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THE 


AMERICAN  TEAR-BOOK 

AND 

NATIONAL  REGISTER 

FOB 

1869. 


,  (Sftnxatfonal,  antr 

A   GENERAL  VIEW 


THE  UNITED  STATES, 

INCLUDING  EVERY   DEPARTMENT   OF 

THE  NATIONAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS: 

TOGETHER  WITH 

A  BRIEF  ACCOUNT   OF  FOREIGN  STATES. 

EMBRACING 
EDUCATIONAL,  RELIGIOUS  AND  INDUSTRIAL  STATISTICS  J  FACTS  RELATING  TO  PUBLIC 

INSTITUTIONS  AND  SOCIETIES;  MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS; 
IMPORTANT  EVENTS;  OBITUARIES;  ETC. 


EDITED  BY  DAVID  N.  CAMP. 


VOL.  I. 

HARTFORD : 
PUBLISHED   BY  0.  D.  CASE  &   COMPANY. 

1869. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1869, 
BY  O.  D.  CASE  &  COMPANY, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of 
Connecticut. 


K»»uf»oture4    by 
CASE,    LOCKWOOD    &    BRAINARD, 


Electrot jped  by 
LOCKWOOD  Si   MANDEVILLE, 


PREFACE. 


THIS  work,  the  initial  volume  of  a  proposed  annual  publication,  has  been 
prepared  to  meet  an  increasing  demand  for  information  respecting  the  affaire 
of  the  General  and  State  Governments,  public  institutions,  finances,  resources, 
and  trade  of  this  country ;  the  political,  financial,  ancf  social  condition  of 
other  countries ;  and  various  other  subjects  relating  to  social  and  political 
economy. 

Unwearied  pains  has  been  taken  to  collect  full  and  authentic  informa 
tion.  By  means  of  official  documents,  an  examination  of  official  records, 
the  aid  of  national  and  state  officers,  and  an  extensive  private  correspond 
ence  with  persons  in  every  state  and  territory  in  this  country,  and  with 
officers  of  government,  and  others,  in  foreign  countries,  a  large  amount  of 
matter  has  been  collected,  digested,  and  arranged  in  a  form  convenient  for 
reference  and  study. 

PART  I.  or  the  Astronomical  Department,  has  full  calendar  pages,  embrac 
ing  the  sun's  rising  and  setting,  moon's  phases,  length  and  increase  of  days, 
and  beginning  and  end  of  twilight  for  eight  different  parallels ;  the  different 
eras  corresponding  with  1869 ;  the  Jewish  and  Mahommedan  calendars,  and 
other  important  celestial  phenomena.  There  is  a  full  tide-table,  and  a  table 
of  latitude  and  longitude  and  difference  of  time,  for  the  most  important 
places  in  the  world. 

PART  II.  contains  a  full  list  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  General  Gov 
ernment,  and  of  the  different  sessions  of  Congress  from  the  first  Congress  to 
the  present  time ;  the  Governors  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  from 
their  organization ;  the  Members  of  the  fortieth  Congress,  committees  and 
officers,  and  of  the  forty-first  as  far  as  elected ;  an  account  of  the  different 
departments  of  government,  with  the  principal  officers  in  each  department ; 
a  full  list  of  Ministers  and  Consuls  to  Foreign  Countries,  and  of  Foreign 
Ministers  and  Consuls  in  the  United  States ;  Collectors  of  Customs,  Assessors 
and  Collectors  of  Internal  Revenue,  an  account  of  the  Coast  Survey,  Light- 
House  Board  and  Districts,  with  officers  of  each ;  the  Army  and  Navy,  and 
Army  and  Navy  Lists,  U.  S.  Military  and  Naval  Academies,  Military  Div 
isions,  Districts  and  Departments ;  Freedmen's  Bureau ;  Postal  service,  Postal 
regulations,  and  rates  of  Domestic  and  Foreign  postage ;  Judiciary ;  an 
account  of  the  Pension  Office,  Public  Lands,  and  Patent  Office ;  the  Depart 
ment  of  Agriculture,  and  the  Department  of  Education,  lists  of  Colleges 
and  Collegiate  Institutions,  and  Professional  Schools ;  Library  of  Congress ; 
Smithsonian  Institution ;  U.  S.  Mint  and  officers ;  proceedings  of  Congress, 


4  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

laws  passed  at  the  3d  session  of  the  40th  Congress,  Impeachment  trial,  Re 
construction,  National  Platforms,  and  miscellaneous  tables  and  facts  of  inter 
est.  It  also  contains  a  brief  historical  notice  of  each  state  and  territory,  a 
list  of  the  executive  and  judicial  officers,  and  an  account  of  the  finances, 
debts,  resources,  educational  and  charitable  institutions,  population,  and 
industry  of  each. 

PART  III.  contains  an  account  of  Foreign  Countries,  their  area  and  pop 
ulation,  constitution  and  government,  finances,  army,  navy,  commerce,  and 
other  important  facts. 

PART  IV.  gives  a  full  account  of  the  religious  condition  of  the  world,  with 
ecclesiastical  statistics  of  different  countries  and  denominations. 

PART  V.  embraces  miscellaneous  essays  on  Agriculture,  Currency  and 
Finance,  Mining,  and  Literature,  written  by  persons  who  have  made  these 
subjects  a  study. 

PART  VI.  contains  full  Presidential  election  returns  for  all  the  States  from 
1836  to  1868 ;  a  summary  of  the  most  important  events  for  1868,  and  obituary 
notices  of  eminent  persons  who  have  died  during  the  year. 

It  is  believed  that  all  classes  will  find  facts  of  importance  relating  to  the 
general  condition  of  the  country  and  the  world ;  and  statesmen,  lawyers, 
physicians,  clergymen,  teachers,  students,  politicians,  merchants,  importers, 
manufacturers,  and  farmers,  will  find  facts  pertaining  specifically  to  their 
several  professions  or  callings. 

The  accounts  of  Foreign  Countries,  the  Ecclesiastical  Statistics,  the  Sum 
mary  of  Important  Events,  and  the  Obituary  Notices,  were  prepared  expressly 
for  this  work  by  Prof.  A.  J.  Schem,  and  the  Election  Returns  by  A.  J.  Cum- 
rnings,  both  of  New  York. 

The  thanks  of  the  editor  are  due  to  the  Heads  of  Departments  at  Wash 
ington,  their  assistants  and  clerks  ;  to  members  and  officers  of  Congress  who 
have  rendered  special  aid  ;  to  the  officers  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau ;  the 
Director  of  the  Mint ;  the  Secretary  and  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution  ;  the  Librarian  of  Congress ;  to  Inspectors  of  Light  House  Districts 
and  of  Steamboats ;  to  the  Governors,  Secretaries,  Auditors,  Treasurers,  and 
other  executive  officers  of  the  several  States ;  to  Superintendents  of  Public 
Instruction,  Presidents  and  Professors  of  Colleges  and  Professional  Schools, 
Superintendents  and  Directors  of  Charitable  Institutions  and  Prisons,  and  to 
many  contributors  and  correspondents  who  have  furnished  valuable  in 
formation  and  made  important  suggestions. 

No  labor  or  expense  has  been  spared  to  make  the  work  accurate,  and  to 
furnish  the  latest  statistics  that  could  be  obtained.  But  in  gathering  such  a 
variety  of  information  from  so  wide  a  field,  condensing  and  arranging  in 
proper  form  so  many  facts,  and  transcribing  a  great  number  of  names  and  a 
multitude  of  figures,  complete  accuracy  in  all  matters  of  detail  can  hardly 
be  hoped  for  ;  and  the  editor  and  publishers  will  be  thankful  for  information 
relating  to  any  errors  or  inaccuracies,  however  unimportant,  that  may  be 
discovered. 


COSTTE^TS. 


PREFACE. 


Page. 


PART   I. 


ASTRONOMICAL 

Page.   I 

ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT 9 

Eras  corresponding  with  1869 9 

Jewish  Calendar  for  1869 9 

Mohammedan  Calendar  for  1869 10 

Movable  Church  Days 10 

Cycles  of  Time 10 

The  Four  Seasons 10 

The  Rising  and  Setting  of  Mercury 10 

Eclipses  for  1869 11 

Projection  of  the  Lunar  Eclipse  of  Jan.  27.  11 

Annular  Eclipse  of  the  Sun 12 

Total  Eclipse  of  the  Sun 13 

Table  of  Eclipses 14 

The  Asteroids 14 

Versed  Sines  of  Illuminated  Discs  of  Ve 
nus  and  Mars 15 

Phases  of  Venus— Direct  Image 15 

Evening  Stars— Morning  Stars 15 

Epheme'ris  of  the  principal  Planets 16 

Sun's  Declination 18 

Eclipses  of  Jupiter's  Moons  for  1869 18 


DEPARTMENT. 


Page. 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT— 
Table  showing  Moon's  place  or  Longitude.  19 
Constellations  and  Signs  of  the  Zodiac.. .  19 
Occupation  of  Regulus  and  Aldebaran. . .  19 

High  Water  at  Boston 20 

High  Water  at  New  York 20 

High  Water  at  Philadelphia 21 

High  Water  at  San  Francisco 21 

Calendar 22 

Length  and  Increase  of  Days 22 

Moon's  Phases 23 

Situation  of  the  Planets 23 

Beginning  and  End  of  Twilight 23 

Planetary  Conjunctions  and  other  Phe 
nomena  46 

Saturn's  Rings 46 

Diameter,  &c.  of  the  Sun  and  Planets.. . .  47 

Primary  Planets  and  Asteroids 47 

Tide  Tables 48 

Table  of  Sixty-one  bright  Stars 49 

Table  of  Latitude  aud'Lougitude 50 


PART    II. 

THE  UNITED  STATES. 


THE  UNITED  STATES 59 

Historical  Notice 59 

Principal  Officers  of  the  Government  from 
the  First  Continental  Congress  to  the 

Present  Time 60 

Presidents 60 

Vice  Presidents 60 

Secretaries  of  State 60 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury 61 

Secretaries  of  War 61 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy 61 

Secretaries  of  the  Interior 61 

Postmasters  General 62 

Attorneys  General 62 

Chief  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 62 

Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court.  62 

Presidents  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate 63 

Speakers  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  63 

List  of  Congresses 63 

Governors  of  States 64 

Governors  of  Territories 69 

Congress 70 

Apportionment  of  Representatives 71 

Fortieth  Congress — 2d  Session 71 

Senators 71 

Committees  of  the  Senate 72 

Officers  of  the  Senate 73 

House  of  Representatives 74 

Delegates  from  Territories 76 

Committees  of  the  House 76 

Officers  of  the  House. . .  . .  78 


Page. 

THE  UNITED  STATES— 

Alphabetical  List  of  Senators 78 

Alphabetical  List  of  Representatives 78 

Executive  Government 79 

The  Cabinet 80 

Department  of  State 80 

Intercourse  with  Foreign  Nations 81 

Chief  Officers  in  the  State  Department. . .  81 
Envoys    Extraordinary    and   Ministers 

Plenipotentiary 81 

Secretaries  of  Legation 82 

Assistant  Secretaries  of  Legation 82 

Ministers  Resident 82 

Consular  Officers  of  the  United  States. . .  82 

Diplomatic  Corps 89 

List  of  Foreign  Consuls  in  the  U.  S 90 

Treasury  Department 95 

Chief  Officers  in  the  Treasury  Dept 96 

Collectors  of  Customs 97 

Assessors  &  Collectors  of  Internal  Revenue  99 

United  States  Coast  Survey 104 

Light-House  Board 105 

Light-House  Districts  and  Officers 105 

Supervising  Inspectors  of  Steamboats. ,  .106 

Army  and  Navy 106 

War  Department 107 

Chief  Officers  in  the  War  Department. .  .108 

U.  S.  Military  Academy 108 

Appointment  and  Admission  of  Cadets.  .110 

Army  List Ill 

Retired  from  Active  Service 119 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


L18G9. 


Page. 

THE  UNITED  STATES— 

Pay  of  the  Army 121 

Organization  of  the  Regular  Army 122 

Armories  and  Arsenals 123 

Military  Divisions  and  Departments 124 

Freedmen's  Bureau 125 

Navy  Department 128 

Chief  Officers  in  the  Navy  Department. .  .128 

U.  S.  Naval  Academy 129 

Admission  of  Students 130 

Navy  List 132 

Retired  List 135 

Marine  Corps 136 

Naval  Constructors 136 

Resignations,  Deaths  and  Dismissals 136 

List  of  Vessels  of  the  Navy 136 

Naval  Force 138 

Squadrons 139 

Navy  Yards  and  Shore  Stations 140 

Pay  of  the  Navy 141 

Attorney  General's  Office 146 

Judiciary 146 

Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 147 

Circuit  Courts 147 

Court  of  Claims 147 

Supreme  Court  of  the  Dist.  of  Columbia.. 147 

Post  Office  Department 148 

Chief  Officers  in  Post  Office  Department. 149 

Postal  Conventions 150 

Postal  Service 151 

Revenues  &  Expenditures  from  1854-1868.. 154 

Estimates  for  1869 155 

Appropriations  for  Special  Service 155 

Mail  Service.  Receipts  and  Expenditures.  .155 

Rates  of  Domestic  Postage 157 

Foreign  Letters,  &c 158 

Printed  Matter  for  Foreign  Countries 158 

Exchange  offices  for  Foreign  Mails 160 

Table  of  Postages  to  Foreign  Countries.  .160 

Department  of  the  Interior 169 

Chief  Officers  in  the  Interior  Department.  .169 

Public  Lands 170 

Land  Grants  for  Education 173 

Grants  for  Internal  Improvement 173 

Private  Land  Claims 174 

Pension  Office 175 

No.  of  Army  pensioners  in  each  State 177 


Page. 

THE  UNITED  STATES- 
NO,  of  Navy  pensioners  in  each  State 178 

Bureau  of  Indian  Affairs ,  .179 

Patent  Office 181 

Business  of  the  Patent  Office 182 

Department  of  Agriculture 183 

Temperature  and" rain  fall  for  each  month.186 

Average  yield  of  principal  crops 187 

Average  price  of  principal  products 187 

Average  price  of  farm  stock.  Jan.  1868..  .188 

Condition  of  crops,  September,  1868 189 

Department  of  Education 190 

Colleges  and  Higher  Seminaries 196 

Theological  Schools 204 

Law  Schools 208 

Medical  Schools 206 

Normal  Schools 210 

Agricultural  and  Scientific  Schools 212 

Cost  of  education  in  principal  cities 213 

Library  of  Congress 214 

Smithsonian  Institution 216 

United  States  Mint 218 

Foreign  gold  and  silver  coins 221 

Coins  of  the  United  States 222 

National  Societies 223 

Proceedings  of  the  40th  Congress 225 

Impeachment  Trial 2~5 

Reconstruction 233 

Finances 235 

Duties  on  leading  articles  of  commerce.  .236 
Receipts  and  Expenditures  of  the  U.  S. 
Treasury  for  year  ending  June  30, 1868.  .237 

Sales  of  Merchandise 238 

United  States  National  Debt 22!) 

United  States  Bonds 241 

Legal  Tender  Notes 241 

National  Banks,  National  Bank  Notes 242 

Debts  of  the  several  States 245 

Titles  and  abstracts  of  the  public  laws...  .246 

Public  resolutions 254 

Proclamations  of  the  President 255 

Fourteenth  Constitutional  Amendment... 257 

Stamp  Duties 259 

Fortieth  Congress 261 

Forty-first  Congress 262 

National  Platforms  of  1868 265 

State  Governments 274 


STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 


Page. 

ALABAMA — Government,  Judiciary,  Finan 
ces,  Education,  Charitable  and  Penal  Insti 
tutions,  Population,  Wealth  &  Industry.. 275 

ARKANSAS,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 281 

CALIFORNIA,  Government,  Judiciary  &c 285 

CONNECTICUT,  Government,  Judiciary,  &C..294 

DELAWARE,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 303 

FLORIDA,  Government,  Judiciary,  Ac 306 

GEORGIA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 311 

ILLINOIS,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 316 

INDIANA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 324 

IOWA,  Government,  Judiciary,  Finances,  &C.330 

KANSAS,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 338 

KENTUCKY,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 342 

LOUISIANA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 346 

MAINE,  Government,  Judiciary.  &c 353 

MARYLAND,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 358 

MASSACHUSETTS,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c364 

MICHIGAN,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 376 

MINNESOTA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 382 

MISSISSIPPI,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 387 

MISSOURI,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 390 

NEBRASKA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 395 

NEVADA,  Government,  Judiciary  &c 398 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  Government,  &c 401 

NEW  JERSEY,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c.  .406 


Pa?e. 

NEW  YORK,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 411 

NORTH  CAROLINA,  Government.  &c 421 

OHIO,  Government,  Judiciary,  Finances,  &C.426 

OREGON,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 433 

PENNSYLVANIA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &C.437 
RHODE  ISLAND,  Government,  Judiciary,  &C.445 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  Government,  &c 449 

TENNESSEE,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 454 

TEXAS,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 457 

VERMONT,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 462 

VIRGINIA,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 467 

WEST  VIRGINIA,  Government,  &c 471 

WISCONSIN,  Government,  Judiciary,  &c 476 

ALASKA  Territory,  Government,  &c 482 

ARIZONA  Territory,  Government,   &c 484 

COLORADO  Territory,  Government,  &c 486 

DAKOTA  Territory,  Government,  &c 489 

IDAHO  Territory,  Government,  &c 492 

INDIAN  Territory,  Government,  &c 496 

MONTANA  Territory,  Government,  £c 497 

NEW  MEXICO  Territory,  Government,  &c. .  .500 

UTAH  Territory,  Government,  &c 502 

WASHINGTON  Territory,  Government,  &c. .  .504 

WYOMING  Territory,  Government,  &c 508 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,  Government,  &c..  .510 
NEW  YORK  CITY,  Government,  &c 516 


1869.] 


CONTENTS. 


PART    III. 

FOREIGN  STATES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


AMERICA. 


Page. 


FOREIGN  STATES 523 

AMERICA 523 

INDEPENDENT  AMERICAN  STATES, 524 

EUROPEAN  POSSESSIONS 524 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC — Area,  Population, 
History,  Government,  Finances,  Army  and 

Navy,  Commerce 525 

BOLIVIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 525 

BRAZIL,  Area,  Population,  &c 525 

CENTRAL  AMERICA,  Area,  Population,  &c...  .526 

GUATEMALA,  Area,  Population,  &c 527 

SAN  SALVADOR,  Area,  Population,  &c 527 

HONDURAS,  Area,  Population,  &c 527 

NICARAUGUA,  Area,  Population,  &c 527 

COSTA  RICA,  Area,  Population,  &c 527 

CHILI,  Area,  Population,  &c 527 

COLOMBIA,  UNITED  STATES  OF,  Area,  &c — 528 

ECUADOR,  Area.  Population,  &c 529 

HAYTI,  Area.  Population,  &c 529 

MEXICO,  Area,  Population,  &c 530 

PARAGUAY,  Area,  Population,  &c 531 

PERU,  Area,  Population,  &c 532 

SAN  DOMINGO,  Area,  Population,  &c 532 

URUGUAY,  Area,  Population,  &c 533 

VENEZUELA,  Area,  Population,  &c 533 

BRITISH  POSSESSIONS,  Area,  Population,  &C.533 

Dominion  of  Canada 534 

Jamaica 536 

DANISH  POSSESSIONS,  Area,  Population,  &C.536 
DUTCH  POSSESSIONS,  Area,  Population,  &c.  .537 
FRENCH  POSSESSIONS,  Area,  Population,  &C.537 
SPANISH  POSSESSIONS.  Area,  Population,  &C.537 

Cuba 537 

SWEDISH  POSSESSIONS,  Area,  Population,  &C.537 

EUROPE. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  EUROPE 538 

STATES  OP  EUROPE 539 

AUSTRIA,  Area,  Population,  History,  Reign 
ing  Sovereign,  Government,  Ministry,  Ed 
ucation,  Army  and  Navy,  Commerce 540 

BELGIUM,  Area,'  Population,  &c 544 

DENMARK,  Area,  Population,  &c 545 

FRANCE,  Area,  Population,  &c 547 

GERMANY,  Area,  Population,  &c 553 

NORTH  GERMANY,  Area,  Population,  &C..554 

PRUSSIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 555 

SAXONY,  Area,  Population,  &c 558 

MECK.-SCHWERIN,  Area,  Pop.,  &c 559 

OLDENBURG,  Area,  Population,  &c 559 

SAXE-WEIMAR,  Area,  Pop.,  &c 560 

MECK.-STRELITZ,  Area,  Population,  £c.560 

BRUNSWICK,  Area,  Population,  &c 561 

ANHALT,  Area,  Population,  &c 561 

SAX E-MEININGEN, Area,  Population,  &C.561 
SAXE-CoBURG-GoTHA,  Area,  Pop.,  &c.... 561 

SAXE-ALTENBURG,  Area,  Pop.,  &c 562 

LIPPE-DETMOLD,  Area,  Population,  &C.562 

REUSS,  Area,  Population,  &c 562 

SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT,  Area,  &c.  .562 

SCHWARZB'G-SoNDERSHAUSEN.Area,&C.563 

WALDECK,  Area,  Population,  &c 563 

SCHAUMBURG-LIPPE,  Area,  Pop.,  &C...563 

HAMBURG,  Area,  Population,  &c 563 

BREMEN,  Area,  Population,  &c 564 

LUBECK,  Area,  Population,  &c 564 

SOUTH  GERMANY,  Area,  Population,  &C..564 

BAVARIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 564 

WURTEMBURG,  Area,  Population,  &c, ..565 
BADEN,  Area,  Population,  &c 566 


Page. 

.567 
..567 
.567 
.576 
.577 
.579 
.579 
.580 
.581 
.582 
.584 
.584 
.584 
.586 
.586 
.587 
.588 
.589 
.591 
.591 
.591 


EUROPE. 

SOUTH  GERMANY— 
HESSE-DARMSTADT.  Area,  Pop.,  &c... 
LIECHTENSTEIN,  Area,  Population,  &c 

GREAT  BRITAIN,  Area,  Population,  &c 

GREECE,  Area,  Population,  &c '. 

ITALY,  Area,  Population,  &c '.'. 

LUXEMBURG,  Area,  Population,  &c 

NETHERLANDS,  Area,  Population,  &c 

PAPAL  STATES,  Area,  Population,  &c! '. '. 

PORTUGAL,  Area,  Population,  &c 

RUSSIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 

FINLAND,  Area,  Population,  &c 

POLAND,  Area,  Population,  &c 

SPAIN,  Area,  Population,  &c 

SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY,  Area,  Pop.,  &c 

SWEDEN,  Area,  Population,  &c 

NORWAY,  Area,  Population,  &c 

SWITZERLAND,  Area,  Population,  &c 

TURKEY,  Area,  Population,  &c 

Rumania 

Servia 

Montenegro 

ASIA. 

ANAM,  Area,  Population,  Emperor,  Divis 
ions,  Foreign  Trade,  Religion 592 

ARABIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 593 

BRITISH  INDIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 593 

BURMAH,  Area,  Population,  &c 594 

CEYLON,  Area,  Population,  &c 595 

CHINA,  Area,  Population,  &c 595 

JAPAN,  Area,  Population,  &c 596 

JAVA,  Area,  Population,  &c 596 

PERSIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 597 

SIAM,  Area,  Population,  &c 597 

TARTARY  (Independent),  Area,  Pop.,  &c..  .597 

AFRICA. 

ABYSSINIA,  Area,  Population,  Religion,  His 
tory,  Rulers 598 

ALGERIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 599 

CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE,  Area,  Population,  &C.699 

EGYPT,  Area,  Population,  &c 599 

LIBERIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 600 

MADAGASCAR,  Area,  Population,  &c 600 

NATAL,  Area,  Population,  &c 600 

AUSTRALASIA  AND  POLYNESIA. 

AUSTRALASIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 601 

FEEJEE  ISLANDS,  Area,  Population,  &c 601 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES,  Area,  Population,  &C..601 

NEW  ZEALAND,  Area,  Population,  &c 601 

QUEENSLAND,  Area,  Population,  &c 601 

SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  Area,  Population,  &C..602 
SOUTH  AUSTRALIA,  Area,  Population,  &C...602 

TASMANIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 602 

VICTORIA,  Area,  Population,  &c 602 

WEST  AUSTRALIA,  Area,  Population,  &c. .  .603 

COMPARATIVE  TABLES. 

Large  Divisions  of  the  World 603 

Political  Divisions  of  the  World 603 

Arranged  according  to  Area  and  Pop 603 

Arranged  in  order  of  density  of  Pop 605 

Arranged  alphabetically > ... .606 

Large  Cities  of  the  World 607 

Containing  more  than  100,000  inhab 607 

Containing  less  than  100,000  iuhab 608 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[18G9. 


PART    IV. 

RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


Page. 

RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OP  THE  WORLD  .....  609 

Creeds  of  the  World  ........................  609 

General  Statistics  of  Christianity  ..........  BIO 

America,  .................................  611 

Europe  ...................................  611 

Asia  ......................................  612 

Africa  ...................................  612 

Australasia  and  Polynesia  ................  612 

Roman  Catholic  Church  ....................  612 

The  Pope  .................................  612 

The  Cardinals  ............................  612 

Patriarchs,  Archbishops  and  Bishops,  Arch 
bishoprics  and  Bishoprics  in  America  .  .  .612 
Europe  .................................  613 

Asia  ...................................  614 

Africa  ..................................  614 

Australasia  and  Polynesia  ..............  614 

(Ecumenical  Councils  ....................  614 

National  and  Provincial  Councils  .........  614 

Monastic  Orders  ............................  615 

The  Oriental  Churches  .....................  615 

Greek  Church  ............................  615 

Armenian  Church  ...........  .............  615 

Nestorians  ...............................  615 


Jacobites 

Copts 

The  Protestant  Churches 
Divisions  of  Protestantism 


615 
615 
616 
616 


The  principal  Protestant  Denominations.  .  .616 
The  Anglican  Church  .......................  616 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States  ..................................  616 

Other  Anglican  Churches  ................  617 

The  Baptists  ...............................  617 

Regular  Baptists  in  America  .............  617 

Free  Will  Baptists  in  the  United  States 
and  British  America  ...................  617 

Other  Baptist  Denominations  in  America.  .617 
Baptists  in  Great  Britain  .................  618 


Page. 

Baptists  on  the  Continent  of  Europe 618 

Baptists  in  Asia  and  Australia 618 

Congregationalists 618 

America 618 

England  and  the  English  Colonies 618 

The  Friends 618 

Lutherans  in  the  United  States 618 

Europe 619 

Asia,  Africa  and  Polynesia 619 

The  Methodist   Episcopal    Church  in  the 

United  States 619 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South 620 

The  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
and  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal 

Zion  Church 620 

The  Methodist    Church   and    Methodist 

Protestants 620 

Other  Methodist  Bodies  in  the    United 

States 620 

Other  parts  of  America 620 

The  Methodist  Denominations  in  Europe.  621 

Moravians 621 

New  Jerusalem  Church~"Swedenborgiaus". 621 

Presbyterians 621 

Old  School  in  the  United  States 621 

New  School  in  the  United  States 621 

United  Presbyterians  in  the  United  States. 621 

The  (Southern)  Presbyterian  Church 622 

The  Cumberland  Presbyterians 622 

The  Reformed  Presbyterians 622 

Presbyterians  in   Great  Britain  and  the 

British  Colonies 622 

Reformed  Churches  in  the  United  States  .  .622 

Europe  and  Africa 622 

Unitarians  in  the  United  States 622 

Europe 622 

United  Brethren  in  Christ 622 

United  Evangelical  Church 622 


Uuiversalists  in  the  United  States 


..622 


Progress  of  Agriculture  — 
Currency  and  Finance 


PART    V. 

MISCELLANEOUS   ESSAYS. 

Page.   I 

623    Mining , 

...632    Literature... 


Page. 

...643 
...660 


PART   VI. 

PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  RETURNS.— RECORD  OP  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.— OBITUARIES. 


California 

...668 

Tennessee  .  .  . 

Page. 
.  .712 

Maine 

670 

Missouri  .            . 

716 

.     670 

Mississippi  . 

720 

670 

Louisiana 

..722 
..724 

..726 

728 

672 

Michigan  
Alabama  .... 

672 

674 

Arkansas 

674 

Texas  

..730 
782 

676 

Oregon    

New  York                 

678 

Kansas  

.."('32 

Virginia                       

..680 

Nebraska  

..733 
734 

684 

Minnesota  

686 

Florida 

735 

688 

Nevada 

Illinois                     

...692 

West  Virginia  

.736 

737 

696 

South  Carolina...   . 

Ohio                   

698 

Presidential  Vote  by  States  
State  Legislatures.  Politically  Classified  . 
Population  of  the  United  States,  1790-186 
Record  of  Important  Events 

..737 
..738 
0..738 
.  .739 
.  .773 

Indiana                     

...700 

704 

.  .  .  706 

Kentucky...                

708 

Obituaries  

PAET  I. 
ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT, 

COMPUTED  EXPRESSLY  FOB  THIS  WORK, 

BY  SAMUEL  H.  WRIGHT,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  PENN-YAN,  N.  Y. 


ERAS  CORRESPONDING  WITH  1869. 

The  year  1869  constitutes  the 

93d   of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States,  until  July  4th. 
1873d   of  the  birth  of  Christ,  our  present  Era  having  begun  4  years  after  His  birth. 
1238th  of  the  Persian  Era,  which  began  June  19th,  N.  8.,  632  A.  D. 
1286th  of  the  Hegira,  and  begins  April  18th,  1869. 
1317th  of  the  Armenian  Ecclesiastical  Year. 
1585th  of  the  Era  of  Diocletian,  or  Era  of  Martyrs. 
19O7th  of  the  Spanish  Era,  or  Era  of  the  Caesars. 

1914th  of  the  Julian  Era,  or  since  the  reformation  of  the  Calendar  of  Numa  Pompilius. 
2181st  of  the  Grecian  Era  of  the  Seleucides. 

2616th  of  the  Babylonish  Era  of  Nabonassar,  which  began  Feb.  26th,  3967,  J.  P 
2622d   of  the  old  Roman  Era,  A.  U.  C.,  according  to  Varro. 

2645th  of  the  Olympiads  of  Greece,  or  the  1st  year  of  the  662d  Olympiad,  beginning  in  July. 
3884th  of  the  Era  of  Abraham,  used  by  Eusebius. 
4217th  of  the  Deluge,  according  to  Usher,  and  the  English  Bible. 
4971st  of  the  Cali  Yuga,  or  Hindoo,  and  Indian  Era. 

45O6th  of  the  Chinese  Calendar,  beginning  Feb.  llth,  1869,  and  the  6th  in  a  cycle  of  60  years. 
5629th  of  the  Creation,  according  to  the  Minor  Era  of  the  Jews.    It  ends  September  5th. 
6228th  of  the  Greater  Rabbinical  Era  of  the  Jews. 
8O97th  of  the  World,  according  to  Eusebius. 
5813th  of  the  World,  according  to  Scaliger. 
5873d   of  the  World,  according  to  Usher  and  the  English  Bible. 
7361st  of  the  World,  according  to  the  Antiochian  and  Abyssinian  Eras. 
7371st  of  the  World,  according  to  the  Alexandrian  Era. 
7377-78th  of  the  Era  of  Constantinople,  used  by  the  Byzantine  historians. 

This  last  is  the  same  as  the  Septuagint  version  of  the  Bible,  and  it  is  the  most  reliable 
authority  known.  It  dates  the  creation  on  the  1st  of  the  Jewish  month  Tisri,  5508  B.  C.,  or 
7377  years  ago.  There  are  about  a  hundred  and  forty  eras  respecting  the  age  of  the  world, 
some  claiming  it  to  be  millions  of  years  old,  but  without  authentic  written  records. 

JEWISH  CALENDAR  FOR  1869. 

The  Jewish  year  5629,  of  12  months,  or  355  days  and  51  Jewish  Sabbaths,  (Saturdays),  began 
Sept.  17th,  1868,  and  ends  Sept.  5th,  1869.  The  year  5630,  of  13  months,  is  an  embolismic  year, 
aud  the  6th  of  the  CCXCVIIth  cycle,  containing  385  days,  and  55  Jewish  Sabbaths,  beginning 
Sept.  6th,  1869,  and  ending  Sept.  25th,  1870. 


MONTH. 

BEGINS. 

LENGTH. 

MONTH. 

BEGINS. 

LENGTH. 

5  Sebat  
6  Adar  
7  Nisan  ...  . 

January      13 
February    12 
March         13 

30    Days. 
29     Days. 
30    Da  vs. 

11  Ab  .  .  . 
12  Elul  
1  Tisri  (5630) 

July             9 
August         8 
September  6 

30     Days. 
29     Days. 
30     Days. 

8  Ijar  
9  Si  van 

April          12 
May            11 

29     Days. 
30     Davs 

2  Marchesvan 
3  Chisleu 

October        6 
November   5 

30     Days. 
30     Davs. 

10  Tammuz  

June           10 

29     Days. 

4  Thebet  

December    5 

29     Days. 

10 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


MOHAMMEDAN  CALENDAR  FOR  1869. 

The  year  1285,  of  364  days,  began  April  24th,  1868,  and  ends  April  12th,  1869.    The  year  1286, 
of  355  days,  begins  April  13th,  1869,  and  ends  April  2d,  1870. 


MONTH. 

BEGINS. 

LENGTH. 

MONTH. 

BEGINS. 

LENGTH. 

10  Schewall  
11  Dsu'l  Kadah. 
12  Dsu1!  Rcjjah. 
1  Muharrem  ..  . 

January      15 
February    13 
March         15 
April           13 

29     Days. 
30     Days. 
29     Days. 
30     Days. 

4  Rabia  II  .... 
5  Jomadhi  I.  .  . 
6  Jomadhi  II.  . 
7Rejeb  

July            11 
August         9 
September  8 
October        7 

29     Days. 
30     Days. 
29     Days. 
30     Days. 

2  Saphar  
3  Rabia  I  

May             13 
June           11 

29     Days. 
30     Days. 

8  Shaban  
9  Ramadan  .  .  . 

November   6 
December    5 

29     Days. 
30     Days. 

MOVABLE  CHURCH  DAYS. 


Septuagesima  Sunday Jan.      24. 

Sexagesima  Sunday Jan.      31. 

Quinquagesima  Sunday Feb.       7. 

Ash  Wednesday Feb.     10. 

Quadragesima  Sunday  (1st  of  Lent). Feb.     14. 

Ember  Day Feb.      17. 

Mid-Lent  Sunday March    7. 

Palm  Sunday March  21. 

Good  Friday March  26. 

EASTEU  SUNDAY March  28. 


Low  Sunday April  4. 

Rogation  Sunday May  2. 

Ascension  Day May  6. 

Whit  Sunday  (Pentecost) May  16. 

Ember  Day May  19. 

Trinity  Sunday May  23. 

Corpus  Christi May  27. 

Middle  of  the  Year July  2. 

Ember  Day Sept.  15. 

Advent  Sunday Nov.  28. 


Dominical  Letter C. 

Epact  (  D  's  age,  Jan.  0) 17. 

Solar  Cycle 2. 


CYCLES  OF  TIME. 

Golden  Number 8. 

Roman  Indiction 12. 

Jewish  Lunar  Cycle 5. 


Dionysian  Period 198. 

Julian  Period 6582. 

Number  of  Direction 7. 


THE  FOUR  SEASONS,  OR  NATURAL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  YEAR. 


WASHINGTON. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Winter  Begins,  1868  
Spring  Begins,  1869  

...Dec.  21 
...March  20 

7'   20  Mo. 
8    16  Mo. 

4    19  Mo. 
5    15  Mo. 

and  lasts  
and  lasts 

..89  H6  56 
92  20  34 

Summer  Begins,  1869.  .  . 
Autumn  Begins,  1869.  .  . 
Winter  Begins,  1869  

.  .  .June  21 
...Sept.  22 
...Dec.  21 

4    50  Mo. 
7    12  Ev. 
1      8  Ev. 

1    49  Mo. 
4    11  Ev. 
10      7  Mo. 

and  lasts  
and  lasts  
Tropical  Y'r. 

..93  14  22 
..89  17  56 
.365    5  48 

THE  RISING  AND  SETTING  OF  MERCURY, 

when  near  its  greatest  elongation  from  the  Sun,  for  Washington.    At  the  times  given  below,  it 
will  probably  be  visible. 


MERCURY  SETS,  EVENING. 

MERCURY   RISES,   MORNING. 

Jan. 

V  sets. 

May. 

«  sets. 

Sept. 

5  sets. 

March. 

S  rises. 

July. 

S  rises. 

Nov. 

5  rises. 

R.        M. 

4    59 
5      0 
5      2 
5      4 
5      5 

30 
31 
Feb.  1 
2 
3 

8  "3 
8  2 

8  1 
7  58 
7  56 

24 
25 

26 
27 
28 

9  *4 
9  6 
9  6 

9  7 
9  7 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

B.        M. 

6    48 
6    46 
6    44 
6    43 
6    41 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

wotcnorm? 

WOT  05  05  05? 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

3    26 
3    26 
3    26 
3    27 
3    27 

5 
6 

7 
8 
9 

Mercury  is  brightest  when  at  an  elongation  of  about  22°  19',  which  occurs  about  three  clays 
before  its  greatest  elongation  east,  and  three  days  after  its  greatest  elongation  west,  and  is 
always  between  the  greatest  elongation  and  superior  conjunction.  Venus  is  brightest  between 
inferior  conjunction  and  greatest  elongation,  and  when  its  elongation  is  about  39°  44/. 


1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


11 


ECLIPSES  FOR  1869. 

There  will  be  four  Eclipses  this  year,  two  of  the  Sun  and  two  of  the 
Moon,  as  follows : 

I.  A  partial  eclipse  of  the  Moon,  January  27th,  in  the  evening,  visible. 
Size,  0.458  of  the  diameter,  or  5.496  digits,  on  the  northern  limb.  See  table 
of  Lunar  Eclipse,  page  14,  for  the  time. 

The  first  contact  occurs  at  a  point  50°  from  the  north  point  towards  the  east,  and  the  last 
contact  31°  from  the  north  point  towards  the  west.  The  north  point  of  the  .Moon  is  determined 
by  an  imaginary  line  drawn  from  the  Moon's  centre  toward  the  north  pole,  or  North  Star,  and 
not  toward  the  north  point  of  the  horizon.  When  the  M9on  is  at  A  the  Eclipse  is  largest  and 
on  the  northern  limb. 


PROJECTION  OF  THE  LUNAR  ECLIPSE  OF  JANUARY  27TH. 


IT.  An  annular  eclipse  of  the  Sun,  February  llth,  invisible  in  North 
America.  Visible  in  the  southern  part  of  South  America,  south  of  20°  lati 
tude,  and  in  the  southern  part  of  Africa. 

This  Eclipse  will  be  partial  in  the  lower  part  of  South  America,  and  Southern  Africa.  The 
line  of  the  Central  Eclipse  travels  in  the  Ocean,  and  ends  on  the  coast  of  Madagascar.  The 
Eclipse  begins  in  Lat.  35°  39'  S.,  Lou.  3°  12.3'  W.,  and  ends  in  Lat.  9°  47.4'  S.,  Lon.  256°  27.3'  W. 


12  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  central  phase  begins  in  Lat.  50"  8.8'  S.,  Lon.  29°  55.3'  W.,  and  ends  in  Lat.  24°  41.3'  S.,  Lon. 
232°  39. 7'  W.  of  Washington.  It  occurs  at  noon,  in  Lat.  54°  6.5'  S.,  and  in  Lon.  301°  32'  W.  of 
Washington. 


THE  ANNULAR  ECLIPSE  OP  THE  SUN  FEBRUARY  HTH. 


III.  A  partial  eclipse  of  the  Moon,  July  23d,  invisible  in  America.     Visi 
ble  in  Eastern  Asia  and  Australia.     Size,  0.506  of  the  diameter,  or  6.792 
digits  on  the  southern  limb. 

IV.  A  TOTAL  ECLIPSE  OF  THE  SUN,  August  7th,  in  the  afternoon,  visible 
either  as  a  total,  or  a  large  partial  eclipse,  throughout  Eastern  Asia,  and 
all  of  North  America,  and  the  West  Indies.     This  will  be  the  most  inter 
esting  eclipse  that  has  occurred,  or  will  occur,  in  the  United  States  for 
many  years. 

The  orlipfie  first  begins  on  the  Earth  at  sun-rise  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  east  of  Japan,  in  Lat. 
36°  53.3'  N.,  Lon.  138°  37.4'  W.  of  Washington.  It  becomes  total  first  upon  the  Earth,  in 
Siberia,  at  sun-rise,  in  Lat.  52°  41.9'  N.,  Lon.  165°  26.4'  W.  of  Washington.  The  eclipse  is 


1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


18 


total  at  noon  in  Alaska,  Lat.  61°  46.9'  N.,  Lon.  68°  4.6/  West.  The  line  of  the  total  eclipse 
now  runs  south-easterly,  grazing  the  coast  near  Sitka,  thence  running  off  into  British  America, 
and  entering  the  United  States  near  the  origin  of  Milk  River,  Lon.  30°  W.  Thence  through 
the  South-west  corner  of  Minnesota,  and  diagonally  through  Iowa,  crossing  the  Mississippi 
River  near  Burlington,  Iowa ;  thence  through  Illinois,  just  north  of  Springfield,  and  crossing 
the  Ohio  River  near  Louisville,  Ky.  Thence  through  the  south-west  corner  of  West  Virginia, 
and  through  North  Carolina,  just  south  of  Raleigh,  and  thence  to  Newbern,  and  entering  the 
Atlantic,  just  north  of  Beaufort,  N.  C.,  and  ending  at  sun-set,  in  the  ocean,  in  Lat.  31°  lo.a' 
N.,  and  Lon.  9°  36.V  East. 


THE  GREAT  SOLAR  ECLIPSE  OF  AUGUST  7TH. 


In  all  the  dark  part  of  the  engraving  the  Eclipse  will  be  visible  and  partial,  except  along  the 
heavy  black  line,  where  it  will  be  total. 

Along  the  line  described  above,  the  eclipse  will  be  total,  and  at  all  other  places  in  the  United 
States  it  will  be  partial.  The  partial  eclipse  ends  on  the  Earth  at  sun-set,  in  Lat.  14°  48>  54"  N., 
Lon.  13°  KX  W.,  being  near  the  City  of  Guatemala.  Along  the  Atlantic  coast  in  the  United 
States,  the  eclipse  ends  at  about  sun-set.  For  the  times  of  the  phases  of  this  eclipse,  see  the 
following  table.  For  its  general  outline,  see  the  engraring. 

This  eclipse  occurred  last  in  1851,  July  28th,  and  the  total  phase  was  visible  iu  the  arctic 
regions  of  America,  and  in  Sweden,  Norway  and  Russia. 


14 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
TABLE  OF  ECLIPSES  VISIBLE  IN  NORTH  AMERICA. 


TABLE   OP  LUNAR   ECLIPSE,   JANUARY   27TH. 

TABLE  OF  SOLAR  ECLIPSE,  AUGUST  7TH. 

PLACES. 

Beginning. 
Evening. 

Middle. 
Evening. 

End. 
Evening. 

Beginning. 
Afternoon. 

Middle. 
Afternoon. 

End. 
Afternoon. 

Size. 
Digits. 

Limb. 

New  York 

7    32 
7    28 
7    22 
7    44 
6    28 
6    51 
6    27 
6    38 
7    13 
7    31 
6    46 
7    33 
7    20 
Invis. 
7    42 
7      8 
7    17 
6    56 
6    35 
7      0 
7      8 
7    36 
7    18 
7    43 
6    35 
7    38 
7    23 
7    47 
7    27 
7      4 
7    25 
6    44 
7    30 
6    41 
7    22 
7    52 
6    25 
7      1 
6    16 
7    43 
7    34 
7    13 
7    11 
6    59 
6    20 
Invis. 

8    42 
8    38 
8    32 
8    54 
7    38 
8      1 
7    37 
7    48 
8    23 
8    41 
7    56 
8    43 
8    30 
5    28 
8    52 
8    18 
8    27 
8      6 
7    45 
8    10 
8    18 
8    46 
8    28 
8    53 
7    45 
8    48 
8    33 
8    57 
8    37 
8    14 
8    35 
7    54 
8    40 
7    51 
8    32 
9      2 
7    35 
8    11 
7    26 
8    53 
8    44 
8    23 
8    21 
8      9 
7    30 
5    28 

9    52 
9    48 
9    42 
10      4 
8    48 
9    11 
8    47 
8    58 
9    33 
9    51 
9      6 
9    53 
9    40 
6    38 
10      2 
9    28 
9    37 
9    16 
8    55 
9    20 
9    28 
9    56 
9    38 
10      3 
8    55 
9    58 
9    43 
10      7 
9    47 
9    24 
9    45 
9      4 
9    50 
9      1 
9    42 
10    12 
8    45 
9    21 
8    36 
10      3 
9    54 
9    33 
9    31 
9    19 
8    40 
6    38 

5    12 
5      8 
5      3 
5    24 
4    24 
4    30 
4      5 
4      7 
4    49 
5    11 
4    26 
5    12 
b      2 
1    26 
5    21 
4    47 
4    49 
4    31 
4      1 
4    34 
5      0 
5    16 
5      1 
5    21 
4    32 
5    17 
4    58 
5    2(5 
5      2 
4    57 
5      6 
4    21 
5      9 
4    23 
4    55 
5    31 
3    50 
5    23 
3    36 
5    18 
5      9 
4    58 
4    43 
5      !> 
4      1 
1    11 

G    11 
6      0 
5    58 
6    18 
5    19 
5    23 
5      4 
5      7 
5    44 
6      5 
5    24 
6      4 
5    57 
2    32 
6    16 
5    41 
5    46 
5    28 
5      2 
5    30 
5    54 
6    13 
5    56 
6    17 
5    2(5 
6    14 
5    53 
6    21 
5    56 
5    52 
5    5!) 
5    18 
6      2 
5    22 
5    50 
6    23 
4    52 
6      7 
4    36 
6      9 
6      1 
5    55 
5    40 
6    10 
5      1 
2    20 

Sun-set 
6    53 
6    53 
Sun-set 
6    13 
6    25 
6      3 
6      6 
6    39 
6    58 
6    22 
6    55 
6    52 
3    38 
Sun-set 
6    35 
6    42 
6    26 
6      2 
6    26 
6    48 
Sun-set 
6    51 
Sun-set 
6    20 
Sun-set 
6    47 
Sun-set 
6    50 
6    46 
6    51 
6    14 
6    54 
6    21 
6    45 
Sun-set 
5    53 
Sun-set 
5    3(5 
6    59 
6    54 
6    51 
6    36 
Invis. 
6      1 
3    28 

10 
10* 

m 

9 
111 
Hi 
lli 
10 
10 
12 
91 
11 
6* 
9i 
10| 
9f 
10J 
11 
I0f 
11 
9i 

IH 

8£ 
9* 
9* 

n 

8i 
9* 

lot 

10i 

11* 
10i 

Hi 

9* 

.3 

11 
lu 

84- 
H* 
9f 
8 
10} 
8* 

S. 

s. 

S. 

s. 

N. 
S. 
N. 
S. 
S. 
S. 

s. 

s. 

N. 
S. 

s. 
s. 
s. 
s. 
s 

N. 
S. 

s. 
s. 

N. 
S. 

s. 

s. 
s. 

N. 
S. 

s. 
s. 

N. 
S. 

s. 
s. 

N. 
S. 
S. 
S. 
S. 
S. 
N. 
N. 
N. 

Philadelphia  
Baltimore  
Boston 

New  Orleans  

Cincinnati  
St.  Louis. 

Chicago 

Buftalo  
Newark,  N.  J  
Louisville  Ky 

Albany,  N.  Y  

Washington  
San  Francisco 

Providence  

Pittsburg  
Rochester.. 

Detroit  

Milwaukee  
Cleveland 

Charleston  

New  Haven  
Richmond. 

Lowell 

Mobile  
Hartford  

Syracuse 

Portland,  Me  
Utica 

Savannah  

Wilmington,  Del  
Indianapolis 

Trenton 

Nashville  
Oswego  
Ban  go  r  Me  . 

Dubuque  
Augusta,  Ga.. 

St  Paul   Minn 

Quebec  
Montreal  
Raleigh 

Toronto  

Havana,  Cuba  
Little  Rock 

Portland,  Oregon  

THE  ASTEROIDS, 

About  one  hundred  little  planets  called  Asteroids,  have  been  discovered,  whose  orbits  are 
between  Mars  and  Jupiter.  Every  year  new  discoveries  are  made  among  them,  and  soon  the 
number  will  doubtless  be  many  more.  Some  of  them  are  so  exceedingly  small,  that  it  might 
seem  inappropriate  to  call  them  jrtanets  or  worlds.  But  any  solid  body  having  an  whit,  if  it  be 
no  larger  than  a  cannon-ball,  is  entitled  to  rank  as  a  world.  A  vast  number  of  these  may  exist 
between  Mars  and  Jupiter,  which  will  never  be  discovered  because  of  their  littleness.  Indeed, 
this  may  be  said  of  all  the  inter-orbital  spaces  in  the  solar  system.  Asteroidal  bodies  appear  to 
be  revolving  around  the  Sun,  in  orbits  not  far  from  that  of  the  Earth.  Others,  also,  revolve 
around  the  Earth  like  the  Moon,  attending  our  planet  as  invisible  satellites.  The  Aerolitis,  or 
falling  masses  of  stones,  are  really  Asteroids,  whose  orbits  cross  the  Earth's  track,  or  else  wind 
spirally  inward,  as  a  consequence  of  the  Earth's  superior  attraction.  When  one  of  these  bodies 
and  the  Earth  approach  each  other,  at  the  intersection  of  their  orbits,  the  former  must  strike 
upon  the  Earth,  representing  a  miniature  collision  of  worlds. 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


15 


VERSED   SIXES  OF  THE  ILLUMINATED  Discs  OF  VENUS  AND  MARS. 


MONTHS. 

VENUS. 

Radius—  .500 

MARS. 

Radius=.500 

MONTHS. 

VENUS. 

Radius—  .600 

MA  US. 

Radius.  500 

January      15  
February   15  
March         15  
April          15  
May            15  
June           15  

0.886 
0.938 
0.972 
0.994 
0.999 
0.984 

0.964 
0.999 
0.962 
0.913 
0.897 
0.895 

July             15... 
August        15... 
September  15..  . 
October       15... 
November  15... 
December    15... 

0.948 
0.891 
0.818 
0.734 
0.628 
0.495 

0.907 
0.924 
0.943 
0.959 
0.974 
0.980 

Venus  will  exhibit  a  gibbous  phase,  until  December  13th,  except  about  the  9th  of  May,  when 
it  is  Full,  or  a  perfect  circle.  At  its  greatest  elongation,  December  13th,  it  shows  half  its  diam 
eter,  and  after  that  it  becomes  a  crescent.  Mars  is  always  gibbous,  except  when  Full,  being 
least  at  the  quadratures. 

PHASES  OF  VENUS. — DIRECT  IMAGE. 


The  disc  of  Venus  will  be  nearly  circular,  and  not  of  much  interest,  until  October.    It  be 
comes  a  crescent  after  the  13th  of  December. 


EVENING  STARS. 

Venus,  from  May  9th  to  the  end  of  the  year. 
Mars,  all  the  year. 

Jupiter,  until  April  17th,  and  after  Aug.  12th. 
Saturn,  from  March  7th  to  Dec.  llth. 


MORNING  STARS. 

Venus,  until  May  9th. 

Jupiter,  from  April  17th  to  Aug.  12th. 

Saturn,  until  March  7th. 

Mercury,  March  21st,  July  19th,  and  Nov.  7th. 


NOTB. — The  exterior  planets  are  regarded  as  Evening  Stars  from  their  western  quadrature 
to  conjunction  with  the  Sun,  and  as  Morning  Stars  from  conjunction  to- western  quadrature, 
rising  in  the  latter  case  between  midnight  and  sunrise.  The  interior  planets  are  Evening  Stars 
from  superior  conjunction  to  their  inferior  conjunction,  and  then  Morning  Stars  to  superior 
conjunction.  Venus  does  not  reach  the  inferior  conjunction  this  year,  but  it  runs  rapidly  to  it 
after  its  greatest  elongation  east,  Dec.  13th,  being  about  this  time  very  beautiful. 


10 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


EPHEMERIS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  PLANETS, 

phowing  their  Declination  at  transit,  and  time  of  transit,  over  the  Meridian  of  Washington, 
and  their  rising  arid  setting  at  night  for  the  latitude  of  Washington.  The  rising  of  Uranus 
may  be  found  very  nearly  by  subtracting  7h.  19m.  from  its  meridian  passage,  and  its  setting 
by  adding  7h.  19m. 


DAT  or 

?    VENUS. 

$    MARS. 

2f  JUPITER. 

*f    SATURN. 

•Jfl  URANUS. 

MOUTH. 

Deo'l. 

In 

Merid. 

Rises. 

Deo'l. 

In 

Merid. 

Rises. 

Dec'l. 

In 
Merid. 

Sets. 

Deo>1-  i  Merid. 

Rises. 

Dec'l. 

Merid. 



South. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

North. 

Morn. 

Even. 

North. 

Even. 

Even. 

South. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

North. 

Morn. 

»      / 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

0      / 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

•      / 

H.  M.!H.  M. 

•>      / 

H.  M. 

H.  M.        •      '  ill.  M. 

Jan.     1 

20  38 

9  50 

5    O1 

13    0    3  47    9    1 

1  17    5  38  11  43 

20  41    9  58    5    8    22  59J  0  24 

4 

21  14 

9  54 

5    7    13    5    3  36 

8  50 

1  25    5  28  11  83  !  20  43    9  47 

4  57!  23    0    0  11 

"       7 

21  451  9  58 

5  13!  |13  12 

3  24 

8  38 

1  .35    5  17  11  23  |20  45    9  37 

4  47    23    1    £ve». 

"     10 

2&  10 

10    2 

5  18 

13  22 

3  12 

8  26 

1  45 

5    7.11  14 

20  48    9  26 

4  36 

23    1  11  43 

"     13 

2-2  2!) 

10    7 

5  25 

13  34 

2  59 

8  11 

1  55 

4  57  H    4 

20  50 

9  16 

4  26     23    3!11  31 

"     16 

2-2  42 

10  11 

5  30     13  49 

2  46 

7  58 

2    6 

4  46  10  53 

20  52 

9    5 

4  16    23    3  11  18 

"      19 

22  49 

10  15 

5  34 

14    6 

2  32 

7  43 

2  17 

4  36  10  44  j 

20  54 

855 

4    6 

23    4  11    6 

"     22 

22  50 

10  20 

5  39 

14  25 

2  18 

7  27 

2  29 

4  26  10  35  ! 

20  56 

8  44 

3  55 

23    5  10  54 

"     25 

22  44 

10  24 

5  43! 

14  46 

2    4 

7  12 

2  41 

4  16:10  26  1 

20  57 

8  33 

3  44 

23    6  10  41 

"     28 

22  33  10  28 

5  47 

15    9 

1  49 

6  56 

254 

4  e!io  16 

20  59    8  23 

3  34 

23    7;iO  29 

Feb.    1 

22    7 

10  33 

5  49! 

15  41 

1  28 

6  33 

3  11 

3  53!lO    4 

21    1 

8    8 

3  19 

23    8  10  13 

1       4 

21  42 

10  38 

5  53! 

16    6 

1  12 

6  19 

3  24 

3  43    9  55 

21    2 

7  57 

3    8    23    8ilO    0 

7 

21  10!lO  42 

5  54: 

16  32 

0  56 

5  58 

3  38 

3  38  1  9  46 

21    3 

7  47 

2  58 

23    9 

9  48 

'     10 

20  32 

10  46 

5  56  ! 

16  57 

0  40 

5  40 

3  52 

3  24 

9  37 

21    4 

7  36 

2  47  |  23    9 

9  36 

'      13 

19  49 

10  50 

5  58 

17  22 

0  23 

5  21 

4    6 

3  14 

9  28 

21    5 

7  25 

2  36    23  10 

9  24 

'      16 

19    1 

10  54 

5  58  | 

17  45 

0    7 

5    3 

4  21 

3    5 

9  20  i 

21    6 

7  14 

2  25  !  23  10 

9  12 

u      19 

18    8 

10  57 

5  58 

18  14    Even. 

Sets. 

4  36 

2  55 

9  10 

21    7 

7    3 

2  14 

23  11 

9    0 

"      22    17  10 

11    0 

5  58  i 

18  33  11  29 

Morn. 

4  51 

2  46 

9    8 

21    8 

6  52 

2    3 

23  11 

8  47 

"      25    16    8 

11    4 

5  58| 

18  50  11  18 

6   20 

5    6 

2  36 

8  53 

21    8|  6  40 

1  51   |  23  12 

8  35 

"      28    15    2 

11    7 

5  57! 

19    4  10  57 

6    5 

5  21 

2  27 

8  45 

21    9    6  29 

1  40  j  23  12 

8  23 

March  1    14  39 

11    7 

5  57 

19    9ilO  52 

6    0 

5  26 

2  24 

8  42 

21    9    6  25 

1  36  !  !  23  12 

8  19 

4    13  27 

11  10 

5  55 

19  20  '10  36 

5  45 

5  42 

2  14 

8  33 

21    9 

6  14 

1  95    23  12 

8    7 

7 

12  13 

11  13 

5  53) 

19  28 

10  21 

5  31 

5  57 

2    5 

8  25 

21  10 

6    3 

1  14    23  13 

7  55 

"     10 

10  56 

11  15 

551! 

19  34 

10    7 

5  17 

6  13 

1  56 

817 

21  10 

5  51 

1    2 

23  13 

7  43 

"     13 

9  35 

11  18 

5  49! 

19  37 

9  53 

5    3 

6  29 

1  46 

8    8 

21  10 

540 

0  51 

23  13 

7  31 

"     16 

8  13 

11  20 

5  47! 

19  38 

9  39 

4  49 

6  45 

1  37 

8    0 

21  10 

5  28 

0  39 

23  13 

7  20 

"      19 

6  49 

11  22 

5  44; 

19  37 

9  26 

4  36 

7    1 

1  28 

7  51 

21  10 

5  17 

0  28 

23  13 

7    8 

"     22 

5  23 

11  24 

5  41  j 

19  34 

9  13 

4  23 

7  17 

1  19 

7  43 

21  10 

5    5 

0  16 

23  13 

6  56 

»'     25 

3  55 

11  26 

5  39 

19  28 

9    1 

4  11 

7  33 

1  10 

7  35 

21    9 

4  53 

0    4 

23  13 

6  44 

"     28 

2  27 

11  28 

5  36 

19  21 

849 

3  58 

7  49 

1    0 

7  26 

21    9 

4  42 

Even. 

23  13 

6  33 

April  1 

0  28 

11  29 

5  31  ! 

19    8 

8  34 

3  42 

8  10 

0  48 

7  15 

21    9 

4  26 

11  33 

23  12 

6  17 

4 

N.61 

11  32 

5  29 

18  56 

8  23 

3  30 

8  26 

0  39 

7    7j 

21    8 

4  14 

11  21 

23  12 

6    5 

"       7 

2  31 

11  34 

5  26 

18  43 

8  13 

3  19 

8  42 

0  30 

6  59  I 

21     8 

4    2 

11    9 

1  23  12 

5  54 

"     10 

4    0 

11  35 

5  22 

18  28 

8    3 

3    9 

8  58 

0  21 

6  51; 

21     7 

3  50  10  57 

23  11 

5  42 

"     13 

5  28 

11  37 

5  19 

18  12 

753 

2  57 

9  14 

0  12 

6  43 

21    6 

3  38  10  45 

23  11 

5  31 

"     16 

6  55  11  39 

5  16 

1754 

7  44 

2  48 

9  29 

0    3 

6  35 

21    5 

3  25  10  32 

23  11 

5  19 

"     19 

8  21 

11  41 

5  14 

17  35 

7  35 

2  37 

9  45 

Morn. 

Rises. 

21     5 

3  13 

10  20 

23  10 

5    8 

"     22 

9  46 

11  43 

5  11 

17  14 

7  26 

2  27 

10    0 

11  45 

Morn.    1 

21    4 

3    1 

10    8 

123  10 

4  56 

.  "     25 

11    8.11  45 

5    9 

16  53 

7  17 

2  17 

10  16 

11  35 

5    1 

21     3 

2  48 

9  55 

23    9 

445 

"     28 

1228 

11  48 

5    7 

16  30 

7    9 

2    7 

10  31 

11  26 

4  51! 

21     2 

2  36 

9  43 

23    8 

4  33 

May     1 

18  45:11  50 

5    4 

16    6 

7    1 

1  58 

10  46 

11  17 

4  41! 

21    0 

2  24 

9  31 

23    8 

4  22 

4 

14  59 

11  53 

5    8 

15  41 

6  53 

1  48 

11    1 

11    8 

4  31 

20  59 

2  11 

9  18 

23    7 

4  11 

"       7 

16  10 

11  55 

5    11 

15  15 

6  45 

1  38 

11  15 

10  59 

4  21 

20  58 

1  59 

9    6 

23    6 

3  59 

"     10 

17  17 

11  58 

5    0| 

14  48 

6  37 

1  29 

11  30 

10  50 

4  11 

20  57 

1  46 

8  53  | 

23    5 

3  48 

"      13 

18  20 

Even. 

Sets,    i 

14  19 

6  30 

1  20 

11  44 

10  41 

4    1 

20  56 

1  33 

8  40 

23    5 

3  37 

"      16 

19  19 

0    5 

Even. 

13  50 

6  23 

1  11 

11  58  10  32 

3  52 

20  54 

1  21 

8  28 

23    4 

3  26 

"      19 

20  13 

0    8 

717, 

13  20 

6  16 

1    2 

12  12  10  23 

3  42 

20  53 

1    8 

8  15 

23    3 

3  14 

"     22 

21    3 

0  12 

7  24 

12  48 

6    9 

0  54 

12  25 

10  13 

3  31 

20  52 

0  55 

8    2 

23    2 

3    3 

"     25 

21  47 

0  15 

7  30 

12  16 

6    2 

0  45 

12  39 

10    4 

3  22 

20  50 

0  43 

7  50 

23    1 

2  52 

."     28 

22  25 

0  19 

7  371 

11  43 

5  55 

0  36 

12  52    9  55 

3  12 

20  49 

0  30 

7  37 

23    0 

2  41 

June   1 

M    8 

0  24 

7  44 

10  57 

5  46 

0  25 

13    9    9  43 

2  59 

20  47 

0  13 

7  20 

22  58 

2  26 

4 

23  33 

0  29 

7  51 

10  22 

5  40 

0  16 

13  21 

9  34 

2  49 

20  45 

Even, 

Set*. 

22  57 

2  15 

"       7 

23  51 

0  33 

7  58 

9  46 

5  .33 

0    9 

13  33 

9  24 

2  39 

20  44  11  43 

Morn. 

22  56 

2    4 

"     10 

24    4 

0  37 

8    1 

9    9 

5   27     Even. 

13  45    9  15i  2  29 

20  43;  11  31 

4  25 

22  55 

1  53 

"     13 

24  10 

0  41 

8    5 

8  31 

5  21 

11  48 

13  57    9    6    2  19 

20  41  111  18 

4  12 

22  54 

1  42 

"     16  j 

24    9 

0  46 

8  10 

7  53    5  15 

11  40 

14    8    8  56    2    9: 

20  40'll    5 

3  59 

22  52 

1  31 

"     19 

24    2 

0  50 

8  14 

7  14 

5    9,11  31 

14  19 

8  47    1  58  i 

20  39  10  53    3  47 

22  51 

1  20 

"     22 

23  49 

0  54 

8  18 

6  34 

5    3  11  24 

14  30    8  37    1  48  1 

20  38  10  40  1  3  34 

22  50 

1    9 

"     25! 

23  29 

0  58 

8  20 

5  54 

4  57  11  16     14  40    8  28    1  37  ! 

20  36  10  27    3  21  II  22  49 

0  57 

"    28: 

23    3 

1    3    8  23 

5  13    4  51  11    7;   14  50    8  18    1  28    20  35  10  15    3    9    22  47    0  46 

1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


17 


EPIIEMERIS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  PLANETS, 

showing  their  Declination  at  transit,  and  time  of  transit,  over  the  Meridian  of  "Washington, 
and  their  rising  and  setting  at  night  for  the  latitude  of  Washington.  The  rising  of  Uranus 
may  be  found  very  nearly  by  subtracting  7h.  19m.  from  its  meridian  passage,  and  its  setting 
bv  adding  7h.  19m. 


DAT  or 
MONTH. 

?  VENUS. 

$   MARS. 

U  JUPITER. 

^  SATURN. 

i^I  URANUS. 

Dec>1-  ;  Merid. 

„  | 

Deo'l. 

In 
Merid. 

Sets. 

Dec'l. 

In 
Merid. 

Rises. 

Dec'l. 

In 
Merid. 

Sets. 

Dec'l. 

Merid. 

;  North.  ,  Even. 

Even. 

North.   Even.   Even. 

North. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

South. 

Even. 

Morn.  |  North. 

Even. 

°   /  H.  M. 

H.  M. 

0   / 

H.  M.  H.  M. 

0   / 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

0   / 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

°   / 

TT.  M. 

July  1 

22  81  j  1  7 

8  25 

4  32 

4  46  10  59 

14  59 

8  9 

1  18 

20  33 

10  2 

2  56  22  46  0  32 

4  21  53  1  10 

8  2(5 

3  49 

4  39  10  51 

15  8 

7  59 

1  8  i  20  33 

9  49 

243 

22  45  0  24 

7  i  21  10  1  14 

8  27 

3  6 

4  34  10  43 

15  17 

7  49 

0  ^fi  i  "^0  *^*^ 

9  37 

2  31 

•>•>  43  0  13 

"   10  I  20  21  !  1  17 
'   13  19  26  .  1  21 

8  27 
8  27 

2  23  4  28  10  35 
1  39  4  22  10  27 

15  26 
15  34 

7  39 
7  30 

0  47 
0  37 

20  32 
20  31 

9  24 
9  12 

2  18  122  42  0  2 

2  6   22  40  Morn. 

'   16  118  27  1  24 

8  27 

0  55  4  1710  19  |15  42 

7  20 

0  27 

20  31 

9  0 

1  54 

22  39  11  40 

'   19 

17  241  1  27 

8  2(5 

N.  10  4  11110  11  15  49 

7  10 

0  17 

20  30 

8  47 

1  41 

22  37  11  29 

'   22 

1  16  16!  1  30 

8  25 

S.  35  4  6  10  3  15  56 

7  0 

0  6 

20  30 

8  35 

1  29 

22  3(5  11  18 

'   25 

i!5  51  32  8  22 

1  20!  4  l|  9  56;|  16  2 

6  49 

Even. 

20  30 

8  23 

1  17 

22  35  11  7 

"   28 

13  50:  1  35 

8  20 

2  5!  3  55 

9  48  i  i  16  8 

6  39 

11  42 

20  29 

8  111  1  5 

22  33  10  56 

Aug.  1 

112  4|  1  38 

8  18 

3  6 

3  49 

9  38  i  16  16 

6  25 

11  27 

20  30 

7  55 

0  49 

'22  31  10  42 

"   4 

10  42;  1  40 

8  15 

3  51 

3  43 

9  30  1  1  16  21 

6  15 

11  17 

120  30 

7  43 

0  37 

122  30:10  30 

7 

9  17  1  41 

8  11 

4  37 

3  38 

9  22  j  16  26 

6  5 

11  6 

20  30!  7  31 

0  25 

22  28  10  19 

"   10 

7  50  1  43 

8  8 

5  23 

3  33 

9  15 

16  30 

5  54 

10  55  1  20  30 

7  19 

0  13 

22  27  10  8 

"   13 

6  21  1  1  45 

8  5 

6  9 

3  29 

9  8 

16  34 

5  43 

10  44  20  31 

7  7 

0  1 

22  26 

9  57 

"   16 

4  51 

1  46 

8  2 

6  55 

3  24 

9  1 

16  38 

5  32 

10  33  20  32 

6  55 

Even. 

22  24 

9  46 

il   19 

3  20 

1  48 

7  59 

7  41 

3  19 

8  53 

16  41 

5  21 

10  21  1  20  32 

6  43 

11  34 

2:>  2:; 

9  35 

"  22 

1  47 

1  49 

7  55 

8  26 

3  14 

845 

16  43 

5  10 

10  10  !  !  20  33 

6  32 

11  23  22  22 

9  24 

"   25 

0  14  1  51 

7  52 

9  11 

3  10 

8  39 

16  45 

4  59 

9  59  I  20  34 

6  20 

11  11 

22  21 

9  13 

"   28 

S.  79  1  52 

7  48 

9  57 

3  5 

8  32  16  47 

4  48 

9  48 

20  36 

6  9 

11  0 

22  19 

9  1 

Sept,  1 

3  23  {  1  54 

7  43 

10  56 

2  59 

8  22  1  16  48 

4  33 

9  33 

20  37 

5  53 

10  44 

22  18 

8  46 

'•   4 

4  55  1  55 

7  39 

11  40 

2  55 

8  16  16  49 

4  21 

9  21 

20  39 

5  42 

10  33 

(22  17 

8  35 

7 

6  27  1  57 

7  36 

12  24 

2  51 

8  9  !  16  49 

4  10 

9  11 

20  40 

5  31 

10  22 

22  16 

8  24 

"   10 

7  58!  1  58 

7  32 

13  7 

2  46 

8  2  16  49 

3  58 

8  59 

20  42 

5  19 

10  10 

I  22  15 

8  13 

"   13 

9  27  1  59 

7  27 

13  49 

2  42 

7  55  1  !  16  48 

3  46 

8  47 

20  44 

5  8 

9  58 

i  22  14 

8  "1 

"   16 

10  55 

2  1 

7  25 

14  31 

2  38 

7  49  j  16  47 

3  34 

8  3o 

20  45  1  4  57 

9  47 

22  13 

7  50 

"   19 

12  20 

2  3 

7  22 

15  12 

2  35 

7  44 

16  45 

3  22 

8  23 

20  47 

4  46 

9  36 

2212 

7  39 

"   22 

i  13  43 

2  5 

7  19 

15  52 

2  31 

7  37 

16  43 

3  10 

8  11 

20  49 

4  35 

9  25 

22  11 

7  27 

"   25 

15  3 

2  7 

7  17 

16  32 

2  27 

7  32 

16  40 

2  57 

7  58 

20  51 

4  24 

9  14 

22  10 

7  16 

"   28 

16  20 

2  9 

7  14 

17  10 

2  24 

7  26' 

16  37 

2  45 

7  46 

20  53 

4  13 

9  3 

22  10 

7  4 

Oct.  1 

17  34 

2  11 

7  12 

17  47 

2  20 

720 

16  34 

2  32 

7  32 

20  50 

4  2 

8  52 

22  9 

6  53 

4 

18  44 

2  14 

7  10 

18  23 

2  17 

7  14 

16  30 

2  20 

7  20 

20  58 

3  51 

8  41 

22  8 

6  41 

"   7 

19  50 

2  16 

7  8  1  1  18  58 

2  13 

7  8 

16  25 

2  7 

7  7 

21  0 

3  40 

8  30 

22  8 

6  30 

"   10 

20  52 

2  19 

7  7  1  1  19  32 

2  10 

7  3 

16  21 

1  54 

6  54 

21  2 

3  29 

8  19 

22  8 

6  18 

•'   13 

21  48 

2  22 

7  7 

20  4 

2  7 

6  59 

16  16 

1  41 

6  42 

21  5 

3  19 

8  9 

22  7 

6  7 

"   16 

!  22  40 

2  25 

7  6 

20  .35 

2  4 

6  54 

16  10 

1  28 

6  29 

21  7!  3  8 

7  58 

22  7 

5  55 

"   19 

!  23  27 

2  28 

7  6 

21  4 

2  1 

6  49 

16  5 

1  15 

6  16 

21  10 

2  57 

7  47  22  7 

5  43 

"   22 

24  8 

2  31 

7  7 

21  31 

1  59 

6  45 

15  59 

1  2 

6  4 

21  12 

2  47 

7  37 

22  7 

5  32 

"   25 

24  43 

2  35 

7  7 

21  57 

1  56 

6  40 

15  53 

0  48 

5.50 

21  14 

2  36 

7  25 

J22  7 

5  20 

"   28 

25  12 

2  38 

7  91 

22  21 

1  53 

6  35 

15  46 

0  35 

5  38 

21  17 

2  26 

7  15 

22  7 

5  8 

Nov.  1 

25  42 

243 

7  12  I 

22  50 

1  50 

6  81 

15  38 

0  17 

5  20 

21  20i  2  12 

7  0 

22  7 

4  52 

4 

25  56 

2  47 

7  14 

23  9 

1  48 

6  27 

15  31 

Even. 

Sets. 

21  22 

2  1 

6  50 

22  7 

4  41 

"   7  26  5  2  50 

7  17 

23  27 

1  46 

6  23 

15  22 

11  46 

Morn. 

21  25 

1  51 

6  38 

22  8 

4  29 

"  10  |26  6  2  54 

7  21 

23  43 

1  43 

6  20  15  15 

11  32 

6  28 

21  27 

1  40 

6  27 

22  8 

4  17 

"•   13  i  i  26  2 

2  57 

7  24 

23  55 

1  41 

6  17  ||  15  9 

11  19 

6  14 

21  30 

1  30 

6  17 

22  8 

4  5 

"   16  i!  25  51 

3  0 

7  28 

24  6 

1  39 

6  15 

15  2 

11  6 

6  1 

21  32 

1  19 

6  6 

22  9 

3  53 

"   19  i  25  134 

3  4 

7  34 

24  15 

1  37 

6  12 

14  56 

10  52  5  46 

21  34 

1  9 

5  56 

i  22  10 

3  41 

"   22  i  25  11 

3  7 

7  38 

24  21 

1  35 

6  9 

14  49  10  39!  5  33 

21  36 

059 

5  46 

22  10 

3  29 

"   25  24  42 

3  9 

7  41  24  25 

1  34 

6  8 

14  43  10  261  5  20 

21  39 

0  48 

5  35 

22  11 

3  17 

"   28  1  24  8 

8  12 

7  48  1  24  27 

1  32 

6  6| 

14  38 

10  13 

5  6 

21  41 

0  38 

5  24 

22  12 

3  5 

Dec.  1  i  23  28 

3  14 

7  52  !  1  24  26 

1  30 

6  4 

14  32 

9  59 

4  52 

21  43 

0  28 

5  14 

22  13 

2  52 

4 

!22  44 

3  16 

7  57 

24  22 

1  28 

6  2  14  37 

9  46 

4  39 

21  45 

0  18 

5  4 

22  14 

2  40 

"   7 

21  55 

3  17 

8  1 

24  16 

1  26 

6  1 

14  23 

9  34 

4  27 

21  47 

0  8 

4  54 

22  15 

2  28 

"  10 

21  1 

3  18 

8  6 

24  8 

1  25 

6  0 

14  19 

9  21 

4  12 

21  49 

Morn. 

Rises. 

22  16 

2  16 

"   13 

20  4 

3  19 

8  11 

23  57 

1  23 

5  59 

14  15 

9  8 

4  0 

21  50 

11  47 

Morn. 

22  17 

2  4 

"   16 

19  3 

3  19 

8  15 

23  44  1  21 

5  57 

14  12 

8  55 

8  46 

21  52 

11  36! 

6  51 

22  18 

1  51 

"  19 

17  59 

3  19 

8  18 

23  28 

1  19 

5  57 

14  10 

8  43 

8  34 

21  54 

11  26 

6  41 

22  19 

1  39 

"  22 

16  53 

3  18 

8  21 

23  10 

1  18 

5  57  |  14  8 

8  30 

3  21 

21  55 

11  16i 

6  31 

22  20 

1  27 

"  25 

15  44 

3  17 

8  24 

22  50 

1  16 

5  57  14  7 

8  18 

8  9 

21  57 

11  6l 

6  21 

22  21 

1  14 

"   28 

14  34  3  16  8  28  22  27 

1  14 

5  56  1  [  14  6  8  6  2  57 

21  58  10  55 

6  10 

22  22 

1  2 

18  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

THE  SUN'S  DECLINATION  FOR  WASHINGTON  APPARENT  NOON. 


January. 
South. 

February. 

South. 

March. 
South. 

April.     |      May. 
North.     |     North. 

June. 

North. 

July. 
North. 

August. 
North. 

Sept'ber. 

North. 

October. 

South. 

Nov'ber. 
South. 

Decemb'r. 

South. 

22  57  50 

1656   3 

722   3 

445   7151411 

22   749 

23   528 

175437 

8   635 

323   9 

14  36  41  '21  54  15 

225222  163839 

659   9 

589  1532   4  221536 

23   1    2'  17  39  13i   74439    3402014554222    3   9 

22  46  28  10  20  58 

6  36  10 

531    7154941222259 

22  50  13;17  23  32    7  22  37;  4   9  40  15  14  28  22  11  3S 

2240   5  16   259 

613   5 

55358  16   7   4  222959 

2251    0!17    734    7   027'   432521533   0221940 

223316^154444 

5  49  55 

61643  102410  2230%  224522  1651  19    63810'  456   0,1551  10  22  2717 

2226   11152613 

5  26  39 

6  39  22  10  41    0 

224247 

223921  163448 

61547 

519   510   91(5223427 

22  18  18  15   7  26 

5   320 

7   155  105734 

22  48  30  j  22  32  57  1018   0 

55317 

542   5  1027   0,2241  11 

22  10   9  14  48  24 

43956 

72420  171351 

2254   1 

2220   9  16   057 

53041 

651 

16  44  27  22  47  27 

21   135 

1429   7 

4  16  29 

74638172950 

2259   1 

22  18  58 

15  43  39 

580 

6  27  52 

17   1  37  22  53  17 

21  52  34 

14   935 

35258 

8   848  174532 

23   338 

221123 

1526   5 

44514 

6  50  38 

171830  22  5840 

2143   8 

134949 

3  29  25 

8  30  50  18   0  57 

23   750 

22   320 

15   817 

4  22  23 

7  13  19 

1735   4 

23    335 

21  33  17 

132950 

3   549 

8  52  43  18  1  6    3  ;  23  1  1  38  21  55    0 

14  50  14 

3  59  27 

7  ,35  53 

17  51  21 

23    8   3 

2123   0 

13   937 

24211 

91428  183051  2315   1 

21  40  24 

14  31  56 

3  36  27 

75821 

18   718 

2312   3 

211219 

124912 

21832 

936   3  184520  231759 

21  37  19 

141325 

31324    82042 

182257 

23  15  36 

20   114 

12  28  34 

1  54  51 

9  57  29  18  59  30 

232033212752 

135441 

250101  84257 

18  38  15 

23  18  40 

20  49  44 

12   744 

131   9 

101845  191321 

232242 

2118   3 

13  35  43 

227   6    953  185315 

23  21  17 

203751 

11  46  43 

1    726 

103951  192653 

23  24  26 

21    752 

131632 

2   353 

927   2 

19   753 

23  23  25 

202534 
19  12  54 

112531 
11    4   8 

04344 
020   2 

11   0  46  19  40   4  23  25  40  20  57  20 
11  21  30  19  52  50  23  20  41  ,  20  40  27 

1259   9 
123734 

14037    94852 
11719I101034 

192212 
1936   9 

2325   6 
232618 

19  59  52 

10  42  35 

N.  340 

11  42   3  20   5  27 

23  27  11 

203513 

121740 

053591032   7 

194945 

2327   2 

194627 

10  20  52 

S.  27  21 

12   2  24  20  17  37 

23  27  16  20  23  38 

115747 

03038105331 

20   259 

23  27  17 

193240 

959    0 

051    1 

12  22  34  20  29  27 

23  26  56 

201143 

11  37  30 

N.  7  15  11  14  44 

201551 

2327   4 

191831 

9  36  58 

1  14  38 

124231  204056 

23  26  11 

19  59  27 

11  17  15 

S.16   8  113548 

20  28  21 

23  26  23 

18   4   2 

9  14  49 

1  38  14 

13   2162052   3 

2325   2 

19  46  51 

10  56  43 

03932  115041 

204028 

23  25  14 

184911 
1834   0 

85230 

830   4 

2   148 
2  25  18 

13  21  47  21    2  49;23  23  28  1!)  :'.:',  56 
13  41    6  21  13  13123  21  29  19  20  41 

1030   0 
1015   7 

1    257J121723 
1  20  21  12  37  54 

20  52  13 
21    333 

23  23  36 
23  21  31 

18  18  29 

8   731 

24846 

14   0  11  21  23  15  23  19   6 

19   7   7 

954  4 

1  49  45 

125814 

21  14  30 

231857 

17   238 

74450 

3  12  10 

1419   2213255231618 

185314 

9  32  52 

213   8 

131821 

2125   3 

23  15  55 

17  46  27 

3  35  31 

14  37  39  21  42  12  23  13   0 

1839   2 

91131 

2  36  30  :  13  38  10 

21  3512 

23  12  24 

172958 

3  58  47 

14  56   2  21  51    7  23   9  29 

182432 

850   1 

25950^135758 

21  44  56 

23    826 

17  13  10 

422   0 

:21  59401  

18   943 

8  28  22 

[141726 

23    4   1 

.ECLIPSES  OF  JUPITER'S  MOONS  FOR  1869. — VISIBLE  AT  WASHINGTON. 


DATE. 

Sat. 

Time. 

Phase. 

DATE. 

Sat. 

Tim, 

Phase. 

DATE. 

No. 
Sat. 

Time. 

Phase. 

Jan.   2 

I 

"7  20  15.1  Ev. 

Em. 

Sept.  2 

I 

4  35  mi  Mo. 

Im. 

Nov.  1 

II 

112*6'  40S.8Ev. 

Im. 

"      3 

II 

8   925.9Ev. 

Im. 

3 

] 

11    336.0Ev.  Im. 

"      3 

I 

3  15  14.4  Mo. 

Im. 

"      311 

10  30  14.5  Ev. 

Em. 

0 

11 

2  40  53.6  Mo.  Im. 

"      4 

I 

944    0.2Ev. 

Im. 

"      7 

III 

10  40  23.1  Ev. 

Im. 

6 

II 

4  56  13.0  Mo. 

Em. 

"      4 

III 

1141  14.0  Ev. 

Im. 

"      9 

I 

916    7.4  Ev. 

Em. 

11 

1 

0  57  29.8  Mo.  Im. 

"      9 

II 

4  17  33.4  Mo. 

Em. 

I 

5  40  51.  4  Ev. 

Em. 

13 

If 

5    4  55.8  Mo.  Im. 

"    12 

I 

1  40  36.  7  Mo. 

Em. 

u    25 

I 

7  36  35.9  Ev.   Em. 

15 

111 

9  24  42.6  Ev.   Em. 

"    12 

III 

5  30  11.9  Mo. 

Em. 

"    28 

II 

7  38  57.8  Ev. 

Em. 

18 

I 

251  28.5  Mo. 

Im. 

"    13 

I 

815  19.8  Ev. 

Em. 

Feb.lOil 
"    12  III 

5  56  47.1  Ev.   Em. 
65411.4Ev.   Im. 

19 

22 

I 

III 

9  20    2.4  Ev. 
11  34  30.8  Ev. 

Im. 
Im. 

"     19 
"     19 

I 
II 

341  48.4  Mo.  Em. 
811    0.8Ev.   Em. 

U         JIJ 

I 

7  52  14.9  Ev. 

Kin. 

23 

III 

124  44.8  Mo. 

Em. 

"    20 

I 

10  10  33.0  Ev. 

Em. 

Mar.  1  II 

7  26  11.  4  Ev.  lEm. 

23  II 

9  10  34.8  Ev. 

Im. 

"    26 

II 

10  46  37.  2  Ev. 

Em. 

"      5 

I 

611  88.6  Ev.  lEm.  | 

25  I 

4  45  33.3  Mo. 

Im. 

"    281 

0    5  55.6  Mo. 

Em. 

June  2 

I 

356    0.1  Mo. 

Im. 

26 

I 

11  14    8.7  Ev.   Im. 

"    29 

f 

63451.0Ev. 

Em. 

July   311 

310   4.0  Mo.  Im. 

30 

III 

335    0.0  Mo.  Ilm. 

Dec.  4 

II 

1  22  15.1  Mo.  Em. 

H*         /; 

D 

III 

326a5.2Mo.iIm.    j 

30 

[I] 

5  24  45.7  Mo.  |  Em. 

u      5 

I 

2    125.  7  Mo. 

Em. 

"     11 

I 

2  22  12.4  Mo.  ilm.    I 

30 

II 

11  40  22.7  Ev.  Hm. 

"      6 

I 

8  30  22.9  Ev. 

Em. 

"    27 

I 

038    1.3  Mo.  Im. 

Oct.   4 

I 

1    821.7Mo.|Im. 

"    10 

III 

7  49  27.8  Ev. 

Im. 

'•    29 

II 

2  35  20.9  Mo.  Em. 

8 

11 

222    5.7  Mo.  ilm. 

"    10  III 

9  36  40.0  Ev. 

Em. 

Aug.  3 

I 

231  42.9  Mo.  ilm. 

11 

I 

3    2  42.0  Mo.  Im. 

"    131 

1026    2.1  Ev. 

Em. 

'       5 

II 

2  56  33.1  Mo.  ilm. 

12  r 

9  31  10.2  Ev.   Im. 

"  niiii 

1151  Sl.lEv. 

Im. 

"    11 

III 

1  28  58.8  Mo.  1  Em. 

15  ill 

4  57  44.3  Mo. 

Im. 

"    18 

III 

1  38  41.1  Mo. 

Em. 

"    18 

III 

3  30  35.9  Mo.  Im. 

18 

I 

4  57  10.0  Mo.  Jim. 

"    21 

I 

0  21  47.4  Mo. 

Em. 

"    19 

I 

047  35.1  Mo.  ;Im. 

19 

I 

11  25  40.9  Ev.  |lm. 

"    21 

II 

7  51  28.0  Ev. 

Em. 

'•    22 

II 

11  43  49.5  Ev.   Em. 

25 

II 

851  10.0  Ev.  ilm. 

"    22 

6  50  41.  9  Ev. 

Em. 

"    26 

I 

241  21.  2  Mo.  Im.     1          27 

I        1  20  20.0  Mo.  Im. 

"    28 

II 

10  27  13.6  Ev. 

Em. 

"    30 

II 

0    443.5Mo.Im.               28  III     7  39  30.3  Ev.   Im. 

"    29 

I 

8  46  32.8  Ev. 

Em. 

"    30 

II 

220    5.1  Mo.  Em.    !          28|l 

749    9.4  Ev.   Im.     ! 

NOTE. — The  above  table  includes  only  those  eclipses  which  occur  when  the  Sun  is  more  than 
8°  below,  and  Jupiter  more  than  8°  above  the  horizon  of  Washington,  all  other  eclipses  occur- 


1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


19 


ring  when  Jupiter  is  below  the  horizon,  or  else  in  the  daytime,  or  too  near  the  Sun  to  be  visi 
ble.  Jupiter1?  Satellites  are  not  visible  from  March  10th  to  May  18th,  Jupiter  being  too  near 
the  Sun.  Before  the  opposition  of  Jupiter  to  the  Sun,  Nov.  8th,  the  Immersions  and  the 
Emersions  happen  on  the  ivestern  side  of  the  planet ;  but  after  the  opposition  these  phases 
occur  on  the  eastern  side.  These  eclipses  arc  seen  only  with  the  aid  of  a  glass,  and  if  it  be  an 
inverting  telescope,  the  positions  will  be  reversed.  Im.  denotes  the  immersion  or  disappear 
ance  of  the  satellite  by  entering  into  the  shadow  of  Jupiter,  and  Em.  denotes  its  reappear 
ance  at  coming  out  of  the  shadow.  The  eclipses  in  the  table  are  visible  very  generally  in  all 
the  United  States,  and  to  find  the  time  of  their  occurrence  at  other  places  than  Washington, 
add  the  longitude  in  time  when  east  of  Washington  and  subtract  it  for  places  west.  See  the 
table  of  Latitudes  and  Longitudes. 

A  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  MOON'S  PLACE,  on  LONGITUDE, 

at  7  P.  M.,  Washington  mean  time.  The  Constellation,  and  not  the  Sign,  is  given.  The  decrees 
given  show  how  far  the  moon  has  advanced  into  the  constellation.  To  find  the  Sign,  add  30'. 


g        January. 

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March.         April. 

May. 

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Sept'ber. 

October. 

Nov'ber. 

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CONSTELLATIONS  AND  SIGNS  OF  THE  ZODIAC. 


1. 

2. 
8. 

T 

y 

n 

Aries. 
Taurus1. 
Gemini. 

4.  £3  Cancer. 
5.  ft  Leo. 
6.  TTJI  Virgo. 

OCCULTATIONS 

7. 
8. 
9. 

OF  REGUI 

=£=  Libra.                       10.  \3 
TIL  Scorpio.                   11.  AXV 
t  Sagittarius.             12.  }£ 

-us'  AND  ALDEBARAN. 

Capricornus. 
Aquarius. 
Pisces. 

STAB. 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Date. 

Immersion. 

Emersion. 

Date. 

Immersion. 

Emersion. 

a  Leonis  (Re<rulus). 
a  Taiu-i  (Aldebaran), 

a  Lf-onis  (Romulus), 

Jan.     29 
Feb.     20* 
March  25 

H.  M. 

3  50  Mo. 
1  34  Mo. 
2  28  Mo. 

H.  M. 

4  56  Mo. 
2  24  Mo. 
3  18  Mo. 

Jan.     28 
Feb.     19 
March  24 

H.  M. 

11  50  Ev. 
10  39  Ev. 
10  42  Ev. 

H.  M. 

Ot  32  Mo. 
11  14  Ev. 
11  4(5  Ev. 

*This  occultation  is  not  visible  at  Washington,  as  the  star  will  set  at  1  o'clock  21  m.  morn 
ing,  but  may  be  seen  in  the  Western  States.  ^As  the  moon  sets  in  the  Eastern  States,  the  star 
may  be  seen  very  close  to  its  eastern  edge,  t  January  29th. 


20  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

HIGH  WATER  AT  BOSTON,  IN  BOSTON  MEAN  TIME. 


* 

fe 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

Sept'ber. 

October. 

Nov'-ber. 

Deo'ber. 

A 

Evening. 

- 

H.    M. 

H.     M. 

II.    M. 

n.  M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

II.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.   M. 

1 

1  55 

3  14 

2    2 

3  13 

3  39 

4  47 

4  49 

5  46 

7  16 

7  58 

9  34 

10    2 

3 

2  46 

4    4 

2  49 

4    5 

4  33 

5  39 

5  41 

6  43 

8  20 

9    3 

10  27 

10  55 

8 

3  37 

5    0 

3  38 

5    3 

5  28 

6  28 

6  30 

7  43 

9  24 

9  59 

11  17 

11  44 

4 

4  30 

6    0 

4  33 

6    4 

6  23 

7  20 

7  24 

8  46 

10  22 

10  53 

Morn. 

Morn. 

5 

5  29 

7    0 

5  32 

7    2 

7  17 

8    9 

8  20 

9  45 

11  15 

11  40 

4 

33 

6 

6  27 

8    0 

6  32 

7  57 

8    7 

8  58 

9  13 

10  42 

Morn. 

Morn. 

52 

1  22 

7 

7  30 

8  58 

7  35 

8  49 

8  54 

9  46 

10    6 

11  32 

2 

27 

1  41 

2  10 

8 

8  2(5 

9  49 

8  31 

9  34 

9  38 

10  32 

10  59 

Morn. 

48 

1  14 

2  32 

2  57 

It 

9  20 

10  30 

9  22 

10  16 

10  20 

11  19 

11  49 

22 

1  37 

2    3 

3  24 

3  44 

10 

10  11 

11  18 

10    8 

10  56 

11    2 

Morn. 

Morn. 

1  11 

2  24 

2  52 

4  16 

4  33 

11 

10  59 

11  55 

10  51 

11  32 

11  42 

4 

37 

1  59 

3  13 

3  46 

5  11 

5  22 

12 

11  42 

11  27 

Morn. 

Morn. 

51 

1  28 

2  46 

4    6 

443 

6    7 

6  11 

18 

Morn. 

°34 

Morn. 

8 

22 

1  40 

2  18 

3  35 

5    6 

5  44 

7    1 

7    2 

14 

22 

1  11 

3 

46 

1    7 

2  32 

3    6 

4  29 

6    9 

6  44 

7  51 

7  52 

15 

1    2 

1  47 

38 

1  27 

1  55 

3  24 

3  57 

5  29 

7  15 

7  41 

8  39 

8  41 

it; 

1  41 

2  24 

1  15 

2  10 

2  44 

4  19 

4  53 

6  32 

8  13 

8  33 

9  22 

9  28 

17 

2  20 

3    2 

1  54 

2  57 

3  36 

5  16 

5  53 

7  36 

9    7 

9    1 

10    4 

10  14 

is 

2  58 

3  45 

2  33 

3  49 

4  35 

6  18 

6  56 

8  38 

9  54 

10    1 

10  47 

11    1 

.19 

3  39 

4  34 

3  17 

4  47 

5  38 

7  20 

7  56 

9  32 

10  36 

10  42 

11  25 

11  45 

80 

4  23 

5  30 

4    6 

5  53 

6  42 

8  20 

8  57 

10  21 

11  15 

11  34 

Ev.    6 

Ev.  32 

81 

5  12 

6  33 

5    5 

7    2 

7  45 

9  16 

9  51 

11    6 

11  50 

11  55 

48 

1  20 

82 

6    6 

7  40 

6  10 

8    9 

8  45 

10    9 

10  42 

11  45 

Ev.  25 

Ev.  31 

1  34 

2    9 

88 

7    5 

847 

7  20 

9    8 

9  39 

11    0 

11  27 

Ev.  20 

1    0 

1  11 

2  32 

2  57 

21 

8    7 

9  49 

8  28 

10    2 

10  30 

11  47 

Ev.    9 

58 

1  37 

1  52 

3  12 

3  48 

86 

9    9 

10  48 

9  30 

10  54 

11  20 

Ev.  31 

49 

1  34 

2  17 

2  37 

4    5 

442 

86 

10    8 

11  38 

10  26 

11  40 

Ev.    5 

1  16 

1  29 

2  10 

2  58 

3  27 

5    4 

5  41 

27 

11    6 

Ev.  25 

11  17 

Ev.  24 

51 

1  59 

2    8 

2  49 

3  46 

4  23 

6    6 

6  42 

ys 

11  57 

1  14 

Ev.   2 

1  11 

1  38 

2  41 

2  46 

3  28 

4  40 

5  24 

7    8 

7  44 

89 

Ev.  47 

48 

2    1 

2  25 

3  23 

3  25 

4  15 

5  43 

6  28 

8  11 

8  46 

80 

1  37 

1  36 

2  49 

3  11 

4    5 

4    6 

5    9 

6  51 

7  36 

9    8 

9  43 

31 

2  25 

2  23 

358 

454 

6    9 

8  38 

10  37 

HIGH  WATER  AT  NEW  YORK,  IN  NEW  YORK    MEAN  TIME. 


•5 
X 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

Jun,e. 

July. 

August. 

Sept'bor. 

October. 

Nov'ber. 

Dec'ber. 



H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

1 

10  37 

11  59 

10  44 

11  58 

Ev.25 

1  33 

1  38 

2  32 

4  1 

1  42 

6  20 

6  48 

8 

11  29 

Ev.  51 

11  32 

Ev.  52 

1  20 

2  25 

2  27 

3  29 

5  5 

5  48 

7  12 

7  39 

3 

Ev.  23 

1  47 

Ev.  24 

1  50 

2  14 

3  14 

3  16 

4  28 

6  10 

6  45 

7  59 

8  27 

4 

1  18 

2  46 

1  20 

2  50 

3  9 

4  5 

4  9 

5  31 

7  8 

7  37 

8  49 

9  20 

5 

2  15 

346 

2  18 

3  47 

4  2 

4  54 

5  4 

6  31 

7  57 

8  22 

9  38 

10  8 

n 

3  13 

4  46 

3  20 

4  42 

4  51 

5  44 

5  59 

7  26 

8  47 

9  12 

10  24 

10  52 

7 

4  14 

5  43 

4  20 

5  34 

5  40 

6  32 

6  52 

8  16 

9  35 

10  0 

11  15 

11  41 

H 

5  11 

6  35 

5  16 

6  20 

6  24 

7  17 

7  42 

9  8 

10  21 

10  45 

9 

6  6 

7  21 

6  8 

7  2 

7  6 

8  0 

8  32 

9  57 

11  7 

11  36 

9 

30 

10 

6  57 

8  1 

6  54 

7  40 

745 

8  49 

9  23 

10  41 

11  58 

Morn. 

1  3 

1  20 

11 

7  42 

8  40 

7  35 

8  15 

8  24 

9  37 

10  12 

11  29 

Morn. 

32 

1  57 

2  7 

12 

8  24 

9  20 

8  10 

8  53 

9  8 

10  24 

11  0 

Morn. 

53 

1  31 

2  53 

2  57 

1:5 

9  8 

9  57 

8  48 

9  33 

9  53 

11  15 

11  51 

21 

1  53 

2  30 

346 

3  47 

14 

'9  48 

10  31 

9  24 

10  21 

10  36 

Morn. 

1  16 

2  55 

3  30 

4  35 

4  37 

15 

10  25 

11  7 

10  1 

10  52 

11  26 

9 

43 

2  15 

3  59 

4  26 

5  25 

5  26 

1C, 

11  2 

11  47 

10  38 

11  41 

Morn. 

1  6 

1  40 

3  18 

4  57 

5  18 

6  8 

6  13 

17 

11  43 

Morn. 

11  15 

Morn. 

22 

2  2 

2  38 

4  21 

5  52 

6  5 

6  50 

7  0 

18 

Morn. 

31 

Morn. 

35 

1  22 

3  4 

3  40 

5  22 

6  40 

6  47 

7  31 

7  44 

19 

25 

1  21 

2 

1  36 

2  24 

4  5 

4  41 

6  18 

7  21 

7  26 

8  8 

8  29 

20 

1  10 

2  16 

53 

2  39 

3  28 

5  4 

5  42 

7  7 

7  57 

8  0 

8  51 

9  19 

-.21 

1  58 

3  19 

1  52 

3  47 

4  29 

6  2 

6  37 

7  47 

8  33 

8  38 

9  84 

10  6 

22 

2  52 

4  25 

2  57 

4  52 

5  30 

6  55 

7  26 

8  26 

9  11 

9  18 

10  19 

10  50 

2.1 

3  50 

5  32 

4  5 

5  54 

6  25 

7  43 

8  10 

9  6 

9  46 

9  57 

11  4 

11  41 

84 

4  52 

6  35 

5  13 

6  48 

7  15 

8  30 

8  54 

9  43 

10  22 

10  36 

11  57 

Ev.  34 

2r, 

5  55 

7  32 

6  16 

7  38 

8  1 

9  18 

9  36 

10  19 

10  59 

11  19 

Ev.  52 

1  29 

2f, 

6  54 

8  20 

7  12 

8  22 

8  50 

10  2 

10  15 

10  52 

11  43 

Ev.  12 

1  51 

2  27 

37 

7  49 

9  12 

7  59 

9  11 

9  37 

10  41 

10  49 

11  31 

Ev.  32 

1  9 

2  52 

3  28 

88 

8  40 

10  0 

847 

9  58 

10  23 

11  23 

11  29 

Ev.  14 

1  27 

2  10 

3  55 

4  29 

2'.) 

9  32 

9  34 

10  43 

11  8 

Ev.  8 

Ev.10 

1  2 

2  29 

3  14 

4  55 

5  31 

30 

10  22 

10  21 

•11  32 

11  56 

52 

53 

1  55 

3  37 

4  21 

5  53 

6  29 

31 

11  8 

11  6 

Ev.  44 

1  41 

2  55 

5  23 

7  22 

1869.]  ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT.  21 

HIGH  WATER  AT  PHILADELPHIA,  IN  PHILADELPHIA  MEAN  TIME. 


5 
8 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

Sepi'ber. 

October. 

Nov'ber. 

Dec'ber. 

p 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

II  .  M. 

H.  M. 

II.  M. 

H.  M. 

II.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

1 

3  52 

5  12 

3  59 

5  12 

5  36 

6  36 

6  40 

7  28 

9  0 

9  44 

11  26 

11  56 

2 

4  45 

5  58 

4  47 

5  59 

6  23 

7  22 

7  23 

8  27 

10  6 

10  51 

Ev.  21 

Ev.  50 

3 

5  34 

6  48 

5  35 

6  50 

7  13 

8  10 

8  12 

9  28 

11  15 

11  53 

1  10 

1  38 

4 

6  2-2 

7  42 

6  23 

7  46" 

8  5 

9  4 

9  9 

10  33 

Ev.  17 

Ev.  47 

1  59 

2  30 

5 

7  14 

8  44 

7  17 

8  45 

9  1 

9  55 

10  6 

11  38 

1  9 

1  33 

2  49 

3  20 

6* 

8  9 

9  47 

8  16 

9  43 

9  52 

10  47 

11  3 

Ev.  37 

1  59 

2  22 

3  39 

4  8 

7 

9  12 

10  45 

9  20 

10  36 

10  42 

11  39 

12  0 

1  25 

2  45 

3  11 

4  31 

4  50 

8 

10  13 

11  42 

10  18 

11  26 

11  30 

Ev.  27 

Ev.  53 

2  19 

3  34 

4  0 

5  21 

5  41 

9 

11  11 

Ev.  31 

11  13 

Ev.  11 

Ev.  15 

1  12 

1  43 

3  8 

4  23 

4  51 

6  9 

6  22 

JO 

Ev.  5 

1  12 

Ev.  2 

50 

56 

1  59 

2  35 

3  56 

5  11 

5  42 

6  57 

7  7 

11 

fifi 

1  51 

45 

1  25 

1  35 

2  48 

3  26 

4  45 

6  0 

6  33 

7  49 

7  54 

12 

1  35 

2  30 

1  21 

2  3 

2  19 

3  39 

4  16 

5  32 

6  53 

7  27 

8  44 

8  45 

18 

2  17 

3  8 

2  0 

2  43 

3  4 

4  31 

5  5 

6  21 

7  51 

8  27 

9  37 

9  38 

14 

2  59 

3  45 

2  35 

3  25 

3  52 

5  21 

5  51 

7  14 

8  58 

9  26 

10  26 

10  29 

15 

3  40 

4  23 

3  12 

4  8 

4  42 

6  11 

6  41 

8  14 

9  59 

10  10 

11  13 

11  19 

16 

4  18 

5  1 

3  51 

4  56 

5  33 

7  3 

7  34 

9  21 

10  56 

11  10 

11  58 

Morn. 

17 

4  58 

5  42 

4  32 

5  45 

6  25 

8  0 

8  38 

10  24 

11  47 

11  55 

Morn. 

9 

18 

5  36 

6  24 

5  15 

6  37 

7  21 

9  4 

9  42 

11  24 

Morn. 

Morn. 

41 

55 

11! 

6  15 

7  15 

6  0 

7  36 

8  25 

10  6 

10  44 

Morn. 

31 

36 

1  19 

1  39 

go 

6  58 

8  16 

6  52 

8  45 

9  30 

11  7 

11  44 

16 

1  9 

1  12 

2  1 

2  29 

81 

7  48 

9  25 

7  52 

9  53 

10  32 

Morn. 

Morn. 

59 

1  44 

1  49 

2  45 

3  18 

22 

8  48 

10  34 

9  4 

10  57 

11  31 

3 

36 

1  37 

2  21 

2  28 

3  32 

4  6 

23 

9  53 

11  42 

10  15 

11  56 

Morn. 

54 

1  21 

2  16 

2  57 

3  8 

4  20 

4  56 

'24 

10  58 

Morn. 

11  22 

Morn. 

25 

1  40 

2  4 

2  54 

3  35 

3  50 

5  11 

5  44 

25 

Morn. 

42 

Morn. 

49 

1  12 

2  28 

2  47 

3  32 

4  15 

4  35 

5  59 

6  32 

26 

2 

1  31 

21 

1  32 

2  0 

3  13 

3  28 

4  8 

4  57 

5  24 

6  51 

7  24 

27 

59 

2  22 

1  11 

2  21 

2  48 

3  56 

4  5 

4  46 

5  42 

6  14 

7  48 

8  25 

ys 

1  50 

3  11 

1  57 

3  9 

3  36 

4  39 

4  45 

5  26 

6  30 

7  9 

8  52 

9  30 

yi) 

2  44 

2  46 

3  58 

4  24 

5  20 

5  22 

6  8 

7  26 

8  10 

9  57 

10  33' 

80 

3  34 

3  34 

4  47 

5  10 

5  59 

6  0 

6  55 

8  33 

9  21 

10  57 

11  36 

81 

4  24 

4  22 

5  53 

6  42 

7  51 

10  25 

Ev.  32 

HIGH  WATER  AT  SAN  FRANCISCO,  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO  MEAN  TIME. 


3 
fe 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

Sept'ber. 

October. 

Nov'ber. 

Dec'ber. 

A 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.    M. 

H.   M. 

i 

2  20 

3  53 

2  27 

3  51 

4  25 

5  47 

5  53 

6  49 

8  17 

9    0 

10  23 

10  47 

2 

3  17 

4  59 

3  22 

5    0 

5  32 

6  42 

6  43 

7  47 

9  20 

9  56 

11    8 

11  30 

8 

4  23 

6    3 

4  24 

6    7 

6  31 

7  32 

7  34 

8  45 

10  15 

10  45 

11  49 

Morn. 

4 

5  29 

7    3 

5  32 

7    7 

7  27 

8  22 

8  26 

9  41 

11    4 

11  29 

Morn. 

18 

5 

6  32 

8    4 

6  35 

8    5 

8  19 

9  10 

9  19 

10  33 

11  47 

Morn. 

36 

1    4 

6 

7  31 

9    2 

7  37 

8  58 

9    8 

9  52 

10    5 

11  18 

Morn. 

13 

1  21 

1  49 

7 

8  31 

9  52 

8  37 

9  44 

9  49 

10  33 

10  51 

Morn. 

34 

56 

2    8 

2  36 

8 

9  23 

10  36 

9  28 

10  23 

10  27 

11  12 

11  33 

5 

1  18 

1  41 

3    1 

3  32 

9 

10  12 

11  15 

10  14 

10  58 

11    2 

11  50 

Morn. 

53 

2    3 

2  28 

4    5 

4  32 

10 

10  54 

11  50 

10  52 

11  28 

11  36 

Morn. 

23 

1   39 

2  52 

3  26 

5  13 

5  32 

11 

11  33 

Morn. 

11  27 

Morn. 

Morn. 

36 

1     7 

2  24 

3  50 

4  34 

6  15 

6  25 

18 

Morn. 

28 

12    0 

5 

15 

1  20 

1  54 

3  17 

5    1 

5  44 

7  10 

7  15 

1.1 

15 

1    4 

Morn. 

41 

51 

2    7 

2  44 

4  21 

6  10 

647 

8    4 

8    5 

14 

53 

1  38 

35 

1  15 

i  a5 

3    1 

3  43 

5  29 

7  12 

7  48 

8  52 

8  53 

15 

1  30 

2  13 

1     8 

1  54 

2  20 

4    5 

4  51 

6  32 

8  16 

8  43 

9  35 

9  37 

1(> 

2    7 

2  52 

1  42 

2  36 

3  14 

5  15 

5  55 

7  36 

9  13 

9  30 

10  14 

10  18 

17 

2  47 

3  39 

2  19 

3  32 

4  22 

6  20 

6  55 

8  38 

10    0 

10  11 

10  49 

10  56 

18 

3  34 

4  36 

3    2 

4  42 

5  34 

7  22 

7  59 

9  33 

10  41 

10  46 

11  23 

11  35 

11) 

4  25 

5  33 

3  57 

5  48 

6  40 

8  22 

8  57 

10  21 

11  15 

11  19 

11  58 

Ev.  19 

20 

5  20 

6  33 

5    1 

6  56 

7  46 

9  19 

9  51 

11     3 

11  47 

11  50 

Ev.  38 

1     3 

21 

6  16 

7  37 

6    9 

8    5 

8  46 

10    8 

10  38 

11  39 

Ev.  24 

Ev.26 

1  18 

1  47 

22 

7    9 

8  42 

7  13 

9    8 

9  40 

10  52 

11  19 

Ev.  17 

55 

1    2 

2    0 

2  34 

28 

8    8 

9  42 

8  22 

10    1 

10  27 

11  34 

12    0 

54 

1  29 

1  38 

2  49 

3  32 

24 

9    7 

10  36 

9  25 

10  47 

11  10 

Ev.20 

Ev.  42 

1  27 

2    3 

2  18 

3  49 

4  41 

21 

10    2 

11  24 

10  19 

11  30 

11  51 

1    2 

1  18 

2    0 

2  43 

3    6 

5    0 

5  43 

26 

10  52 

Ev.  11 

11    7 

Ev.  13 

Ev.  37 

1  43 

1  55 

2  36 

3  34 

4    9 

6    8 

644 

27 

11  39 

57 

11  48 

55 

1  20 

2  24 

2  34 

3  19 

4  38 

5  19 

7    9 

7  46 

28 

Ev.  28 

1  41 

Ev.  34 

1  40 

2    4 

3  10 

3  17 

4  12 

5  40 

6  27 

8  12 

8  46 

•21) 

1  17 

1  18 

2  26 

2  53 

4    4 

4    6 

5  12 

6  46 

7  32 

9  11 

9  41 

80 

2    3 

2    1 

3  20 

3  48 

5    0 

5    1 

6  13 

7  54 

8  38 

10    1 

10  31 

81 

2  53 

2  51 

4  52 

5  56 

7  12 

9  M 

11  16 

THE  AMERICAN  YEAR  BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


JANUARY,    1869. 


MEAN   TIME   OP  SUN-RISE  AND   SUN-SET  ;    FOR 

SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

5| 

Augusta. 

Boston.              New  York. 

'.  •VTasl  ington.     ;       Raleigh. 

1    Charleston. 

New  Orleans.   !          San 

o  i 

Portland. 

Al  mny. 

Philad 

Iphia. 

|    Baltim 

:     Nasl 

villc 

'    Savr-nnah. 

|       Mo 

bile. 

Fran 

cisco. 

w.      Day  of 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

;     St.  Louia. 

!      Mem 

phis. 

Vicksburg. 

Te 

»». 

Richmond. 

t     Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

BUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

fi  ! 

Rises.     Sets. 

Rises.     Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.  !  £ 

Sets. 

'Rises. 

Se 

ts. 

Rises.    Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

liFri. 

7  36  4  32 

7  804  38 

7  24 

4  44 

7   194 

4'.)     7  10 

4  58 

7454 

6  57 

5  11 

7  16 

4    53 

SjSat. 

7  36  4  33 

7  30  i  4  39 

|7  24, 

4  45 

7  194 

50  i  7  10 

4 

>9 

:7    45    5 

6  57 

5  12 

7  16 

4  54 

3  Sun. 

7  36  4  34 

7  30  4  40 

17  24' 

4  46 

7  194 

51  i  7  10  5 

0 

:7    45    6 

6  57 

5  12 

7  16 

4  55 

4  Mon. 

7  36:4  35 

7  30  4  41 

7  24 

4  47 

1  7  19  4 

52  :  7  10 

5 

] 

:7    4  5    7 

6  58 

5  13 

|7  16 

4  56 

5 

Tu. 

7  36  4  36 

7  30 

4  42 

7  24 

4  48 

i  7  19  4 

53 

!7  10 

5 

2 

'7    45    S 

6  58 

5  U 

7  16 

4  57 

6 

Wed. 

7  36^4  37 

7  30 

4  43 

|  7  24  4  49 

7  19  4 

54 

|7  10 

5 

2 

:7    45    8 

6  58J5  14 

7  16 

4  58 

7 

Th. 

7  354  38 

7  30 

1  -It 

!724 

1  50 

7  19  4 

55 

:7  10 

5 

3 

7    45    9 

6  58 

5  15 

7  16 

4  59 

8 

Fri. 

7  35  4  39  ! 

7  30 

4  45 

:7  24 

4  51 

7  19  4 

56 

7  10 

5 

4 

'•  1    4  5  10 

6  58 

5  16! 

7  16 

4  59 

Sat. 

7  35  4  40 

7  30 

4  46 

7  24  4  52 

7  194 

57 

i  7  10  5 

5 

17    45  11 

6  58  5  17  ! 

7  15 

5     0 

10 

Sun. 

7  3514  41 

7  29 

4  47 

7  24 

4  53 

|7  19  4 

58 

•7  10 

5 

6 

17    45  12 

6  58 

5  18 

7  15 

5     1 

11 

Mon. 

7  34'4  42 

7  29 

1  48 

7  23 

4  54 

7  184 

59 

17  10 

g 

7 

!  7    4  5  12 

6  58 

5  18: 

7  15 

5     2 

is 

Tu. 

7  3414  43 

7  29 

4  49 

7  23k  55 

7  185 

0 

:7    9!5 

8 

i  7    4  5  13 

6  58  5  19  , 

7  15 

5     3 

18 
14 

Wed. 
Th. 

7  34  '4  45 

7  33  4  46 

7  28 
7  28 

4  50 
4  51 

7  88  4  56 

i  7  22  4  57 

7  1815 
7  175 

1 
2 

!7    95    9^7    45  14 
7    9  5  10  !  7    4  5  15 

6  58  5  20  ! 
6  58  5  21  I 

7  155     4 
7  145     5 

15 

Fri. 

7  3 

]  4  47 

7  27 

4  53 

7  22 

4  58 

7  175 

3 

|7    8 

5 

1 

:  7    3  5  16 

6  57 

•-,  •» 

7  14 

5     6 

Hi 

Sat. 

7  32  4  48 

7  27  1  4  54 

17  22 

4  59 

7  17  5 

4 

:7    8 

5 

•2 

i  7    3  5  17 

6  57 

5  23 

7  14 

5     8 

17 

Sun. 

7  814  50 

7  2(5 

4  55 

7  21 

3    0 

7  165 

5 

i7    85  13 

7    3  5  18 

6  57 

5  23  i 

7  14 

5     9 

18 

Mon. 

7  31  !  4  51 

7  26 

4  56 

7  21 

5    1 

|7  16:5 

(i 

7    7 

5 

4 

!  7    2  5  19  1  6  57 

5  24! 

7  13 

5  10 

19 

Tu. 

7  30  !  4  52 

7  25 

4  58 

7  20 

3    3 

7  15:5 

7 

7    7 

5  ' 

5 

17    2  5  20  i  1  6  57 

5  25; 

7  13 

5   11 

20  1  Wed. 

7  29,4  53 

7  24 

4  59 

17  195    4 

J7  14!5 

8  '7    7  '5  16 

i7    25  21 

6  56 

5  261 

7  12  5   12 

21 

Th. 

7  2!)  4  55 

7  23  5    0 

1  7  is: 

5    5 

7  14  5 

9     7    6 

5  ' 

7 

i  7    1  5  22 

6  56 

527 

7  12 

5  13 

22 

Fri. 

7  28:4  56 

7  22  5    1 

7  18' 

3    6 

7135 

10 

17    6 

5 

8 

715  23 

6  56 

5  28: 

7  11 

5  14 

23!  Sat. 

7  2714  57 

7  2215    3 

7  17 

3    8 

7  125 

12 

17    5 

5  ] 

!) 

'•1    05  24 

6  55 

5  29! 

7  11 

5   15 

24  Sun. 

7  26'4  59 

7  21 

5    4  I  7  16 

3    9  :  !  7  12  5 

L3 

7    5 

5  \ 

20 

7    0  5  25 

(i  55 

5  30  1  1  7  10 

5   16 

25  i  Mon. 

7  25  15    0 

7  205    5i!7  155  10 

7  11'5 

11 

7    4  5  21 

!  7    0  5  26     6  55 

5  8l|  7    9|5  17 

26  Tn. 

7  24  5    1 

7  2015    6:17  155  11 

i7  105 

15 

'745  22 

6  59  5  27     6  54 

5  32H7    815   18 

27-  Wed. 

7  23  5    3 

7  195    7i!7  14 

3  12'!  7  105 

16     7    3 

;-,     - 

>.:} 

6  59J5  28M6  54 

5  33  i  7    7 

5   19 

28  Th. 

17  22,5    4 

7  18:5    9    7  18'5  18|  7    9!5 

17  ;7    25  24 

6  58,5  29;  6  53;5  34! 

7    75   20 

29  Fri. 

172115    6 

7  17j5  10!i7  12 

5  151  7    8'5 

19  h  7    2 

5     ' 

6  58|5  SOI  6  53 

5  35 

7    6 

5  22 

30  Sat. 

7205    7 

7  16!5  11  !  7  12 

3  16  |7    85 

20 

7    1 

5  \ 

2ii 

:  6  57  5  31 

6  52 

5  36    7    5 

5   23 

31  Sun. 

|7  19,5    8 

7  155  13  17  11  5  17  ii  7    75 

21 

7    0  5  27 

6  5615  32 

6  52;5  37    7    4'5  24 

LENGTH  AND  INCREASE  OF 

DAYS. 

a 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York. 

Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charlestown.  |j  New  Orleans. 

Sa 

B 

§ 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philadelphia. 

Baltimore. 

Nashville 

Savannah.                Mobi 

e. 

Fran 

isco. 

f. 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis 

Vicksburg. 

Texa 

s. 

Richa 

ond. 

1 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th.    I  Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th.      Incr. 

L'th.      Incr. 

L'th.     Inor. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

1 

8  56  0    4 

9  180     5 

9  20  0    4 

9  30  0    4 

9  49  0 

4 

10     20     2 

LO  14  0    1      9  37  0    4 

3 

8  580    6 

9  20  0    6 

9  22  0    5 

9  31  0    5 

9  500 

5 

1 

J    30    3 

0  15 

1    2  i  i   9  39 

0      6 

& 

9    00    9 

9210    8 

9  23  0    7 

9  33  |0    6 

9  52  0 

7 

1 

)    40    4 

0  16 

')    3  i     9  41 

0    8 

7 

9    2  0  11 

9  23  0  10  I 

9  25;0    9 

9  35iO    8 

9  53  0 

9 

10    5!0    5 

0  17  0    4      9  43  0  10 

9 

9    5  0  14 

9  25  0  12 

9  27,0  11 

9  37iO  10 

9  55  0 

1 

1 

3    70    7 

10  19 

1    6      9  45 

0  12 

1! 

9    8  0  17 

9  28,0  15 

9  30:0  14 

9  40  1  0  13 

9  57  0 

8 

1 

)    90    9 

10  21. 

)    8! 

9  47 

0  14 

18 

1  9  11  0  20 

9  31  0  17 

9  33  0  16 

!   9  42'0  15 

10    00  15' 

10  11  0  11 

10  23  0  10 

9  49  0  16 

15 

9  15  0  23 

9  34  0  20 

9  36  0  19 

9  45  0  18 

10    20 

7 

1 

)  13  0  13 

0  25 

D  18      9  52 

0  19 

17 

9  18  0  27 

9  38  0  23 

9  39  0  22 

9  48!0  21 

10    50 

20 

1 

)  160  15    10  27 

1  14  !     9  55 

0  22 

9  22  0  31 

9  42  0  27 

9  43  0  26 

9  52  0  25 

'10    80  23  , 

10  180  17  |10  290  16  '1   9  580  25 

21 

9  26  0  .35 

9  45  0  30 

9  46  0  29 

:   9  55  0  28 

:10  11  0 

26 

1 

1  21  0  20    10  31 

)  18  HO    1 

0  28 

9  31  0  39  i  9  49  0  34 

9  50  0  32 

:   9  59  0  32 

10  14  0 

1 

1  23  0  22  i  10  33 

T  20  110    4 

0  31 

25 

9  a5  0  44  !  9  530  38 

9  54  0  36 

10    20  35' 

10  17  0 

i.) 

1 

1  26  0  24     10  35 

1  22  i  10    8 

0  35 

27  ,  9  40  0  48  |  i  9  57  0  42 

9  58  0  40 

10    5  0  38 

10  200  35 

10  29  0  27 

0  .38  0  25     10  12  0  39 

29  ;9  440  53  !10    1 

0  46 

10    2:0  44 

10    9jO  42 

10  24  0 

i') 

1 

")  32  0  30 

10  41 

}  28    10  16 

0  43 

31   ;9  49,0  59|jlO    5  0  50  1  10    6!0  48 

1  10  13  0  46 

10  27,0  42 

SlO  36,0  34 

LO  45  0  32  '110  20:0  47 

1800.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 
JANUARY,  First  Month. 


WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN,     j 

MEAN  TIME   OP  MOON'S   RISING  AND  SETTING. 

•S      c 

g    g 
s    £ 
»    ® 

'a    o 

Sid 

treat 

Sun  at  . 

Moon  in     i  AuEU8ta' 
'  Portland. 

Boston.       X.  York.     TV  a 
Albany.   |Philad'a.     B» 

h'tn.i  Raleigh.  IChn'ston.    N.  Or'ls.         „ 
im'e.  .  N'shville.  !  Savan'h.     Mobile. 

«i   a       0^. 

K 

x>n. 

Noon  Mark. 

Meridian,  ji    Oregon. 

Chicago,  jlnd'polis.   St.  LouU. 

Itemp'i. 

Vicksb'g. 

Tex 

».  Fr' 

icisco. 

III 

i 

Rises.         R 

ses. 

Day. 

Evening. 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

1 

1     IS.fi 

5 

11 

12    4    4 

2  40 

8  36 

8  38 

8  40 

8 

43 

8  48 

8  52 

8  56 

8  51 

2 

2 

;  19.6 

5 

10 

12    4  3J2 

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9  48 

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0 

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3 

3 

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6 

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J 

10 

59 

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11 

2 

11 

5 

4 

4 

121.6 

5 

2 

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5  22 

Morn. 

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Morn 

K 

>rn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Moi 

Morn. 

5 

5 

22.6 

4 

58 

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6  13 

6 

6 

( 

6 

5 

5 

4 

11 

6 

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4 

51 

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1 

9 

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1 

3 

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7 

7 

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2  18 

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3 

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16  , 

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3 

1 

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9 

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4 

42 

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if) 

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4 

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6  22 

6  18 

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9 

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30 

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Sets. 

Sets 

g 

Hs. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

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8. 

s 

ets. 

IS 

13 

j   0.9 

4 

26 

12    9  10 

53 

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6 

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11 

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|   1.9 

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2 

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IS 

r 

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11 

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15 

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) 

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Morn 

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am. 

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Mo 

•n. 

X 

lorn. 

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21 

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55 

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38 

35 

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1 

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1  28 

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40 

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2 

35 

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19 

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25 

25  |12.9    3 

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12  12  44 

10  20 

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4  50 

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4 

41 

4  34 

4  27 

4 

•20 

4  44 

26 
27 

26  !l  13.9    3 
271:14.9    3 

31 

12  12  56 
12  13    8 

11  21 

Morn. 

4^58 

5    1 

5    5 

5 

10 

5  16 

5  22 

5 

•2S 

5  18 

28 

28  !'  15.9    3 

27 

12  13  19 

22 

6  12 

6  15 

0  1 

3 

6 

21 

6  26 

6  31 

6 

';() 

( 

5  29 

29 

29     16.9    3 

24 

12  13  29     1  22 

i     726 

7  28 

7  30 

7 

33 

7  36 

7  39 

7 

13 

7  40 

30    301  17.9]  3 

20 

12  13  39 

2  19 

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8  41 

8  4 

J 

8 

44 

8  46 

8  47 

8 

19 

e 

5  50 

31    311:18.9!  3 

16 

12  13  47     3  14     j     9  52 

9  52 

9  52 

9  53 

9  53 

9  53 

9 

53 

9  59 

MOON'S 

PHASES,   &c. 

AVASHINGTON. 

SAN 
FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OP  THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter.. 

D5     "i     15  Mo. 

i    10    14  Ev. 

Venus  in  Scorpio  until  the  17th,  then  in  *  . 

New  Moon..  .  . 

12      1    45  Ev.    1 

2    10    44  Mo. 

Mars 

in  Le 

o  all  the  month. 

First  Quarter.. 
Full  Moon  

'.'.  20      7    18  Ev.  |20      4    17  Ev. 
..27      8    22  Ev.    27      5    21  Ev. 

Jupiter  in  Pisces  all  the  month. 
Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Apogee.. 
Moon  in  Perigee.. 

16      0.8      Ev.    16      9.8      Mo. 
28      8.1      Ev.  i  28      5.1      Ev. 

Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 
Venus  and  Saturn  nearest  together  on  the  2cl. 

MEAN  TIME  OP  BEGINNING   AND  END    OP  TWILIGHT. 

3 

Auprusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.           Washington. 

i       Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

S: 

n 

§ 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philadelphia.           Baltimore. 

!      Nash 

vi  le. 

Savannah. 

Mob  le. 

Franc 

ifco. 

•s 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.            St.  Louis. 

Mem 

phis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

p 

Begins.  'Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.   Ends.      Begins.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.  I 

nds. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

1 

5  52  6  16 

5  48  6  20 

5  46  6  22      5  43  6  25 

5   39 

6  29 

5  35  6  33 

i  5  31  t 

37 

5   41 

6  '27 

6 

5  52  6  21 

5  48  6  24 

5  46  6  2<i      5  44  6  28 

5  40 

6  32 

:  5  37  6  .35 

:  5  33  6  39 

5  43 

6   29 

11      5  51  6  26 
16      5  50  6  31 

5  486  29 
5  48  6  33 

5  47  6  30      5  45  6  32 
5  46  6  34  i  I   5  44  6  36 

i  5  41 
5  41 

6  36 
6  40 

:  5  37  6  39 
1  5  38  6  43 

5  34  !6  42 
•  5  34  16  47 

5  43  6  31 
5  43i6  38 

21 

5  47  6  36 

5  48  6  37 

5  44  6  39  i   5  43  6  41 

5  40 

6  44 

5  37  6  47 

5  33  6  51 

!  5  42 

6  42 

26 
31 

5  44  6  42 
5  406  48 

5  45  6  43 
5  39  6  49 

5  42  6  44      5  40  6  46  i    5  37  6  49 
5  386  50  I   5  376  52  ,  5  34  6  54 

5  35  6  51 
5  32  6  56 

5  32.6  54 
i  5  30|6  58  | 

i  5  40  6  47 
5  36l6  52 

24 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR  BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


FEBRUARY,  1869. 


MEAN   TIME   OF   SUN-RISE  AND   SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

. 

Aug 

ista. 

Boston.         i    New  fork.    I  !  'Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston.   ,   New  Orleans.              San 

J** 

Port 

and. 

Alba 

nv.      1  i  3 

hia.        IS 

.iltimui 

Kasl  ville. 

i    gava 

mah. 

Mo 

Dile.              Fran 

•isco. 

| 

Day  of 

the 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis,  j       St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

|    Vi«ksburg. 

Te 

as.              Rica 

% 

Week. 

SUN 

SU 

• 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN                    SUN 

A 

Rises. 

Seta. 

Rises.  1 

Sets.     Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Se 

ts.  1  Rises.  1  Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets.     Rises. 

Sets.     Rises. 

Sets. 

1 

Mon. 

7  IS  5  10 

7  i4  5  14    7 

11) 

5 

IS 

7 

li 

5  22 

7    05  2<8 

6   56 

5  32      6  51 

5  3*7  !  1  7    35   25 

•J 

Tu. 

7  17 

5  11 

7  13; 

5  15 

- 

9 

.1 

1!) 

7 

5 

5 

W 

6  59  5  29 

6  55 

5  33  :  1  6  50 

5  38  !  7    2 

5    26  j 

:; 

Wed. 

7  1(3 

5  13 

7  11 

5  16 

7 

7 

5 

20 

7 

4 

5 

24 

6  58 

5  30 

16  54 

5  34 

6  49 

5  39     7    2 

5   28  ; 

4 

Th. 

7  14 

5  14 

7  10  5  18 

7    6 

5 

22 

7 

8 

5  25 

6  57 

5  32 

6  53  5  35 

6  49 

5  40 

7    Ii5   29 

5 

Fri. 

7  13 

5  16 

7    9! 

5  19 

7 

5 

.1 

23 

7 

2 

5 

>(> 

6  56 

5  33 

6  52 

5  3li 

6  48 

5  41 

7    0 

5   29 

6 

Sat. 

7  12 

5  17 

7    8 

3  20 

7 

4 

5 

21 

7 

1 

5 

27 

6  55 

5  34 

.6  51 

5  37 

6  47 

5  42 

6  5!) 

5  30 

7 

Sun. 

7  11  '5  18 

i  7    7  5  22 

7    3 

5 

25 

7 

0 

5  28 

6  54 

5  35 

6  50  5  38 

6  4(5 

5  43  |  6  58 

5   32 

8 

Mon. 

7    9 

5  19 

7    6 

)  23 

7 

2 

5 

2(5 

6 

.V.) 

5 

2'.l 

6  53 

5  30 

6  49 

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6  45 

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5  33 

9 

Tu. 

7    8 

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7    5 

5  2r> 

7 

1 

5 

28 

6 

-)(s 

5 

11 

6  52 

5  37 

6  48 

5  40     6  44 

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6  55 

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10 

Wed. 

7    7  5  22    7    4  5  2(5 

7    0 

5 

2'J 

6  57 

5  32 

6  51 

5  38 

6  47  5  41     6  43 

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5  35 

11 

Th. 

7    5 

5  24  !  7    2; 

5  27 

6 

69 

5 

30 

6 

56 

5 

;:; 

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5  25 

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5 

31 

(i 

->.-) 

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5  47 

6  52  5   38 

13 

Sat. 

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5  27 

7    0 

3  30  If 

67 

5 

32 

(i 

")4 

5 

:.-) 

6  48 

5  41 

6  45 

544 

6  41 

5  47 

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11 

Sun. 

7    1 

r,  2s 

6  58 

5  31 

l 

nr. 

5 

33 

(i 

->:j 

5 

i(i 

|6  47 

5  42 

6  44 

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5  48    6  50 

5  39 

15 

Mon. 

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( 

51 

5 

34 

6 

v,> 

5  38 

6  46 

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16 

Tu. 

6  58 

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6  55  ! 

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6 

63 

5 

3(5 

6 

11) 

5  « 

!'.) 

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5  44 

6  42 

5  46 

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5  49  i  6  48 

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17 

Wed. 

6  5(5 

f82 

6  54:5  35 

6  51 

5 

37 

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5  40 

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641 

5  47 

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60 

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38 

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IS 

5  <• 

11 

6  43 

5  46 

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5  51    6  46 

5  44 

1!) 

Fri. 

6  53 

5  35 

6  51 

5  38 

( 

•1!) 

5 

40 

(i 

47 

5 

12 

6  42 

5  47 

6  39 

5  49    (5  36 

5  52  i  6  45 

5  44 

20 

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6  52 

5  >5<i     6  50 

5  39 

I 

48 

5 

41  I 

(i 

Hi 

5  <• 

3 

0  40 

5  47 

6  38 

5  50  !  6  35 

5  52    6  44 

5  45 

21 

Sun. 

6  505  37  1648541 

( 

46 

5 

43  |  6 

11 

5  45 

6  39 

5  48 

6  37 

5  50  |  6  34 

5  53    6  425  46 

>•> 

Mon. 

6  49 

5  :¥.} 

6  47 

j  42 

( 

45 

5 

44 

6 

13 

5  <• 

16 

6  38 

5  49 

6  36 

5  51  1  1  6  33 

5  54    6  41 

5  48 

}•} 

Tu. 

6  47  5  40 

6  45  5  43 

( 

43 

5 

45 

6 

11 

5  47 

6  37 

5  50 

6  35 

5  52  i  6  32j5  55||6  395  49 

24 

Wed. 

6  45 

5  42 

644 

545 

fi 

42 

5 

47 

6 

10 

5  i 

S 

6  36 

5  51 

16  34 

5  53  !  (i  31 

5  55  !!  6  37 

5  49 

r> 

Th. 

6  44 

5  43 

6  42 

>  46 

( 

40 

5 

48! 

6 

;s 

5  i 

9 

6  34 

5  52 

6  32 

5  54  i  !  6  30 

5  56 

1  6  36 

5  50 

26 

Fri. 

6  42  5  44 

i  6  40  5  47 

( 

:js 

5 

49[  6 

J7 

5  50 

6  33 

5  53 

6  31 

5  54 

6  29  5  56 

j  6  35 

5  52 

2; 

Sat. 

6  40 

5  46 

!  6  38  . 

>  43 

( 

37 

5 

50l!6 

T, 

5  I 

.1 

6  32 

5  54 

(5  30 

5  55 

6  28 

5  57 

!  6  31 

5  53 

28 

Sun. 

6  39  5  47 

6  37.5  49 

1, 

85 

5 

51  !  6 

51 

5  52 

6  30 

5  55 

6  29  5  56 

6  2715  58  ;6  325  54 

LENGTH 

AND  INCREASE  OF  DAYS. 

a 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

j     New  York. 

Washington. 

i      Raleigh. 

Charles 

New  Orleans. 

Sa 

n 

1 

Portland. 

Alba  17. 

I   Philade 

Iphia. 

Baltin 

lore. 

Nashville. 

Savann 

ah. 

Mob 

le. 

Franc 

isco. 

,--, 
•5 

Oregon. 

'    Chicago. 

i  Indaui 

poU.. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Tex: 

s. 

Richmond. 

I 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

j    L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th.      1 

ncr. 

L'th.    |lncr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

1 

9  521    0 

10    0  0  56 

:  10    8  0  51 

10  i6  0  50 

10  29  0  44| 

10  37  0  39 

10  4610  34|  10  22 

0  49 

a 

9  57  1    6 

10    51     1 

!  10  13  0  56 

10  20  0  54 

!  10  33  0  48; 

10  41  0  43 

10  50  10  38   10  26 

0  53 

5 

10    2  1  12 

10  10  1     6 

!  10  17 

1      0 

10  24 

0  58 

1  10  36  0  52J 

10  44 

)  46 

10  53 

0  41   J10  29 

0  56 

7 

10    8  1  1B: 

10  16  1  11 

•  10  22 

1    5 

10  28 

1    2 

10  40  0  55 

10  48 

)  50  !  10  57 

0  45  ilO  34 

1    1 

g 

10  13  1*22 

10  20  1  16 

i  10  261    9 

10  32 

1     6 

1  10  44  0  59 

10  52  0  54  |ll    00  48  jl()  39 

1     6 

11 

10  19  1  27 

10  25  1  21 

i  10  30 

1  13 

10  36 

1  10 

!  10  48  1    31 

10  56 

)  58:  j  11     4 

0  52  10  43 

1  10 

18 

10  24  1  33 

10  30  1  2(5 

!  10  35 

1  18 

10  41 

1  15 

10  52  1    7 

11    0 

2    11     7 

0  55   10  48 

1  15 

15 

10  30  1  39 

10  -35  1  31 

;  10  40 

23  i 

10  45 

1  19 

ilO  56  1  12 

11    3 

5  111  10  0  58  10  51 

1  18 

17 

10  38  1  44 

10  40  1  36 

10  45 

28  f 

10  50 

1  24 

111     11  16 

11    7 

9    11  13 

1    1   10  56 

1  23 

19 

10  41  1  50 

10  46  1  42 

1060      33  j 

10  54 

28 

;11    51  20 

11  10 

12  1  11  16  1    4   10  59  1  26 

21 

10  47  1  5fi  1 

10  52  1  48 

10  55 

38; 

10  59 

33 

111    9  1  24 

11  14 

16  111  19 

1     7   11     4 

31 

23 

10  53  '2    2 

10  57  1  53 

ill    0 

43 

11    3 

37 

ill  14  1  29 

11  18 

20  !  11  23 

1  11   11  10 

37! 

x'5 

10  59  2    8 

11    31  30 

ill    5 

48 

11    7 

41 

'  11  18  1  33; 

11  22 

24    11  26 

1  14   11  14 

41 

27 

11    5|2  14 

11    82    4 

;  11  10 

53 

11  12 

46 

11  22  1  381 

11  25 

27  j  11  29 

1  17  11  19 

46| 

:*8 

11    8i2  17 

11  10,2    6 

:  11   12 

1  55 

11  14 

48 

ill  24  1  39| 

11  27 

28  ;11  33  1  21   11  22 

49  j 

ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


25 


FEBRUARY,  Second  Month.* 


g 

WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN   TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING   AND   SETTING. 

1 

i| 

.Sul.'rc.il 

Sun  at 

Moon  in 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

V.  York. 

Wash'tn.    Raleizh.  '•  Cha'ston.    N.  Or'ls.        c 

« 

0 

Portland.      All  any. 

Fhilad'a. 

Bal 

im'e.   N'shville.     Savan'h.      Mot 

lie, 

s 

£ 

N 

oon.      Noon  Mark.    Meridian. 

Oregon,   j  Chicago. 

Ind'poli,. 

St.  Louis. 

Memp's. 

Vicksb'g. 

Tl  5 

Fr'ncisco. 

! 

1 

Days. 

Evening. 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

i 

32 

19.9 

3 

12 

12  13  55 

4      7 

11      3 

11    2 

11       1 

11 

1 

10  59 

10  58 

10  56 

11      6 

33     2 

Kit 

g 

8 

12 

14      2 

4  58 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

M 

orn. 

Morn. 

12    0 

It 

57 

I 

31  34    2 

L.9 

3 

4 

12  14    8 

5  49 

12 

10 

8 

6 

3 

Morn. 

Mo 

11 

41  35  !2 

2.9 

•j 

0 

12 

14  14 

6  39 

1  17 

1    15 

1  12 

1 

9 

1    5 

1      1 

56 

t  14 

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12  14  18 

7  29 

2  20 

2  17 

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2 

10 

2    4 

1  59 

1 

53 

2  14 

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37 

2 

4.9 

2 

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8  20 

3  21 

3  18 

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3 

10 

3    3 

2  57 

2 

50 

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7 

38 

2 

->:<» 

2 

IS 

IX 

14  25 

9  10 

4  1(5 

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4    8 

4 

4 

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54 

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40 

IS 

14  2! 

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5  52 

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5  45 

5 

40 

5  .33 

5  27 

5 

20 

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Sets. 

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s 

ets. 

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Be 

ts. 

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6 

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7  47 

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Ti 

2 

21 

12 

14  25 

2  31 

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8  37 

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15 

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2 

17 

K 

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13 

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22 

1 

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6.1 

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9 

12  14  13|    4  39 

11  32 

11  30 

11  28 

11 

25 

11  22 

11  19 

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15 

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18 

49 

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2 

5 

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14    8     5  25 

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Bd 

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Morn. 

Morn. 

•si. 

J 

lorn. 

in 

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1 

IS 

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18 

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->.l 

1 

38 

12 

13      2!     Morn. 

R13cs. 

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MI 

363. 

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Bli 

I 

ises. 

27 

58  i   16.1 

1 

30 

12  12  51  i        57 

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7  30 

7  31 

7 

31 

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26 

12  12  39!    1  53 

8  43 

8  42       8  42 

841 

8  41 

8  40 

8 

89 

8  47 

MOON'S 

PHASES,  &c. 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN 
FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION  OF  THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter  
Ve\v  Moon  

8 

11 

11    48  Mo. 
8    46  Mo.  1 

3    B8    4*7  Mo. 

1      5    45  Mo. 

Venus  in  Sagittarius  until  the  12th 
Mars  in  Leo,  by  the  Sickle. 

then  in  \3. 

First  Quarter  
Full  Moon  i 

19 

11    58  Mo.  1 
6    56  Mo.   2 

9      8    57  Mo. 
5      3    55  Mo. 

Jupiter  in  Pisces  all  the  month. 
Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 

VIoon  in  Apogee..  12 
Moon  in  Perigee..  26 

11.2      Ev.    1 
8.3      Mo.  2 

2      8.2      Ev. 
6      5.3      Mo. 

Uranus  in  Gemini. 
Venus  nearest  Mcrcnrv  the  28th. 

Mars  brightest  this  month. 

MEAN    TIME  OF  BEGINNING  AND  END  OF  TWILIGHT. 

4 

A  igusta.      ! 

Bost 

on. 

New  York.          Wash  niton. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

Nov.-  Orleans. 

San 

i 

Portl 

md. 

Alba 

ny. 

Philadelphia.           Baltimore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Franc 

SCO. 

,-, 

Oreg 

on. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memph  s. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richn 

ond. 

A 

Begins. 

Ends.  1 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  En 

ds.       Begins 

.  Ends. 

Begins,  j  Ends. 

.Begins.   Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends,  j 

~j 

5  3916  49! 

5  38  6  50 

5  37  6 

51       5  3( 

i  (i  52 

5  33  6  55 

5   3116  57 

5  29  (5  59 

5   35 

6  53 

6 

5  336  55: 

5  33 

6  55 

5  as  6 

56      5  31  i  6  58 

5  3017    0 

5  28  7    1 

5  25  7    3 

5  31 

fi  58 

] 

5  27 

p[ 

2 

5  28 

7    1 

5  287    1      5  26J7    1 

5  25J7    3 

5  24  7    5  1  5  22,7    7 

5  27 

7    2 

16 

5  21 

7 

8 

5  22 

7    7  |  5  21)7    7      5  V 

7    7 

58D7    8: 

5  20  7    8  1 

5  187  10! 

5  22 

7    7 

21 

5  14 

7  1 

4 

5  15 

7  13  <  \   5  15  713      5  1( 

)  7  12 

5  157  12, 

5  15  7  12  1 

5  14  7  13  1 

5  15 

7  12 

26 

5    6 

7  21  j 

5    8 

7  19  1  :   5    87 

18      5    9  7  17 

5  1017  16 

5  10  7  16 

5  10  7  17 

5    8 

7  17 

2$      5    3 

7  21  ; 

5    3 

7  22  ;  i   5    57 

21      5    67  20      5    817  20 

5    7  7  19 

5    6  7  19 

5    6 

7  20 

*  Februan 

had  five  Sundays  in  1824.  and  in  1852;  and  the  next  time  this  will  occur  will  be 

in  1880.  and 

then  again  in  1920. 

20 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


MARCH,    1869. 


MEAN  TIME  OF  SUN-RISE   AND  SUN-SET  J    FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

i 

Augu 
Portl 

sta. 
ind. 

Boston. 

Albany. 

New  York. 

Philadelphia. 

Washington. 
Bait  more. 

i       Raleigh. 
|    Nashville. 

i    Charleston. 
Savannah. 

New  Orleans. 
Mobile.       1 

Francisco 

K 

uayot 

Oreg 

on. 

Chicago. 

It 

dianapo  is. 

Si.  Louis.             Mm 

phis. 

Vicks 

burg. 

Texas.        |  |     Riclm  ond. 

« 

, 

i  I 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN                    SUN 

S1 

0 

Rises.  |  Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.     Sets. 

Rises.     Sets.  !  Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

1  ] 

Mon 

(3  37  5  48 

6  36  5  50 

(i 

34  5  52 

6  33  5  53     6  30  5  56 

6  28  5  58 

6   26 

6    0 

6  31 

5  54 

2' 

Fu. 

6  3515  491 

6  34  5  51 

(i 

32  5  53 

6  31  5  54 

6  29  5  56 

6  27 

5  58 

6  25|6    0 

6  30 

5  55 

81 

Wed. 

6  33 

5  51 

6  33  5  52 

(i 

31  '5  54 

6  30  5  55 

16  28 

5  57 

6  26 

5  59 

6  24  6    1 

6  28 

5  57 

4  ' 

Th. 

6  32: 

5  52 

6  31  5  54 

(i 

29  5  55 

6  28  5  56 

J6  26 

5  58 

!  6  25 

6    0 

6  23  6    2 

6  27 

5  58 

16  30 

"•>  53 

6  29  5  55 

(i 

28  5  5(5 

6  27  15  57 

6  25 

5  59 

16  24 

6    1 

6  22  6    3 

6  25 

5  58 

6 

Sat. 

6  28|5  55 

6  28  5  56 

(i 

275  57 

6  26;  5  58 

6  24  6    0 

6  23 

6    1 

6  21 

6    3 

6  24 

5  59 

7  'Sun. 

8  Mon. 

6  26  5  56 

6  25  ;5  57 

6  265 

6  25  L 

58 
59 

Ii 
(i 

25  5  59 
24  6    0 

6  24!  5  59 
6  23  6    0 

6  23  6    1 
6  22  6    2 

6  22 

(i  21 

6    2 
6    3 

I  6  20  6    4 
j  6  19  6    5 

6  22 
6  20 

6     1 
6     2 

9  Tit. 

6  23: 

T  59 

6  23  ( 

0 

(i 

226    1 

6  21  6    1 

!  6  20  6    2 

6  20 

6    3 

6  18 

6    5 

6  19 

6     2 

10  1  Wed. 

6  21 

(5    0 

6  21  t 

1 

(i 

206    2 

6  19  6    2 

6  19 

6    3 

6  19 

6    4    6  16 

6    6 

6  18 

6     3 

6  19 

6    1 

6  19  f 

2 

18  6    3 

6  18  6    3 

(i    l.s 

6    4 

i6  17 

6    5    6  15 

6    7 

6  16 

6     5 

L2Fri. 

(i  17:6    2 

6  17  t 

3 

«; 

16  6    4 

6  16  6    4    6  16 

6    5 

6  1616    6 

6  14 

6    7 

6  14 

6     6 

13iSat. 

6  16 

6    4 

6  16  (, 

4 

(i 

15  6    5 

6  15  6    5 

(i   15 

6    6 

6  14 

6    6 

16  13 

6    8 

6  13 

6     6 

L4  Sun. 

6  14  6    5  | 

6  146    6 

13!6    6 

6  13  6    6 

6  13 

6    7 

16  136    7 

|6  12 

6    9 

6  11 

6     7 

15  Mon. 
L7;Wed. 

i  6  12  6    6  j 
!6JO:6    7i 
:6    86    9 

6  126    7 
6  10  6    8 
6    96    9 

6 

Ii 

126    7 
10  6    8 
96    9 

6  12  6    7 
6  10  6    8 
6    96    9 

61268    6  11 
6  10  6    9  i  1  6  10 
6    96    9  1  6    9 

6    8 
6    9 
6    9 

16  10 
6    9 
6    8 

6    9 

6  10  S 
6  10  1 

6  10 
6    9 
6    7 

6     8 
6     9 
6  10 

18  Th. 

6    6 

6  10 

6    7  6  10 

Ii 

76  10 

6    7  6  10  i  6    8 

6  10 

;6    8 

6  10 

6    7 

6  11 

6    5 

6  11 

19  Fri. 

6    5 

6  11 

6    5  ( 

11 

(i 

56  11 

6    5  6  11     6    6 

6  11 

16    6 

6  11 

6    6 

6  Hi 

6    4 

6  12 

20  Sat. 

J6    3!6  12 

6    3t 

12! 

ii 

3  6  12 

6    3  6  12 

6    4  6  11     65 

6  11 

6    5 

6  12 

6    2 

6  12 

21  Sun. 

6    1 

6  13 

6    216  14 

(i 

2  6  13 

626  13 

6    3 

6  12    6    3 

6  12 

6    3 

6  12 

6    1 

6   13 

SajMon. 

5  59:6  15  i 

6    06  15 

(i 

1  6  14 

6    1  6  14116    2 

6  13  !  !  6    2 

6  13 

6    2 

6  13 

5  59 

6   14 

28  Tu. 

5  57 

6  16! 

5  59  6  16 

t; 

06  15 

606  15     6    1 

6  14  !  1  6    1 

6  14 

6    1 

6  14 

5  57 

6  16 

24:  Wed. 

5  55 

6  17 

5  57  6  17 

5 

58  6  16 

5  58  6  16 

5  59 

6  15 

5  59 

6  14 

5  59 

6  14 

5  55 

6  17 

25lTh.      I  5  54 

6  18 

5  55  6  19 

5  56  6  17 

5  56  6  17 

5  57 

6  16 

5  58  6  15 

5  58 

6  15 

5  54 

6   17 

28  Fri. 

5  52 

6  20 

5  53  6  20 

5 

5416  18 

5  55  6  18 

5  56 

6  17 

5  56 

6  16 

5  56 

6  16 

5  52 

6  18 

27  Sat. 

>5  50 

6  21 

5  52  6  21 

5 

53  6  19 

5  54  (5  19 

5  55 

6  17 

5  55 

6  16 

5  55 

6  16 

5  51 

6   19 

28!  Sun. 

5  48  6  22 

5  50  ( 

>  22 

5 

52  6  20 

5  53  6  20 

5  54|6  18 

5  54 

6  17 

5  5416  17 

5  50 

6  20 

29  i  Mon. 

5  46 

(i  23 

5  48  6  23 

5 

50  6  21 

5  51  6  20 

5  52 

(i  19 

5  53 

6  18 

5  53 

6  17  : 

5  48  6  21 

30  Tu. 

5  45^  6  24 

5  46  (i  24 

5 

486  22 

5  49  6  21 

15  5016  19 

5  52  16  18 

5  526  18' 

5  47  (i  22 

31  1  Wed. 

5  43:6  26  1  5  441  6  25 

5 

46  6  23 

5  47  6  22    5  49  i  6  20    5  50 

6  19     5  50Ui  18     5  46  6   22 

LENGTH  AND  INCREASE  OF 

DAYS. 

a 

Augusta. 

i        Boston. 

;     New  York.        !    Washington.              Raleigh. 

Charles 

town.   1    New  Orleans.;  1          San 

- 

Portland. 

j        Albany. 

Philadc 

Iphia.      1      Baltimore. 

Nashvil 

le. 

Savan 

nah. 

Mobi  c. 

Francisco. 

7. 
'- 

Oregon. 

1       Chicago. 

Indianapolis.     |      St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

I 

L'th.      Incr. 

!  L'th.      Iner. 

L'th. 

Incr.         L'th.      Incr.         L'th.      Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th.      Incr. 

L'th.      Incr. 

1 

11    11  2  20 

ill  14,2  10 

11  17 

2    2     11  20  1  54   111  25:1 

43 

11  30  1  31 

11    34  1       21 

11    23  1    50 

3 

11  17  2  26 

11  2012  16 

11  23  2    8    11  25  1  59    1 

1  29,1 

47 

11  33  1  34 

11  37      24  11  29  1  56 

5 

11  24  2  32 

11  26:2  22 

11  28 

2  13    11  30  2    4    ] 

1  34  1 

52 

11  37 

1    38 

11  41!     28;  11  332    0 

7 

11  30  2  38 

11  32  2  28 

11  34 

2  19    11  35  2    9    1 

1  88  '1 

56 

11  40 

1  41 

11  44      31 

11  39.2    6 

9 

11  36  2  44 

11  37:2  33 

11  39 

2  24     11  40  2  14    11  42  £ 

0 

11  44 

1  45 

11  47^     34!  ill  43  2  10 

11 

11  42  2  51 

111  43  12  39 

11  44 

2  29    11  45  2  19    ] 

1  47  2    5 

11  48  1  49 

11  511     38  ill  49  2  16 

13 

11  48  2  57 

ill  48:2  44 

11  49 

2  34    11  50  2  24     ] 

1  51  IS 

9 

11  52 

1  53 

11  55      42  11  53  2  20 

15 

11  54  3    3 

11  54  ;2  50 

11  55 

2  40    11  55  2  29    i 

1  56  £ 

14 

11  56 

1  57 

11  59      46 

11  58  2  25 

17 

12    03    9 

12    0:2  56 

12    0 

2  45    12    0S2  34    ] 

2    0  2  18 

12    02    1 

12    2!     49;  12    3  2  30 

19 

!12    63  15 

12    63    2 

12    6 

2  51     12    52  39  |l2    5'S 

23 

12    5 

2    6 

12    5|1  52  12    8:2  a5 

21 

12  13  3  21 

12  12  3    8 

12  11 

2  56    12  102  44  i  12    9  : 

27 

12    9 

2  10 

12    91  56  '12  122  39 

23   i  12  19  3  27 

12  18  3  14 

12  163    1     12  152  49  i 

12  14  2  32  !  !  12  13  2  14 

12  13  2    0  12  19  2  46 

25   i  12  25  3  34 

12  24  3  20 

12  22 

3    7  !  12  202  54 

2  18  ', 

36 

12  17 

2  18 

12  17  2    4  12  23  2  50 

27 

j  12  31  3  40 

12  30  3  26 

:  12  27 

3  12  !  12  25  2  59 

2  23  ', 

,  41     12  21 

2  22 

12  21  2    8  12  28  2  55 

-J!) 

i  12  37  3  46 

12  35  3  31 

12  32  3  17  i  i  12  30  3    4    12  27  2  45  i  ',  12  25 

2  26    12  24  2  11   12  33  3    0 

31 

1  12  43  3  52 

12  41  3  37  i  12  38 

,3  23  i  12  35  3    9    12  32  2  50    12  29 

2  30:  12  28  2  15   12  36  3    3 

1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


27 


MARCH,  Third  Month. 


* 

WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN  TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING  AND   SETTING. 

§     §   ! 

S     > 
S  1     2 

z. 

Sidereal       £ 

un  at 

Moon  in 

Augusta. 
Portland. 

Boston. 
Albany. 

N.  York. 
Philad'a. 

Wash'tn.    Raleigh.    Cha'ston.    N.  Or'ls. 
Baltim'e.    N'shvilleJ    Savan'li.      Mnhilo. 

San 

||| 

1* 

N 

oon. 

Neon  Mark. 

Meridian. 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Ind'polis. 

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MOON'S 

PHASES,   &c. 

SAN 

WASHINGTON. 

FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF  THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter.. 

D. 

5 

0    35  Mo. 

4     "9    34  Ev. 

Venus  in  Capricornus  until  the  5th,  then  in 

New  Moon  

;!!  13 

3    38  Mo.   1 

3      0    37 

Mo. 

z?  to  the 

30th. 

First  Quarter.. 

...21 

0    46  Mo.   20      9    45  Ev. 

Mars  by  the  Sickle  all  the  month. 

Full  Moon  

27 

4    25  Ev.    27      1     24 

Ev. 

Jupiter  in 

Pisces  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Apogee..  'll 
Moon  in  Perigee..  26 

11.6      Ev.    11      8.6      Ev. 
7.7      Ev.    20      4.7      Ev. 

Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 

MEAN  TIME   OF  BEGINNING   AND   END    OF   TWILIGHT. 

5 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.           Washington. 

Raleigh. 

i    Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

s 

Portland. 

Alba 

ny. 

Philadelphia.           Bait  n 

aore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Frant 

SCO. 

* 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.            St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

V  cksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

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THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


APRIL,  1869. 


MEAN   TIME   OF   SUN-RIS 

E   AND  SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

f  ! 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.    •     WashnSton. 

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Charleston. 

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San 

Port 

and. 

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3 

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6  50 

LENGTH 

AND  INCREASE   OP   DAYS. 

| 

Augusta. 

Boston.              New  York. 

Washington.            Raleig  .              Charleston,    i  i  New  Orleans. 

Sa 

„ 

5 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philade 

Iphia. 

Baltin 

lore.               Nashville. 

Savan 

,ah.     1 

Mob 

le. 

Franc 

isco. 

M 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Louis.              Memphis. 

Vicksl 

urg.  _ 

Tex 

3. 

Richmond. 

1 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

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L'th. 

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Incr.  [ 

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Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

j 

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12  43,3  39 

12  40 

3   25 

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2   32 

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2  16 

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3  30. 

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13    5 

4  13 

13    1 

3  57 

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3  42 

12  53 

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2  441 

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3  47 

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1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


APRIL,  Fourth  Month. 


AVASH1NGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN   TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING   AND  SETTING. 

a 

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ses. 

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36 

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11 

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26    11  57    2i    3  40 

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30 

11  22 

11  16 

11 

8 

11  33 

MOON'S 

PHASES,   &c. 

WASHINGTON. 

FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF  THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter  

3      3    40  Ev.      ? 

0    39  Ev. 

Venus  in  Pisces  until  the  24th,  then  in  Aries. 

^ew  Moon  

...11      8    39  Ev.    11 

5    38  Ev. 

Mars 

by  the  Sickle  all  the  month 

. 

First  Quarter  |19      9    58  Mo.  If 
Full  Moon  ;26      1     13  Mo.  2£ 
Moon  in  Aix><>-ee..    8      8.1      Mo.     £ 

6    57  Mo.  ! 
10    12  Ev. 

5.1      Mo.1! 

Jupiter  in  Pisces  all  the  month. 
Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Perigee..  !24     2.3     Mo.  2? 

11.3      Ev.    !  Venus  nearest  Jupiter  the  22d. 

I 

1 

MEAN    TIME  OF  BEGINNING   AND  END   OF  TWILIGHT. 

•5  i         Augx 

Boston. 

New  York.          Washington.    ' 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans.  ! 

San 

1  i 

Portl 

and. 

Albany. 

Philadelpl  i 

i.          Baltimore. 

NMD 

ville.     | 

Savat 

nah. 

Mobile.        | 

Francisco. 

m 

* 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapoli 

i.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Ticks 

)urg. 

Telas. 

Richmond. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.  End 

s.       Begins 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Endg.  |  j  Begins.  'Ends,  j 

Begins.  I  Ends. 

6 

4    0 

3  49 

8    7 
8  16 

4      88      1 

3  57  8    8 

4  12  7  ,' 

428 

»6      4  It 
3      4    ( 

)  7   58  | 

7  .V.) 

4  20 
4   12 

7  48  i 
7  53  i 

4  25 

4  18 

7  43! 
7  47 

4  29  7  39 
4  23      42  ! 

4  17  |  7  51 
4    97  56 

11 

1C, 

3  3!l  8  23 
8  27l8  32 

3  47  8  15 
3  37  8  22 

3  52  8  1 
3  43  8  1 

0      3  56  8    6 

6      3  47  8  12  I 

4    3  7  59  i 
86516    41 

4  11  7  51   14  16      46  i 

4    37  56!    4    9      50 

'4    08    2 

3  51  8    8 

81 

3  17 

8  4 

1 

3  27  8  30 

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&      3  3r 

t  8  18 

3  47 

8  10 

355 

8    2!    4    2      55i 

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20 

30 

3    7 
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853 

3  17  8  38 
3    9  8  45 

3  25  8  '. 
3  18I8  C 

0      3  31  8  24 
6!     3241830 

3  40,8  15| 
3  34  |S  20 

3  48 
3  44 

8    7 
8  10 

3  56      59 
3538    l! 

3  36!8  20' 
3  29'8  25! 

30 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


MAY,   1869. 


MEAN   TIME   OF  SUN-RISE  AND  SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

-j 

Augusta. 

Boston.       j 

New  York. 

Washington 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

Port 

and. 

Albany.          I 

hilade 

Iphia. 

Balti 

Nasl 

ville. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Francisco. 

)| 

Bay  of 

Ore 

'on. 

Chicago. 

X 

udiana 

polls. 

St.  I 

,OU1«. 

Mem 

phis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

i 

the 

9 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

1 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.  1  Seta. 

Rises.  . 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Seta 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.  1  Sets. 

Rises. 

Seta. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

i 

Sat. 

4  50  7     4 

4  557    0 

4  59|  6  56 

5      2  6  55 

Jj!5    8 

6  46    5  13  6  41 

5  17  6  37 

5     3  6    51 

2  Sun. 

4  49 

7      5 

4  537    1 

4 

57  ( 

)   57 

5    1 

r,  5. 

J    5    7 

6  47    5  12  6  42 

5  16  6  38 

5    2  6  52 

8  Mon. 

4  47 

7    6 

4  52  7    2 

4  56  |6  58 

5    0  6  54i  5    6!6  48!  5  11J6  43 

5  15  i  6  39 

5    Ij6  53 

4Tu. 

4  46 

7    7 

4  50  7    3 

4 

54  ;( 

j  59 

4  58 

t;  5. 

>!  5    4 

6  49  i!  5  10|6  44 

5  14  6  40 

4  59 

6   54 

5 

Wed. 

4  45 

7    8 

4  49  7    4 

4 

53  r 

t    0 

4  57 

<>  ;,( 

i    5    4 

6  50 

j  5  10  6  45 

5  18 

6  40 

4  58 

6   55 

6 

Th. 

4  43 

7    9 

4  48 

7    5 

4  52  ' 

r  i 

4  56  16  5' 

'   |  6    3  6  51 

5    9 

6  45 

5  13 

6  41 

4  57  6  56 

7 

Fri. 

4  42 

7  11 

4  477    6 

4 

51  ' 

*    2 

4  55 

6  5i 

*    5    2 

6  52 

5    8 

6  46 

5  12 

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8 

Sat. 

4  41 

7  12 

4  46 

7    7 

4 

50  ' 

r  3 

4  54 

(i  .7. 

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g 

Sun. 

4  39 

7  13 

4  45  7    8 

4  49' 

r  4 

4  53|7    ( 

)    5    0 

6  53 

5    6 

6  47 

5  11 

6  43 

4  54 

6  58 

10 

Mon. 

4  38 

7  14 

4  44  7    9 

4 

48' 

r  5 

4  52 

7   : 

4  59 

6  54 

5    5 

6  48 

5  10 

6  44 

4  53 

ti   59 

11 

Tu. 

4  37 

7  15 

4  43 

7  10 

4 

47  ' 

''  S 

4  51 

7    5 

J|  4  58 

6  55 

5    5 

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5    9 

6  44 

4  52 

7     0 

12 

Wed. 

4  3(i 

7  17 

4  42 

7  11 

4 

46  ' 

4  50 

7    i 

!    4  57 

6  56 

5    4 

6  49 

5    9 

6  45 

4  52 

7     1 

18 

Th. 

4  35 

7  18 

4  41 

7  12 

4 

45  ' 

r  s 

4  49 

7    4 

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6  57 

5    :< 

6  50 

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14 

Fri. 

4  34 

7  19 

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4 

44' 

r  9 

4  48 

7    5  i  4  55 

6  58 

5    2 

6  51 

15    7 

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15 

Sat. 

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7  20 

4  39|7  14 

4 

43' 

'  10 

4  47 

7    ( 

>    4  55 

6  58 

5    2 

6  51 

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7     4 

16 

Sun. 

4  31 

7  21 

4  38  7  15 

4 

42  ' 

r  11 

4  46 

7    r 

'  4  54 

6  59 

5    1 

6  52 

5    6 

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7     5 

n 

Mon. 

4  30 

7  22 

4  37 

7  16 

4 

42  r 

r  11 

4  46 

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7    0 

5    1 

6  53 

5    6 

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4  47 

7     5 

is 

Tu. 

4  29 

7  23 

4  36 

7  17 

4 

41' 

'  12 

4  45 

7    * 

S  1  4  53 

7    0 

5    0 

6  53 

5    5 

6  48 

4  47 

7     6 

lit 

Wed. 

4  28 

7  24 

4  36 

7  18 

4 

40r 

'  13 

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7    f 

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7  25 

;  35 

7  19 

4 

407  14 

4  44 

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M 

Fri. 

4  26 

7  26 

4  34 

7  20 

4 

39  r 

'  15 

443 

7  11 

»|  4  51 

7    1   !  4  58 

6  55  i  5    4 

6  50 

4  45 

7     9 

•>-2 

Sat. 

4  25 

7  27 

4  33 

7  21! 

4 

38  " 

16 

443 

7  11 

4  51 

7    3    4  58 

6  56 

5    3 

6  50 

4  44 

7     9 

•2:, 

Sun. 

4  25 

7  28 

4  32 

7  22 

4 

37  " 

17 

4  42 

7  12  i  4  50 

7    4    4  57 

6  57 

5    3 

6  51 

4  43  "   10 

-2! 

Mon. 

4  24 

7  29 

4  32 

7  x'3     4 

37' 

18 

442 

7  If 

4  50 

7    5    4  57 

i  57 

5    2 

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Tu. 

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4  31 

7  24    4 

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19 

4  41 

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4  42i7  12 

26 

Wed. 

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4 

35' 

19 

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7  26 

4 

35  " 

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440 

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Fri. 

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4 

34  ' 

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4  28 

7  28i|4  34J7  22  i 

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30  Sun. 

4  20 

7  35 

4  27 

7  28  !  I  4 

33- 

23 

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7  1* 

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7    9!  4  54 

7    1 

5    06  55 

4  40  7   1<; 

31:  Mon. 

4  19  7  36 

4  2(5  7  29  |  4 

32  •" 

23 

4  37J7  18!!  4  46 

7    9    4  54 

715    Olf»  55' 

4  4017   16 

LENGTH  AND  INCREASE  OF 

DATS. 

.d 

,      Augusta. 

|       Boston. 

New  York. 

'    Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charlcstown. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

1 

Portland. 

i        Albany. 

Ph  lade 

Iphia. 

Ualtimor 

Nashvil 

e. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Francisco. 

a 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indian 

ipolis. 

St.  Louis 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas.        | 

Richmond. 

I 

1    L'th.      Incr. 

!  L'th.      Incr. 

L'th. 

!ncr. 

j  I    L'th.    j  In 

L'th.    i  Incr. 

L'th.      Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

i 

14   13  5   22 

14    55    1 

13  57 

4  42 

13  50  4 

34 

13  39  3 

57 

13  28  3   29 

13  20  3    7  13  4™8;4  15 

8 

!  14  18  5  27 

14  10|5    6 

14    2  4  47 

13  54  4 

28 

13  43  4 

1  i 

13  32  3  33 

13  24  3  11!  [13  524  191 

5 

14  24  5  32 

.14  1515  11 

14    7 

4  52 

13  59  4 

13  47  4 

5 

13  35  3  36 

13  27  3  14! 

13  57  4  24 

14  29  5  37 

14  19  5  15 

14  11 

4  56 

14    34 

37 

13  50  4 

8 

13  38  3  39 

13  30  3  17! 

14    1428 

9 

14  34  5  42 

114  235  19  ||  14  15 

5    0  H14    7l4 

11 

13  54  4 

12! 

13  41 

3  42 

13  32  3  19 

14    4  4  31 

11 

14  38  '5  47 

14  2 

-  5  23 

;  14  19 

5    4|  14  11|4 

15 

13  57,4 

15 

13  44 

3  45 

13  35  3  22 

14    8!4  .35 

18 

14  43  i  5  52 

143 

5  27 

14  23 

5    8 

!  14  15'4 

1!) 

14    14 

19 

13  47 

3  48 

13  37  3  24 

14  111  4  38 

15 

14  47  5  56 

'14  3 

'•>  5  31 

14  2" 

5  12 

14  18'4 

-•> 

14    4'4 

22 

13  49  3  50 

13  39  3  26 

14  15  4  42 

17 

14  52  6    1 

11  39  5  35 

14  30 

5  15 

14  21  4 

55 

14    7j4 

25 

13  52  3  53 

13  42  3  29!  14  184  45 

1!) 

14  56  6    5 

!14  42  5  38 

14  34 

5  191!  14  244 

58 

14    9'4 

27 

13  54  3  55 

13  44:3  31  14  21!  4  48 

15    069 

114  46  5  42 

14  37 

5  22 

14  2715 

I 

14  12  4 

30    13  57  3  58 

13  46  3  33  14  24  4  51 

2;3 

15    4'6  12 

'14  505  46j  14  40 

5  25 

114  305 

i 

14  15  4 

33    14    04    1 

13  48  3  35  14  27  4  54 

25  i  15    7  6  Hi 

!14  53  5  4!) 

14  43 

5  2.1* 

114  33  5 

7 

14  17  4 

35 

14    24    3 

13  503  37:  14  304  57 

27  1  1  15  11  6  20 

14  57  5  53 

14  46  5  31 

ri4  36  5 

10 

14  20  4 

38 

14    44    5 

13  523  39;  14  32!  4  59 

29   !  15  14  6  23 

15    05  56    14  49:5  34!  14  39  5 

13 

14  22  4 

40    14    54    6 

13  543  41!  14  355    2 

31  i  15  17  6  26 

!15    35  59|  14  52i5  37 

14  41  5 

15 

14  24  4  42    14    7!4    8    13  55:3  42,14  41.5    8 

1869.] 


ASTEONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


31 


MAY,  Fifth  Month. 


WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN  TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING   AND   SETTING. 

1 

1 

-W      .     i   SiH 

Moon 

Augusta. 

Boston,    i  N.  York.     Wash'tn.  '  Raleigh.     Cha'ston.  '  N.  Or'  s. 

San 

1 

•s 

i 

•s 

IP 

Noon. 

Noon  Mark. 

Meridis 

"       Portland. 
"•      Oregon. 

Albany. 
Chicago. 

Philad'a. 
Ind'polis. 

Baltm'e.   N'shville.     Savan'h. 
St.  Louis.    Memp's.  :  Vicksb'g. 

Mob  le. 
Texas. 

Fr'ncisco. 

i 

1 

Day. 

Morn'g. 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

1'121     10.15 

9 

22 

U   5B  54 

"4   M 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

M 

ra. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

11 

56 

Morn. 

2  122    20.6 

9 

is 

11  56  47 

5  2-1 

30 

26 

21 

17 

10 

3 

Mo 

20 

3  123    21.6 

9 

14 

11  56  41 

6  1-. 

, 

1    10 

1      7 

1     3 

59 

52 

46 

10 

1 

2 

4124    22.6 

9 

10 

11  56  35 

6  ot 

! 

1  45 

1  42 

1  39 

1 

86 

1  30' 

1  25 

1 

20 

1 

40 

5  125  ;  23.6 

9 

6 

11  56  29 

1  42 

2  16 

2  13 

2  11 

2 

8 

2    4 

2    0 

1 

2  13 

(j  126  i  24.6 

9 

2 

11  50  25 

8  2' 

2  44 

2  43 

2  41 

2 

89 

2  36 

2  34 

2 

11 

I 

J  44 

7  127  !  ;  25.6 

8 

58 

11  56  20 

9    " 

3  11 

3  10 

3    9 

8 

8 

3    7 

3    5 

3 

4 

! 

5  14 

8  128  j  26.6 

8  54 

Q    .tn 

11  56  17 

9  4!) 

3  36 

4n 

3  36 

3  36 

3 

36 

3  36 

3  36 

3 

[6 

3  42 

9  129  1  1  27.6 
10  130    28.6 

8 

uu 

1C, 

11  56  14 
11  56  11 

11  17 

A 

4  31 

4  33 

4  35 

4 

36 

4  39 

4  42 

4 

45 

4  43 

11  131  ]     0.0 

8 

42 

11  56    9 

Ev.     4 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

13 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Be 

s. 

s 

sets. 

12132!!   1.0 

8 

39 

11  56    8 

53 

8  15 

8  12 

8    8 

8 

4 

7  58 

7  52 

7 

16 

8    8 

13 

1  33 

2.0 

8 

35 

11  56    7 

1  4r 

9  16 

9  12 

9    8 

9 

4 

8  56 

8  50 

8 

43 

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14  134 

3.0 

8 

31 

11  56    7 

2  3! 

10  15 

10  11 

10    7 

10 

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9  54 

9  48 

9 

10 

1( 

)    5 

15  135 

4.0 

8  27 

11  56    8 

3  34 

11  10 

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10 

57 

10  49 

10  42 

10 

35 

11    0 

16  136 

5.0 

8 

23 

11  56    9 

4  3C 

11  59 

11  55     11  51 

11 

47 

11  40 

11  34 

11 

27 

1] 

50 

17  137 

6.0 

8 

19 

11  56  10 

5  21 

Morn. 

Morn.         Morn. 

M 

>rn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Mo 

1 

IS  :  138 

7.0 

8 

15 

11  56  12 

6  20 

43 

40 

36 

33 

27 

22 

16 

°37 

19  139 

8.0 

8 

11 

11  56  15 

7  14 

1  21 

1    19 

1  16 

1 

1  1 

1      9 

1    5 

1 

1 

1 

18 

20 

140 

9.0 

8 

7 

11  56  18 

8    (. 

1  57 

1  55 

1  54 

1 

52 

1  49 

1  47 

1 

11 

] 

57 

21 

141     10.0 

8 

3 

11  56  21 

8  58 

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2  29 

2  28 

2 

28 

2  27 

2  2(> 

2 

25 

2  33 

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7 

59 

11  56  26 

9  5( 

3  ~2 

3    2 

3    3 

3 

3 

3  ~4 

3    5 

3 

6 

i 

5  10 

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7 

r>r, 

11  58  30 

10  43 

3  34 

3  35 

3  37 

3  38 

3  41 

3  43 

3  46 

3  45 

24  144     13.0 

7 

51 

11  56  35 

11  3" 

4  10 

4  12 

4  14 

4 

17 

4  21 

4  25 

4 

29 

i 

I  24 

25 

145  i  i  14.0 

7 

47 

11  56  41 

Morn 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Hi 

868. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

His 

88. 

X 

ises. 

21  i 

146 

15.0 

44 

11  56  47 

32 

8  33 

8  29 

8  24 

8 

20 

8  13 

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7 

59 

j 

J  23 

27 

147 

16.0 

40 

11  56  54 

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9  32 

9  28 

9  23 

9 

IS 

9  10 

9    4 

8 

56 

1 

)  21 

28 

148 

17.0 

' 

36 

11  57    1 

2  *} 

10  23 

10  19 

10  15 

10 

10 

10    2 

9  55 

9 

18 

10  13 

29 

149 

18.0 

• 

3-J 

11  57    9 

3  14 

11     7 

11    3 

10  59 

10 

55 

10  48 

10  42 

10 

35 

1( 

)  59 

30 

150 

19.0 

28 

11  57  17 

4    4 

11  45 

11  42 

11  38 

11 

34 

11  28 

11  23 

i; 

17 

11  38 

31  151     20.0 

' 

24    11  57  25 

4  52 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

M 

>rn. 

Morn. 

12    0 

11 

55        Morn. 

MOON'S 

PHASES.   <l-c. 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN 

FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF   THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter.. 

3      8    33  Mo. 

1 

3     "5    32  Mo. 

Venus  in  Aries  until  the  18th.  then  in  Taurus. 

New  Moon..  .  . 

..111     10    59  Mo. 

11      7    58  Mo.   !  Mars  by  the  Sickle  all  the  month. 

First  Quarter.. 

.  .  .  18      4    21  Ev. 

!l8      1     20  Ev.      Jupiter  in 

Ai'ies  all  the  month. 

Full  Moon  

..25    10    15  Mo. 

25      7    14  Mo.      Saturn  in  £ 

k'orpio  all  the  mo 

nth. 

Moon  in  Apogee..    6      0.5      Mo. 

5      9.5      Ev.      Uranus  in 

Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Perigee..]  21      4.5      Ev. 

121      1.5      Ev. 

MEAN  TIME 

OF  BEGINNING   AND  END    OF  TWILIGHT. 

•= 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.           TV  ash  ngton. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

1  New  Orleans. 

Si. 

n 

g 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philade 

Iphia.           Bait  more. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mot 

lie. 

Franc 

ieco. 

•8 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indiana 

polis.            St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Tex 

as. 

Richmond. 

I 

Begins.!  Ends. 

Begins.  1  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends.      Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.  I  Ends. 

Begins.  1  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

1 

2  55  8  59 

3      718  47 

3  i«  8  38      3  22!  8  32      3  32  8  21 

3  43  8  11 

3  51  !8    3 

3  27 

S       *J* 

6 

2  45  9    8 

2  58  8  56 

3    8 

8  46      3  14  i8  40!    3  268  28 

3  37  8  17 

3  45 

S     '.1 

3  20 

8  34 

11 

2  34  9  18 

2  51  9    4 

3    0 

8  54      3    6  8  47      3  19  8  34 

3  31  8  22      3  40 

S    11 

3  12 

8  40 

16 

.  2  25  9  28 

2  42  9  12 

2  52  9    2      2  598  54      3  138  41 

1  3  268  28  i    3  36  8  19 

3    6 

8  47i 

21 

'  2  16  9  37 

2  33  9  20 

2  44 

99      2  52  9    1   !  3    7  8  47 

;  3  21  8  32  1    3  32 

S  23 

2  59 

8  54 

2    7  9  46 

2  24  9  28 

2  37 

9  16      2  46  9    7      3    2  8  51 

3  17  8  36 

3  28 

8  26 

2  54 

8  59 

•ii 

2    0,9  55 

2  15  9  35 

2  3i;9  22      2  429  12|    2  588  56  i 

3  14  8  40 

3  25  8  29 

2  509    4 

32 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


JUNE,  1869. 


MEAN   TIME   OF  SUN-RISE  AND 

SUN-SET  ;    FOB  SUN'S   UPPER  LIMB. 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York,    i 

Wi 

shington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

•fi 

B 

Portland. 

Albany. 

P 

liladolp 

ia. 

B 

i  timore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mob  le. 

Francisco. 

I 

• 

Day  of 
the 

Oregon. 

Chicago.      | 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Lou  s. 

Memphis. 

Vieksburg. 

Texas. 

Riot  mond. 

1 
% 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

1 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

11 

ses.     Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises,  i  Sets. 

1 

Tu. 

4  IS  7  37 

4  26(7  30 

i 

327 

24 

4  37 

7  19 

4  41 

7  10 

4  54  7    2 

5    0|6  56 

4  39:7   17 

•J 

Wed. 

4  18  7  37 

4  25 

7  31 

4 

31  7 

25 

4  37 

7  19 

4  45 

7  10 

4  53  7    2 

4  59,6  56 

4  39  7   18 

:5 

Th. 

4  17  7  38 

4  25 

7  32 

4 

31:7 

26 

4 

',(', 

7  20 

4  45 

7  11 

4  53:7    3 

4  59!  6  57 

4  39:7   18 

4 

Fri. 

4  17 

7  39! 

4  24 

7  32 

t 

30  7 

26 

4 

56 

7  20 

4  45 

7  11 

4  537    3 

4  59  6  57 

4  39  7   19 

5 

Sat. 

4  17 

7  40 

4  24 

7  33 

4 

30 

7 

37 

4  36 

7  21 

4  45 

7  12 

4  537    4 

4  59  6  58 

4  38  7  19 

6 

Sun. 

4  16 

41 

4  23 

7  33 

4 

29 

7 

21 

4 

;:, 

7  21 

4  44 

7  12 

4  52  7    4 

4  59 

6  58 

4  38  7  20 

^ 

Mon. 

4  16 

41 

4  23 

7  34 

1 

2!) 

7 

2* 

4 

55 

7  22 

4  44 

7  13 

4  52  7    5 

4  59 

6  58 

4  38  7   20 

8 

Tu. 

4  16 

42 

4  23 

7  35 

1 

29 

7 

>U 

4  35 

7  23 

4  44 

7  14 

4  52 

7    5 

4  59 

6  59 

4  37 

7   21 

9 

Wed. 

4  16 

42 

4  22 

7  35 

4 

28 

7 

29 

4 

34 

7  23 

4  43 

7  14 

4  52 

7    6 

4  59 

6  59 

4  37 

7  21 

to 

Th. 

4  15 

43 

4  22 

7  36 

1 

2,s 

7 

SO 

4 

54 

1  24 

4  43 

7  15 

4  527    6 

4  59 

7    0 

4  37 

7   21 

11 

Fri. 

4  15 

43 

4  22 

7  36 

1 

28 

7  30 

4  34 

7  24 

4  43 

7  15 

4  52  7    7 

4  59 

7    0 

4  37 

7   22 

1-2 

Sat'. 

4  15 

7  44 

4  22 

7  37 

4 

28 

7 

31 

4 

5! 

7  25 

4  43 

7  16 

4  527    7 

4  59 

7    0 

4  37 

7   22 

13 

Sun. 

4  15 

7  44 

4  oo 

7  37  | 

4 

28  1  7 

31 

4 

54 

7  25 

4  43 

7  16 

4  52  7    8 

4  59 

7    1 

4  37 

7   23 

14 

Moii. 

4  15 

7  45 

4  22 

7  38 

4 

28  7  32 

4  34 

7  26 

4  43 

7  16 

4  52  7    8 

4  59 

7    1 

4  37 

7   23 

15 

Tu. 

4  15 

7  46 

4  22 

7  38 

1 

28 

7 

52 

4 

]! 

7  2(5 

4  43 

7  16 

4  527    8 

4  59 

7    1 

4  37 

7   23 

16 

Wed. 

4  15 

7  46 

4  22 

7  38 

1 

28 

7 

!2 

4  , 

54 

7  26 

4  43 

7  17 

4  527    9 

4  59 

7    2 

4  37 

7   24 

17  Th. 

4  15 

7  46 

4  22 

7  39l 

4 

28 

7  33 

4  34 

7  27 

4  43 

7  18 

4  52  7    9 

4  59 

7    2 

437 

7   24 

18  Fri. 

4  15  7  47 

4  22 

7  39 

4 

28 

7 

53 

4  - 

i! 

7  27 

4  43 

7  18 

4  52  7    9 

4  59 

7    2 

4  38  7   24 

19 

Sat. 

4  15  7  47  ! 

4  -2-2 

7  39 

•1 

28 

7 

53 

4  « 

51 

7  27 

4  43 

7  18 

452 

7    9 

4  59 

7    2 

4  38J7  25 

211 

Sun. 

4  15J7  47!|4  22 

7  39 

4 

2S 

7  33 

4  34 

7  27 

4  43 

7  18 

4  52 

7  10 

4  59 

7    3 

4  3817   25 

21 

Mou. 

4  15|7  48 

4  23 

7  39 

4 

29 

7 

H 

4  , 

!.-, 

7  28 

4  44 

7  19 

4  53 

7  10 

4  59 

7    3 

4  38 

7   25 

•2-2 

Tu. 

4  16  7  48 

4  23 

7  39 

4 

29 

7  34 

4  35 

7  28 

4  44 

7  19 

4  53  7  10 

4  59 

7    3 

4  38 

7   25 

•>:>> 

Wed. 

4  16  7  48 

4  23 

7  40! 

4 

29 

7 

11 

4  « 

55 

7  28 

4  44 

7  19 

4  53  7  10 

4  59 

7    3 

4  39 

7   26 

•2\ 

Th. 

4  167  48; 

4  23 

7  40  [ 

4 

oi) 

7 

H 

4  : 

$5 

7  28 

4  44 

7  19 

4  53  7  10 

5    0 

7    4 

4  39  7   26 

25 

Fri. 

4  16  7  48  ! 

4  23 

7  40! 

1 

29 

7 

51 

4  , 

55 

7  29 

4  44 

7  20 

4  53  7  11 

5    0 

7    4 

4  39  7   26 

26 

Sat. 

4  17!  7  48 

4  23 

7  40  1 

4 

29 

7  35 

4  35 

7  29 

4  44 

7  20 

4  53 

7  11 

5    0 

7    4 

4  39 

7   26 

27 

Sun. 

4  17  7  48 

4  24 

7  40 

4 

:!() 

7 

i.-, 

4  J 

56 

7  29 

4  45 

7  20 

4  54 

7  11 

5    0 

7    4 

4  40 

7   26 

2S 

Mon. 

4  18  7  48 

4  24 

7  40  i 

4 

30 

735| 

4  ; 

!<i 

7  29 

4  45 

7  20 

4  54 

7  11 

5    1 

7    4 

4  40  7   26 

29 

Tu. 

4  18  7  48 

4  24 

7  40 

4 

30 

7 

r> 

4  ; 

if, 

7  29 

4  45 

7  20 

4  54 

7  11 

5    1 

7    4 

4  41  7   26 

30 

Wed. 

4  19  7  48 

4  25 

7  40 

4 

31 

735,! 

4  37 

7  29  |  4  46 

7  20 

4  55l7  11 

5    1 

7    4 

4  41  17   26 

LENGTH 

AND  INCREASE  OF  DATS. 

•5    !         Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York. 

Washir 

gton. 

Raleigh.             Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

§ 

Portland. 

Albany.              PI  iladc 

Iphia. 

Baltin 

ore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mobi  e. 

Francisco. 

^ 

•- 

Oregon. 

Chicago.            Indiana 

polls. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmord. 

£ 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

lucr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th.    |  Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

L'th. 

Incr. 

i 

15   18 

6  27 

15 

16    6    14  53 

5   38 

14  42 

5  16     1 

4  25 

143J14    8 

4    9   18  56 

3  43 

14  3S 

5    5 

3 

15  21 

6  2!) 

15    76    3    14  55 

5  40 

14  44 

5  18    1 

4  27 

i  45  j  14  10 

4  11 

13  58 

3  45 

14  3!) 

5    6 

5 

15  23 

(i  32 

15 

Mi    5 

14  57 

5  42 

14  45 

5  19     1 

4  28 

i  46:!  14  11 

4  12! 

13  59 

3  46 

14  41 

5    8 

7 

15  25 

6  34 

15  1 

1  6    7 

14  59 

5  44 

14  47 

5  21     1 

4  30 

i  48!  !  14  13 

4  14! 

13  59 

3  46 

14  42 

5    9 

9 

15  27 

6  35 

15  13  6    9 

15    1 

5  46 

14  49 

5  23    1 

4  31 

i  49|il4  14 

4  15! 

14    0 

3  47 

14  44 

5  11 

11 

15  28 

6  37 

15  14  6  10 

15    2 

5  47 

14  50 

5  24    1 

4  32 

I  50    14  15 

4  16 

14    1 

3  48 

14  45 

5  12 

13 

15  29 

6  38 

15  15  6  11 

15    3 

5  48 

14  51 

5  25    1 

4  33 

t  51  j  14  16 

4  17 

14    2 

3  49 

14  46 

5  13 

15 

15  31 

6  39 

15  16  6  12 

15    4 

5  49 

14  52 

5  26     1 

4  34 

t  52  !  14  16 

4  17 

14    2 

3  49 

14  46 

5  13 

17 

15  32 

6  40 

15  17  6  13 

15    5 

5  50 

14  53 

5  26     1 

4  35 

1  53  i  14  17 

4  18 

14    3 

3  50 

14  47 

5  14 

19 

15  32 

6  40 

15  17  i  6  13 

15    5 

5  50 

14  53 

5  26     1 

4  35 

t  53  i  14  17 

4  18 

14    3 

3  50  114  47 

5  14 

21 

15  32 

Dor. 

15  1 

7    Dcr. 

15    5 

Dcr. 

14  53 

Dcr.        J 

4  35 

Dcr. 

14   17 

Dcr. 

14    3 

Dcr.     14  47 

Dcr. 

23 

15  32 

0      0 

15  17  0    0 

15    5 

0    0 

14  53 

0    0    1 

4  35 

)  o  [ 

14  17 

0    0!   14    3 

0    0  14  47 

G    01 

25 

15  31 

0      1 

15  17  0    0 

15    5 

0    0 

14  53 

0    0    1 

4  35 

J    0    14  17 

0    0    14    3 

0    0 

14  47 

0    0 

27 

15  31 

0    1 

15  16  0    1 

15    4 

0    1 

14  53 

0    0    1 

4  35 

3    0  ! 

14  17 

0    0 

14    3 

0    0 

14  46 

0    ll 

29 

15  30 

0    2 

15  16  0    1 

15    4 

0    1 

14  53 

0    0    ] 

4  35 

1    0    14  17 

0    0|14    8 

0    0 

14  45 

0    2 

;:o 

15  29  0    3     15  15  0    2     15    3 

0    2 

14  52 

0    1     ] 

4  34 

J    1  i  14  16 

0    ill  14    3 

0    0   14  45 

0    2 

ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 
JUNE,  Sixth  Month. 


33 


WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN.     |                   MEAN  TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING  AND   SETTING. 

.e  Month. 

i 

a 

L 

§  i 

Sid 

ereal 

Sun  at 

Moon  in       AuSusta- 

Boston,    j  N.York.     Wash'tn.    Raleigh. 

Cha'ston. 

N.  Or'ls. 
Mob  le. 

San 

•s 

£ 

•S 

'a 

N 

oon. 

No 

in  Mun: 

Meridian. 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Ind'polis.  ;  St.  Louis. 

Fr'ncisoo. 

p 

ft 

Days. 

Morn'g. 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

1 

152 

21.0 

7 

20  ill 

57  34     5  37 

17 

15 

12 

9 

4 

Morn. 

J  orn. 

13 

2153 

22.0 

7 

16 

11 

57  43     6  21 

47 

45 

4 

3 

41 

38 

35 

31 

4(5 

3154 

23.0 

7 

12 

11 

57  53     7    3 

1  13 

1  12 

1  10 

1 

9 

1    7 

1     5 

1 

3 

- 

I  14 

4 

155 

24.0 

7 

8 

11 

58    3     7  45 

1  39 

1  39 

1  3 

8 

1 

38 

1  37 

1  37 

1 

36 

(  43 

5 

156 

25.0 

7 

4 

1! 

58  14     8  27 

2    4 

2    4 

2 

5 

2 

5 

2    6 

2    7 

2 

8 

; 

i  12 

6 

157 

26.0 

7 

0 

11 

58  24 

9  11 

2  32 

2  33 

2  35 

2 

36 

2  39 

2  41 

2 

48 

2  43 

7 

158 

27.0 

(5 

56 

11 

58  a- 

9  57 

3    2 

3    3 

3 

; 

3 

8 

3  12 

3  15 

3 

19 

3  16 

8 

159 

28.0 

6 

52 

n 

58  4" 

10  45 

3  35' 

3  38 

3  4 

l 

3 

44 

3  49 

3  54 

3 

59 

J  52 

9 

160 

29.01  6 

48 

li 

58  58   11  36 

4  13 

4  17 

4  21 

4 

25 

4  31 

4  37 

4 

13 

4  33 

10 

161 

0.5 

6 

15 

11 

59  10  1  EV.  si 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets 

a 

2tS.' 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Se 

ts. 

3et«. 

11 

162 

1.5 

6 

11 

n 

59  23     1  27 

9    3 

9    0 

8  5 

5 

8 

40 

8  42 

8  36 

8 

28 

3  53 

12 

163 

2.5    6 

37 

11 

59  35 

2  24 

9  56 

9  53 

9  48 

9 

44 

9  37 

9  30 

9 

28 

9  47 

13 

1(54 

3.5 

6 

33 

11 

59  4r 

3  22 

10  43 

10  40 

10  3 

; 

10 

32 

10  26 

10  20 

10 

]  4 

1 

)  36 

14 

Ifi5 

4.5  i  6 

29 

12 

0    ( 

4  17 

11  24 

11  21 

11  18 

11 

15 

11  10 

11    6 

1  1 

1 

11  19 

15 

166 

5.5 

6 

25 

12 

0  13     5  11 

12    0 

11  59 

11  5 

7 

11 

55 

11  51 

11  48 

11 

45 

1 

1  59 

16 

167 

6.5 

(i 

2\ 

12 

0  26:    6    3 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn 

if 

}rn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Mo 

1 

[orn. 

17 

168 

(i 

17 

12 

0  38!    6  54 

83 

32 

31 

30 

29 

27 

26 

36 

18 

109 

8^5 

6 

13 

12 

0  51 

7  45 

1    5 

1    5 

1 

> 

1 

5 

1    6 

1    6 

1 

6 

t  12 

19 

170 

9.5    6 

9 

12 

1    4 

8  36 

1  37 

1  38 

1  39 

1 

41 

1  42 

1  44 

1 

46 

1  47 

20  171 

10.5 

6 

5 

12 

1  17     9  28 

2    8 

2  10 

2  1 

2 

2 

15 

2  18 

2  21 

g 

25 

2  22 

21  172 

11.5 

6 

1 

12 

1  30   10  21 

2  44 

2  47 

2  5 

0 

2 

53 

2  58 

3    3 

3 

8 

3    1 

22  173 

12.5 

5  57 

12 

1  43   11  15 

3  23 

3  27 

3  31 

3 

35 

3  41 

3  47 

3 

53 

343 

23  174 

13.5 

5 

53 

12 

1   56      Morn. 

Rises. 

Rises.  ' 

Rises 

Ri 

see. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

RU 

es. 

F 

ises. 

24175 

14.5 

5 

49 

12 

2    8 

10 

8  13 

8  10 

8      5 

8 

0 

7  52 

7  46 

7 

38 

3    3 

25117(5 

15.5 

5 

id 

12 

2  21 

1    3 

9    2 

8  58 

8  5 

1 

8 

49 

8  42 

8  35 

8 

28 

. 

3  52 

26il77 

16.5 

5 

42 

12 

2  34 

1  55 

9  42 

9  39 

9  3 

5 

9 

31 

9  24 

9  18 

9 

12 

)  34 

27178 

17.5 

5 

38 

12 

2  46 

2  44 

10  18 

10  15 

10  12 

10 

8 

10    3 

9  58 

9 

53 

1013 

28 

179 

18.5 

5 

34 

12 

2  58     3  31 

10  49 

10  47 

10  4 

1 

10 

42 

10  38 

10  34 

10 

80 

1 

J  46 

29 

180 

19.5 

5 

30 

12 

3  101    4  16 

11  15 

11  14 

11  1 

2 

ii 

11 

11    8 

11    6 

11 

3 

1 

1  16 

30  181 

20.5 

5 

26    12 

3  22i    4  59 

11  41 

11  40     11  39 

11 

39     11  37 

11  36 

11 

35 

11  43 

MOON'S 

PHASES,  &c. 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN 
FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF  THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter  

2 

2    13  Mo. 

1    11    12  Ev. 

Venus  in 

Taurus  until  the  llth,  then  in 

New  Moon. 

9 

10    44  Ev 

9      7    43  Ev. 

Gei 

nini. 

First  Quarter  

16 

9      7Ev.    1 

6      6      6  Ev. 

Mars 

in  Leo,  east  of  the  Sickle. 

Full  Moon. 

2'! 

8    31  Ev.    2 

3      5    30  Ev. 

Jupit 

er  in 

Aries  all  the  mouth. 

Moon  in  Apogee.. 

2 

6.8      Ev. 

2      3.8      Ev. 

Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Per 

i'_-< 

e.. 

16 

4.7      Mo.  1 

6      1.7      Mo. 

Uran 

is  in 

Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Apogee.. 

50 

1.2      Ev.    3 

0    10.2      Mo. 

Saturn  brightest  this  month. 

MEAN    TIME  OF  BEGINNING  AND  END  OF  TWILIGHT. 

I 

Augusta. 
Portland 

Boston. 
Albany. 

Philade  phia.           Baltimore. 

Raleigh. 

Nashville. 

Charleston. 
Savannah. 

New  Orleans. 
Mobile. 

San 

" 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

B'g 

.     Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ei 

ds.      Begins 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.;  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

1 

1  59    9  5(5 

2  17 

9  37 

2  329 

23        2  41 

9  13 

2  57 

8  57 

3  13  8  41 

3  24  8  31 

2  49 

9    5 

6 

11 

1  68  10 

1  49110 

4 

9 

2  13 
2  10 

9  43 

9  48 

2  29  9 
2  269 

27      2  38  9  18 
32  1     2  86  9  22 

2  54 
2  53 

9    1 

9    5 

3  11  8  45 

3  10  8  48 

3  23  8  34 

3  22  8  37 

2  46 
2  45 

9  10 
9  14 

16 

1  47J10  14 

2    8 

9  52  I     2  25  9 

35      2  3f 

>  9  25 

2  52  9    71 

3  10  8  50 

3  22  8  39 

2  43 

9  16 

21   11  47110  16 
26  Hi  49^10  16 
30  jl  52|lO  44 

2    8 
2    9 
2  10 

9  54 
9  55 
9  55 

2  259 
2  279 
2  29  9 

37  |     2  a- 
38  i     2  3( 
37      2  & 

>9  27 

>  9  28 
J9  27 

2  5219    9 
2  5319  11 
2  55|9  10 

3  10  8  52  i  i  3  22  8  41 
3118  53  i  !  3  23  8  41  i 

3  128  53  ii  3  24,8  42  | 

2  43 
2  44 
246 

9  18 
9  20 
9  19 

34 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAE-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


JULY,  1869. 


MEAN   TIME  OP  SUN-RISE  AND  SUN-SET;    FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

i 

Augusta. 

Boston.             New  York. 

Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans.'!          San 

I 

Day  of 

Portland. 
Oregon. 

Albany. 
Chicago. 

jrmiaueipma. 
Indianapolis. 

Baltimore.    1 
St.  Louis. 

Nashville. 
Memphis. 

Yicksburg. 

Texas. 

rranciseu. 
Richmond. 

i 

the 

V 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

I 

Rises.!  Sots. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

JeU. 

Rises. 

Be 

n. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.!  Sets. 

1 

Th. 

4  19  7  48 

4  25 

7  40 

4  3l'i7  34 

4 

377  29 

4  46  7  20 

4  55 

7  11 

5    1 

7    4 

4  41  7   26 

2 

Fri. 

4  20  7  48 

4  26 

7  40 

4  32  7 

84 

4 

37 

7 

4  46 

7  20 

4  55 

7  11 

IS    1 

7    4 

4  42 

7   26 

8 

Sat, 

4  20  7  47 

4  27 

7  40 

4  337 

4 

387  29 

4  47 

7  20 

4  56 

7  11 

5    1 

7    4 

4  42 

7  25 

4 

Sun. 

4  21  7  47 

4  27 

7  39 

4  33  i  7 

83 

4 

38 

7 

IS 

4  47 

7  19 

4  56 

7  11 

5    2 

7    4 

4  43 

7  25 

6 

Mon. 

4  22  7  47 

4  28  7  39 

4  347 

88 

4 

89 

7  { 

M 

448 

7  19 

457 

7  11 

5    2 

7    4 

4  43 

7  24 

(i 

Tu. 

4  22  1  7  46 

4  29 

7  39 

4  357 

88 

4 

40 

7  • 

>8 

4  48 

7  19 

4  57 

7  11 

5    3 

7    4 

4  44 

7  24 

7 

Wed. 

4  23  1  7  46 

4  29 

7  39 

4  35  7 

88 

4 

40 

7  - 

Is 

4  49 

7  19 

4  58 

7  11 

5    4 

7    4 

4  44 

7  24 

6 

Th. 

4  24 

7  46 

4  30 

7  38 

4  36  7 

82 

4 

41 

7  i 

>7 

4  50 

7  18 

4  58 

"  10 

5    4 

7    4 

4  45 

7  23 

9 

Fri. 

4  25 

7  45 

4  31 

7  38 

4  377 

82 

4 

42 

7  27  1 

4  51 

7  18  1  4  59 

~  10 

5    5 

7    4 

4  46 

7   23 

10 

Sat. 

4  25 

7  45 

4  32 

7  38 

4  377 

82 

4 

42 

7  i 

>7 

4  52 

7  18  1  :  5    0 

7  10 

IS    5 

7    3 

4  47 

7  23 

11  Sun. 

4  26 

7  44 

4  33 

7  37 

4  38  7 

4 

48 

726 

4  52 

7  18    6    0  7  10 

5673 

4  48 

7  22 

12  Mon. 

4  27 

7  44 

4  33 

7  37 

4  89  7 

81 

4 

•1! 

7  '* 

>6 

4  53 

7  17    5    1 

795673 

4  48 

7  22 

13 

Tu. 

4  28 

7  43 

4  34 

7  36 

4  40  7 

30 

4 

15 

7  ', 

>5 

4  53 

7  17    5    1 

7957 

7  ai 

4  49  7  '  22 

M 

Wed. 

4  29 

7  42 

4  35 

7  36 

4  407 

80 

4 

15 

7  25 

4  54 

7  17  j  5    27    9    5    8 

7    2 

4  50J7  21 

15 

Th. 

4  30  7  42 

4  36 

7  35 

4  41  7 

29 

4 

46 

7  5 

J4    4  55 

7  16  !  5    3 

7    8 

5    8 

7    2 

4  51  7  21 

16 

Fri. 

4  30  7  41 

4  37 

7  34 

4  42  '" 

29 

4 

17 

7  ' 

*4    455 

7  16  i  5    3 

7    8 

5    9 

7    2 

4  52 

7  20 

17  Sat. 

4  31 

7  40 

437 

734 

4  43  " 

28 

4 

48 

7  ' 

>3 

4  56 

7  15    5    4 

7    8 

5  10 

7    1 

4  52  7  19 

18  Sun. 

4  32 

7  39 

4  387  33    4  44  i" 

as 

4 

497  23 

4  57  7  15  i.  5    4^7    7 

5  10 

7    1 

453 

7   19 

19  1  Mon. 

4  33 

7  39 

4  39  7  32    4  45:'" 

27 

4  50  j  7  22 

458 

7  14    5    5i7    7 

5  11 

7    0 

4  54 

7   18 

20  Tu. 

4  34 

7  38 

4  40 

7  32:  4  45  7 

26 

4 

51) 

7  5 

>1 

4  58 

7  13  |5    5 

7    6 

5  11 

7    0 

4  55 

7   17 

21  Wed. 

4  35  7  '37 

4  41 

7  31     4  46:7 

26 

4 

51 

7  ' 

1 

4  59 

7  13    5    6 

7    6 

5  12 

6  59 

4  55 

7  16, 

22 

Th. 

4  36 

7  36 

4  42 

7  30:  4  47^7 

25 

4 

52 

7  ' 

0 

5    0 

7  12  iS    7 

7    5 

5  12 

6  59 

4  56 

7   16 

23 

Fri. 

4  37 

7  35 

4  43 

7  29 

4  48  7 

24 

4 

53  7  19 

5    0 

7  12  |S    7 

7    5 

5  13  6  58 

4  57 

7   15 

24  Sat. 

4  38 

7  34 

4  44 

7  28 

4  49^7 

23 

4 

53 

7 

8 

5    1 

7  11    5    8 

7    4 

5  13  6  57 

4  58 

7  14 

25  Sun. 

4  39 

7  33 

4  45  7  27 

4  50  7 

22 

! 

54 

7 

7 

5    1 

7  10  15    8 

7    3 

5  14 

6  57 

4  59 

7  13 

26  Mon. 

4  40 

7  32 

4  4li  7  26    4  51  7 

21 

4 

55  7  1 

5    2 

7  10    5    9 

7    3 

5  14 

6  56  i  4  59 

7  13 

27 

Tu. 

4  41 

7  31 

4  47 

7  25    4  52  7 

20 

4 

56 

7  1 

6 

5    3 

7    9    5  10 

7    2 

5  15  6  55  |  5    0 

7  12 

28 

Wed. 

4  43 

7  30 

4  48 

7  24    4  52  7 

19 

4 

56 

7 

5  ;!5    4 

7    8  ilS  11 

7    1 

5  16  6  55    5    1 

7  11 

29  Th. 

4  44 

7  28 

4  49  7  23    4  53  7 

18 

4 

577  14!  5    4J7    7-J5  11 

7    0 

5  166  64    5    2 

7  10 

30  Fri. 

4  45 

7  27 

4  50  7  22    4  54  7 

18 

4 

58 

7  1 

455 

7    7  15  12 

7    0 

5  17  6  54  !  5    3  6     9 

31  'Sat. 

4  46  7  26    4  51  7  21     4  55  7 

17  i 

4 

591713     5    6|7    6  '  5  13  6  59    5  18  6  53  '!  5    3'6     8 

LENGTH  AND 

DECREASE   OF 

DAYS. 

| 

Augusta. 
Portland. 

Boston. 

Albany. 

New  York. 
Philadelphia. 

Washington. 
Baltimore. 

Raleigh. 
Nashville. 

Charlestown. 
Savannah. 

New  Orleans.1!          San 
Mobile.        i       Francisco. 

£ 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  L 

mid 

Memph 

s. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas.             Richmond. 

j? 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th.    i  Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th.      Dcr. 

L'th. 

Der. 

L'th. 

Dcr.     ;  L'th. 

Dcr. 

~* 

l 

15  280    4    15  140    3 

!    15      3'0      2 

14   52  0 

i 

14   3*4  0 

1  j 

14  16  0    1 

14    30    0  14  45  0    2 

8 

15  27  0    5    15  130    4  115    2|0    3 

14  51 

0 

2 

1  14  33  0 

2  ; 

14  15 

[)      2 

14    30    0  14  430    4 

5 

15  250    7    15  11  0    6     15    l!o    4 

14  49'0 

4 

14  32  0 

8 

14  14  0    3 

14    2!0    1   1441JO    6 

7 

15  230    9  :15    90    8    14  59:0    6 

1447 

0 

6 

114  300 

5! 

14  13 

D    4 

14    00    2   14  40  0    7 

9 

15  230121  15    7;010i1457|0    8 

1  14  45 

0 

8 

5  14  28  0 

7 

14  11  0    6 

13  590    4   14  37  0  10 

11 

15  18  '0  14   IS    4018    1464011 

1  14  43 

0 

10 

14  26  0 

9i 

14  10 

[)    7 

13  57,0    6  14  34  0  13 

13 

15  150  17    15    20  15    14  61  0  14 

14  40  '0 

13 

14  24  0 

11 

14    80    9 

13  5(  0    7   14  320  15 

15 

15  12  0  20    14  59  0  18    14  48  0  17 

1  14  38 

(1 

15 

14  220 

13  i  14    6 

0  11    18  540    9  14  30iO  17 

17 

15    9  0  23  |14  56  0  21   j  14  45  0  20 

14  35,0 

is 

14  200 

15  i  14    4  0  13    13  51  0  12  14  27  0  20 

19 

15    5]0  27 

14  530  24  M  14  42|0  23 

14  32 

0 

l\ 

14  17  0 

18 

14    2 

0  15    13  490  14   14  240  23 

21 

15    2  0  30    14  50  0  27  i  ,  14  39  0  26 

14  29  0  24 

14  15  0 

20; 

14    00  171113  470  16  14  21  0  26 

28 

14  58  0  34  1  14  46  0  81     14  36  0  29 

14  26 

0 

27 

14  12  0 

23    13  58 

0  19    18  45  0  18  14  18  0  29 

25 

1  14  54  0  38    14  42  0  .35  j  14  32  0  33 

14  23 

0 

50 

H4    90 

26    13  55 

0  22  J13  43  0  20  14  14  0  33 

27 

14  49  0  43    14  38  0  39  '  !  14  29  '0  36 

14  20 

0 

83 

'14    60 

29 

13  52 

0  25    13  40  0  23  14  12  0  35 

29 

14  45  0  47    14  34  0  43  !  i  14  25  !0  40 

14  170 

•56 

J14    30 

32  i  1  13  49  0  28  ;13  38  0  25  14    8  0  39 

31     14  40  0  52    14  30  0  47     14  22  0  43 

14  140 

39 

14    00 

35  i  13  46  0  31    13  35  0  28  14    5  0  42 

1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


JULY,  Seventh  Month. 


WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN   TIME   OF   MOON'S   RISING   AND 

SETTING. 

4 

. 

1 

J 

I 

-p    ^        Si,lprp!Ll 

Sun  at 

Moon  i 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

N.  York. 

Wash'tn.  !  Raleigh.    Cha'ston. 

N.  0 

r'li. 

a.« 

1 

T 

1 

1" 

Noon. 

Noon  Mark 

Meridian. 

Portland. 
Oregon. 

Albany. 

Chicago. 

Philad'a. 
Ind'  polls. 

Baltim'c. 
St.  Louis. 

N'shville.    Savan'h. 
Memp's.    Vicksb'g. 

Mobile. 
Texas. 

Fr'neiseo. 

Q 

1 

Day. 

Morn's- 

Morninj. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rses. 

Rises. 

1 

182 

21.5 

5 

22 

12      3  34 

5  40 

Mora. 

Morn. 

Morm. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Ho 

m. 

] 

lorn. 

2 

183 

22.5 

5 

18 

12    3  45 

6  22 

7 

7 

7 

7 

8 

8 

S 

14 

:>, 

184 

23.5 

5 

14 

12    3  56 

7    5 

33 

34 

35 

36 

38 

39 

11 

43 

4 

185 

24.5 

B 

10 

12    4    7 

7  49 

1     1 

1     3 

1    5 

1    7 

1  10 

1  13 

1 

16 

• 

I  14 

5 

180i 

25.5 

5 

(i 

12    4  17 

8  36 

1  33 

1  35 

1  38 

1  41 

1  45 

1  49 

1 

54 

• 

L  49 

6 

187 

20.5 

5 

2 

12    4  27 

9  25 

2  13 

2  16 

2  19 

2  23 

2  29 

2  34 

2 

10 

i  31 

7  188  !  27.5 

4 

58 

12    4  37 

10  18 

2  49 

2  53 

2  57 

3    1 

3    8 

3  14 

8 

21 

J  10 

8 

189  i  28.5 

4 

r>4 

12    4  47 

11  14 

3  39 

3  43 

3  47 

3  52 

4    0 

4    6 

4 

11 

t 

1    1 

91901    0.1 

4 

50 

12    4  5( 

EV.  13 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

10 

191 

1.1 

4 

4(1 

12    5    4 

1  11 

8  37 

8  34 

8  30 

8  25 

8  18 

8  IS 

8 

(i 

B  29 

11 

192 

2.1 

4 

48 

12    5  13 

2    9 

9  22 

9  20 

9  16 

9  13 

9    7 

9    2 

8 

57 

)  17 

12  193 

3.1 

4 

39 

12    5  20 

3    5 

10    1 

9  59 

9  57 

9  54 

9  50 

9  47 

9 

13 

9  59 

13 

194 

4.1 

4 

35 

12    5  27 

3  59 

10  36 

10  35 

10  34 

10  32 

10  30 

10  2S 

10 

26 

1 

)  37 

]  I 

195 

5.1 

4 

31 

12    5  34 

4  51 

11    8 

11     7 

11     7 

11     7 

11     7 

11     6 

11 

6 

1 

1  13 

15 

19(1 

6.1 

4 

27 

12    5  40 

5  42 

11  40 

11  40 

11  41 

11  42 

11  44 

11  45 

11 

16 

11  49 

it; 

197 

7.1 

4 

23 

12    5  4(j 

6  33 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Ho 

m. 

J 

lorn. 

17 

198 

8.1 

4 

1!) 

12    5  51 

7  24 

12 

13 

15 

17 

20 

23 

26 

24 

IS 

199 

9.1 

1 

15 

12    5  56 

8  16 

46 

48 

51 

54 

58 

1    2 

1 

7 

I     1 

19 

200 

10.1 

4 

11 

12    6    0 

9    9 

1  23 

1  26 

1  30 

1  34 

1  40 

1  45 

1 

-.1 

L  42 

20201;  11.1 

4 

7 

12    6    4 

10    2 

2    6 

2    9 

2  13 

2  18 

2  25 

2  31 

2 

88 

226 

21 

202     12.1 

4 

g 

12    6    7 

10  55 

2  53 

2  57 

3    1 

3    6 

3  14 

3  20 

3 

28 

3  15 

22  203  :  13.1 

3 

59 

12    6    9 

11  47 

3  44 

3  48 

3  53 

358 

4    6 

4  12 

4 

20 

4    7 

23 

204  :  14.1 

8 

55 

12    6  11 

Morn. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Bi> 

Mk 

i 

.1868. 

24 

205     15.1 

3 

52 

12    6  12 

37 

8  16 

8   13 

8   10 

8    6 

8     0 

7  55 

7 

19 

3  10 

25 

206     1(5.1 

3 

48 

12    6  13 

1  25 

8  49 

8  47 

8  44 

8  41 

8  37 

8  33 

8 

2s 

3  46 

:><: 

207^;  17.1 

8 

44 

12    6  13 

2  11 

9  18 

9  16 

9  14 

9  12 

9    9 

9    f 

9 

3 

3  17 

27  i 

208     18.1 

3 

40 

12    6  12 

2  54 

9  44 

9  44 

9  42 

9  41 

9  39 

9  38 

9 

86 

}  46 

28 

209,   19.1 

3 

86 

12    6  11 

3  37 

10    9 

10    8 

10    8 

10    8 

10    8     10    7 

ID 

7 

1 

">  14 

2!)  210     20.1    3  32 

12    6    9 

4  18 

10  35 

10  36 

10  36 

10  37 

10  38     10  39 

10 

10 

10  43 

30 

211     21.1    3 

28 

12    6    7 

5    0 

11    2 

11    4 

11     5 

11     7 

11    9  |  11  11 

11 

14 

1 

I  14 

31 

212    22.1  1  3 

24    12    6    4 

5  43 

11  31 

11  33 

11  35 

11  38 

11  42  '  11  45     11 

49  !  11  45 

MOON'S 

PHASES,   &c. 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN 
FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF  THE    PLANETS. 

Last  Quarter.  .  . 

Dl    "7    88  EV. 

"i     D4    37  Ev. 

Venus  in  Gemini  until    the    5th.   then  in 

Ne 

w  Moon.  .  .  . 

9      8    30  Mo. 

9      5    29  Mo. 

Cancer. 

Fir 

st  Quarter  . 

!!;!«      1    40  Mo. 

15    10    39  Ev. 

Mars  in  Leo  until  the  18th,  t 

hen  i 

n  Vir 

ro. 

Full  Moon  

.  .  23      8    46  Mo. 

23      5    45  Mo. 

Jupiter  in  Aries  all  the  month. 

Last  Quarter  31    11    58  Mo. 
Moon  in  Perigee..  12    11.9     Mo. 

31      8    57  Mo. 
12      8.9      Mo. 

Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Apogee..)  28     0.9     Mo. 

28      3.9      Mo.  ! 

MEAN  TIME  OP  BEGINNING  AND  END    OF  TWILIGHT. 

4 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

NcwY 

>rk.           Washington. 

Raleigh.             Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

Sa 

a 

I 

1       Portlamd. 

Albany. 

Philadel 

phia.           Baltimore. 

Nashville.            Savannah. 

Mol) 

ile. 

Franc 

isco. 

•s 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.            St.  Louis. 

Memphis.            Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

* 

j  B'ga 

.    Ends. 

Begins.  !  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends.      Begins.  |  Ends. 

Begins.  |  Ends.     Begins.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Endg. 

1 

1  5- 

i  id  13 

2  12  9  54 

2  28  9  37      2  39  9  27      2  56  9  1*6      3  13  8  53 

3   25 

8  41 

2  48 

9  lit 

6 

1  5 

)  10     9 

2  18  9  50 

2  33 

)  34      2  43  9  25      2  59  98      3  16  8  52 

3  28 

8  39 

2  51 

9  17 

11 

2 

j  10    4 

2  25  9  45 

2  39  9  30      2  48  9  21 

3496      3  20  8  50 

3  31 

8  37 

256 

9  14 

11; 

2  1 

5    9  56 

2  31:9  40 

2  45 

)  26      2  54  9  17 

3992     3  24  8  47 

3  35 

8  35  j 

3    2 

9  10 

21 

2  2 

i    9  48 

2  38  9  34 

2  51; 

)  20      3    0  9  12  '    3  14  8  58      3  28  8  44 

3  39 

8  33 

3    7 

9    5 

26 

2  3 

3    9  40 

2  45  9  27 

2  57  9  15      3    69    6  :    3  19  8  53      3  32  8  40      3  42  8  29 

3  12 

9    0 

31 

2  4 

2    9  30 

2  53  9  19 

3498      31290:3  25  8  52      3  38  8  34      3  4(5 

8  25 

3  18 

8  56 

36 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


AUGUST,  1869. 


MEAN   TIME 

OF   SUN-RISE  AND  SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN1S  UPPER  LIMB. 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  Yor 

k. 

Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston.     .New  Orleans.   :           San 

S        Tk  -* 

Port! 

and. 

Albai 

y- 

;  P 

lilailclp 

Baltimore. 

Na 

hville. 

Sava 

uiiah. 

Mol 

ile.         I     Fran 

isco. 

S 

i 

the 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Louis. 

M* 

mphis. 

Vicksburg. 

T«s 

as. 

Richc 

aond. 

B 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

1 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rists.    Sets. 

Rises.  |  Sets. 

Rises.;  Sets. 

Rises 

.    Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

;Rise, 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

1  Sun. 

4  47 

7  25 

4  52  7  20 

4 

5(5  7 

16 

5    0  7  12 

5775 

5  14 

6  58 

;  5  19  (5  53 

|5    4 

7     7 

2  Mon. 

4  48 

7  24 

4  53  r 

19 

4 

577 

15  1  5    1  7  11 

5 

37    4 

5  14 

6  57 

5  19 

0   52 

5    5 

7     7 

8Tu. 

4  4!)  7  22 

4  54  7  18    4 

587 

14 

5    1  7  10 

5873 

5  15  6  56 

5  20  6  51 

5    6 

7     6 

4  Wed. 

4  50 

7  21 

4  55  " 

16  I  4 

597 

12 

5    27    9 

5 

)7    2 

5  16 

6  55 

IS  21 

6  50 

5    7 

7     5 

5Th. 

4  51 

720 

4  56  " 

15 

5 

0  7 

11     5378 

5  107    1 

5  16  6  54 

5  21 

6  49 

5    7 

7     3 

6  Fri. 

4  53 

7  19! 

4  57  " 

14 

5 

17 

10 

5477 

5  1 

Li7    0 

5  17 

6  53 

J5  22 

6  48 

5    8 

7     2 

7  Sat. 

4  54 

7  17 

4  58  ' 

13 

5 

2l7 

9 

5576 

5  1 

I  (5  59 

5  18 

6  52 

5  22 

6  48 

5    9 

7     0 

8  Sun. 

4  55 

7  16 

4  59,' 

11 

5 

87 

7 

5674 

5  12  6  57 

5  18  6  51 

5  23  6  47 

5  10,6  59 

9  Mon. 

4  56 

7  14 

5    0  r 

10 

5 

47 

6 

5    77    3 

5  1 

]  (5  5(5 

5  19 

(J  50 

5  23 

6  4(5 

5  11 

6   59 

10 

Tu. 

4  57 

7  13 

5    \' 

9 

r, 

5l7 

55872 

5  1 

16  55 

5  20 

6  49 

5  24 

6  45 

5  12 

6  58 

ll'  Wed. 

4  58 

7  12 

5    2" 

8  iS 

67 

4j  5    97    0 

5  1 

3  6  54 

5  21 

6  48 

5  25 

6  44 

5  13 

6   56 

12  Th. 

4  59  7  10  ! 

5    37    7i  5 

7,7 

3  j  5  10  6  59 

5  16!6  53 

5  21 

6  47 

5  25  6  43 

5  1316  54 

13  Fri. 

5    1 

7    9 

5    47 

5! 

5 

8  7 

1 

5  11  (i  58 

5  1 

-  6  52 

5  22 

6  4(5 

5  2(5 

6  42 

5  14 

6  53 

14  Sat. 

5    2 

7    7 

5    5.7    4  IS 

9  7 

0    5  12  6  57 

5  18  6  51 

5  23  6  45 

5  26 

6  41 

5  15|  6  52 

15  Sun. 
16  Mon. 

5375 
5474 

567    25 
5    77    0  |5 

10  6  58  j  5  13  6  55 
11  6  56    5  146  53 

5  18:6  49 
5  19  6  48 

5  23  6  44 
5  24  6  43 

5  27  (5  40 
5  28  6  39 

5  16  6  51 

5  17J6  50 

17  Tu. 

5    5 

7    2 

5    8  6  59  ;  5 

12  6  55     5  15  6  52 

5  206  47  1!  5  25 

6  42 

5  28  6  38 

5  1S!6  49 

18  Wed. 

5    6 

7    1 

5    96 

57 

5 

136 

53  i  5  16  6  50 

5  2 

J6  46    5  25 

6  41 

5  29 

6  37 

5  19 

6  48 

19  Th. 

5    8 

5  59 

5  10  ( 

55  i  5 

146 

52  ;  5  17  6  4!) 

5  2 

16  45  1.5  26 

6  40 

5  29 

(i  36 

5  20 

6  47 

20  Fri. 

5    9  6  57  ; 

5  11  6  51     5 

15  6  51   '  5  186  48 

5  22  6  43 

5  27 

6  39 

5  30  6  35 

5  21 

6  45 

21  Sat, 

5  10 

i  56 

5  12  6 

52    5 

1(5  6 

19 

1  5  19  6  46 

5  2 

J  (5  42 

5  27 

6  38 

5  30 

6  34 

5  22 

6  43 

22  Sun. 

5  11  6  54 

5  14  6  51  i  |  5 

17  6  48 

5  20  6  45 

5  24|6  41 

5  28  6  37 

5  31 

6  33 

5  22  6  42 

23  Mon. 

5  12 

i  53 

5  15,6 

50    5 

186 

47    6  21  6  44 

5  2, 

>!6  40    5  29 

6  3(5 

5  32 

6  32 

5  23 

(i  40 

24 

ru. 

5  13 

(>  51 

5  16  6 

48    5 

19  6 

45  !  5  21  6  42 

5  £ 

>;6  88115  29 

6  35 

5  32 

6  31 

5  24 

6  39 

25 

Wed. 

5  14  6  49 

5  17!fi 

47  |  5  20  6  44 

5  22  6  41 

5  26  6  37    5  30  6  34 

i  5  33  6  30 

5  25,6  38 

26 

Th. 

5  16 

£5  48 

5  18  (i 

45  15 

21  6 

42    5  23  6  40 

5  2 

l"6  36  |  5  31 

6  33 

5  34 

6  29 

5  2(5 

(5   3(5 

Fri. 

5  17 

E;  46 

5  196 

44    5 

22  6 

41     5  24  6  38 

5  2< 

J  6  35  !  5  31 

(5  32 

5  34 

6  28 

5  27 

0  ,35 

28 

Sat. 

5  18 

[}  44 

5  20  (j 

42  15 

23  6 

39    5  25  6  37 

5  2 

)6  34  1  5  32 

6  31 

5  35 

6  27 

5  28 

6  33 

29  Sun. 

5  19 

i  42 

5  21  6 

40    5 

246 

38    5  26  li  .T. 

5  3( 

)  6  32    5  33 

6  29 

5  35 

6  2(5 

5  29 

•  5    32 

30'  Mon.     5  206  40 

5  226  39  iS 

25  6  3(5    5  27  6  34 

5  30  6  31 

5  33  6  28    5  36  6  25    5  29  6  31 

31!Tu. 

5  21  6  39 

5  23  ( 

37  :  i  5 

26  6  35     5  28  6  33 

5  31:6  29 

5  34 

6  2(5  !  5  3(5  6  24 

5  30  (5   29 

LENGTH 

AND  DECREASE   OF  DAYS. 

-~: 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York. 

Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans.               San 

I 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Pliilade 

Iphia. 

Baltimore. 

Nash\ 

lie. 

Savan 

iah. 

Mob 

le. 

Fr»nc 

isco. 

m 

•s 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Louia. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th.      Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr.        L'th. 

Dcr.  \      L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

1 

:  14  38 

0  54 

14  28  0  49 

1  I   21)  0  45 

14  12  0  41     1 

3  580  37  .13  44 

i)  .'}:] 

13  34 

0  29    14     3 

O'  44 

3     14  33 

0  59  ; 

14  24  0  53 

14   16 

0  49 

14    9  0  44     1 

3  55 

0  40    13  41 

0  36 

13  31 

0  32   14    0 

0  47 

5     14  29 

1    4 

14  19  0  58 

14  12 

0  53 

14    5  0  48    1 

3  51 

0  44!  13  38 

0  39 

13  28 

0  35  1  13  56 

0  51 

7     14  24 

9 

14  1 

>1    2 

14    8 

057 

14    1  0  52    1 

3  47 

0  48' 

13  34 

0  43 

13  26 

0  37   13  51 

0  56 

9 

14  19 

14 

14  1 

)1    7 

14    3 

1      2! 

13  56  0  57    1 

3  43 

0  52    13  31 

0  46 

13  23 

0  40   13  48 

0  59 

11 

1413 

19 

14 

31  11 

13  58 

1    T 

13  51  1    2    1 

3  39 

0  56    13  27 

0  50 

13  19 

0  44 

13  43 

1    4 

13 

14    8 

24 

14 

I  1  16 

13  54 

11 

13  47  1    6    1 

3  35 

1    013  24 

0  53i 

13  16 

0  47 

13  39 

1    8 

15 

14    3 

29 

13  56  1  21 

13  49 

16 

13  42  1  11     1 

3  31 

1    4    13  21 

0  56 

13  13 

0  50 

13  35 

1  12 

17 

13  58 

34 

13  5 

I  1  26 

13  44 

21 

13  37  1  16    1 

3  27 

1    8    13  17 

i   o! 

13  10 

0  53 

13  31  ll  16 

19 

13  52 

40 

13  45  1  32 

13  39 

26 

13  32  1  21     1 

3  23 

1  12  i  13  14 

1    3 

13    7 

0  5(5 

13  27 

1  2D 

•21 

13  46 

46  i 

13  40  1  37 

13  34 

31 

13  27  1  26    1 

3  19 

1  16    18  11 

1    6, 

13    4 

0  59 

13  21 

1  26 

23 

13  41 

52 

13  35  1  42 

13  29 

30 

13  23  1  30    1 

3  15 

1  20  |13    7 

1  10 

13    1 

1    2 

13  17 

1  30 

25 

13  35 

57 

13  30  1  47 

13  24 

41 

13  19  1  34    1 

3  11 

1  24    13    4 

1  13 

12  57 

1    6  13  13 

1  34 

-,'7 

13  29|2    3 

13  25  1  52 

13  19 

461 

13  14  1  39    ] 

3    7 

1  28 

13    1 

1  16 

12  54 

1    9  13    8 

1  39 

29 

13  23  2    9 

13  19  1  58 

13  14 

51 

13  10  1  43    1 

3    3 

1  32 

12  57 

1  20    12  51 

1  12  13    3 

1  44 

31     13  17  '2  15 

13  14  2    3 

il3    9 

56 

13    5  1  48    ] 

2  58 

1  37    12  52 

1  25    12  48 

1  15!  12  59 

1  48 

1809.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

AUGUST,  Eighth  Month. 


•s 

WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN   TIME   OF 

MOON'S 

RISING   AND   SETTING. 

1 

I       .;    . 

Sidcrpal 

•Mm  .it 

i    Moon  in 

Augusta.      Boston.      X.  York. 

Wash'tn. 

Raleigh.    Cha'ston.  >  N.  Or'ls.        c 

1 

1     ||  < 

•on. 

XoouMark.    Meridian. 

Portland. 
Oregon. 

Albany.     Philad'a. 
Chicago.     Ind'polis. 

Baltim'e. 
St.  Louis. 

N'shville. 
Hemp's. 

Savan'h. 

Vicksb'g. 

Mobile. 
Texas. 

Fr'ncisco. 

1 

ft 

Day. 

M 

>rn  ;_•• 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

1 

213  123.1 

3  20 

12      0 

L!    0  27 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn 

M 

orn.     j 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

2 

214  i  24.1 

3 

16 

12 

5  5 

r  7  is 

4 

0 

1 

ii 

13  i 

IS 

23 

28 

21 

3 

215  !  25.1 

3 

12 

12    5  52     8    5 

41 

44 

48 

52 

5!) 

1    5 

1 

11 

1    1 

4 

210    20.1 

g 

8 

12 

5  4 

r    8  59 

1  20 

1  30 

1  3- 

i 

1 

39  ! 

1  46 

1  53 

2 

0 

1  38 

5 

217  J27.1 

g 

4 

'12    5  41     9  5)5 

2  20 

2  23 

2  28 

2  33 

2  41 

2  47 

2 

56 

2  42 

0 

218  !  28.1 

3 

1 

12 

5  a 

5   10  55 

3  20 

3  24 

3  2 

9 

3 

34 

3  41 

3  48 

3 

56 

3  42 

7i 

21!)     29.1 

•J 

57 

12 

5  2 

3    11  54 

4  28 

4  31 

4  3 

5 

4 

40 

447 

4  52 

4 

59 

4  48 

8. 

220 

0.8 

2 

53 

'12    5  20   EV.  53 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

8< 

ta. 

Sets. 

9 

221 

1.8 

2 

i'.* 

12 

5  1 

2     1  49 

8  33 

8  32 

8  3 

) 

8 

28 

8  25 

8  23 

8 

20 

8  33 

10  ! 

222 

2.8 

•2 

45 

12 

5 

J     2  44 

9    9 

9    8 

9 

3 

9 

7 

9    0 

9    5 

9 

4 

9  12 

Hi 

223 

3.8 

2 

12 

4  54     3  37 

9  42 

9  42 

9  42 

9 

43 

0  44 

9  44 

9 

45 

9  49 

12 

224 

4.8 

2 

87 

12 

4  4 

I     4  29 

10  14 

10  10 

10  1 

7 

10 

19 

10  21 

10  23 

10 

26 

10  20 

13  225 

5,8 

2 

33 

12 

4  33     5  21 

10  47 

10  50 

10  52 

Id 

55 

10  59 

11    3 

11 

7 

11    2 

14 

>20 

0.8 

2 

29 

L2 

4  2 

2     0  13 

11  24 

11  27 

11  3 

3 

11 

34 

11  40 

11  44 

11 

50 

11  42 

15 

227 

7.8 

2 

25 

1-2 

4  1 

L     7    6 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn 

is 

am. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Me 

rn. 

10  228 

8.8 

2 

•ll 

12 

3  59     7  58 

4 

8 

12 

16 

23 

29 

36 

25 

17 

>•)!) 

9.8 

2 

17 

1-2 

3  4) 

>     8  51 

49 

53 

5 

3 

1 

3 

1  10 

1  17 

1 

24 

1  11 

18 

J30 

10.8 

2 

L3 

L2 

3  3: 

j;  9  43 

1  41 

1  44 

1  4 

) 

1 

54 

2    2 

2    8 

2 

16 

2    3 

1<>  231 

11.8 

2 

9 

12 

3  19   10  33 

2  a5 

2  38 

2  43 

2 

47 

2  55       3    2 

3 

9 

2  50 

20232     12.8 

2 

5 

12 

3    5   11  21 

3  32 

3  35 

3  39 

3 

43 

3  50 

3  56 

4 

3 

352 

21 

233     13.8 

•-1 

1 

12 

2  51 

Morn. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises 

Ri 

ses. 

Rises. 

Riocs. 

Ri 

CB. 

Rises. 

22 

234  114.8 

1 

57 

12 

2  & 

)               7 

7   19 

7  18 

7   1 

', 

7 

18 

7    9 

7    6 

7 

2 

7   17 

232:::.     l.",,s 

1 

54 

12 

2  20         51 

7  48 

7  47 

7  45 

7 

44 

7  42 

7  39 

7 

37 

7  49 

24 

230i  10.8 

1 

50 

12 

2    i 

I       1   34 

8  13 

8  13 

8  1 

> 

8 

12 

8  11 

8  10 

8 

9 

8  17 

25 

237  i  i  17.8 

1 

46 

12 

1  4t 

J'      2   10 

8  39 

8  39 

8  3 

t 

8 

40 

8  40 

8  41 

8 

41 

8  40 

2(1  238  1  1  18.8 

1 

42 

112 

1  31     2  57 

9    4 

9    5 

9    6 

9 

7 

9    9 

9  11 

9 

13       9  14 

27 

239  i  !  19.8 

1 

88 

12 

1  1- 

I:     3  39 

9  31 

9  33 

9  a 

i 

9 

37 

9  41       !)  44       9 

47       9  44 

28 

240  i  i  20.8 

1 

34 

12 

0  5( 

>;  4  22 

10    2 

10    4 

10 

? 

1(i 

10 

10  15 

10  19     10 

24     10  18 

29  241   i  21.  8 

1 

30 

112 

0  3f 

J     5    8 

10  37 

10  40 

10  44 

Id 

48 

10  54     10  59     11 

5     10  56 

30 

242  :  ,  22.8 

1 

•>i; 

12 

0  2( 

)     5  56 

11  18 

11  21 

11  2, 

» 

1  1 

30 

11  37 

11  43     11 

50 

11  38 

31  243  :  23.8 

1 

22 

12 

0    2     0  47 

Morn.         Morn.          Morn 

u 

Morn.          Morn.     1     Morn. 

MOON'S 

SAN 

PHASES,    &c. 

WASHINGTON. 

FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF   THE    PLANETS. 

New  Moon  
First  Quarter  

D. 

7 

11 

5 

7 

M.                       1 

OEv. 
33  Mo.  4 

H.         M. 

7      1     59  Ev. 
4      4    32  Mo. 

Venus  in  Leo  until  the  24th.  then  in  Virgo. 
Mars  in  Virgo  all  the  month. 

Fu 

1  Moon 

21 

11 

15  Ev.    2 

1       S    14  Mo 

Jupit 

>r 

In 

A  i-ic 

•i  Jill  tlip  month 

Last  Quarter  
Moon  in  Perigee.. 

30 
9 

2 
8.2 

50  Mo.   29    11    49  Ev. 
Mo.     9      5.2      Mo. 

Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Apogee.. 

24 

9.9 

Ev.    24      6.9      Ev. 

MEAN    TIME  OF  BEGINNING  AND  END  OF  TWILIGHT. 

4 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.          Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Cha 

r  cston. 

New  Orleans.  !  I          San 

1 

Portland 

Alba 

ny. 

Philadelphia.           Baltimore. 

Nash 

111 

Sav 

imuili. 

Mobile. 

Francisco. 

m 

•~ 

Oregon. 

Chic 

igo. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Er 

ds.      Begins 

.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begin 

i.  Ends. 

Begins.  •  Ends. 

Begins.  -Ends. 

i 

6 

i     2  44  9   28 

2  54  9  17 

2  55 
3    5 

9   17 
9      7 

3    09 
3  148 

6      3  1 
57      32 

48  58 

)8  50 

3  2(5 
3  32 

8  45; 

8  38 

3  3 
3  4 

9  8  33      3  48  8  24 
4  8  20      3  53  8  17 

3  20:8  51 
3  20  8  44 

11 

339 

7 

8 

1  1 

8  57 

3  21  8 

48      32 

r  s  42 

3  37 

8 

31 

3  4 

8  8  20 

3  47.8  11 

3  32  8  37 

10 

3  12  8  56 

8 

21 

8  48 

3  298 

40  !     33- 

i  8  34 

3  44|S  24 

3  5 

3  8  14      4    18    5 

3  39  8  29 

21 
26 

31 

3  21  8  45 
3  29  8  34 
3  38  8  22 

3  28  8  38      3  30  8 
3  30l8  28  il   3  438 
3  42  8  18      3  49  8 

31      3  4 

21  1     34 
12      35 

8  20 
"8  17 
28    9 

3  498 
3  54  8 
4    0:8 

16 
1 

3  5 
4 
4 

88    7 
280 
7  7  53 

4    5759 

4    9  7  53 
4  13  7  47  ! 

3  45  8  21 
3  50  8  13 
3  56  8    5 

THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


SEPTEMBER,  1869. 


MEAN   TIME   OF   SUN-RISE  AND 

SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN'S   UPPER  LIMB. 

J3 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New 

York. 

Wa 

shington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston,   i  ,New  Orleans.             San 

9 

0 

Portland. 

Albany. 

P 

iu. 

elp 

iia. 

Bi 

Itimore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mobile.             Frant 

SCO. 

I 

Day  of 
the 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indian 

apolis. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas.              Richor 

ond. 

1 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN                   SUN 

I 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Se 

ts. 

Rb 

>s.;  Sets. 

Rises.    Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.    Sets.     |  Rises,  j 

Sets. 

1  Wed. 

5'  23 

0  37     5  24 

6   35 

5 

27 

6 

;;> 

5  29  6  31 

5  32  G  28 

5   35 

(5  25 

5  37,6  23  ! 

5  31  6   28 

2  Th. 

5  24 

6  35  Is  26!  6  33 

5 

28 

(i 

H 

5 

W  6  29 

5  33  6  27 

5  35 

(5  24 

5  37  6  22 

5  32 

5   2(5 

3  Fri. 

4!  Sat. 

5  25 
5  26 

6  33 
6  31 

5  27  6  32 
5  28  G  30 

5 
5 

29  6 
30  6 

50 
2S 

5  31  6  28 
5  32  6  26 

5  346  25 
5  35  6  23 

5  30 
5  37 

0  22 
6  21 

5  38!  6  21  :!5  33  G  25 
5  38  G  19  !  5  33  G  24 

5  Sun. 

5  27 

G  30 

5  29 

i  -2S 

5 

31 

6 

20 

5 

33  0  '24 

5  35  6  22 

5  37 

0  20 

5  39  6  18    5  34 

5   2:2 

6  Mon. 

5  28 

0  28 

5  30  6  2(5 

5 

326 

34 

5  34  6  23 

5  36  6  21 

5  38 

6  19 

5  39  6  17    5  35  6  20 

7  Tu. 

5  30 

G  26 

5  31 

(5  25 

5 

33 

(i 

23 

5 

35  6  21 

5  37 

6  19 

5  38 

i;  is 

5  40  6  16    5  30. 

6   19 

8  Wed. 

5  31 

6  24 

5  32 

6  23 

5 

34 

6 

21 

5 

15  6  20 

5  37 

6  18 

5  39 

6  16 

5  40  6  15  i|  5  37! 

6  17 

9Th. 
10  'Fri. 

5  32 
5  33 

6  22 

6  20 

5  33 
5  35 

6  21 
(5  19 

5 
5 

356 

solo 

1!) 
17 

5  36'  6  18 
5  37  6  16 

5  3b 
5  39 

G  16 
6  15 

5  40 
5  40 

6  15 
6  14 

5  41  6  13 
5  42  6  12 

5  37: 
5  38! 

6  15 
6  14 

11  Sat. 

5  34 

6  19 

5  3(5 

6  17 

5 

37 

(i 

10 

5  38!  6  15 

5  40 

6  13 

5  41 

6  12 

5  42  6  11 

5  39  6  12 

12  Sun. 

5  35 

6  17 

5  37 

6  15 

5 

3S 

6 

11 

5 

59  6  13 

5  41 

6  12 

5  42 

6  11 

5  43  6  10 

5  40! 

6  11 

13 

VI  Oil. 

5  37 

6  15 

5  38 

6  14 

5 

39 

6 

13 

5 

10!  6  12 

5  41 

6  10 

5  42 

0    9 

5  43  6    8 

5  41 

6     9 

11 

In. 

5  38 

6  13 

5  39 

0  12 

5 

406 

11 

5  41  16  10 

5  42 

6    9 

5  43 

6    8 

5  44!0    7 

5  42 

6     7 

15 

Wed. 

5  39  6  11   !  5  40 

6  10 

5 

41 

6 

9 

5 

416    9 

5  42 

6    8 

5  43 

6    7 

5  44  6    G 

5  42 

6     6 

16 

Ph. 

5  40 

6    9  |5  41 

6    8 

5 

42!6 

7 

5  42  6    7 

5  43 

6    6 

5  44  6    6 

5  45  6    5 

5  43!6     4 

17 

Fri. 

5  41 

6    7 

5  42 

G    6 

5 

43 

6 

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5 

136    5 

5  44 

6    5 

5  45  6    5 

5  45  6    4 

5  44 

6     3 

18  Sat. 

5  42 

6    6  1  5  43 

G    5 

5 

44 

6 

4 

5  44  6    4 

5  45  6    4 

5  45  6    4 

5  46  6    3 

5  45  6     1 

19  Sun. 

5    11 

6    4    5  44 

6    3 

5 

44 

(i 

2 

5 

146    2 

5  45  6    3 

5466    3 

5  4(5  6    2 

5  40 

G     0 

20  Mon. 

5  45 

6    2    5  45 

6    1 

5 

45 

0 

0 

5 

IS1!)    0 

5  46  G    1 

5  47  6    1 

5  47  6    1 

5  47! 

5  58 

21 

Fa. 

5  40 

6    0  !  5  4(5 

6    0 

5 

40 

5 

511 

5  46  5  59 

5  47 

6    0 

5  47  6    0 

5  47  6    0 

5  47  5  57 

•2-2 

Wed. 

5  47 

5  58  !  !  5  47 

5  58 

5 

47 

5 

57 

5 

4715  57 

5  48  5  58 

5  48  5  59 

5  48!  5  58 

5  48 

5   55 

•>:} 

Ph. 

5  48 

5  56  i  5  48 

5  5(5 

5 

48 

5 

50 

5 

48  5  56 

5  48  5  57 

5  48  5  57 

5  48  5  57 

5  49 

5  54 

•21 

Fri. 

5  49 

5  54 

5  50 

5  55 

5 

495 

51 

5  49J5  54 

5  49 

5  55 

5  49 

5  55 

5  49 

5  55 

5  50  5  52 

•25 

Sat. 

5  50 

5  52 

5  51 

5  53 

5 

50 

5 

5:! 

5 

50:5  53 

5  50 

5  54 

5  50 

5  54 

5  50 

5  54 

5  51 

5  51 

•20 

Sun. 

5  52 

5  51 

5  52 

5  51 

5 

51 

5 

51 

5 

51  5  51 

5  51 

5  52 

5  50 

5  53 

5  50 

5  53 

5  52 

5  49 

•27 

Mon. 

5  53 

549 

5  53 

5  49 

5 

5-2 

5 

1!) 

5  52!  5  49 

5  51 

5  50 

5  51 

5  51 

5  51 

5  51 

5  53  5  48 

28 

Fu. 

5  54 

5  47 

5  54 

5  47 

5 

53 

5 

IS 

5 

53  5  48 

5  52 

5  48 

5  52  5  50 

5  51 

5  50 

5  54 

5  46 

•29 

Wed. 

5  55 

5  45 

5  55 

5  46 

5 

545 

10 

5  54  i  5  4(5 

5  53 

5  47 

5  52  5  48  !  5  52 

5  49 

5  55 

5  44 

30 

Fh.        5  57 

5  43 

5  5(5 

5  44 

5 

55  5 

45 

5  5515  45 

5  51 

5  46 

5  53  5  47  !  5  52  5  48    5  50  5  43 

LENGTH 

AND  DECREASE   OP  DAYS. 

J 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New   York. 

Washington. 

Raleigh.              Charleston,    i    New  Orleans. 

Sa 

„ 

1 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philadc 

i. 

BaUii 

ioie. 

Nashville.' 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Franc 

1300. 

-3 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th 

Dcr.         L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dor. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dor. 

L'th. 

Dor. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

1 

13  14 

2  IS 

13  11  2    6     13    6 

1  59 

13      2 

1   51 

12  50 

1  39    12  50 

1  27 

12  46 

1  17  12  57  !l  50 

3 

13    9  2  24 

13    5212  !  13    1 

2 

4 

12  57 

1   56 

12  51 

1  44    12  46 

31 

12  43 

1  20 

12  52  1  55 

5 

13    32  30 

12  59  2  18    12  55 

•2  1 

;i 

12  51 

2    2 

12  47 

1  48! 

12  43 

34, 

12  39 

1  24 

12  48 

1   5!) 

7 

12  57  2  3(5  i  12  54  2  23  !  12  50 

•2 

5 

12  40 

2    7 

1243 

1  52    12  40 

37 

12  36 

1  27 

12  43 

2    4 

9 

12  51 

2  42!   12  48  2  29  I  12  44 

2  1 

51 

112  41 

2  12 

12  38 

1  57 

12  36 

41 

12  32 

1  31 

112  38 

2    9 

11 

12  45  2  48!  1  12  422  35     1239 

2  2(5 

1  12  37 

2  1(5 

12  34 

2    1 

12  32 

45 

12  29 

1  34 

12  33 

2  14 

18 

12  39  2  54 

12  36  2  41 

12  34 

2  31 

!  12  32 

2  21 

12  30 

2    5 

12  28 

49 

12  25 

1  38 

12  28 

2  19 

15 

12  32  3    0 

12  30  2  47 

i!2  28 

2  . 

J7 

12  27 

2  2(5 

12  26 

2    9 

12  24 

53 

12  22 

1  41 

12  24 

2  23 

17 

12  26 

3    G 

12  24  '2  53 

12  23 

242 

12  22 

2  31 

12  22 

2  13 

12  20 

57 

12  19 

1  44 

12  19 

2  28 

19 

12  20  3  12 

12  19  2  58 

12  18 

2  < 

17 

12  18 

2  35  1 

12  IT 

2  18 

12  10 

2    1 

12  16 

1  47 

12  14 

2  33 

•21 

12  14  3  18 

12  14  3    3 

!  12  13 

2  52 

12  13 

2  40 

12  13 

2  22!  12  12 

2    5 

12  13 

1  50 

12  10 

237 

•2:5 

12    8  3  24 

12    83    1) 

12    8 

2 

37 

12    8 

2  45 

12    8 

2  27    12    8 

2    9 

12    9 

1  54 

12    6 

2  41 

•25 

12    2  3  30 

12    2  3  15 

12    2 

8 

8 

2  51 

12    3 

2  32  112    4 

2  13 

12    5 

1  58  |12    0 

2  47 

•27 

11  56  3  m 

11  50  3  21 

11  57  3 

8 

11  57 

2  5(5 

11  59 

2  30.  >12    0!2  17' 

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29 

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8 

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80 

11  473  45     11  483  29     11  49 

3  16 

11  50  3    3 

11  52 

2  43    11  54!  2  23! 

11  50  2    7   11  47  3    0 

1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 
SEPTEMBER,  Ninth  Month. 


39 


WASHINGTON   MERIDIAN. 

MEAN  TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING   AND  SETTING. 

I 

1 

-°°    •   '  Si 

.ereal 

Mm  at 

Moon  in  i  !  Au?usta- 

Boston. 

N.  Yor 

k.  ',  Wash'tn.    Raleigh. 

Cha'ston. 

N-  Or'ls.        «..„ 

i 

•8 

s 

g  8,  • 

a  "* 

No 

an  Mark. 

Albany.     Philad'a.    Baltim'e. 
Chicago.   ''  Ind'polis.  St.  Louis. 

K'shville. 

Memp's. 

Savan'h. 
Vicksb'g. 

Mobile. 
Texas. 

Fr'ncisco. 

$ 

A 

Day.     M 

orn'g. 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

1 

244 

24.8    1 

18    111 

59  43 

•    7  41 

6 

9 

14 

lit 

26 

33 

41 

28 

2J245 

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14    11 

59  24 

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1    0 

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1 

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1 

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1  28 

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3 

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37 

s 

25 

4 

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11 

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t 

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8 

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3 

12 

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5 

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2 

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86 

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11 

58    6 

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) 

Sets. 

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8 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sc 

J. 

s 

ets. 

7 

250 

1.5    0 

55 

n 

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1  24 

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1:5 

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n 

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15 

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n 

54  17 

:  10  ,r 

> 

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2  28 

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85 

2  41 

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fc 

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18 

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) 

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n 

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g 

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il 

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28  271 

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Morn. 

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Morn 

1     Morn. 

7 

14 

21 

8 

MOON'S 

PHASES,   &c 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN 
FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION   OF  THE    PLANETS. 

New  Moon... 

ii. 
i; 

0    58  Mo. 

i 

5     °9    57  Ev. 

Venus  in  Virgo  until  the  19th,  then  in  Libra. 

First  Quarter. 

'.'.'.    12 

4    15  Ev. 

12      1     14  Ev. 

Mars  in  Virgo  until  the  6th,  then  =:=. 

Full  Moon... 
Last  Quarter. 

'.'.  28 

3    33  Ev. 
4      2Ev. 

20      0    32  Ev. 
28      1      1  Ev. 

Jupiter  in  Aries  all  the  month. 
Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Perigee.. 

0 

3.3 

Ev. 

6      0.3      Ev. 

LTranus  in  Gemini  all  the  mouth. 

Moon  in  Apogee..  21 

3.1 

Mo.  21      0.1      Mo. 

MEAN 

TIME  OP  BEGINNING  AND  END  OF  TWILIGHT. 

4 

Augusta. 

Bost 

on. 

New  York.          Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

Sa 

B 

j 

Portland. 

Alba 

ny. 

Philade 

Iphia.           Bait  more. 

Nash 

•Ule. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Franc 

SCO. 

K-. 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richn 

ond. 

B 

Begins.  !  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends.      Begin 

.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

1 

3  39  8   21 

3  44 

8   16 

3  50 

8  10  i     35 

48      6 

4    1 

7  59 

4    8  7  52  i 

4  14  7  4*6 

3  57 

8    2 

(i 

3  47  8    9 

3  50 

8    6 

3  56 

81      35 

1  7  57 

4    (5 

7  50 

4  12  7  44  : 

4  17:7  39 

4    2 

7  54 

11 

3  54  7  59 

3  56 

7  56 

4    1 

7  52      4    5  7  48 

4  11 

7  42 

4  16  7  37  i 

4  20  7  33 

4    8 

7  45 

it; 

4    1  7  48 

4    2 

7  46 

4    7 

7  43  :     41 

1  7  39 

4  16 

7  34 

4  20  7  29  i 

4  24  7  27 

4  14 

7  37 

21 

4    8  7  38 

4    9 

7  36 

4  13 

7  34  !     41 

7  7  30 

4  21 

7  26 

4  24  7  22 

4  27  7  20 

4  19 

7  28 

-21) 

4  15  7  28 

4  16 

7  27  j 

4  19 

725;     42217211 

4  25 

7  18; 

4  28  7  15 

4  30  7  13 

4  24 

7  20 

30 

4  16  7  23 

4  22 

7  18  i 

4  23 

717i     4251714! 

4  28  7  11 

4  31  7    9  !    4  33  7    7  i 

4  27 

7  13 

40 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869, 


OCTOBER,   1869. 


MEAN  TIME  OF  SUN-RISE  AND 

SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

• 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York. 

"Wash  ngton. 

E 

ateigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

1 

Portland. 

Albany. 

P 

hiladelphia. 

B 

alti 

Na 

shville. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Franc  sco. 

S 

the 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

S 

t.  Louis. 

j     M, 

mphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

"S 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

ft 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.    Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

1  Rises.    Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

1  Fri. 

5  58 

5  41 

5  57 

5  42  ! 

5 

56  5  43 

5 

56 

5  43 

5  55  5  44 

5  54|5  45 

5  53  5  46 

5  50 

5'  41 

2  Sat. 

5  59 

5  40 

5  58 

5  40 

5 

57  5  41 

5 

57 

5  41 

5  50  5  42 

5  55  5  43 

5  54 

5  44 

5  57 

5  40 

3  Sun. 

8    05  38 

5  59 

5  39 

5 

58  5  40 

5 

58 

5  40 

5  5 

0  5  41 

5  5515  42 

5  54 

5  43 

5  58 

5   38 

4  Mon. 

6    Ii5  36 

6    1 

5  37  | 

r 

05  38 

5 

59 

5  38 

5  5 

7 

5  40 

5  56  5  41 

5  55 

5  42 

5  59 

5  37 

5  Tn. 

6    35  3-4 

6    2 

5  30 

6 

1  5  37 

6 

0'5  37 

I  5  58 

5  39 

5  57 

5  40 

5  50 

5  41 

0    0 

5  35 

6  Wed. 

6    45  32 

6    3 

5  34 

i; 

25  35 

(i 

1 

5  35 

5  5 

.) 

5  37 

5  57 

5  39 

5  56 

5  40 

6    1 

5  34 

w 

rh. 

6    515  30 

6    4 

5  32 

6 

3:5  33 

6 

fcj 

5  34 

6 

0 

5  30 

5  58 

5  37 

5  57 

5  39 

6    2 

5  32 

8 

Fri. 

6    6  5  29 

6    5 

5  31 

C 

4  5  32 

6 

3 

5  32 

6 

5  34 

5  59 

5  36 

5  58 

5  38 

6    3 

5  31 

!) 

5at. 

6    7  5  27 

6    0 

5  29! 

C 

55  30 

6 

4)5  31 

6 

1 

5  33 

5  59 

5  35 

5  58 

5  37 

6    4 

5  30 

Id 

Sun. 

6    9'5  25 

6    8 

5  27 

( 

05  28 

fi 

5 

5  *<) 

lo 

y 

5  32 

0    0 

5  34 

5  59 

5  36 

6    5 

5  28 

11 

Mon. 

6  10i5  23 

6    9 

I  20 

(i 

75  27 

6 

ii 

5  28 

6 

"; 

5  31 

6    1 

5  33 

6    0 

5  35 

6    5 

5  27 

12 

ru. 

6  11  5  22 

6  10 

5  24 

( 

85  25 

6 

7 

5  20 

6 

i 

5  29 

6    1 

5  31 

6    0 

5  33 

6    6 

5  25 

13 

Wed. 

6  12  5  20 

0  11 

5  22 

( 

9  5  24 

6 

8 

5  25 

6 

~> 

5  28 

6    2 

5  30 

6    1 

5  32 

6    7 

5  24 

14 

rh. 

6  14 

5  18 

0  12 

5  21 

C 

10  5  22 

(i 

9  15  23 

6 

(j 

5  20 

6    3 

5  29 

6    2 

5  31 

6    8 

5  23 

15 

Fri. 

6  15i5  17 

0  13 

5  19 

( 

11  :5  21 

(i 

10 

5  22 

6 

; 

5  25 

16    3 

r,  28 

6    2 

5  30 

6    9 

5  21 

16  Sat. 

6  16!5  15 

0  14 

5  17 

(i 

12  5  19 

6 

li 

5  20 

6 

7 

5  23    645  20 

6    3 

5  28 

0  10 

5  20 

17  Sun. 

6  18J5  13 

0  15 

5  15    0 

13  5  17 

6 

12 

5  19 

6 

s 

5  22    6    5 

5  25 

6    4 

5  27 

0  11 

5   18 

18  Mon. 
19  Tu. 

6  19  5  12 
0  20  5  10 

0  17 
6  18 

5141 

5  12 

! 
( 

15  5  10 
10  5  14 

6 
6 

13  5  18 
14  5  10 

6    9 
6  10 

5  21 
5  20 

6    6 

6    7 

5  24 

5  23 

6    4 
6    5 

5  20 
5  25 

0  12 
0  14 

5   17 
5  10 

20  Wed. 

6  21  5    8 

6  19 

5  11 

( 

17  5  13 

6 

15 

5  15 

6  1 

1 

5  19 

6    8 

5  22 

6    6 

5  24 

6  15 

5  14 

21 

rh. 

6  235    7 

0  20 

5    9l  6 

18  5  12 

6 

16 

5  14 

I  6  12 

5  18 

6    8 

5  21 

6    6 

r,  23 

10  10 

5  13 

22 

Fri. 

6  24  5    5 

6  21 

5    8    0 

19  5  11 

6 

17 

5  13 

6  1 

3 

5  17 

6    9 

5  20 

6    7 

5  22 

0  17 

5  11 

23:  Sat. 

6  25  5    3 

0  22 

5    66 

20|5    9 

6 

18 

5  11 

0  1 

I 

5  15 

6  10 

5  19 

16    8 

5  21 

6  18 

5  10 

•24  Sun. 

6  275    2 

6  23 

5    5 

c 

21  15    8 

(i 

19  5  10 

0  15 

5  14 

6  11 

5  18 

16    8 

5  20 

J6  19 

5     9 

25 

Mon. 

6  28 

5    0 

(i  25 

5    3 

r 

22  '5    0 

6 

20 

5    9 

6  1 

i 

5  13 

6  12 

5  17 

6    9 

5  19  |6  20 

5     8 

26 

ru. 

0  29:4  59 

0  26 

5    2 

c 

235    5 

6 

21 

5    8 

61 

7 

5  12 

6  13 

5  16 

6  10 

5  18 

(i  21 

5     6 

27  i  Wed. 

0  31  i  4  57 

6  27 

5    0  |6 

245    3 

6 

22 

5    6 

6  18 

5  11 

6  14 

5  15 

6  10 

5  17 

6  22 

5     5 

28  Th. 

6  32  4  56 

0  28 

4  59  '  \  6 

255    2 

6 

23 

5    5 

6  1 

i 

5  10    6  15 

5  14 

6  11 

5  16 

(i  23 

5     4 

29  Fri. 

0  33  4  54 

(i  2<) 

4  571  6 

205    0    6 

5    3 

:6  20 

5    8  16  16 

5  13 

6  12 

5  15 

6  24 

5     4 

30  Sat. 

6  35  4  53 

0  30 

4  55:  6 

27l  4  59 

6 

25 

5    2 

|6  2 

) 

5    7  !  6  16 

5  12 

6  12  5  14    6  24 

5     3 

31  Sun. 

6  30  4  51 

0  32 

4  54  !  !  6 

29  4  58  !  0 

26 

5    1  1  !  0  21 

5    6  :  6  17  5  11 

6  13  5  13  10  2515     2 

LENGTH  AND 

DECREASE   OF  DAYS. 

a 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.           \Vashir 

gto 

Q. 

Raleigh. 

Charlestown. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

* 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philudc 

Iphia.           Baltir 

note 

Nasln 

ille. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Francisco. 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

I 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr.         L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

1 

11  44  3  48    11  45  3  32 

i  11  46  ;  3  19    1147 

3 

6 

11  49 

2  46 

11  51  2  26 

11  532  10  11  45 

3    2 

3 

11  38  3  55 

11  40  3  37 

111  41 

3  24    11  42 

:j 

11 

11  45 

2  50 

11  47  2  30 

11  49  2  141  11  40 

3    7 

5 

11  32,4    1 

11  34|3  43 

11  36 

3  29    11  37 

Hi 

11  40 

2  55 

11  43  2  34 

11  45  2  18:  11  35 

3  12 

7 

11  2014    7 

jll  28|3  49 

11  30 

3  35    11  32  3 

21 

11  30  2  59 

11  39  2  38 

11  42  2  21:  11  30 

3  17 

9 

11  20  !  4  13 

11  23  3  54 

11  25 

3  40    11  27 

;; 

26 

11  32 

3    3 

11  36  2  41 

11  39  2  24i 

11    26 

3  21 

11 

11  14!4  19    11  17:4    0 

11  20 

3  45  111  22 

3 

•51 

11  27 

3    8 

11  32  2  45 

11  35  2  28 

11    22 

3  2r. 

13 

11    84  25    11  11  4    6 

11  14 

3  51  !  11  17 

3 

•SO 

11  23  3  12 

11  28  2  49 

11  31  !  2  32  11  17 

3  30 

15 

11    24  31    11    6l4  11 

11    9 

3  50    11  12  3  41 

11  18  3  17 

11  24  2  53 

11  28  2  35  11  12 

3  35 

17 

10  50,4  30 

ill    0  4  17 

11    4 

4    ll  11    7 

3 

16 

11  14 

3  21 

11  20  '  2  57 

11  24'2  39  11    7 

3  40 

1!) 

10  50  4  42 

10  54  4  23 

10  58 

4    7    11    2 

3 

-,  { 

11    9 

3  26 

11  16i3    1 

11  20  2  43  ,11    2|3  45 

21 

10  444  48110  494  28 

10  54 

4  11     10  58 

3 

~>0 

11    5 

3  30 

11  13!3    4 

11  17  2  40  10  57(3  50 

23 

10  38  4  54 

10  44l4  33 

10  49 

4  10    10  53 

4 

0 

111    1 

3  34 

11    9  3    8 

11  13  2  50  10  5213  55 

35 

10  32  5    0 

10  38  4  39 

10  44 

4  21   110  49:4 

4 

ilO  57!3  38 

11    513  12 

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18  j   10  44 

3  51  ,  :  10  54  3  23    11    0  3    3  10  37  4  10 

1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


OCTOBER,  Tenth  Month. 


WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN. 

MEAN   TIME   OF  MOON'S   RISING   AND 

SETTING. 

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. 

MOON'S 

PHASES.   Ac. 

WASHINGTON. 

SAN 
FRANCISCO. 

SITUATION  OF  THE    PLANETS. 

New  Moon..  . 

.     5      9    11  Mo.     5 

6    10  Mo. 

Venus  in  Librauntil  the  13th,  then  in  Scorpio. 

First  Quarter  ....  12      4    54  Mo.   12      1     53  Mo. 
Full  Moon  i20      8    49  Mo.  120      5    48  Mo.  ! 

Mars  in  Libra  until  the  18th,  then 
Jupiter  in  Aries  all  the  month. 

in  TH 

Last  Quarter  
Moon  in  Perigee.. 

28      3    26  Mo.  i28      0    25  Mo. 
5      2.2      Mo.  !  4    11.2      Ev. 

Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Apogee.. 

18      4.5      Mo.   18 

1.5      Mo. 

Venus  nearest  Mars  the  6th. 

Saturn  nearest  Venus  the  25th. 

MEAN   TIME   OF  BEGINNING   AND   END    OF   TWILIGHT. 

3           Augu 

sta. 

Boston. 

Xew  York 

Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

Sa 

a 

I 

Port! 

ind. 

Albany. 

Philadelphir 

Baltimore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah. 

Mol 

ile. 

Franc 

isco. 

m 

Oree 

on. 

Chicago. 

Indianapoli 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Yicksburg. 

Tex 

as. 

Richn 

ond. 

I 

j  Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.!  Ends. 

Begins.  ',  End 

a.    i  Begins.  Ends. 

Begins,  j  Ends. 

Begins.  :  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

1 

4  21 

7  18 

4  23  7  17 

4  25  7  1 

6      4  27  7  13 

4   30  7   10 

4  32  7    8 

4  34 

7      6 

4   29 

7   12 

6 

4  26 

7  10 

4  29i7    7 

4  8117 

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4  34!7    2 

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4  41  6  4 

8      4  42  6  49 

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42 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


NOVEMBER,  1869. 


MEAN  TIME  OF  SUN-RISE  AND 

SUN-SET  ;    FOR  SUN'S   UPPER  LIMB. 

g 

Augusta. 
Port  and. 

Boston. 

Albany. 

New  York. 

Philadelphia. 

Washington. 
Baltimore. 

Raleigh. 

Nashville. 

Charleston. 
Savannah. 

New  Orleans.              San 
Mob  le.             Francisco. 

i 

• 

Day  of 
the 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

In 

dianapolis. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas.        j  :     Riclu 

iond. 

€ 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

I 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

R 

968.      Sets. 

jRis 

».  '  Sets. 

Rises.  |  Sets. 

Rises.  I  Sets. 

Rises.    Sets.      Rises. 

Sets. 

1 

Mon. 

6  37 

4  50  1  !  6  33  4  53 

(; 

304 

57 

6  275    0 

G  22  5    5 

6  18  5  10 

6  14!5  13  16  27 

5     0 

2  Tn. 

6  39 

4  49 

G  34  4  52 

6 

31  4 

5(5 

G  '. 

>8  4  59 

6  23  5    4 

6  19  5    9 

6  155  12  !6  28 

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4  47 

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324 

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6  36 

4  50 

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50  4  57 

6  25  5    2 

6  21  5    7 

6  17  5  10    6  29 

4  58 

5!Fri. 

6  43 

445 

6  38  4  49 

6 

344 

6  31  4  56 

6  26i5    2 

0  22  5    7 

1  6  17  5  10  16  31 

4  57 

6  Sat. 

6  44 

4  44 

6  39  4  47 

ti 

354 

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6  I 

52  4  55 

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7  Sun. 

6  45 

4  42 

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364 

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6  : 

53  4  54 

6  2S!5    0 

6  24 

5    5  I  6  19  5    8 

G  33 

4  55 

8  Mon. 

6  47 

4  41 

6  42  4  45 

(i 

384 

111 

6  3o  4  53 

6  30  4  59 

0  25 

5    4  I  6  20  5    8 

G  34 

4  54 

9  Tn. 

G  48 

4  40 

6  48  4  44 

6 

394 

IS 

6  : 

56  4  52 

6  31  i  4  58 

G  26 

5    3  !  6  20  5    7 

i  6  35 

4  53 

10  Wed. 

6  49 

4  39 

6  44  4  43 

404 

47 

G  J 

574  51 

6  32  4  57 

G  27J5    2    6  21  5    6 

6  37 

4  52 

G  51 

4  38 

6  46 

4  42 

6 

424 

10 

G  39  4  50 

6  33  4  56 

6  285    2i  6  225    6 

6  38 

4  51 

12'Fri. 

6  52 

4  37 

6  47 

4  41 

(5 

434 

15 

6  - 

10  4  49 

6  34  4  55 

G  29  5    116  23^5    5 

(i  39 

4  50 

13  Sat. 

6  53 

4  36 

6  48 

4  40 

(i 

444 

44 

6  41  4  48 

6  35  4  54 

6  30  5    0  i  1  6  24 

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6  40 

4  49 

14  Sun. 

6  55 

4  35 

6  50 

4  39 

<> 

464 

1:5 

G  ' 

12  4  47 

6  36  4  54 

6  31 

5    0  1  i  6  25 

5    4 

6  41 

4  49 

15  'Mon, 

G  56 

4  34 

16  51 

4  38 

(i 

47;4 

42 

G  <• 

13  4  46 

6  37  1  4  53 

6  32 

4  59 

(i  2(5 

5    4 

6  41 

4  48 

16;Tu. 

6  57 

4  33 

16  52 

4  37 

48,4 

41 

6  44!4  45 

6  38!4  52 

6  32 

6  26 

5    3 

G  42:4  47 

17  Wed. 

6  59 

4  32 

6  53 

4  36 

i; 

494 

JO 

G  ' 

15  4  44 

6  39  4  51 

6  33 

4  58 

6  27 

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4  31 

6  54 

6 

504 

)(> 

6  < 

16  4  44 

6  40  4  51 

6  34 

4  57 

6  28 

5    2 

6  45 

4  46 

19lFri. 

17    1 

4  30 

|6  55 

4  34 

6  51  4 

•39 

6  47  4  43 

6  41  ;4  50 

6  35  4  56 

6  29 

5    2 

6  46  '4  46 

20  Sat, 

7    3 

4  2!) 

|6  57 

4  34 

6 

524 

'iS 

6  '- 

18  4  42 

6  42|4  49 

6  36  4  56 

6  2!) 

5    2 

6  47 

4  45 

21  Sun. 

7    4 

4  29 

16  58 

4  33 

534 

38 

6  49  4  42 

6  42!4  49 

6  36  4  55 

6  30 

5    1 

16  47J4  45 

22  Mon. 

7    5 

4  28 

6  59 

4  32  i 

6 

544 

57 

6  i 

>0  4  41 

6  43:4  48 

6  37 

4  55 

6  31 

5    1 

6  48 

4  44 

23  Tn. 

7    6 

4  27 

7    0 

4  81 

6 

554 

36 

6  f 

)1  4  41 

6  44k  48 

6  38 

4  55 

6  32 

5    1 

6  49 

4  43 

24  Wed. 

7    8 

4  26 

7    2 

4  31 

(i 

574 

•56 

6  52  4  41 

6  45  4  47 

6  39 

4  54 

6  33 

5    0 

6  50 

4  43 

25JTh. 

[7    9 

4  26 

7    3 

i  30 

(i 

584 

35 

6  t 

>34  40 

6  46  4  47 

G  40  4  54 

6  34 

5    0 

6  51 

4  42 

2(vFri. 

7  10 

4  25 

7    4 

4  30 

(i 

5914 

55 

6  f 

>44  40 

6  47  4  47 

G  40  4  54 

6  34 

5    0 

6  52 

4  42 

27  Sat. 

17  11 

4  25 

7    5 

4  29 

7 

04 

!5 

6  55'4  40 

6  48!4  47 

G  41  4  54 

6  35 

5    0 

6  53  !4  42 

28  Sun. 

!7  13 

4  24 

7    6 

4  29 

7 

1  '4 

!5 

G  i 

>6  4  40 

6  49l4  47 

6  42  4  54    G  36 

5    0 

6  55 

4  42 

29  Mon.     7  14 

4  24 

7    8 

4  29 

7 

34 

55 

(i  f 

>8'4  40 

6  50  4  47 

G  43 

4  54  H  6  37 

5    0  i  j  6  56 

4  42 

30  Tn.      1  7  15 

4  23 

7    9 

4  28  1 

7 

44 

34 

G  59  4  39 

6  5114  47 

6  44  4  54  !  !  6  38 

5    O'lO  574  41 

LENGTH 

AND  DECREASE   OF   DAYS. 

3 

Augusta. 

Boston.               New  York. 

Washington. 

Rale:Sh. 

Charleston.         New  Ojieans. 

Ss 

^ 

Portland. 

Albany.             Philade 

Iphia. 

Ballin 

ore. 

Nashville. 

Savun  lah. 

Mobile. 

Fran 

isco. 

-3 

Oregon. 

Chicago.             Indianapolii. 

St.  Louia. 

Msmpuis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th 

Dcr.    I      L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dor. 

1 

10  13 

5  19  N  10  20  4  57    10  27 

4  38 

10  33 

4   20 

10  43 

3  52 

10  52 

3  25  ;10  59  i  3    4  10  33 

4  14 

3 

10    8 

5  25     10  16  5    1  j  i  10  23 

4  42 

10  29 

4  24 

LO  39 

3  56 

10  48 

3  28  \  10  55  3    8  10  31 

4  16 

5 

10    2 

5  30  i   10  11  5    6     10  18 

4  47 

10  25 

4  28 

LO  35 

4    0 

10  45 

3  32; 

10  53 

3  10 

10  26 

4  21 

7 

9  57 

5  35 

10    6  5  11 

(10  14 

4  51 

10  21 

4  32 

LO  31 

4    4! 

10  41 

3  36' 

10  49 

3  14 

10  22 

4  25 

9  52 

5  40 

10    1  5  16 

J10    9 

4  56 

10  16 

4  37 

LO  27 

4    8 

10  37 

3  40  : 

1047 

3  16 

10  18 

4  29 

11 

9  47 

5  45 

9  59  5  18 

10    5 

5    0 

10  11 

4  42 

LO  23 

4  12 

10  34 

3  43 

10  44 

3  19 

10  13 

4  34 

18 

9  42 

5  50 

9  5215  25 

10    0 

5    5 

10    7 

4  46 

10  19 

4  16 

10  30 

3  47| 

10  41 

3  22 

10    9 

4  38 

15 

9  37 

5  55 

9  47  5  30 

9  55 

5  10 

10    3 

4  50 

10  15 

4  20 

10  27 

3  50 

10  38 

3  25 

10    7 

4  40 

17 

9  33 

5  59 

9  43  5  34 

I   9  51 

5  14 

9  59 

4  54 

10  12 

4  23! 

10  25 

3  52 

10  36 

3  27 

10    3  4  44 

1'.) 

9  29 

6    4 

9  39!5  38 

I   9  48 

5  17 

9  5(5 

4  57 

10    9 

4  2(5 

10  21 

3  56' 

10  33 

3  30 

10    0 

4  47 

21 

9  256    8 

9  35  5  42 

!   9  44 

5  21 

9  53 

5    01 

10    6 

4  29 

10  19 

358' 

10  31 

3  32 

9  58 

4  49 

9  21  16  12 

9  31  5  46 

9  41 

5  24 

9  50 

5    3 

10    4 

4  31 

10  17 

4    0; 

10  29 

3  34 

954 

4  53 

25 

9  17  6  16 

9  27  5  50 

9  37 

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9  40 

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10  22 

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1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 
NOVEMBER,  Eleventh  Month. 


43 


•5 

WASHINGTON  MERIDIAN,     j 

MEAN   TIME  OP  MOON'S  RISING   AND  SETTING. 

J 

i 

. 

81 

lerei 

Sun  at 

Moon    n       A 

ugusta.  j   Boston.      X.  Yo 

rk.  1  Wa 

sh'tn. 

Raleigh. 

Cha'ston. 

N.  Or'ls. 

« 

1  & 

p( 

rtland.     Albany.     Philac 

'a.'  Bal 

tim'e.    Vshville. 

Savan'h. 

Mo 

ill*. 

3 
•s 

-8 

sh 

* 

ran. 

M 

x>n  Mark 

Meridian. 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Ind'polis. 

St.  Louis.    Memp's. 

Vicksb'g. 

Tea 

EM. 

Fr'ncisco. 

1 

1 

Day. 

Ev 

nlng 

Morning.  ' 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

1 

305 

27.1      9 

14 

11  43  41 

9  45 

3  20 

3  21 

3  21 

3  22 

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3  24 

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4  36 

4  35 

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1 

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5 

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39 

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0.7 

!) 

3 

1 

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Sets. 

Bat*. 

Sets 

8 

cts. 

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Sets. 

8< 

is. 

Sets. 

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1.7 

8 

59    11  43  44  1    1  28 

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( 

40 

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59 

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8 

55  ill 

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7  2 

3 

1 

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23 

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9    7 

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9 

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9 

89 

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5    9 

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38 

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orn. 

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lie 

tn. 

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8 

31    11  44  21 

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9 

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0 

1 

12 

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21 

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8 

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7 

s 

8 

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2 

L3 

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8 

19 

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9  34 

3    3 

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3 

8 

3 

3    4 

3    4 

3 

4 

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35 

9 

: 

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3  57 

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55 

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55 

4  52 

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822 

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5 

52 

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40 

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323 

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8 

4    11 

45  3! 

Morn. 

] 

i  ses. 

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Rise. 

R 

ses. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rii 

Rises. 

20 

324 

16.7 

8 

0    11  45  54 

33 

5  52 

5  55 

6 

0 

6 

4 

6  11 

6  18 

6 

25 

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325 

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7 

56    11  46    i 

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6 

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4 

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7 

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,) 

.  7 

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327 

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40 

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4  59 

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10  58 

20 

330 

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7 

36  111 

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\ 

11 

56 

12    0 

Morn. 

Mi 

rn. 

Morn. 

27 

331 

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7 

32 

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Morr 

M 

orm 

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3 

7 

4 

28  332 

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7 

28 

11 

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7  36 

1    2 

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1 

4 

1 

1      7 

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1 

11 

1  12 

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7 

24 

11 

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2  15 

2  1 

5 

•) 

15 

2  15 

2  15 

2 

15 

2  22 

30  a34  I 

20.7 

7 

20    11 

49    1 

9  20 

3  27 

3  27 

3  25 

s 

24 

3  22 

3  21 

3 

19 

3  30 

MOON'S 

PHASES,  &c. 

WASHINGTON.         FRA^SCO> 

SITUATION   OP  THE    PLANETS. 

New  Moon  

D. 

3 

6    27  Ev.      3 

H3    26  Ev. 

Venus  in  Scorpio  until  the  8th,  then  in  t  . 

First  Quarter  
Full  Moon 

10 
1!) 

9    47  Ev.    10      6    46  Ev. 
2    10  Mo.   18    11       9  Ev. 

Mars  in  Scorpio  until  the  28th. 

.Tnnitpr  in   A  IMPS  Jill  thf*  month 

Last  Quarter  
Moon  in  Perigee.. 
Moon  in  Apogee.. 
Moon  in  Perigee.. 

26 

2 
14 

50 

1      6  Ev.    26    10      5  Mo.     Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
0.4      Ev.     2      9.4      Mo.     Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 
3.7      Ev.    14      0.7      Ev.  1   Jupiter  brightest  this  month. 
4.1      Ev.    30      1.1      Ev.  I    Mars  nearest  Saturn  the  9th. 

MEAN    TIME  OP  BEGINNING  AND  END  OP  TWILIGHT. 

4 

Augusta. 

Bos 

on. 

New  York. 

Waal  ingtom 

Raleigh. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

^ 

Port  and. 

Alba 

ny. 

Philadelphia. 

Bait  more. 

Nash 

-ille. 

Savannah. 

Mobile. 

Francisco. 

•3 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis. 

St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

| 

Begins,  j  Enc 

8. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins.  !  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begin 

i.  Ends. 

Begins.  ';  Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

1 

4  59:6  28 

4  58 

6   30 

4  57  i  6  31 

4  5' 

6  31 

4  55 

6  33 

4  5 

46  34 

4  53  6  a5 

4  56  6  31 

6 

556  23 

5    4 

6  24 

5    3i6  25 

5    2|6  26 

5      0 

6  28 

4  5 

8  6  30 

4  57  6  32 

5    11627 

11 

5  11  6  ] 

8 

5    9 

6  20 

5    86  20 

5    t 

6  22 

5    4 

6  24 

5 

2(5  27 

5    0  6  29 

5    5623 

16 

5  17  6  ] 

3 

5  14 

6  16 

5  13  6  16 

5  If 

6  19 

5    8 

6  21 

5 

6  6  24 

5    4!6  27 

5    96  20 

21 

5  22  6  10 

5  19 

6  13 

5  186  14  i 

5  1." 

6  17 

5  12 

6  19 

5  10  6  22 

5    7!6  26 

5  13  6  18 

20 

5  276 

8 

5  24 

6  11 

5  23  6  121 

5  2C 

>  6  15 

5  17 

6  18 

5  1 

46  21 

5  10  6  25 

5  18  6  16 

80 

5  31  6 

7 

5  28 

6  10 

5  26!6  11  ! 

5  24  6  14  j 

5  20 

6  17 

5  1 

7  6  21 

5  12i6  25 

5  22  6  15 

44 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[18(50. 


DECEMBER,   1869. 


MEAN   TIME  OF   SUN-RISE   AND   SUN 

SET; 

FOR  SUN'S  UPPER  LIMB. 

9 

Augusta. 
Portland. 

Boston. 
Albany. 

New  York.      !  Washington.  |  I       Raleigh. 
Philadelphia.       Halt  r.ore.     II     Nashville. 

Charleston. 

New  Orleans.    !           San 
Mob  le.          i     Francisco. 

X 

Day  of 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indiuuapolis. 

St.  LouU 

.       j      Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

-. 

the 

' 

s 

'T 

Week. 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN 

SCN 

SUN 

SUN 

SUN                      SUN 

1 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises.  I  Sets.      Rises.  -Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets. 

Rises. 

Sets.      Rises. 

Sets. 

1 

Wed. 

7  10  4  23 

7  10  4  28  i  f 

r    54  34 

7 

0  4  31) 

6  52  4  46 

1644 

4  54 

6  39 

5    6  i  6  57 

4    41 

•2 

Th. 

7  17  4  22 

7  11 

428  r 

'    64  34 

7 

1 

1   . 

59 

6  f 

,:! 

4  46  !  i  6  45 

4  54 

6  40 

5    06  58 

4  41 

3 

Fri. 

7  18,4  22 

7  12 

4  28 

7    7|4  34 

7 

2  4  39 

6  54 

4  46 

6  46 

4  54 

6  40 

5    0  |7    0 

4  41 

4 

Sat. 

7  19  4  22 

7  13 

4  28 

1 

'    84  33 

7 

3 

I  : 

19 

6  i 

,.-) 

4  46 

6  47 

4  54 

6  41 

50171 

4  41 

5 

Sun. 

7  20  4  22 

7  14 

4  28 

'    94  33 

7 

1 

1  : 

J8 

6  . 

,li 

4  46 

6  47 

4  54 

6  42 

5    0!|7    1 

4  41 

o 

Mon. 

7  21 

4  22 

7  15 

4  28 

• 

'  10  4  33 

7 

5 

4  : 

;s 

6  i 

n 

4  46 

6  48 

4  54 

6  43 

5    07    2 

4  41 

7 

Tu. 

7  22 

4  22 

7  16 

4  28 

1 

11  4  33 

7 

(5  4  38 

i  6  58 

4  46 

6  49 

4  54 

6  44 

5073 

4  41 

8 

Wed. 

7  23 

4  22 

7  17 

4  28:  ' 

12  4  33 

7 

7 

4  : 

58  i  6  i 

i) 

4  46 

6  50 

4  54 

6  44 

5    1 

17    4 

4  41 

g 

Th. 

7  24 

4  21 

7  18 

4  28.  r 

13  4  33 

7 

8 

1  : 

)8    :6£ 

>9 

4  46 

6  50 

4  54 

6  45 

5    1 

7    5 

4  41 

to 

Fri. 

7  25 

4  21 

7  19 

4  28 

7  14  4  33 

7 

9:4  38 

? 

04  46 

6  51 

4  54 

6  46 

5    1 

7    6 

4  42 

11 

Sat. 

7  20 

4  21 

7  20 

4  28 

r 

15  4  33    7 

10 

4  : 

,s 

7 

1 

4  46 

6  5-2 

4  55 

6  46 

5    1 

|7    7 

4  42 

12 

Sun. 

7  27 

4  22 

7  21 

1  28     " 

164  33    7 

11 

1  : 

s 

7 

•2 

4  46    6  53 

4  55 

6  47 

5    2 

7    8 

4  42 

13 

Mon. 

7  28  4  22 

7  22 

1  -23     " 

164  33    7 

11  14  38 

7 

3 

4  46  !  i  6  54  4  55 

648 

5    2 

7    8 

4  43 

li 

Tu. 

7  28|4  22 

7  23 

4  28 

' 

174  33 

7 

12 

1  : 

58 

7 

i 

4  46    6  55 

455 

6  485    2 

7    9 

4  43 

15 

Wed. 

7  -29 

4  22 

7  24 

4  29 

' 

18  4  34 

7' 

13 

1  : 

!) 

7 

5 

4  47 

6  56 

4  56 

6  49  5    3 

7    9 

4  44 

Hi 

Th. 

7  30 

4  22 

7  24 

4  29 

7  18  4  34 

7 

13|4  39 

7 

54  47 

6  56 

4  56 

6  49  5    3 

7  10 

4  44 

17 
l,s 

Fri. 

Sat. 

7  30  4  23 
7  31  !  4  23 

7  25 
7  25 

4  29 
4  29 

7  19  4  34 
7  19  4  34 

7 
7 

14  4  40     7 
14  4  40     7 

6  4  48    6  57 
(i  4  48    6  57 

4  56  i  6  50 
4  56  i  6  50 

5    3 
5    3 

17  11 
;7  11 

4  44 
4  45 

I'.i 

Sun. 

7  32  4  23 

7  26 

4  30 

7 

20  4  35 

7 

15 

1  - 

1 

7 

1 

4  49  1  6  58 

4  57 

6515    4 

7  12 

4  45 

20 

2i 

Mon. 
Tu. 

7  32 
7  33 

4  24 

4  24 

7  26 

7  27 

4  30 
4  31 

7  20  4  35 
7  21  4  36 

7 
7 

154  41 
15  4  42 

7 

1 

7 
8 

4  49    6  58 
4  50    6  59 

4  57 

4  58 

16515    4 
6  52:5    5 

7  12 
7  13 

4  45 
4  46 

2-2 

Wed. 

7  33 

4  25 

7  27 

4  31 

7  21  4  36 

7 

164  42 

7 

s 

4  50  !  6  59 

4  58 

6  52  5    5  !  7  13 

4  46 

>:} 

Th. 

7  33 

4  25 

7  28 

432 

7 

22  4  37 

7 

16 

4  4 

3 

7 

9 

4  51 

7    0 

4  59 

6  53 

5    6  1  7  13 

4  47 

•>! 

Fri. 

7  34 

4  26 

7  23 

4  32 

7 

22  4  37 

7 

II) 

4  43 

7 

94  51 

17    0  4  59 

6  53 

5    6 

17  14 

4  47 

25 

Sat. 

7  34 

4  27 

7  28 

4  33 

7 

22  4  38 

7 

4  4 

! 

7 

9 

4  52 

7    0 

5    0 

6  53 

5    7 

7  14 

4  48 

26 

Sun. 

7  35 

4  27 

7  29 

4  33 

7 

23  4  38 

7 

17 

1 

4 

7 

9 

4  52 

7    1 

5    1 

6  54 

5    7 

17  15 

4  49 

27 

Mon. 

7  35 

4  28 

7  29 

4  34  i 

7 

23  4  39 

7  17  |4  45 

7 

94  53 

7    1 

5    1 

6  54 

5    8 

7  15 

4  49 

28 

Tu. 

7  35 

4  29 

7  29 

4  34! 

7 

234  39  i 

7 

is 

1  < 

•5 

7'  1 

0 

4  53 

7    1 

5    2 

6  55 

5    9 

i  7  15 

4  50 

29  Wed. 

7  .35 

4  29 

7  29 

4  35 

1 

23  4  40 

7 

is 

1 

6 

7  1 

0 

4  54     7    2 

5    3 

6  55 

5    9 

7  16 

4  51 

30  Th. 

7  3»5  4  30 

7  30 

4  36  : 

7 

24  4  41 

7 

18 

1 

77] 

0 

4  55     7    2 

5    4 

6  55  5  10  ;  7  16 

4  51 

8l|Fri.       7  30  4  31     7  30 

4  37  1  7  24  4  42 

7 

19  4  48  i  7  11 

4  56  i  i  7    35    5 

,6  56  5  111  7  16  4  52 

LENGTH  AND  DECREASE  OP 

DAYS. 

f' 

Augusta. 

Boston. 

New  York.           Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Charles 

own. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

Portland. 

Albany. 

Philade 

Iphia.          Baltit 

uV< 

Nub 

in 

Savanr 

ah. 

Mobile. 

Francisco. 

8 

•s 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Texas. 

Richmond. 

1 

L'th.    1  Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr.         L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th. 

Dcr. 

L'th.    | 

Dor. 

L'th.      Dcr.     !  L'th. 

Dcr. 

1 

976  26 

9   18  5   59 

9   29 

5311     9395 

11 

9  54 

4 

48 

10  10  4  19 

10  21  4  44 

9  44  5    3 

3 

9    46  28 

9  16  6    1 

9  27 

5  33      9  37 

r» 

16 

9  52 

4 

50 

10    8 

4  21 

10  20  4  45' 

9  41  5    6 

5 

9    1  6  31 

9  u;e  3 

9  24 

5  36  I     9  34 

5 

19 

9  50 

1 

52 

10    7 

422J 

10  18  4  47; 

9  405    7 

7 

8  50  6  33 

9  12i6    5 

9  22 

5  33      9  32 

5 

22 

9  48 

1 

54 

10    5 

I  24 

10  17  4  48; 

9  38  5    9 

9 

8  57  0  35 

9  10  6    7 

920540      9305231 

9  474 

55 

10    44  25 

10  16  4  49 

9  36  5  11 

11 

8  55  6  37 

9    86    9 

9  18 

5  42      9  28 

5 

2.-> 

9  45 

1 

57 

10    2 

4  27 

10  15  4  50 

9  35  5  12 

18 

8  53  6  38 

9    66  11 

9  17 

5  43      9  27 

5  26 

9  434 

59 

10    1  4  28 

10  144  5l! 

9  35 

5  12 

15 

8  53  0  39 

9    56  12 

9  16 

5  44      9  26 

5 

27 

9  42 

5 

0 

10    0 

4  29 

10  13  4  52; 

9  35 

5  12 

17 

8  5-26  40 

9    4  6  13 

9  15 

5  45      9  26 

5 

27 

9  42 

5 

0 

9  59 

1  30 

10  13  4  52 

9  33 

5  14 

19 

851(5  41 

9    4  6  13 

9  15 

5  45      9  26 

5  27 

9  42 

5 

0 

9  5!)  4  30 

10  13  4  52 

9  33 

5  14 

21 

8  51  I  Incr. 

9    4 

[   Incr. 

9  15 

Incr.         9  26 

In 

9  42 

i 

icr. 

9  59 

Incr. 

10   13    Incr. 

9  33 

Incr. 

2:; 

8510    0 

9    4 

0    0 

9  15 

00      9  26 

0 

*o 

9  '42 

o 

0 

9  59 

)    Oi 

10  13|0    0 

9  34 

0      1 

2."> 

85-20    1 

9501 

9  16 

0     1        il  27 

0 

0 

9  42 

0 

0 

9  59 

3    0 

10  13  0    0 

9  34 

0    1 

8  53  0    2 

9    50    1 

9  16|0    1       9  2710 

1 

9  43  0 

1 

10    0[0    1 

10  14|0    l! 

9  34|0    1 

J9 

8  53  0    4 

9    60    2 

9  17 

02      9  28 

0 

2 

9  44 

0 

2 

10    1 

)    2 

10  14:0    1 

9  35  0    2 

il 

8  54  0    5 

9703 

9  18  0    3      9  29  0 

3 

9  45  0 

3  |10    2iO    3 

10  1510    2 

9  36  0    3 

1809.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT, 


45 


DECEMBER,  Twelfth  Month. 


. 

4 

WASHINGTON   MERIDIAN. 

MEAN  TIME   OF  MOON'S  RISING  AND 

SETTING. 

1  2 

.- 

Sidereal 

Sun  at 

Moon 

,       Augusta. 

Boston. 

N.  York.  |  Wa 

sh'cn.    Raleigh.    Cha'ston.    N.  Or'ls. 

1 

1 
•s 

''|  S, 
S  * 

Xoon  Mark 

Meridian. 

Portland. 
Oregon. 

Albany. 
Chicago. 

Philad'a. 
Ind'polis. 

Bi 

St. 

tim'e. 
Louis. 

N'shville.    Savan'h. 
Memp's.    Vicksb'g. 

Mobile. 
Texas. 

Fr'ncisco. 

i 

1 

|Day. 

Evening. 

Morning. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

Rises. 

J 

335 

27.7 

7 

16 

11    49   24 

10   14 

4  42 

4  40 

4  38 

4   36 

4  32 

4  2! 

4 

25 

4  40 

2 

330 

2 

8.7 

7 

12 

11  49  47 

11    10 

5  57 

5  54 

5  51 

5 

47 

5  42 

5  3r 

5 

:;-2 

5  51 

s 

337 

(.:•! 

7 

9 

11  50  11 

Ev.     7 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

Sets. 

4 

338 

1.8 

7 

5 

11  50  35 

1    5 

5  51 

5  55 

0    0 

0 

5 

6  13 

6  2f 

6 

28 

j  14 

5  339 

2  '•> 

7 

1 

11  51     1 

2    2 

6  48 

6  52 

6  57 

1 

2 

7  10 

7  r 

7 

£5 

7  11 

01340 

\.'l 

( 

57 

11  51  2G 

2  57 

7  49 

7  52 

7  57 

s 

2 

8    9 

8  1( 

8 

23  ! 

3  10 

7341 

4.3 

6 

53 

11  51  52 

3  49 

8  51 

8  54 

8  58 

9    2 

9    9 

9  15 

9 

21       9  11 

8342 

")  '•> 

t; 

49 

11  52  19 

4  38 

9  53 

9  55 

9  59 

10 

2 

10    7 

10  15. 

10 

17 

1 

3  10 

9  343 

1.3 

ti 

45 

11  52  4( 

5  24 

10  54 

10  50 

10  58 

n 

1 

11    5 

11    8 

11 

•  -i 

1 

I    8 

10  344 

7.3 

t; 

41 

11  53  13 

6    7 

11  53 

11  54 

11  56 

n 

57 

11  59 

Morn. 

11  345 

^.3 

(; 

37 

11  53  41 

6  49 

Morn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

M 

orn. 

Morn. 

t 

4 

4 

12346 

i  :> 

t; 

33 

11  54    9 

7  30 

52 

52 

53 

53 

54 

55 

66 

I     0 

14 

347    10.3 

348    11.3 

6 
6 

29 

•2.-) 

11  54  38 
11  55    7 

8  12 

8  55 

1  50 
2  49 

1  50 

2  48 

1  49 
2  46 

1  49 
2  45 

1  48 
2  43 

1  48 
2  41 

1 

2 

89 

1  55 

2  50 

15 

349!  1 

ti 

21 

11  55  36 

9  39 

3  48 

8  46 

3  44 

3 

41 

3  38 

3  35 

3 

si 

3  40 

16 

17 

l.S 

350    13.3 
351    14.3 
352  H5.3 

O5O5O 

11 
14 

1!) 

11  56    5 
11  50  34 
11  57    4 

10  26 
11  16 

Morn. 

4  47 
5  48 

Rises. 

4  45 
5  45 

Rises. 

442 
5  41 

Rises. 

4 

5 

B 

39 
37 

scs. 

4  34 
5  31 

Rises. 

4  29 
5  25 

Rises. 

4 
6 

Rii 

•2\ 
19 

4  43 
5  41 

Rises. 

1!) 

353 

10.3 

6 

6 

11  57  33 

9 

5  23 

5  27 

5  32 

5 

37 

5  45 

5   52 

6 

(i 

5  46 

•20 

354  1 

1 

V.') 

6 

2 

11  58    3 

1      4 

6  22 

6  26 

6  31 

6 

36 

6  43 

6  51 

6 

58 

1  44 

21 
22 

856  f  18.8 
350    19.3 

5 
5 

58 
54 

11  58  33 
11  59    3 

2    0 
2  55 

7  26 
8  22 

7  29 
8  25 

7  33 
8  39 

7  38 
8  42 

7  45 

8  48 

7  51 
8  53 

7 
8 

58 

"  ;) 

7  46 
8  50 

•2:! 

357 

•2 

6 

50 

11  59  33 

3  49 

9  43 

9  45 

9  47 

9 

50 

9  54 

9  5£ 

10 

2 

)  57 

24 

358 

2 

5 

46 

12    0    3 

4  42 

10  53 

10  54 

10  56 

10 

57 

10  59 

11    S 

1  ! 

4 

1 

1    4 

25 

:») 

2-2.3 

5  42 

12    0  33 

5  33 

Morn. 

JZorn. 

Morn. 

Morn. 

M< 

Morn. 

•-ill 

•-!(i() 

2, 

i.3 

5 

88 

12    1    3 

6  23 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

fi 

(i 

10 

27 

301 

24.3 

5 

34 

12    1  32 

7  14 

1  13 

1  13 

1  12 

i 

11 

1  10 

1      i 

1 

8 

1  17 

28 

30:2 

21 

-,.:} 

5 

30 

12    2    2 

8    6 

2  25 

2  24 

2  22 

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20 

2  18 

2  U 

2 

13 

2  25 

29  363 

2 

i.3 

5 

26 

12    2  31 

8  59 

3  37 

8  35 

3  82 

3 

29 

3  25 

3  21 

3 

16 

?  34 

30  364 

31  1  365 

27.3 

28.3 

5 

5 

22 
19 

12    3    0 
12    3  2!) 

9  54 

10  50 

4  49 

0    7 

4  45 
0    3 

4  42 
5  59 

\ 
6 

38 
54 

4  32 
5  47 

4  26 
5  40 

4 
6 

20 
33 

4  42 
5  57 

MOO 
PHASE 

NnS 
S,   &o. 

WASHINGTON. 

BAK 

FRANCISCO.     1 

SITUATION  OF  THE    PLANETS. 

1 

D.         H.         M. 

V)  .          II  .         M  . 

tfew  Moon  

3      5    33  Mo. 

3      2    32  Mo. 

Venus  in  Sagittarius  until  the  Oth. 

thenin-v3. 

First  Qua 

rter.. 

10      6      3  Ev. 

10      3      2  Ev. 

Mars  in  Sa 

gittarius  all  the  n 

lOllth 

Full  Moo 

n..  . 

18      6    42  Ev. 

IS      3    41  Ev. 

Jupiter  in 

Aries  all  the  mon 

th. 

Last  Quarter  
Moon  in  Apogee.. 

25      9    20  Ev. 
12    10.1      Mo. 

25      6    25  Ev. 
12      7.1      Mo. 

Saturn  in  Scorpio  all  the  month. 
Uranus  in  Gemini  all  the  month. 

Moon  in  Perigee.. 

27      1.7      Ev. 

27    10.7      Mo. 

MEAN  TIME   OF  BEGINNING   AND  END    OF  TWILIGHT. 

5 

Augu 

jta. 

Boston. 

New  Ye 

rk.           Washington. 

Raleigh. 

Cha*leston. 

New  Orleans. 

San 

§ 

Portl 

md. 

Albany. 

Philadel 

jhia.           Baltimore. 

Nashville. 

Savannah.. 

Mol 

ile. 

Franc 

isco. 

"3 

Oregon. 

Chicago. 

Indianapolis.           St.  Louis. 

Memphis. 

Vicksburg. 

Tei 

as. 

Richmond. 

ft 

Begins. 

Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

Begins,  j  Ends.      Begins,  j  Ends. 

Begins.  !  Ends. 

Begins.  Ends. 

1  Begins.]  Ends. 

Begins. 

Ends. 

i 

5  32 

6      7 

5  29  0    9 

5  27  0  11       5  25  0  13  ',    5  21  0  17 

5   17  6  21 

5  13  0  25 

5  23 

0   15 

6 

5  37 

6    6 

5  34  0    9 

5  32  f 

i  11      5  29  6  14 

5  25:6  18 

5  21  16  22 

5  17 

0  20 

5  27 

0   10 

11 

5  41 

6    7 

5  38  6    8 

5  30  f 

5  11       5  33  6  14 

5  28  6  19 

5  24  6  24 

5  21 

6  27 

5  31 

0   17 

16 

5  44 

fi    8 

5416    9 

5  896  12      5  366  15 

5  3116  21 

5  27  6  27 

5  24 

0  28 

5  34 

6  18 

••'! 

5  47 

6  10 

5  44|6  12 

5  42't 

J  14      5  39  6  17  i 

5  35  '6  23 

5  30  6  29 

5  27 

0  29 

5  37 

0  20 

26 

.',1 

5  49i6  13 
5  62  16  15 

5  4616  15 

5  48|6  19 

5  44  0  17  1     5  41  6  20  | 
545621       543624! 

5  37:6  25 
5  39  6  29 

5  32  6  31 
5  34  6  33 

5  2!  Hi  3-> 
5  31  10  30 

5  39 
5  41 

0  22 
ti  26 

40  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

PLANETARY  CONJUNCTIONS  AND  OTHER  PHENOMENA. 


MONTH. 

Aspect. 

Washington 
Mean  Time. 

Aspect. 

•Washington 
Mean  Time. 

Distance  Apart. 

P 

Jan. 

D  near  $ 
9  near  *> 
Jil  8  Sun 
$  stationary 
])  near  ^ 
J)  near  ? 
J)  near  if 
J)  near  $ 
V  gr.  eloi^.E. 
J)  near  ^ 
])  near  9 
5    8  Sun 
))  near  if 
5  near  $ 
if  6  Neptune 
9  near  s 
1)  near  ^ 
^   D  Sun 
>)  near  9 
J)  near  if 
S  gr.  elon.  W. 
])  near  £ 
^  stationary 
$  stationary 
J)  near  ^ 
1)  near  ? 
f)  near  if 
9   d  Neptune 
if  c5  Sun 
D  near  $ 
if  near  9 
if  near  $ 
$  near  5 
D  near  *> 
?  sup.  6  Sun 
5  near  if 
J)  near  ? 
§  near  $ 
$  D  Sun 
))  near  ^ 
5  gr.  elon.  E. 
*>    8  Sun 
D  near  if 
D  near  ? 
J>  near  $ 

D.    H.  M. 

2    6  30  Mo. 
2  10  32  Ev. 
5    9    8  Mo. 
5    0  42  Ev. 
9    8  27  Mo. 
9  12    0  Ev. 
18    8    9Ev. 
29    9  55  Mo. 
3    8  45  Ev. 
5    6  44  Ev. 
9    8  40  Mo. 
13  11  35  Mo. 
15    0  26  Ev. 
25    5  38  Mo. 
26  10  58  Ev. 
28    1  32  Mo. 
5    3  54  Mo. 
7    3  48  Mo. 
11    5  59  Ev. 
15    6  19  Mo. 
18    3  36  Mo. 
24    7    6  Mo. 
26  10  52  Mo. 
27    6    4  Mo. 
1    0  40  Ev. 
11    2  10  Mo. 
12    1  26  Mo. 
13    6    OEv. 
17    1  20  Mo. 
20    8    2  Ev. 
22    8    9Ev. 
24    1    OEv. 
26    2  33  Ev. 
28    8  46  Ev. 
9    3  16  Mo. 
9    9  23  Ev. 
11    9  47  Mo. 
18    5  17  Ev. 
19    3    8Ev. 
26    3  21  Mo. 
29  10  14  Mo. 
4    7  29  Mo. 
6    5  36  Ev. 
10    3  27  Ev. 
15    7  50  Ev. 

o        t 

$      2    ON. 
9      0  15  S. 
liUSO    OE. 

*      310S. 

9      3  20  S. 
if      3    7N. 
S      3  13  N. 
S    18  15  E. 
*      3    68. 
?      2    OS. 
$  180    OE. 
if      3  29  N. 
$      4    7N. 
if      0  32  N. 
5      3  52  N. 
*>      2  54  S. 
*    90    OW. 
?      0  29  N. 
if      3  46  N. 
S    27  43  W. 
$      332N. 

*      244S. 
?      3  UN. 
if      359N. 

?      0  17  N. 
if      0    0 
S      1  58  N. 
?      0    7S. 
$      0    IN. 
S      0  22N. 
*      2  33  S. 
?      0    0 
if      4    9N. 
9      4  33  N. 
S      0    2N. 
$    90    OE. 
%      217S. 
S    23  16  E. 
*  180    OE. 
11      417N. 
9      3  55  N. 
S      1  57  S. 

June. 

])  near  ^ 
9    A  V 
Sun  apogee 
D  near  if 
J)  near  9 
I)  near  $ 
5  gr.  elon.  W. 
D  near  ^ 
f)  near  if 
Sun  Eclipsed 
£>  near  9 
I)  near  $ 
if  D  Sun 
^  stationary 
J)  near  ^ 
D  near  if 
^    n  Sun 
1)  near  9 
J)  near  5 
if  stationary 
l>  near  ^ 
J>  near  if 
5  gr.  elon.  E. 
9  near  $ 
})  near  $ 
])  near  ? 
2  near  *> 
D  near  if 
^  near  ? 
2  gr.  elon.  W. 
D  near  $ 
I)  near  ^ 
J)  near  9 
if  8  Sun 
36^ 
J)  near  if 
J)  near  ^ 
J)  near  $ 
X»  near  $ 
^    6  Sun 
^  near  v 
9  gr.  elon.  E. 
D  near  if 
])  near  ^ 
Sun  perigee 

D.    H.  M. 

22    8    6  Mo. 
25    7  52  Mo. 
3    3    8Ev. 
4    0  52  Ev. 
10    3  50  Ev. 
14    2  31  Mo. 
16    4  57  Ev. 
19  11  44  Mo. 
1    5  29  Mo. 
7    5    2Ev. 
9  10  49  Mo. 
11    1  11  Ev. 
12    6    2  Mo. 
14    6  58  Ev. 
15    4  11  Ev. 
28    5  29  Ev. 
3    3  34  Mo. 
8    4  13  Mo. 
9    4    2  Mo. 
9    3  54  Ev. 
11  11  34  Ev. 
24  11  31  Ev. 
25    5  39  Ev. 
6    5  24  Mo. 
7  11    1  Ev. 
8    0  33  Mo. 
9  10  55  Mo. 
22    0  26  Mo. 
25    9    5Ev. 
4  12    0  Ev. 
5    9  40  Ev. 
6    1  35  Mo. 
7    0  57  Mo. 
8    1  11  Mo. 
9    9  41  Mo. 
17  11  42  Ev. 
3    5  35  Ev. 
4  10  52  Ev. 
7    0    4  Mo. 
11    8    8  Mo. 
12    7    5  Mo. 
13    3    2Ev. 
15    1  34  Mo. 
31    8  35  Mo. 
31    0  52  Ev. 

0      / 

*      2  37  S. 

9      0  42  N. 

if      4  19  N. 
?      1  40  N. 
S      3  45  S. 
«    20  24  W 
*      2  50  S. 
if      4  14  N. 

?      1  40  S. 
$      5    83. 
if    90    OW. 

*      2  57  S. 
if      4    2N. 
*    90    OE. 
9      4  53  S. 
$      5  48  S. 

*      2  54  S. 
if      3  47  N. 
S    26    4E. 
9      0  38S. 
$      5  39  S. 
9      6  20  S. 
*      2  ,39  S. 
if      3  41  N. 
9      3  31  S. 
S    18  55  W. 
t      4  40  S. 
*>      2  22  S. 
9      5  20  S. 
if  ISO    0  E. 
$      2  11  S. 
if      3  48  N. 
*>      2    78. 
$      3    6  S. 
$      2  15  S. 
*>      00 
5      2  26  S. 
9    47  19  E. 
'if     4    5N. 
*      156S. 

July. 

Feb. 
Mar. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

April. 

Nov. 

May. 

Dec. 

June. 

NOTE.— In  the  table  above  it  is  to  be  understood  that  the  word  "near"  and  the  character  6 
(conjunction)  are  synonymous  and  mean  that  the  two  bodies  are  nearest  each  other  at  the  time 
expressed,  and  that  they  are  then  on  a  line  running  from  the  North  Pole  through  both  bodies, 
and  have  the  same  right  ascension.  GB.  ELON.  means,  greatest  elongation,  or  greatest  appar 
ent  angular  distance  from  the  Sun.  STATIONARY  means  that  the  planet  is  then  without  appar 
ent  motion  east  or  west,  with  respect  to  the  stars,  and  is  about  to  move  in  a  direction  contrary 
to  that  it  last  had.  The  character  s  indicates  that  the  planet  is  opposite  the  sun,  or  180°,  or  a 
half  circle  east  of  it,  and  rises  .when  the  Sun  sets,  and  sets  when  he  rises.  When  a  planet  is  a 
quarter  of  a  circle,  or  90°  from  the  Sun,  east  or  west,  it  is  known  by  D  .  PLANETARY  CHARAC 
TERS  :  s  Mercury,  9  Venus,  $  Mars,  if  Jupiter,  ^  Saturn,  J£  Uranus,  Jp  Neptune,  ])  Moon. 
The  above  table  enables  us  to  find  the  planets  throughout  the  year. 

SATURN'S  RINGS. 

These  Rings  will  be  visible  all  this  year,  the  visual  line  making  an  angle  of  little  more  than 
26°  with  the  plane  of  the  Rings.  Their  northern  surface  is  visible,  the  sun  and  earth  being 
elevated  above  that  side.  They  appear  elliptical,  and  this  year  rather  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  wide. 


1869.]  ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT.  47 

DIAMETER,  REVOLUTIONS,  &c.,  OF  SUN  AND  PRINCIPAL  PLANETS. 


NAMES. 

Diameter  in 
Miles. 

Distance  from  Sun 
in  Miles. 

Pe 

riodical  Revol 

ution. 

Rotation  on  Axis. 

Sun  
Mercury  

887,000 

2,950 
7,800 
7,912 
4,500 
88,000 
73.000 
36,000 
33,000 

36,890,000 

68,000,000 
95,365,000 
145,205.000 
495,917,000 
909,026.000 
1,829,000,000 
2,864.000,000 

YKB. 

0 
0 

1 
1 
11 
29 

84 
164 

D. 

87 
224 
0 
321 
317 
164 
26 
26 

H. 

23 
16 
6 
23 
14 
5 
17 
17 

M. 

15 
49 
9 
81 
2 
16 
21 
6 

44 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

25 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 

7 
0 

•2:5 

23 
0 
9 

10 

48 
5 
21 
58 
87 
56 
16 

i. 

6 

28 
21 
4 
0 
0 
0 

Earth                    

Jupiter              

Saturn 

Neptune  

PRIMARY  PLANETS  AND  ASTEROIDS. 


NAMES. 

Date  of  Discovery. 

Discoverer. 

NAMES. 

Date  of  Discovery. 

Discoverer. 

Mercury 

(  Known  to  the 
)      Ancients. 
(  Known  to  the 
|      Ancients. 
1847,  Oct.  18.... 
1852,  June  24.  .. 
1850,  Sept.  13... 
1853,  Nov.  8.... 
1807,  March  29.. 
1847,  Aug.  13... 
1848,  April  25.  .  . 
1854,  July  22.  .  .  . 
1853,  April  6.... 
1852,  Sept.  19... 
1847,  July  1  
1852,  Nov.  15... 
1852,  Aug.  22... 
1850,  May  11.... 
1852,  April  17... 
1855,  Oct.  5  
1834,  March  1... 
1845,  Dec.  8  
1854,  Oct.  26.... 
1850,  Nov.  2.... 
1851,  May  19.... 
1852,  Dec.  15.  ... 
1851,  July  29.... 
1853,  May  5  
1855,  April  6.... 
1804,  Sept.  1.... 
1856,  Jan.  12.... 
1801,  Jan.  1  
1802,  March  28.. 
1855.  Oct.  5  
1854,  March  1... 
1854,  Oct.  28.... 
1855,  April  19.  .  . 
1852,  Nov.  16  .  . 
1852,  March  17.  . 
1853,  April  5.... 
1849,  April  12... 
1854,  Sept.  1.... 
1856,  Feb.  8  
1856,  March  31.. 
1856,  Mav  22.  .  .  . 
1856,  May  23.  .  .  . 
1857.  April  16... 
1857,  May  27.  ... 
1857,  June  28... 
1857.  Aug.  16... 
1857.  Sept.  9.  ... 

Hind. 
Hind. 
Hind. 
Hind. 
Olbers. 
Hind. 
Graham. 
Hind. 
Chacornac. 
De  Gasparis. 
Hencke. 
Goldschmidt. 
Hind. 
De  Gasparis. 
Luther. 
Luther. 
Marth. 
Hencke. 
Goldschmidt. 
De  Gasparis. 
Hind. 
Hind. 
De  Gasparis. 
Luther. 
Chacornac. 
Harding. 
Chacornac. 
Piazzi. 
Olbers. 
Goldschmidt. 
Luther. 
Chacornac. 
Luther. 
Hind. 
De  Gasparis. 
De  Gasparis. 
De  Gasparis. 
Ferguson. 
Chacornac. 
Goldschmidt. 
Goldschmidt. 
Pogson. 
Pogson. 
Goldschmidt. 
Goldschmidt. 
Pogson. 
Goldschmidt. 

Aglaia  

1857,  Sept.  15.  .  . 
1857,  Sept.  19.  .  . 
1857,  Sept.  19... 
1857,  Oct.  4  
1858,  Jan.  22.... 
1858,  Feb.  6  .... 
1858,  April  4.... 
1858,  Sept.  10.  .  . 
1858,  Sept.  10.  .  . 
1859,  Sept.  22... 
1860,  March  24.  . 
1860,  Sept.  12.  .  . 
1860,  Sept.  9.... 
1860,  Sept.  14.  .  . 
1860,  Sept.  14.  .  . 
1861,  Feb.  11.... 
1861,  March  6... 
1861,  March  10.. 
1861,  April  10... 
1861,  April  18... 
1861,  April  29... 
1861,  April  29... 
1861,  May5  
1861,  May  29.... 
1861,  Aug.  13... 
1862,  April  7.... 
1862,  Auc.  29... 
1862,  Sept.  22... 
1862.  Oct.  21.... 
1862,  Nov.  12... 
1863,  March  15.. 
1863,  Sept.  15... 
1864.  May  2  
1864,  Sept.  30.  .  . 
1864,  Nov.  27... 
1865,  April  26.  .  . 
1865,  Aug.  25  ... 
1865,  Sept.  19... 
1866,  Jan.  4.... 
1866,  May  16.  ... 
1866  
1866,  Aug.  6.... 
1866,  Oct.  1  
1866,  Nov.  4  
1867.  July  26.... 
1867,  Aug.  24... 
1867,  Sept.  6  
j  Known  to  the 
)      Ancients. 
1781.  March  18.. 
1846,  Sept.  23... 

Luther. 
Goldschmidt. 
Goldschmidt. 
Ferguson. 
Laurent. 
Goldschmidt. 
Luther. 
Goldschmidt. 
Searle. 
Luther. 
Luther. 
Chacornac. 
Goldschmidt. 
Ferguson. 
Dr.  Forster. 
De  Gasparis. 
Tempel. 
Tempel. 
Tuttle. 
Pogson. 
Luther. 
Schiaparelli. 
Goldschmidt. 
Peters. 
Luther. 
Tuttle. 
Tempel. 
Dr.  Peters. 
D'Arrest. 
Dr.  Peters. 
Luther. 
Watson. 
Pogson. 
Luther. 
Tempel. 
De  Gasparis. 
Luther. 
Peters. 
Tietjen. 
Pogson. 
Peters. 
Stephen. 
Luther. 
Stephen. 
Dr.  Peters. 
Watson. 
Watson. 

Herschel. 
Le  Verrier. 

Venus  
Earth 

Doris  
Pales 

Mars  
Flora  
Melpomene  
Victoria  
Euterpe  
Vesta 

Virginia 

Nemausa  
Europa  
Calypso  
Alexandra  
Pandora  

Iris  

Metis 

Mnemosyne  ... 
Concordia  
Olympia 

Urania  
Phocea  
Massilia  
Hebe  

Lutetia 

Danae  
Echo  
Erato  
Ausonia  . 

Fortuna  

Angelina  
Maximiliana.  .  . 
Maia  

Parthenope  
Thetis 

Fides  .  .  . 
Amphitrite  
Astnea  
Pomona 

Asia  
Leto  

Hesperia  
Panopea  

E^eria 

Feronia  
Niobe  
Clyde  
Gcalatea  
Eurydice  
Freia  
Frieda 

Irene  
Thalia 

Eunomia  
Proserpine  
Circe  
Juno  
Leda  

Diana  
Eurynome  
Sappho  
Terpsichore  
Alcmena  
Beatrix  
Clio 

Ceres  
Pallas  
Atalanta  
Bellona  
Polyhymnia  
Leucothea  
Calliope  
Psyche 

lo  

Themis  
Hygeia  
Euphrosyne  
Ljetitia  
Harmonia  
Daphne 

isis  ;..; 

Silvia  
Thisbe  
(89)  

Antiope  
(91)  
Undina  
(93)  
(94)  

Ariadne  
Nysa  
Eugenia  
Hestia  .  .  . 
Melete  

Jupiter  
Saturn  
Uranus  
Neptune..  

48  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

AND  VALUABLE  TIDE  TABLE  FOR  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TEN  PLACES. 


PLACES. 

Estab 
lishment 
of   Port. 

Hight  of 
Spring 
Tide. 

Neap 
Tide. 

PLACES. 

Estab 
lishment 
of  Port. 

Hight  of 
Spring 
Tide. 

Neap 

Tide. 

NORTH  -EAST  COAST. 
Hanniwell's  Point  

H.    M. 

11  15 

FEET. 

9.3 

FEET. 

7.0 

Egg  Island  Light  

H.    M. 

9    4 

FEET. 
7.0 

FEET. 
5.1 

Portland  
Portsmouth  .. 

11  25 
11  23 

9.9 

99 

7.0 
7  l> 

Mahon's  River  
Newcastle  

9  52 
11  53 

6.9 
0.9 

5.0 

6  0 

Newburyport 

11  22 

9  1 

0  6 

Philadelphia 

1  18 

0.8 

5  1 

Rockport  
Salem 

10  57 
11  13 

10.2 
10.0 

7.1 
7.0 

CHESAPEAKE,  &c. 

Boston  Light  
Boston  
Plymouth 

11  12 
11  27 
11  19 

10.9 
11.3 

11.4 

8.1 
8.5 
9.0 

Old  Point  Comfort  
Point  Lookout  
Annapolis. 

8  17 
0  32 
4  38 

3.0 
1.9 
1.0 

2.0 
0.7 
0  8 

Wellfleet  
Province  town  
Monomoy  

11    5 

11  22 

11  58 

13.2 
10.8 
5.3 

9.2 

7.7 
2.6 

Bodkin  Light  
Baltimore  
Washington  

5  42 
(5  33 

7  44 

1.3 
1.5 
3.4 

0.8 
0.9 
2.0 

Nantucket   

12  24 

3.0 

2.6 

City  Point  

2  11 

3.0 

2.5 

Hyannis 

12  22 

3.9 

1.8 

Richmond  

4  32 

3.4 

2.3 

Ediirartown 

12  16 

25 

1  6 

Tappahannock 

0  42 

1.9 

1  3 

HoTmes1  Hole  
Tarpaulin  Cove 

11  48 

8    4 

1.8 

2.8 

1.3 

1.8 

SOUTHERN  COAST. 

Wood's  Hole  (N.)  

7  59 

4.7 

3.1 

Hatteras  Inlet  

7    4 

2.2 

1.8 

Wood's  Hole  (S.)  
Menemsha  Liirht 

8  34 
7  45 

2.0 
3.9 

1.2 

1.8 

Beaufort  (N.  C.)  
Bald  Head. 

7  20 
7  20 

3.3 
5.0 

2.2 
3.4 

Quick's  Hole  (N  ) 

7  31 

4  3 

29 

Smithville 

7  19 

5.5 

3  8 

Quick's  Hole  (8.)  
Cuttyhunk 

7  3(5 
7  40 

3.8 
4.2 

2.3 
2.9 

Wilmington  
Georgetown  Entrance 

9    6 

7  5(5 

3.1 

4.7 

2.2 

2.7 

Kettle  Cove  

7  48 

5.0 

3.7 

Bull's  Island  Bay  

7  16 

5.7 

3.7 

Bird  Island  Light  

New  Bedford 

7  59 
7  57 

5.3 
4.0 

3.5 

28 

Charleston  
St  Helena  Sound 

7  20 

7    8 

(5.0 
7.4 

4.1 

4.4 

Newport  

7  45 

4.6 

3.1 

Fort  Pulaski  

7  20 

8.0 

5.9 

Point  Judith  
Block  Island 

7  32 
7  3(5 

3.7 
3.5 

2.6 
20 

Savannah  
Doboy  Lio-ht 

8  13 
7  33 

7.6 

7.8 

5.5 
5.4 

Montauk  Point  
Sandv  Hook. 

8  20 
7  29 

2.4 
5.0 

1.8 
4.0 

St.  Simon's  
Fort  Clinch 

7  43 
7  53 

8.2 
6.7 

5.4 
5.3 

New  York 

8  13 

5.4 

3.4 

St  John's  River 

7  28 

5.5 

3  7 

HUDSON  RIVER. 

St.  Augustine  
Cape  Florida 

8  21 
8  34 

4.9 

1.8 

3.0 

1.2 

Dobb's  Ferry  

9  19 

4.4 

2.7 

8  23 

2  2 

1  3 

Tarrvtown  

9  57 

4.0 

2.7 

'>  Q 

0  fi 

Verplanck's  Point  

10    8 

3.8 

2.5 

Key  West. 

9  30 

1.5 

0.9 

West  Point  

11    2 

3.2 

2.0 

Tortugas  

9  50 

1.5 

0.6 

Tivoli  

1  24 

4.6 

3.2 

Charlotte  Harbor  
Tampa  Bay 

13    9 
11  21 

1.3 

1.8 

0.8 
1.0 

Stuyvesant. 

3  23 

4.4 

3.0 

Ca^tleton 

4  29 

3.0 

2.3 

Greenbush  
LONG  ISLAND  SOUND. 
Watch  Hill 

5  22 

9n 

2.5 
3  1 

1.9 

o  4 

WESTERN  COAST. 
San  Diego  

9  33 

5.0 

2.3 

Stonington  

9    7 

3.2 

2.2 

San  Pedro  

9  39 

4.7 

2.2 

Little  Gull  Island  

9  38 

2.9 

2.3 

Cuyler's  Harbor  

9  25 

5.1 

2.8 

9  28 

3  1 

2  1 

San  Luis  Obispo  

10    8 

4.8 

2.4 

New  Haven 

11  10 

62 

5  2 

Monterey  

10  22 

4.3 

2.5 

Bridgeport  
Oyster  Bay  
Sand's  Point 

11  11 
11    7 
11  13 

8.0 
9.2 

89 

4.7 
5.4 
64 

South  Farrallone  
San  Francisco  
Mare  Island  

10  37 
12    0 
13  40 

4.4 
4.3 
5.2 

2.8 
2.8 
4.1 

o  a 

Benicia  

14  10 

5.1 

3.7 

Throgg's  Neck  
JERSEY  COAST. 

11  20 

9.2 

0.1 

Ravenswood  
Bodega  
Humboldt  Bay  

12  30 
11  17 
12    2 

7.3 
4.7 
5.5 

4.9 
2.7 
3.5 

Cold  Spring  Inlet  

7  32 

5.4 

3.6 

Port  Orford  

11  20 

1     6.8 

3.7 

Cape  May  Landing  

8  19 

6.0 

4.3 

Astoria 

12  42 

74 

4.6 

Nee-ah  Harbor  

12  33 

7.4 

4.8 

DELAWARE  BAY,  &c. 

Port  Townshend 

3  49 

|     5  5 

4  0 

Delaware  Breakwater  
Higbee's,  Cape  May  

8    0 
8  33 

4.5 
6.2 

3.0 
3.9 

Steilacoom  
Semi-ah-moo  Bay  

4  40 
4  50 

11.1 
6.0 

7.2 

4.8 

To  find  the  time  of  high-water  at  any  of  the  places  named  in  the  preceding  table,  add  time 
indicated  in  the  first  column  of  figures  to  the  time  of  "Moon's  South."  or  "Moon  on  Merid 
ian,1'  found  in  the  calendar  pages.  If  the  result  is  more  than  12  hours  from  noon,  the  time  will 
be  the  next  day  in  the  morning,  and  if  more  than  12  hours  from  midnight,  the  time  will  be  in 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


49 


the  afternoon  of  the  same  day.    The  tide  thus  found  is  the  first  after  the  Moon's  culmination. 
The  second  tide  occurs  12  hours  and  26  minutes  later  than  the  first. 

The  "Establishment  of  the  Port,"  in  the  above  table  is  the  mean  interval  between  the  time 
of  the  Moon's  meridian  passage  and  the  time  of  high-water  succeeding  that  transit.  The  true 
interval  varies  with  the  Moon's  age,  being  least  when  the  moon  culminates  about  4h.  30m.  and 
greatest  when  culminating  about  10  o'clock,  and  at  the  mean,  generally  when  the  moon  is  two 
days  old.  It  sometimes  happens  that  the  tide  comes  in  several  hours  later  or  earlier  than  the 
most  learned  calculation  would  determine,  in  consequence  of  the  strength  and  direction  of  the 
wind,  which  the  calculator  cannot  reekon  upon. 


A  TABLE  OF  SIXTY-ONE  BRIGHT  STARS. 


On                Rises 
NAMK  OF  STAR.                            Meridian.   I   and  Sets. 

On 

Meridian. 

Rises 
and  Sets. 

a  Andromedie  (Alpheratz)  .  .  . 
y  Pegasi  (Algenib)  
a  Cassiopese  (Schedir) 

H.   M. 

0    1 
0    6 
0  33 
0  37 
1     2 
1  11 

IS 

1  55 
1  55 
1  59 
2  55 
3  14 
3  39 
4  28 
5    6 
5    7 
5  17 
5  17 
5  24 
5  29 
5  33 
5  34 
5  47 
6  38 
6  52 
7  25 
7  31 
7  36 
7  58 
9  20 
10    0 

H.  M. 

7  51 
6  50 

4~5i 

8  26  j 

7'  16 
9  18  ! 
6    6  i 

7  23  ! 
6  11 

7  '28 

6  57 
10  11 
5  30 
7  50 
6  20 
5  58 
5  55 
5  52 
3  37 
6  25 
5    0 
4    7 
8  10 
6  18 
7  50 
2  58 
5  31 
6  43 

y  Leonis  (Al  Gieba)  
ft  Ursae  Majoris  \  pm-ntpr(, 
a  Ursffi  Majoris  f  lomters- 
ft  Leonis  (Denebola) 

H.    M. 
10   11 

10  51 
10  54 
11  40 
11  45 
12  25 
12  46 
13  16 
13  40 
14    7 
14  49 
15    7 
15  27 
15  35 
15  55 
16  19 
17    6 
17  26 
17  25 
17  51 
18  29 
18  42 
19  41 
20  34 
21  12 
21  21 
21  55 
22  47 
22  54 
22  54 
23  56 

H.    M. 

7  15 

6"53 
4'35 
5'22 

i'ii 

5  "27 
7  43 
6  23 
4  49 
4  19 
6  50 
5  15 

8'54 
8  16 
6  29 
9  34 

5'37 
5  56 
4    0 
7  44 
6  50 
5  59 

ft  Ceti  
ft  Andromedu1  (Merach)  
a  Ursie  Minoris  (POLARIS)  
ft  Arietis  
y  Andromeda;  (Almaach)  
Piscium 

y  Ursie  Majoris  (Phad)  
ft  Corvi  .... 

e  Ursse  Majoris  (Alioth)  
a  Viroinis  (Spica)  

T]  Ursie  Majoris  
a  Bootis  (Arcturus)  
ft  Ursae  Minoris  
ft  Librae  

Arietis  
Ceti  (Menkar)  
Persei  (Algenib)  

Tauri  (seven  stars)  
Tauri  (Aldebaran) 

a  Coronne  Borealis  
a  Serpentis 

Auriga?  (Capella)  

ft  Scorpii  
a  Scorpii  (Antares)  
a  Herculis  

ft  Orionis  (Rigel)  
ft  Tauri  (el  Nath)  

y  Orionis  (Bellatrix)  
6  Orionis  (Mintaka) 

a  Ophiuchi  

;  ft  Draconis 

e  Orionis  (Anilam  )  

y  Draconis  

£  Orionis  (Alnitak)  
Columbae  (Phaot) 

a.  Lyrte  (Vega)  
ft  Lyrse 

Orionis  (Betelguese)  
Canis  Majoris  ^Sirius)  
Can  is  Majoris  (Adhara)  
Geminor  (Castor)  
Canis  Minoris  (Procyon)  .  .  . 
Geminor  (Pollux)  
Argus  (Naos) 

o  Aquike  (Altair)  
a  Cyfni  (Dcneb) 

a  Cephei  

ft  Aquarii  
a  Aquarii 

a  Pis.  Aus.  (Fomalhaut)  
ft  Peo-asi  (Scheat) 

Hydne  (Alphard)  
Leonis  (Regulus)  

a  Pegasi  (Markab)  

Vernal  Equinox  

To  ascertain  when  any  Star  found  in  the  preceding  Table  will  be  on  the  upper  meridian,  add 
the  numbers  opposite  in  the  left-hand  column  of  figures  to  the  time  of  "Sidereal  Noon"  found 
in  the  calendar  pages.  For  the  RISING  of  a  star,  subtract  the  number  opposite  in  the  right-hand 
column  of  figures  from  its  meridian  passage.  For  the  setting  of  a  star,  add  the  same  number 

to  its  meridian  passage.    Those  marked  ( )  revolve  in  a  circle  of  perpetual  apparition,  and 

do  not  r  se  nor  set  north  of  the  latitude  of  New  York  (40°  42'  40"),  for  which  latitude  the  semi 
diurnal  arcs  are  calculated.  The  civil  day  begins  at  midnight,  and  consequently  24  hours  after 
midnight,  or  12  hours  from  noon,  is  morning  of  the  succeeding  day;  and  more  than  24  hours 
from  noon,  is  evening  of  the  next  day.  From  12h.  to  24h.  from  midnight,  or  from  Oh.  to  12h. 
from  noon,  will  be  in  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day.  This  table  is  arranged  in  the  order  of 
culmination. 

SURVEYORS  AND  CIVIL  ENGINEERS  may  obtain  the  declination  of  the  magnetic  needle  by 
observations  on  the  Pole  Star  when  upon  the  meridian,  or  when  at  its  greatest  elongation 
east  or  west.  POLARIS  and  other  stars  pass  the  lower  meridian  llh.  58m.  after  their  upper 
transit.  To  the  time  of  upper  transit  of  Polaris,  add  5h.  54m.  and  it  gives  the  time  of  greatest 
western  elongation.  If  the  5h.  54m.  be  subtracted  from  the  time  of  upper  transit,  it  will  give 
the  time  of  greatest  eastern  elongation.  Observations  made  at  the  time  of  greatest  elongation 
are  less  liable  to  error  than  those  made  at  the  time  of  transit.  The  mean  distance  of  Polaris 
from  the  pole  this  year  is  1°  23'  20".  To  find  its  azimuth  for  any  latitude,  take  from  18.384502  tho 
logarithmic  cosine  of  the  latitude,  and  the  remainder  is  the  logarithmic  sine  of  the  azimuth. 
4 


50 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


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ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


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THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


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ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


55 


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56 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


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1869.] 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT. 


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58 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


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PAET  II. 
THE  UNITED  STATES. 


The  United  States  of  America,  exclusive  of  Alaska,  or  the  territory  ac 
quired  from  Russia  in  1867,  extends  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the 
Pacific,  and  from  British  America  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  lies  between 
Lat.  24°  20'  and  49°  North,  and  Long.  10°  14'  East,  and  47°  30'  West  from 
Washington.  It  has  a  coast  line  of  2,163  miles  on  the  Atlantic,  1,764  miles 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  1,343  miles  on  the  Pacific.  Alaska,  sometimes 
known  as  North-western  America,  with  its  islands,  extends  from  the  South 
end  of  Prince  of  Wales  Island,  Lat.  54°  40',  to  Point  Barrow,  71°  30"  North, 
and  from  Lon.  53°  to  116°  West  from  Washington.  The  entire  area  of  the 
United  States  and  Territories  is  3,578,392  square  miles,  or  about  four-ninths 
of  North  America,  and  more  than  one-fifteenth  of  the  land  surface  of  the 
globe.  This  area  has  been  acquired  as  follows  : 

Territory  as  ceded  by  England,  1783 815,615  square  miles. 

Louisiana  as  acquired  from  France,  1803 930.928 

Florida  as  acquired  from  Spain,  1821 59,268 

Texas  as  admitted  to  the  Union,  1845. 237,504 

Oregon  as  settled  by  treaty,  1846 280,425 

California,  etc.,  as  conquered  from  Mexico,  1847 649,762 

Arizona  (New  Mexico)  as  acquired  from  Mexico  by  treaty,  1854 27,500 

Alaska  as  acquired  from  Russia  by  treaty,  1867 577,390 

Total  in  1868 3,578,392        "         " 

The  first  European  settlement  was  made  by  Spaniards  at  St.  Augustine  in 
Florida,  in  1565,  but  this  place  was  not  included  within  the  limits  of  the 
United  States  until  1821.  The  first  permanent  English  settlement  was  made  at 
Jamestown  in  Virginia,  in  1607.  Other  settlements  were  made  and  colonies 
organized  which  were  subject  to  the  English  government  until  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence,  July  4th,  1776.  Delegates  from  the  following  States : 
New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina,  and  Georgia,  in  congress  assembled,  adopted  articles  of  confed 
eration  in  1777.  The  Constitution  which  was  framed  in  1787,  and  ratified 
by  the  thirteen  original  States,  went  into  operation  March  1st,  1789.  It  re 
ceived  ten  amendments  in  1791,  an  eleventh  amendment  in  1798,  a  twelfth 
in  1804,  a  thirteenth  in  1865,  and  a  fourteenth  in  1868. 

The  government  of  the  United  States  is  based  on  this  constitution  which, 
with  the  laws  made  in  accordance  with  its  provisions,  and  treaties  made 
under  its  authority,  is  the  supreme  law  of  the  land. 

By  the  constitution,  the  government  is  entrusted  to  three  separate  authori 
ties,  the  Legislative  vested  in  congress,  the  Executive  vested  in  the  President, 
and  the  Judicial  vested  in  one  Supreme  court  and  such  inferior  courts  as 
congress  may  from  time  to  time  establish. 

(59) 


60 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


PRINCIPAL  OFFICERS  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  FROM  THE  FIRST  CONTI 
NENTAL  CONGRESS  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME. 

PRESIDENTS. 
I.— Prior  to  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution, 


NAME.                     State. 

Date  of  Appoint- 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

ate  »fe^P°iQt-  !  Born.  Died. 

Peyton  Randolph. 
Henry  Middle  ton. 
John  Hancock..  . 
Henry  Laurens.  .  . 
John  Jay  
Sam'l  Iliintington 
Thomas  McKean. 

Va. 

S.  C. 
Mass. 
S.  C. 
N.  Y. 
Conn. 
Del. 

Sept.    5,  1774 
Oct.    22,  1774 
May    24,  1775 
Nov.     1,  1777 
Dec.    10,  1778 
Sept.  28,  1779 
July    10,  1781 

1723 

1737 

1723 
1745 
1732 
17:34 

1775 

171)3 
1792 

1S29 
17% 
1817 

John  Hanson  
Elias  Boudinot.  .. 
Thomas  Mifflin.. 
Rich'd  Hem-y  Lee 
Nathan'l  Gorham. 
Arthur  St.  Clair.. 
Cyrus  Griffin  

Md. 
N.  J. 
Penn. 
Va. 
Mass. 
Penn. 
Va. 

Nov.    5,  178ll....!l783 
Nov.    4,  1782117401824 
Nov.    3,  1783il744;1800 
Nov.  30,  1784  17321794 
June   6,  1786|1738il796 
Feb.    2,  1787  ....  11818 
Jan.  22,  1788174811810 

II.— Under  the  Constitution. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Bom. 

Died. 

NAME.                        State. 

Terra  of  Ser- 

Born. 

Died. 

George  Washington 
John  Adams  
Thomas  Jefferson  .  . 
James  Madison  
James  Monroe  
John  Quincy  Adams 
Andrew  Jackson  — 
Martin  Van  Bnren.  . 
William  II.  Harrison 

Va. 

Mass. 
Va. 
Va. 
Va. 
Mass. 
Tenn. 
N.  Y. 
Ohio. 

17S9—  1797 
1797—1801 
1801—1809 
1809—1817 
1817—1825 
1825—1829 
1829—1837 
1837—1841 
1841—1841 

1732 
17:^5 
1743 
1751 
1759 
17(17 
1707 
1782 
1773 

1799 

1826 
1826 
1837 
1831 
1848 
1845 
18(52 
1841  : 

John  Tyler 

Va. 
Tenn. 
La. 
N.  Y. 
N.  H. 
Penn. 
111. 
Tenn. 

1841—1845 
1845—1849 
1849—  1&50 
1830—1853 
1R53—  1857 
1857—1861 
1861—1865 
1865—.... 

1790 

1795 
1784 
1800 
1804 
1791 
1MI9 
1808 

1862 

1849 
1850 

1868 
1865 

James  K.  Polk  
Zachary  Taylor  
Millard  Fillmore  
Franklin  Pierce  
James  Buchanan  — 
Abraham  Lincoln.  .  . 
Andrew  Johnson.  .  . 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser- 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  8er- 
vice.           "or. 

Died. 

John  Adams  
Thomas  Jefferson.. 
Aaron  Burr 

Mass. 
Va. 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 
Mass. 
N.  Y. 
S.  C. 
N.  Y. 
Ky. 

1789—1797 
1797—1801 
1801—1805 
1805—1812 
1813—1814 
1817—1825 
1825-ia32 
1833—  1887 
1837—1841 

1735  1826 
1743  1826 
1756  1836 
1739  1812 
17441814 
17741825 
1782  '1850 
1782  1862 
1780  1850 

John  Tyler  Va. 
George  M.  Dallas.  .  .  IPenn. 
Millard  Fillmore.  ..  IN.  Y. 
William  R.  King....!  Ala. 
J.  C.  Breckinridge..!Ky. 
Hannibal  Hamlin...  Me. 
Andrew  Johnson...  Tenn. 

1841—1841 
1845—1849 
1849—1850 
1853—1853 
1857—1861 
1861—1865 
1865—1865 

1790 

1792 
1800 
17^1 
1821 

IN  lit 
1808 

1862 
1864 

1853 

George  Clinton  
Elbridge  Gerry  
Daniel'D.  Tompkins 
John  C.  Calhoun  .  .  . 
Martin  Van  Buren.  . 
Richard  M.  Johnson 



SECRETARIES  OP  STATE. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser- 

Born. 

Died. 

Thomas  Jefferson  .  . 

Va. 

1789—1794 

1743 

18'2(i 

Daniel  Webster  

Mass. 

1841—1843 

17821  1852 

Edmund  Randolph. 

Va. 

1794—1795 

1813 

Hugh  S.  Legare  

S.  C. 

1843—1843 

1797 

1843 

Timothy  Pickering. 

Mass. 

1795—1800 

1745 

1.^29 

Abel  P.  Upshur..... 

Va. 

1843—1844 

1790 

1844 

John  Marshall  

Va. 

1800—1801 

1755  1836 

John  C.  Calhoun.  .  . 

S.  C. 

1844—1845 

1782 

1MO 

James  Madison.   .  .  . 

Va. 

1801—1809 

175111837! 

James  Buchanan... 

Penn. 

1845—1849 

179111868 

Robert  Smith  

Mass. 

1809—1811 

1757  i  1842 

John  M.  Clayton... 

Del. 

1849—1850 

1796 

1N56 

James  Monroe  

Va. 

1811—1817 

1759 

1831  Daniel  Webster.... 

Mass. 

1850—1852 

1782(1852 

John  Quincy  Adams 
Henry  Clay  

Mass. 
Ky. 

1817—1825 
1825—1829 

1767 
1777 

1848  Edward  Everett  
1852  ;  William  L.  Marcy.. 

Mass. 
N.  Y. 

1852—1853 
1853—1857 

1  794  |  1865 
178611860 

Martin  Van  Buren.. 

NY, 

1829—1881 

1782 

1862  Lewis  Cass  

Mich. 

1857—1861 

1782 

1866 

Edward  Livingston 

La. 

1831—  1&33 

1764 

1836 

Jeremiah  S.  Black.. 

Penn. 

1861—  1861 

1JS10 

Louis  McLane  

Del. 

1833-1835 

1786 

1857 

William  II.  Seward. 

N.  Y. 

1861—  J1801 

John  Forsyth  

Ga. 

1855—1841 

1780 

1841 

GOVERNMENT  OFFICERS. 
SECRETARIES  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


tfl 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died.                        NAM.. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser- 

Bom. 

Died. 

Alexander  Hamilton 

N.  Y. 

1789—1795 

1757 

1804  Walter  Forward.  .  . 

Penn. 

1841—1843 

IT.sd 

1852 

Oliver  Wolcott  

Conn. 

1795—1801 

1759 

1833  John  C.  Spencer.... 

N.  Y. 

1843—1844 

17S7 

1855 

Samuel  Dexter  

Mass. 

1801—180-2 

1761 

1816  George  M.  Bibb  

Ky. 

1844—1845 

1772 

1859 

Albert  Gallatin  

Penn. 

180-2—1814 

1761 

1849j  Robert  J.  Walker.  .  . 

Miss. 

1845—1849 

1801 

George  W.  Campbell 

Tenn. 

1814—1814 

1768 

1848  Wm.  M.  Meredith.. 

Penn. 

1849—1850 

Alexander  J.  Dallas 

Penu. 

1814—1817 

17(iO 

1817  Thomas  Corwin..  . 

Ohio. 

1850—1853 

i794 

i860 

Wm.  H.  Crawford.. 

Ga. 

1817—1825 

177-211834 

James  Guthrie  

Ky. 

1853—1857 

1793 

Richard  Rush  

Penn. 

1825—1829 

1  780  i  1860  Howell  Cobb  

Ga. 

1857—1860 

1815 

1868 

Samuel  D.  Ingham.. 

Penn. 

1829—  1831 

177!) 

I860'  Philip  Thomas  

Md. 

1860—1861 

1810 

Louis  McLane  

Del. 

1831—1833 

1786 

1857 

•  John  A.  Dix  

N.  Y. 

1861—1861 

1798 

William  J.  Duane.. 

Penn. 

1833—  1833 

1780 

LS65 

Salmon  P.  Chase  

Ohio. 

1861—  18(54 

ISIjs 

Roger  B.  Taney  

Md. 

1833—  1834 

1777 

1864 

Wm.  P.  Fessenden. 

Me. 

1864—1865 

1806 

'.'.  .'.'. 

Levi  Woodbury  

N.  H. 

1834—1841 

17SH 

1857 

Hugh  McCulloch... 

Ind. 

1865—.... 

Thomas  Ewing  

Ohio. 

1841—1841 

1789 

SECRETARIES  OF  WAR. 


*.„. 

s,.,,. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

Henry  Knox  •. 
Timothy  Pickering. 
James  McHenry  
Samuel  Dexter.  .... 
Roger  Griswold  
Henrv  Dearborn  
William  Eustis  
John  Armstrong  
James  Monroe  
Wm.  H.  Crawford.. 
George  Graham  
John  C.  Calhoun  
James  Barbour  
Peter  B.  Porter  
John  H.  Eaton  
Lewis  Cass  

Mass. 
Penn. 
Md. 
Mass. 
Conn. 
Mass. 
Mass. 
N.  Y. 
Va. 
Ga. 
Va. 
S.  C. 
Va. 
N.  Y. 
Tenn. 
Mich. 

1789—1795 
1795—1795 
1796—1800 
1800—1800 
1801—1801 
1801—1809 
1809-1813 
1813—1814 
1814—1815 
1815—1816 
1817—1817 
1817—18-25 
1825—1828 
1828—1829 
1809—1831 
1831—1837 

1750 

1745 
1755 
1761 
1762 
1751 
1754 
1759 
1759 
1TT2 
1T58 
1782 
1776 
1773 
1790 
1782 

1806 
1829 

18i6 

1812| 
1K-29 
1S25 
1843 

iasi 

1834 
1826 

isr,o 

1842 
1844 
18T>6 
1866) 

Benjamin  F.  Butler. 
Joel  R.  Poinsett  
John  Bell  

N.  Y. 

S.  C. 
Tenn. 
N.  Y. 
Penn. 
Penn. 
N.  Y. 
Ga. 
La. 
Miss. 
Va. 
Ky. 
Penn. 
Penn. 

1837—  1837 
1837—1841 
1841—  1841 
1841—1843 
1S43—  1844 
1844-1845 
1845—1849 
1849—1850 
1,850-1853 
1853—1857 
m57—  1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1862 
1862—1868 
1868—.... 

1795 

1779 

1797 

1787 

1799 

1786 
1798 
1807 
1808 
1805 
1807 
1799 
1814 
1&31 

1858 
1851 

1855 

1865 
1860 

1863 

John  C.  Spencer  
James  M.  Porter  
William  Wilkins... 
William  L.  Marcy.. 
George  W.  Crawford 
Charles  M.  Conrad.. 
Jefferson  Davis  : 
John  B.  Floyd  
Joseph  Holt  

Simon  Cameron  
Edwin  M.  Stanton.  . 
John  M.  Schofield.. 

|  

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  NAVY. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

„„. 

- 

1823 

- 

State. 

Term  of  Ser- 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

George  Cabot  
Benjamin  Stoddert. 
Robert  Smith  
Jac'b  Crowninshield 
Paul  Hamilton  
William  Jones  
B.W.  Crowninshield 
Smith  Thompson.  .  . 
John  Rodgers  
Samuel  L.  Southard 
John  Branch  
Levi  Woodbury  
Mahlon  Dickerson.  . 
James  K.  Paulding. 

Mass  . 
Md. 
Md. 
Mass. 
S.  C. 
Penn. 
Mass  . 
N.  Y. 
Mass. 
N.  J. 
N.  C. 
N.  H. 
N.  J. 
N.  Y. 

1798—1798 
1798-1801 
1801—1805 
1805—1809 
1809—1813 
1813—1814 
1814—1818 
1818—1823 
1823—1823 
1823-1829 
1829—1831 
1831—1834 
18:34-1838 
1838—  1841 

,75! 

George  E.  Badger.. 
Abel  P.  Upshur  
David  Henshaw  
Thomas  W.  Gilmer. 
John  Y.  Mason  
George  Bancroft  
John  Y.  Mason  
William  B.  Preston. 
William  A.  Graham 
John  P.  Kennedy... 
James  C..  Dobbin... 
Isaac  Toucey  
Gideon  Welles  

N.  C. 
Va. 
Mass  . 
Va. 
Va. 
Mass. 
Va. 
Va. 
N.  C. 
Md. 
N.  C. 
Conn. 
Conn. 

1841—1841 
1841—1843 
1843—1844 
1844—1844 
1844—1845 
1845—1846 
184(5—  1849 
184!)—  1850 
1850—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1857 
1857—1861 
1861—  

1795 
1790 
1791 

1795 

1800 
1795 

i804 
1795 
1814 
1798 
1802 

1866 
1844 
1852 
1844 
1859 

1859 

1862 

1857 

1757 

1842 

1774 
1767 
1765 

1787 
1782 
1789 
1769 
1779 

1816- 
1831 
1851' 
1843 

1838 
1842 
18(13 
1N51 

isr>3 
I860 

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

Tera  of  Ser- 

Bom. 

Died. 

Thomas  Ewing  
T.  M.T.McKennan. 
Alex.H.H.  Stewart. 
Robert  McClelland  . 
Jacob  Thompson.  .  . 

Ohio. 
Penn. 
Va. 
Mich. 
Miss. 

1849—  1850 
1850-1850 
1850—1853 
1853—1857 
1857—1861 

1789 

1852 

Caleb  B.  Smith  
!  John  P.  Usher  
James  Harlan  
Orville  H.  Browning 

Ind. 
Ind. 
Iowa. 
111. 

1861—1862 
1862—1865 
1865—1866 
1866  — 

1808 
1820 

1864 

1807 
1810 

02 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. 


NAHK. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

NAMH. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

Bamuel  Osgood  
Timothy  Pickering. 
Joseph  Habersham. 
Gideon  Granger  
Return  J.  Meigs,  Jr. 
John  McLean  

Mass.. 
Penn. 
Ga. 
Conn. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ky. 
Ky. 

Conn. 
N.  Y. 
Ky. 

1781)—  1791 
1701—1795 
1795—1801 
1801—1814 
181  i—  1823 
1823—1829 
1829—1835 
18135—1840 
1840—1841 
1841—1841 
1841—1845 

1748 
1745 
1750 
17G7 
17(50 

ITS:, 

1785 
1789 

1787 
1787 
1788 

1813 

IS'".) 
1815 
1S£> 

is-r» 
1861 
1835 

1850 
1868 

Cave  Johnson  
Jacob  Collamer  
Nathan  K.  Hall  
Samuel  D.  Hubbard 
James  Campbell  
Aaron  V.  Brown  — 
Joseph  Holt 

Tenn. 
Vt. 
N.  Y. 
Conn. 
Penn. 
Tenn. 

Ky. 

Me. 
Md. 
Ohio. 
Wis. 

1845—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1852 
1852—1853 
1853—1857 
1857—1859 
1859—1801 
1861—  18G1 
1861—1864 
1864—1866 
1866—.  .  .  . 

1793 

170:2 
181  0 
1799 

1795 
1807 
1811 
1813 
1815 
1819 

1866 
1865 

1855 
1859 

William  T.Barry... 
Amos  Kendall 

Horatio  King  
Montgomery  Blair.  . 
1  William  Dennison  .  . 
lAlex.  W.  Randall.  .  . 

JohnM.  Niles  
Francis  Granger  
Chas.  A.  Wickliffe.. 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser- 
vice. 

Born. 

i756 
1757 
1749 
1757 

i765 
1780 
1772 
1781 
1777 
1795 
1770 
1801 

Die, 

NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

Edmund  Randolph  . 
William  Bradford.. 
Charles  Lee  

Va. 
Penn. 
Va. 
Mass. 
Md. 
Ky. 
Del. 
Md. 
Penn. 
Va. 
Ga. 
Md. 
N.  Y. 
Tenn. 
Penn. 

1789—1794 

1794_17!»3 
1795—1801 
1801—1805 
1805—1805 
1805—1806 
1807—1811 
1811—1814 
1814—1817 
1817—1829 
1829—  1831 
1831—1833 
1833—1838 
1838—1840 
1840—1841 

1813, 
1795 
1815 
1820 
1S42 
180(5 
182-1 
18^ 
1860 
ia34 
185(i 
1864 
185S 
1840 
I860 

John  J.  Crittenden. 
Hugh  S.  Legare  
John  Nelson  
John  Y.  Mason  
Nathan  Clifford  
Isaac  Toucey  
Reverdy  Johnson.  .  . 
John  J.  Crittenden. 
Caleb  Cushing  
JeremiahS.  Black.. 
Edwin  M.  Stanton.. 
Edward  Bales  
James  S.  Speed  
Henry  Stanberry... 
William  M.  Evarts.  . 

Ky. 

s.c. 

Md. 
Va. 
Me. 
Conn. 
Md. 
Ky. 
Mass. 
Penn. 
Penn. 
Mo. 
Ky. 
Ohio. 
N.  Y. 

1841—18-11 

1841—1843 
1843—1845 
1845—1846 
1846—1848 
1848—1849 
1849—1850 
1850—1853 
1853—1857 
1857-1860 
1860—1861 
1861—1864 
1864—1866 
1866—1868 
1868—.... 

1786 
1797 
1791 
1795 
iso:} 
1798 
1796 
178(5 
1MH) 
1810 
1814 
1791 
1812 
1803 

1863 

1843 
1860 
1859 

i863 

Levi  Lincoln  
Robert  Smith  . 

John  Brecken  ridge. 
Caisar  A.  Rodney... 
William  Pinkney... 
Richard  Rush  
William  Wirt  
John  M.  Berrien  .... 
Roger  B.  Taney  
Benjamin  F.  Butler. 
Felix  Gruncly  
Henry  D.Gilpin.... 

CHIEF  JUSTICES  OP  THE  SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


NAHK. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died.1 

NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

John  Jay  

N.  Y. 
S.C. 
Conn. 

1789—1795 
1795—1795 
1796—1801 

1745 

1739 
1752 

1829 
1800 
1807 

John  Marshall  
Roger  B.  Taney  
Salmon  P.  Chase... 

Va, 
Md. 

Ohio. 

1801—1836 
183(5—  1864 
18(54—.... 

1  755 

1777 
1808 

1836 
18(54 

John  Rutledge  
Oliver  Ellsworth.... 

ASSOCIATE  JUSTICES  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Bom. 

Died. 

John  Rutledge  

S.C. 

1789—1791 

1739 

1800 

John  McLean  

Ohio. 

1829—1861 

1785 

1861 

William  Cushing... 

Mass. 

1789—1810 

1733 

1810 

Henry  Baldwin  .  

Penn. 

1830—184(5 

1779 

184(5 

James  Wilson...... 

Penn. 

1789—1798 

1742 

1798 

James  M.  Wayne... 

Ga. 

1835—1867 

178(5 

1867 

John  Blair  

Va. 

1789—1796 

1732 

1800 

Philip  P.  Barbonr.. 

Va. 

1836—1841 

1779 

1841 

R.  H.  Harrison  

Md.      1789—1789 

1745 

1790 

John  Catron  

Tenn. 

1837—1865 

1786 

1S<55 

James  Iredell  

N.  C.    1790—1799 

1750 

1799 

John  McKinlev  

Ala. 

1837—1852 

1S52 

Thomas  Johnson  .  .  . 

Md.     !  1791—  1793 

1732 

1819 

Peter  V.  Daniel  

Va. 

1841—1860 

178511860 

William  Patterson.. 

N.  J. 

1793—1806 

1743 

180(5 

Samuel  Nelson  . 

N.  Y. 

1845—.... 

1792  .... 

Samuel  Chase  

Md. 

1796—1811 

1741 

1811 

Levi  Woodbury  

N.  H. 

1845—1851 

178911851 

Bush  rod  Wash'gton 

Va. 

1798—1829 

1759 

1829 

Robert  C.  Grier.  .  .  . 

Penn. 

1846—.  .  .  . 

1794 

Alfred  Moore  

N.  C. 

1799—1804 

1755 

1810 

Benj.  R.  Curtis  

Mass. 

1851—1857 

1809 

William  Johnson  .  .  . 

S.C. 

1804—  ia34 

1771 

is:il 

James  A.  Campbell. 

Ala. 

1853—1856 

1802 

.... 

Brock.  Livingston.  .  . 

N.  Y. 

1806—1823 

1757 

18-23 

Nathan  Clifford  

Me. 

1858—.... 

iso:i 

Thomas  Todd.  .  

Ky. 

1807—1826 

1765 

1826 

Noah  H.  Swavne  

Ohio. 

1862—.... 

1805 

Joseph  Story  

Mass.  11811—1845 

1779  1845 

Samuel  F.  Miller...  . 

Iowa. 

1862—.  .  .  . 

1816 

.... 

Gabriel  Duval  

Md.      1811—18351751 

1844 

David  Davis  .  .  . 

111. 

1862—.  .  .  . 

1815 

Smith  Thompson  .  .  . 
Robert  Trimble  

N.Y. 
Kv. 

1823—1845  1767  1843  Stephen  J.  Field.... 
1826—  1829!  1776  1829  1  

Cal. 

1863—.... 

1817 

1869.] 


LIST  OF  CONGRESSES. 

PRESIDENTS  PRO-TEMPORE  OF  THE  SENATE. 


63 


NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died.  ||                    NAME. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser- 

Bom. 

Died. 

John  Langdon  

N.  H. 
Va. 
N.  H. 

S.  C. 
Va. 
N.  H. 
Penn. 
R.I. 
S.  C. 
Mass. 
N.  Y. 
Penn. 
N.  H. 
Conn. 
Md. 
Conn. 
Ga. 
Vt. 
Kv. 

N:C. 

Tenn. 
Md. 
Vt. 
Ga. 
Penn. 
S.  C. 

1789—1789 
1792-1792 
1789—1789 
1794—1794 
1795—1795 
1799—1799 
1797—1797 
1797—1797 
1797—1797 
1798—1798 
1798—1798 
1799—1799 
1799—1799 
1800-1800 
1800—1800 
1801—1801 
1801—1802 
1802—1803 
1803-1804 
1804—1804 
1805—1805 
1805—1808 
1808—1809 
1809—1809 
1809—1809 
1810-1810 

1741 
1732 

1741 

1738 

i732 
1752 
1729 

1819  John  Pope... 
t794!;Wm.  H.  Crawford.. 
1819  Joseph  B.  Varnum.. 
1804  John  Gaillard  
1799,  James  Barbour  
1803  John  Gaillard 

Ky. 
Ga. 
Mass. 
S.  C. 
Va. 
S.  C. 
N.  C. 
Md. 
Va. 
Tenn. 
Miss. 
Va. 
Ala. 
N.  J. 
N.  C. 
Mo. 
Ala. 
Mo. 
Ind. 
Va. 
Ala. 
Va. 
N.  H. 
Conn. 
Ohio. 

1811—1811 

1812—1813 
1813—1814 
1814—1819 
1819—1819 
1820—1825 
1826—1827 
1828—1881 
1832—1832 
1832—1833 
1834-1834 
1835—  1835 
1836—1841 
1841-1842 
1842—1845 
1846—1849 
1850—1852 
1852—1854 
1854—1857 
1857—1857 
1858—1859 
1861—1863 
1864—1865 
1866—1867 
1867—.... 

1770 
1772 
1759 

1776 

1757 
1752 
1774 
1773 

1790 
1780 
1787 
1792 
1807 
1786 
1807 
1812 
1798 
1802 
1802 
180!) 
ISOfi 
1800 

1842 
1S34 
1821 
1826 
18-12 
1826 
1837 
1839 
1860 
1840 
1853 
1862 
1852 
1842 
1861 

1852 
1866 

Richard  Henry  Lee. 
John  Lan<>'don. 

Ralph  Izard  
Henry  Tazewell  
Samuel  Livermore.  . 
William  Bingham.. 
William  Bradford.  .  . 

1804  Nathaniel  Macon.  .  . 
1808  Samuel  Smith     

JL.  W.  Tazewell 

Theodore  Scdgwick 
John  Lawrence  

1746 
1750 
1761 
1732 
1755 
1752 
1754 
1744 
1754 
1757 
1758 
1757 
1752 
1754 

1755 

1813  Hugh  Lawson  White 
1810  George  Poindexter. 
1847  John  Tyler 

Samuel  Livermore.  . 
Uriah  Tracy  
John  E.  Howard.... 
James  Hillhouse... 
Abram  Baldwin  
Stephen  R.  Bradley. 
John  Brown  
Jesse  Franklin  
Joseph  Anderson.  .  . 
Samuel  Smith  
Stephen  R.  Bradlev. 
John  Milledge  
Andrew  Gregg  
John  Gaillara.  

1803  William  R.  King... 
1807  Samuel  L.  Southard 
1827  M  Willie  P.  Mangum.. 
1832  David  R.  Atchison.. 
1807  .William  R.  King.... 
1830  David  R.  Atchison.. 
1837J  [Jesse  D.  Bright  
1823  :  James  M.  Mason.... 
1837  1  Benj.  Fitzpatrick... 
1839  Solomon  Foote.   ... 
1830  Daniel  Clark  
1818:  Lafayette  S.  Foster. 
183.rv  [Benjamin  F.  Wade. 
1826|i  

SPEAKERS  OP  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


NAMS. 

State. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 

Died. 

NAME. 

State. 

Tenn. 
Tenn. 
Va, 
Ky. 

Va. 

Ind. 
Mass. 
Ga. 
Ky. 
Mass. 
S.  C. 
N.  J. 
Penn. 
Ind. 

Term  of  Ser 
vice. 

Born. 
1797 

1795 
180!) 
1805 
LSI  Mi 
1799 
1809 
1815 
1800 
1816 
1822 
1790 
1828 
1823 

Died. 

1849 

i845 
1848 
1859 

1868 
1859 

1862 

F.  A.  Muhlenburgh. 
Jonathan  Trumbull. 
F.  A.  Muhlenburgh. 
Jonathan  Davton  .  .  . 
Theodore  Sedgwick 
Nathaniel  Macon... 
Joseph  B.  Varnum.. 
Henrv  Clay 

Penn. 
Conn. 
Penn. 
N.  J. 

Mass. 
N.  C. 
Mass. 
Ky. 
S.  C. 
Kv. 

N:  Y. 

Va. 
Ky. 
N.  Y. 
Va. 

1789—1791 
1791—1793 
1793—1795 
1795—1799 
179!)—  1801 
1801—1807 
1807—1811 
1811—1814 
1814—1815 
1815—1820 
1820—1821 
1821—1823 
1823-1825 
1825—1827 
1827—1834 

1750 
1740 

1750 
1756 
1746 
1757 
1750 
1777 
17715 
1777 
1784 
1779 
1777 
1784 
1784 

1801 

180!) 
1801 
1824 
1813' 
1837 
1821 
1852 
1857i 
1852 
1854 
183!) 
18.->2 
1854 
1857 

John  Bell  
James  K.  Polk  
Robert  M.  T.  Hunter 
John  White  
John  W.  Jones  
John  W.  Davis  
Robert  C.  Winthrop 
Howell  Cobb  
Linn  Bovd  
N.  P.  Banks  

1834—  1835 
1835—1830 
1839—1841 
1841—1843 
1843—1845 
1845—1847 
1847—1849 
1849—1851 
1851—1855 
1855—1857 
1857—1859 
1859—1861 
1861—1863 
1863—.... 

Langdon  Cheeves.  .  . 
Henry  Clay 

John  W.  favlor.... 
Philip  P.  Barbour.. 
Henrv  Clav 

James  L.  Orr  
William  Pennington 
Galusha  A.  Grow.  .  . 
Schuyler  Colfax  

John  W.  Taylor.... 
Andrew  Stevenson. 

LIST  OF  CONGRESSES. 


No.  of 
Congress. 

No.  of 
Session. 

Time  of  Session. 

No.  of         No.  of 
Congress.     Session. 

Time  of  Session. 

-I 

1st.. 

..March  4, 

1789—  Sept. 

29,  1789. 

j  1st. 

...Oct. 

17. 

1803—  Mar.  27,  1804. 

1st.  - 

2d  .. 

..Jan. 

4, 

1790—  Aug. 

12, 

1790. 

1  3d.. 

...Nov. 

5, 

1804—  Mar.     3,  1805. 

1 

3d.. 

..Dec. 

6, 

1790—  Mar. 

3, 

1791. 

Oth 

j  1st. 

...Dec. 

8, 

1805-April  21,  1806. 

0(1         j 

1st. 

...Oct. 

24, 

1791—  May 

8, 

1792. 

yin. 

1  2d.. 

..Dec. 

I, 

1806—  Mar.     3.  1807. 

M.    -j 

2d., 

..Nov. 

5, 

1792—  Mar. 

8, 

1793. 

j  1st. 

...Oct. 

86, 

1807—  April  25,  1808. 

j 

1st. 

...Dec. 

2, 

1793_june 

9, 

1794. 

10th. 

1  2d.. 

...Nov. 

7. 

1808—  Mar.     3.  1809. 

'    1 

2d  .. 

...Nov. 

•'5, 

1794—  Mar. 

3, 

1795. 

j  1st. 

...May 

5-2. 

1809—  .Tune  28,  1809. 

4th   J 

1st. 

...Dec. 

7, 

1795—  June 

1. 

1796. 

llth. 

•1  2d  . 

...Nov. 

27, 

1809—  May     1,  1810. 

4th.  -< 

2d. 

...Dec. 

5. 

1796—  Mar. 

3, 

1797. 

1  3d. 

...Dec. 

3,  1810—  Mar.     3,  1811. 

5th.  -i 

1st. 
2d  . 

...May 
...Nov. 

15. 
18, 

1797—  July 
1797—  July 

10,1797. 
16,  1798. 

12th. 

(  1st. 
1  2d  . 

...Nov. 
.  .  .Nov. 

4, 

1R11—  July     6.  1812. 
1812—  Mai-.     3,  1813. 

1 

3d. 

...Dec. 

8, 

1798—  Mar. 

3, 

1799. 

(  1st. 

...May 

84, 

1813—  A  tie:.    2,  1813. 

6th.  -j 

1st. 
2d  . 

...Dec. 
...Nov. 

2, 

17, 

1799—  May 
1800—  Mar. 

11. 
3, 

1800. 
1801. 

13th. 

4  2d  . 
\  3d  . 

...Dec. 
...Sept. 

(i. 
19, 

1813—  April  18,  1814. 
1814—  Mar.     3.  1815. 

7th.  | 

1st. 
2d  . 

...Dec. 
...Dec. 

7, 

G. 

1801—  May 
1802—  Mar. 

3.  1802. 
8,  1803. 

14th. 

j  1st., 
1  2d.. 

...Dec. 
...Dec. 

4, 
8, 

1815—  April  30,  1816. 
1816-Mar.     3,  1817. 

64 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

LIST  OF  CONGRESSES. — (Continued.) 


[1869. 


No.  of         No.  of 
Congress.      Session. 

Time  of  Session.                                  ColgrcL.      Se^ion. 

Time  of  Session. 

lrth  -f  *s^  Dec. 

1,  1817—  April  30,  1818.                ^    (  1st.  .  . 

.Dec.     1,  1845—  Aug.  10,  1846. 

'  (  2d  —  Nov. 

16,  1818—  Mar.     3,  1819.           <dtfUL  |  2d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     7,  1846—  Mar.     3,  1847. 

Ifth  -1  ^9'  Dec. 

6,  1819—  May    15,1820.           oA*h    j  1st... 

.Dec.     6,  1847—  Aug.  14,  1848. 

1  2d  Nov. 

13,  1820—  Mar.     3,  1821.                n'  1  2d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     4,  1848—  Mar.     3,  1849. 

*-,    j  1st....  Dec. 
an>  |  2d  ....Dec. 

3,  1821—  May      8,1822.           o1cf    (1st... 
2,  1822—  Mar.     3,  1823.            "*•  J  3d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     3,  1849—  Sept.  30,  1850. 
.Dec.     2,  1850—  Mar.     3,  1851. 

18fh    (  1st....  Dec. 
L8tlM  2d....Dec. 

1,  1823—  May    27,1824.           o0fi     jlst... 
6,  1824—  Mar.     3,  1825.            ****'    j   2d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     1,  1851—  Aug.  31,  1852. 
.Dec.     6,  1852—  Mar.     3,  1853. 

1qth   j  1st....  Dec. 
•9th<  1  2d....Dec. 

5,  1825—  May    22,1826.           oof1     j  1st... 
4,  1826—  Mar.     3,  1827.                u    |   2d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     5,  1853—  Aug.    7,  1854. 
.Dec.     4,  1854—  Mar.     3,  1855. 

9nfh   j  1st....  Dec. 
20tlM  2d....Dec. 

3,  1827—  May    26,1828.                        1st... 
1,  1828—  Mar.     3,  1829.           34th.  -j  2d  .  . 

.Dec.     3,  1855—  Aug.  18,  1856. 
.Aug.   21,  1856—  Aug.  30,1856. 

01  af   j  1st....  Dec. 

7,  1829—  May    31,  1830.                      (  3d  •  •  • 

.Dec.     1,  1856—  Mar.     3,  1857. 

lsl<  j  2d....Dec. 

6,  1830—  Mar.     3,1831.          35^    (  1st... 

.Dec.     7,  1857—  June    1,  1858. 

oo/i     j  1st....  Dec. 

5,  1831—  July   16,  1832.                   '  1   3d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     6,  1858—  Mar.     3,  1859. 

"••    1  2d....Dec. 

3,  1832—  Mar.     3,1833.           ofith    1  1st... 

.Dec.     5,  1859—  June  18,  I860. 

oofl    j  1st....  Dec. 

2,  1833-June  30,  1834.                  '1  2d... 

.Dec.     3,  1860—  Mar.     4,  1861. 

•    |  2d  Dec. 

1,  1834—  Mar.     3,18:35.                     (1st... 

.July     3,  1861—  Aug.    6,  1861. 

(  1st       Dec 

7,  1.S35—  July     4,  1836.           37th-  1  2d  •  •  • 

.Dec.      2,  1861—  July   17,  1862. 

24th-  )  2d  .".'.'Dec! 

5,  1836—  Mar.     3,  1837. 

.Dec.     1,  1862—  Mar.     4,  1863. 

1st....  Sept. 
25th  J  2d....Dec. 

4,  1837—  Oct.    16,1837.           38th  -!  ***••• 
4,  1837-  July     9,  1S38.                     1  2d  .  .  . 

.Dec.     7,  1863—  July     2,  1864. 
Dec.     5,  1S64—  Mar.     4,  1865. 

(  3d  ....Dec. 

3,  1838—  Mar.     3,1839.           o0fh   j  1st... 

.Dec.     4,  1865—  July   28,  1866. 

orith   j  1st  Dec. 

2,  1839-July   21,  1840.                     1   2d  .  .  . 

Dec.     3,  1866—  Mar.     4,  1867. 

26th'1  2d....Dec. 

7,  1840—  Mar.     3,1841.                     fist... 

Mar.     4,  1867—  Mar.  30,  1867. 

(  1st  May 

31,  1841—  Sept,  13,  1841.                           "... 

July     3,  1867—  July   20,  1867. 

27th.-/  2d  ....Dec. 

6,  1841—  Aug.  31,  1842.           40th.  ]     "... 

.Nov.  21,  1867—  Dee.     2,  1867. 

(  3d  ....Dec. 

5,  1842—  Mar.     3,  1843.                        2d  .  .  . 

Dec.      2,  1867—  July   27,  1868. 

oQfu   ]  1st  Dec. 

4,  1843—  June  17,  1844.                     L  3d  ... 

Dec.     7,  1868— 

88Ul-l  2d....Dec. 

2,  1844—  Mar.     3,  1845. 

LIST  OF  GOVERNORS. 

ALABAMA. 

William  W.  Bibb... 

.  1819-1820.  [Arthur  P.  Bagby  1837-1841. 

Andrew  B.  Moore.  .  .  .1857-1861. 

Thomas  Bibb  

.1820-1821.  Benj.  Fitzpatrick  1841-1815. 

John  G.  Shorter  18(51-1863. 

Israel  Pickins  

.1821-1825.  Joshua  L.  Martin  1845-1847. 

Thomas  H.  Watts.  .  .  .1803-1865. 

John  Murphy  
Gabriel  Moore  

.  1825-1829.  Reuben  Chapman.  .  .  .1847-1849. 
.1829-1831.  Henry  W.  Collier.  ..  .18  19-1853. 

Lewis  E.  Parsons  1865-1805. 
Robert  M.  Patton  18(35-1868. 

John  Gayle  

.1831-1835.  John  A.Winston  1853-1857. 

William  H.  Smith.  .  .  .1868-  

Clement  C.  Clay  

.  1835-1837  

ARKANSAS. 



TERRITORY 

STATE. 

John  S.  Roane  1848-1852. 

James  Miller  

.1819-1825.  James  S.  Conway.  ..  .1836-1840. 

Elias  N.  Conway  1852-1860. 

George  Izard.  ..  . 

.1825-1829.  Archibald  Yell  18-10-18-14. 

Henry  M.  Rector  1860-18(34. 

John  Pope 

1829-1835.  Sam1!  Adams,  (acting)1844-1844. 
.1835-1836.  Thomas  S.  Drew  1*14-1848. 

Isaac  Murphy  .1864-1868. 
Powell  Clayton  1868-  

William  S.  Fulton.. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Peter  H.  Burnett.  .  . 

.1849-1851.  l  John  B.  Weller  1858-1860. 

Leland  Stanford  1862-1863. 

JohnMcDougall,(act.)1851-1852.  Milton  S.  Latham  ....  1860-1860. 
John  Bigler  1852-1856.  1  John  G.  Downv  .     .  1860-1862. 

Frederick  F.  Low  1863-18(58. 
Henry  H.  Haight  18(58-  

J.  Neely  Johnson.  .  . 

.1856-1858  

CONNECTICUT. 

Samuel  Huntington  . 

.1785-1796.  Henry  W.  Edwards.  .1833-1834, 

Thomas  H.  Sevmour.  1850-1853. 

Oliver  Wolcott.  

.1796-1798.  Samuel  A.  Foote  1834-1835. 

C.  H.  Pond,  (acting).  .1853-1854. 

Jonathan  Trumbull.  . 

.1798-1809.  Henry  W.  Edwards  ..  1835-1R38. 

Henry  Dutton  1  854-1  S55. 

John  Treadwell  

.1809-1811.  Wm.  W.  Ellsworth      1838-1842. 

William  T.  Minor.  .  .  .1855-1857. 

Roger  Griswold  

.1811-1813.  C.  F.  Cleveland  1843-1844. 

Alexander  H.  Hollev.  1857-1858. 

John  Cotton  Smith.  . 

.1813-1818.  Roger  S.  Baldwin  1844-1846. 

Wm.  A.  Buckino-ham.  1858-1866. 

Oliver  Wolcott  
Gideon  Tomlinson.  . 

.  1818-1827.  (Isaac  Toucev  ....        1846-1847. 
.1827-1831.  Clark  Bissell  1847-1849. 

Joseph  R.  Hawley.  .  .  .186(3-1867. 
James  E.  English  1867-  

John  S.  Peters  

.  1831-1833.  ;  Joseph  Trumbull  1849-1850. 

1869.] 


Joshua  Clayton 1789-1796. 

Gunning  Bedford ....  1796-1797. 

Daniel  Rogers 1797-1798. 

Richard  Bassett 1798-1801. 

James  Sykes,  (acting)  1801-1802. 

David  Hall 1802-1805. 

Nathaniel  Mitchell. .  .180.5-1808. 

George  Tructt 1808-1811. 

Joseph  Haslett 1811-1814. 

Daniel  Rodney 1814-1817. 


LIST  OF  GOVERNORS. 


65 


DELAWARE. 

|  John  Clarke 1817-1820. 

'Jacob  Stout,  (acting).  1820-1 821. 

John  Collins 1821-1822.  „  — ^ .. — .,  v-^«us,.ilw-Ac«u. 

j  Caleb  Rodney,  (acting)  1822-1 823.  j  William  Temple . . ...  1846-1846. 

'Joseph  Haslett 1823-1834.        " 

Samuel  Paynter 1824-1827. 

George  Poindexter. .  .1827-1830. 

David  Hazzard 1830-18-33. 

Caleb  P.  Bennett 183:3-1837. 

Cornelius  P.Comegys.1837-1840. 


. | William  B.  Cooper...  1840-1844. 

Thomas  Stockton 1844-1846. 

j  Joseph  Maul,  (acting).  1846-1846. 


.1846-1851. 
,.1851-1855. 
.1855-1859. 
.1859-1863. 
1863-1865. 


.j William  Thorp..'. 
.  I  William  H.Ross.. 

Peter  F.  Causey. . . 

William  Burton... 

William  Cannon... 


Gove  Saulsbury 1865- 


William  P.  Duvall 
John  H.  Eaton . . . 
Richard  K.  Call.. 
Robert  R.Reid... 
Richard  K.  Call.. 


RY. 

...1822-1834. 

FLORIDA. 
John  Branch  1844-1845. 

STATE. 

Madison  S.  Perry.  . 
John  Milton 

..1857-1861. 
1861  1865 

...1834-1836. 

William  D.  Moseley.  .1845-18-19. 

Wm.  Marvin*... 

..1865-1866. 

1836-1839. 

Thomas  Brown        .    1849-1853 

David  S  Walker 

1866-1868 

...1839-1841. 

James  E.  Broonie  1853-1857. 

Harrison  Reed.  .  .  . 

.  1868- 

...1841-1844. 

GEORGIA. 

George  Walton 1789-1790. 1  Peter  Early 1813-1815. 

Edward  Telfair 1790-1793.  David  B.  Mitchell ....  1815-1817. 


George  Matthews. 
Jared  Irwin. 


...1793-1796. 
..1796-1798. 


James  Jackson 1798-1801. 


William  Rabun 1817-1819. 

Matthew  Talbot,  (act.)  1819-1819. 
John  Clarke 1819-1823. 


David  Emannel,  vact.).1801-1801.  i  George  M.  Troup 1823-1827. 

Josiah  Tatnall 1801-1802.  John  Forsyth 1827-1829. 

John  Milledge 1802-1806.  George  R.  Gilmer. . .  .1829-1831. 

Jared  Irwin 1806-1809.  Wilson  Lumpkin 1831-1835. 

David  B.  Mitchell. . .  .1809-1813.  [William  Schley 1835-1837. 


George  R.  Gilmer... 
Charles  J.  McDonald 
George  W.  Crawford 
George  W.  B.  Towns 

HowellCobb 

Herschel  V.  Johnson 

Joseph  E.  Brown 

James  Johnson* 

Charles  J.  Jenkins.. 
R.  B.  Bullock 


.1837-1839. 
.1839-1843. 
.1843-1847. 
.1847-1851. 
.1851-1853. 
.1853-1857. 
.1857-1865. 
.1865-1865. 
.1865-1868. 
.1868- 


ILLINOIS. 

John  Reynolds 1830-1834. 

Joseph  Ducan 1834-1838. 

Thomas  Carlin 1*38-1842. 

Thomas  Ford 1842-1846. 

Augustus  C.  French.  .1846-1853. 
Ninian  Edwards 1826-1830.  |  Joel  A.  Matteeon.  . . .  1853-1857. 


TERRITORY. 

Ninian  Edwards 1809-1818. 

STATE. 

Shadrach  Bond 1818-1822. 

Edward  Coles. 


William  H.  Bissell..  .1857-1861. 

Richard  Yates 1861-1865. 

Richard  J.  Oglesby. .  .1865-1869. 
John  M.  Palmer 1869- 


TERRITORY. 

William  II.  Harrison. 1800-1811. 
John  Gibson,  (act.)...  1811-1813. 
Thomas  Posey 1813-1816. 

STATE. 

Jonathan  Jennings . .  .1816-1822. 


INDIANA. 

William  Hendricks...  1822-1825. 
James  B.  Ray  1825-1831. 
Noah  Noble  1831-1837. 
David  Wallace  1837-1840. 
Samuel  Bigger  1840-1843. 

Paris  C.  Dunning.  ...1848-1849. 
Joseph  A.  Wright.  .  .  1849-1857. 
Ashbel  P.  Willard.  .  .  .1857-1861. 
O.  P.  Morton  1861-1867. 
Conrad  Baker  1867-  

James  Whltcomb....  1843-1848. 

IOWA. 

TERRITORY.  STATE.  Ralph  P.  Lowe 1858-1860. 

Robert  Lucas 1838-1841., Ansel  Briggs 1846-1850.  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood.  1860-1864. 

John  Chambers 1841-184(5.  Stephen  Hemps tead.  .1850-1854.  William  M.  Stone 18(54-1868. 

James  Clark 1846-1-846.  |  Jamec  W.  Grimes ....  1854-1858.  |  Samuel  Merrill 1868- 


KANSAS. 

TERRITORY.  J.  W.  Denver 1858-1858. | S.  J.  Crawford 1865-1869. 

A.  H.  Reeder 1854-1866.  Frederic  P.  Stanton.  .1858-1861.  James  M.  Harvey        1869- 

Wilson  Shannon 1855-1856.  \  STATE. 

John  W.  Geary 1856-1 857.  'Charles  Robinson 1861-1861 

E.  J.  Walker 1857-1858.  i  Thomas  Carney 1861-1865.  ....... 


Isaac  Shelby 1792-1796. 

James  Garrard 1796-1804. 

Christopher  Greenup  .1804-1808. 

Charles  Scott 1808-1812. 

Isaac  Shelby  1812-1816. 

George  Madison 1816-1816. 

G.  Slaughter,  (acting).1816-1820. 
John  Adair 1820-1824. 


KENTUCKY. 

Thomas  Metcalfe 182.3-1832. 

John  Breathitt 1832-1834. 

J.  T.  Morehead,  (act.).1834-1836. 

James  Clark 1836-1837. 

C.  A.  Wickliffe.  (act.).  1839-1840. 
Robert  P.  Letcher. . .  .1840-1844. 

William  Owpley 1844-1R48. 

John  J.  Critteriden . .  .1848-1850. 


Joseph  Desha 1824-1828.  John L. Helm,  (act.).  .1850-1851. 

5 


Lazarus  W.  Powell. .  .1851-1855. 
Charles  S.  Morehead.  .1855-1859. 

B.  Magoffln 1859-1861. 

J.  F.  Robinson 1861-1863. 

T.  E.  Bramlette 1863-1867. 

J.  L.Helm 1867-1867. 

J.  W.  Stevenson,(act,)1867-1868. 
J.  W.  Stevenson 1868- 


66 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


1869.] 


TERRITORY  OF  ORLEANS. 

Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne.1804-1812. 

STATE. 

Wm.C.  C.  Claiborae.  1812-1816. 
James  Villare  1816-18-20. 
Thos.  B.  Robertson..  1820-1822. 
H.S.Thibodeaux,(act)  1822-1824. 
Henry  Johnson            1824—1828 

LOUISIANA. 
A.  Bauvais,  (act.)  1829-1830. 
Jacques  Dupre,  (act.).  1830-18:30. 
Andre  B.  Roman  1830-18:34. 
Edward  D.  White.  .  .  .1834-1838. 
Andre  B.  Roman  18:38-1841. 
Alexander  Mouton  .  .  .  .1841-1845. 
Isaac  Johnson  1845-1850. 
Joseph  Walker            1850-1854 

R.  C.  Wickliffe  1856-1860. 
Thomas  O.  Moore.  .  .  .1860-1862. 
G.  F.  Shepley  1862-1864. 
Michael  Halm  1864-1865. 
J.  M.  Wells  1865-1867. 
Benj.  F.  Flanders.  .  .  .1867-1868. 
Joshua  Baker  1868-1868. 

H.  C.  Warmouth  1868-  

Peter  Derbiimey  182&-1829. 

Paul  O.  Hebert  1854-1856. 

William  Kin?  1820-1822. 
Albion  K.  Parris  1822-1827. 
Enoch  Lincoln  1827-1829. 
Jonathan  G.  Hunton.  1829-1831. 
Samuel  E.  Smith  1831-1834. 
Robert  P.  Dunlap  18:34-1838. 

MAINE. 
Edward  Kent  1840-1841. 
John  Fail-field  1841-1843. 
E.  Kavanagh,  (act.)  ..  .1843-1844. 
Hugh  J.  Anderson...  1844-1  847. 
John  W.  Dana  1847-1850. 
John  Hubbard  1850-1853. 

Samuel  Wells  1856-1857. 
Hannibal  Hamlin.  ..  .1857-1857. 
Joseph  H.  William?  .  .1857-1858. 
Lot  M.  Morrill  1858-1860. 
Israel  Washburn,  Jr.  .  1860-1862. 
Abner  Coburn  1862-1863. 

Edward  Kent  1838-1839. 

Wm.  G.  Crosby  1853-1855. 

Samuel  Cony  1863-1867. 

John  Fairlield  1839-1840. 

Aneon  P.  Morrill  1855-1856. 

J.  L.  Chamberlain  ....  1867-  

John  E.  Howard.. 
George  Plater  
Thomas  S.  Lee  
John  H.  Stone  
John  Henry  

MARYLAND. 
.  .  .1788-1792.  1C.  Ridgely  1815-1818. 
.  .  .1792-1792.  1C.  W.  Goldsborough.  1818-1819. 
1792-1794.  i  Samuel  Sprigg  1819-1822. 
.  .  .1794-1797.  i  Samuel  Stevens  1822-1826. 
.  .  .  1797-1798.  Joseph  Kent  1826-1829. 
1798-1801   Daniel  Martin              1829-1830 

Thomas  W.  Veasay..  1836-1838. 
William  Grayson  1838-1841. 
Francis  Thomas  .  1841-1844. 

Thomas  G.  Pratt  1844-1848. 
Philip  F.  Thomas.  .  .  .1848-1851. 
Enoch  L.  Lowe  .  1851-1854. 

John  F.  Mercer.  .. 
Robert  Bowie  
Robert  Wright 

1801-1803   T.  K.  Carroll        .   .     1830-1831. 

Thomas  W.  Ligon.  ..1854-1858. 
Thomas  H.  Hicks.  .  .  .1858-1862. 
A.  W.  Bradford  1862-1866. 
Thomas  Swann  1866-1868. 
Oden  Bowie  .  .  .  1868-.  .  . 

.  .  .1803-1805.  Daniel  Martin  1831-1831. 

1805-1809.  !  Geo.  Howard,  (act.).  .1831-1832. 

Edward  Lloyd  

.  .  .  1809-1811.  George  Howard  1832-1833. 

Robert  Bowie  
Levin  Winder... 

.  .  .1811-1812.  !  James  Thomas  1833-1830. 
...1812-1815.  .. 

John  Hancock  .  .  1789-1794 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
John  Brooks                1816-1823. 

Marcus  Morton  1843-1844. 

Samuel  Adams  1794-1797. 
Increase  Stunner  1797-1799. 
Moses  Gill,  (act.)  1799-1SOO 

William  Eustis  1823-1825. 
Marcus  Morton,(act.).  1825-1825. 
Levi  Lincoln     .            1825-1834. 

George  N.  Briggs  1844-1851. 
George  S.  Boutwell...  1851-1  858. 
John  H.  Clifford  1853-1854. 

Caleb  Strong  1800-1807. 
James  Sullivan  1807-1808. 
Levi  Lincoln,  (act.)..  1808-1  809. 
Christopher  Gore.  1809-1810 

John  Davis  1834-1836. 

S.  T.Armstrong,(act.)1836-1836. 
Edward  Everett  1836-1840. 
Marcus  Morton        .    1840-1841. 

Emory  Washburn  1854-1855. 
Henry  J.  Gardner  1855-1858. 
Nathaniel  P.  Banks..  1858-1  861. 
John  A.  Andrew  1861-1866. 

Elbridge  Gerry  1810-1812. 

John  Davis  1841-1843. 

Alex.  H.  Bullock  1866-1869. 

Caleb  Strong  1812-1816. 

William  Claflin  1869-.  .  .  , 

TERRITORY. 

William  Hull 1805-1814. 

Lewis  Cass 1814-1831. 

George  B.  Porter 1831-1834. 

S.  T.  Mason,  (acting).  1834-1 835. 
J.  S. Homer,  (acting).  1835-1 836. 

STATE. 

Stevens  T.  Mason. . .  .1836-1840. 


TERRITORY. 

Alexander  Ramsey. .  .1849-1853. 
Willis  A.  Gorman. . .  .1853-1857. 


MICHIGAN. 

Wm.  Woodbridge 1840-1841. 

J.  W.  Gordon,  (act.).. 1841-1842. 

John'S.  Barry 1842-1846. 

Alpheus  Felch 1846-1847. 

W.  L.  Greenley,  (act.). 1847-1848. 

E.  Ransom 1848-1850. 

John  S.  Barry 1850-1852. 

Robert  McClelland. .  .1852-1853. 

MINNESOTA. 

Samuel  Medary 1857-1858. 

STATE. 
Henry  H.  Sibley 1858-1860. 


A.  Parsons,  (act.) 

Kinsley  S.  Bingham. . 

Moses  wiener 

Austin  Blair 

Henry  II.  Crapo. 
Henry  P.  Baldwin 


1853-1855. 
1855-1859. 
1859-1861. 
1861-1865. 
18(55-1859. 
,1869-.... 


Alexander  Ramsey. .  .1880-1864. 

Stephen  Miller 1864-1866. 

W.  R.  Marshall 1866-.. . 


TERRITORY. 

Winthrop  Sargent.  .  .  .1798-1802. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborae..  1802-1805. 
Robert  Williams  1805-1809. 
David  Holmes          .    1809-1817. 

MISSISSIPPI. 
Gerard  C.  Brandon.  .  .1827-1831. 
Abraham  M.  Scott..  .  .1831-1833. 
Hiram  G.,Runnels  ....  1833-1835. 
Charles  Lynch  1835-1837. 
A.  G.  McNutt               1837-1841. 

Jas  Whitfield  1851-1852. 

Henry  S.  Foote  1852-1854. 
John  J  McRae  1854-1858 

Wm.  McWillie  1858-1860. 

John  J.  Pettus  1860-1862. 
Jacob  Thomson  1862-1864. 
Charles  Clarke  1864-1865. 
Wm.  L.  Sharkey*.  .  .  .1865-1866. 
Benj.  G.  Humphreys.  1866-  

STATE. 

David  Holmes  1817-1819. 
George  Poimlexter.  .  .1819-1821. 
Walter  Leake  1821-1825. 
David  Holmes.  .  .  ,    ...  1825-1827. 

T.  M.  Tucker  1841-1843. 
Albert  G.  Brown  1843-1848. 
Joseph  W.  Mat  thews.  1848-1  850. 
John  A.  Quitman....  1850-1851. 
John  J.  Guion,  (act.)..  1851-1851. 

1869.] 


LIST  OF  GOVERNORS. 
MISSOURI. 


67 


Alexander  McNair. .  .1820-1824., John  C.  Edwards  . . . .1844-1848.  C.  F.  Jackson 1861-1861. 

Frederick  Bates 1824-1826.  Austin  A.  King 1848-1858. 'H.  R.  Gamble. 


.  1826-1832. 


John  Miller... 

Daniel  Dunklin 1832-1836. 

L.  W.  Boggs 1836-1840. 

Thomas  Reynolds.. .  .1840-1844. 


Sterling  Price  

.  1853-1857. 

Thomas  C  Fletcher 

1865  1869 

Trusten  Polk 

1857-1857. 

Jos.  W  McClurg 

1869 

H.  Jackson,  (acting). 

.1857-1&57. 

R.  M.  Stewart  

.1857-1861. 

TERRITORY. 

Francis  Burt 1854-1854. 

Mark  W.  Izard 1854-1858. 


NEBRASKA. 
Wm.  A.  Richardson..  1858-1860. 

Samuel  W.  Black 1860-1863. 

Alvin  Sauuders 1863-1866. 


David  Butler 1866-1867. 

STATE. 

David  Butler 1867-1868. 


NEVADA. 

TERRITORY.                                   STATE. 
James  W.  Nye 1861-1864.  iH.  G.  Blasdel 1864-. 


Josiah  Bartlett 

John  T.  Gilman — 

John  Langdon 

Jeremiah  Smith 

John  Langdon 

William  Plumer — 

John  T.  Gilman 

William  Plumer 

Samuel  Bell , 

Levi  Woodbury 

David  L.Morri'U... 


.1792-1794 
.1794-1805 
.1805-1809 
.1809-1810 
.1810-1812 
.1812-1813 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

(Benjamin  Pierce 1827-1829. 

!  John  Bell 1829-1830. 

I  Matthew  Harvey 1830-1831. 

J.  M.  Harper,  (act.)..  .1831-1831, 

i  Samuel  Dtnemoor 1831-1884. 

i  William  Badger 1834-1836. 


jJared  W.  Williams. 
Samuel  Dinsnioor. . 

Noah  Martin 

N.  B.Baker 

Ralph  Metcalf 

illiamHaile... 


.1813-1816. 
.1816-1819. 
.1819-1823. 
.1823-1824. 

.1824-1827. 


Isaac  Hill 1836-1839. 

John  Page 1839-1842. 

Henry  Hubbard 1842-1844. 

John  H.  Steele 1844-1846, 

Anthony  Colby 1846-1847. 


Ichabod  Goodwin . , 

N-.  S.  Berry 

Joseph  A.  Gilmore 

Frederic  Smyth 

Walter  Harriman.. 


..1847-1849. 
..1849-1852. 
..1852-1854. 
..1854-1855. 
..1855-1857. 
..1857-1859. 
..1859-1861. 
..1861-1863. 
..1863-1865. 
. . 1865-1867. 
..1867-.... 


NEW  JERSEY. 


William  Livingston..  1789-1  794. 
William  Patterson.  .  .1794-1794. 
Richard  Howell  1794-1801. 
Joseph  Bloomfield...  .1801-1812. 
Aaron  Ogden  1812-1813. 

Peter  D.  Vroom  1829-1852. 
Samuel  L.  Southard..  1832-1833. 
Elias  P.  Seeley  1833-1833 

Daniel  Haines  1848-1851 

George  F.  Fort  1851-1854. 
Rodman  M.  Price  1854-1857. 
Wm.  A.  Newell  1857-1860 

Peter  D.  Vroom  1833-1836. 
Philemon  Dickerson.  1836-1837. 
Wm.  Pennington  1837-1843. 
Daniel  Haines  1843-1844. 
Charles  C.  Stratton...  1844-1848. 

Charles  S.  Olden  1860-1863. 
Joel  Parker  186:3-1866. 
Marcus  L.  Ward  1866-1869. 
Thos.  F.  Randolph.  .  .1869-  

Wm.  S.  Penningt  on..  181  3-1815. 
Mahlon  Dickerson.  .  .1815-1817. 
I.  H.  Williamson  1817-1829. 

NEW  YORK. 

George  Clinton 17S9-1795.  | Nath'l  Pitcher,  (act.) .  .1827-1829.  'Hamilton  Fish 1849-1851. 

John  Jay 1795-1801 . !  Martin  Van  Burcn. . .  .1829-1829. ,  Washington  Hunt ....  1851-1853. 

George  Clinton     1801-1804.  Enos  T.  Throop ......  1829-1833.  Horatio  Seymour 1853-1855. 

Morgan  Lewis 180-1-1807.  \  William  L.  Marcy ....  1833-1839. : Myron  H.  Clark 1855-1857. 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins.  .1807-181(5.  William  H.  Seward. .  .1839-1843.  'John  A.  King 1857-1859. 

John  Taylor,  (act.). .  .181 6-1817.  i  William  C.  Bouck 1843-1845.  Edwin  D.  Morgan ia59-1863. 

DeWitt  Clinton 1817-1822.  i  Silas  Wright 1845-1847.  i  Horatio  Seymour 1863-1865. 

Joseph  C.  Yates 1822-1824.  John  Young 1847-1849.  Reuben  E.  Fenton. .  .1865-1869. 

DeWitt  Clinton 1824-1827. [John  T.  Hoffman 1869- 


Alexander  Martin  1789-1792. 
Richard  D.  Spaight,..  1792-1  795. 
Samuel  Ashe  1795-1798 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
William  Miller  1814-1817. 
John  Branch  1817-1820. 
Jesse  Franklin             1820-1821. 

John  M.  Morehead.  .  .1841-1845. 
William  A.  Graham...  1845-1849. 
Charles  Manly  1849-1*51. 
David  S.  Reid  1851-1855. 
Thomas  Bragg  1855-1859. 
John  W.  Ellis  1859-1861. 
Z.B.Vance  1861-1865. 
W.  W.  Holdcn*  1865-1865. 
Jonathan  Worth  1865-1868. 
W.  W.Holden  1868-  

William  R.  Davie....  1798-1799. 
Benjamin  Williams  ..  .1799-1802. 
James  Turner  1802-1805 

Gabriel  Holmes  1821-1824. 
Hutchins  G.  Burton..  1824-1  827. 
James  Iredell              1827-1828. 

Nathaniel  Alexander.  1805-1807. 
Benjamin  Williams.  .  .1807-1808. 
David  Stone  1808-1810. 
Benjamin  Smith  1810-1811. 
William  Hawkins  .  .  .  .1811-1814. 

John  Owen  1828-1830. 

Montfort  Stokes  1830-1832. 
David  L.  Swain  1832-1  S35. 
Richard  D.  Spaight,  .  .183.5-1837. 
Edward  B.  Dudley.  .  .1837-1841. 

TERRITORY. 

Arthur  St.  Clair 1788-1803. 

Edward  Tiffin™™.'. .  .1803-1807. 
Thos.Kirker,  (acting). 1807-1808. 


OHIO. 

Samuel  Huntington..  1808-1810. 

Return  J.  Meiers' 1810-1814. 

O.  Looker,  (acting) ..  .1814-1814. 


Allen  Trimble,  (act.).  1822-1 822. 
Jeremiah  Morrow. . .  .1822-1826. 
Allen  Trimble 1826-1830. 


Thos.  Worthington'.'.. 1814-1818.! Duncan  McArthur.. .. 1830-1  SfcJ. 
Ethan  A.  Brown 1818-1822.  j  Robert  Lucas 1832-1836. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER, 


[1869. 


Joseph  Vance 

Wilson  Shannon. 
Thomas  Corwin . . 


OHIO.— ( Continued.) 

.ia36-l&38.!William.Bebb 1846-1 848.!  David  Todd 1862-1864. 

.  1838-1840. ;  Seabury  Ford 1848-1850.  John  Brough 1864-1865. 


...1840-184-2. 


Wilson  Shannon 1843-1844. 

T.  W.  Bartley,  (act.).  .1844-1844. 
Mordecai  Bartley 1844-1846. 


Reuben  Wood 1850-1853.  !Chas.  Anderson, (act.)  1865-1866. 

William  Medill 1853-1856. !  Jacob  D.  Cox 1866-1868. 

Salmon  P.  Chase 1856-1860.  ]  R.  B.  Hayes 1868- 

William  Dennison....  1860-1862.  


OREGON. 

TERRITORY.  I  Joseph  Lane 1853-1853. 1  STATE. 

James  Shields 1848-1848.!  John  W.  Davis 1853-1854.  John  Whittaker. . . . 

Joseph  Lane 1848-1 850.  j  George  L.  Curry 1854-1859. 1  Addison  C.  Gibbs. . 

John  P.  Gaines 1850-1853.1 |  George  L.  Woods. . 


.1859-1862. 
.1862-1866. 
.1866-... 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas  Miflin 1790-1799. 1  George  Wolf 1829-1835.  'William  Bigler 1852-1855. 

Thomas  McKean 1799-1808. 1  Joseph  Ritner 1835-1839. !  James  Pollock 1855-1858. 

Simon  Snyder 1808-1817.  [David  R.  Porter 1839-1845. j  William  F.  Packer. .  .1858-1861. 

William  Findlay 1817-1820.  Francis  R.  Shunk. . .  .1845-1848. [Andrew  G.  Curtin...  .1861-1867. 

Joseph  Heister 1820-1823.  William  F.  Johnston .  1848-1852. 1  John  W.  Geary 1867- 

John  A.  Shulze 1823-1829 


Arthur  Fenner  .1790-1805 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
William  Sprague  1838-1839. 
Samuel  W.  King  1839-1843. 
James  Fenner  :  .  .1843-1845. 
Charles  Jackson        .  1845-1846. 

Francis  M.  Dimond.  .1853-1854. 
William  W.  Hoppin.  .1854-1857. 
Elisha  Dyer  1857-1859. 
Thomas  G.  Turner.  .  .1859-1860. 
William  Sprague  1860-1861. 
J.  R.  Bartlett,  (act.)  ..  1861-1862. 
W.  C.  Cozzens.  (act.)  .  1862-1  8153. 
James  Y.  Smith  1863-1866. 
Ambrose  E.  Burnside.1866-  

Henry  Smith,  (act.)  .  .  .1805-1806. 
Isaac  Wilbur,  (act.)..  1806-1807. 
James  Fenner  .  1807-1811 

William  Jones  1811-1817. 
NehemiahR.  Knight.  1817-1821. 
William  C.  Gibbs.  ...1821-1824. 
James  Fenner  1824-1831. 
Lemuel  H.  Arnold.  .  .  .1831-1833. 
John  B.  Francis  1833-1838. 

Byron  Diman  1846-1847. 

Elisha  Harris  1847-1849. 
H.  B.  Anthony             1849-1851. 

Philip  Allen  1851-1832. 

W.  B.  Lawrence,(act.)  1852-1852. 
Philip  Allen  1852-1853. 

Charles  Pinckney... 

A.  Vanderhorst 

William  Moultrie... 
Charles  Pinckney... 

Edward  Rutledge 

John  Drayton,  (act.). 

AfiB.  Richardson 

Paul  Hamilton 

Charles  Pinckney . . . 

John  Drayton 

Henry  Middleton 

Joseph  Alston 

David  R.Williams.. 
Andrew  Pickens.... 


1789-1792. 
1792-1794. 
1794-1796. 
1796-1798. 
,1798-1800. 
1800-1802. 
1802-1804. 
1804-1806. 
1806-1808. 
1808-1810. 
1810-1812. 
1812-1814. 
1814-1816. 
1816-1818. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

John  Geddes 1818-1820. 

Thomas  Bennet 1820-1822. 

John  L.  Wilson 1822-1824. 

R.  I.  Manning 1824-1826. 

John  Ta vlor 1 826-1828. 

S.  D.  Miller 1828-1830. 

James  Hamilton 1830-1832. 

Robert  Y.  Hayne 1832-1834. 

George  McDuffie 1834-1836. 

Pierce  M.  Butler 1836-1838. 

Patrick  Noble 1838-1840. 

B.  K.  Henne@an,(act.).1840-1840. 

J.  P.  Richardson 1840-1842. 

J.  H.  Hammond 1842-1844. 


William  Aiken... 
David  Johnson . . . 
W.  B.  Seabrook.. 
John  H.  Means. .. 
John  L.  Manning. 
James  H.  Adams. 
R.  F.  W.  Alston.. 
William  H.  Gist. 
F.  W.  Pickens... 
M.  L.  Bonham 

A.  G.  Magrath 

B.  F.  Perry* 

James  L.  Orr 

[Robert  K.Scott.. 


...1844-1846. 
...1846-1848. 
...1848-1850. 
...1850-1852. 
...1852-1854. 
...1854-1856. 
. . .1856-1858. 
....1858-1860. 
....1860-1862. 
...1862-1864. 
...1864-1865. 
. .  .1865-1865. 
...1865-1868. 
...1868 


TENNESSEE. 


John  Sevier  

...1796-1801. 

William  Carroll 

1  829-1  a35 

William  Trousdale  1849-1851. 

Archibald  Roane.. 
John  Sevier 

...1801-1803. 
...1803-1809 

Newton  Cannon  .  .  . 
James  K  Polk 

..1835-1839. 
1839  184-1 

William  B.  Campbell.  1851  -1853. 
Andrew  Johnson  1853  1857 

William  Blount  
Joseph  McMin  
William  Carroll... 
Samuel  Houston... 

...1809-1815. 
...1815-1821. 
...1821-1827. 
...1827-1829. 

James  C.  Jones  
Aaron  V.  Brown.  .  . 
Neil  S.  Brown  

..1841-1845. 
...1845-1847. 
..1847-1849. 

Isham  G.  Harris  1857-1862. 
Andrew  Johnson  1862-1865. 
W.  G.  Brownlow  1865-  

TEXAS. 

J.  P.  Henderson 1840-1847. 1H.  G.  Runnels 1857-1859.  jPendleton  Murray. . .  .1863-1865. 

George  T.  Wood 1847-1 849. 1  Sam.  Houston 1859-1861.  jA.  J.  Hamilton* 18(55-1866. 

P.  H.  Bell  1849-1853. | Edward  Clark,  (act.). .  1861-1861. ; J.  W.  Throckmorton.  1866-1867. 

Edward  M.  Pease. . .  .1853-1857.  F.  R.  Lubbock 1861-1863.  |E.  M.  Pease 1867- 


1S69.] 


LIST  OF  GOVERNORS. 


69 


Moses  Robinson  

.1789-1790. 

VERMONT 
Ezra  Butler  
S.  C.  Crafts  
William  A.  Palmer.  . 
Silas  A  .  Jenisbn  
Charles  Paine  
John  Mattocks  
William  Slade 

.1826-1828. 
.1828-1831. 
.1831-1835. 
.1835-1841. 
.1841-1843. 
.1843-1844. 
1844-1846 

Erasing  Fairbanks.. 
J.  S.  Robinson  
Stephen  Royce  
Rylaud  Fletcher.  .  . 
Hilaud  Hall 

.1852-1853. 
.1853-1854. 
.1854-1856. 
.1856-1858. 

1  S*y*_1  Af\f\ 

Thomas  Chittenden. 
Isaac  Tichcnor 

.1790-1797. 
1797-1807. 

Israel  Smith 

.1807-1808. 
.1808-1809. 

Isaac  Tichenor  

Jonas  Galusha  
Martin  Chittenden.. 
Jonas  Galusha  

.1809-1813. 
.181:3-1815. 
.1815-1820. 

Erastus  Fairbanks.  .  .1860-1801. 
Frederick  Holbrook.  .1861-1863. 
John  G.  Smith             iKK3-is«f; 

Horace  Eaton  

.1846-1849. 

Richard  Skinner  — 
C.  P.  Van  Ness... 

.1820-1823. 

.1823-1820. 

Carlos  Coolidge  
Charles  K.  Williams. 

.1849-1850. 
.1850-1852. 

Paul  Dillingham  
JohnB.  Pa^e... 

.1865-1867. 
1867- 

Beverly  Randolph  .  . 
Henry"Lee  
Robert  Brooke  
James  Wood  
James  Monroe 

VIRGINIA. 
.1788-1791.  Wilson  C.  Nicholas  ..  .1814-1816. 
.1791-1794.  James  P.  Preston.  .  ..1816-1819. 
.  1794-1796.  i  Thomas  M.  Randolph  .  1819-1822. 
.1796-1799.  James  Pleasant  1822-1825. 
..1799-1802  1  John  Tyler                    1825-1827. 

Thomas  W.  Gilmer.  .  .1840-1841. 
John  Rutherford  1841-1842. 
John  M.  Gregory  1842-1843. 
James  McDowell  1843-1846. 
William  Smith  1846-1849. 
John  B  Floyd  1849  1852 

John  Page  
William  fr.Cabell.. 
John  Tyler 

.  1802-1805.  i  William  B.  Giles  ....  1827-1830. 
.  1805-1808.  !  John  Floyd  1&30-1834. 
1808-1811.  L.  W.  Tazewell.           1834-l<s36. 

Joseph  Johnson  1852-1856. 
Henry  A.  Wise  .  1856-1860 

James  Monroe  
George  W.  Smith.. 
James  Barbour.  .  . 

.1811-1811.  W.  Robertson,  (act.).  1836-1  837. 
.1811-1812.  David  Campbell  1837-1840. 
.1812-1814.  ., 

John  Letcher  1860-1864. 
Francis  H.  Pierpont.  .1864-1868. 
Henry  H.Weils...  ..1S68-. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 
Arthur  I.  Boreman. .  .1SG3-1869.| William  E.  Stevenson.1869-. . . . 


TERRITORY. 


Henry  Dodt^e 1836-1841 . 

James  D.  Doty 1 841 -1844. 

N.  P.  Tallmaclge 1844-1845. 

Henry  Dodge 1845-1848. 


WISCONSIN. 

STATE.  !  Alex.  W.  Randall . . .  .1857-1861. 

Nelson  Dewey 1848-1 851. !  Ed  ward  Salomon 1861-1 803. 

L.  J.  Farwell 1&51-1R53.  James  T.  Lewis 1863-1866. 

William  A.  Barstow.  .1853-ia55.  Lucius  Fairchild 1806- 

Coles  Bashford 1855-1857.| 


TERRITORIES. 

ARIZONA. 

John  A.  Gurley 1862-1863. IM.  M.  Crocker.  (Mil.).  1864-1866. 1 

John  N.  Goodwin. . .  .1863-1804. 1 R.  C.  McCormick. . .  .1866-1868.) 


COLORADO. 
John  Evans 1861-1865.  |  Alexander  Cummings  1865-1807. 


William  Jayne 


William  H.Wallace, 
Caleb  Lyon , 


DAKOTA. 

.1861-1863. | Newton  Edmunds.. .  .1863-1866. 

IDAHO. 

.1863-1864.  IDavid  W.  Ballard. . .  .1866-1867. 
.1864-1800.!.. 


(A.  C.  Hunt 

lA.J.Faulk... 


Isaac  L.  Gibbs 

David  W.  Ballard... 


1867- 

1806-..., 


1867-1808. 
1808-. . . 


MONTANA. 
Sidney  Edgerton 1864-1865.  |F.  Meagher,  (act.) . . .  .1865-1866.  | Green  Clay  Smith. . .  .1866- 


NEW  MEXICO. 

James  S.Calhoun....  1851-1 852. iDavid  Merriwether..  1853-1 857. 

William  C.  Lane 1852-1853. !  Abraham  Rencher. .  .1857-1861. 

Solan  Borland 1853-1853.  [Henry  Connelly 1861-1805. 


!  Robert  B.Mitchell.. 
jW^.M.T.Arny,  (act.) 


1865-1867. 
1867-. . . . 


UTAH. 

Brigham  Yonng 1850-1 854.!  Alfred  Cummiugs 1  £57-1 861.!  James  D.  Doty 1864-1865. 

E.  J.  Steptoe 1854-1857.jS.  S.  Harding 1861-1864.  Charles  Durkee 1865- 


WASHINGTON. 

Isaac  I.  Stevens 1853-1R57.IR.  D.  Gholson 1861-1861. 

J.  P.  Anderson 1857-1857.  W.  H.  Wallace 1861-1861. 

Fayette  McM  ullen .. . .  1857-1861. 1 


William  Pickering. 
M.F.Moore... 


.1861-1867. 
.1867-..., 


70  THE  AMERICAN  YEAK-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

CONGRESS. 

The  first  section  of  the  Constitution  provides  that  all  legislative  powers 
therein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives.  Congress  must  meet 
at  least  once  in  every  year,  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  and  also  at  the 
commencement  of  each  Congress  on  the  4th  of  March. 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States  is  composed  of  two  Senators  from  each 
State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof  for  six  years.  At  their  first  meeting 
under  the  Constitution,  the  Senators  were  divided  into  three  classes,  so  that 
the  terms  of  one-third  of  the  Senators  might  expire  every  second  year.  By 
this  means  one-third  of  the  Senate  is  renewed  biennially.  No  person  can  be 
a  Senator  who  is  under  thirty  years  of  age,  nor  unless  he  has  been  nine  years 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and,  when  elected,  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  State 
for  which  he  is  chosen.  By  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  July  25th,  1866,  it 
is  provided  that  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  shall  elect  Senators  of 
the  United  States  in  the  following  manner :  Each  House  shall  by  a  viva  voce 
vote  of  each  member  present,  name  a  person  for  Senator  on  the  second  Tuesday 
after  the  meeting  and  organization  thereof.  On  the  day  following,  the  Houses 
shall  meet  in  joint  assembly,  and  if  the  same  person  shall  have  received  a 
majority  of  all  the  votes  cast  in  each  House,  he  shall  be  declared  duly  elected 
Senator  of  the  United  States ;  but  if  not,  then  the  joint  assembly  shall  proceed 
to  choose,  by  a  viva  voce  vote,  a  person  for  the  purpose  aforesaid,  and  the  per 
son  who  shall  receive  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  of  the  joint  assembly,  a 
majority  of  the  members  of  each  House  being  present,  shall  be  declared  duly 
elected.  If  such  Senator  is  not  elected  on  the  first  day,  the  joint  assembly 
shall  meet  and  take  at  least  one  vote  per  day  until  an  election  is  secured. 
When  a  vacancy  shall  happen  during  the  session  of  a  Legislature,  the 
same  proceedings  shall  be  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  after  notice  of  such 
vacancy  shall  have  been  received. 

Besides  its  ordinary  capacity,  the  Senate  is  invested  with  certain  judicial 
functions,  and  its  members  constitute  a  High  Court  of  Impeachment.  The 
judgment  only  extends  to  removal  from  office  and  disqualification. 

The  House  of  Representatives  is  composed  of  members  chosen  every  second 
year  by  the  people  of  the  several  States.  No  person  can  be  a  Representative 
who  is  under  twenty-five  years  of  age,  nor  unless  he  has  been  seven  years  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  and,  when  elected,  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  State 
for  which  he  is  chosen.  Representatives  are  apportioned  among  the  several 
States  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  which  numbers  are  ascertained 
by  an  actual  enumeration  or  census  of  all  the  inhabitants,  made  within 
every  term  of  ten  years.  By  the  law  of  23d  of  May,  1850,  under  which  the 
existing  apportionment  of  Representatives  was  originally  made,  it  was  en 
acted  that  the  number  of  Representatives  in  Congress  should  be  233,  that 
the  representative  population  determined  by  the  census  of  that  year  and 
thereafter  should  be  divided  by  said  number  233,  and  that  the  quotient  so 
found  should  be  the  ratio  of  representation  for  the  several  States. 


1869.] 


CONGKESS. 


71 


The  ratio  thus  ascertained  under  the  census  of  1860  was  126,823 ;  and 
upon  this  basis  the  233  Representatives  were  apportioned  among  the  several 
States,  one  Representative  for  every  district  containing  that  number  of  per 
sons  ;  giving  to  each  State  at  least  one  Representative.  Subsequently,  by 
the  act  of  March  4th,  1862,  the  ratio  was  changed,  and  the  number  of  Rep 
resentatives  from  and  after  March  3d,  1863,  was  increased  from  233  to  241, 
by  allowing  one  additional  Representative  to  each  of  the  following  States, 
viz  :  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Minnesota,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island, 
and  Vermont ;  and  this  number  has  been  increased  by  the  admission  of  Nevada 
and  Nebraska  with  one  representative  each,  to  243. 

In  addition  to  the  Representatives  from  the  States,  the  House  admits  a 
delegate  from  each  organized  Territory,  who  has  the  right  to  debate  on 
subjects  in  which  his  Territory  is  interested,  but  is  not  entitled  to  vote.  The 
members  of  each  House  receive  a  salary  of  $5,000  per  annum,  and  mileage 
at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  mile.  For  each  day's  absence,  except  when  caused 
by  sickness,  $8  per  diem  is  deducted  from  the  salary.  The  President  of  the 
Senate  pro  tern,  receives  the  same  compensation  as  the  Vice  President.  The 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  receives  double  the  salary  of  a 
member. 

APPORTIONMENT  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

By  Act  of  March  4,  1SG2,  under  the  Census  of  1860  and  by  additional  Act  of  March  3, 1863. 
Alabama...  .    6       Maine...  5       Ohio...  ..  19 


Arkansas 3 

California 3 

Connecticut 4 

Delaware 1 

Florida 1 

Georgia 7 

Illinois 14 

Indiana 11 

Iowa 6 

Kansas 1 


Maryland 5 

Massachusetts 10 

Michigan 6 

Minnesota 2 

Mississippi 5 

Missouri 9  • 

Nebraska 1 

Nevada 1  • 

New  Hampshire 3 

New  Jersey 5 


Kentucky 9       New  York . 

Louisiana 5       North  Carolina . 


,31 


Oregon 1 

Pennsylvania 24 

Rhode  Island 2 

South  Carolina ...  4 

Tennessee 8 

Texas 4 

Virginia 8 

Vermont 3 

West  Virginia 3 

Wisconsin 6 

Total...  ...243 


FORTIETH  CONGRESS — 2o  SESSION. 

The  Fortieth  Congres-s  commenced  its  first  regular  session  March  4th,  1867;  adjourned  March 
29th  to  July  3d,  and  again  July  20th  to  November  21st.  Its  second  regular  session  began  Decem 
ber  2d,  1867 ;  was  adjourned  July  27th  to  September  21st,  and  then  to  October  16th,  and  again 
to  November  10th,  and  then  sine  die.  The  third  regular  session  began  December  7th,  1868. 

SENATORS. 

President  of  the  Senate  pro  tern BENJAMIN  F.  WADE. 

Secretary  of  the  Senate G.  C.  GORHAM. 


ALABAMA. 

Willard  Warner 1871. 

Geo.  E.  Spencer 1873. 

ARKANSAS. 

Alexander  Macdonald 1871. 

Benjamin  F.  Rice 1873. 

CALIFORNIA. 

John  Conness Sacramento  City .  .1869. 

Cornelius  Cole Santa  Cruz 1873. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Janies  Dixon Hartford 1869. 

Orris  S.  Ferry Norwalk 1873. 

DELAWARE. 

James  A.  Bayard Wilmington 1869. 

Willard  Saulsbury Georgetown 1871. 

FLORIDA. 

A.S.Welch 1869. 

T.  W.  Osborne 1873- 


72 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


GEORGIA. 

H.  V.  Miller Atlanta 1871. 

Joshua  Hill Savannah 1873. 

ILLINOIS. 

Richard  Yates Jacksonville 1871. 

Lyman  Trumbull Chicago 1873. 


INDIANA. 

Thomas  A.  Hendricks .  Indianapolis 1869. 

Oliver  P.  Morton Indianapolis 1873. 

IOWA. 

James  W.  Grimes Burlington 1871. 

James  Harlan Mt.  Pleasant 1873. 

KANSAS. 

Edmund  G.  Ross Lawrence 1871. 

Samuel  C.  Pomeroy Atchison 1873. 

KENTUCKY. 

Thomas  C.  Me  Creery. .  Louisville 1871. 

Garret  Davis Paris 1873. 


LOUISIANA. 

John  S.  Harris 1871. 

W.  P.  Kellogg New  Orleans 1873. 

MAINE. 

Lot  M.  Morrill Augusta 1809. 

Wm.  Pitt  Fesseuden. .  .Portland ...1871. 

MARYLAND. 

Wm.  Pinckney  Whyte.  .Baltimore 18B9. 

George  Vickers 1873. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Charles  Sumner Boston 1809. 

Henry  Wilson Natick 1871. 

MICHIGAN. 

Zachariah  Chandler Detroit 18f>9. 

Jacob  M.  Howard Detroit 1871. 

MINNESOTA. 

Alexander  Ramsey St.  Paul. 

Daniel  S.  Norton Winona. 

MISSISSIPPI.* 


....1869. 
...1871. 


MISSOURI. 

John  B.  Henderson Louisiana 1869. 

Charles  D.  Drake St.  Louis 1873. 

NEBRASKA. 

Thomas  W.  Tipton Omaha  City 1809. 

John  M.  Thayer Brownsville 1871. 

NEVADA. 

William  M.  Stewart. . .  .Virginia  City 1869. 

James  W.  Nye Carson  City 1873. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Aaron  H.  Cragin Lebanon 1871. 

James  W.  Patterson . . .  Hanover 1873. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

F.  T.  Frelinghuysen..  .Newark. . . 
Alex.  G.  Cattell Camden . . . 


.1809. 
.1871. 


.1809. 
.1873. 


.1871. 
.1873. 


.1809. 
.1873. 


.1871. 
.1873. 


.1873. 


.1871. 


NEW  YORK. 

Edwin  D.  Morgan New  York 

Roscoe  Conkliug Utica 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Gen.  J.  C.  Abbott New  Hanover. 

John  Pool Pasquatauk . . . 

OHIO. 

Benjamin  F.  Wade Jefferson 

John  Sherman Mansfield 

OREGON. 

George  II .  Williams. . . Portland 

Henry  W.  Corbett Portland 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Charles  R.  Buckalew...Bloomsburg. . 
Simon  Cameron Harrisburg 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

William  Sprague Providence 

Henry  B.  Anthony Providence . . . 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Thomas  J.  Robinson 

F.  A.  Sawyer Charleston 

TENNESSEE. 

David  T.  Patterson Greenville 

Joseph  S.  Fowler Nashville 

TEXAS.* 


VIRGINIA.  * 


VERMONT. 

George  T.  Edmunds. .  .Burlington 1869. 

Justin  S.  Morrill Stafford 1873. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Peter  G.  Van  Winkle . .  Parkersburg 1869. 

Waitman  T.  Willey. . ..Morgantown 1871. 

WISCONSIN. 

James  R.  Doolittle Racine 1869. 

Timothy  O.  Howe Green  Bay 1873. 


.1871. 
.1873. 


..1869. 
..1871. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  SENATE^ 

Foreign  Relations.  Messrs.  Sumner  (chairman),  Fessenden,  Cameron,  Harlan,  Morton,  Pat 
terson,  (N.  H.),  and . 

Finance.  Messrs.  Sherman  (chairman),  Morgan,  Williams,  Van  Winkle,  Cattell,  Henderson, 
and  Morrill,  (Vt.) 

Appropriations.  Messrs.  Morrill,  (Me.),  (chairman,)  Grimes,  Howe,  Wilson,  Cole,  Conkling, 
and  Guthrie. 

Commerce.  Messrs.  Chandler  (chairman),  Morrill,  (Me.),  Morgan,  Sprague,  Corbett,  Patter- 
eon,  (Tenn.),  and  Doolittle. 

*  Not  represented  in  the  Senate.          tFor  Committees  of  3d  Session,  see  page  261. 


1869.]  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  SENATE.  73 

Manufactures,    Messrs.  Sprague  (chairman),  Pomeroy,  Yates,  Cole,  and  Dixon. 

Agriculture.    Messrs.  Cameron  (chairman),  Cattell,  Morton,  Tipton,  and  Guthrie. 

Military  Affairs  and  the  Militia.  Messrs.  Wilson  (chairman),  Howard,  Sprague,  Cameron, 
Morton,  Thayer,  and  Doolittle. 

Naval  Affairs.  Messrs.  Grimes  (chairman),  Anthony,  Cragin,  Nye,  Frelinghuysen,  Drake, 
and  Hendricks. 

Judiciary.  Messrs.  Trumbull  (chairman),  Stewart,  Frelinghuysen,  Edmunds,  Conkling,  

— ,  and  Hendricks. 

Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Messrs.  Ramsey  (chairman),  Conness,  Pomeroy,  Van  Winkle, 
Harlan,  Morrill,  (Vt.),  and  Dixon. 

Public  Lands.  Messrs.  Pomeroy  (chairman),  Stewart,  Edmunds,  Cattell,  Williams,  Tipton, 
and  Hendricks. 

P?i,vate  Land  Claims.    Messrs.  Williams  (chairman),  Howard,  Ferry,  Norton,  and  Bayard. 

Indian  Affairs.  Messrs.  Henderson  (chairman),  Morrill,  (Me.),  Ross,  Corbett,  Thayer,  Buck- 
alew,  and  Doolittle. 

Pensions.  Messrs.  Van  Winkle  (chairman),  Edmunds,  Trumbull,  Fowler,  Tipton,  Davis,  and 
Bayard. 

Revolutionary  Claims.  Messrs.  Nye  (chairman),  Chandler,  Howe,  Patterson,  (Tenn.),  and 
Conness. 

Claims.  Messrs.  Howe  (chairman),  Willey,  Frelinghuysen,  Howard,  Morrill,  (Vt.),  Cole,  and 
Davis. 

District  of  Columbia.  Messrs.  Harlan  (chairman),  Sumner,  Henderson,  Willey,  Patterson, 
(N.  H.),  Corbett,  and  Patterson,  (Tenn.) 

Patents  and  the  Patent  Office.  Messrs.  Willey  (chairman),  Sherman,  Thayer,  Ferry,  and 
Norton. 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  Messrs.  Fessenden  (chairman),  Trumbull,  Grimes,  Ferry, 
and . 

Territories.    Messrs.  Yates  (chairman),  Nye,  Cragin,  Fowler,  Ramsey,  Ferry,  and  Davis. 

Pacific  Railroad.  Messrs.  Howard  (chairman),  Sherman,  Morgan,  Conness,  Ramsey,  Stewart, 
Wilson,  Harlan,  and  Drake. 

Audit  and  Control  the.  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate.  Messrs.  Cragin  (chairman),  Drake, 
and  Buckalew. 

Engrossed  Sills.    Messrs.  Fowler  (chairman),  Sumner.  and  Norton. 

Mines  and  Mining.  Messrs.  Conness  (chairman),  Stewart,  Chandler,  Anthony,  Yates,  Conk- 
ling,  and  Saulsbury. 

SELECT  COMMITTEE  OP  THE  SENATE. 

Committee  on  Revising  the  Rules  of  the  Senate.  Messrs.  Anthony  (chairman),  Pomeroy,  and 
Edmunds. 

JOINT  STANDING  COMMITTEES  ON  THE  PART  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Printing.    Messrs.  Anthony  (chairman),  Ross,  and . 

Unrolled  Bills.    Messrs.  Ross  (chairman),  Patterson,  (N.  H.),  and  Dixon. 
The  Library.    Messrs.  Morgan  (chairman),  Howe,  and  Fesseuden. 

JOINT  SELECT  COMMITTEES  ON  THE  PART  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Retrenchment.    Messrs.  Edmunds  (chairman),  Williams,  Patterson,  (N.  H.),  and  Buckalew. 

Revise  and  Fix  the  Pay  of  the  Officers  of  the  Two  Houses.  Messrs.  Fessenden  (chairman), 
Sherman,  and  Buckalew. 

Examine  the  Accounts  for  Furnishing  the  Executive  Mansion.  Messrs.  Harlan  (chairman),  and 
Norton. 

Ordnance.    Messrs.  Howard  (chairman),  Cameron,  and  Drake. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Chaplain Rev.  Edgar  H.  Gray,  D.  D. 

Messengers Charles  N.  Richards, 

George  S.  Wagner. 

Sergeant-at-Arms George  T.  Brown. 

Postmaster J,  M.  Edmunds. 

Superintendent  of  Document  Room Moses  Titcomb. 

Superintendent  of  Folding  Room -. L.  D.  Merchant. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


HOUSE  OF 

Speaker  of  the  House 

Clerk  of  tlie  House 


REPRESENTATIVES. 

SCHUYLER  COLFAX. 

EDWARD  McPiiEKSoN. 


ALABAMA. 

1.  Francis  W.  Kellogg Mobile. 

2.  Charles  W.  Buckley.  ...Hayuesvillc. 
8.  Benjamin  W.  Norris Montgomery, 

4.  Charles  W.  Pierce Demopolis. 

5.  John  B.  Callis Huntsville. 

6.  Thomas  Haughey Decatur. 

ARKANSAS. 
1.  Logan  II.  Roots 


3.  Thomas  Boles 

CALIFORNIA. 

1.  Samuel  B.  Axtell San  Francisco. 

2.  William  Higby Calaveras. 

3.  James  A.  Johnson Downieville. 

CONNECTICUT. 

1.  Richard  D.  Hubbard Hartford. 

2.  Julius  Hotchkiss Midclletown. 

3.  Henry II.  Starkweather. Norwich. 

4.  Win.  H.  Barnuin Lakeville. 

DELAWABE. 
1.  John  A.  Nicholson Dover. 

FLORIDA. 
1.  Charles  M.Hamilton... 

GEORGIA. 

1.  J.  W.  Clift Savannah. 

2.  Nelson  Tift 

3.  W.  P.  Edwards. 

4.  Samuel  F.  Goye Griswoldsville. 

5.  Charles  H.  Prince Augusta. 

6.  John  H.  Christy 

7.  P.  M.  B.  Young 

ILLINOIS. 

1.  Norman  B.  Judd Chicago. 

2.  John  F.  Farnsworth St.  Charles. 

3.  Elihu  B.  Washburne. . .  .Galena. 

4.  Abner  C.  Harding Monmouth. 

5.  Ebon  C.  Ingersoll Peoria. 

6.  Burton  C.  Cook Ottawa. 

7.  Henry  P.  H.  Brom well.. Charleston. 

8.  Shelby  M.  Cullom Springfield. 

9.  Lewis  W.  Ross Lewiston. 

10.  Albert  G.  Burr Winchester. 

11.  Samuel  S.  Marshall McLeansboro. 

12.  Jehu  Baker Belleville. 

13.  Green  B.  Raum Harrisburg. 

14.  John  A.  Logan Carbondale. 

INDIANA. 

1.  William  E.  Niblack Vincennes. 

2.  Michael  C.  Kerr New  Albany. 

3.  Morton  C.  Hunter Bloomington. 

4.  William  S.  Holman Aurora. 

B.  George  W.Julian Centreville. 

6.  John  Coburn Indianapolis. 

7.  Henry  D.  Washburn Clinton. 

8.  Godlove  S.  Orth Lafayette. 

9.  Schuyler  Colfax South  Bend. 

10.  William  Williams Warsaw. 

11.  John  P.  C.  Shanks Jay  Court  House. 

IOWA. 

1.  James  F.  Wilson Fail-field. 

2.  Hiram  Price Davenport. 

8.  William  B.  Allison Dubuque. 


4.  William  Loughridge Oskalqosa. 

5.  Grenville  M.  Dodge Council  Bluffs. 

6.  Asahel  W.  Hubbard Sioux  City. 

KANSAS. 

1.  Sidney  Clark Lawrence. 

KENTUCKY. 

1.  Lawrence  S.  Trimble. .  .Paducah. 

2.  

3.  John  S.  Golladay Allensville. 

4.  J.  Proctor  Kuott Lebanon. 

5.  Asa  P.  Grover Louisville. 

6.  Thomas  L.  Jones Newport. 

7.  James  B.  Beck Lexington. 

8.  George  M.  Adams Barbourville. 

9.  Samuel  McKee 

LOUISIANA. 

1.  J.  H.  Sypher New  Orleans. 

2.  

3.  Joseph  P.  Newsham WTest  Feliciana. 

4.  Michael  Vidall St.  Landry. 

5.  Win.  Jasper  Blackburn. Homer. 

MAINE. 

1.  John  Lynch Portland. 

2.  Sidney  Perham Paris. 

3.  James  G.  Blaine Augusta. 

4.  John  A.  Peters Bangor. 

5.  Frederick  A.  Pike Calais. 

MARYLAND. 

1.  Hiram  McCullough Elkton. 

2.  Stevenson  Archer Belair. 

3.  Charles  E.  Phelps Baltimore. 

4.  Francis  Thomas Frankville. 

5.  Frederick  Stone Port  Tobacco. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1.  Thomas  D.  Eliot New  Bedford. 

2.  Oakes  Ames North  Easton. 

3.  Ginery  Twichell Brookline. 

4.  Samuel  Hooper Boston. 

5.  Benjamin  F.  Butler Gloucester. 

6.  Nathaniel  P.  Banks Waltham. 

7.  George  S.  Boutwell Groton. 

8.  John  D.  Baldwin Worcester. 

9.  William  B.  Washburn.. Greenfield. 
10.  Henry  L.  Dawes Pittsneld. 

MICHIGAN. 

1.  Fernando  C.  Beaman. .  .Adrian. 

2.  Charles  Upson Coldwater. 

3.  Austin  Blair Jackson. 

4.  Thomas  W.  Ferry Grand  Haven. 

5.  Rowland  E.  Trowbridge.Birmingham. 

6.  John  F.  Driggs East  Saginaw, 

MINNESOTA. 

1.  William  Windom Winona. 

2.  Ignatius  Donnelly Hastings. 

MISSISSIPPI.* 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 


MISSOURI. 

William  A.  Pile St.  Louis. 

Carman  A.  Newcomb . . .  Tunnel. 


*  Not  represented  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 


1889.] 

3.  James  R.  McCormiCk. . 

4.  Joseph  J.  Gravely 

5.  John  H.  Stover 

6.  Robert  T.  Van  Horn... 

7.  Benjamin  F.  Loan 

8.  John  F.  Benjamin 

9.  George  W.  Anderson.. 


HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


.Stockton. 
.  Linn  Creek. 
.  Kansas  City. 
.St.  Joseph. 
.Shelbyville. 
.Louisiana. 


NEBRASKA. 

1.  John  Taffe Or. aha. 

NEVADA. 

1.  Delos  R,  Ashley Virginia  City. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

1.  Jacob  H.  Ela Rochester. 

2.  Aaron  F.  Stevens Nashua. 

3.  Jacob  Benton Lancaster. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

1.  William  Moore May's  Landing. 

2.  Charles  Haight Freehold. 

3.  Charles  Sitgreaves Philipsburg. 

4.  John  Hill Boonton. 

5.  George  A.  Halsey Newark. 

NEW  YORK. 

1.  Stephen  Taber Roslyn. 

2.  Demas  Barnes Brooklyn. 

3.  William  E.  Robinson... Brooklyn. 

4.  John  Fox New  York. 

5.  John  Morrisey New  York. 

6.  Thomas  E.  Stewart New  York. 

7.  John  W.  Chanler New  York. 

8.  James  Brooks New  York. 

9.  Fernando  Wood New  York. 

10.  William  H.  Robertson.  .Bedford. 

11.  Charles  H.  Van  Wyck..Middletown. 

12.  John  H.  Ketchum Dover. 

13.  Thomas  Cornell Rondout. 

14.  John  V.  L.  Pruyn Albany. 

15.  John  A.  Griswold Troy. 

16.  Orange  Ferriss Glenn's  Falls. 

17.  Calvin  T.  Hulburd Brasher  Falls. 

18.  James  M.  Marvin Saratoga  Springs. 

19.  William  C.  Fields..  .,..Laurens. 

20.  Addison  H.  Laflin Herkimer. 

21.  Alexander  H.  Bailey — Rome. 

22.  John  C.  Churchill Oswego. 

23.  Dennis  McCarthy Syracuse. 

24.  Theodore  M.Pomeroy.. Auburn. 

25.  William  H.  Kelsey Geneseo. 

26.  William  S.  Lincoln Binghamton. 

27.  Hamilton  Ward Belmont. 

28.  Lewis  Selye Rochester. 

29.  Burt  Van  Horn Lockport. 

30.  James  M.  Humphrey. .  .Buft'alo. 

31.  Henry  Van  Aernam Franklinville. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

1.  John  R.  French Chowan. 

2.  David  Heaton Craven. 

3.  Oliver  H.  Dockery Richmond. 

4.  John  T.  Deweeee Raleigh. 

5.  Israel  G.  Lash Forsyth. 

6.  Nathaniel  Boyden Salisbury. 

7.  Alex.  H.  Jones Buncombe. 

OHIO. 

1.  Benjamin  Eggleston Cincinnati. 

2.  Samuel  F.  Cary Cincinnati. 

3.  Robert  C.  Schenck Dayton. 

4.  William  Lawrence Bellefontaine. 

5.  William  Mungen Findlay. 

6.  Reader  W.  Clark Batavia. 

7.  Samuel  Shellabarger Springfield. 

8.  JohnBeatty 


Ralph  P.  Buckland 

James  M.  Ashley 

John  T.  Wilson 

Philadelph  Van  Trump 

Columbus  Delano 

Martin  Wclker 

Tobias  A.  Plants 

John  A.  Bingham 

EphraimR.  Eckley.... 

Rufus  P.  SpaMing 

James  A.  Garfield 


.Fremont. 

.Toledo. 

.  Tranquility. 

.Lancaster. 

.  Mount  Vernon. 

.Wooster. 

.  Pomeroy. 

.Cadiz. 

.Carroll  ton. 

.  Cleveland. 

.Hiram. 


OREGON. 

1.  Rufus  Mallory Salem. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1.  Samuel  J.  Randall Philadelphia. 

2.  Charles  O'Neil Philadelphia. 

3.  Leonard  Myers Philadelphia. 

4.  William  D.  Kelley Philadelphia. 

5.  Caleb  N.  Taylor Bristol. 

6.  Benjamin  M.  Boyer Norristown. 

7.  John  M.  Broomall Media. 

8.  J.  Lawrence  Getz Reading. 

9.  O.  J.Dickey 

10.  Henry  L.  Cake Tamaqua. 

11.  Daniel  M.  Van  Auken.  .Milford. 

12.  George  W.  Woodward. .  Wilkesbarre. 

13.  Ulysses  Mercur Towanda. 

14.  George  F.  Miller Lcwisburg. 

15.  Adam  J.  Glossbrenner..York. 

16.  William  H.  Koontz Somerset. 

17.  Daniel  J.  Morrell Johnstown. 

18.  Stephen  F.  Wilson Wellsboro. 

19.  Glenni  W.  Scofield Warren. 

20.  S.  Newton  Pettis Meadville. 

21.  John  Covode Lockport. 

James  K.  Moorhead Pittsburgh. 

23.  Thomas  Williams Pittsburgh. 

>4.  George  V.  Lawrence — Monongahela  City. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  Thomas  A.  Jenckes Providence. 

2.  Nathan  F.  Dixon Westerly. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

1.  Benj.  F.  Whittemore.  ..Darlington. 

2.  C.  C.  Bowen Charleston. 

3.  Simeon  Corley Leximrton. 

4.  James  H.  Goss Unionville. 

TENNESSEE. 

1.  Roderick  R.  Butler Tayloryille. 

2.  Horace  Maynard Knoxville. 

3.  William  B.  Stokes Liberty. 

4.  James  Mullins Shelbyville. 

5.  John  Trimble Nashville. 

6.  Samuel  M.  Arnell Columbia. 

7.  Isaac  R.  Hawkins Huntingdon. 

8.  David  A.  Nunn Brownsville. 


TEXAS.* 


VIEGINIA.* 


*  Not  represented  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 


76 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


VERMONT. 

1.  Fred.  E.  Woodbridge...Vergennes. 

2.  Luke  P.  Poland * St.  Johnsbury. 

3.  Worthingtou  C.  Smith.. St.  Albans. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

1.  Chester  D.  Hubbard. . .  .Wheeling.    ' 

2.  Bcthuel  M.  Kitchen Martinsburg. 

3.  Daniel  Polsley Point  Pleasant. 


WISCONSIN. 

1.  Halbert  E.  Paine Milwaukie. 

2.  Benjamin  F.  Hopkins.. Madison. 

3.  Amasa  Cobb Mineral  Point. 

4.  Charles  A.  Eldridge Fond  du  Lac. 

5.  Philetus  Sawyer Oshkosh. 

6.  C.  C.  Washburn La  Crosse. 


DELEGATES  FROM  TERRITORIES. 


ARIZONA. 

Coles  Bashford Tucson. 

COLORADO. 

George  M.  Chilcott Excelsior. 

DAKOTA. 

Walter  A.  Burleigh Yancton. 

IDAHO. 
E.  D.  Holbrook Boise  City. 


MONTANA. 

James  M.  Cavanaugh Helena. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Charles  P.  Clever 

UTAH. 

William  H.  Hooper Salt  Lake  City. 

WASHINGTON. 
Alvan  Flanders Walla  Walla. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOUSE.* 

Elections.  Messrs.  Dawes  (chairman),  Scofield,  Upson,  Shellabarger,  McClurg,  Cook,  Poland, 
Chanler,  and  Kerr. 

Ways  and  Means.  Messrs.  Schenck  (chairman),  Hooper,  Moorhead,  Allison,  Griswold,  Logan, 
Maynard,  Brooks,  and  Niblack. 

Appropriations.  Messrs.  Washburne,  (111.),  (chairman),  Spalding,  Elaine,  Beaman,  Butler, 
(Mass.),  Kelsey,  Phelps,  and  Nicholson. 

Banking  and  Currency.  Messrs.  Pomeroy  (chairman),  Hooper,  Buckland,  Lynch,  Hubbard, 
(W.  Va.),  Judd,  Coburn,  Randall,  and  Barnes. 

Pacific  Railroad.  Messrs.  Price  (chairman),  Higby,  Donnelly,  Clarke,  (Kan.),  Mallory,  Ames, 
Covode,  Pruyn,  and  Van  Trump. 

Claims.  Messrs.  Bingham  (chairman),  Washburn,  (Mass.),  Ward,  Holman,  Harding,  Cobb, 
Mercur,  Stokes,  and  Hubbard,  (Conn.) 

Commerce.  Messrs.  Washburne  (111.),  (chairman),  Eliot,  Dixon,  O'Neill,  Eggleston,  Hum 
phrey,  Sawyer,  Robertson,  and  Axtell. 

Public  Lands.  Messrs.  Julian  (chairman),  Driggs,  Glossbrenner,  Donnelly,  Eckley,  Anderson, 
Ashley,  (Nevada,)  Hopkins,  and  Taber. 

Post-  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Messrs.  Farnsworth  (chairman),  Ferry,  Lawrence,  (Penn.),  Clarke, 
(Ohio,)  Lincoln,  Lynch,  Hill,  Fox,  and  Johnson. 

District  of  Columbia.  Messrs.  Ingersoll  (chairman),  Welker,  Baldwin,  McCullough,  Koontz, 
Wood,  Williams,  (Ind.),  Halsey,  and  Van  Horn,  (N.  Y.) 

Judiciary.  Messrs.  Wilson  (Iowa,)  (chairman),  Boutwell,  Thomas,  Williams,  (Penn.),  Wood- 
bridge,  Lawrence,  (Ohio,)  Churchill,  Marshall,  and  Eldridge. 

Revolutionary  Claims.  Messrs.  Ward  (chairman),  Stevens,  (N.  H.),  Nunn,  Trowbridge,  Law 
rence,  (Ohio,)  Polsley,  Robertson,  Eldridge,  and  Van  Auken. 

Public  Expenditures.  Messrs.  Hulburd  (chairman),  Broomall,  Hubbard,  (Iowa,)  Plants,  Brom- 
well,  Cobum,  Peters,  Taber,  and  Getz. 

Private  Land  Claims.  Messrs.  Orth  (chairman),  Loughridge,  Woodbridge,  Woodward,  Trim 
ble,  (Tenn.),  Bailey,  Benton,  and  Stone. 

Manufactures.  Messrs.  Morrell  (chairman),  Ames,  Sawyer,  Smith,  Selye,  Moore,  Laflin, 
Barnum,  and  Van  Trump. 

Agriculture.  Messrs.  Trowbridge  (chairman),  Lawrence,  (Penn.),  Ross,  Newcomb,  Fields, 
Wilson,  (Ohio,)  Loughridge,  Kitchen,  and  Johnson. 

Indian  Affairs.  Messrs.  Windom  (chairman),  Hubbard,  (Iowa,)  Clarke,  (Kan.),  Ross,  Van 
Horn,  (Mo.),  Scofield,  Shanks,  Taffe,  and  Mungen. 

Military  Affairs.  Messrs.  Garfield  (chairman),  Pile.,  Ketcham,  Washburn,  (Ind.),  Dodge, 
Raum,  Hawkins,  Sitgreaves,  and  Boyer. 

Militia,,  Messrs.  Paine  (chairman),  Harding,  Buckland,  Banks,  Gravely,  Blair,  Shanks,  Adams, 
and  Van  Auken. 

Naval  Affairs.  Messrs.  Pike  (chairman),  Kelley,  Twichell,  Stewart,  Starkweather,  Ferry, 
Stevens,  (N.  H.),  Archer,  and  Haight. 

or  appointments  to  fill  vacancies  in  Committees  of  3d  Session,  see  page  262. 


1869.]  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOUSE.  77 

Foreign  Affairs.  Messrs.  Banks  (chairman),  Orth,  Cullom,  Washburn,  (Wis.),  McCarthy, 
Blair,  Myers,  Robinson,  and  Morgan. 

Territories.  Messrs.  Ashley  (Ohio,)  (chairman),  Cullom,  Marvin,  Hunter,  Taylor,  Mullins, 
Taffe,  Wood,  and  Hotchkiss. 

Revolutionary  Pensions  and  of  the  War  of  1812.  Messrs.  Loan  (chairman),  Mullins,  Price, 
Washburn,  (Mass.),  Miller,  Selye,  Washburn,  (Ind.),  Burr,  and  Morrisey. 

Invalid  Pensions.  Messrs.  Perham  (chairman),  Van  Aernam,  Benjamin,  Nunn,  Miller,  Polsley, 
Burr,  and  Fox. 

Eoads  and  Canals.  Messrs.  Cook  (chairman),  Cornell,  Wilson,  (Ohio,)  Cake,  Newcomb, 
Dodge,  McCarthy,  Kerr,  and  Barnum. 

Mines  and  Mining.  Messrs.  Higby  (chairman),  Ashley,  (Nevada,)  Driggs,  Ashley,  (Ohio,) 
Ferriss,  Hunter,  Mallory,  Woodward,  and  Knott. 

Freedmen's  Affairs.  Messrs.  Eliot  (chairman),  Trimble,  (Tenn.),  Loan,  Paine,  Ela,  Morrell, 
Baker,  Adams,  and  Hotchkiss. 

Education  and  Labor.  Messrs.  Baker  (chairman),  Cary,  Julian,  Boutwell,  Wilson,  (Penn.,) 
Cornell,  Gravely,  Barnes,  and  Stone. 

Coinage,  Weights  and  Measures.  Messrs.  Kelly  (chairman),  Judd,  Smith,  Ferris,  Hill,  Cary, 
and  Axtell. 

Patents.    Messrs.  Jenckes  (chairman),  Myers,  Chanler,  Bromwell,  and  Peters. 

Public  Grounds  and  Buildings.  Messrs.  Covode  (chairman),  Van  Horn,  (N.  Y.),  Cobb,  Moore, 
and  Jones. 

Revisal  and  Unfinished  Business.  Messrs.  Poland  (chairman),  Wilson,  (Iowa,)  Pomeroy, 
Windom,  and  Marshall. 

Mileage.    Messrs.  Anderson  (chairman),  Plants,  Van  Aernam,  Raum,  and  Getz. 

Accounts.    Messrs.  Broomall  (chairman),  Eckley,  Arnell,  Fields,  and  McCullough. 

Expenditures  in  the  State  Department.  Messrs.  Arnell  (chairman),  Pike,  Finney,  Clarke, 
(Ohio,)  and  Humphrey. 

Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  Department.  Messrs.  Marvin  (chairman),  Starkweather,  Taylor, 
Kitchen,  and  Robinson. 

Expenditures  in  the-  War  Department.  Messrs.  Williams  (Ind.),  (chairman),  Williams,  (Pcnn.), 
Garfield,  Phelps,  and  Golladay. 

Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department.  Messrs.  Upson  (chairman),  Dawes,  Van  Wyck, 
Thomas,  and  Glossbrenner. 

Expenditures  in  the  Post-  Office  Department.  Messrs.  Pile  (chairman),  Eggleston,  O'Neill, 
Ketcham,  and  Hubbard,  (Conn.) 

Expenditures  in  the  Interior  Department.  Messrs.  Hubbard  (W.  Va.),  (chairman),  Koontz, 
Bailey,  Twichell,  and  Morgan. 

Expenditures  on  the  Public  Buildings.  Messrs.  Washburn  (Wis.),  (chairman),  Dixon,  Van 
Horn,  (Mo.,)  Archer,  and  Grove r. 

SELECT  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOUSE. 

Rules.    The  Speaker  (chairman),  Messrs.  Washburne,  (111.),  Banks,  Elaine,  and  Brooks. 

Southern  Eailroads.  Messrs.  McClurg  (chairman),  Mercnr,  Washburn,  (Ind.),  Chauler,  and 
Sawyer. 

Education  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  Messrs.  Van  Aernam,  (chairman),  Williams,  (Ind.), 
Loughridge,  and  Archer. 

Soldiers'1  and  Sailors'  Bounties.    Messrs.  Washburn  (Ind.),  (chairman),  Paine,  and  Getz. 

Reconstruction.  Messrs.  Boutwell,  (chairman),  Bingham,  Farnsworth,  Hulburd,  Beaman, 
Paine,  Brooks,  and  Beck. 

Revision  of  Laws  of  the  United  States.  Messrs.  Poland  (chairman),  Spalding,  Jenckes,  Ferris, 
and  Woodward. 

JOINT  .STANDING  COMMITTEES  ON  THE  PAKT  OF  THE  HOUSE.     • 

Planting.    Messrs.  Lafiin  (chairman),  Ela,  and  Cake. 

Library.    Messrs.  Baldwin  (chairman),  Pruyn,  and  Spalding. 

Enrolled  Bitts.    Messrs.  Wilson  (Penn.),  (chairman),  Hopkins,  and  Holman. 

JOINT  SELECT  COMMITTEES  ON  THE  PART  OF  THE  HOUSE. 

Retrenchment.  Messrs.  Van  Wyck  (chairman),  Randall,  Welker,  Halsey,  Jenckes,  Benjamin, 
and  Ben  ton. 


78 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


fievise  and  Fix  the  Pay  of  (Tie  Officers  of  the  two  Houses.  Messrs.  Woodbridge  (chairman), 
Eckley,  and  McCullough. 

Examine  the  Accounts  for  Furnishing  the  Executive  Mansion.  Messrs.  Spalding  (chairman), 
Beaman,  and  Glossbrenner. 

Ordnance.    Messrs.  Logan  (chairman),  Bntler,  (Mass.),  and  Schenck. 

OFFICEKS  OP  THE  HOUSE. 

Chaplain Rev.  Charles  B.  Boynton,  D.  D. 

Chief  Messenger Samuel  D.  Leib. 

Librarian James  Tisdale. 

Sergeant-at-Arms N.  G.  Ordway. 

Door-keeper  of  the  House Charles  E.  Lippincott. 

Superintendent  Folding  Room Edward  Spicer. 

Superintendent  Document  Room Cyril  Hawkins. 

Postmaster William  S.  King. 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  SENATORS.* 


Wade,  Benjamin  F. 

Doolittle,  James  R. 

Howe,  Timothy  O. 

Sherman,  John 

Anthony,  Henry  B. 

Drake,  Charles  D. 

Morgan,  Edwin  D. 

Sprague,  William 

Bayard,  J.  A. 

Edmunds,  G.  F. 

Morrill,  Justin  S. 

Stewart,  William  M. 

Buckalew,  Charles  R. 

Ferry,  O.  S. 

Merrill,  Lot  M. 

Sumner,  Charles 

Cameron,  Simon 

Fesscnden,  William  P. 

Morton,  O.  P. 

Thaycr,  John  M. 

Cattell,  A.  G. 

Fowler,  J.  S. 

Norton,  Daniel  S. 

Tipton,  T.  W. 

Chandler,  Zachariah 

Frelinghuysen,  F.  T. 

Nye,  James  W. 

Trumbull,  Lyman 

Cole,  Cornelius 

Grimes,  James  W. 

Patterson,  D.  T. 

Van  Winkle,  P.  G. 

Conkling,  Roscoe 

Guthrie,  James 

Patterson,  J.  W. 

Whyte,  Win.  Pinckney 

Conness,  John 

Harlan,  James 

Pomeroy,  Samuel  C. 

Willey,  W.  T. 

Corbett,  H.  W. 

Henderson,  John  B. 

Ramsey,  Alexander 

Williams,  George  H. 

Cragin,  Aaron  H. 

Hendricks,  Thomas  A. 

Ross,  E.  G. 

Wilson,  Henry 

Davis,  Garret 

Howard,  Jacob  M. 

Saulsbury,  Willard 

Yates,  Richard 

Dixon,  James 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST 

OF  REPRESENTATIVES.* 

Colfax,  Schuyler 

Buckland,  Ralph  P. 

Ferry,  Thomas  W. 

Jenckes,  T.  A. 

Allison,  William  B. 

Burr,  A.  G. 

Fields,  W.  C. 

Jones,  T.  L. 

Adams,  G.  M. 

Butler,  B.  F. 

Finney,  D.  A. 

Johnson,  J.  A. 

Ames,  Oakes 

Butler,  R.  R. 

Fox,  J.  A. 

Judd,  N.  B. 

Anderson,  Geo.  V. 

Cake,  H.  L. 

Garfleld,  James  A. 

Julian,  George  W. 

Archer,  Stevenson 

Cary,  S.  F. 

Getz,  J.  Lawrence 

Kelley,  William  D. 

Arnell,  S.  M. 

Chanler,  John  W. 

Glossbrenner,  Adam  J. 

Kelsey,  W.  H. 

Ashley,  Delos  R. 

Churchill,  J.  C. 

Gollady,  J.  S. 

Kerr,  Michael  C. 

Ashley,  James  M. 

Clarke,  Reader  W. 

Gravely,  Joseph  J. 

Ketcham,  John  H. 

Axtell,  S.  B. 

Clarke,  Sidney 

Grover,  A.  P. 

Kitchen,  B.  M. 

Bailey,  Alexander  H. 

Cobb,  Amasa 

Griswold,  John  A. 

Koontz,  W.  H. 

Baker  Jehu 

Coburn,  John 

Haight,  C. 

Knott,  J.  P. 

Baldwin;  John  D. 

Cook,  Burton  C. 

Halsey,  G.  A. 

Laflin,  Addison  H. 

Banks,  Nathaniel  P. 

Cornell,  T. 

Harding,  Abner  C. 

Lawrence,  George  V. 

Barnes,  Demas 

Covode,  John 

Hawkins,  I.  R. 

Lawrence,  William 

Barnum,  W.  II. 

Cullom,  S.  M. 

Higby,  W. 

Lincoln,  W.  S. 

Beaman,  Fernando  C. 

Dawes,  Henry  L. 

Hill,  John 

Loan,  Benjamin  F. 

Benton,  Jacob 

Dixon,  N.  F. 

Holman,  W.  S. 

Logan,  J.  A. 

Beck,  James  B. 

Dodge,  G.  M. 

Hooper,  Samuel 

Loughridgc,  William 

Benjamin,  Jno.  F. 

D'onnelly,  Ignatius 

Hopkins,  B.  F. 

Lynch,  John 

Bingnam,  John  A. 

Driggs,  John  F. 

Hotchkiss,  J. 

Mallory,  Rums 

Blaine,  James  G. 

Ela,  J.  H. 

Hubbard,  Asahel  W. 

Marshall,  Samuel  S. 

Blair,  A. 

Eckley,  Ephraim  R. 

Hubbard,  Chester  D. 

Marvin,  James  M. 

Boutwell,  Geo.  S. 

Eggleston,  Benjamin 

Hubbard,  Richard  D. 

Maynard,  Horace 

Boyer,  Benjamin  M. 

Eldridge,  Charles  A. 

Hulburd,  Calvin  T. 

McCarthy,  D. 

Bromwell,  Henry  P.  H. 

Eliot,  Thomas  D. 

Humphrey,  James  M. 

McClurg,  Joseph  W. 

Brooks,  James 

Farnsworth,  John  F. 

Hunter,  M.  C. 

McCormick,  James  R. 

Broomall,  John  M. 

Ferries,  Orange 

Ingersoll,  Ebon  C. 

McCullough,  Hiram 

*For  additional  names  of  new  members,  3d  Session,  see  page  261. 


EXECUTIVE  GOVERNMENT. 


79 


Mercur,  Ulysses 

Pike,  Frederick  A. 

Smith,  W.  C. 

Van  Horn,  Robert  T. 

Miller,  George  F. 

Pile,  William  A. 

Spalding,  Rums  P. 

Van  Trump,  P. 

Moore,  William 

Plants,  Tobias  A. 

Starkweather,  II.  H. 

Van  Wyck,  C.  H. 

Moorhead,  James  K. 

Poland,  Luke  P. 

Stevens,  A.  F. 

Ward,  Hamilton 

Morgan,  G.  W. 

Polsley,  Daniel 

Stewart,  T.  E. 

Washburn,  C.  C. 

Morrell,  D.  J. 

Pomeroy,  Theodore  M. 

Stokes,  W.  B.      . 

Washburn,  H.  D. 

Morrisey,  John 

Price,  Hiram 

Stone,  Frederick 

Washburn,  William  B. 

Mullins,  J. 

Pruyn,  J.  V.  L. 

Taber,  Stephen 

Washburne,  Elihu  B. 

Mttngen,  W. 

Randall,  Samuel  J. 

Taffe,  John 

Welker,  Martin 

Myers,  Leonard 

Raum,  G.  B. 

Taylor,  C.  N. 

Williams,  Thomas 

Newcomb,  C.  A. 

Robertson,  W.  H. 

Thomas,  Francis 

Williams,  W. 

Niblack,  William  E. 

Robinson,  William  E. 

Trimble,  John 

Wilson,  James  F. 

Nicholson,  John  A. 

Ross,  Lewis  W. 

Trimble,  L.  S. 

Wilson,  John  T. 

Nunn,  D.  A. 

Sawyer,  Philetus 

Trowbridge,  R.  E. 

Wilson,  Stephen  F. 

O'Neill,  Charles 

Schenck,  Robert  C. 

Twichell,  Ginery 

Windom,  William 

Orth,  Godlove  S. 

Scofield,  Glenni  W. 

Upson,  Charles 

Wood,  Fernando 

Paine,  Halbert  E. 

Selye,  Lewis 

Van  Aernam,  H. 

WToodbridge,  F.  E. 

Perham,  Sidney  E. 

Shanks,  J.  P.  C. 

Van  Auken,  D.  M. 

Woodward,  G.  W. 

Peters,  John  A. 

Shellabarger,  Samuel 

Van  Horn,  Burt 

Young,  J.  D. 

Phelps,  Charles  E. 

Sitgreaves,  Charles 

EXECUTIVE  GOVERNMENT. 

The  President  is  chosen  by  Electors,  each  State  having  as  many  as  it  has 
Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress.  He  holds  office  four  years;  is 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States ;  has  power 
to  grant  pardons  and  reprieves  for  offenses  against  the  United  States ;  makes 
treaties  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate ;  nominates,  and 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  appoints  all  Cabinet,  Diplomatic,  Judicial, 
and  Executive  officers ;  has  power  to  convene  Congress,  or  the  Senate  only ; 
communicates  to  Congress  by  message  at  every  session,  the  condition  of  the 
Union,  and  recommends  such  measures  as  he  deems  expedient ;  receives  all 
Foreign  Ministers ;  takes  care  that  the  laws  are  faithfully  executed,  and  the 
public  business  transacted. 

The  Vice-President  is  chosen  by  the  Electors  at  the  same  time  and  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  President;  is  President  of  the  Senate,  and  has  the  casting 
vote  therein.  In  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  disability,  or  removal  of  the 
President,  his  powers  and  duties  devolve  upon  the  Vice-President  for  the 
residue  of  his  term.  In  case  of  the  death  of  both  the  President  and  Vice- 
President,  or  if  those  offices  for  any  reason  become  vacant,  the  President  pro 
tempore  of  the  Senate  acts  as  President  of  the  United  States,  or  if  there  be 
none,  then  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  until  a  new  election 
can  be  had,  which  must  take  place  within  thirty-four  days  preceding  th<j  first 
Wednesday  in  December  following,  provided  the  space  of  two  months  inter 
venes  between  the  date  of  the  notice  of  such  special  election  and  said  first 
"Wednesday  in  December ;  if  such  period  does  not  intervene,  then  the  election 
is  to  be  held  during  the  same  period  in  the  year  ensuing,  provided  the  term 
of  office  does  not  expire  prior  thereto.  The  notice  of  election  is  to  be  issued 
by  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  addressed  to  the  respective  Governors.  In 


80  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

cases  of  vacancy,  where  the  Vice-President  succeeds  to  the  Presidential  office, 
the  President  of  the  Senate  becomes  ex  officio  Vice-President. 

President  of  the  United  States,     -    ANDREW  JOHNSON,     Salary,  $25,000 
Private  Secretary,     -  KOBERT  JOHNSON,  "          3,500 

Vice-President  (acting),        -        -    BENJAMIN  F.  WADE,      "          8,000 

THE  CABINET. 

The  following  are  the  principal  officers  in  the  Executive  Department  of  the 
Government,  who  form  the  Cabinet : 

Secretary  of  State WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD New  York $8,000 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury HUGH  MCCULLOCH Indiana 8,000 

Secretary  of  War JOHN  M.  SCHOFIELD Illinois 8,000 

Secretary  of  the  Navy GIDEON  WELLES Connecticut 8,000 

Secretary  of  the  Interior ORVILLE  H.  BROWTCING Illinois 8,000 

Postmaster- General ALEX.  W.  RANDALL Wisconsin 8,000 

Attorney- General WILLIAM  M.  EVARTS v  .New  York 8,000 


DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE. 

This  Department,  established  July  27th,  1789,  was  originally  styled  the 
Department  of  Foreign  Aifairs,  but  its  name  was  changed  by  an  Act  of  Con 
gress  to  the  Department  of  State.  The  Secretary,  who  is  the  principal  officer 
of  the  Department,  is  charged  with  all  duties  relative  to  correspondences, 
commissions,  or  instructions  to  or  with  our  foreign  ministers  or  consuls ;  nego 
tiations  with  public  ministers  from  foreign  states  or  princes ;  and  with  such 
other  matters  respecting  foreign  aifairs  as  the  President  shall  assign  to  the 
Department.  He  is  also  charged  with  the  duty  of  receiving  and  preserving 
the  Enrolled  Acts  of  Congress,  and  with  the  publication  of  printed  copies 
of  them.  He  is  made  by  law  the  custodian  of  the  seal  of  the  United  States, 
and  it  is  his  duty  to  affix  the  said  seal  to  all  civil  commissions,  and  other 
instruments  and  acts,  whenever  he  has  the  special  warrant  of  the  President 
therefor. 

The  Diplomatic,  Branch  has  charge  of  all  correspondence  between  the  De 
partment  and  other  diplomatic  agents  of  the  United  States  abroad,  and  those 
of  foreign  powers  accredited  to  this  government. 

The  Consular  Branch  has  charge  of  the  correspondence,  etc.,  between  the 
department  and  the  consuls  and  commercial  agents  of  the  United  States. 

The  Disbursing  Agent  has  charge  of  all  matters  connected  with  accounts 
relating  to  any  fund  disbursed  by  the  department. 

The  Translator  furnishes  such  translations  as  the  department  may  require, 
and  records  the  commissions  of  consuls  and  vice-consuls,  when  not  in  English, 
upon  which  exequaturs  are  issued. 

The  Clerk  of  Appointments  and  Commissions  makes  out  and  records  com 
missions,  letters  of  appointment,  nominations  to  the  Senate,  exequaturs,  and 
records,  when  in  English,  the  commissions  on  which  they  are  issued ;  and 
has  charge  of  the  Library. 


1869.] 


INTERCOUESE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


81 


The  Cleric  of  Nolls  and  Archives  takes  charge  of  the  enrolled  acts  and  reso 
lutions  of  Congress,  as  they  are  received  from  the  President ;  prepares  authen 
ticated  copies  thereof;  superintends  their  publication,  and  that  of  treaties ; 
attends  to  their  distribution,  and  that  of  all  documents  and  publications  in 
regard  to  which  this  duty  is  assigned  to  the  department ;  writing  and  answer 
ing  all  letters  connected  therewith ;  and  has  charge  of  all  Indian  treaties, 
and  business  relating  thereto. 

The  Clerk  of  Authentications  has  charge  of  the  seals  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  department,  and  prepares  and  attaches  certificates  to  papers  pre 
sented  for  authentication;  receives  and  accounts  for  the  fees;  and  records  all 
letters  from  the  department,  other  than  the  diplomatic  and  consular, 

The  Clerk  of  Pardons  and  Passports  prepares  and  records  pardons  and  re 
missions,  and  registers  and  files  the  papers  on  which  they  are  founded,  and 
makes  out  and  records  passports. 

CHIEF  OFFICERS  IN  STATE  DEPARTMENT. 


Secretary  of  State 

Assistant  Secretary  of  Slate. 


.WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD $8,000 

.FREDERICK  W.  SEWARD 3,500 

.WILLIAM  HUNTER 3,500 

.E.  PESHINE  SMITH 3,000 

.R,  S.  CHILTON 2,500 

.ROBERT  S.  CHEW 2,200 

.GEORGE  E.  BAKER 2,000 

.F.  JEFFERSON 1,800 

.H.  D.  J.  PRATT 1,800 

t;     CHARLES  W.  DAVIS 1,800 

Consular  Clerk JASPER  SMITH 1,800 

"    A.  H.  CLEMENTS 1,200 

Passport  Clerk A.  TUNSTALL  WELCH 1,800 

Appointment  Ckrk GEORGE  BARTLE 1,800 


Examiner  of  Claims 

Commissioner  of  Immigration 

Chief  Clerk 

Disbursing  Clerk 

Keeper  of  the  Rolls 

Diplomatic  Clerk , 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS.* 

Ministers  and  other  Diplomatic  Agents  of  the  United  States  in  Foreign 
Countries  are  paid  by  salaries,  and  the  outfit  is  abolished.  Secretaries  of 
Legation  are  authorized  in  each  country  where  there  is  a  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  or  Minister  Resident.  Assistant  Secretaries  are  authorized  at  London 
and  Paris. 


ENVOYS  EXTRAORDINARY  AND  MINISTERS  PLENIPOTENTIARY. 


NAME. 

Whence  Appointed. 

Foreign  Country. 

Capital. 

Date  of 
Appointment. 

Salary. 

Rcvercly  Johnson 

Maryland  .... 
New  York.... 
Kentucky  
N.  Hampshire 
New  York.... 
Pennsylvania 
Vermont  
California  
Ohio  . 

England.  .     .  . 
France  
Russia  . 

London  
Paris  

St.  Petersburg 
Madrid  
Berlin  
Vienna  
Florence  
Pekin  
Mexico  
Rio  dc  Janeiro 
Santiago  
Lima  

1868 

1866 
1803 
1865 
1867 
1868 
1861 
1868 
1868 
1861 
1865 
1865 

$17,500* 

17.500' 
12rOOO> 
12,000' 
12,000 
12rOOO> 
12,QOO< 
12,000 
12,000- 
12,000 
10,000 
10,000 

John  A.  Dix  

Cassius  M.  Clay.  .  . 
John  P.  Hale. 

Spain  
Prussia  .  . 
Austria.. 
Italy  
China  . 

George  Bancroft  
Henry  M.  Watts  
George  P.  Marsh 

J.  Ross  Browne  
Wm.  S.  Rosecrans  

Mexico 

Jas.  Watson  Webb  
Judson  Kilpatrick. 
Alvin  P.  Hovey  '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

New  York..  .  .  Brazil  
New  Jersey..  Chili  
Indiana  Peru  

*  Corrected  at  State  Department,  October,  1868. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


SECRETARIES  OF  LEGATION. 


NAME. 

Whence  Appointed. 

Foreign  Country. 

Capital. 

Date  of 
Appointment. 

Salary. 

Benjamin  Moran 

Pennsylvania 

England 

London  . 

1804 

$2,625 

Wickham  Hoffman. 

Louisiana  .  .  . 

France  

Paris  

1865 

2,025 

Jeremiah  Curtin  

Wisconsin  

Russia  

St.Petersburg 

1864 

1,800 

H  J  Perry 

N  Hampshire 

Spain 

Madrid  .. 

1801 

1,800 

Alexander  Bliss 

New  York.. 

Prussia  

Berlin  

1807 

1,800 

John  Hay  .  .  . 
H  P  Hay 

Illinois  
Tennessee 

Austria  
Italy  . 

Vienna  
Florence 

1807 
1868 

1,800 
1.800 

S  Wells  Williams 

Mass 

China 

Pckin 

1855 

5,000 

Edward  L  Plumb 

New  York.. 

Mexico.  .. 

Mexico  

1806 

1,800 

Brazil 

RiodcJaneiro 

1.800 

Chili  

Santiago  

1,500 

H.  M.  Brent  

Peru  

Lima  

iSG7 

1,500 

ASSISTANT  SECRETARIES  OF  LEGATION. 


NAME. 

Whence  Appointed. 

Foreign  Country, 

Capital. 

Date  of 
Appointment. 

Salary. 

Edward  C  Johnson 

Maryland 

England..  .  . 

London  

1868 

$1,500 

JohnW.Dix  

New  York  

France  

Paris  

1807 

1,500 

MINISTERS  RESIDENT. 


NAME. 

Whence  Appointed. 

Foreign  Country. 

Capital. 

Date  of 
Appointment. 

Salary. 

George  H.  Ycaman  
Jos  J  Bartlett 

Kentucky  
New  York.... 
Kansas  
Connecticut.  . 
Pennsylvania 
Dist.  Col  
Colorado  
Connecticut.  . 
Pennsylvania 
New  York..  .  . 
New  York  
New  York  
West  Virginia 
Iowa  
Kentucky.   .. 
Michigan..  .. 
Kentucky.   .. 
Indiana  

Denmark  
Sw'n&Nor'y. 
Netherlands.. 
Belgium  
Portugal  
Switzerland.  . 
Hawaiian  Isl  . 
Hayti  

Copenhagen.. 
Stockholm  .. 
The  Hague  .  . 
Brussels  .  . 
Lisbon  
Berne  
Honolulu  
Por  tau  Prince 
Consta'nople 
Athens  
Yedo.  
Nicaragua  
S?n  Jose  
Guatemala  .  .  . 
Comayagua  .  . 
San  Salvador. 
Bogota  
Caracas  
Quito  
Buenos  Ayres 
La  Paz 

1805 
1807 
1800 
1801 
1801 
1805 
1800 
1808 
1801 
1808 
1806 
1803 
1808 
1800 
1800 
1800 
1807 
1867 

isr,7 

1868 
1868 

1806 

1808 

$7.500 

7,500 
7,500 
7,500 

7,500 

7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7.500 
7.500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
7,500 
4,000 

Hu^h  Ewing  

Henry  S.  Sanford  
James  E  Harvey. 

George  Harrington 

Edward  M.  McCook  
Gideon  H.  Hollister  
Edward  Joy  Morris  

Turkey  
Greece 

Chas.  K.  Tuckerman  
R  Van  Valkeiibnr<rh 

Japan  
Nicaragua  
Costa  Rica... 
Guatemala  .  .  . 
Honduras  .... 
Salvador  
New  Granada 
Venezuela  .  .  . 
Ecuador  
Arg.  Confed.. 
Bolivia  
Paraguay  
Liberia  
Uraguay  

Andrew  B.  Dickinson  
J.  B.  Blair  
Fitz  Henry  Warren  
Richard  II.  Rousseau  
Alpheus  S.  Williams  
Peter  J.  Sullivan  

Thomas  N.  Stillwell  

il  G  Worthington 

Nebraska  .   .  . 
Ohio  
California  
Ohio  

John  W.  Caldwell  
M   S  McMahon  

Asuncion  
Monrovia  

John  Seys  

H.  G.  Worthington  

Nebraska  

CONSULAR  OFFICERS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  WITH  THE  PLACES  OF  THEIR 

OFFICIAL  RESIDENCE  ALPHABETICALLY  ARRANGED. 

All  not  marked  thus  (*)  are  at  liberty  to  transact  business;  C.  G.,  Consul  General;  V.  C.  G., 
Vice  Consul  General ;  C.,  Consul ;  V.  C.,  Vice  Consul ;  C.  A.,  Consular  Agent ;  Com.  A.,  Com- 
mercia^l  Agent;  V.  C.  A.,  Vice  Commercial  Agent;  A.  C.  A.,  Agent  of  Commercial  Agent. 


Aberdeen,  Scotland.. .  .Alex.  Brand,  C.  A. 

*Acapulco,  Mexico J.  A.  Sutlerch,  Com.  A. 

Adelaide,  Austria J.  W.  Smith,  C.  A. 

Aden,  East  Indies Wm.  H.  Nichols,  C.  A. 

Adra,  Spain Ramon  Medina,  C.  A. 

Adrianople,  Turkey.. .  .T.  E.  Blunt,  C.  A. 
Aguadilla,  P.  R Ed.  Kopisch,  C.  A. 


Aguas  Calientes,  Mex..M.  Metcalf,  C. 

Aintab,  Syria S.  de  Picciotto,  C.  A. 

*Aix  la  Chapelle,  Prus.W.  H.  Vesey,  C. 

"    ...  Chas.  E.  Dahmen,  V.  C. 

Akyab,  Bengal James  Dickie,  C.  A. 

Albany,  Australia Henry  K.  Toll,  C.  A. 

Aleppo,  Syria J.  de  Piccioto,  C.  A. 


1869.] 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


83 


Alexandretta,  Syria — M.  Lcvi,  C.  A. 
*Alcxandria,  Egypt. . .  .C.  Hale,  C.  G. 

*Algiers,  Africa E.  L.  Kingsbury,  C. 

Alicante,  Spain W.  L.  Giro,  C. 

Almeria,  Spain F.  P.  Roman,  C.  A. 

Altona,  Prussia W.  Marsh,  C. 

"  "       John  A.  Seviers,  V.  C. 

Amherstburg,  Canada..Jos.  Templetou,  C.  A. 

Amoor  River,  Asia P.  McD. Collins, Com.A. 

"    ....H.  W.  Killer,  V.C.  A. 

*Amoy,  China C.  W.  LeGendre,  C. 

"      W.  P.  Jones,  V.  C. 

*  Amsterdam,  Neth Chas.  Mueller,  C. 

"     ....A.  Vinke,  V.  C. 

Ancona,  Italy C.  Ribighini,  C. 

Annapolis,  Nova  Sco..W.  R.  Ruggles,  C.  A. 
Antigua,  W.  I H.  A.  Arrindell,  Com.A. 

*  Antwerp,  Belgium John  Wilson,  C. 

Apia,  Navigator's  Isl,  .J.  M.  Coe,  Com.  A. 

Archangel,  Russia E.  Brandt,  C. 

Areccibo,  P.  R F.  Fernandez,  C.  A. 

Arica,  Peru John  T.  Lansing,  C. 

Arichat,  Cape  Breton.  .J.  G.  McKean,  C.  A. 
*Aspinwall,  U.S.of  Col.F.  W.  Rice,  C. 

"  "        u       Tracy  Robinson,  V.  C. 

Asuncion,  Paraguay..  .R.  C.  Yates,  C. 

Athens,  Greece C. 

Augsburg,  Bavaria W.  Colvin  Brown,  C. 

"  "      Max  Obermayer,  V.  C. 

Aux  Caves,  Hayti J.  DeLong,  C. 

Aveiro,  Portugal H.  L.  Feurheerd,  C.  A. 

Bahia,  Brazil R.  A.  Edes,  C. 

Bamberg,  Bavaria Paul  J.  Weber,  C.  A. 

*Ban<rkok,  Siam J.  M.  Hood,  C. 

"    N.  A.  Macdonald,  V.  C. 

Baracoa,  Cuba P.  E.  Alayo,  C.  A. 

Barbadoes Jos.  G.  Morton,  C. 

"          D.  C.  DaCosta,  V.  C.  . 

*Barcelona,  Spain J.  A.  Little.  C. 

"  "    Manuel  Casajemas,V.C. 

Venezuela.  .H.  Baiz,  V.  C. 

Barmen,  Prussia J.  H.  Albers,  C.  A. 

Barrington,  N.  S G.  Robertson,  C.  A. 

*Basle,  Switzerland.... A.  L.  Wolf,  C. 

Bassein,  India. J.  Henderson,  C.  A. 

Basse  Terra,  Guadrpe.A.  Lacoar,  C.  A. 

Batavia,  Java S.  HIgginson,  Jr.,  C. 

Bathurst,WestC.ofAf..Thos.  Brown,  C. 

David  W.E.Brown,V.C. 
Bay  of  Islands,  N.  Z..  .W.  G.  Wright,  Com.  A. 

Bayonne,  France Gersam  Leon.  C.  A. 

Beaumaris,  Wales Robert  R.  Jones,  C.  A. 

Bedeque,  Prince  Ed.  Is.J.  C.  Pope,  C.  A. 

*Beirut,  Syria J.  A.  Johnson,  C.  G. 

"          "     H.  E.Thompson,V.C.G. 

Belem,  Portugal T.  M.  Besoney,  C.  A. 

^Belfast,  Ireland Thos.  K.  King,  C. 

"       Hugh  Creighton,  V.  C. 

*Belize,  Honduras Com.  A. 

A.  C.  Prindle,  V.  C.  A. 

Belleville,  Canada J.  W.  Carman,  C.  A. 

Bergen,  Norway H.  J.  Lockwood,  C. 


Berlin,  Prussia H.  Krcismann,  C. 

Bermuda,  W.  I C.  M.  Allen,  C. 

Bermuda,  W.  I C.  F.  Allen,  V.  C. 

Bilbao,  Spain Lorenzo  Dahl,  C. 

"     Ed.  Aznar,  V.  C. 

Birmingham,  England. Elihu  Burritt,  C.  A. 

Bissao,  Africa C. 

Black  River,  Jamaica. .  J.  W.  Leyden,  C.  A. 

Bogota,  U.  S.  of  Col. .  .G.  C.  Crane,  C. 

Bombay,  Bengal G.  A.  Kittredge,  C. 

Bonaire,  W.  I W.  E.  Boye,  C.  A. 

*Bordeaux,  France W.  E.  Gleeson,  C. 

....Victor  Olgioti,  V.  C. 

Bornholm,  Denmark. .  .T.  H.  Ronne,  C.  A. 

*Boulogne,  France J.  de  le  Montagnie,  C. 

"         Jos.  Fontaine,  V.  C. 

Bradford,  England Geo.  M.  Towle,  Com.  A. 

"  "       J.  L.  Raymond,  V.C.A. 

Brake,  Oldenburg B.  Muller,  C.  A. 

Brantford,  Canada G.  C.  Baker,  C.  A. 

Brava,  Verde  Isl J.  J.  Nunes,  C.  A. 

*Bremen,  Germany  —  George  S.  Dodge,  C. 

Bremerhaven,  Ger F.  W.  Specht,  C.  A. 

Brest,  France J.  M.  Kerros,  C.  A. 

*Brindisi,  Italy F.  B.  Huchting,  C. 

"    Theo.  Titi,  V.  C. 

Brunn,  Austria G.  Schoeller,  C.  A. 

Bristol,  England Z.  Eastman,  C. 

"      G.  Whitewell,  V  C. 

Brunai,  Borneo C. 

"      J.  W.  Hoes,  V.  C. 

Brunswick,  Germany.. W.  W.  Murphy,  C. 
..E.  Breuil,V.C. 

Brussels,  Belgium C. 

"        Aaron  Goodrich,  V.  C. 

Bucharest,  Turkey L.  J.  Czapkay,  C. 

Buenaventura,  U.  S.  of 
Col J.  M.  Eder.  C. 

*Buenos  Ayres,  Ar.  Rp.M.  E.  Hollister,  C. 

Brixham,  England E.  Vittery,  C.  A. 

Cacilhas,  Portugal D.  Affonco,  C.  A. 

*Cadiz,  Spain R.  F.  Farrell,  C. 

Cagliari,  Italy E.  Pernis,  C.  A. 

Caipha,  Syria J.  Nasrallah,  C.  A. 

Cairo,  Egypt G.  C.  Taylor,  C. 

" Felix  Walmass,  V.  C. 

Calais.  France J.  P.  Vendroux,  C.  A. 

Calamar,  IT.  S.  of  Col..  J.  D.  Sanchez,  C.  A. 

"•Calcutta,  Bengal N.  P.  Jacobs,  C.  G. 

"     Chas.  H.  Bailey,  V.C.G. 

Caldera,  Chili A.  Seiwertz,  C.  A. 

*Callao,  Peru J.  H.  McColley,  C. 

Caminha,  Portugal A.  M.  Rua,  C.  A. 

Campeachy,  Mexico  ...  C. 

*Canea,Is.ofCrete,Tur.W.  J.  Stillman,  C. 
"   E.  A.  Alexis,  V.  C. 

*Canton,  China Edward  M.  King,  C. 

Cape  Charles  and  Cha 
teau  Bay,  Labrador.  .J.  W.  Dodge,  C.  A. 

Cape  Haytien,  Hayti  . .  A  Folsom,  C. 

Cape  Town,  C.  of  G.  H. .  Geo.  Gerard,  C. 

Caracas,  Ven E.  C.  Pruyn,  Com.  A. 


84 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[18G9. 


Cardenas,  Cuba N.  Cross,  C.  A. 

Cardiff,  Wales C.  E.  Burch,  C. 

Carlisle,  England Ed.  G.  Castle,  Com.  A. 

Carlsruhe,  Baden G.  F.  Kettell,  C. 

Carrara,  Italy F.  Torry,  C. 

"    C.  Pollina,  V.  C. 

Carthagena,  Spain C.  Molina,  C. 

U.  S.  of  Col.  .A.  S.  Hanabergh,  C. 

Caseumpec,  Pr.  Ed.  Is.  C.  A. 

Catania,  Sicily A.  Peratoner,  C.  A. 

Cayenne,  Guiana C. 

Ceara,  Brazil J.  S.   de  Vasconcelles, 

C.  A. 

Cecimbra,  Portugal F.  J.  Lopez,  C.  A. 

Cette,  France L.  S.  Nahmens,  C.  A. 

Ceylon,  India G.  W.  Prescott,  Com.  A. 

Chatham  and  Newcas 
tle,  N.  B Robert  R.  Call,  C.  A. 

Che  Foo,  China. . E.  T.  Sandford,  C. 

*Chemnitz,  Saxony Henry  B.  Ryder,  C. 

Cherbourg,  France E.  Liais,  C.  A. 

Chicoutimi,  Canada —  C.  A. 

Chihuahua,  Mexico.... C.  Moye,  C. 

"      . . . .  V.  C. 

*Chin  Kiang, China. . . .  J.  L.  Kicrnan,  C. 

'"    Chas.  J.  Sands,  V.  C. 

Chittagong,  India W.  Farlie,  C.  A. 

Christiansand,  u     O.  C.  Reinhardt,  C.  A. 

Cienfuegos,  Cuba Chas.  Fox,  C.  A. 

Ciudad  Bolivar,  Ven.  ..John  Dalton,  C. 

V.  C. 

Civita  Vecchia,  Italy... G.  Marsanick,  C.  A. 

*Clifton,  Canada W.  Martin  Jones,  C. 

" V.C. 

*Coaticook,  Canada. . . .  C.  H.  Powers,  C. 

"  "      Thos.  B.  Trihey,  V.  C. 

Cobija,  Bolivia C.  Milne,  C. 

Coburg,  Canada E.  S.  Winans,  C.  A. 

Cognac,  France A.  Matuspi,  C.  A. 

Cologne,  Prussia G.  Holscher,  C.  A. 

Colombo,  Ceylon R.  Dawson,  V.  C.  A. 

Comayagua  and  Tegu 
cigalpa,  Hon W.  C.  Burchard,  C. 

Concelho  da  Boncas, 
Por A.  F.  A.  Guimaraes.C.  A. 

•"Constantinople,  Tur..J.  H.  Goodenow,  C. G. 
"  "    ...Jos.  Garguilo,V.  C.  G 

Copenhagen,  Denm'k. .  C. 

"       ..L.  A.  Hecksher,  V.  C. 

Coquimbo,  Chili C.  C.  Greene,  C. 

Corfu,  Ionian  Isles T.  Woodley,  C.  A. 

*Cork,  Ireland E.  G.  Eastman.  C. 

Corunna,  Spain A.  G.  Fuertes,  C.  A. 

Cow  Bay,  Nova  Sco. . . .  C.  Archibald,  C.  A. 

Cowes,  England T.  Harling,  C.  A. 

Crefeld,  Prussia Julius  Magnus,  C.  A. 

Cronstadt,  Russia A.  Wilkins,  C.  A. 

Crookhaven,  Ireland...  C.  A. 

Cumana,  Venezuela W.S.  Cunningham, C. A. 

Curacoa,  W.  I James  Faxon,  C. 

Curacoa,  W.  I W.  V.  E.  Horan,  V.  C. 

Cyprus,  Turkey L.  P.  di  Cesnola,  C. 


Damascus,  Syria M.  Meshaka,  C.  A. 

Dantzig,  Prussia P.  Collas,  C.  A. 

Dardanelles,  Turkey... C.  Calvert,  C.  A. 

Dartmouth,  England. ..R.  Kingston,  C.  A. 

*Demerara,  Brit.  Gui..P.  Figyelmesy,  C. 
...A.  Duff,  V.  C* 

Denia,  Spain J.  Morand,  C. 

Dieppe,  France J.  Le  Vert,  C.  A. 

Digby,  Nova  Scotia. . . .  J.  C.  Wade,  C.  A. 

Dresden.  Saxony W.  S.  Campbell.  C. 

Drontheim,  Norway J.  F.  Finne,  C.  A. 

Dublin,  Ireland W.  B.  West,  C. 

"•  "      John  Rainsford,  V.  C. 

Dundalk     "      C.  A. 

*Dundee,  Scotland J.  Smith,  C. 

Canada J.  McMillen,  C.  A. 

Dunedin,  N.  Z II.  Driver,  C.  A. 

Dunkirk,  France Henri  Lematre,  C.  A, 

Dunmore  Town,  Baha 
ma  Wm.  II.  Sears.  C.  A. 

Dunville,  Canada C.  A. 

Dusseldorf,  Prussia Henry  Louis,  C.  A. 

East  Harbor,  Turk's  Is.E.  Jones,  C.  A. 

*Elsinore,  Denmark... G.  P.  Hansen,  C. 

Espinho,  Portugal J.  J.  D' Almeida,  C.  A. 

Falmouth,  England A.  Fox,  C. 

Falmouth,  Jamaica R.  Nunes,  C.  A. 

Fano,  Denmark J.  K.  Bork,  C.  A. 

Faro,  Portugal F.  L.  Javarez,  C.  A. 

Fayal,  Azores C.  W.  Dabney,  C. 

Figueira,  Portugal C.  Laidley,  C.  A. 

Fiume,  Austria L.  Francovitch,  C.  A. 

Florence,  Italy T.  B.  Lawrence,  C.  G. 

"    J.  C.  Matteini,  V.  C.  G. 

Flores,  Azores F.  J.  M.  Henriqucs,C.A. 

Fogo,  Cape  Verde  Isl..J.  C.  Bubosa,  C.  A. 

*Foo  Chow,  China Alfred  Allen,  C. 

"          "  "      Thomas  Dunn,  V.  C. 

Fort  de  France,  Mart.  .A.  Nollct,  C.  A. 

*Fort  Erie,  Canada F.  N.  Blake,  C. 

*FrankfortontheMain  W.  W.  Murphy,  C.  G. 
"  "         Chas.  Graebe,  V.  C.  G. 

Fredericton,  N.  B S.  Barker,  C.  A. 

Frederickshaven,  Den. P.  C.  Kail,  C.  A. 

Frederickstadt,  S.  C.    W.  F.  Moore,  C.  A. 

Freeman  tie,  Australia.  T.  Pope,  C.  A. 

Freelighsburg,  Canada.G.  M.  Blodgett,  C.  A. 

*Funchal,  Madeira Chas.  A.  Leas,  C. 

Gaboon,  Africa Aug.  Perrot,  Com.  A. 

"      I.  M.  Preston,  V.  C.  A. 

Galatza,  Moldavia A.  Hartman,  C. 

"        Emil  Hartman,  V.  C. 

GalJipoli,  Italy C.  Clauson,  C.  A. 

Galway,  Ireland W.  B.  West,  C. 

Gananoque E.  E.  Abbot.  C.  A. 

Gaspe  Basin,  Canada.  .H.  Le  Bontillier,  C. 
"  V.C. 

Geestemunde,  Prus — W.  Colvin  Brown,  C. 

Gefle,  Sweden R.  Rettig,  C.  A. 

*Geneva, Switzerland.. C.  H.  Upton,  C. 

*Genoa,  Italy O.  M.  Spencer.  C. 

"   Joseph  Valeric,  V.  C. 


18(50.] 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


85 


Georgetown, Pr. Ed. Is. A.  A.  McDonald,  C.  A. 

Ghent,  Belgium C. 

"  "       D.  Levison,  V.  C. 

Gibara,  Cuba E.  R.  Codrington,  C.  A. 

*Gibraltar,  Spain II.  J.  Sprague,  C. 

Girgenti,  Italy L.  Granet,  C.  A.    . 

"Glasgow,  Scotland. . .  .Win.  L.  Duff,  C. 

"       Wm.  Cook,  V.  C. 

Gloucester,  England. .  .E.  L.  Kendall,  C.  A. 
Gluckstadt,  Denmark.. J.  S.  Schcnck,  C.  A. 

"Goderich,  Canada Thos.  Allcock,  C. 

Gonaivcs,  Hayti A.  Hilchenbach,  C.  A. 

Gottenburg,  Sweden..  .F.  K.  Bazier,  C. 

Graciosa,  Azores B.  A.  da  C.  S.  Betten- 

courtt,  C.  A. 
Grand  Bassa,  Liberia.. L.  F.  Richardson,  C.  A. 

Grand  Caymans,  Ja W.  Eden,  C.  A. 

Green  Turtle  Bay,  W.I.Uriah  Saunders,  C.  A. 

Gaudaloupe,  W.  I II.  Thionville,  C. 

Guauatanamo,  Cuba. .  .F.  Badell,  C.  A. 

Guatemala,  Gua E.  Uhl,  C. 

Guayama,  P.  R E.  M.  Verges.  C.  A. 

Guayamilla,  P.  R C.  A. 

Guayaquil,  Ecuador E.  Lee,  C. 

Guaymas,  Mexico A.  Willard,  C. 

"      J.  P.  Winegar,  V.  C. 

Guernsey,  G.  Britain.. A.  Carey,  C.  A. 
Guysborough,  N.  S....C.  II.  Franchvillc,  C.  A. 
Hakodadi,  Japan E.  E.  Rice,  C. 

"  "      N.  Emery  Rice,  V.  C. 

"Halifax,  N.  S M.  M.  Jackson,  C. 

"  "   N.  Gunnison,  V.  C. 

"Hamburg,  Germany.. S.  T.  Williams,  C. 

....Jas.  R.  Macdonald,V.C. 
Hamilton,  Bermuda...  .J.  T.  Darrell,  C.  A. 

"          Canada Daniel  R.  Boice,  C. 

"Hankow,  China G.  II.  C.  Salter,  C. 

Hammcrfest,  Norway. .  C.  A. 

Harbor  Grace,  N.  F Charles  Wills,  C.  A. 

Harburg J.  D.  Westedt,  C.  A. 

"Havana,  Cuba Alvin  Hawkins,  C.  G. 

"  u    II.R.deLaReintree,V.C.G. 

"Havre,  France D  wight  Morris,  C. 

"     J.  Hunt,  V.  C. 

Helsingfors,  Finland..  .R.  Frenckell,  V.  C. 
Hemmingford,  Canada. G.  W.  Burdick,  C.  A. 
Hesse  Cassel,  Prussia.. W.  W.  Murphy,  C. 

Hesse  Darmstadt "  "          C. 

Hesse  Hombourg.  Prus.      "  u          C. 

Hilo,  Hawaiian  Isl C. 

"     J.  Worth,  V.  C. 

HobartTown,  Tasm..  .D.  McPherson,  Jr.,  C. 

Honfleur,  France C.  Wagner,  C.  A. 

*IIon<r  Kong  China Isaac  J.  Allen,  C. 

"Honolulu,    Hawaiian 

Islands Z.  S.  Spalding,  C. 

Huddersfield.  Eng Geo.  P.  Kebler,  C.  A. 

Huelva,  Spain M.  Zafra,  C.  A. 

Hull,  England H.  J.  Atkinson,  C.  A. 

Huntingdon,  Canada...  C.  A. 

Iloilo,  Philippine  Isl...W.  B.  Loring,  C.  A. 
Inagua,  Bahamas D.  Sargent,  C.  A. 


Isle  de  Re,  France E.  L.  Roullet,  C.  A. 

Ivica,  (Island) Wm.  Wallis,  C.  A. 

Jacmel,  Hayti Chas.  Moravia,  A.  C.  A. 

Jaffa,  Turkey        ...... T.F.H.Svarenthal,  C.A. 

Jalapa,  Mexico C.  L.  Kennedy,  C.  A. 

Jeremie,  Hayti J.  Yigoureux,  A.  C.  A. 

Jersey  Island T.  Renouf,  C.  A. 

"Jerusalem,  Syria V.  Beauboucher,  C. 

" L.  M.  Johnson,  V.  C. 

"Kanagawa,  Japan Julius  Stahel,  C. 

"Kingston,  Jamaica Aaron  Gregg,  C. 

"      J.  N.  Camp,  V.  C. 

*        "        Canada S.  B.  Hance,  C. 

Kingstown,  Ireland C.A. 

*Kiu  Kiang,  China S.  S.  Gilbert,  C. 

Konigsburg,  Prussia... J.  II.  Brockman,  C.  A. 

Kurrachee,  Sinde B.  F.  Farnham,  C.  A. 

Lachine,  Canada Wm.  H.  Calvert,  C.  A. 

Lacolle,  Canada C.  A. 

Lagos,  Portugal J.  M.  Mascarenhas,C.A. 

"Laguayra,  Venezuela. C.  II.  Loehr,  C. 

Laguna,  Mexico M.  R.  Carballo,  V.  C. 

"Lahaina,  Hawaiian  Isl. E.  Perkins,  C. 

"  "         E.  P.  Adams,  V.  C. 

Lambayeque,  Peru S.  C.  Montjoy,  C. 

Lanthala,  Feejee  Isl. . .  J.  M.  Brower,  Com.  A. 
Lanzarotte,  Canary  Isl.J.  T.  Topham,  C.  A. 
La  Paz,  San  Jose,  and 
Cape  St.  Lucas,  Mex.Francis  B.  Elmer,  C. 

Do C.A.  Parsons,  V.  C. 

Las  Palmas,  Canary  Isl.F.  W.  Manly,  C.  A. 
La  Tremblade,  France.M.  Robineau,  C.  A. 
*La  Rochellc,  France.. Thos.  P.  Smith,  C. 

Latakia,  Syria S.  Vitali,  C.  A. 

La  Union,  San  Salvador.  J.  F.  Flint,  C. 

Leca,  Portugal J.  da'C.  T.  Guimaraes, 

C.  A. 

*Leeds,  England C. 

Clark  Smith,  V.  C. 

"Leghorn,  Italy J.  Hutchinson,  C. 

Leith,  Scotland John  S.  Fiske,  C. 

"         Jas.  Galloway,  V.  C. 

*Leipsic,  Saxony M.  J.  Cramer,  C. 

"      Thomas  McGee,  V.  C. 

Licata,  Italy. L.  Saito,  C.  A. 

Liege,  Belgium Arthur  Genaert,  C. 

"       V.  C, 

Limerick,  Ireland M.  R.  Ryan,  C.  A. 

Limoges.  France C.  A. 

Lingan.  N.  S F.  E.  Leaver,  C.  A. 

"Lisbon,  Portugal C.  A.  Munro,  C. 

C.F.J.  Hutchcns,V.  C. 

"Liverpool.  England... T.  H.  Dudley,  C. 
"      ....II.  Wilding,  V.C. 

Llanelly,  Wales R.  Dunkin,  C.  A. 

"London,  England F.  H.  Morse.  C. 

Londonderry,  Ireland.. A.  Henderson,  C. 

L'Orient.  France C.  A. 

Lota  and  Coroncl,  Chili  Jas.  Silvey,  C.  A. 

"Lyons.  France P.  J.  Osterhaus.  C. 

Lubcc,  Germany W.  W.  Murphy.  C. 

"  "  . .  .Wm.  Coleman,  V.  C. 


86 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


Ludwigehafen,  Baden.. S.  Sederle,  C.  A. 

Macao,  China C. 

"    Henerich  Ebell,  V.  C. 

Maceio,  Brazil J.  Borstelmann,  C.  A. 

Madras,  Brit.  India C.  A 

Maio,  Cape  Verde  Isl. .  J.  H.  Evora,  C.  A. 

*  Malaga,  Spain A.  M.  Hancock,  C. 

"   J.  R.  Geary,  V.  C. 

*Malta,  (Island) W.  Winthrop,  C. 

*Manchestcr,  England.il.  G.  Wells,  C. 
Manila,  Philippine  Isl..  J.  B.  Pierson,  C. 
J.  Russell,  V.  C. 

Manheim,  Baden L.  Stoll,  C.  A. 

Manzanillo,  Cuba M.  R.  Ecay,  C.  A. 

"  Mexico  . . .  J.  H.  Noteware,  C. 

Maracaibo,  Venezuela.  .E.  Sturmfels,  C. 

Maranham,  Brazil W.  H.  Evans,  C. 

Marsala,  Italy R.  L.  Hervey,  C.  A. 

*Marseilles,  France.... M.  F.  Conway,  C. 

«  "     Fred.  W.  Archille,  V.  C. 

Matamoras,  Mexico..  ..J.  White,  C. 

"      ....L.  Avery,  V.  C. 

*Matanzas,  Cuba H.  C.  Hall,  C. 

Maulmain,  India W.  Brooke,  C.  A. 

Mayaguez,  P.  R J.  C.  Coxe,  C.  A. 

Mazatlan,  Mexico I.  Sisson,  Com.  A. 

Medellin,  U.  S.  of  Col..  Com.  A. 

Media,  Tunisia J.  Lombroso,  C.  A. 

*Melbourne,  Australia. Geo.  R.  Latham,  C. 

Memel,  Prussia H.  Fowler,  C.  A. 

Men  tone,  France N.  Viale,  C.  A. 

Merida  and  Sisal,  Mex..R.  J.  y  Patrullo,  C. 

*Messina,  Italy F.  W.  Behn,  C. 

Mexico,  (City) John  Black,  V.  C. 

Mier,  Mexico W.  G.  Jones,  C.  A. 

Milan,  Italy W.  Clark,  C.  A. 

Milford  Haven.  Wales. A.  B.  Harries.  C.  A. 

Minatitlan,  Mexico R.  C.  M.  Hoyt,  C. 

Morales,  "      Com.  A. 

Monganui,  N.  Z C.  W.  Drury.  C.  A. 

Monrovia,  Africa John  Seys,  C.  G.  &M.R. 

Montego  Bay,  Jamaica. G.  L.  Phillips,  C.  A. 
Montevideo,  Uruguay.. J.  D.  Long,  C. 
Monterey,  Mexico. . . . .  J.  Ulrich,  C. 
•Montreal,  Canada Wm.  W.  Avcrill,  C.  G. 

"  "      Thos.F.  Wilson,  V.C.G. 

Morlaix,  France M.  Alexandre,  C.  A. 

Morpeth,  Canada C.  A. 

*Moscow,  Russia Eugene  Schuyler,  C. 

"     S.  P.  Young,  V.  C. 

MosselBay,CapeTown  E.  Eager,  C.  A. 
Mozambique,  Africa..  .Caleb  Cooke,  C. 

Mulhouse,  France August  Strohl.  C.  A. 

*Munich,  Bavaria Henry  Toomy,  C. 

*Nagasaki,  Japan W.  P.  Mangum,  C. 

u     D.  L.  Moore,  V.  C. 

Naguabo,  *P.  R W.  Haddock,  C.  A. 

Napanee.  Canada  West  Hugh  Ralston.  C.  A. 

*Nantes,  France Benjamin  Gerrish,  C. 

"      J.  Dedichen,  V.  C. 

*  Naples,  Italy Robert  L.  Matthews,  C. 

"    Robert  Rogers,  V.  C. 


ISapoleon  Vendee,  Fr..J.  W.  McClure,  C. 

Nassau,  Europe W.  W.  Murphy. 

*     "        W.I T.  Kirkpatrick.  C. 

*Newcastle,  England.. J.  II.  McChesney,  C. 

.  ..T.  P.  Orwin,  V.  C. 
Newcastle,  N.S.  Wales. G.  Mitchell,  C.  A. 
New  Chwang,  China. .  .F.  P.  Knight,  C. 

Newport,  England J.  N.  Knapp,  C.  A. 

*Nice,  France A.  O.  Aldis,  C. 

"  "     Charles  Luigi,  V.  C. 

Ningpo,  China E.  C.  Lord,  C. 

Nottingham,  England.  .F.  G.  Rawson,  C.  A. 
Nuremburg,  Bavaria.  ..Benj.  LeFevre,  C. 

Nuevitas,  Cuba R.  Gibbs,  C.  A. 

*Odessa,  Russia T.  C.  Smith,  C. 

Oldenburg,  Germany.. H.  W.  Carstens,  C. 

Old  Harbor,  Ja Moses  Bravo,  C.  A. 

Old  Hartlcpool,  Eng. .  .C.  Nielson,  C.  A. 

Olten,  Switzerland H.  Salathe,  C.  A. 

Onioa&Truxillo,Hon. .C.  R.  Follin,  C. 

*Oporto,  Portugal II.  W.  Diman,  C. 

M.  R.  Jones,  V.  C. 

Oran,  Africa Antonin  Sarrat,  C.  A. 

*Osacca  &  Iliogo,  Jap . .  T.  S.  Stewart,  C. 

Ostend,  Belgium A. Van  IseghemDuclos,C. 

Otranto,  Italy Wm.  M.  Mayo,  C. 

Ottawa,  C.  W P.  H.  Mehar,  C.  A. 

Ovar,  Portugal J.  A.  D1  Almeida,  C.  A. 

Paco  d'Arcos,  Port. . .  .F.  F.  Godinho,  C.  A. 

Padang,  Sumatra C. 

A.  Van  Gils,  V.  C. 

*Palermo,  Italy L.  Monti,  C. 

Palma,  Canary  Isl F.  P.  Laremuth,  C.  A. 

"       Majorica J.  Fiol,  C.  A. 

*Panama,  U.  S.  of  Col.T.  K.  Smith,  C. 
..J.  Hough,  V.  C. 

Para,  Brazil J.  B.  Bond,  C. 

Paraiba,  Brazil C.  A. 

Paramaribo,  Dut.  Gui.  .H.  Sawyer,  C. 
*Paris,  France John  G.  Nicolay,  C. 

"  "      Franklin  Olcott.  V.  C. 

Parnahiba,  Brazil E.  Burnett,  Com.  A. 

Paso  del  Norte,  Mex. . .  C. 

"  ...Wm.  F.  Hellen,  V.  C. 

Pau,  France G.  de  M.  Clay,  C.  A. 

Patras,  Greece F.  Fachiri,  C.  A. 

Payta,  Peru R.  M.  Columbus,  C. 

"    I.  L.  Havens,  V.  C. 

Pelotas,  Brazil B.  R.  Cordeiro,  C.  A. 

Penang,  East  Indies...  C.  A. 

*Peruambuco,  Brazil.. T.  Adamson,  Jr.,  C. 

11    .. . .  W.  H.  McGrath,  V.  C. 

Peso  de  Regra,  Port C.  A. 

Pesth,  Hungary Adolf  Klein,  C.  A. 

*Pictou,  N.  S B.  H.  Norton,  C. 

Picton,  Canada Robert  Clapp,  C.  A. 

Piedras  Negras,  Mex..W.  Schuchardt,  C.  A. 

Piraeus,  Greece Matthew  Meigs,  C. 

"•      Jonas  King,  V.  C. 

Plymouth,  England T.  W.  Fox,  C. 

*Ponce,  P.  R Peter  Minvielle,  C.  A. 

Porsgrund,  Norway Carl  J.  Craby,  C. 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


87 


Portsmouth,  England.  .Gco.  Baker,  C.  A. 
Porto  Alegre,  Brazil. .  .F.  J.  Monteiro,  C.  A. 

Port  Baltic,  Prussia C.  Kalk,  C.  A. 

Port  Bruce,  Canada C.  A. 

Port  Bui-well,     u    ....  C.  A. 

Port  Colburne,  "     C.  A. 

Port  Dover,         "     . . . .  C.  A. 

Port  Elizabeth,  Africa.  J.  L.  Flanders,  C.  A. 

Port  Hope,  Canada Thos.  P.  Jones,  C.  A. 

Port  Louis,  Mauritius.. Nicholas  Pike,  C. 

..F.  O.  Robinson,  V.  C. 
*Port  Mahon,  Minorca.II.  B.  Robinson,  C. 

Port  Natal,  Africa G.  C.  Cato,  C.  A. 

Port  au  Prince,  Hayti..H.  Conard,  V.  C.  A. 
Port  Orotava,Tencriffe  C.  A. 

Port  Rowan,  Canada. .  .Geo.  C.  Baker,  C.  A. 
*Port  Sariiia,       "      ..  .A.  W.  Dugsran,  C. 

"      ...A.  Hendricks,  V.  C. 
Port  Stanley,       "      . .  .Charles  Morrill,  C.  A. 

"         Falkland  Isl.G.  M.  Dean,  V.  Com.  A. 
Port  St.  Mary,  Spain..  .E.  Crusoe,  C.  A. 
Port   of  Sidney,  Cape 

Breton J.  P.  Ward,  C.  A. 

Porto  Plata,  Hayti F.  J.  Waldmayer,  C.  A. 

Prague,  Bohemia J.  Yon  Geitler,  C.  A. 

*Prescott,  Canada James  Weklon,  C. 

*Prince  Edward  Isl E.  P.  Scammon,  C. 

Puerto  Cabello,  Ven..  .A.  Lacombe,  C. 
Puerto  Plata,  St.  Dom.W.  Lithgow,  V.  C.  A. 

Pugwash,  N.  S H.  G.  Pineo,  C.  A. 

Pnnta  Arenas,  Costa  R.W.  Dent,  C.  A. 

"         Nicaragua. B.  S.  Cotrell,  Com.  A. 

*Quebec,  Canada Charles  Robinson,  C. 

Geo.  H.  Holt,  V.  C. 

Queensland,  Australia. J.  E.  Brown,  C.  A. 
Quibdo,  U.  S.  of  Col..  .G.  P.Gamba,  C. 

Ragged  Islands C.  A. 

Ramleh,  Syria H.  Nunkos,  C.  A. 

Rangoon,  Burmah G.  Bullock,  C.  A. 

Ravenna,  Italy John  Reichard,  C. 

Redonda,  W.  I Ed.  H.  Man,  V.  Com.  A. 

Regca,  Portugal F.  daC.  Guilherme,C.A. 

Retimo,  Isle  of  Crete.. G.  Lariacki,  C.  A. 
*Revel,  Russia H.  B.  Stacy,  C. 

«  ».     W.  Mayer,  V.  C. 

Reims,  France A.  G.  Gill,  C. 

Rhenish  Bavaria G.  F.  Kettell,  C. 

Riga,  Russia A.  Schwartz,  C. 

Ringkjobing,  Denmark  A.  C.  Hustedt,  C.  A. 
*Riode  Janeiro,  Brazil.  J.  Monroe,  C. 

H.  E.  Milford,  V.  C. 

Rio  Grande,  Brazil A.  Young,  Jr.,  C. 

RioIIacha,U.S.of  Col..N.  Danies,  C. 

M.  Meyer,  V.  C. 

Rio  Negro,  Arg.  Con. . .  C. 

Ritzebuttel    and    Cux- 

haven,  Ger G.  vonderMeden,C.  A. 

Rochefort,  France A.  G.  Brellonin,  C.  A. 

*Rome,  Italy E.  C.  Cushman,  C. 

"        "     H.  B.  Brown,  V.  C. 

Ronne,  Denmark T.  H.  Ronne,  C.  A. 

Roseau,  Dominicia  .  .Victor  Blanchard,Com.A. 


Rosario,  Arg.  Con W.Wheelwright,Com.A. 

*Rotterdam,  NetherPs.Albert  Rhodes,  C. 

"  "         A.  A.  Wambersie,  V.  C. 

Rouen,  France Louis  Guebert,  C.  A. 

Sabanilla,  U.  S.  of  Col..  E.  P.  Pellet,  Com.  A. 
Sable  d'Olonnes,  Fran.  C.  A. 

Sagua  la  Grande,  Cuba.J.  H.  Horner,  C.  A. 
Sal,  Cape  Verde  Isl. . . .  J.  J.  Vera  Cruz,  C.  A. 
Salt  Cay,  Turk's  Isl.. . .  W.  H.  Harrott,  C.  A. 

Saltillo,  Mexico J.  II.  Porter,  C.  A. 

San  Andres,  Car.  Sea. .  .P.B.Livingston,  V.C.A. 

San  Bias,  Mexico D.  Ferguson,  Com.  A. 

San  Jose,  C.  R Com.  A. 

San  Jose  do  Nortc C.  M.  V.  Araujo,  C.  A. 

San  Jose,  Mexico E.  Jallespie,  C.  A. 

San  Jose,  Peru W.  V.  Fry,  C.  A. 

San  Jose  de  Gautemala.G.  F.  Willamsen,  V.  C. 
San  Juan,  Remedios. .  .1.  Stone,  V.  C. 
*San  Juan  del  Norte,Nic.B.  S.  Cotrell,  Com.  A. 
*San  Juan  del  Stir,  Nic.R.  Mead,  C. 

"    A.  L.  Tompkins,  V.  C. 

*San  Juan,  P.  R A.  Jourdan,  C. 

"    C.  A.  Hoard,  V.  C. 

San  Luis  Potosi,  Mex. .  C. 

"  ..J.  A.  Piernas,  V.  C. 

San  Salvador E.  A.  Wright,  C. 

Santa  Cruz,  Cuba Chas.  Hugar,  C.  A. 

W.  I E.H.Perkins,  C. 

"    Robt.  A.  Finley,  V.  C. 

Santa  Martha,  U.  S.  of 

Col. F.  D.  Garcia,  Com.  A. 

Santa  Rosa,  Mexico. .  .Chas.  Schurchard,  C.  A. 

Santandcr,  Spain Louis  Gallo,  C. 

Santiago,  C.  Verde  Is..Benj.  Tripp,  Jr.,  C. 

*Santiago  de  Cuba E.  F.  Wallace,  C. 

"     J.  Badell,  V.  C. 

Santos,  Brazil C.  F.  de  Vivaldi,  C. 

"     E.  L.  Meade,  V.  C. 

Savanna  la  Mar,  Jamai.  James  Dongal,  C.  A. 
Scheidam,  Netherlands  P.  Prius,  C.  A. 
Schwerin,  Germany —  Orrin  J.  Rose,  C. 

Scilly,  (Island) T.  J.  Bruxton,  C.  A. 

Scio,  Turkey N.  Pelrocochino,  C. 

Sedan,  France C.  A. 

Seville,  Spain J.  Cunningham,  C. 

Setubal,  Portugal C.  F.  O'Neil,  C.  A. 

*Seychelles,  Ind.  O Dorrance  Atwater,  C. 

*Shanghai,  China G.  F.  Seward,  C.  G. 

"      W.  P.  Mangum,  V.  C.  G. 

Sheffield,  England Geo.  J.  Abbot,  C. 

"  "        Chas.  A.  Branson,V.C. 

Shelburne,  N.  S C.  A. 

Sidon,  Syria S.  Abela,  C.  A. 

Sierra  Leone,  Africa..  .II.  Rider,  Com.  A. 
Simonstown,      "      ...  Patrick  D.  Martin,  C.  A. 

Sines,  Portugal J.  P.  de  M.  Falcao,  C.A. 

*Singapore,  India I.  Stone,  C. 

"     Wm.  B.  Smith,  V.  C. 

*Smyrna,  Turkey E.  J.  Smithers,  C. 

"      J.  Griffit,  V.  C. 

Sonneberg,  Germany.. S.  Hirshbach,  C. 
Sonsonate,  Sal I.  Mathe,  C.  A. 


88 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


Sourabaya,  Java C.  von  Oven,  C.  A. 

Souris,  Prince  Ed.  Isl..J.  Night,  C.  A. 
*Southampton,  Eng....J.  Britton,  C. 

Spezia,  Italy W.  T.  Rice,  C. 

St.  Ann's  Bay,  Ja M.  Solomons,  C.  A. 

St.  Andrew,  N.  B Ed.  Dorimer,  C.  A. 

St. Bartholome\v,W.I..R.  B.  Dinzey,  Com.  A. 
St.  Catharine's,  Canada  D.  C.  Haynes,  C.  A. 

"        (Is.),  Brazil.B.  Lindsey,  C. 
St.  Christopher,  W.  I.  .E.  S.  Delisle,  Com.  A. 
*St.  Domingo,  (City)...J.  S.  Smith,  Com.  A. 

St.  Etienne,  France Geo.  Bechtel,  C.  A. 

St.  Gallen,  Switz Win.  Auer,  C.  A. 

St.  George,  N.  B Geo.  Baker,  C.  A. 

*St.  Helena,  (Island)... Thos.  Fitnam,  Com.  A. 
St.  Helen's,  England... J.  Hammill,  C.  A. 

*St.  John's,  C.  E L.  P.  Blodgctt,  C. 

*"  N.  F T.  N.  Molfoy,  C. 

"    Chas.  Wills,  V.  C. 

N.  B D.  B.  Warner,  C. 

St.  Joao  da  Foz,  Port . .  S.  J.  Vasconcellos,  C.  A. 

St.  Malo,  France C.  A. 

St.  Manra,  Greece A.  Slamatopulo,  C.  A. 

St.  Marc,  Hayti F.W.  Clapp,  V.  Com.  A. 

St.  Martin,  W.  I C.  Rey,  C. 

St.  Michael,  Azores.... T.  Hickling,  C.  A. 

St.  Nazaire,  France J.  Van  Duym,  C.  A. 

St.PauldeLoando,Afr.A.  A.  Silva,  Com.  A. 
"    F.  A.  Silva,  V.  C.  A. 
*St.Pierre,  Martinique.  C. 

"  H.  David,  V.  C. 

"  Miquelon. . .  J.  P.  Frecker,  Com.  A. 

"       ...W.  F.  McLaughlin,  V. 

C.  A. 
*St.Petersburg,Russia.Gco.  Pomutz,  C. 

"  "       .J.  Curtin,  V.  C. 

St.  Stephen,  N.  B G.  M.  Porter,  C.  A. 

*St.  Thomas,  W.  I T.  T.  Robeson,  C. 

"    E.  B.  Simmons,  V.  C. 

Africa D.  L.  Marsins,  C. 

"  Ontario. .  .Chas.  Morrill,  C.  A. 

St.  Valery,  France C.  A. 

St.  Vincent,  CapeV.Isl.Wm.  E.  Huges,  C.  A. 

Stanstead,  Canada C.  A. 

Stavanger,  Norway T.  Falk,  C.  A. 

Stettin,  Prussia L.  R.  Roeder,  C. 

"  "       A.  E.  Wendt,  V.  C. 

Stockholm,  Sweden  ...  C. 

Strasbourg,  France E.  Robinson,  C. 

*Stuttgard,Wurtemb'g  E.  Klauprecht,  C. 
Sunderland,  England.. II.  Brown,  C.  A. 

Sverabaya,  Java Carl  von  Oven,  C.  A. 

Swansea,  Wales II.  Morice,  C.  A. 

*Swatow,  China J.  C.  A.  Wingate,  C. 

"  "     C.  W.  Bradley,  V.  C. 

Swineninnde,  Prussia.  .A.  Radman,  C.  A. 
Sydney,  N.  S.  Wales..  .II.  II.  Hall,  Com.  A. 

"        Cape  Breton. .T.  D.  Archibald,  C.  A. 

Syra,  Greece E.  Sapouzaki,  C.  A. 

Syracuse,  Sicily N.  Stcllc,  C.  A. 

Tabasco,  Mexico F.  M.  Ncmcgyei,  C. 

Taganrog,  Russia A.  Sedemonte,  C.  A. 


Tahiti,  Society  Isl Francis  A.  Perkins,  C. 

Talcahuano,  Chili W.  W.  Randall,  C. 

"     I.  Silvey,  V.  C. 

*Tamatave,  Madag'car.J.P.Finkelmeir,Com.A. 

*Tampico,  Mexico F.  Chase,  C.  G. 

*Taugicr,  Morocco J.  II.  McMath,  C. 

Taranto,  Italy C. 

Tarragona,  Spain A.  Muller,  C.  A. 

Tarsus,  Asia  Minor. . .  A.  Debbas,  C.  A. 
Tehuantepec,  Mexico.  .C.  C.  Finkier,  C. 
Teneriffe,  Canary  Isl..  .W.  II.  Dabney,  C. 
"  "     ...B.  Foretell,  V.  C. 

Terceira,  Azores T.  de  Castro,  C.  A. 

Tetuan,  Africa J.  S.  Levy.  Com.  A. 

This  ted,  Denmark J.  Nyeborg,  C.  A. 

TienTsin,  China C. 

*Toronto,  Canada D.  Thurston,  C. 

Toulon,  France P.  Andiffret,  C.  A. 

Trapani,  Sicily O.  Turbino,  C.  A. 

Trebisond,  Tur.  in  A. .  C. 

*Trieste,  Austria A.  W.  Thaycr,  C. 

*Trinidad  de  Cuba F.  F.  Cavada,  C. 

"     A.  Von  Uslar,  V.  C. 

Trinidad,  (Island) R.  P.  Harmon,  C. 

"      .E.  II.  Fitt,  V.  C. 

"Tripoli,  Africa W.  Porter,  C. 

"       Syria A.  Yanuni,  C.  A. 

Tromso,  Norway C.  A. 

Truxillo,  Honduras E.  Prudot,  C.  A. 

Tumaco,  U.  S.  of  Col..W.  II.  Wicr,  C. 

Tumbez,  Peru E.  R.  Springman,  C. 

*Tunis,  Africa G.  H.  Heap,  C. 

Tunstall,  England T.  Lewellyn,  C.  A. 

Turbo,  U.  S.  of  Col C. 

*Turk's  Islands Oliver  Mungen,  C. 

Tutuila,  Navigator's  Is. I.  Schwinke,  V.  C.  A. 

Tyre,  Syria Y.  Akaad,  C.  A. 

Valencia,  Spain L.  II.  Coit,  C. 

*  Valparaiso,  Chili A.  W.  Clark,  C. 

"   J.  Silvey,  V.  C. 

Velez  Malaga,  Spain. . .  J.  R.  Geary,  C.  A. 

Venice,  Italy Francis  Col  ton,  C. 

"          "     L.  G.  Mead,  Jr.,  V.  C. 

*Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.... E.  H.  Saulnier,  C. 

"      A.  S.  Calderon,  V.  C. 

Verviers,  Belgium C. 

Vianna,  Portugal J.  C.  daSilvaLima,C.A. 

Victoria,  V.  I A.  Francis,  C. 

Viegue,  W.  I Lane  Garben,  C.  A. 

*Vienna,  Austria P.  S.  Post,  C. 

"      D.  F.  Koshammer,  V.  C. 

Vigo,  Spain M.  Barcena,  C. 

Villa  do  Conde,  Port..  .J.  A.  de  Sousa,  C.  A. 
Villa  Novo,  Portugal .  .M.  de  Guedes,  C.  A. 
Villa  Real  de  San  An 
tonio  M.  G.  Roldan,  C.  A. 

Waterford,  Ireland R.  P.  Williams,  C.  A. 

WestCaicos,  Turk's  Is.S.  Winter,  C.  A. 
West  Hartlepool,  Eng..C.  Nielson,  C.  A. 
Weymouth,  England. ..W.  Roberts,  C.  A. 

Wexford,  Ireland J.  W.  Walsh,  C.  A. 

Whampoa,  China H.  N.  Blanchard,  C.  A. 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


89 


Windsor,  N.  S P.  S.  Burnham,  C.  A.  Zanzibar,  (Island) C. 

*     u          Canada A.  J.  Stevens,  C.  "  "      Francis  R.  Webb,  V.  C. 

Worcester,  England. .  .T.  Southall,  C.  A.  Zacatecas,  Mexico G.  M.  Prevost,  C. 

Wybourg.  Finland J.  Sparrow,  C.  A.  Zante,  Ionian  Isles A.  S.  York,  C. 

Wyk-on-Fohr,  Den L.  Heyraan,  C.  A.  Zaza,  Cuba D.  B.  Iznaga,  C.  A. 

Yarmouth,  N.  S L.  S.  Balkam,  C.  A.  *Zurich,  Switzerland.  .Charles  A.  Page,  C. 

The  salaries  of  consular  officers  at  Liverpool,  London  and  Port  Ati  Prince,  are  $7,500 ;  at 
Havana,  Havre,  and  Rio  dc  Janeiro.  $0,000  ;  at  Calcutta  and  Paris,  $5,000,  and  at  Honolulu,  Mel 
bourne,  Monrovia,  Montreal,  Shanghai  and  St.  Thomas,  $4,000.  At  other  places,  from  $500  to 
$3,500,  or  fees. 

DIPLOMATIC  CORPS. 

Foreign  Legations  in  the  United  States. 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Edward  Thornton,  C.  B.,  Envoy  Extraordi 
nary  audMinister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 
Esquire,  Secretary  of  Le 
gation.     (Absent.) 

Mr.  Peere  Williams  Freeman, Esquire,  Second 
Secretary. 

Mr.  W.  Fane,  Second  Secretary. 
Henry  Howard,  Esquire,  Attache. 

FRANCE. 

M.  J.  Berthemy,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 
Comte  de  Turrene,  Second  Secretary. 
Viscomte  d'Aulers,  Attache. 
Chevalier  Roger  de  La  Laude,  Attache. 
M.  P.  Dejardin,  Chancellier. 

RUSSIA. 

Mr.  Edward  de  Stoeckl,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

Mr.  Waldemar  de  Bodisco,  First  Secretary, 
Charge  d' Affaires. 

Mr.  Boris  Danzas,  Second  Secretary. 

Mr.  Constantin  de  Bodisco.  Attache. 

NETHERLANDS. 

M.  A.  Mazel,  Minister  Resident,  Washing 
ton. 

SPAIN. 

Sefior  Don  Facundo  Goni,  Envoy  Extraordi 
nary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washing 
ton. 

Sefior  Don  Luis  de  Potestad,  First  Secretary. 

Sefior  Don  Enrique  Valles,  Second  Secretary. 

Don  P.  Diez  de  Rivera,  Attache. 

AUSTRIA. 

Le  Baron  de  Franchenstein,  Charge  d' Affaires 
ad  interim,  Washington. 

PRUSSIA. 

Baron  von  Gerolt.  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 
Count  Lottom,  Secretary  of  Legation. 
P.  W.  Biiddocke,  Acting  Chancellor. 

ITALY. 

Chev.  M.  Cerruti,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 
Mr.  R.  Cantagalli,  Secretary  of  Legation. 

SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 
Baron  de  Wetterstedt,  Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 

DENMARK. 
F.  E.  Billc,  Charge  d1  Affaires,  Washington. 


PORTUGAL. 

Mr.  Miguel  Martius  d'Autas,  Envoy  Extraor 
dinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washing 
ton. 

Mr.  Manoel  Garcia  da  Roza,  Charge  d1  Affaires 
ad  interim. 

BELGIUM. 

Mr.  Maurice  Delfosse,  Minister  Resident, 
Washington. 

Secretary  of  Legation. 

GUATEMALA  AND  SALVADOR. 

Minister 
Plenipotentiary. 

Secretary  of  Legation. 

NICARAGUA  AND  HONDURAS. 
Don  Ignacio  Gomez,  Minister  Resident  and 
Envoy  Extraordinary. 

COSTA  RICA. 

Don  Ezequiel  Gutierrez,  Charge  d'Affaires, 
Washington. 

BRAZIL. 

The  Councillor  Domingos  Jose  Gonsalves  de 
Mugalhaens,  E.  E.  and  M.  P.,  New  York. 

Senhor  Luiz  Anguste  de  Padua  Fleury,  Charge 
d'Affaires,  New  York. 

Don  Benjamin  Franklin  Torreao  de  Barros, 
Attache  of  the  1st  Class. 

MEXICO. 

Sefior Envoy  Extraordinary 

and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 

Secretary  of  Legation 
and  Charge  d'Affaires,  ad  interim. 
Sefior  Cayetano  Romero,  Attache*. 

CHILI. 

Sefior  Mariano  Sanchez  Fontecilla,  Charge 
d'Affaires.  Washington. 

Sefior  Juan  Eduardo  Mackenna,  Secretary  of 
Legation. 

Sefior  Carlos  Walker  Martinez,  Attached 

VENEZUELA. 

Sefior  Bias  Bnmial.  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary,  New  York, 

Sefior  Florencio  Ribas.  Secretary  of  Legation 
and  Charge  d'Affaires  ad  interim.  New  York. 

Commander  Jose  J.  Roldan,  first  Attache. 

Sefior  Abraham  J.  Dorale,  second  Attached 

UNITED  STATES  OF  COLOMBIA. 

Envoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  Plenipotentiary.  (Absent  J 


90 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


PERU. 

Senor  Don  Jose  Antonio  Garcia  y  Garcia, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary,  New  York. 

Mr.  A.  Benjamin  Medina,  First  Secretary  of 
Legation. 

Mr.  Geo.  B.  Robinson,  Attache. 

LIBERIA. 

Henry  M.  Schieffelin,  Esquire,  Charge  d' Af 
faires,  New  York. 
William  Coppinger,  Secretary  of  Legation. 

HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Charles  Harris.  Esquire,  Envoy  Extraordi 
nary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary,  New  York. 

HAYTI. 

George  Racster,  Charge  d' Affaires,  and  Con 
sul  General,  New  York. 


George  Lawrence,  Jr.,  in  the  employ  of  the 
Legation. 

ARGENTINE. 

Don  Bartolome  Mitre  y  Vedia,  Secretary  of 
Legation  and  Charge  cVAifaires,  ad  interim. 

Don  Alberto  A.  Halbach,  Attache  of  the  1st 
class. 

Don  Domingo  E.  de  Sarratea,  Attache. 

GREECE. 

Mr.  A.  R.  Rangabe,  Envoy  Extraordinary. 
(Absent.) 

Cleon  Rizo  Rangabe,  Secretary  of  Legation, 
Washington. 

TURKEY. 

Blacque  Bey,  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary,  Washington. 

Mr.  Xenophon  Baltazzi,  Secretary  of  Lega 
tion. 


LIST  OF  FOREIGN  CONSULS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

C.  G.,  Consul  General :  V.  C.  G.,  Vice  Consul  General;   C.,  Consul;  V.  C.,  Vice  Consul;   C. 
A.,  Consular  Agent;  V.  C.  A.,  Vice  Consular  Agent. 


ANHALT  DESSAU,  DUCHY  OP 

Chicago H.  Claussenius,  C. 

Milwaukee Adolph  Rosenthal,  C. 

New  York Frederick  Kuhne,  C. 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

Baltimore C.  M.  Stewart,  C. 

Boston D.  D.  Stackpole,  C. 

Charleston M.  A.  Pringle,  C. 

New  York E.  F.  Davison,  C. 

Philadelphia N.  Frazier,  C. 

Portland Andres  Spring,  C. 

Savannah Carlos  Heinsius,  C. 

AUSTRIA. 

Baltimore F.  D.  Kremelberg,  V.  C. 

Boston I.  H.  Gossler,  V/C. 

Galveston Julius  Kaufman,  V.  C. 

Mobile J.  E.  Dumont,  V.  C. 

Milwaukee Moritz  Baumbach,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Adolphus  Bader,  C. 

New  York Charles  Loosey,  C. 

"        "    Charles  F.  Loosey,  C.  G. 

Norfolk Edward  T.  Hardy,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia S.  M.  Wain,  V.  C. 

Richmond Edward  W.  de  Voss,  V.  C. 

Savannah A.  Low,  V.  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Earth,  V.  C. 

BADEN. 

Baltimore Werner  Dresel,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

Louisville John  Smidt,  C. 

Milwaukee L.  von  Baumbach,  C. 

"          M.  von  Baumbach,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Adolf  Bader,  C. 

New  York Leopold  Schmidt,  C.  G. 

"    Leopold  Schmidt,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia C.  F.  Hagedorn,  C. 

San  Francisco H.  Haussmann,  C. 

St.  Louis Roberth  Earth,  C. 

BAVARIA. 

Baltimore Werner  Dresel,  C. 

Boston John  Schumacher,  C. 

Chicago Charles  Vergoe,  C. 

Cincinnati Charles  A.  G.  Adare,  C. 

Louisville J.  Smidt,  C. 

Milwaukee L.  von  Baumbach,  C. 


Milwaukee M.  Von  Banmbach,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Adolph  Bader,  C. 

New  York G.  H.  Sienion,  C. 

Philadelphia C.  F.  Hagedorn,  C.  G. 

San  Francisco C.  F.  Mebius,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Earth,  C. 

BELGIUM. 

Apalachicola W.  G.  Porter,  V.  C. 

Atlanta Laurent  DeGive,  C. 

Baltimore G.  O.  Gorter,  C. 

Boston J.  G.  Bates,  C. 

Cincinnati P.  Schuster,  C. 

Charleston Moris  Seligman,  C. 

Chicago J.  F.  Henrotin,  C. 

Galveston A.  Heydecker,  C. 

Green  Bay,  Wis John  B.  A.  Masse.  C. 

Louisville Ch.  T.  van  der  Espt,  V.  C. 

Mobile H.  V.  H.  Voorhees,  C. 

New  Orleans J.  A.  Q,uintero,  C. 

"          u        Anguste  Noblom,  V.  C. 

New  York H.  W.  T.  Mali,  C.  G. 

"     H.  W.Mali,  C. 

"     Charles  Mali,  C. 

Norfolk Duncan  Robertson,  C. 

Philadelphia G.  E.  Saurmann.  C. 

Gustave  E.  Matile,  V.  C 

Portland T.  A.  Deblois,  C. 

Richmond Emile  O.  Nolting,  C. 

Savannah W.  O'Driscoll,  C. 

San  Francisco Emlie  Grisar,  C. 

St.  Louis P.  Hurck,  C. 

BRAZIL. 
L.  H.  F.  de  Aguiar,  C.  G. 

Baltimore C.  Oliver  O'Donnell,  V.  C. 

Boston Archibald  Foster,  C. 

Charleston Eugene  Huchet,  V.  C. 

New  London C.  Griffin,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Andrew  F.  Elliott,  V.  C. 

New  York C.  J.  Ludmann,  V.  C. 

Norfolk M.  Myers,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia E.  S.  Sayres,  V  C 

Pensacola Wm.  H.  Judah,  V.  C. 

Providence G.  S.  Wardwell,  V.  C. 

Richmond H.  K.  Baldwin,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco A.  N.  Byfield,  V.  C. 

Savannah Jas.  W.  McDonald,  V.  C. 

"        Edwin  E.  Hertz,  V.  C.  A. 


1869.] 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


91 


Washington A.  T.  Kicchoefer,  V.  C» 

Wilmington Oscar  G.  Parsley,  V.  0. 

BREMEN. 

Baltimore A.  Schumacher,  C.  G. 

Boston Johannes  Schumacher,  C. 

Charleston Chas.  E.  Wunderlich,  C. 

Galveston Julius  Kauffman,  C. 

Indianola,  Texas H.  A.  H.  Kunge,  C. 

Key  West R.  W.  Welch,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans F.  Rodewald,  C. 

New  York Guntav  Schwab,  C. 

Philadelphia Johann  II.  Harjes,  C. 

Edward  W.  de  Voss,  C. 

San  Francisco C.  A.  C.  Duisenburg,  C. 

Savannah lleinrich  Muller,  C. 

St.  Louis J.  Wolf,  C. 

BliUNSWICK  AND   LUNEBURG. 

Cincinnati Carl  Schmidt,  C. 

Chicago. F.  A.  Hoffmann,  C. 

Cleveland Adolph  Rettberg.  C. 

Milwaukee Adolph  Rosenthal,  C. 

New  Orleans Joseph  Lang,  C. 

New  York G.  J.  Bechtel,  C.  G. 

Philadelphia C.  F.  Ilagedorn,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Barth,  C. 

Herman  Beckurts,  C. 
BOLIVIA. 

New  York Jose  M.  Muiioz,  C. 

Cuin. 

Baltimore R.  B.  Fitzgerald,  C. 

Boston II.  V.  Ward,  C. 

Philadelphia F.  V.  Clceman,  C. 

San  Francisco Enrique  Barroilhet,  C. 

COSTA  RICA. 

Boston A.  C.  Garsia,  C. 

Key  West E.  J.  Gomez,  C. 

Louisville,  Ky Allan  A.  Burton,  C. 

New  Orleans Jose  A.  Qnintero,  C. 

New  York Royal  Phelps,  C.  G. 

"        "     Gustavo  Theisen  C. 

Philadelphia S.  M.  Wain,  C. 

DENMARK. 

Alexandria James  Dempsey,  V.  C. 

Baltimore Martin  Lewis,  V.  C. 

Bath,  Me John  E.  Brown,  V.  C. 

Boston E.  0.  Hammer,  V.  C. 

Chicago  . .   Emil  Drier,  V.  C. 

Cincinnati George  H.  Garlichs,  V.  C. 

J.  F.  Meline,  V.  C. 

Charleston Chas.  E.  Wunderlich,  V.C. 

Milwaukee C.  F.  J.  Moiller,  V.  C. 

Mobile Robert  V.  Searing,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans H.  Frellsen,  C. 

New  York Henry  Brae'm,  V.  C. 

"        "     Harold  Dollner,  C. 

Norfolk George  C.  Reid  C 

Pensacola N.  H.  Holmes,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia E.  S.  Sayres,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco G.  O'Hara  Taaffe,  C. 

Savannah C.  M.  Hoist.  V.  C. 

St.  Louis John  E.  Schuetz,  V.  C. 

St.  Paul Theodore  Borup,  V.  C. 

Washington J.  C.  Kondrup,  V.  C. 

Wilmington Silas  N.  Martin,  V.  C. 

DOMINICA. 
New  York Jose  F.  Dasora.  C. 

ECUADOR. 

Boston Seth  Bryant.  C. 

New  Orleans James  Gardette,  C. 

New  York Gregorio  Dominguez,  C. 


New  York N.  R.  Ansado,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia E.  F.  Sweetser,  C. 

San  Francisco Daniel  Wolffe  C 

C.  Ballen.  V.  C. 

Washington J.  H.  Causten,  C. 

FRANCE. 

Baltimore Amedee  Sauvan,  V.  C. 

Boscon J.  E.  Sanchard,  C. 

Charleston,  S.  C Alex.  B.  de  Bughas,  C. 

Chicago Edmund  Carrey,  Y.  C. 

Cincinnati Armand  Peugnet,  V.  C. 

Ravin  d'Elpenx,  V.  C.  A. 

Galveston Chas.  Fauconnet,  V.  C. 

H.  P.  deSt.  Cyr,  V.  C.  A. 

Key  West Fernando  Moreno,  V.  C. 

Louisville J.  J.  Perrin,  C.  A. 

Mobile A.  de  la  Forest,  C. 

"      Jules  Phillippe,  V.  C.  A. 

"      J.  A.  H.  Poitevin,  C.  A. 

Monterey J.  Lombard,  C.  A. 

New  Orleans E.  N.  M.  Godeaux,  C. 

Newport  and  Provi 
dence F.  Gourand,  Y.  C. 

Newport J.  M.  Perrier,  C.  A. 

New  York Gauldree  Boillcau,  C.  G. 

Norfolk P.  Schisano,  V.  C. 

"       Leon  Schisano,  C.  A. 

Philadelphia F.  C.  A.  L.  de  la  Forest,  C. 

Portland E.  P.  Le  Prohon,  C.  A. 

Richmond Jean  Baptiste  Sauvaii,  C. 

San  Francisco Chas.  F.  de  Cazotte,  C. 

Savannah Frederic  Chastanet,  C.  A. 

St.  Louis H.  Levasseur,  V.  C.  A. 

Wilmington,  N.  C. .  .Jacob  Loeb,  C.  A. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Baltimore H.  T.  A.  Rainals,  C. 

Boston > Francis  Lousada,  C. 

Buffalo H.  W.  Hemans,  C. 

Charleston Henry  P.  Walker,  C. 

Chicago JohnE.  Wilkins,  C. 

Galveston Arthur  T.  Lynn,  C. 

Mobile F.  J.  Cridland,  C. 

New  Orleans Dennis  Donohoe.  C. 

New  York E.  M.  Archibald,  C. 

Philadelphia Chas.  E.  K.  Kortright,  C. 

Portland Henry  J.  Murray,  C. 

Richmond George  Moore,  C. 

San  Francisco Wm.  L.  Booker,  C. 

Savannah Win.  T.  Smith,  C. 

GREECE. 

Boston J.  M.  Rodocanachi,  C. 

New  Orleans Nicholas  Benachi,  C. 

New  York D.  N.  Botassis,  C. 

St.  Louis C.  P.  Ralli,  V.  C. 

GUATEMALA. 

Boston P.  Grant,  C. 

New  Orleans E.  J.  Gomez,  C. 

New  York Bartolome  Blanco,  C.  G. 

"        '*    Teodoro  Manara,  C. 

Philadelphia S.  M.  Wain,  C. 

San  Francisco Guillermo  Rabe,  C. 

HAMBURG. 

Baltimore A.  Schumacher,  C.  G. 

F.  Rodewald,  C. 

Boston J.  H.  Gossler,  C. 

"     C.  Knorre.  V.  C. 

Charleston Charles  Witte,  C. 

Cincinnati J.  F.  Meline.  C. 

Galveston J.  W.  Jockusch,  C. 

Indianola.  Texas H.  Rnn<re.  C. 

Key  West R.  W.  Welch.  V.  C. 

Mobile H.  A.  Schroeder,  C. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[18G9. 


New  Orleans Charles  Kock,  C. 

New  York H.  R.  Kunhardt,  C. 

Philadelphia August  Cohen,  C. 

Richmond H.  Ludlam,  C. 

San  Francisco Gustav  Ziel,  C. 

Savannah F.  Schuster,  C. 

HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Boston Henry  A.  Pcirce,  C. 

New  York Samuel  W.  F.  Odcll,  C.  G. 

San  Francisco II.  W.  Severance,  C. 

HAYTI. 

Bangor,  Me Albert  Emerson,  C. 

Boston B.  C.  Clark,  C. 

New  York Louis  A.  de  P.  Ferrandi,C. 

u        "    Ellwood  Cooper,  C.  A. 

Washington George  Raster,  C.  G. 


HESSE 

Baltimore 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Galveston 

Louisville 

Milwaukee .  . . 


New  Orleans 

New  York 

Philadelphia 

Pittsburg 

San  Francisco 

St.  Louis... 


DARMSTADT. 

.Werner  Dresel,  C. 

.August  Beck,  C. 

.C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

.J.  W.  lockusch,  V.  C. 

.John  Smidt,  C. 

.  L.  von  Baumbach,  C. 

.M.  von  Baumbach,  V.  C. 

August  Reicharcl,  C. 
.F.  W.  Keutgeu,  C. 
.C.  F.  Hagedorn,  C.  G. 
.Heinrich  Moser,  C. 
.Gustav  Ziel,  C. 
.Roberth  Earth,  C. 


HONDURAS. 
California  ...........  William  V.  Wells,  C.  G. 

New  York  ...........  Simon  Camacho,  C. 

ITALY. 
Baltimore  ...........  C.  A.  Williamson,  V.  C. 


Boston 


Nicholas  Reggio,  V.  C. 
Gustavo  M.  Finotti,  C.  A. 


Charleston  ..........  E.  L.  Trenholm.  V.  C. 

Chicago  .............  Giovana  Luigi  Cella,  C.  A. 

"        .............  Augusto  Freden,  C.  A. 

Galveston  ...........  C,arlo  F.  Jenni,  V.  C. 

Key  West  ...........  William  Pinkney,  V.  C. 

Louisville  ...........  Nicola  Nicholas,  V.  C. 

Memphis  ............  G.  A.  Signaigo,  V.  C. 

Mobile  ..............  Georgio  Aite,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans  ........  F.  Sanminiatelli,  V.  C. 

New  York  ...........  Ferdinando  de  Luca,  C.G. 

"        "    ...........  G.  L.  Avezzana,  V.  C. 

Norfolk  .............  Duncan  Robertson,  C. 

Philadelphia  ........  Alonzo  Viti.  V.  C. 

Richmond  ...........  Daniel  von  Groning,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco  .......  G.  B.  Cerruti,  C. 

St.  Louis  ............  L.  A.  J.  B.  Paris,  V.  C. 

"        "    ............  David  Tandy,  C.  A. 

Vicksburg  ...........  Natale  Piazza,  V.  C. 

JAPAN. 
San  Francisco  .......  Charles  W.  Brooks,  C. 

LIBERIA. 
New  York  ...........  John  B.  Pinney,  C.  G. 

LIPPE,  PRINCIPALITY  OF. 
New  York  ...........  Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 

LUBECK. 

Baltimore  ...........  H.  von  Kapff,  C. 

Boston  ..............  H.  C.  Lauterback,  C. 

Charleston  ..........  J.  L.  II.  Thiermanu,  C. 


Cincinnati George  II.  Garlichs,  C. 

Galveston D.  H.  Klaener,  C. 

New  Orleans F.  Kirchoff,  C. 

E.  F.  Stockmeyer,  V.  C. 

New  York Gco.  C.  Yoss  C 

Philadelphia I.  II.  Harjcv,  C. 

San  Francisco C.  F.  Meb'uis,  C. 

MECKLENBURG  SCHWERIN. 

Boston Goorrre  Papendiek,  C. 

Chicago II.  Ciaussenius,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Aduc,  C. 

Ualveston II.  Schultz,  C. 

Milwaukee L.  von  Baumbach.  C. 

M.  von  Baumbach.  V.  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  C.  G. 

New  Orleans August  Richard,  C. 

Philadelphia F.  II.  Ilarjes,  C. 

San  Francisco J.  de  Fremery,  C. 

St.  .Louis Robert  Earth,  C. 

MECKLENBURG  STRELITZ. 

Cincinnati Carl  F.  Adac.  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 

MEXICAN  REPUBLIC. 

Baltimore J.  A.  Pizarro,  Y.  C. 

Boston J.  E.  F.  Fallen,  V.  C. 

Brownsville,  Texas  .  J.  I.  Castillo,  C. 

.C.  M.  Trevifio,  V.  C. 

Charleston F.  Montaner,  V.  C. 

Franklin,  Texas Ricarclo  Ramires,  V.  C. 

Galveston C.  F.  Gonzalez,  V.  C. 

Mobile C.  L.  Le  Baron,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Francisco  Riband,  C.  G. 

•'  Ramon  S.  Diaz,  C. 

New  York Juan  N.  Navarro.  C.  G. 

"    R.  deRaiael,  C.  ' 

"        "    B.  A.  y  Cuevas,  V.  C. 

Pensacola F.  Moreno,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia F.  Merino,  V.  C. 

Pittsburg J.  Herbert,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco Jose  A.  Godoy,  C. 

W.  E.  Barren,  V.  C. 

San  Antonio  de 

Bexar Miguel  Zaragoza.  C. 

Santa  Fe M.  Armendair,  C. 

St.  Louis P.  J.  Marallano,  V.  C. 

MONACA,  PRINCIPALITY  OF. 
New  York Louis  Borg,  C. 

NETHERLANDS. 

Baltimore Claas  Yocke,  C. 

Boston G.  Lootz,  C. 

Charleston Chas  E.  Wunderlich,  C. 

Cincinnati G.  H.  Garlichs,  C. 

Keokuk.  Iowa Nicholaus  Anslyn,  V.  C. 

Key  West O.  O.  Hara,  V.  C. 

Mobile J.  I.  Van  Wanroy,  C. 

New  Orleans Amedee  Conturie.  C. 

New  York Rudolph  C.  Burlage.  C.  G. 

"        "    J.E.  Zimmerman,  V.  C.G. 

Norfolk M.  Myers,  C. 

Philadelphia L.  Westergaard,  C. 

San  Francisco J.  de  Fremery,  C. 

Savannah Carl  Epping,  V.  C. 

St.  Louis B.  B.  Haasrsma.  C. 

Washington Alfred  Schuckihg,  V.  C. 

Wis.,  Mich.,  Minn. . .  J.  F.  V.  Dorselin,  C. 

NICARAGUA. 

Baltimore O.  O'Donnell.  C. 

New  Orleans E.  G.  Gomez,  C. 

New  York Juan  J.  Barril,  C.  G. 

San  Francisco Jose  A.  Godoy,  C. 


1869.]' 


INTERCOURSE  WITH  FOREIGN  NATIONS. 


93 


OLDENBURG. 

Baltimore Charles  Bulling,  C. 

Boston  H.  O.  S.  Cuntz,  C. 

Charleston C.  E.  Wunderlich,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

Galveston J.  Friedrich,  C. 

Key  West R.  W.  Welch,  V.  C. 

Louisville Theodore  Schwartz,  C. 

Milwaukee L.  von  Baumbach,  C. 

Milwaukee M.  von  Baumbach,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Ferdinand  Motz,  C. 

New  York J.  W.  Schmidt,  C.  G. 

Philadelphia  ....... .C.  F.  Hagedorn,  C. 

San  Francisco II.  Hanssmann,  C. 

Savannah '.  Heinrich  Muller,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Earth,  C. 

ORIENTAL  REPUBLIC  OF  URUGUAY. 

Baltimore Prudencio  Murguionda,  C. 

Boston Charles  Soule,  Jr.,  V.  C. 

Charleston G.  L.  Lowden,  V.  C. 

Galveston F.  A.  Stokes,  V.  C. 

Mobile C.  J.  Mansony,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans A.  F.  Vails,  V.  C. 

New  York Carlos  E.  Leland,  C. 

Philadelphia B.  W.  Frazicr,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco T.  P.  Hamilton,  C. 

Edwin  C.  B.  Garsia,  C.  G. 

PARAGUAY. 
New  York Richard  Mullowney,  C. 

PERU. 

Baltimore R.  B.  Fitzgerald,  C. 

Boston G.  B.  Newberry,  C. 

Charleston Adolphe  A.  Cay,  C. 

New  York Jose  Carlos  Tracy,  C. 

"        "    Arnaldo  Marquez,  C.  G. 

Philadelphia F.  de  P.  Suarez,  C. 

San  Francisco Matero  Ramirez,  C. 

"•         "          Enrique  Barroilhet,  V.  C. 

PORTUGAL. 

Baltimore Robert  Lehr,  V.  C. 

Bangor,  Me Thos.  J.  Stewart,  V.  C. 

Boston Archibald  Foster,  V.  C. 

Charleston Pierre  J.  Esnard,  V.  C. 

Mobile C.  Le  Baron,  V.  C. 

New  Bedford,  Mass.. George  Hussey,  Jr.,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans Antonio  J.  da  Silva,  V.  C. 

New  York Ludwig  E.  Amsinck,  V.  C. 

New  London,  Ct . . . .  Wm.  W.  Harris,  V.  C. 

Norfolk Nathaniel  Burruss,  V.  C. 

Pensacola Jule  Pascay,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia E.  S.  Sayres,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco John  Searle,  C. 

Savannah Joaquin  de  Palma,  V.  C. 

Springfield,  111 Jose  M.  Bernes,  V.  C. 

St.  Augustine Wm.  H.  Allen,  V.  C. 

Wilmington Wm.  L.  de  Rosset,  V.  C. 

A.  M.  da  C.  S.  Maior,  C.  G. 


PRUSSIA. 


Baltimore , 
Boston. . . 


Charleston . . . 

Chicago 

Cincinnati. . . . 

Galveston 

Key  West.... 

Louisville 

Milwaukee. .. 
New  Orleans. 
New  Bedford. 


Werner  Dressel,  C. 

, I.  H.  Gossler,  Jr..  C. 

F.  A.  Hersch,  V.  C. 

W.  H.  Trappmann,  C. 

H.  Claussenius,  C. 

C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

...J.  W.  Jockusch,  C. 

R.  W.  Welch,  V.  C. 

J.  von  Borries,  C. 

Adolph  Rosenthal,  C. 

Jean  Kruttschnitt,  C. 

Geo.  Hussey,  V.  C. 


New  York Guido  von  Grabow,  C.  G. 

"          E.  von  der  Hevdt,  C. 

Philadelphia Carl  Vezin,  C. 

Richmond F.  W.  Hanewinckel,  C. 

San  Francisco H.  Hanssmann,  C. 

Savannah F.  Chustcr,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Barth,  C. 

St.  Paul,  Minn Ferdinand  Willius,  C. 

REUSS,  ELDER  LINE. 
New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 


REUSS 

Baltimore 

Milwaukee  

New  York  . . 


,  YOUNGER  LINE. 
.  ..Guido  Fuchs,  C. 
. .  .Adolph  Rosenthal.  C. 
. .  .Friedrich  Kuhue,  C. 


ROME  OR 

Baltimore 

Boston 

Charleston 

Cincinnati 

New  Orleans 

New  York 

Norfolk 

Philadelphia  .... 
Savannah  


PONTIFICAL  STATES. 
...J.  P.  Scott,  Y.  C. 
...N.  Reirgio,  V.  C. 
. .  .Edward  Mottet,  V.  C. 
...J.  F.  Melinc,  V.  C. 
...Alexis  Robert,  C. 
...H.  Perrot,  V.C. 
...L.  B.  Binsse,  C.G. 
...W.  D.  Scnac,  V.C. 
...Geo.  Allen,  V.C. 
...S.Wright,  V.C. 


RUSSIA. 

Baltimore Augustus  Kohler,  V.  C. 

Boston R.  B.  Storer,  V.  C. 

Charleston J.  Leland,  V.  C. 

Galveston Ferdinand  Wolff,  V.  C. 

Mobile A.  I.  Kleinbach,  V.  C. 

New  Archangel Capt.  Kashull,  C. 

Sitka Prince  Maksioutoff,  C. 

New  Orleans Edward  Johns,  C. 

;t          "      Johann  F.  Schroder,  V.  C. 

New  York Charles  von  der  Osten 

Sacken,  C.  G. 

"        "    Robert  Schultze,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia Henry  Preaut,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco M.  Klinkowstroem,  V.  C. 

Savannah J.  R.  Wilder,  V.  C. 

SALVADOR. 

Juan  T.  Schepeler,  C.  G. 

New  York Jose  J.  Ribon,  C. 

San  Francisco R.  W.  Heath,  C. 

SAXE  ALTENBURG. 

Chicago H.  Claussenius,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

Milwaukee M.  von  Baumbach,  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  V.  C. 

"    Carl  E.  L.  Hiurichs,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Barth,  C. 

SAXE  COBURG  AND  GOTHA. 

Chicago F.  A.  Hoffmann,  C. 

Cincinnati Charles  Schmidt,  C. 

La  Crosse,  Wis Adelbert  Moeller,  C. 

New  York C.  E.  L.  Hinrichs,  C. 

"        " Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 

Philadelphia C.  F.  Hagedorn,  C. 

San  Francisco Herman  Michels,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Barth,  C. 

SAXE  MEININGEN. 
Chicago  ...  . . .  F.  A.  Hoffmann,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

Milwaukee M.  von  Baumbach,  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 

San  Francisco Herman  Michels,  C. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


SAXONY. 

Baltimore Werner  Dresel,  C. 

Boston Charles  J.  Cazinove,  V.  C. 

Chicago 11.  Claussenius,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

Galveston Julius  Kauffman,  C. 

Louisville,  Ky Theodor  Schwartz,  C. 

Milwaukee M.  von  Baumbnch,  C. 

New  Orleans Chas.  II.  Pandorf.  C. 

New  York Johann  W.  Schmidt,  C.  G. 

"        "    Leopold  Schmidt,  C. 

Philadelphia H.  T.  Plate,  C. 

San  Francisco Herman  Michels,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Barth,  C. 

SAXE  WEIMAR. 

Chicago F.  A.  Hoffmann,  C. 

Cincinnati G.  H.  Garlichs,  C. 

Dist.  of  Columbia..  .C.  F.  Ilagcdorn,  C. 

Milwaukee M.  yon  Baumbach,  C. 

Mobile Julius  Sampson,  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhnc,  C.  G. 

San  Francisco Herman  Michels,  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  Barth,  C. 

SCIIAUMBERG  LlPPE. 

Chicago Godfrey  Snydacker,  C. 

Cincinnati C.  F.  Adae,  C. 

Philadelphia Carl  Messing,  C. 

SCHWARZBURG   RUDOLSTADT. 

Chicago II.  Claussenius,  C. 

Milwaukee Adolph  Rosen  thai,  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 

SCHWARZBURG  SONDERSHAUSEN. 

Chicago H.  Claussenius,  C. 

Milwaukee Adolph  Roscnthal,  C. 

New  York Friedrich  Kuhne,  C. 

SPAIN. 

Baltimore J.  A.  Pizarro,  V.  C. 

Bangor E.  T.  Fox,  C. 

Boston A.  G.  Vega,  C. 

"      Frederico  Granados,  V.  C. 

Charleston A.  Vinyals,  C. 

Galveston Augustin  Roderignez,  C. 

"          Benj.  Theron,  V.  C. 

Key  West Vinccnte  Cubell,  C. 

Machias,  Me Ignatius  Sargent,  V.  C. 

Mobile Ramon  Orbeta,  C. 

New  Orleans Iscdoro  Millas,  C. 

"          "       Don  J.dc  A.Sanmartin, 

V.  C. 
New  York J.  M.  de.  Satrustegui,  C. 

"         "   F.  de  Carpiy  Cabrera,  V.  C. 

Norfolk D.  Robertson,  V.  C. 

Pensacola C.  L.  le  Barron,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia Don  Pablo  Chacon,  C.  G. 

Jose  A.  de  Lavalle,  C. 

Portland,  Me Antonio  M.  de  Zea,  C. 

Portsmouth,  N.  II. .  .R.  O.  Treadwell,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco Camilo  Martin,  V.  C. 

Savannah Luis  Cassaval,  V.  C. 

St.  Louis Robert  II.  Belts,  V.  C. 

SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 

Alexandria James  Dempsey,  V.  C. 

Austin.  Texas S.  Palm.  V.  C. 

Baltimore Martin  Lewis.  V.  C. 

Boston Gjert  Lootz,  V.  C. 

Charleston C.  O.  Witte,  V.  C. 


Chicago P.  L.  Hawkinson,  V.  C. 

Cincinnati G.  H.  Garlichs,  V.  C. 

Decorah,  Iowa G.  T.  Lommen,  V.  C. 

Key  West J.  F.  Packer,  V.  C. 

La  Crosse,  Wis.. . . .  .C.  O.  Nilson,  V.  C. 

Madison,  Wis K.  Y.  Fleischer,  V.  C. 

Mobile R.  Westfeldt,  V.  C. 

New  Orleans S.  M.  Svenson  V  C 

Win.  M.  Perkins,  V.  C. 

New  York C.  E.  Habieht,  C. 

"    Chas.  G.  Youngberg.  V.  C. 

Norfolk C.  Schwarzkoph,  V.  C. 

Pensacola C.  F.  Boysen,  V.  C. 

Philadelphia E.  S.  Sayres,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco G.  C.  Johnson.  C.  G. 

G.  O'Hara  Taaffe,  V.  C. 

Savannah C.  M.  Hoist,  V.  C. 

St.  Louis John  E.  Schuctze,  V.  C. 

St.  Paul,  Minn Theodore  Borup,  V.  C. 

Virginia D.  Robertson,  V.  C. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Charleston Henri  Meyer,  C. 

Chicago Henri  Endcris,  C. 

Louis  Boerlin,  V.  C. 

Cincinnati Jacques  Rictschy,  C. 

Galveston Henri  Rosenberg,  V.  C. 

Highland,  111 Constant  Rilliet,  C. 

New  Orleans A.  Piaget,  C. 

New  York L.  P.  de  Luze,  C. 

"        u    Adrien  Iselin.  C. 

Philadelphia R.  Korradi,  C. 

P.  J.  Wildberger,  V.  C. 

San  Francisco Francois  Bcrtbn,  C. 

"         Alexis  de  Stouts,  V.  C. 

St.  Louis C.  F.  Muthey,  C. 

"      David  C.  Jaccard,  V.  C. 

Washington John  Ilitz,  C.  G. 

TURKEY. 

Boston J.  Jasigi,  C. 

New  York J.  Hosibrd  Smith,  C. 

"          C.  Oscanyan,  C.  G. 

Washington  and 
Baltimore George  A.  Porter,  C. 

UNITED  STATES  OF  COLOMBIA. 


Baltimore 

New  Orleans . . 
New  York. . . 


Philadelphia  . . 
Sari  Francisco. 


Baltimore 

Boston 

New  Orleans. . 
New  York. . . . 
Philadelphia  . . 


Ann  Arbor 

Baltimore 

Cincinnati 

Galveston 

Louisville 

Milwaukee.... 
New  Orleans. . 

New  York 

Philadelphia  . . 
San  Francisco . 
St.  Louis 


R.  A.  Fisher,  C. 

J.  E.  Beylle,  C. 

JuanB.  Abello,  C.  G. 

S.  DeWitt  Bloodgood,  C. 

J.  G.  Ribon,  V.  C. 

J.  M.  R.  de  Porras,  C. 

Francisco  Ilcrrera,  C. 

VENEZUELA. 

J.  H.  Strohm,  C. 

S.  G.  Whitney,  C. 

G.  B.  Dieter,  C. 

Florencio  Ribas,  C. 

Leon  de  la  Cova,  C. 

W^URTEMBERG. 

A.  Widenmann,  C. 

Werner  Dresel.  C. 

CarlF.  Aclac,  C. 

F.  A.  Sauters,  C. 

John  Smidt,  C. 

L.  Von  Baumbach.  C. 

Friederich  Klumpp,  C. 

Leopold  Bierwirth.  C.  G. 

Wm.  L.  Kiderlin,  C. 

Isaac  Warmser,  C. 

Robert  Barth,  C. 


1869.]  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT.  95 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary's  Office.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  charged  with  the  gen 
eral  supervision  of  the  fiscal  transactions  of  the  government,  and  the  execu 
tion  of  the  laws  concerning  commerce  and  navigation ;  the  survey  of  the 
coast ;  the  light-house  establishment ;  the  marine  hospitals  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  construction  of  certain  public  buildings  for  custom-house  and 
other  purposes. 

The  First  Comptroller  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  rendering  ac 
counts  for  the  civil  and  diplomatic  service,  as  well  as  the  public  lands,  and 
revises  and  certifies  the  balances  arising  thereon. 

The  Second  Comptroller  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  rendering  the 
accounts  of  the  army,  navy,  and  Indian  departments  of  the  public  service, 
and  revises  and  certifies  the  balances  arising  thereon. 

The  Commissioner  of  the  Customs  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  ren 
dering  the  account  of  the  customs,  revenue,  and  disbursement,  and  for  the 
building  and  repairing  custom-houses,  etc.,  and  revises  and  certifies  the  bal 
ances  arising  thereon. 

The  First  Auditor  receives  and  adjusts  the  accounts  of  the  customs,  revenue 
and  disbursements,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  on  account  of  the  civil 
list,  and  under  private  acts  of  Congress,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Com 
missioner  of  the  Customs  and  the  First  Comptroller  respectively  for  their 
decision  thereon. 

The  Second  Auditor  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  relating  to  the  pay, 
clothing,  and  recruiting  of  the  army,  as  well  as  the  armories,  arsenals  and 
ordnance,  and  all  accounts  relating  to  the  Indian  department,  and  reports  the 
balances  to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

The  Third  Auditor  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  for  subsistence  of  the 
army,  fortifications,  military  academy,  military  roads,  and  the  quarter-master's 
department,  pensions,  and  claims  arising  from  military  services  previous  to 
1816,  and  for  horses,  and  other  property  lost  in  the  military  service,  and  reports 
the  balances  to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

The  Fourth  Auditor  adjusts  all  accounts  for  the  service  of  the  Navy  De 
partment,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision 
thereon. 

The  Fifth  Auditor  adjusts  all  accounts  for  diplomatic  and  similar  services 
performed  under  the  direction  of  the  State  Department,  and  reports  the  bal 
ances  to  the  First  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

The  Sixth  Auditor  adjusts  all  accounts  arising  from  the  service  of  the  Post 
Office  Department.  His  decisions  are  final,  unless  an  appeal  is  taken  within 
twelve  months  to  the  First  Comptroller.  He  superintends  the  collection  of  all 
debts  due  the  Post  Office  Department,  and  all  penalties  imposed  on  post 
masters  and  mail  contractors  for  failing  to  do  their  duty.  He  directs  suits 
and  legal  proceedings,  civil  and  criminal,  and  takes  legal  measures  to  enforce 
the  prompt  payment  of  money  due  to  the  department ;  instructing  attorneys, 
marshals,  and  clerks  relative  thereto ;  and  receives  returns  from  each  term 


96  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

of  the  United  States  Courts  of  the  condition  and  progress  of  such  suits  and 
legal  proceedings ;  has  charge  of  all  lands  and  other  property  assigned  to  the 
United  States  in  payment  of  debts  due  to  the  Post  Office  Department,  and 
has  power  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the  United 
States. 

The  Treasurer  receives  and  keeps  the  moneys  of  the  United  States  in  his 
own  office,  and  that  of  the  depositories,  and  pays  out  the  same  upon  warrants 
drawn  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  countersigned  by  the  First  Comp 
troller,  and  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Postmaster-General,  and  counter 
signed  by  the  Sixth  Auditor,  and  recorded  by  the  Register.  He  also  holds 
public  moneys  advanced  by  warrant  to  disbursing  officers,  and  pays  out  the 
same  upon  their  checks. 

The  Register  keeps  the  accounts  of  public  receipts  and  expenditures ;  re 
ceives  the  returns,  and  makes  out  the  official  statement  of  commerce  and 
navigation  of  the  United  States ;  and  receives  from  the  First  Comptroller  and 
Commissioner  of  Customs  all  accounts  and  vouchers  decided  by  them,  and  is 
charged  by  law  with  their  safe-keeping. 

The  Solicitor  superintends  all  civil  suits  commenced  by  the  United  States, 
(except  those  arising  in  the  Post  Office  Department,}  and  instructs  the  United 
States  attorneys,  marshals,  and  clerks  in  all  matters  relating  to  them,  and 
their  results.  He  receives  returns  from  each  term  of  the  United  States  Courts, 
showing  the  progress  and  condition  of  such  suits ;  has  charge  of  all  lands 
and  other  property  assigned  to  the  United  States  in  payment  of  debts,  (except 
tJwse  assigned  in  payment  of  debts  due  to  the  Post  Office  Department^)  and  has 
power  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 

The  Light-House  Board.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  ex  officio,  presi 
dent  of  this  board.  It  directs  the  building  and  repairing  of  light-houses, 
light-vessels,  buoys,  and  beacons,  contracts  for  supplies  of  oil,  etc. 

United  States  Coast  Survey.  The  coast  survey  officer  is  charged  with  the 
superintendence  of  the  survey  of  the  coast  of  the  United  States,  and  its  super 
intendent  is  the  superintendent  of  weights  and  measures. 

The  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  has  charge  of  every  thing  connected  with 
the  issuing  of  money. 

The  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  has  charge  of  all  matters  connected 
with  the  Tax  Laws. 

The  Supervising  Architect  has  charge  of  the  construction  of  public  buildings. 

The  Special  Commissioner  of  Revenue  is  required  by  law  to  investigate  the 
sources  of  national  revenue,  the  best  methods  of  collecting  revenue,  the  ad 
ministration  of  existing  revenue  laws,  and  the  relation  of  foreign  trade,  to 
domestic  industry. 

CHIEF  OFFICERS  IN  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT.* 

Secretary  of  the  Trecmiry HUGH  MCCULLOCH $8,000 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury JOHN  F.  HARTLEY 3,500 

Chief  Clerk WILLIAM  H.  WEST 2,200 

Special  Commissioner  of  Revenue DAVID  A.  WELLS 4,000 


*  Corrected  at  Treasury  Department,  Oct.  1868. 


COLLECTORS  OF  CUSTOMS. 


97 


Supervising  Architect A.  B.  MULLETT $3,000 

Assistant  Architect B.  OERTLEY 2,000 

Director  of  Bureau  of  Statistics ALEXANDER  DELMAR  (a) 3,500 

Chief  Clerk DEWILTON  HAINES 2,000 

First  Comptroller II.  W.  TAYLOR 3,000 

Chief  Clerk W.  H.  JONES 2,000 

First  Auditor T.  L.  SMITH 3,000 

Chief  Clerk DAVID  W.  MAHON 2,000 

Second  Auditor E.  B.  FRENCH 3,000 

Chief  Clerk F.  ANDREWS 2,000 

Third  Auditor JOHN  WILSON 3,000 

Chief  Clerk A.  M.  GANGEWER 2,000 

Fourth  Auditor S.  J.  W.  TABOR 3,000 

Chief  Clerk WILLIAM  B.  MOORE 2,000 

Fifth  Auditor C.  M.  WALKER 3,000 

Chief  Clerk T.  M.  SMITH 2,000 

Sixth  Auditor II.  J.  ANDERSON 3,000 

Chief  Clerk J.  M.  MCGREW 2,000 

Treasurer  of  the  United  Slates FRANCIS  E.  SPINNER 5,000 

Asst.  Treasurer  of  the  United  States L.  R.  TUTTLE 2,500 

Register  of  tJie  Treasury •. N.  L.  JEFFRIES 3,000 

Assistant  Register  of  tJie  Treasury J.  A.  GRAHAM. 2,000 

Chief  Clerk B.  F.  RITTENHOUSE 2,000 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency H.  R.  HULBURD 5,000 

Deputy  Comptroller. JOHN  JAY  KNOX 2,500 

Chief  First  Division S.  M.  CLARK 

Commissioner  Internal  Revenue EDWARD  'A.  ROLLINS 4.000 

Deputy  Commissioner  Internal  Revenue . . .  THOMAS  HARLAND 2,500 

"  '•      ...GEORGE  PARNELL 2,506 

"  "      ...J.  E.  RISLEY 2,500 

Solicitor  of  the  Treasury EDWARD  JORDAN 3,500 

Assistant  Solicitor  of  the  Treasury H.  A.  RISLEY 3,000 

Chief  Clerk B.  F.  PLEASANTS 2,000 

Commissioner  of  Customs NATHAN  SARGENT 3,000 

Chief  Clerk THOMAS  FERAN 2,000 

Appointment  Clerk C.  EATON  CREECY 1,800 

COLLECTORS  OF  CUSTOMS  AT  THE  DIFFERENT  PORTS. 

ALABAMA.  Pensacola Beni.  D.  Wright 

,,  ,.,  AiKoH-  "Fimnrp  St.  Augustine. ..  Andrew  J.  GOBS 

JIl?hlle F    T  Mnr "an* St.  John's Paran  Moody. . . 

Selma A^A.K?       St.  Mark's Thos.  A.  Stayner 

Sitka ™ram  KetdlUm'  Jr Brunswick M°B°  HoHand. . . 

CALIFORNIA.  Savannah James  Johnson 

San  Francisco. . .  J.  F.  Miller $6,400    St.  Mary's John  J.  Godfrey 

CONNECTICUT.  INDIANA. 

Fairfield John  Brooks 1.830   Evansville Isaac  Cassclberry* $950 

Middletown Origen  Utley 1,515    Michigan  City. .  .Thomas  Jerncgan* 

New  Haven Jas.  F.  Babcock 3,000   New  Albany Jacob  Anthony* 

New  London Edward  Prentiss 3,057 

Stonington George  Hubbard 650  ILLINOIS. 

Alton  . .     James  Newman* 300 

DELAWARE.  Oairo Daniel  Arter 800 

Wilmington T.  F.  Crawford 3,500   Chicago Walter  B.  Scates 2,730 

Galena Daniel  Wann* 49S 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  Peoria Robert  L.  Farr* 350 

Georgetown J.  A.  Magruder 3,000    Quincy Elisha  B.  Hamilton* 558 

FLORIDA.  .  IOWA. 

Apalachicola A.  W.  Chapman Burlington J.  C.  Abercrombie* 500 

Fernamlina Geo.  S.  Roux !  Dubuque Jesse  M.  Harrison* 378 

Key  West Charles  Howe 1,528  i  Keokuk John  Stannus* 400 

(a)  Until  January,  1S69.  *  Surveyors. 


98 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


KENTUCKY. 

Louisville Richard  R.  Boiling*.. .  .$3,000 

Paducah John  P.  Harris* 1,000 

LOUISIANA. 

New  Orleans. . . .Wm.  P.  Kellogg 6,000 

Teche R.  W.  Mullen 

MAINE. 

Bangor John  H.  Rice 3,000 

Bath E.  S.  J.  Neally 2,681 

Belfast Truman  Harmon 3,000 

Frenchman' s  Bay  W.  B.  Peters 2,594 

Kennebunk N.  K.  Sargent (500 

Machias S.  Longfellow 2,051 

Passamaquoddy.  Washington  Long 3,400 

Penobscot S.  K.  Devereaux 2,980 

Portland I.  Washburn,  Jr 6,400 

Saco William  Hobson 250 

Waldoboro Jas.  A.  Hall 

Wiscasset Joseph  E.  Smith 958 

York J.  S.  Putnam 278 

MARYLAND. 


Annapolis John  G.  Taylor 

Baltimore Edwin  H.  Webster 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Barnstable Chas.  F.  Swift 

Boston  and 
Charlestown.. .Thomas  Russell 

Edgarton John  Vinson 

Fan  River James  Brady,  Jr 

Gloucester Wm.  A.  Pew 

Marblehead William  Standley 

Nantucket Isaac  H.  Folger 

New  Bedford Lawrence  Grinnell 

Newburyport....E.  G.  Currier 

Plymouth Thos.  Loring 

Salem  and  Bev 
erly  R.  S.  Rantoul 

MICHIGAN. 

Detroit Nelson  G.  Isbell 

Grand  Haven H.  C.  Ackerly 

Port  Huron J.  P.  Sanborn 

Saut  Ste  Marie.  .John  R.  Dillingham. . . 
MISSISSIPPI. 

Natchez F.  J.  Mead 

Pearl  River Robert  Eager 

Vicksburgh J.  A.  Klein 

MISSOURI. 

St.  Louis S.  M.  Breckenridge*. . . 

MINNESOTA. 

Pembina Joseph  Lemay 

MONTANA  AND  IDAHO. 

Helena John  X.  Beidler 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Portsmouth Joseph  B.  Upham 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Bridgetown J.  H.  Elmer 

Burlington Wm.  L.  Ashmore 

Camden P.  T.  Gray 

Gt.  E<r«-  Harbor.  .1.  S.  Adams 

L'tle  Esg  Harb. .  Jarvie  H.  Bartlett 

Newark Wm.  Silvey 

New  Brunswick.  James  Ryno* 

Perth  Amboy. . . .  J.  L.  Boggs 

NEW  YORK. 

Albany Peter  M.  Carmichael*.. 

Buffalo J.  K.Tyler 

Cape  Vincent. . . .  D.  B.  Owen 

Dunkirk Geo.  M.  Abell 

Greenport E.  E.  D.  Skinner 

New  York Henry  A.  Smyth 


...310 
.6,000 

.3,000 

.6.400 
.1,157 
.2,305 

.'..475 
...313 

.2,807 
.1.495 
.1,095 

.1,005 
.2,500 


.1,000 


.3,000 


..515 
.1,200 
.1,881 
.1,442 

.'..422 


.3,306 


.2,500! 
.2,500 
.  500 
.2.500 
.6.400 


Oswego A.  Van  Dyck $2,500 

Ogdeiisburg George  Parker 2,500 

Puittsburg    J.  Parmenter 

Rochester Thomas  Parsons 

Sag  Harbor W.  S.  Havens 

Susp.  Bridge  .  ...F.  Spanieling 2,500 

Troy Leo  Kirchner 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Beaufort John  A.  Hedrick 1,991 

Edenton C.  G.  Manning 

Newbern It.  W.  King 

Wilmington Denard  Rumley 

OHIO. 

Cincinnati George  W.  Neff* 1,800 

Cleveland J.  C.  Granniss 2,500 

Toledo Patrick  S.  Slevin 2,500 

Sandusky John  Youngs 2,500 

OREGON. 

Astoria Alanson  Hinman 3,000 

Chester Simon  Litzenburg* 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Erie  Thomas  Wilkins 2,500 

Philadelphia Jos.  W.  Cake 6,000 

Pittsburgh" G.  C.  McLean* 1,500 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Bristol  &  Warren  W.  R.  Taylor 1,428 

East  Greenwich. Joseph  Spencer* 

Newport S.  W.  Macy 1,558 

North  Kingston.. Asa  B.  Waite* 

Pawcatuck George  D.  Cross* 

Pawtuxet W.  W.  Gorton 

Providence Charles  Anthony 2,195 

Tiverton Cyrenus  Bliss* 

Warren Henry  W.  Gladding* 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Charleston A.  G.  Mackey 

Georgetown Henry  F.  Heriot 

Port  Royal James  L.  Barmvell 1,500 

TENNESSEE. 

Nashville John  M.  Byers 

Memphis D.  C.  Trader* 3,000 

TEXAS. 

Brownsville A.  A.  Crawford 

Corpus  Christi . . Thomas  W.  Ward 

El  Paso Wm.  W.  Mills 

Galyeston Constant  K.  Hall 

Indian ola James  W.  Hancock 

La  Vaca Wm.  S.  Chichester 

Saluria Charles  Taylor 

Velasco Wm.  C.  Wagley * 

VERMONT. 

Burlington G.  J.  Stannard 1,000 

VIRGINIA. 

Accomack  C.  H . .  Henry  P.  Parker* 

Alexandria Andrew  Jamieson 1,160 

Eastville Lloyd  Moore 

Norfolk  &  Ports 
mouth Lewis  W.  Webb 

Parkersburg Thomas  G.  Gordon*.' 

Petersburg Wm.  E.  Wells 

Richmond J.  M.  Humphreys 

Tappahannock  .  .James  M.  Matthews 

Yorktown Edward  C.  Darlington  . . . 

WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 
Puget  Sound.... F.  A.Wilson 1,000 

.  WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Wheeling Thomas  O'Brien 350 

WISCONSIN. 
Milwaukee C.  L.  Sholes 1,285 


*  Surveyors. 


1869.] 


ASSESSORS  AND  COLLECTORS  OP  INTERNAL  REVENUE. 


99 


ASSESSORS   AND   COLLECTORS   OF   INTERNAL   REVENUE. 


DIST.  ASSESSORS.  ADDRESS. 

1.  William  D.  Mann Mobile. 

2.  Edward  LaCroix Selma. 

3.  Richard  S.  Watkins Russellville. 


Henry  A.  Bigelow Prescott. 


ALABAMA. 

COLLECTORS.  ADDRESS. 

Moses  S.  Foote Mobile. 

George  W.  Colby Selrna. 

Robert  Johnston Huntsville. 

ARIZONA. 

Levi  Bashford. . .  ...  Prescott. 


ARKANSAS. 

1.  James  S.  Smith Elgin.  Lucien  W.  Coy DuvalFs  Bluff. 

2.  John  M.  Oliver Little  Rock.  William  J.  Patton Little  Rock. 

3.  John  Edwards Fort  Smith.  Samuel  F.  Cooper Van  Buren. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Lewis  C.  Gunn San  Francisco.  Frank  Soule San  Francisco. 

O.  H.  Burnham Oakland.  Theodore  T.  Tidball Santa  Cruz. 

Silas  H.  Axtell Stockton.  John  Sedgwick Stockton. 

Thos.  J.  Blakeney Sacramento.  Alfred  Briggs Sacramento. 

W.  C.  S.  Smith Napa  City. 


W.  A.  Eliason Santa  Rosa. 


Daniel  Witter Denver. 


COLORADO. 

George  W.  Brown Denver. 


CONNECTICUT. 

1.  Alphonso  C.  Crosby Rockville.  Henry  A.  Grant Hartford. 

2.  John  B.  Wright Clinton.  Samuel  Babcock New  Haven. 

3.  Jesse  S.  Ely Norwich.  Henry  Hammond Norwich. 

4.  Reuben  Rockwell Bridgeport.  D.  F.  Hollister Bridgeport. 

DAKOTA. 
David  M.  Miller Elk  Point.  William  Shriner Vennillion. 

DELAWARE. 
George  B.  Dixon Dover.  Charles  H.  B.  Day Dover. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 
Peter  M.  Pearson Washington.  Lewis  Clephane Washington. 

FLORIDA. 
Lemuel  Wilson Fernandina.  Marcellus  A.  Williams . . .  Femandina. 


Lloyd  D.  Waddcll Savannah. 

Joseph  E.  Webster Columbus, 

John  Bowles Augusta. 

Wm.  H.  Watson Atlanta. 

Austin  Savage Boise  City. 


GEORGIA. 

Alexander  N.  Wilson Savannah. 

Jas.  C.  McBurney Macon. 

William  D.  Bard Augusta. 

James  Atkins ...  . .  .Atlanta. 


IDAHO. 


J.  Gary  Geer Boise  City. 


ILLINOIS. 


Martin  R.  M.  Wallace  . . .  Chicago. 

Duncan  Ferguson Rockford. 

Andrew  J.  Warner ProphetstoWn. 

Moses  M.  Bane Quincy. 

George  I.  Bergen Galesburg. 

Quincy  D.  Whitman Ottawa. 

R.  H.  Carnahan Danville. 

Dudley  Wickersham Springfield. 

Henry  L.  Bryant Lewistown. 

James  Fishback Jacksonville. 

Jonathan  Biggs Olney. 

William  C.  Kueffner Belleville. 

Samuel  H.  Almon Tamaroa. 


John  M.  Corse Chicago. 

Wm.  B.  Allen Aurora. 

Robert  Little Freeport. 

Jackson  Grimshaw Quincy. 

William  Kellogg Peoria. 

C.  M.  Hammond Joliet. 

W.  T.  Cunningham Danville. 

Edwin  S.  McCook Springfield. 

Leonard  F.  Ross Avon. 

Nathan  M.  Knapp Winchester. 

Robert  D.  Noleman Centralia. 

Willard  C.  Flagg Alton. 

Daniel  G.  Hay Cairo. 


100 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1SC9. 


DI* 
1. 

2. 
3. 
4, 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 

1. 
9. 

3. 
4. 
5. 
G. 

1. 

2. 
8. 

4. 
5. 
8. 

7. 
8. 

'J. 

1. 
2. 
8. 

1. 
9. 
8. 
4. 
6. 

1. 
9. 
8. 
4. 
5. 

1. 
9. 
8. 

4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
Hi 

r.          ASSESSORS. 
Joseph  G.  Bowman 

INDIANA. 

ADDRESS.                         COLLECTORS. 

Vincennes                    Horace  B  Sheuard 

ADDRESS. 

J.  G.  Harrison 

New  Albany                 B  F  Scribner 

Hagermann  Tripp 

North  Vernon.             Smith  Jones 

Richard  H.  Swift  

..Brookville.                  G.V.Stevenson 

Aurora 

Henry  W.  Shumau  
David  Braden  

..Milton.                          William  Grose 

Newcastle 

.  .Indianapolis.                Austin  H.  Brown  .  .  . 

Indianapolis. 
Terre  Haute. 
Lafayette. 
South  Bend 

James  Farrington  
Thomas  W.  Fry  
David  Turner  
George  D.  Copeland.  .  . 
Hervey  Craven  

James  B  Weaver 

.  .  Terre  Haul  e.                J.I.  Alexander  , 
.  .  Lafayette.                     John  S.  Williams  .  .  . 
Crown  Point                Norman  Eddy 

.  .Goshen.                        Warren  H.  Withers  . 
.  .  Anderson.                    John  F.  Wildmau  
IOWA. 
Bloomfield.                  William  W.  Belknap 

Fort  Wayne. 
Anderson. 

Keokuk. 
Davenport. 
Dubuque. 
Sigouruey. 
,  .  .  .  .Dcs  Moines. 

George  Meason  
Lucius  L.  Huntley  
John  Connell 

.  .Muscatine.                   James  Armstrong  
.  .Dubuque.                     D.  B.  Henderson  
Toledo.                         Alonzo  J.  Pope  

Cole  Noel 

Adel.                             L.  P.  Sherman  

Thomas  H.  Benton,  Jr. 
Thomas  J.  Sternbergh. 

William  T.  Owsley  
Thomas  S  Pettit 

Marshalltown.             Albert  Head  

.  .  .  .  .New  Jeft'erson. 

KANSAS. 
.  .Lawrence.                    George  T.  Anthony. 

KENTUCKY. 
Paducah                       John  D  Kelly 

Leavenworth. 
Paducah 

Owensboro                   James  A  Wallace 

Hopkinsville 

Thomas  W.  Campbell  . 
William  M.  Spencer.  .  . 
Edgar  Needham  
J.  C.  Sayres  
Benjamin  Gratz  
Thoma^  Z  Morrow 

.  Bowling  Green.           Erasmus  L.  Mottley., 

Bowling  Green. 

.  .Lebanon.                      John  R.  Becklcy  
.  .  Louisville.                    Philip  Speed  

Shelbyville. 
Louisville. 

..Covington.                   William  M.  Murphy. 
.  .Lexington.                   Robert  M.  Kelly  
Somerset.                     Wm.  J.  Landram 

Covington. 
Lexington. 
Lancaster. 

Samuel  L.  Elaine  

Lewis  Wolfley  
James  H.  Veazie  
A.  W.  Norcross  

N  G  Marshall 

Maysville.                    Fielder  C.  Barnes 

Mount  Sterling 

LOUISIANA. 
..New  Orleans.              James  B.  Steedman.. 
..Baton  Rouge.               Ernest  M.  Boligny.. 
..Monroe.                       Eugene  Tisdale  , 

MAINE. 

Portland                       N  J  Miller 

New  Orleans. 
Baton  Rouge. 
Monroe. 

...Portland. 

Hannibal  Belcher  
Selden  Conner  
George  P.  Sewall  
Nathaniel  A.  Joy  

Thomas  K.  Carroll  

Farmin°'ton                  Jesse  S  Lyford.. 

Lewiston. 

.  .Kendall's  Mills.           P.  F.  Sanborn  
Oldtown                       Jeremiah  Fenno      .   , 

Augusta. 
Bangor. 

.  .  Ellsworth.                    David  Howe  

MARYLAND. 
.  .  Church  Creek.             Wm.  H.  Smith  

Lincolnville. 

Easton. 
Baltimore. 

Cumberland. 
Annapolis  Juno. 

Fall  River. 

John  W.  Webster  
Wm  E.  W.  Ross  

.  .  Baltimore.                    James  L.  Ridgely  .  .  .  . 
"                             Wm.  A.  Wieong  

John  Van  Lear  

Ha^erstown.                George  W.  Harrison  . 

William  Welling 

Ellicott's  Mills.            Arthur  P.  Gorman  .  .  . 

Charles  G.  Davis  
Nathaniel  Wales  
W  R  Lee 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Plymouth                     James  Buffin^ton 

.  .Stoughton.                   Benj.  W.  Harris  
.Boston.                         Wm.  H.  McCartney  .  . 

East  Bridgewater. 
Boston. 

Oti«  Clapp 

"                               John  Sargent  

Eben  F.  Stone  
Phineas  J.  Stone  
C.  C.  Esty  

.  .  Newburyport.              Charles  C.  Dame  
Charlestown                 Nathaniel  S  Howe 

Newburyport. 
Haverhill. 

Framinfham                John  Nesmith 

Lowell. 

Worcester.                   A.  B.  R.  Sprague  

Worcester. 

Amasa  Norcross 

Fitchburo-.                    D.  W.  Alvord  

Greenfield. 
...North  Adams. 

C.  N.  Emerson  .  .. 

.  .  Pittsfield.                     E.  R.  Tinker  .  .  . 

ASSESSORS  AND  COLLECTORS  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE. 


101 


DIST 
} 

ASSESSORS. 

MICHIGAN. 
ADDRESS.                     COLLECTORS. 
Detroit.                          David  E  Harbau»h 

ADDRESS. 

Detroit 

2. 
3 

Alexander  H.  Morrison. 
G  T  Gridley 

.St.  Joseph.                   F.  W.  Curtenius  
Jackson                         C  II  Miller 

..Kalamazoo. 
Ann  Arbor 

4 

We^tbrook  Divine 

Ionia                              Sluman  S.  Bailey.     ... 

.  Grand  Rapids. 

5 

Pontiac                         Benj.  C.  Gunn  

..Utica. 

6. 

1. 

2 

Henry  Raymond  

William  McMicken  
Robert  N  McLaren 

.Bay  City.                      G.  W.  Fish  

MINNESOTA. 
.  Mantorville.                John  J.  Randall  
St  Paul                        A  C.  Morrill 

..Flint. 

.  .  Winona. 
Minneapolis. 

1 

William  J  Britton 

MISSISSIPPI. 
Hazlehurst.                   Edwin  G.  Cook       .    .  . 

.  Hazlehurst. 

2 

Thomas  S  White 

Brandon.                       Martin  Keary  

.  .  .  Vicksburg. 

3, 
1 

Lewis  D.  Viser  
Theophile  Papin 

.  Oxford.                         William  W.  Willis  

MISSOURI. 
St  Louis.                     Barton  Able. 

...Corinth. 
St  Louis 

o 

John  H  Fox 

DeSoto.                         Bernard  Zwart 

Ironton 

3. 

-1 

Joseph  A.  Hay  
Joseph  B  Douglass 

.LaGrange.                     Charles  P.  Hey  wood.. 
Columbia.                     Alex.  H.  Martin. 

.  .Hannibal. 
Troy 

f> 

Mack  J.  Leaminf. 

Sedalia.                        William  C.  Chanaler 

Pleasant  Hill 

C. 

Elisha  F.  Rogers 

Kansas  City.                James  Craig. 

St  Joseph 

Truman  C.  Evarts 

MONTANA. 
Virginia  City.              N  P  Lan"ford 

Frederick  Renner  
Warren  Wasson        .   . 

NEBRASKA. 
.  Nebraska  City.            Joseph  E.  Lamaster  .  .  . 

NEVADA. 
.  Carson  City.                Stephen  T.  Gage 

'..Nebraska  City. 
Virginia  City. 

1. 
9 

George  M.  Herring  
Isaac  W  Smith 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
.Farmington.                James  M.  Lovering  .  .  . 
Manchester.                 John  Kimball 

..Exeter. 
Concord 

8 

Bolivar  Lovell 

Alstead.                       Chester  Pike 

1. 

2, 

Benjamin  Acton  
Anthony  Reckless  

NEW  JERSEY. 
.  Salem.                          William  P.  Tatum  
.Red  Bank.                    Stephen  B.  Smith  

.  .  .Camden. 
...Trenton. 

8 

Robert  Rushling    .   .   .  . 

.Hackettstown.             Elston  Marsh 

Plainfleld 

4. 
5. 

Benj.  F.  Robinson  
Robert  B.  Hathorn  

.Ridgewood.                  John  B.  Headley  
.  Newark.                       Jacob  Weart  

...Morris  town. 
...Jersey  City. 

William  Breeden  

NEW  MEXICO. 
.  Santa  Fe.                     Charles  Blumner 

Santa  Fe. 

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

Wm.  R.  Cummings  
John  Williams  
Thomas  Welwood  
Pierre  C.  Van  Wyck.  .  . 
David  Miller  

NEW  YORK. 
.Jamaica.                       George  F.  Carman  
.Brooklyn.                     Reuben  S.  Torrey  
"                            Edward  T.  Wood  
.  New  York.                   Joshua  F.  Bailey  
"                            Lewis  J  Kirk 

...Long  Island  City. 
...Brooklyn. 

...Nev>  York. 

6. 

7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

John  F.  Cleveland  
Merwin  R.  Brewer  
Thomas  B.  Aston  
Homer  Franklin  
Abram  Hyatt  

Maunsell  B.  Field  
"                              Marshall  B.  Blake  
"                              Alexander  Spaulding.. 
"                            Thomas  O'Callaghan.  . 
.  Sing  Sing.                    John  M.  Mason  

.  .  .  Yonkers. 

11. 

James  C.  Curtis  

.Cochecton.                   John  G  Wilkin 

Middletown. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

Benj.  P.  Carpenter  
J.  Atwood  Cooke  
John  G.  Treadwell  .... 
Philip  H.  Neher  

.Poughkeepsie.             Peter  E.  Van  Alstyn  .  . 
.  Catskill.                        E.  W.  Buddington  
.Albany.                         Theodore  Townsend.  . 
.  Troy.                             James  Forsyth  

...Kinderhook. 
.  .  .  Kingston. 
...Albany. 
.  .  .  Troy. 

102 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


DIST.              ASSESSOKS. 

16.    Lawrence  Myers. 

ADDRESS. 

Plattsburgh. 

COLLECTORS. 

Samuel  T.  Richards  
Erasmus  D.  Brooks  .... 
Allen  C.  Churchill  
George  W.  Ernst  
Lawrence  L.  Merry  
Levi  Blakeslee      

ADDRESS. 

.  .Warreusburgh. 
..Potsdam. 
.  .  Gloversville. 
.  .Cooperstown. 
.  .Ilion. 
.  TJtica. 

17.    D.  H.  Stanton  
18.    Alex.  H.  Palmer  
19.    David  L.  Follett  .... 

.Malone. 
.Schenectady. 
Norwich. 

20.    Nelson  J.  Beach  
21.    Charles  M.  Dennison  .  .  . 
22.    William  H.  Wheeler.  .  .  . 
23.    William  Candee 

.Watson. 
.Rome. 
.Oswego. 

Syracuse. 

Ralph  H.  Avery 

Canastota, 

Silas  F.  Smith 

Syracuse. 

24.    Joseph  W.  Gates 

Lyons. 

William  A.  Halsey  
Farley  Holmes  
Simon  C.  Hitchcock  
Oscar  J.  Averill  
Samuel  P.  Allen  
Hiram  W.  Hascall    

..Port  Byron. 
.  .Penn-Yan. 
.  .Binghamton. 
..Elmira. 
..Rochester. 
..Batavia. 
Buffalo. 

25.    Lewis  Peck. 

Phelps. 

26.    Henry  R.  Wells. 

Owe^o. 

27.    Curtis  C.  Gardiner  . 

Elmira. 

28.    John  W.  Graves 

Medina. 

29.    James  P.  Murphy 

.  Lockport. 
.Buffalo. 
.Jamestown. 
.New  York. 

NORTH  CAB< 

.Elizabeth  City. 
.Wilson. 
.Fayetteville. 
Chapel  Hill. 
.Greensboro. 
.Salisbury. 

30.    James  C.  Strong  
31.    Lewis  Hall  
32.    E.  D.  Webster  

1  .    Robinson  Piemont  
2.    Jennings  Pigott  
3.    William  H.  Worth...... 
4.    Solomon  Pool  

Adrian  R.  Root  

Charles  Kennedy. 

Dunkirk. 

Sheridan  Shook. 

.  New  York. 

5LINA. 

William  E.  Bond  

..Eden  ton. 

Lewellyn  G.  Estes  
Charles  W  Woollen 

..Wilmington. 
Fayetteville 

John  Reed 

Warrenton 

5.    Jesse  Wheeler  

John  Crane 

Greensboro 

6.    Hardie  H.  Helper  

Samuel  H  Wiley 

Salisbury 

7.    Joseph  Hamilton  

1.    Horace  G.  Storms  
2.    Conduce  G.  Megrew  .  .  . 
3.    Obadiah  C  .  Maxwell  
4     David  M.  Fleming. 

.Hendersonville. 

OHIO. 
.  Cincinnati. 
.Cincinnati. 
.Dayton. 
Pi  qua 

John  B.  Weaver  
Leonard  A.  Harris.. 

..Ashville. 
Cincinnati. 

S.  J.  McGroarty 

Cincinnati. 

Ferdinand  Van  Derveer 
William  W  Wilson 

..Hamilton. 
Urbana 

5     James  S.  Robinson  . 

Kenton 

Cloys  B  Wilson 

..Findlay. 
..Hillsborough. 
..Columbus. 
..Delaware. 
Sandusky. 

6.    Carr  B.  White  

.Georgetown. 

William  0.  Collins  
B.  F.  Martin  

7.    John  T.  Hogne  

.Xenia. 

8.    Milton  W.  Warden  
9.    James  Lewis  
10.    M.  W.  Hubbell  

.Mansfield. 
.Bucyrus. 
.Toledo. 
.Ironton. 
Lancaster. 

Eugene  Powell  
George  J.  Anderson 

Harry  Chase  

..Toledo. 
..Portsmouth. 
..Lancaster. 
.  .Zanesville. 
.  .Wooster. 

11     Elias  Nigh 

Benj.  F.  Coates  

12     John  M  Connell 

John  A.  Hunter  
Albert  A.  Guthrie  
Lucas  Flattery  

13.    George  B.  Arnold  

.Mount  Vernon. 

14.    Willard  Slocum  
15.    George  M.  Woodbridge. 
16.    John  Sargent  

.Ashland. 
.Marietta. 
.New  Philadelphia. 

W.  P.  Richardson  
Charles  J.  Albright  
Kent  Jarvis 

..Marietta. 
..Cambridge. 
Masillon. 

17.    Anson  G.  McCook  
18     Lovett  S  Morton 

.Steubenville. 
Cleveland. 

Thomas  Jones,  Jr. 

Cleveland. 

19.    Chas.  A.  Harrington  
Thoma^  Frazer 

.Warren. 

OREGOK 

Portland 

Henry  Fassett. 

.Ashtabula. 

r. 

Mednram  Crawfnrrl 

Portland. 

1     John  W  Frazier 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Philadelphia.                Charles  Abel 

Philadelphia. 

2.    Clifford  S.  Phillips  
3.    William  B.  Elliot  
4.    Revie  J.  Fongeray  
5.    Richardson  L.  Wright  .  . 
6.    Francis  Z.  Heebner  
7.    J.  Lee  Englebert  
8.    Solomon  Close  
9.    John  B.  Warfel  
10.    Jeremiah  Seitzin^er  

.Frankford. 
.Allentown. 
.Westchester. 
.Reading. 
.Lancaster. 
.Pottsville. 

John  H  Diehl 

Samuel  M.  Zuelick  
Alex.  Cummings  

Joseph  Barnsley 

Doylestown 

Abram  B.  Longaker  
William  M.  Swayne  
Diller  Luther 

.  .Norristown. 
..Westchester. 
Reading. 

William  M.  Wiley  

Lancaster. 

James  A.  Inness..  . 

..Pottsville. 

1869.]  ASSESSORS  AND  COLLECTORS  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE.  103 

DI3T.  ASSESSORS.  ADDRESS.  COLLECTORS.  ADDRESS. 

11.  William  Mutchler Easton.  Josiah  P.  Hetrick Easton. 

12.  William  M.  Post Susquehanna  Depot.  Caleb  E.  Wright Wilkesbarre. 

13.  Robert'!1.  Clarke Bloomsburg.  H.  Lawrence  Scott Towanda. 

14.  Thomas  J.  Jordan Harrisburg.  Charles  H.  Shriner Mifflinburg. 

15.  Henry  Welsh York.  William  P.  Lloyd Mechanicsburg. 

16.  William  McSherry Littlestown.  Charles  W.  Ashcom Hopewell. 

17.  J.  Sewall  Stewart Huntingdon.  Wesley  I.  Rose Johnstown. 

18.  Robert  H.  Forster Bellefonte.  Henry  A.  Gurnsey Williamsport. 

19.  Daniel  Livingston Curwensville.  John  W.  Douglass Erie. 

20.  John  B.  Hays Meadville.  Peter  McGough Franklin. 

21.  A.  G.  Booth,  (acting) Brownsville.  William  H.  Markle Greensburg. 

22.  Henry  A.  Weaver Pittsburg.  Ferdinand  E.  Volz Pittsburg. 

23.  Daniel  E.  Nevin Allegheny  City.  John  M.  Sullivan Allegheny  City. 

24.  James  B.  Ruple Washington.  Archibald  Robertson Beaver  Falls. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  Thomas  G.  Turner Providence.  L.  B.  Frieze Providence. 

2.  Wm.  A.  Pirce Johnston.  Wm.  D.  Bray  ton Warwick. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

1.  C.  W.  Dudley Bennettsville.  Samuel  Mayrant Sumter. 

2.  Charles  J.  Hascall Charleston.  Fred.  A.  Sawyer Charleston. 

3.  H.  O.  Herrick Anderson.  Alex.  S.  Wallace Columbia. 

TENNESSEE. 

1.  John  P.  Holtsinger Greenville.  Elijah  Simerly Greenville. 

2.  Dan.  A.  Carpenter Knoxville.  J.  T.  Abernathy Knoxville. 

3.  Thos.  J.  Carlile Chattanooga.  P.A.Wilkinson Chattanooga. 

4.  William  T .  Tune Shelbyville.  Joseph  Ramsey Shelby ville. 

5.  John  McClelland Nashville.  Henry  L.  Norvell Nashville. 

6.  T.  J.  Cypert Waynesboro.  William  C.  Webb Linden. 

7.  Joseph  H.  Travis Paris.  Franklin  Travis Paris. 

8.  W.  W.  Thacher Memphis.  Rolfe  S.  Saunders Memphis. 

TEXAS. 

1.  James  Johnson Galveston.  Milton  Stapp Galveston. 

2.  Jos.  A.  Henderson Indianola.  Robert  H.  Lane Indianola. 

3.  John  L.  Haynes Austin.  Richard  N.  Lane Austin. 

4.  Horace  Bough  ton Marshall.  Lemuel  D.  Evans Marshall. 

UTAH. 
Augustus  L.  Chetlain. . .  .Gt.  Salt  Lake  City.       Robert  T.  Burton Gt.  Salt  Lake  City. 

VERMONT. 

1.  Wm.  C.  Kittredge Fair  Haven.  Joseph  Poland Montpelier. 

2.  Thos.  E.  Powers Woodstock.  Charles  S.  Dana St.  Johnsbury. 

3.  Henry  C.  Adams St.  Albans.  Anson  J.  Crane Burlington. 

VIRGINIA. 

1.  John  B.  Ailworth Drummondtown.  George  C.  Tyler Onancock. 

2.  John  M.  Donn Norfolk.  William  Selden Norfolk. 

8.  John  H.  Hudson Richmond.  John  E.  Mulford Richmond. 

4.  C.  W.  Barr Manchester.  Otis  H.  Russell Manchester. 

5.  Jacqueline  M.  Wood Lynchburg.  E.  B.  Pendleton Lynchburg. 

6.  John  H.  Freeman Lexington.  S.  R.  Sterling Harrisonburg. 

7.  William  M.  Fitzhugh ....  Fairfax  C.  H.  Thos.  L.  Sanborn Alexandria. 

8.  George  S.  Smith Marion.  George  W.  Jackson Wytheville. 

WASHINGTON. 
Samuel  D.  Howe Olympia.  Hazard  Stevens Olympia. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

1.  Albert  G.  Leonard Parkersburg.  Benj.  F.  Kelly Wheeling. 

2.  John  R.  Drabell Morgantown.  George  W.  Brown Grafton. 

3.  Thomas  Thornburg Cabell  C.  H.  John  H.  Oley Kanawha  C.  H. 


104  TUE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

WISCONSIN. 
DIST.  ASSESSORS.  ADDRESS.  COLLECTORS.  ADDRESS. 

1.  George  B.  Bingham Milwaukee.  George  Q.  Erskine Milwaukee. 

2.  Henry  Ilarnden Madison.  Henry  M.  Lewis Madison. 

3.  Smith  S.  Wilkinson Prairie  du  Sac.  J.  II.  Warren Monroe. 

4.  S.  M.  Smead Fond  du  Lac.  John  J.  Williams Beaver  Dam. 

5.  Jacob  S.  Bugh Wautoma.  A.  K.  Osborne .New  London. 

6.  Lute  A.  Taylor Prescott.  Charles  Shuter Sparta. 


UNITED  STATES  COAST  SURVEY. 

Superintendent BENJAMIN  PIERCE $G,000 

Hydrographic  Inspector C.  P.  PATTERSON 2,825 

Assistant  in  charge  of  Office J.  E.  HILGARD 2,300 

General  Disbursing  Agent SAMUEL  HEIN 2,500 

The  coast  survey  has  for  its  object  the  production  of  accurate  charts  of  the 
coasts  and  harbors  of  the  United  States.  With  a  shore  line,  including  bays 
and  islands,  and  exclusive  of  Alaska,  of  more  than  21,000  miles  in  length  ; 
and  with  a  commerce  extending  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  rapidly  increas 
ing,  the  importance  to  the  country  of  this  branch  of  the  public  service  will 
be  readily  appreciated. 

The  work  was  commenced  on  the  Eastern  or  Atlantic  coast  in  1832,  under 
the  superintendence  of  Professor  F.  R.  Hasslcr,  and  after  his  death  in  1843, 
was  continued  under  the  superintendence  of  late  Prof.  Alexander  D.  Bache, 
and  extended  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  On  the  acquisition  of  California,  the 
Pacific  coast  was  included  in  the  survey,  and  since  the  treaty  with  Russia, 
by  which  Alaska  was  brought  under  the  government  of  the  United  States, 
the  survey  has  been  extended  to  that  Territory.  The*  whole  work  is  under 
the  administrative  direction  of  the  Treasury  Department.  Upon  the  Super 
intendent  devolves  the  duty  of  planning  its  operations,  for  the  scientific 
accuracy  of  which  he  is  responsible.  The  Corps  of  Assistants  is  composed 
of  three  classes, — civilians,  and  army  and  navy  officers.  The  work  is  divided 
into  three  branches, — the  geodetic,  topographic,  and  hydrographic  surveys. 
The  geodetic  survey  accurately  determines  the  relative  positions  on  the  sur 
face  of  the  earth  of  a  great  number  of  prominent  points,  by  a  system  of  tri- 
angulation  and  observation  of  the  true  meridian  lines,  and  of  latitude  and 
longitude.  The  positions  fixed  by  the  triangulation  form  the  ground-work 
of  the  topographic  survey  which  delineates  the  shore-line  of  the  coasts,  bays, 
and  rivers ;  the  shape  and  heights  of  hills ;  the  position  of  roads,  houses, 
woods,  marshes,  and  fields, — in  short  all  noteworthy  features  of  the  coun 
try.  The  hydrographic  survey  based  upon  the  points  and  shore-lines  fur 
nished  by  the  triangulation  and  topography,  delineates  the  hidden  config 
uration  of  the  sea  bottom,  discovers  channels,  shoals,  and  rocks,  assigns  their 
true  positions,  and  shows  the  depth  of  water  and  character  of  the  bottom 
over  the  whole  extent  of  the  chart. 

The  observations  made  in  the  progress  of  the  survey  are  arranged  and  pub 
lished  with  illustrative  plates,  topographic  maps  and  hydrographic  charts. 


1869.]  LIGHT-HOUSE  DISTRICTS.  105 

LIGHT-HOUSE  BOARD. 

President,  ex-officio .' HUGH  MCCULLOCH,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Chairman Rear  Admiral,  W.  B.  SHUBRICK. 

Naval  Secretary ANDREW  A.  HARWOOD. 

Engineer  Secretary O.  M.  POE. 

Chief  Clerk BENJ.  U.  KEYSER. 

LIGHT-HOUSE  DISTRICTS  AND  OFFICERS. 

In  conformity  with  the  Act  of  Congress  of  August  31,  1852,  12  Light-House  Districts  have 
been  established. 

In  the  First  District,  extending  from  the  N.  E.  boundary  of  the  United  States  to  Hampton 
Harbor,  New  Hampshire,  there  are  46  light-houses  and  light  beacons,  39  beacons,  271  buoys,* 
and  one  light-house  tender.  Inspector,  JOHN  POPE,  Portland,  Me.  Engineer,  W.  A.  GOODWIN, 
Boston,  Mass. 

In  the  Second  District,  extending  from  Hampton  Harbor,  New  Hampshire,  to  Gooseberry 
Point,  Massachusetts,  there  are  03  light-houses  and  light  beacons,  50  beacons,  7  light  vessels, 
451  buoys,  1  steam  tender  and  1  sailing  tender.  Inspector,  GEORGE  S.  BLAKE,  Boston,  Mass. 
Engineer,  W.  A.  GOODWIN,  Boston,  Mass. 

In  the  Third  District,  extending  from  Gooseberry  Point,  Massachusetts,  to  Squam  Inlet,  New 
Jersey,  including  the  Hudson  River  and  Lake  Champlain,  there  are  92  light-houses  and  lighted 
beacons,  44  beacons,  6  light  vessels,  335  buoys,  1  steam  tender,  and  1  sailing  tender.  Inspector, 
A.  L.  CASE,  Tompkinsville,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.  Engineer,  JOSEPH  LEDERLE,  Tompkinsville, 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

In  the  Fourth  District,  extending  from  Squam  Inlet,  N.  J.,  to  Metompkin  Inlet,  Ya.,  includ 
ing  Delaware  Bay  and  its  tributaries,  there  are  18  light-houses  and  lighted  beacons,  2  beacons, 
2  light  vessels,  75  buoys  and  1  light  house  tender.  Inspector,  W.  H.  GARDNER,  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania.  Engineer,  G.  CASTOR  SMITH,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  Fifth  District,  extending  from  Metompkin  Inlet,  Ya.,  to  New  River  Inlet,  N.  C.,  includ 
ing  Chesapeake  Bay  and  its  tributaries,  Albemarle  and  Pamlico  Sounds,  there  are  G2  light-houses 
and  lighted  beacons,  85  beacons,  4  light  vessels,  460  buoys,  and  2  steam  tenders.  Inspector* S. 
M.  BERRIEN,  Norfolk,  Ya.  Engineer,  W.  J.  NEWMAN,  Baltimore,  Md. 

In  the  Sixth  District,  extending  from  New  River  Inlet,  N.  C.,  to  Cape  Canaveral  light-house, 
Florida,  inclusive,  there  are  49  light-houses  and  light  beacons,  123  beacons,  5  light  vessels,  146 
buoys  and  2  sailing  tenders.  Inspector,  A.  K.  HUGHES,  Charleston,  S.  C.  Engineer,  JERE  P. 
SMITH,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

In  the  Seventh  District,  extending  from  south  of  Cape  Canaveral,  to  Egmpnt  Key,  Florida, 
there  are  10  light-houses  and  lighted  beacons,  18  beacons,  57  buoys,  and  1  sailing  tender.  In 
spects,  B.  M.  DOVE,  Key  West,  Florida.  Engineer,  M.  C.  DUNNIER,  Key  West,  Florida. 

In  the  Eighth  Dislrict,  extending  from  St.  Mark's,  Florida,  to  the  Rio  Grande,  there  are  64 
light-houses  and  lighted  beacons,  41  beacons,  80  buoys,  1  steam  tender  and  3  sailing  tenders. 
Inspector,  CHARLES  GREEN,  New  Orleans,  La.  Engineer,  M.  D.  Me  ALESTER,  New  Orleans,  La. 

On  July  1,  1867,  by  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  the  former  eighth  and  ninth 
districts  were  consolidated,  the  new  district  being  styled  the  eighth.  This  had  become  neces 
sary,  owing  to  the  provision  in  the  Act  of  Congress  organizing  the  present  light-house  estab 
lishment,  limiting  the  number  of  districts  to  twelve,  and  the  extension  of  our  coast  upon  the 
Pacific,  which  created  the  necessity  for  an  additional  district  there.  Under  the  present  arrange 
ment,  there  is  no  ninth  district,  and  the  aggregate  number  of  districts  remains  at  twelve. 

In  the  Tenth  District,  embracing  Lakes  Erie,  and  Ontario,  and  the  rivers  St.  Lawrence,  Niag 
ara,  and  their  tributaries,  there  are  44  light-houses  and  lighted  beacons,  79  buoys,  and  1  steam 
tender.  Injector,  F.  B.  ELLISON,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Engineer,  W.  F.  RAYNOLDS,  Detroit,  Mich. 

In  the  E'.eventh  District,  embracing  all  that  portion  of  the  lake  region  (including  affluents) 
above  Detroit,  Michigan,  there  are  03  light-houses  and  lighted  beacons,  80  buoys,  and  1  steam 
tender,  which  attends  to  this  and  the  Tenth  District.  Inspector,  T.  H.  STEVENS,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Engineer,  W.  F.  RAYNOLDS,  Detroit,  Mich. 

In  the  Twelfth  District,  extending  from  the  southern  boundary  of  California,  to  the  41st  parallel 
of  latitude,  there  are  9  light-houses  and  lighted  beacons.  Inspector,  J.  C.  CARTER,  San  Fran 
cisco,  Cal.  Engineer,  R.  S.  WILLIAMSON,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

In  the  Thirteenth  District,  embracing  the  Pacific  coast  north  of  the  41st  parallel  of  latitude, 
there  are  9  light-houses  and  lighted  beacons.  Injector,  J.  M.  WATSON,  Astoria,  Oregon.  En 
gineer,  R.  S.  WILLIAMSON,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

*In  all  the  districts  the  buoys  are  exclusive  of  spare  buoys  to  supply  losses. 


106  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

SUPERVISING  INSPECTORS  OP  STEAMBOATS  AND  THEIR  DISTRICTS. 

Salaries  $1,500  each,  and  traveling  expenses. 

President  of  Board,  WILLIAM  BURNETT. 

First  District — Embraces  all  waters  and  rivers  of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Supervisor,  WILLIAJI  BURNETT,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Second  District — Embraces  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  rivers  and  tributaries  between 
the  bay  of  Passamaquoddy  and  Cape  Charles.  Su-pervisor,  WILLIAM  BRADFORD,  New  York  City. 

Third  District — Embraces  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  rivers  and  tributaries  between 
Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Sable.  Supervisor,  GEORGE  W.  MORRIS,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Fourth  District — Embraces  the  Mississippi  river  and  tributaries,  from,  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio 
river  to  Quincy,  111.  Supervisor,  DANIEL  G.  TAYLOR,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Fifth  District — Embraces  the  upper  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  from  and  including  Alton, 
and  the  Red  river  of  the  North.  Supemisor,  CHARLES  L.  STEPHENSON,  Galena,  111. 

Sixth  District — Embraces  the  Ohio  river  and  tributaries  below  Madison,  and  the  Mississippi 
river  and  tributaries  (below  the  Ohio)  down  to  and  including  the  Arkansas  river.  Supervisor, 
JAMES  V.  GUTIIRIE,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Seventh  District — Embraces  the  Ohio  river  and  tributaries  above  and  including  Madison. 
Supervisor,  JOHN  S.  DEVINNY,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

Eighth  District — Embraces  all  the  waters  of  the  lakes  north  and  west  of  Lake  Erie,  with  their 
tributaries.  Supervisor,  ALFRED  GUTHRIE,  Chicago,  111. 

Ninth  District — Embraces  all  the  waters  of  Lakes  Erie,  Ontario,  Champlain,  Memphremagog 
and  George,  and  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  with  their  tributaries.  Supervisor,  A.  S.  BEMIS, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Tenth  District— Embraces  the  coast  and  tributary  waters  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  between 
Cape  Sable  and  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Mississippi  river  and  tributaries  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Arkansas  river.  Supervisor,  WILLIAM  ROGERS,  New  Orleans,  La. 


ARMY  AND  NAVY. 

By  the  eighth  section  of  the  first  article  of  the  Constitution,  Congress  is 
empowered  in  general  to  raise  and  support  armies ;  to  provide  and  maintain 
a  navy,  and  to  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land 
and  naval  forces.  By  the  second  section  of  the  second  article,  the  President 
is  appointed  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy,  and  of  the  militia 
of  the  several  states,  when  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States. 
On  August  7,  1789,  Congress  established  a  Department  of  War  to  enable  the 
President  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  for  military  affairs. 
A  number  of  "  Original  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,"  which  were  enacted  by 
the  Congress  of  1776,  were  continued  in  force  under  the  Constitution,  with 
several  modifications.  These  rules  were  the  basis  of  the  actual  Articles  of 
War,  enacted  in  1806,  which,  with  slight  alterations,  form  the  military  code 
which  govern  all  troops  when  mustered  into  the  service. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  year  1861,  the  army  consisted  of  about  14,000 
regular  troops,  stationed  chiefly  in  the  Southern  states.  A  large  number  of 
these  joined  the  cause  of  the  Southern  confederacy,  so  that  at  the  breaking 
out  of  the  rebellion  the  Federal  army  numbered  only  about  8,000  men.  April 
15,  1861,  the  President  called  out  75,000  volunteers  for  three  months  to  de 
fend  the  national  capital ;  and  on  May  3,  he  called  out  75,000  volunteers  to 
serve  for  three  years,  or  to  the  close  of  the  war.  By  subsequent  proclama 
tions  and  acts  of  Congress  the  army  was  increased ;  the  whole  number  en 
rolled  to  the  end  of  the  civil  war  amounted  to  2,653,062.  Since  the  close 
of  the  war,  the  army  has  been  reduced  to  about  50,000  men.* 
*  For  organization  of  Armyand  Navy,  see  pages  122  and  132. 


1869.]  WAR  DEPARTMENT.  107 

The  executive  duties  growing  out  of  the  management  of  the  naval  forces 
were  by  Congress  committed  to  the  War  Department  by  act  of  August  7, 
1789,  but  in  1798,  a  separate  department  was  created,  with  a  Cabinet  officer 
called  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war  in  1861,  the  naval  forces  consisted 
of  41  men  of  war  on  active  service,  most  of  which  were  sailing  vessels.  This 
number  was  largely  increased  during  the  war  by  purchase  and  the  construc 
tion  of  new  vessels.  The  naval  force  has  been  diminished  since  1865. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Secretary  of  War  has  charge  of  all  the  duties  connected  with  the 
army  of  the  United  States,  fortifications,  etc.,  issues  commissions,  directs  the 
movement  of  troops,  superintends  their  payment,  stores,  clothing,  arms,  and 
equipments,  and  ordnance,  and  conducts  works  of  military  engineering. 

The  following  bureaus  are  attached  to  this  department  : 

Commanding  General's  Office.  The  Commanding  General  has  charge  of 
the  arrangement  of  the  military  forces,  the  superintendence  of  the  recruiting 
service,  and  the  discipline  of  the  army.  He  is  to  see  that  the  laws  and  reg 
ulations  of  the  army  are  enforced.  The  office  is  at  Washington  and  is  called 
the  Head-quarters  of  the  army. 

Adjutant- General's  Office.  In  this  office  are  kept  all  the  records  which 
refer  to  the  personnel  of  the  army,  pay-roll,  etc.,  and  all  military  commis 
sions  are  made  out.  All  orders  which  emanate  from  Headquarters,  or  the 
War  Department  proper,  pass  through  this  office,  and  the  annual  returns 
from  the  army  are  received  by  it. 

The  Quartermaster- General's  Office  provides  quarters,  storage,  and  trans 
portation  for  the  army,  and  has  charge  of  the  barracks  and  the  National 
Cemeteries. 

The  Paymaster- General's  Office  has  charge  of  the  disbursements  to  the 
regular  army  and  the  Military  Academy. 

The  Commissary-  General's  Office  provides  subsistence  stores  for  the  troops 
and  military  forts. 

The  Ordnance  Bureau  has  charge  of  the  Ordnance  stores,  and  the  various 
arsenals  and  armories. 

The  Engineer's  Office  has  charge  of  the  military  defenses  of  the  country, 
the  improvement  of  rivers,  the  surveys  relating  thereto,  and  the  care  of  the 
Military  Academy. 

Surgeon- General's  Office.  All  matters  connected  with  medicine  and  surgery, 
the  management  of  the  sick  and  wounded,  and  the  hospitals  are  under  the 
control  of  this  office.  • 

Topographical  Bureau.  This  bureau  has  charge  of  all  topographical 
operations  and  surveys  for  military  purposes,  and  for  purposes  of  internal 
improvement,  and  of  all  maps,  drawings,  and  documents  relating  to  those 
duties. 


108  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands,  the  Bureau  of 
Military  Justice,  the  Inspector  General's  Office,  and  the  Signal  Corps  of  the 
Army  are  also  connected  with  the  War  Department, 

CHIEF  OFFICERS  IN  WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary  of  War JOHN  M.  SCOFIELD. 

Chief  Clerk JOHN  POTTS. 

Adjutant  General Bvt.  Major  General  LORENZO  THOMAS. 

Assistant  Adjutant  Generals Bvt.  Major  General  E.  D.  TOWNSEND  ;  Bvt.  Brig 
adier  Generals  J.  C.  KELTON,  ROBERT  WIL 
LIAMS,  THOS.  M.  VINCENT,  SAMUEL  BRECK, 
and  L.  II.  PELOUZE. 

Inspector  General Bvt.  Major  General  EDMUND  SCHRIVER. 

Quartermaster  General Bvt.  Major  General  M.  C.  MEIGS. 

Assistant  Quartermaster  General Bvt.  Major  General  CHAS.  THOMAS. 

Chief  Clerk. WM.  A.  GORDON. 

Deputy  Quartermaster  Generals Bvt.  Brigadier  Generals  J.  C.  MCFERRAN,  JAS. 

A.  EKIN,  and  MORRIS  S.  MILLER. 

Quartermasters Bvt.  Brigadier  Generals  J.  J.  DANA,  and  A.  J. 

PERRY. 

Commissary  General  of  Subsistence Bvt.  Major  General  A.  B.  EATON. 

Assistant  Commissary  General  of  Subsistence  . .  .Bvt.  Major  General  A.  E.  SHIRAS. 

Chief  Clerk R.  M.  HANSON. 

Surgeon  General ., Bvt.  Major  General  JAS.  K.  BARNES. 

Assistant  Surgeon  General Bvt,  Brigadier  General  C.  II.  CRANE. 

Chief  Clerk RICHMOND  JOHNSON. 

Paymaster  General Bvt.  Major  General  B.  W.  BRICE. 

Paymasters Bvt.  Brig.-Gcn.  J.  II.  EATON  ;  Bvt.  Lieut,  Col. 

J.  B.  M.  POTTER. 

Chief  of  Engineers Bvt.  Major  General  A.  A.  Humphreys. 

Chief  Clerk F.  N.  BARBARIN. 

Chief  of  Ordnance Bvt.  Major  General  A.  B.  DYER. 

Inspector  of  Armories  and  Arsenals Bvt.  Brigadier  General  WM.  MAYNADIER. 

Chief  Clerk J.  P.  KELLER. 

Judge  Advocate  General Bvt.  Major  General  JOSEPH  HOLT. 

Chief  Clerk « JAMES  M.  WRIGHT. 

Chief  Signal  Officer Bvt.  Brigadier  General  A.  J.  MYER. 

Com.  of  Bureau  of  Refugees  and  Freedmen Major  General  O.  O.  HOWARD. 

Asst.  Com.  in  charge  of  Dist.  of  Columbia Brigadier  General  C.  II.  HOWARD. 

Acting  Assistant. Adjutant  General Brigadier  General  E.  WHITTLESEY. 

Commissary  of  Subsistence Brigadier  General  GEO.  W.  BALLOCH. 

Chief  Medical  Officer Bvt.  Colonel  L.  A.  EDWARDS. 

Commandant  Mil.  Department  at  Washington... ~B\t.  Major  General  E.  R.  S.  CANBY. 

Assistant  Adjutant  General Bvt.  Colonel  J.  H.  TAYLOR. 

U.  S.  MILITARY  ACADEMY,  WEST  POINT,  N.  Y. 

[Corrected  at  Military  Academy,  October  15,  1SGS.] 

Inspector Bvt.  Major-General  EDMUND  SCHRIVER,  Inspector-General,  War  Department, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Superintendent..^^.  Brigadier-General  THOMAS  G.  PITCHER,  Colonel  44th  Infantry. 

MILITARY  STAFF. 

Adjutant Bvt.  Major  EDWARD  C.  BOYNTON,  A.  M. 

Quartermaster Bvt.  Major  TULLY  McCRE A,  Captain  42d  Infantry,  V.  R.  C. 

Treasurer Captain  ROBERT  CATLIN,  43d  Infantry. 

Surgeon  U.  S.  A Bvt.  Brig.  General  THOMAS  A.  MCPARLIN,  M.  D. 

Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S.  A Bvt,  Major  ELIAS  J.  MARSH,  M.  D. 

Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  U.  S.  A A.  W.  WIGGIN,  M.  D. 


18G9.]  MILITARY  ACADEMY.  109 

ACADEMIC   STAFF. 

Commandant  of  Cadets  and  Instructor  of  Artillery,  Cavalry  and  Infan  try  Tactics. 
HENRY  M.  BLACK,  Bvt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Major  7th  Infantry. 

Asst.  Inst.  of  Artillery  Tactics....  ALEXANDER  PIPER,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  3d  Artillery. 
Asst.  List,  of  Infantry  Tactics... JOHN  McL.  HILDT,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  3d  Infantry. 

Asst.  Inst.  of  Cavalry  Tactics ABRAHAM  K.  ARNOLD,  Bvt.  Major  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  5th  Cavalry. 

Asst.  Inst.  of  Infantry  Tactics...  JACOB  F.  KENT,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  3d  Infantry. 
Asst.  Inst.  of  Art.  A  Inf.  Tactics.  JOHN  EGAN,  Bvt.  Major  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  llth  Infantry. 
Asst.  Inst.  of  Inf.  d-  Cav.  Tactics.  ALEXANDER  S.  CLARKE,  Capt.  44th  Infantry. 

Professor  of  Military  and  Civil  Engineering. 
DENNIS  H.  MAHAN,  LL.  D. 

Assistant  Professor PETER  S.  MICHIE,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  Engineers. 

Acting  Assistant  Pt^of essor WM.  II.  H.  BENYAURD,  Bvt.  Major  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  Engineers. 

"  "        HENRY  M.  ADAMS,  1st  Lieut.  Engineers. 

Professor  of  Natural  and  Experimental  Philosophy, 
WILLIAM  H.  C.  BARTLETT,  LL.  D. 

Assistant  Professor JOSEPH  C.  CLARK,  Jr.,  Bvt,  Col.,  Major  U.  S.  Army. 

Acting  Assistant  Professor JAMES  MERCUR,  1st  Lieut.  Engineers. 

"        MICAH  R.  BROWN,  1st  Lieut.  Engineers. 

Pivfessor  of  Mathematics. 
ALBERT  E.  CHURCH,  LL.  D. 

Assistant  Professor HERBERT  A.  HASCALL,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  5th  Artillery. 

Acting  Assistant  Professor GEORGE  A.  KENSEL,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  5th  Artillery. 

"        JAMES  C.  POST,  1st  Lieut.  Engineers. 

"  "        CHARLES  E.  L.  B.  DAVIS,  1st  Lieut,  Engineers. 

HIERO  B.  HERR,  1st  Lieut.  1st  Artillery. 

"  "        FRANK  SOULE,  2d  Lieut.  Ordnance. 

Professor  of  Drawing. 
ROBERT  W.  WEIR,  N.  A. 

Assistant  Professor JAMES  MCMILLAN,  Bvt.  Major  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  2d  Infantry. 

Acting  Assistant  Prof essor JOHN  S.  POLAND,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  2d  Infantry. 

Professor  of  the  French  Language. 
HYACINTH  R.  AGNEL. 

Assistant  Professor MALBONE  F.  WATSON,  Bvt.  Major  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  5th  Artillery. 

Acting  Assistant  Professor GEORGE  G.  GREENOUGH,  1st  Lieut.  21st  Infantry. 

"        JAMES  O'llARA,  1st  Li«ut.  3d  Artillery. 

"        LUIGI  LOMIA,  2d  Lieut.  5th  Artillery. 

Chaplain,  and  Proj 'essor  of  Ethics  and  Law. 

REV.  JOHN  W.  FRENCH,  D.  D. 
Assistant  Professor CHARLES  C.  PARSONS,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  4th  Artillery. 

Professor  of  Chemistry,  Mineralogy  and  Geology. 
HENRY  L.  KENDRICK,  A.  M. 

Assistant  Professor LORENZO  LORAIN,  Bvt.  Major  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  3d  Artillery. 

Acting  Assistant  Professor CHARLES  SHALER,  Jr.,  2d  Lieut.  Ordnance. 

Professor  of  the  Spanish  Language. 
PATRICE  DE  JANON. 

Assistant  Professor JAMES  O'HARA,  1st  Lieut.  3d  Artillery. 

Acting  Assistant  Professor LUIGI  LOMIA,  2d  Lieut.  5th  Artillery. 

Instructor  of  Ordnance  and  Gunnery. 

ALFRED  MORDECAI,  Bvt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  Ordnance. 
Assistant  Instructor. ..  FRANK  SOULE.  Jr.,  1st  Lieut.  Ordnance. 


HO  TIIE  AMERICAN  TEAK-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Instructor  of  Practical  Military  Engineering,  Military  Signals,  and  Telegraphing,  and  Command 
ing  Detachment  of  Engineers. 
PETER  S.  MICHIE,  Bvt.  Lt,  Col.  U.  S.  A.,  Capt.  Engineers. 

Sword  Master. 
ANTONE  LORENZ. 

APPOINTMENT  AND  ADMISSION  OP  CADETS. 

I.— Application  may  be  made  at  any  time  (by  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  War)  by  the  applicant 
himself,  his  parent,  guardian,  or  any  of  his  friends,  that  his  name  may  be  placed  on  the  register 
in  the  office  of  the  Inspector  of  the  Military  Academy  at  Washington,  D.  C.  The  precise  age 
and  permanent  abode  of  the  applicant,  as,  also,  the  number  of  the  Congressional  District  an 
which  he  resides,  must  be  stated,  and  no  application  will  be  considered  wherein  these  instruc 
tions  are  not  complied  with.  No  preference  is  given  to  applications  on  account  of  priority, 
nor  can  any  information  be  communicated  as  to  the  probable  success,  of  an  application  before 
the  appointments  are  made. 

By  an  act  of  Congress,  the  appointment  of  a  person  who  has  served  in  any  capacity  in  the 
military  or  naval  service  of  the  so-called  Confederate  States  is  prohibited,  and,  as  a  general 
rule,  no  person  will  be  appointed  who  has  had  a  brother  educated  in  the  Academy. 

By  provision  of  law,  each  Congressional  and  Territorial  District  and  the  District  of  Colum 
bia,  is  entitled  to  have  one  Cadet  at  the  Military  Academy,  and  no  more.  In  addition  to  these, 
the  appointment  annually  of  a  number,  not  exceeding  ten  "at  large,"  not  confined  to  a  selection 
by  Congressional  Districts,  is  authorized.  The  District  and  Territorial  appointments  are  made 
upon  the  nomination  of  the  member  of  Congress  or  Delegate  representing  the  District  or  Ter 
ritory  at  the  date  of  appointment,  and  the  law  requires  that  the  individual  selected  shall  be  an 
actual  resident  of  the  District  or  Territory,  or  District  of  Columbia,  from  which  the  appoint 
ment  purports  to  be  made.  The  selections  "at  large"  and  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  are 
made  by  the  President. 

Appointments  arc  required  by  law  to  be  made  one  year  in  advance  of  the  date  of  admission, 
— that  is  to  say,  about  the  1st  of  July  in  each  year,  except  in  instances  where  it  may  be  imprac 
ticable,  from  any  cause,  so  to  make  them.  Persons,  therefore,  receiving  appointments  have 
ample  time  afforded  them  in  which  to  prepare  for  a  successful  examination  prior  to  their  ad 
mission. 

II.— To  prevent  the  disappointment,  mortification,  and  useless  expense  that  might  attend  the 
hcceptance  of  a  Cadet  appointment  by  a  person  not  possessing  the  necessary  qualifications  for 
admission,  and  for  the  instruction  and  aid  of  others,  the  following  information  is  commu 
nicated  : 

Candidates  must  be  over  seventeen  and  under  twenty-two  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  entrance 
into  the  Military  Academy ;  no  modification  of  the  law  in  this  respect  can  be  made ;  but  any 
person  who  has  served  honorably  and  faithfully  not  less  than  one  year  as  an  officer  or  enlisted 
man  in  the  army  of  the  United  States  either  as  a  volunteer  or  in  the  regular  service,  during 
the  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  shall  be  eligible*  for  appointment  up  to  the  age 
of  twenty-four  years.  They  must  be  at  least  five  feet  in  height,  and  free  from  any  deformity, 
disease,  or  infirmity,  which  would  render  them  unfit  for  the  military  service,  and  from  any 
disorder  of  an  infectious  or  immoral  character.  They  must  be  able  to  read  and  write  well, 
and  perform  with  facility  and  accuracy  the  various  operations  of  the  four  ground  rules  of 
Arithmetic,  of  reduction,  of  simple  and  compound  proportion,  and  of  vulgar  and  decimal 
fractions.  The  Arithmetic  is  to  be  studied  understandingly,  and  not  merely  committed  to 
memory.  They  will  also  be  required  to  have  a  knowledge  of  the  elements  of  English  Gram 
mar,  of  Descriptive  Geography,  particularly  of  our  own  country,  and  of  the  History  of  the 
United  States. 

III.— It  must  be  understood  that  a  full  compliance  with  the  above  conditions  will  be  insisted 
on — that  is  to  say :  the  candidate  must  write  a  fair  and  legible  hand,  and  without  any  material 
mistakes  in  spelling  such  sentences  as  shall  be  dictated  by  the  examiners ;  and  he  must  answer 
promptly  and  without  errors,  all  their  questions  in  the  above-mentioned  rules  of  Arithmetic 
and  in  the  other  branches  ;  failing  in  any  of  these  particulars,  he  will  be  rejected. 

IV.—  Every  candidate  will,  soon  after  his  arrival  at  West  Point,  be  subject  to  a  rigid  exami 
nation  by  an  experienced  Medical  Board,  and  should  there  be  found  to  exist  in  him  cause  of 
disqualification  to  such  a  degree  as  will  immediately,  or  in  all  probability  may  at  no  very  distant 
period,  impair  his  efficiency,  he  will  be  rejected. 


1SG9.] 


ARMY  LIST. 


Ill 


V. — During  the  months  of  July  and  August,  the  Cadets  are  engaged  in  military  duties  and 
exercises,  living  in  camp.  The  Academic  exercises  commence  the  beginning  of  September. 
The  semi-annual  examination  takes  place  in  January.  At  this  time  the  Cadets  are  rigidly  ex 
amined  in  the  subjects  they  have  studied,  and  the  new  Cadets,  if  found  proficient  therein,  (their 
conduct  having  been  correct  in  all  respects,)  will  receive  the  warrant  of  Cadet,  and  take  such  a 
station  in  their  class  as  their  respective  merits,  as  determined  at  the  examination,  may  entitle 
them  to.  If  any  have  been  unable  to  master  the  course,  they  will  be  pronounced  deficient  by 
the  Academic  Board,  and  their  connection  with  the  Academy  will  cease. 

"VI. — It  is  important  that  it  be  clearly  understood,  that  this  examination,  like  all  subsequent 
ones,  is  very  thorough,  does  not  permit  any  evasion  or  slighting  of  the  course,  and  exacts  a 
very  close  and  persevering  attention  to  study.  The  examining  officers  have  no  option ;  they 
must  reject  the  deficient. 

YII. — In  June  there  is  held  the  "Annual  Examination,1"  which,  in  its  character  of  searching 
scrutiny,  is  like  the  Semi- Annual  examination  in  January.  Cadets  who  have  failed  to  make 
the  requisite  proficiency,  and  are  not  likely  to  succeed  in  future,  are  discharged. 

YIII. — The  pay  of  a  cadet  is  $41.66  per  month,  with  one  ration  per  day,  and  is  considered 
sufficient,  with  proper  economy,  for  his  support. 


ARMY  LIST. 

All  officers  named  in  this  list  are  graduates  of  the  Military  Academy,  except  those  to  whose 
names  this  [*]  mark  is  prefixed. 

The  column  "appointed  from,"  in  cases  where  officers  have  not  served  continuously,  refers 
to  the  State  from  which  they  were  last  appointed. 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Bom  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Bom  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

GENERAL  OFFICERS. 
General. 

Fry,  James  B.  31  Dec.  '62    . 

111. 

111. 

Mich. 
Penn. 

Hartsutt',  George  L.  1  June,  '64. 
Kelton,  John  C.  23  Mar.  '66  

N.  Y.. 
Penn.. 

Grant,  Ulysses  S.  25  July,  '66... 

Ohio.. 

111. 

Majors. 

Lieutenant  General. 

Williams,  Robert  17  July,  '62.  . 

Va... 

Va. 

Sherman,  Wm.  T.  25  July,  '66.. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Whipple,  Wm.  D.  17  July,  '62.  . 
McKeever,  Chauncey  17  July,'62 

N.  Y..  N.  Y. 
Md....  Md. 

Major  Generals. 

iRuggles,  George  D.  17  July,  '62.  IN.  Y.  .  JN.  Y. 

Halleck,  Henry  W.  19  Aug.  '61  . 
Meade,  George  G.  18  Aug.  '64.  . 
Sheridan,  Philip  H.  8  Nov.  '64.  . 
Thomas,  George  H.  15  Dec.  '64. 
Hancock,Winfield  S.  26  July,  '66. 

N.  Y.. 
Spain.. 
Mass  .  . 
Ya  .  .  .  . 
Penn  .. 

Cal. 
D.  C. 
Ohio. 
Va. 
Penn. 

Vincent,  Thos.  M.  17  July,  '62. 
Greene,  Oliver  D.  17  July,  '62. 
Breck,  Samuel  17  July,  '62  
*Sherburne,  Jno.  P.  17  July,'62. 
Chalfin,  Samuel  F.  17  June,  '63. 
Pelouze,  Louis  H.  24  Mar.  '64.  . 

Ohio..  Ohio. 

N.  Y..IN.  Y. 

Mass.  .  Mass. 
N.  H..  N.  H. 
Ill  Jill. 
Penn..  Penn. 

Brigadier  Generals. 

*Wood,  Henry  C.  24  June,  '64.  . 

Me....  Me. 

McDowell,  Irvin  14  May,  '61  — 
Cooke,  Philip  St.  G.  12  Nov.  '61. 

Ohio.. 
Va.  .. 

Ohio. 
Va. 

*Leet,  George  K.  23  Mar.  '66.  .. 
Taylor,  Joseph  H.  30  Mar.  '66.  . 

Penn.  . 
Ky.... 

111. 
Md. 

Pope,  John  14  July,  '62  i  Ky  .  .  .  . 
Hooker,  Joseph  20  Sept.  '62  IMass.  . 
Schofield,  John  M.  30  Nov.  '64.  .  JN.  Y.  . 

111. 
Cal. 
111. 

INSPECTOR  GENERALS. 

C/OlOH6l$* 

Howard,  Oliver  O.  21  Dec.  '64.  . 
*Terry,  Alfred  H.  15  Jan.  '65... 
Ord.  Edward  O.  C.  26  July,  '66. 
Canbv,  Edward  R.  S.  28  July,'66. 
*Itousseau,  Lovell  H.  28  Mar.'G7. 

Me....  Me. 
Conn..  Conn. 
Md....  D.  C. 
Ky....|Ind. 
Ky....  Ky. 

Marcy,  Randolph  B.  9  Aug.  '61. 
Sacket,  Delos  B.  1  Oct.  '61  
Schriver,  Edmund  13  Mar.  '63.  . 
Hardie,  James  A.  24  Mar.  '64..  . 

Mass.  . 
N.  Y.. 
Penn.. 
N.  Y.. 

Mass. 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 

Assistant  Inspector  Generals. 

ADJUTANT  GENERAL'S  DEP'T. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

Adjutant  General. 

Davis,  Nelson  H.  13  June,  '67.  . 

Mass.  . 

Mass. 

Brigadier  General. 
Thomas,  Lorenzo  3  Aug.  '61...  . 

Del  ... 

Del. 

Totten,  James  13  June,  '67  
Jones,  Roger  13  June,  '67  

Penn.. 
D.  C.. 

Va. 
D.C. 

Majors. 

Assistant  Adjutant  Generals. 

Baird,  Absalom  12  Nov.  '61  

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Colonels. 

*Ludington,  E.  H.  20  Apr.  '64.. 

Penn.. 

Va. 

Townsend,  Edw'd  D.  3  Aug.'61. 

Mass.  . 

Mass. 

BUREATT  OF  MILITARY  JUSTICE. 

Nichols,  William  A.  1  June,  '64. 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Judge  Advocate  General. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

Brigadier  General. 

*Drum,  Richard  C.  17  July,  '62. 

Penn..  'Penn. 

*Holt,  Joseph  22  June,  '64  

Ky....  D.C. 

THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
AKMY  LIST. —  Continued. 


[1869. 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Asst.  Judge  Advocate  General. 

Hodges,  Henry  C.  29  July,  '66.. 
Chandler,  John  G.  18  Jan.'67.. 

Vt.. 

Mass.  . 

Vt. 

Mass. 

Colonel. 

Sawtelle,  Chas.  G.  18  Jan.'67. 

Me.... 

Me. 

*Dunn,  Wm.  McK.  22  June,  '64. 

Ind.... 

Ind. 

*Dana,  James  J.  18  Jan.  '67..  . 

Mass.  . 

N.  Y. 

*Potter,  Joseph  A.  18  Jan.  '67 

N.  Y.. 

Mich. 

Judge  Advocates. 

*Batchelder  R  N  18  Jan  '67 

N  H 

N.  II. 

Penn. 

*Ludington,  M.  I.  18  Jan.  '67.. 

Penn.  . 

Majors. 

*Moore,  James  M.  13  June,  '67 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

*Lieber  Guido  N  13  Nov  '62 

S.  C. 

N  Y 

*Cliuton,  De  Witt  27  May,  '64.  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

*Winthrop,  William  19  Sept.  '64. 
*Burnham,  II.  B.  31  Oct.  '64..  .. 
*Dennis,  Edgar  W.  19  Jan.  '65. 

Conn.. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Penn. 
N  Y 

Commissary  Gen.  Subsistence. 
Brigadier  General. 

*Barr,  Thomas  F.  26  Feb.  '65.  .  .  Mass.  . 
*Curtis,  Herbert  P.  21  June,'65.<Mass.  . 

Mass. 
Mass. 

Eaton,  Amos  B.  29  June,'64  

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Goodfellow,  Henry  28  Nov.'65. 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Asst.  Com.  Gens,  of  Subsistence. 

CHIEF  SIGNAL  OFFICER  OF  THE 

Shiras,  Alexander  E.  9  Feb.  '63. 

Penn.. 

N.  J. 

ARMY. 

Kilburn,  Charles  L.  29  June,'64. 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Colonel. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

*Myer,  Albert  J.  28  July,  '66.  .. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Simpson,  M.  D.  L.  9  Feb.'63.  .  . 

N.  Y 

N.  Y. 

Clarke,  Henry  F.  29  June,'64.  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

CHIEF  OF  STAFF  TO  THE  GEN 

ERAL  OF  THE  ARMY. 

Commissaries  of  Subsistence. 

Brigadier  General. 

Majors. 

*Rawlins,  John  A.  3  Mar.  '65.  . 

Ill  

111. 

Burns,  William  W.  3  Aug.'61..  . 
Beckwith,  Amos  29  Sept.  '61  

Ohio.. 
Vt  .... 

Ohio. 
Vt. 

*Taylor,  John  McL.  9  Feb.'CS. 

D.  C.. 

Kv. 

QUARTERMASTER'S  DEP'T. 

DuBarry,  Beekman  9  Feb.'63.. 

N.  J... 

DlC. 

Quartermaster  General. 

Macfeely,  Robert  9  Feb.  '63  
Haines,  Thomas  J.  9  Feb.  '63.. 

Penn.. 

N.  H.. 

Penn. 

N.  H. 

Brigadier  General. 

Bell,  George  25  April,'65  

Md.  .  .  . 

Md. 

Meigs,  Montg'y  C.  15  May,  '61.. 

Ga.... 

Penn. 

Morgan,  Michael  R.  17  Nov.'65 

N.S... 

La. 

Asst.  Quartermaster  Generals. 

MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Colonels. 

Surgeon  General. 

Swords,  Thomas  3  Aug.  '61  ... 
Allen,  Robert  28  July,  '66  

N.  Y.. 
Ohio 

N.  Y. 

Ind 

Brigadier  General. 

Donaldson,  Jas.  L.  28  July,'66.  . 

Md... 

Md. 

*Barnes,  Joseph  K.  22  Aug.'64. 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

*Rucker,  Daniel  II.  28  July,  '66. 

N.  J. 

Mich. 

Clary,  Robert  E.  29  Julv,  '66.  .. 

Mass.  . 

Mass. 

Assistant  Surgeon  General. 

Ingalls,  Rul'us  29  July,  '66  

Me.... 

Me. 

Colonel. 

Dep.  Quartermaster  Generals. 

*Crane,  Charles  H.  28  July,'66.  . 

R.I.... 

Mass. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

Chief  Medical  Purveyor. 

Miller.  Morris  S.  29  July,  '66 

N  Y 

N  Y 

Easton.  Langdon  C.  29  July,'66. 

Mo.  .  .  . 

Mo. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Van  Vliet,  Stewart  29  July,  '66. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Satterlee,  Rch'd  S.  28  July,'66. 

N.  Y.. 

Mich. 

Kirkham,  Ralph  W.  29  July,'66. 

Mass.  . 

Mass. 

McFerran,  John  C.  29  July,'66.. 
Holabird,  Samuel  B.  29  July,'66. 
Tyler,  Robert  O.  29  Julv,  '66.  .. 

Ky.... 
Conn.. 
N.  Y.. 

Ky. 

Conn. 
Conn. 

Assistant  Medical  Purveyors. 
Lieutenant  Colonels. 

*Tompkins,  Chs.  H.  29  July,'66. 
*Ekin,  James  A.  29  July,  '66.  .. 
Myers,  Frederick  4  Mar.  '67  

Va  .  .  .  . 

Penn. 
Conn.. 

N.  Y. 
Penn. 
Conn. 

*McDougall,  Chas.  28  July.'66.. 
*Murray,  Robert  28  July,'66.  .  .  . 
*Sutherland,  Chas.  28  July,'66.. 

Ohio.. 
Md.  .  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Ind. 
Md. 
Penn. 

*Baxter,  Jed'h  H.  20  July,'67.  .  . 

Vt  .  .  .  . 

Vt. 

Quartermasters. 

Majors. 

Surgeons. 

Montgomery,  Alex.  17  May,  '61 
Moore,  Tredwell  28  Julv,  '66.. 

Penn.  . 
Ohio.. 

Penn. 
Ohio. 

Majors. 
*Wood.  Robert  C.  4  July,'36.  . 

R.  I... 

R.I. 

Ransom,  Hyatt  C.  28  July,  '66. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Randall,  Burton  7  July,'38.  .  . 

Md.  .  .  . 

Md. 

Eddy,  Asher  R.  29  July,  '66.  .  . 

R.I... 

R.I. 

*McLarcn,  Adam  N.  30  June,'39 

Scot'd. 

S.  C. 

Haxton,  Rufus  29  July,  '66  

Mass.  . 

Mass. 

*Wright,  Jos.  J.  B.  26  Mar.'44. 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Bingham,  Judson  D.  29  July,'66. 

N.  Y.. 

Tnd 

*Cuyler,  John  M.  16  Feb.'47.  .  . 

Ga  .  .  .  . 

Ga. 

Perry,  Alex.  J.  29  July,  '66  

Conn.. 

Conn. 

*Miils,  Madison  16  Feb.'47.  .  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

1869.] 


ARMY  LIST. 

ARMY  LIST. —  Continued. 


113 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Bora  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Xame,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Bora  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

*Abadic.  Eugene  II.  24July,'53.  Fr'ce.. 

Penn. 

*McCormiek,  Chas.  7  Dec.  '53...  D.  C.. 

D.  C. 

Paymasters. 

*Laub,  Charles  II.  17  Oct.'54.  .  .  D.  C.  . 

D.C. 

•Simpson,  Josiah  12  Aug.  '55.  .  .  N.  J.  .  . 

Penn. 

Majors. 

•Sloan,  William  J.  20  Dec.  '55.  . 
•King,  William  S.  29  Aug.'56..  . 
•Simons,  James  29  Aug.*56  
•Ilolden,  Levi  II.  23  April,'60.  . 
*Keencv.  Chas.  C.  23  June,'60.  . 
•Head,  John  P.  6  Sept.'60  
•Edwards,  Lewis  A.  19  Feb.'61. 
•Hammond,  John  F.  25  Feb.  '61. 
•Bailv,  Elisha  J.  15  Mav,'(51  .... 
•Cooper,  Geo.  E.  21  May,'61...  . 
•Swift,  Ebenezer  21  May,'61... 
*Perin,  Glover  21  May,  '61  

Penn.. 
Penn.  . 
S.  C... 
R.I... 
N.  Y.. 
Mass.. 
D.  C.. 
S.  C... 
Penn.  . 
Penn.  . 
Mass.. 
Ohio.. 
N.  Y 

Penn. 
Penn. 
S.  C. 
R.I. 
Mich. 
Mass. 
D.C. 
S.  C. 
Penn. 
Penn. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
N.  Y. 
Va. 
Md. 
Mich. 
Md. 
Va. 
N.  Y. 
Penn. 
Va. 
Md. 
N.  Y. 
Ind. 
Conn. 

£yY. 
Md. 
La. 
N.Y. 
Penn. 
Ark. 
N.Y. 
Penn. 
Penn. 
Penn. 
N.Y. 
Penn. 
Mass. 
Mel. 
Md. 
Penn. 
N  Y 

Leslie,  Thomas  J.  27  Nov.'IS.  .  . 
Alvord,  Benjamin  22  June,'54.  . 
Hunt,  Franklin  E.  2  Mar.'55 

f-?8'a: 

N.  J 

Penn. 
Vt. 

N  J 

'Prince,  Henry  23  May  '55 

Me.... 
Ind.... 
N.Y... 
Ill  
Penn.  . 
Penn.  . 
Mass.. 
N.Y... 
Mich.. 
Mass.. 
Penn.  . 
Vt  .  .  .  . 
Mass.  . 
R.  I... 
Penn.. 
Mich.. 
Peun.. 
Ohio  .  . 
N.Y... 
Penn.. 
D.C... 
S.  C... 
N.  J... 
N  Y.. 

Me. 
Ind. 
N.Y. 
Kan. 
Del. 
Penn. 
Mass. 
Minn. 
Mo. 
111. 
Penn. 
Ky. 
111. 
R.I. 
Cal. 
Mich. 
Penn. 
Ohio. 
N.Y. 
W.  T. 
D.C. 

?-;eg- 

N  Y 

Woods,  Samuel  24  Dec.  '56.  .  .  . 
Seward,  Aug.  II.  27  Mar.'61  .... 
•Kinzie,  Robert  A.  2  May,  '61.  . 
*Febiger,  Geo.  L.  3May,'61... 
*Taggart,  David  30  May,'61  
Pratt,  Henry  C.  14  June,'61  
•Smith,  Simeon  29  Aug.'61  
•Lamed,  Chas.  T.  30  Aug.'61... 
•Wright,  Edward  23  Feb.'64  .  .  . 
•Brua,  John  P.  23  Feb.  '04  
•Smith,  Rodney  23  Feb.  '64  
Eaton,  Joseph  H.  21  Apr.'64.   . 
*Potter,  Jas.  B.  M.  15  July.'64.. 
•Ihrie,  George  P.  14  Apr.'66.  .  .  . 
•Backer,  Win.  A.  16  Apr.'66  .  .  . 
•Walker,  Robert  C.  4  May,'66.  . 
•Johnston,  Win.  H.  28  July,'06. 
•Pomeroy,  George  28  July,'66.  . 
*Steinberger,  Justus  8  Nov.'66. 
•Moore,  William  G.  14  Nov.'66 
*Gibson,  William  R.  17  Jan.'67. 
*Halsey,  Thomas  II.  17  Jan.  '07. 
*Rochester,  Wm.  B.  17  Jan  T.7 

•Campbell,  John  21  May,'61. 

•Summers,  John  E.  21  May,'61.  Va  
•McParlin,  Thos.  A.  21  May,'61.  Md..  .. 
•Brown  Joseph  B.  4July.'61.    N   Y 

•Haspon,  Alex.  B.  17  Aug.'Ol... 
•Macrmder.  David  L.  16  Apr-'62. 
•Milhau.  John  J.  16  Apr.'02  
*V.Tirtz,  Horace  R.  10  Apr.'62... 
•Paere,  Charles  16  Anr.'02  
•Xorri*  Ba«il  16  Apr  '62 

Md.  .  .  . 
Md.... 
Fr'ce.. 
Penu.. 
Va  .  .  .  . 
Md.... 
N.  Y.. 
Ind.... 
Conn.  . 
Ind.  T. 
N.  Y.. 
Md.  .  .  . 
Va  .  .  .  . 
Irel'd  . 
Aust.. 
Ch.  N. 
D.  C.. 
Penn.  . 
Penn.. 
Penn.. 
N.  Y.. 
Penn.  . 
N.  II.. 
Md.... 
Md.  .  .  . 
Penn.. 
N.  Y 

•Vollum,  Edw.  P.  12  May  ,'62... 
•Moore,  John  11  June,  '02  
*Smith,  Andrew  K.  11  June,'62. 
•Alexander.  R.  II.  11  June,'62.. 
•Smith.  Joseph  R.  11  June,'02.. 
•Ghiselin,  Jas.  T.  14  June,'62.. 
•Randolph,  John  F.  27  Aug.'62. 
•Irwin,  Bern'd  J.  D.  16  Sept.  '62. 
•Heger,  Anthony  17  Sept.  '62.  .  . 
•Alexander,  Chas.  T.  9  Feb.  '63. 
•Clements,  B.  A.  27  Feb.  '63..  .  . 
•Daily,  Joseph  C.  1  Dec.  '64  
•McKce,  James  C.  22  Dec.  '64... 
•Bill,  Joseph  II.  28  Julv,'66  
•Peters,  DeWittC.  28  July  '66.. 
•Alden,  Charles  II.  28  Julv,'66.. 
•Webster.  Warren  28  July,'66.  . 
•Bvrne.  Charles  C.  28  July,'66.. 
•Wanner,  Clinton  28  Julv,'66.  .  . 
•Wright,  Joseph  P.  28  July,'66. 
•Gray,  Chas.  C.  28  July,  "66.   .  .  . 

*Reese,  Henry  B.  17  Jan.  '67.  .  .  . 
•Hodge,  John  L.  17  Jan.  '67  
•Sprague,  Charles  J.  17Jan.'67.. 
•Vedder.  Nicholas  17  Jan.  '67.  .  . 
•Judd,  Edwin  D.  17  Jan.  '67  
•Hanna,  Valentine  C.  17  Jan.'67. 
*Smith,  William  17  Jan.  '67  
•Smith,  John  W.  17  Jan.  '67     .  . 
•Terrell,  Charles  M.  17  Jan.  '67.. 
*Stanton,  Thad.  II.  17  Jan.  '67.  . 
•Glenn,  George  E.  17  Jan.  '67.. 
•Burbank,  Jacob  E.  17  Jan.  '67  . 
•Mayer,  Brantz  17  Jan.  '67  
•Nicholls,  James  W.  17  Jan.  '67. 
•Clarke,  Robert  D.  17  Jan.  '67.  . 
•Nelson,  James  II.   17  Jan.  '67. 
•Walker,  John  S.  17  Jan,'67.  .  .  . 
•Wingard,  Chas.  W.  17  Jan.  '67. 
•Canby,  James  P.  17  Jan.  '67.   . 
•Hall/Peter  P.  G.  17  Jan.  '67.  .  . 
•Candee,  George  W.  17  Jan/67. 
•Brooke,  Edmund  II.  17  Jan.  '67. 
•Dewey,  Israel  O.  17  Jan.  '67  

Ohio.. 
Penn.  . 
Me... 
N.Y... 
Conn.. 
Ind.... 
Vt  .  .  .  . 
Conn.. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ohio  .  . 
Penn.. 
Md.... 
D.C... 
Penn.  . 
Mich.. 
Me.... 
Penn.  . 
Del.... 
Penn.. 
N.  J. 
Md... 
Vt    ... 

Ohio. 
Penn. 
Cal. 
111. 
Conn. 
Ind. 
Minn. 
Mo. 
Ky. 
Iowa. 
Ohio. 
Ind. 
Md. 
Tenn. 
Penn. 
Mich. 
Me. 
Penn. 
Del. 
Penn. 
111. 
Md. 
N.H. 

•Spencer.  Win.  C.  28  July.'66.. 
•Town,  Francis  L.  20  Oct.'66... 
•Mechcm,  Abel  F.  16  June,'67.  . 
•Bache,  Dallas  5  Aug.'07  
•Frver,  Blencoe  E.  30  Oct.'67. 
•Frantz,  John  II.  19  Dec.'67.  .  .  . 
•Goddard,  Chas.  E.  6  Jan.'68... 

N.  Y.. 
N.  II.. 
Md.  .  .  . 
D.  C.. 
Eng'd. 
Penn.. 
N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 

Penn. 
Md. 
Penn. 
Penn. 
Md. 
N.Y. 

PAY  DEPARTMENT. 

•Dana,  Samuel  7  Mar.'67  . 
•Pearce,  Sam'l  A.,  Jr.  9  Mar.'67. 

Mass.. 
R.I... 

Mass. 
R.I. 

Paymaster  General. 

•Mears,  James  R.  13  Mar.'67.  .  . 

N.Y... 

Wis. 

Srif/adier  General. 

•Allison.  Thomas  S.  1  Apr.'67.. 

Penn.. 

N.  J. 

Brice,  Benjamin  W.  28  July,'66. 

Va.... 

Ohio. 

*Ettinar,  Frank  M.  13  Apr/67.  .  . 
•Morrow.  Robert  9  May,'07  

Penn.  . 
Tenn.. 

Penn. 
Tenn. 

Assistant  Paymaster  Generals. 
Colonels. 

Carey,  Asa  B.  5  Oct.'67  
•Stewart,  Isaac  S.  18  Oct.'07.  .  . 

Conn.  . 
Ind.... 

Conn. 
Ind. 

•Brown,  Nathan  W.  28  Julv,'66. 

N.  Y.  . 

N.Y. 

McClure,  Daniel  28  July,'66.  .  .  . 

Ind.... 

Ind. 

CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS. 

Deputy  Paymaster  Generals. 
Lieutenant  Colonels. 

' 

Chief  of  Engineers. 

•Leonard.  Hiram  6  Sept.  '62 

Vt  .  .  . 

N.Y. 

Brigadier  General. 

Fry.  Cary  II.  2S  Jnly,'6(j  I  Ky.  .  .  . 

Ky. 

Humphreys,  And.  A.  8  Ang.'GR.  . 

Penn.. 

D.C. 

114 


TEE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
ARMY  LIST. —  Continued. 


[18G9. 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission, 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Colonels. 

,Crispin.  Silas  7  Mar/67  Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Cram,  Thomas  J.  23  Nov/65...  . 
Barnard,  John  G.  28  Dec/65  
Cullum,  George  W.  7  Mar/67... 
Benham,  Henry  W.  7  Mar/67..  . 
Macomb,  John  N.  7  Mar/67  

N.  n.. 

Mass.. 
N.  Y.. 

Conn.. 
N.  Y.. 

N.  H. 
Mass. 
Penn. 
Conn. 
N.  Y. 

:Todd,  John  W.  7  Mar/67  Ky  .  .  .  . 
Treadwell,  Thos.  J.  7  Mar/67..  N.  H.. 
Baylor,  Thos.  G.  7  Mar/67  Va  .  .  . 

Ky. 
N.  H. 

Va, 
Penn. 
Mass. 

'Poi'ter,  Horace  7  Mar/67  Penn.  . 
Edson,  Theodore  15  Dec/67  Mass.  . 

Simpson  James  II  7  Mar/67. 

N  J  .. 

N.J. 

ENGINEER  BATTALION. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

Woodruff,  Israel  C.  15  Aug/64.. 
Tower,  Zealous  B.  11  Nov/65.  . 

N.J... 

Mass.. 

N.J. 

Mass. 

Major. 
Abbot,  Henry  L.  11  Nov/65.  .  .  . 

Mass  .  . 

Mas. 

Wright,  Horatio  G.  23  Nov/65.  . 
Newton,  John  28  Dec/65  

Conn.  . 
Va.  .  .  . 

Conn. 
Va. 

FIRST  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Thorn  George  10  July,  '66  

N  H 

N  H. 

n  7          7 

Kurtz!  John&D.  8  Aug/66."  '...'. 
Alexander,  Barton  S.  7  Mar/67. 

D.C... 

Ky.... 

D.C. 
Ky. 

Colonel. 
*Blake,  Geo.  A.  II.  15  Feb/62.  . 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Raynolds,  William  F.  7  Mar/67. 
Stewart,  Charles  S.  7  Mar/67..  . 
Blunt,  Charles  E.  7  Mar/67  

Ohio  .  . 
At  sea. 
N.  H.. 

Ohio. 
N.J. 

N.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
*Elliott,  Wash.  L.  31  Aug/66... 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Foster,  John  G.  7  Mar/67  
Duane,  James  C.  7  Mar/67  

N.  H.. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  H. 

N.  Y. 

Majors. 
Otis,  Elmer  9  May,'64  

Mass.. 

Ohio. 

Majors. 

'Norris,  Chas.  E.  31  Aug/66  ilnd...  . 

Ind. 

Williamson,  Robt.  S.  7  May,'63. 

N.  Y.. 

N.J. 

*Green,  John  9  June,  '68  IGerm.. 

Army. 

Gillmore,  Quincy  A.  1  June/63. 
Prime,  Frederick  E.  1  June,'G3. 

Ohio  .  . 
Italy  .  . 

Ohio. 

N.  Y. 

SECOND  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Casey,  Thomas  L.  2  Oct/63  

N.  Y.. 

R.  I. 

Colonel 

Michler,  Nathaniel  22  Apr/64.. 
Parke,  John  G.  17  June/64  

Penn.. 
Penn.. 

Penn. 
Penn. 

Palmer,  Innis  N.  9  June/68  

N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 

Warren,  Gouv'r  K.  25  June,'64. 
Mendell,  George  H.  15  Aug.Mty. 
Abbot,  Henry  L.  11  Nov/65.  .  .  . 

N   Y 

N.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
j*Brackett,  Albert  G.  9  June,'68. 

N.  Y.. 

Ind. 

Penn.  . 

Mass  .  . 

Penn. 
Mass. 

Craighill,  Wm.  P.  23  Nov/65.  .  . 
Comstock,-  Cyrus  B.  28  Dec/65.. 
Wheeler,  Junius  B.  10  July,'66. 
Weitzel,  Godfrey  8  Aug/66  
Poe  Orlando  M"  7  Mar/67. 

Va  
Mass.. 
N.  C... 

Ohio  .  . 
Ohio 

Va. 
Mass. 

N.  C. 
Ohio. 
Ohio 

Majors. 
Sweitzer,  Nelson  B.  28  July,'66. 
Rowland,  Geo.  W.  1  Dec/66..  .  . 
*Brisbin,  James  S.  1  Jan/68.  .  . 

Penn.. 
R.I... 
Penii.. 

Penn. 
R.I. 
Penn. 

Houston,  David  C.  7  Mar/67..  .  . 
McAlester,  Miles  D.  7  Mar/67.  . 

N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 
Mich. 

THIRD  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Elliot,  George  H.  7  Mar/67  
Robert,  Henry  M.  7  Mar/67  
Merrill,  Wm.  E.  7  Mar/67  

Mass.. 
S.C... 
Wis... 

Mass. 
Ohio. 

At  1'ge 

Colonel. 
Grier,  William  N.  31  Aug/66.  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Reese,  Chauncey  B.  7  Mar/67.  . 
McFarland,  Walter  7  Mar/67.  .  . 
Bowen,  Nicolas  7  Mar/67  

N.  Y.. 
N.J... 

N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Roberts,  Benj.  S.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

Vt  .  .  .  . 

Iowa. 

Babcock,  Orville  E.  21  Mar/67.. 

Vt  

Vt. 

• 

Wilson,  John  M.  3  June,'67  — 

D.C... 

W.  T. 

Majors. 
!  Whiting,  Chas.  J.  17  Julv,'62.  .  . 

Mass.. 

Cal. 

ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

*Lanc,  William  B.  9  Nov/66.  .  . 

Ky.... 

Army. 

Evans,  Andrew  W.  10May,'67.. 

Md.... 

Md. 

Chief  of  Ordnance. 

Brigadier  General. 

FOURTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Dyer,  Alexander  B.  12  Sept/64. 

Va  

Mo. 

Colonel. 

Colonels. 

*Graham,  Lawr'ceP.  9May,'64. 

Va  .  .  .  . 

Va. 

Mavnadier,  William  1  Jnnc,'63. 

Md... 

D.C. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Whitelev.Robt.  H.  K.  6  Apr/66. 
Banner  Peter  V.  7  Mar/67 

Md....|Del. 
D.  C.      D  C 

*Carleton,  Jas.  II.  31  July,'66.  .  . 
Majors. 

Me.... 

Me. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

Hatch,  John  P.  27  Oct/63     . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Callcnder,  Frank.  D.  6  Apr/66.. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Cram,  Geo.  C.  12  Oct/67  N.  Y.  . 

N.  Y. 

Kin^sburv  Chas  P    22  Dec  :66 

N    Y     !TvT   C 

Gordon,  Geo.  A.  1  Nov/67  

Va  ....  N.  Y. 

Rod7nan,  'Thos.  J.  7  Mar/67.  .  .  . 

Ind.... 

Ind. 

Laidley,  Theo.  T.  S.  7  Mar/67.  . 

Va  .  .  .  . 

Va. 

FIFTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Majors. 

Colonel. 

Benton,  James  G.  15  Sept/63..  . 

N.  n.. 

N.  II. 

Emory,  William  H.  27  Oct/63.  . 

Md.  .  .  . 

Md. 

McXutt,  John  12  Sept/64  
McAllister,  Julian  6  Apr/66  

Ohio.. 
N.  Y.. 

Ohio. 
Ga. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Benet,  Stephen  V.  22  Dec/66... 

*Duncari,  Thomas  28  July/66.. 

Ill  

111. 

1869.] 


ARMY  LIST. 
LIST. —  Continued. 


115 


Xame,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  iu. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 

from. 

Majors. 

FIRST  REG'T  OF  ARTILLERY. 

Carr,  Eugene  A.  17  Julv,'62.  ...  N.  Y.  .  N.  Y. 
*RoyalI,  William  B.  7  Dec.'63.  .  !  Va  ..  .  .  jMo. 
*Crittenden,Eug.W.2SJuly,'66.;Ky.  ...  Ky. 

Colonel. 
Vogdes,  Israel  1  Aug.'63  

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

SIXTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Haskin,  Joseph  A.  26  July,'66 

N.  Y 

N.  Y. 

Colonel. 
Oakes  Jame^  31  July  '66 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Majors. 
Brannan   John  M  1  Aug  '63 

D    C 

TIN?. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Hamilton,  John  13  Aug.'66  

At  sea.  Ind. 

Sturgis,  Samuel  D.  27  Oct.'63..  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Best,  Clermont  L.  5  Feb.'67  

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Majors. 

SECOND  REG'T  OF  ARTILLERY. 

*Morrisl  Robert  M.  11  Mar.'63.. 

D.C... 

D.C. 

Colonel. 

*Starr,  Samuel  H.  25  Apr.  '63.  .  . 
Lowe,  Wm.  W.  31  July,'66  

N.  Y.. 
Ind.... 

Army. 
Iowa. 

Barry  William  F    11  Dec  '65 

N.  Y 

N.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

SEVENTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

French,  William  H.  8  Feb.'64.  . 

Md.  .  .  . 

D.C. 

Colonel. 

Majors. 

Smith,  Andrew  J.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Allen,  Harvey  A.  1  Aug.'63  

N.  C.. 

N.  C. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Custer,  George  A.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Beckwith,  Edw.  G.  8  Feb.  '64.  .  . 
Tidball,  John  C.  5  Feb.'67  

N.  Y.. 
Va  .  .  .  . 

N.  Y. 
Ohio. 

Majors. 

THIRD  REG'T  OF  ARTILLERY. 

Gibbs,  Alfred  28  July,'66  
*Elliott,  Joel  H.  7  Mar.'67  
Tilford,  Joseph  G.  14Nov.'67... 

N.  Y..  N.  Y. 
Ind....  Ind. 
Ky....  Ky. 

Colonel. 
Sherman,  Thos.  W.  1  June,'63.. 

R.I... 

R.  L 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

EIGHTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Hunt,  Henry  J.  1  Aug.'63  

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Colonel. 

Majors. 

*Gregg,  John  I.  28  July,'66  
Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Gibson,  Aug.  A.  25  July,  '63  
*DeIlussv,  G.  A.  26  Julv,'6(>  
Gibson,  Horatio  G.  5Feb.'67.  .  . 

Me.... 

N.  Y.. 
Md.  .  .  . 

Me. 
Va. 

Penn. 

*Deven,  Thos.  C.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Majors. 

FOURTH  REG'T  OF  ARTILLERY. 

*Alcxander.  And.  J.  28  July,'66.iKy.  .  .  . 

Mo. 

Colonel. 

*Price,  William  R.  28  July,'66..  Ohio.     Ohio. 

Brooks  Horace  1  Au"1  '63 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

*Cleridenin,  David  R.  22  Jan.  '66. 

Penn..:  111. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

NINTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Roberts,  Joseph  11  Aug.'63  

Del.... 

Del. 

Colonel. 
*Hatch,  Edward  28  July,'66.  .  .  . 

Me.... 

Iowa. 

Majors. 
Howe,  Albion  P.  11  Aug.  '63.  .  .  . 
Stewart  Joseph  11  Dec.  65  

Me... 
Ky.... 

Me. 
Ky. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Morgan,  Chas.  H.  5  Feb.'67.  .  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Merritt,  Weeley  28  July,'66  

N.  Y.. 

111. 

FIFTH  REG'T  OF  ARTILLERY. 

Majors. 

Colonel. 

*Wade,  James  F.  28  July,'66.  .  . 
*Forsyth,  Geo.  A.  28  July.'67... 
*Morrow,  Albert  P.  6  Mar  .'67.  . 

Ohio.. 
Penn.  . 
Ill  

Ohio. 
111. 
Penn. 

Burton,  Henry  S.  11  Aug.'63  

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

N.  Y.. 

Vt. 

Hill,  Bennett  H.  1  Aug.'63  

D.  C.. 

D.C. 

TENTH  REG'T  OF  CAVALRY. 

Majors.  ' 

Colonel. 
*Grierson,  Benj.  H.  28  July,'66. 

Penn.. 

111. 

Havs,  William  1  Aug.'63  
Andrews,  Geo.  P.  28  July,'66..  . 
Seymour,  Truman  13Aug.'66... 

Va.... 
Conn.. 
Vt  .  .  .  . 

Tenn. 
N.  C. 
Vt. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

FIRST  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Davidson,  John  W.  1  Dec.  '66..  . 

Va.... 

Va. 

Colonel. 

Majors. 

Buchanan  Rob't  C.  8  Feb.  '64.  .  . 

Md.... 

D.C. 

Forsyth,  James  W.  28  July,'66.. 
*Kidd.  Meredith  II.  6  Mar.'67.  . 

Ohio.. 
Ind.... 

Ohio. 
Ind. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

*Yard,  John  E.  7  Mar.'67  

Peira..lCal. 

Wood,  William  H.  3  Dec.'63.  .  .  . 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

116 


THE  AMERICAN 
ARMY 


YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
LIST. —  Continued. 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Major. 

EIGHTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Gibson,  George  12  Jan.  '68. 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

SECOND  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Bomford,  Jas.  V.  18  May,'64.  .  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

D.C. 

Colonel. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Burbank,  Sidney  16  Sept.'62.  .  .  . 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

*Edie,  John  R.  13  Sept.'64  

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Major. 

*Crawford,  Sam'lW.  17Feb.'64. 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Cogswell,  Milton  8  Oct.'l64  

Ind.... 

Ind. 

Major. 

NINTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Collins,  Joseph  B.  20  Jan.'65.  . 

D.C... 

D.C. 

Colonel. 

THIRD  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*King,  John  H.  30  July,'65  

Mich.. 

Mich. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Colonel. 
Hoffman,  William  25  Apr.'62.  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 

*Woodruff,  D.  26  Mar.'68  

N.  J... 

N.J. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Sully,  Alfred  28  July,'66  

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Major. 
Mack,  Oscar  A.  19  June,'66  

N.H.. 

N.  H. 

Major. 

TENTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Douglass,  Henry  28  July,'66  

N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 

Colonel. 

Alexander,  Edm'd  B.  3  Mar.'55. 

Ky.... 

Ky. 

FOURTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Flint,  Franklin  F.  8  July,'68..  .  . 

N.H.. 

Mass. 

Sidell,  William  H.  6  May,'64.  .  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Slemmer,  Adam  J.  8  Feb.'64.  .  . 

Penn,  . 

Penn. 

Majm\ 
*McKibbin,  David  B.  15  Sept.'67 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Major. 

HTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Dye,  Wm.  McE.  14  Jan.'66  

Penn.  . 

Ohio. 

Colonel. 

FIFTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Ketchum,  William  S.  6  May,'64. 

Conn.. 

Conn. 

Colonel. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

*Butterfield,  Daniel  1  July,'63.  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 

Granger,  Robert  S.  12  June,'65. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Major. 

Sykes,  George  16  Oct.  '63  

Md.  .  .  . 

Md.    . 

Huston,  Daniel,  Jr.  1  Aug.'63.. 

Me.... 

N.  Y. 

Major. 

12TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

English,  Thos.  C.  27  Aug.'G3.  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Colonel. 

SIXTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Augur,  Christop'r  C.  15  Mar.'66. 

N.  Y.. 

Mich. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Colonel. 
Floyd-  Jones,  DeL.  25  June,  '67.. 

N.  Y.. 

N.Y. 

*  Wallace,  Geo.  W.  15  Mar.'66.. 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Clitz  Henry  B  4  Nov  '63 

N.  Y.. 

Mich. 

Major. 
Maynadier,  Henry  E.  4  Nov.'63. 

Va.  .  .  . 

D.C. 

Majors. 

13TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Rov  James  P  16  Fob  '65 

Enfr\l  . 

Va 

Williams,  Geo.  A.  15  Mar.'f>6.  .  . 

N.Y. 

Colonel. 
Reeve,  Isaac  V.  D.  14  Oct.'64.  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

SEVENTH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Colonel. 

*Andrews,  Geo.  L.  14  Oct.  '64.. 

R.  I... 

Mo. 

*Sprague,  John  T.  12  June,'65.. 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

Major. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

*Clinton,  William  17  Feb.  '64.  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Gilbert,  Chas.  C.  8  July,'68  

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

14TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Majors. 

Black,  Henry  M.  25  Julv,'63.  .  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Colonel. 

Blunt,  Matthew  M.  30  July,  '65.. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

|*Lovell,  Charles  S.  16  Feb.'65.  . 

Mass.. 

Army. 

ARMY  LIST. 
ARMY  LIST. —  Continued. 


117 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Bom  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

21sT  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Wallen,  Henry  D.  30  July,'65... 

Ga  

Fla. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Stoneman,  George  28  July,'66.. 

X   Y 

X.  Y.. 

Freedley,  Henry  W.  31  Dec.'67. 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

15TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Carroll,  Samuel  S.  22  Jan.'67.  .  . 

D.C... 

D.C. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Shepherd,  Oliver  L.  21  Jan.'63.  . 

X.  Y.. 

X.  Y. 

*Anderson,  T.  M.  26  Mar.'68.  .  . 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

22D  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Hayden,  Julius  28  July,'6G  

X.  Y.. 

Fla. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Stanley,  David  S.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Hudson,  E.  McK.  4  Xov.'65.  .  .  . 

Conn.  . 

Conn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

16TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Otis,  Elwell  S.  28  July,  '66  

Md.... 

X.  Y. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Sibley,  Caleb  C.  20  Apr.'64  

Mass.. 

Mass. 

Chambers,  Alex.  5  Mar.'67  

X.  Y.. 

X.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

23D  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Maloney,  Maurice  21  June,'67. 

Irel'd.. 

Army. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*Davis,  Jefferson  C.  28  July,'66. 

Ind.... 

Ind. 

*Sweeney,  Thos.  W.  20  Oct,'63. 

Irel'd.. 

X.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

17TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Crook,  Goorge  28  July,'66  

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Heintzelman,  S.  P.  14  May,'61.  . 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Marshall,  Louis  H.  16  Oct.'63... 

Va.... 

Md. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

24TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Hayman,  Sam'IB.  15Sept.'67.. 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Gillem,  Alvan  C.  28  July,'66..  .  . 

Tenn.. 

Tenn. 

Gay,  Ebenezer  16  Sept.  '67 

X.  H.. 

X.  H. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

18TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Ames,  Adelbert  28  July,'66  

Me.... 

Me. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*Carrington,  H.  B.  14  May,'61.. 

Conn.  . 

Ohio. 

*Dudley,  X.  A.  M.  13  Sept.^.. 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

25TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Wessells,  Henry  W.  16  Feb.'65. 

Conn.  . 

Conn. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Granger,  Gordon  28  July/GG..  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

X.  Y. 

Van  Voast,  James  29  Dec.'63.  .  . 

X.  Y.. 

X.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

19TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Upton,  Emory  28  July.  '66  

X.  Y.. 

X.  Y. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Daweon,  Sam'l  K.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Swaine,  Peter  T.  29  Dec.'65  

X.  Y.. 

X.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Lugenbeel,  Pinck'y  25  June,'67. 

Md.... 

Ohio. 

26TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Colonel. 

Major. 
Latimer,  Alfred  E.  25  June,'67.. 

S.   C.. 

S.  C. 

Reynolds,  Joseph  J.  28  July,'66. 

Ky.... 

Ind. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

20TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

McCook,  Alex.  McD.  5Mar.'67.. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Colonel. 
Sykes,  George  12  Jan  '68 

Md.... 

Md. 

Major. 

*Bootes,  Levi  C.  20  Sept.'63  

D.C... 

Army. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Hunt,  Lewis  C.  29  Mar.'68  

Wis... 

Mo. 

27TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Major. 

Colonel. 

Xeill,  Thomas  II.  26  Aug.'63.  .  . 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

*Smith,  John  E.  28  July,'66.  .  .  . 

Penn.. 

111. 

118 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

ARMY  LIST. —  Continued. 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Lieutenant  Colonel, 

34TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Bradley,  Luther  P.  28  July,'66. 

Conn.. 

in. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*Peunypacker,  G.  28  July,'GG... 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Townsend,  Ed.  F.  22  June,'68.  . 

N.  Y.. 

Wis. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

28TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Kautz,  August  V.  28  July,'GG..  . 

Ger'y.. 

Ohio. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*Smith,  Charles  II.  28  July,'6G.  . 

Me.... 

Me. 

Carlin,  William  P.  8  Feb.  '64.  .  .  . 

111...... 

111. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

35TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Ayres,  Romeyii  B.  28  July,'66.  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Doubleday,  Ahner  15  Sept.  '67.. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Ross,  Samuel  8  July  '68. 

N.  Y.. 

Iowa. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
Wilson,  James  H.  28  Julv,'66 

Ill  

111. 

29TH  REG  T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Willcox,  Orlando  B.  28  July,'(56. 

Mich.. 

Mich. 

Mason,  John  S.  14  Oct.'64  

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

36TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Buell,  George  P.  28  July,'G6.  .  . 

Ind.... 

Ind. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Gibbon,  John  28  July,'6G 

Penn.  . 

N.  C. 

*Bissell,  Lyman  4  Mar/64  

Conn.. 

Conn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

30TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Morrow,  Henry  A.  28  July,'G8. 

Va.... 

Mich. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*Stevenson,  John  D.  28  July,'C6. 

Ya.... 

Mo. 

Lewis,  William  H.  14  July,'G4.  . 

Ala.... 

N.  Y. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

37TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Po'tter,  Joseph  H.  28  July,'66..  . 

N.  H.. 

N.  H. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Getty,  George  W.  28  July,'G6... 

D.C... 

D.C. 

Dodge,  Richard  I.  21  June,'64 

N    C 

N  C 

4 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

31sT  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Brocke,  John  R.  28  July,'66... 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*DeTrobriand,  P.  R.  28  July,'6G. 

Fra'ce. 

N.  Y. 

Fleming,  Hugh  B.  28  July,  '66.  . 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

38TH  REG'T  OP  INFANTRY. 

Bowman,  And.  W.  6  June,  '67.  . 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Hazcn,  William  B.  28  July,'66.  . 

Vt  

Ohio. 

Whistler,  Jos.  N.  G.  31  Dec.'64. 

Wis... 

Fla. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

32o  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Grover,  Cuvier  28  July,  '66  

Me.... 

Me. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

*Crittenden,Thos.  L.  28  July,'66 

Ky.... 

Ky. 

*Merriam,  Henry  C.  28  July,'6G. 

Me.... 

Me. 

Licwtcfictnt  OoloTicl. 

Dent,  Frederick  T.  31  Dec.'67.  . 

Mo.  .  .  . 

Mo. 

39TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Major. 
Chapin,  Gurden  18  May,'64  

D.C... 

Va. 

Colonel. 
*Mower,  Joseph  A.  28  July,'6G. 

Vt  

Conn. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

33D  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Wheaton,  Frank  28  July,'G6..  . 

R.I... 

R.I. 

Colonel. 

Major. 

Ruger,  Thomas  II.  28  July,'66.  . 

N.  Y.. 

Wis. 

Bliss,  Zenas  R.  6  Aug.'G7  

R.I... 

R.L 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Woods,  Charles  R.  28  July,'66.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

40TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Major. 

Colonel. 

Wilkins,  John  D.  6  May,'64.  .  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

Penn. 

*Miles,  Nelson  A.  28  July,'66.  .  . 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

1869.] 


ARMY  LIST. 
ARMY  LIST. —  Continued. 


119 


Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  and  date  of  Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed, 
from. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

43D  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

*Hinks,  Edward  W.  28  July/66. 

Me.... 

Mass. 

Colonel. 
*Robinson,  John  C.  28  July  '66 

N    Y 

N.  Y. 

Major. 
*Compton,  Chas.  E.  28  July,'66. 

N.  J... 

Iowa.  . 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
*Kiddo,  Joseph  B.  28  July,'66.  . 

Penn.. 

Penn. 

41sT  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Major. 

Colonel. 

Hardin,  Martin  D.  28  July,'66.  . 

HI  

111. 

Mackenzie,  Ranald  S.  6  Mar.  '67. 

N.  Y.. 

Atl'ge. 

44TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Colonel. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 
*Shaftcr,  Win.  R.  28  July,'(56.  .  . 

Mich.. 

Mich. 

Pitcher,  Thos.  G.  28  July,'66.  .  . 
Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Ind.... 

Ind. 

Major. 

Webb,  Alex.  S.  28  July,'66  

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Schofleld,  Geo.  W.  28  Jnly,'66. 

N.  Y.. 

Mo. 

Major. 

*Lewis,  John  R.  22  Jan.  '67  Penn.  . 

Vt. 

42D  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

45TH  REG'T  OF  INFANTRY. 

Colonel. 
*Sickles,  Daniel  E.  28  July,'66.. 

X.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Colonel. 
*Swayne,  Wager  28  Jnlv.'OO.  .  .  . 

Ohio... 

Ohio. 

Lieutenant  Colonel. 

Lieutenant  Cdond. 

*Mdntosh,  John  B.  28  July,'66. 

Fla.  ,  .  . 

Atl'ge. 

*Woodward,  Geo.  A.  28  July,"66.  Penn.  . 

Penn. 

Major. 

Major. 

*Rodenbough,  T.  P.  28  July,'6G. 

Pcnn.. 

Penn. 

*Rnnklc,  Ben.].  P.  28  July,'06.  .  .  -Ohio... 

Ohio. 

RETIRED  FROM  ACTIVE  SERVICE. 


Name,  rank,  Regiment  or  Corps,  and  date  of 
Commission. 

Born  in. 

Appointed 
from. 

Name,  rank,  Regiment  or  Corps,  and  date  of 
Commission.                                   B°rn  m' 

Appointed 
from. 

On  their  own  application,  after 

Seawell,  Washington  17  Oct.'60.  \  Va  Va. 

forty  or  more  consecutive  years 
of  service,  in  conformity  with 
sedion  15  of  the  act  of  August 
3,  1861. 

6th  Infantry. 
*Simonson,  Jno.  S.  13  May,  '61. 
3d  Cavalry. 
*Morrison,  Pitcairn  6  June,  '61. 

| 
Penn.  .  Ind. 

N.  Y.  'N-.  Y 

Colonels. 

8th  Infantry. 

Abercrombie,  J.  J.  25  Feb/61.  . 
7th  Infantry. 

Tenn.  . 

Tenn. 

Cady,  Albemarle  20  Oct.'63  
8tn  Infantry. 

N.  H.. 

N.  H. 

*Finlev,  Clem'nt  A.  15  May,'61. 
Surgeon  General. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Lieutenant  Colonels. 

*Gardner,  John  L.  23  July,  '61.  . 

2d  Artillery. 
Casey,  Silas  9  Oct.'61  
4th  Infantry. 
Day,  Hannibal  7  June,'62  

Mass.. 
R.  I... 
Vt  

Mass. 
R.I. 
Vt. 

Morris,  Thompson  3  Mar.'55.  .  . 
4th  Infantry. 
Andrews,  George  18  Oct.  '55  
6th  Infantry. 
*Morris,  Gouv'r  31  May,'57  

Ohio.. 
D.C... 

N.  Y.. 

Ohio. 
D.C. 

N.  Y. 

6th  Infantry. 

1st  Infantry. 

Major. 

Ruff,  Charles  F.  10  June,'61.  .  .  . 

Penn.. 

Mo. 

Porter,  Giles  16  Feb.'47  
4th  Artillery. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

3d  Cavalry. 
Alexander,  T.  L.  31  July,'61  

Va.... 

Ky. 

For  incapacity,  resulting  from 
long  and  faithful  service—  from 
wound*  or  injury  received— 
from  disease  con  tract  ed.  or  from 
exposure  in  the  line  of  duty,  in 
conformity  with  sections  16  and 
17  of  the  act  of  Aug.  3,  1861. 

5th  Infantry. 
Eastman   Seth  9  Sept  '61 

Me 

Me. 
Mo. 
N.  Y. 
Md. 

1st  Infantry. 
*Steen,  Enoch  28  Sept.  '61  
2d  Cavalry. 
Whiting,  Daniel  P.  15  Feb.'62.  . 
6th  Infantry. 
Chapman,  William  20Feb.'62.. 

Ky.... 

N.  Y.. 
Md.... 

General  Officer. 

3d  Infantry. 

Anderson,  Robert  15  May,'61... 
Brigadier  General. 

Ky.... 

Ky. 

Patten.  George  W.  7  June,'62.  .  JR.  I.  .  . 
2d  Infantry. 
Arnold,  Lewis  G.  1  Aug.'63.  .  .  .  N.  J..  . 

R.L 
N.  J. 

Colonels. 

<    2d  Artillery. 

Bonneville,  B.  L.  E.  3  Feb.  '55.  . 

Fra'ce. 

N.  Y. 

Sitgreaves,  Lorenzo  22  Apr.'64.  Penn.. 

Penn. 

3d  Infantry. 

Engineers. 

120 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  A3TD  REGISTER. 

RETIRED  FROM:  ACTIVE  SERVICE. —  Continued. 


[1869. 


nk,  Kegimcr.t  or  Corps,  and  date  of 


Corps,  and  date  of 


Commission. 

Born  in.     "«~" 
!      from. 

Commission.       '                           Born  m.         f^^ 

Majors. 

*Thomas,  Charles  1  Aug.'ou  Penn.  .  iPenn. 

*DeCamp,  S.  G.  I.  1  Dec.'33.  .  .  . 
Medical  Dep't. 
*Porter,  John  B.  4  Oct.  '46  
Medical  Dep't. 

N.  J... 
Conn.  . 

N.  J. 
Conn. 

Quartermaster's  Dep't. 
Brown,  Harvey  14  May,'6i  
5th  Artillery. 
Hunter,  David  14  May,'61  

N.,... 

D.C... 

N.  J. 
111. 

Smith,  Joseph  R.  11  June.'51.. 
7th  Infantry. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

6th  Cavalry. 
Merchant,  Chas.  S.  28  Aug.'Gl.  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Macrae,  Nath'l  C.  31  May,'57.  .  . 
3d  Infantry. 

Va  .  .  .  . 

Va. 

4th  Artillery. 
*IIowe,  Marshall  S.  28  Sept.'Gl. 

Me.... 

Me. 

*Edgar,  William  F.  21  May,'61. 
Mcclicftl  Dco't 

Ky.... 

Mo. 

3d  Cavalry. 
Dimick,  Justin  26  Oct.  '61  

Conn.  . 

Vt. 

Austine,  William  23  Julv,'«l.  .  . 
3d  Artillery. 
*  Jones,  Llewellyn  28  Scpt.'61  .  . 
1st  Cavalry. 
*Ne\vton,  Wash.  I.  1  Oct/61... 
2d  Cavalry. 

Conn.. 
N.  Y.. 
D.C... 

Conn. 
X.  Y. 
Va. 

1st  Artillery. 
Crosman,  Geo.  H.  26  Feb.  '63.  .  . 
Quartermaster's  Dep't. 
Thayer,  Sylvanus  3  Mar.'G3  
Engineers. 
Bache,  Hartman  3  Mar.'G3  

Mass.  . 
Mass.. 
Penn.. 

Mass. 
Mass. 
Penn. 

•Lovell,  Chris.  S.  9  Oct,'61  
3d  Infantry. 

S.  C... 

S.  C. 

Engineers. 
Brewerton,  Henry  22  Apr.'G4... 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

*Lee,  Arthur  T.  26  Oct.  '61  
2d  Infuntry 

Penn.  . 

Peun. 

Engineers. 
Vinton,  David  H.  29  July,'66.  .  . 

R.I... 

R.I. 

Gardiner,  J.  W.  T.  26  Oct.'61... 
2d  Cavalry. 
*Chase  Daniel  26  Oct.'61. 

Me.... 
Conn.. 

Me. 
Ohio. 

Quartermaster's  Dep't. 
Babbitt,  Edwin  B.  29  July,'66.  . 
Quartermaster's  Dep't. 
Cross,  Osborn  29  July.  '66  

Conn.  . 
Md.  .  .  . 

Ind. 
Md. 

13th  Inluntrv 

Judd,  Henry  B.'  1  Nov.'Bl  

Conn.  . 

Conn. 

Quartermaster's  Dep't. 

4th  Artillery. 

j  .      .          t  c1  7       J 

Whittlesev,  Jos.  II.  12  Nov.'Gl. 
5th  Cavalry. 
*Prince,  Wm.  E.  23  Nov.'Gl  

N.  Y.. 
Mass.. 

N.  Y. 
Mass. 

*Burke,  Martin  28  Aug.'6l  
3d  Artillery. 

Md.  .  .  . 

D.C. 

3d  Infantry. 
Caldwcll,  James  N.  27  Feb.'62. 

Ohio... 

Ohio. 

Majors. 
Lvnde  Isaac  18  Oct  '55 

Vt  

Vt. 

IStli  Infantry. 
Jordan,  Charles  D.  27  Feb.  '62.  . 
5th  Infantry. 

Mass.. 

Mass. 

18th  Infantry. 
*Francis,  Simeon  3  Aug.  '61  

Conn.  . 

Oreg. 

*Hendrickson,  T.  27  June,'62.. 

Penn.. 

Army. 

Pay  Dep't. 

3d.  Inftintrv 

*Newby,  E.  W.  B.  17  July,'62.. 
3d  Cavalry. 
Tracy,  Albert  1  Junc,'G3  
15th  Infantry. 

Va.  .  .  . 
N.  Y.. 

111. 
Me. 

Officers  retired  upon  the  full  rank 
of  the  command  held  by  them 
when  wounded,  in  conformity 
with  sections  16  and  17  of  the 

*Haetings,  D.M.  23  Sept.'63..  .  . 
5th  Cavalry. 

Irel'cl.. 

Army. 

act  of  Aug.  3,  1861,  and  section 
32  of  the  act  of  July  28,  1866. 

McArthur,  Jos.  H.  25  Sept.'63.  . 
3d  Cavalry. 

Mo.... 

Mo. 

Upon  full  rankof  Major  General. 

*Larned,  Frank  II.  3  Jan.'67.  .  . 

Mich.. 

Mich. 

Wood,  Thos.  J.  9  June,'68  

Ky.... 

Ky. 

1st  Artillery. 

Colonel  2d  Cavalry. 
Johnson,  Richard  W.  12Oct.'67. 

Ky.... 

Ky. 

By  direction  of  fhe  President,  in 
conformity  ^^ith  section  12  of 

Major  4th  Cavalry. 
Ricketts,  James  B.  3  Jan.'67.  .  . 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

the  act  of  July  17,  18G2. 

Major  1st  Artillery. 

General  Officers. 

*Long,  Eli  16  Aug.'67  
Captain  4th  Cavalry. 

Ky.... 

Ky. 

*Wool,  John  E.  l(i  May,  '62  
Major  General. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Upon  full  rank  of  Brig.  General. 

*Harney,  Wm.  S.  14  June,'5S..  .  La  ....  ^La. 

Paul,  Gabriel  R.  28  July,'66.  .  .  . 

Mo.... 

Mo. 

Brigadier  General. 

Colonel  14th  Infantry. 

Ripley,  James  W.  3  Aug.'Gl  .  .  . 

Conn..  Conn. 

*Fessenden.  F.  1  Nov?66  

Me.... 

Me. 

Brig.  Gen'l,  Chief  of  Orel. 

Captain  28th  Infantry. 

Ramsey,  Geo:  D.  15  Sept.  '63..  .  . 
Brig.  Gen'l,  Chief  of  Ord. 

Va.  ...  D.C. 

Upon  full  rank  of  Colonel. 

Delafield,  Richard  22  Apr.'C4..  . 

N.  Y..  N.  Y. 

Marshall,  Elislia  G.  11  Sept.'G7. 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y. 

Brig.  Gen'l,  Chief  Eng. 

Major  5th  Infantry. 

*Yates,  Theodore  1  Nov.'G?  

Mo.... 

Mo. 

Colonels. 

Captain  31  st  Infantry. 

Gates,  William  13  Oct.'45  

Mass..  Mass. 

Walker,  Moses  B.  28  July,'66.. 

Ohio  .  . 

Ohio. 

3d  Artillery. 
Loomis,  Gustavug  9  Mar.'Sl.... 
5th  Infantry. 

Vt  Vt. 

Captain  12th  Infantry. 
Upon  full  rank  of  Major. 

*Craig,  Henry  K.  10  July,  '51.  ..  Penn..  Penn. 
Ordnance  Dep't.                       i 

Clark,  Joseph  C.,  Jr.,  28  July,'66. 
Captain  4th  Artillery. 

N.J...  N.  J. 

1869.] 


PAY  OF  THE  ARMY. 


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122  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.     .  [1869. 

EXPLANATIONS  OF  THE  PRECEDING  TABLE. 

1.  Double  rations  are  allowed  by  law  to  the  General-in-Chief  Commanding  the  Army  of  the 
United  States ;  to  each  general  officer  commanding  in  chief  a  separate  army  actually  in  the  field ; 
to  each  general  officer  commanding  a  geographical  division  embracing  one  or  more  geographical 
departments ;   and  to  each  officer  commanding  a  military  geographical  department.    In  the 
above  table  the  rations  of  the  general  and  lieutenant  general  are  doubled. 

2.  Every  commissioned  officer  of  the  United  States  Army,  including  retired  officers,  is  enti 
tled  to  one  additional  ration  per  day  for  every  five  years'  service. 

3.  The  rations  of  surgeons  and  assistant  surgeons  are  doubled  after  ten  years'  continuous 
service  in  the  same  grade.    This  is  in  addition  to  the  longevity  rations  to  which  they  would 
otherwise  be  entitled. 

4.  Subaltern  officers,  employed  on  the  General  Staff,  and  receiving  increased  pay  therefor, 
are  not  entitled  to  the  additional  or  fourth  ration  provided  by  the  Act  of  March  2,  1827,  Sec.  2. 

5.  Officers  retired  from  active  service  are  entitled  to  tne  pay  proper  of  the  highest  staffer  regi 
mental  rank  held  at  time  of  retirement  and  four  rations  per  day.     Officers  retired  from  active 
service  for  disability  from  Avounds  received  in  battle,  upon  the  full  rank  of  the  command  they 
held  at  the  time  such  wound  was  received,  arc  entitled  to  the  retired  pay  of  that  rank  or  grade. 
Retired  officers  assigned  to  appropriate  duty  by  the  President  are  entitled,  while  so  assigned 
and  employed,  to  the  full  pay  and  emoluments  of  the   grade  upon   which  they  may  have 
been  retired. 

6.  Ten  dollars  additional  pay  per  month  is  allowed  to  each  "  Company  officer  "  in  actual  com 
mand  of  a  company.  , 

7.  If  a  fixed  salary  has  been  given  by  law  to  any  military  employe  of  the  government,  while 
in  active  duty,  and  a  defined  military  rank,  either  actual  or  assimilated,  has  also  been  conferred 
upon  him  by  law,  his  rank  and  not  his  salary  will  control  his  pay  on  retirement..    This  decision 
is  applicable  to  all  chaplains  of  the  army,  holding  the  military  rank  of  cnptain  of  infantry,  under 
the  provisions  of  section  7,  act  of  March  2,  1867,  when  retired  from  active  service. 

8.  The  forage  allowances  to  mounted  officers  for  their  horses  are  required  by  law  to  be  drawn 
in  kind  from  the  quartermaster's  department ;  but  whenever  commuted,  because  the  quarter 
master  is  unable  to  furnish  in  kind,  the  commutation  value  for  each  horse  actually  kept  in  use 
and  allowed  by  law  is  eight  dollars  per  month. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  REGULAR  ARMY. 

There  were  in  the  army  January  1,  1868,  one  General,  one  Lieutenant  General,  and  other 
officers,  as  follows : 

Major  Generals 5  Second  Lieutenants 660 

Brigadier  Generals 19  Chaplains 36 

Colonels 88  Military  Storekeepers 29 

Lieutenant  Colonels 103  Medical  Storekeepers 5 

Majors 291  Veterinary  Surgeons 10 

Aides-de-Camp 43  Sergeant  Majors CO 

Captains 738  Quartermaster  Sergeants 60 

Adjutants 60  Commissary  Sergeants CO 

Regimental  Quartermasters 55  Principal  Musicians 100 

Regimental  Quartermasters  and  Commis-  Saddler  Sergeants 10 

sarics 5  Chief  Trumpeters 10 

Regimental  Commissaries 10  Ordnance  Sergeants 120 

Battalion  Adjutant 1  Hospital  Stewards 453 

Battalion  Quartermaster 1  Regimental  Hospital  Stewards 60 

First  Lieutenants 882 

Whole  number  of  general  officers 17  There  were  of  cavalry  regiments 10 

Commissioned  officers 2,984  Artillery  regiments 5 

Whole  number  enlisted 49,938  Infantry  regiments 41 

Aggregate 52,922  Veteran  reserve  corps,  infantry  regiments. .  .4 

There  were  49  national  cemeteries  to  each  of  which  a  superintendent  was  appointed  by  the 
president. 
There  were  406  Indian  scouts  employed  in  the  territories  and  Indian  country. 


18(59.] 


ARTILLERY  SCHOOL-ARMORIES  AND  ARSENALS. 


123 


During  the  session  of  Congress  in  June,  1868,  Secretary  Schofield  transmitted  to  the  Commit 
tee  on  Military  Affairs  an  estimate  of  the  diminution  of  the  Army  by  expiration  of  term  of  ser 
vice  death  and  desertion  up  to  January  1,  1869,  and  July  1  of  the  same  year,  as  follows : 

Cavalry  to  Jan.  1 4,113        Artillery  to  July  1 3,208 

Cavalry  to  July  1 6,347        Infantry  to  Jan.  1 12,096 

Artillery  to  Jan.  1 .' 1,837        Infantry  to  July  1 21,002 

The  total  strength  of  the  Army  September  30, 1868,  was  48,081. 

ARTILLERY  SCHOOL. 

The  Artillery  School  was  organized  at  the  close  of  1867,  by  order  of  the  General  of  the  Army, 
and  Brevet  Major  General  Barry,  Colonel  Second  Artillery,  was  assigned  to  its  command.  It 
was  established  at  Fortress  Monroe,  and  one  battery  from  each  of  the  live  regiments  of  artillery 
was  ordered  to  that  post  as -the  instruction  batteries  for  the  first  year.  The  course  of  instruc 
tion  adopted  for  the  school  is  both  theoretical  and  practical,  embracing  a  variety  of  subjects, 
and  is  pursued  both  by  the  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  of  the  batteries.  The  prac 
tical  course  for  the  first  year,  closed  November,  1868. 


ARMORIES  AND  ARSENALS. 


Armories  and  Arsenals. 

State. 

Post  Office. 

Commanding  officers. 

Springfield  Armory.  .  . 
Allegheny  Arsenal  
Augusta  Arsenal  

Baton  Rouge  Arsenal. 
Benicia  Arsenal  

Champlain  Arsenal... 
Charleston  Arsenal.  .  . 
Columbus  Arsenal. 

Massachusetts.. 

Springfield     

Major  and  Bvt.  Colonel  James 
G.  Ben  ton. 
Col.  and  Bvt.  Brigadier  General 
Robert  H.  K.  Whiteley. 
Capt.  and  Bvt.  Lieut.   Colonel 
Daniel  W.  Flairler. 
Major  John  W.  Todd. 
Major  and  Bvt.  Colonel  Julian 
McAllister. 
Military  Storekeeper,  Ephraim 
D.  Ellsworth,  in  charge. 
Capt.  and  Bvt.  Major  Francis  H. 
Parker. 
Capt.  and  Bvt.  Major  Thomas  C. 
Bradford. 
Capt.  and  Bvt.Maj.  J.  R.  Edie,  Jr. 
Major  and  Bvt.  Colonel  Thomas 
G.  Baylor. 
Military  Storekeeper,  Wm.  R. 
Shoemaker,  in  charge. 
Major  and  Bvt.  Lieut.  Colonel 
Stephen  V.  Benet. 
Capt.  and  Bvt.  Lieut.  Colonel 
William  H.  Harris. 
Capt.  and  Bvt.  Lieut.  Colonel 
David  H.  Buel. 
Major  and  Bvt.  Lieut.  Colonel 
John  McNutt. 
Military  Storekeeper,  WTm.  II. 
Rexford,  in  charge. 
Lieut.  Colonel  and  Bvt.  Colonel 
Theodore  T.  S.  Laidley. 
Military  Storekeeper,  Michael  J. 
Greaiish,  in  charge. 
Lieut.  Col.  and  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen. 
Thomas  J.  Rodman. 
Military  Storekeeper,  James  S. 
Abeel,  in  charge. 
Lieut.  Col.  and  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen. 
Franklin  D.  Callender. 
Captain  Isaac  Arnold. 
Capt.  Lawrence  S.  Babbitt. 
Brig,  and  Bvt.  Major  General 
George  D.  Ramsay,  U.  S.  A. 
Lieut.  Col.  and  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen. 
Charles  P.  Kingsbury. 
Colonel  and  Bvt.  Brig.  General 
Peter  V.  Hagner. 

Penns37lvania  
Georgia  
Louisiana 

Pittsburg  

Augusta  
Baton  Rouge 

California     

Benicia  

Ven?ennes..  . 

Vermont 

South  Carolina  Charleston  
Ohio                   .            Columbus 

Detroit  Arsenal 

Michigan.        

Dearbonville  
Old  Point  Comfort.  . 

Fort  Union. 

Fort  Monroe  Arsenal. 
Fort  Union  Arsenal.  . 
Frankfort  Arsenal  
Indianapolis  Arsenal  . 
Kennebec  Arsenal 

Virginia 

New  Mexico  
Pennsylvania  
Indiana 

Philadelphia  
Indianapolis  
\u°pusta 

Maine 

Leaven  worth  Arsenal. 
Mt.  Vernon  Arsenal.  . 
New  York  Arsenal  .  .  . 
Pikesville  Arsenal  
Rock  Island  Arsenal.. 
Rome  Arsenal  
St.  Louis  Arsenal  

San  Antonio  Arsenal. 
Vancouver  Arsenal  .  .  . 
Washington  Arsenal.  . 

Watertown  Arsenal.. 
Watervliet  Arsenal.  .  . 

Kansas 

Fort  Leavenworth.  . 
Mount  Vernon  
Nr>w  Vorlc 

Alabama  
New  York 

Maryland                     Pikosville 

Illinois  
New  York  
Missouri 

Rock  Island  

:  Rome  .  .  . 

St  Louis 

Texas 

;San  Antonio  
Vancouver  
Washington  

Watertown 

Washington  Ter.  .  .  . 
Dist.  of  Columbia.. 

Massachusetts  
New  York  

West  Troy  

124  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

MILITARY  GEOGRAPHICAL  DIVISIONS,  DISTRICTS,  AND  DEPARTMENTS. 

1.  Division  of  the  Missouri.     The  Departments  of  Dakota,  of  the  Missouri, 
and  of  the  Platte ;  headquarters  at  St.  Louis,  ^issouri. 

2.  Division  •  of  the  Pacific,     The  Departments  of   California  and  of  the 
Columbia ;  headquarters  at  San  Francisco,  California. 

3.  Division  of  the  Atlantic.     The  Departments  of  the  East,  of  Washington, 
and  of  the  Lakes ;  headquarters  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

4.  First  Military  District.     The  State  of  Virginia ;  headquarters  at  Rich 
mond,  Virginia. 

5.  Fourth  Military  District.     The  State  of  Mississippi;  headquarters  at 
Vicksburg,  Mississippi. 

6.  Fifth  Military  District.     The  State  of  Texas ;  headquarters  at  Austin, 
Texas. 

7.  Department  of  the  East.     The  New  England  States,  the  States  of  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Post  of  Fort  Delaware,  Dela 
ware  ;  headquarters  at  New  York  City. 

8.  Department  of  the  Lakes.     The  States  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Wis 
consin,  and  Indiana,  except  the  Post  of  Jeffersonville,  Indiana ;  headquarters 
at  Detroit,  Michigan. 

9.  Department  of  the   Cumberland.     The  States  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee, 
and  West  Virginia,  and  the  Post  of  Jeffersonville,  Indiana;  headquarters  at 
Louisville,  Kentucky. 

10.  Department  of  the  Missouri.     The  States  of  Missouri  and  Kansas,  the 
Indian  Territory,  and  the  Territories  of  Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  except 
the  Posts  of  Forts  Morgan  and  Sedgwick,  C.  T.,  and  the  stage  road  from 
Fort  Sedgwick  to  Denver,  C.  T. ;  headquarters  at  Fort  Leaven  worth,  Kansas. 

11.  Department  of  the  Platte.     The  States  of  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  the 
Territory  of  Utah,  the  Territory  of  Wyoming,  so  much  of  the  Territory  of 
Montana  as  lies  contiguous  to  the  new  road  from  Fort  Laramie,  D.  T.,  to 
Virginia  City,  M.  T.,  the  Posts  of  Forts  Morgan  and   Sedgwick,  C.  T.,  and 
the  stage  road  from  Fort  Sedgwick  to  Denver,  C.  T. ;  headquarters  at  Omaha. 
Nebraska. 

12.  Department  of  Dakota.     The  State  of  Minnesota,  the  Territory  of  Da 
kota,  and  the  Territory  of  Montana,  except  so  much  as  lies  contiguous  to 
the  new  road  from  Fort  Laramie,  D.  T.,  to  Virginia  City,  M.  T. ;    headquar 
ters  at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 

13.  Department  of  California.     The  States  of  California  and  Nevada,  and 
the  Territory  of  Arizona ;  headquarters  at  San  Francisco,  California. 

14.  Department  of  the  Columbia.     The  State  of  Oregon,  and  the  Territories 
of  Washington  and  Idaho ;  headquarters  at  Portland,  Oregon. 

15.  Department  of  Washington.     The  States   of  Maryland  and  Delaware, 
except  the  Post  of  Fort  Delaware,  Delaware,  and  the  District  of  Columbia ; 
headquarters  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

16.  Department  of  the  South.     The  States  of  North  and  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Florida,  and  Alabama ;  headquarters  at  Atlanta,  Georgia. 


1869.]  FREEDMEN' S  BUREAU.  125 

17.  Department  of  Louisiana.     The  States  of  Louisiana  and  Arkansas; 
headquarters  at  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

18.  Department  of  Alaska.     Territory  of  Alaska;  headquarters  at  Sitka, 
Alaska  Territory.     (Belongs, to  the  Division  of  the  Pacific). 

FREEDMEN'S  BUREAU. 

The  Bureau  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  Abandoned  Lands  was  estab 
lished  March  3,  1865,  and  attached  to  the  War  Department.  By  its  terms 
the  law  was  limited  to  one  year  after  the  close  of  the  rebellion.  On  the  16th 
of  July,  A.  D.  1866,  the  law  wTas  amended  and  continued  in  force  for  two 
years,  and  again  on  the  25th  of  July,  1868,  an  act  was  passed  continuing  the 
educational  department  of  the  Bureau,  and  the  collections  and  payments  of 
money  due  soldiers  and  sailors  or  their  heirs,  until  otherwise  ordered  by 
Congress,  but  the  other  operations  of  the  bureau  were  to  be  withdrawn  from 
the  reconstructed  states  on  the  1st  of  January,  1868. 

Major  General  O.  O.  Howard,  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau 
on  the  12th  of  May,  1865,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  on  the  15th.  Ten 
Assistant  Commissioners  were  appointed  in  the  different  states  embraced 
under  the  Bureau ;  with  one  exception,  these  were  officers  in  the  army  who 
were  changed  from  time  to  time  as  changes  were  made  in  the  different  mili 
tary  departments. 

The  Bureau  was  organized  with  four  departments  embracing  that  of  Lands, 
Records,  Financial  Affairs,  and  the  Medical  Department.  The  Claim  Division 
was  subsequently  organized  under  the  head  of  the  land  department. 

The  Bureau  at  first  had  supervision  of  farming  property  only,  but  the 
orders  issued  under  the  act  by  the  President  on  the  2d  of  July,  1865,  and 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  soon  after,  placed  the  Bureau  in  charge  of 
all  real  property  which  had  been  abandoned,  captured,  or  confiscated,  includ 
ing  building  lots  in  cities  and  towns  as  well  as  plantations  and  farms. 

As  soon  as  possible  after  its  organization,  the  land  division  proceeded  to 
ascertain  as  accurately  as  possible  the  amount  and  character  of  the  property 
committed  to  its  charge. 

By  act  of  Congress  approved  June  21,  1866,  all  the  public  lands  in  the 
states  of  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Arkansas  and  Florida  were  opened 
for  entry  by  colored  and  white  men  without  distinction,  in  half-quarter  sec 
tions,  or  80  acre  lots.  The  officers  and  agents  of  the  Bureau  have  been 
directed  to  instruct  freedmen  respecting  the  location  and  value  of  these 
public  lands,  and  the  mode  of  procedure  in  order  to  obtain  possession  of 
them.  By  order  of  assistant  commissioners,  surveys  have  been  made  and 
some  assistance  given  in  transporting  families  to  their  new  homes.  In  Feb 
ruary  of  1868,  450  entries  had  been  made  by  freedmen.  Nearly  3,000  families 
have  acquired  homes  in  Florida,  and  great  benefits  have  resulted  from  their 
settlement  on  these  public  lands. 

Though  less  progress  has  been  made  in  other  states  many  freedmen  have 
secured  lands  in  Mississippi,  Arkansas  and  Louisiana. 

When  the  Bureau  was  established,  no  appropriation  was  made  for  its  sup 
port.  There  were  however  in  the  several  states,  funds  to  a  limited  amount 


1-2Q  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

derived  from  various  sources  which  properly  come  under  the  control  of  the 
Bureau  officers.  The  whole  amount  received  from  these  sources  from  January 
1,  1865,  to  January  1,  1868,  or  three  years,  was  $1,605,694.19;  the  whole 
amount  expended  was  $1,544,092.80,  leaving  in  hands  of  disbursing  officers 
January  1,  1868,  $61,601.39. 

Congress  has  made  two  appropriations  for  the  support  of  this  Bureau,  as 
follows : 

From  July  1,  1806  to  July  1,  1867 $6,944,450.00 

From  July  1,  1867,  to  July  1,  1868 3,856,300.00 

Total $10,780,750.00 

The  expenditures  have  been  for 

Salaries  of  assistant  and  sub-assistant  commissioners $302,244.88 

Salaries  of  clerks 509,833.80 

Stationery  and  printing 78,306.14 

Quarters  and  fuel 196,906.54 

Clothing  for  distribution 143,735.99 

Commissary  stores 1,245,271.76 

Medical  department 470,834.37 

Transportation  of  officers  and  agents 131,052.54 

Transportation  of  freedmen  and  refugees 115.979.87 

Transportation  of  stores 87,490.36 

Forage 53,096.28 

School  Superintendents 28,247.61 

Buildings  for  schools  and  asylums,  (including  construction,  rental  and  repairs 558,914.91 

Telegraphing  and  postage 35,546.98 

Internal  revenue  (tax  withheld  on  salaries) 4,981.55 

Southern  relief 385,410.81 

Agricultural  Bureau,  (transferred) 50,000.00 

Total  expended $4,397,854.39 

Amount  in  Treasury  December  31,  1867 $5,736,984.28 

Amount  in  hands  of  disbursing  officers  December  31,  1867 645.911.33 

Amount  on  hand  December  81,  1867 $6,382,895.61 

The  Bureau  has  received  from  the  hands  of  Superintendents  of  negro  affairs 
and  other  officers  a  portion  of  the  state  bounties  of  certain  colored  soldiers 
amounting  to  $112,396.44,  of  which  $77,288.96  had  been  paid  back  Jan 
uary  1,  1868. 

The  resolution  of  Congress  of  March  29,  1867,  provided  that  certain  checks 
and  treasury  certificates  issued  in  settlement  of  claims  due  colored  soldiers 
or  sailors  who  had  resided  in  slave  states  should  be  made  payable  to  the  Com 
missioner  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau.  From  April  17,  1867,  to  January  1, 
1868,  7,362  certificates  and  checks  had  been  received,  amounting  to  $1,536,- 
024.35,  of  which  5,892  amounting  to  $950,822.89  had  been  paid. 

The  bureau  for  some  time  after  its  organization  afforded  relief  to  the  desti 
tute  of  all  classes  in  the  southern  states,  but  the  number  thus  relieved  has 
gradually  diminished.  In  September,  1865,  it  was  74,951;  in  September, 
1866,29,819;  and  in  September,  1867,  11,658.  In  addition  to  the  regular 
relief  furnished,  Congress  in  March,  1867,  authorized  a  general  issue  of 
provisions  "to  prevent  starvation  and  extreme  want  in  those  southern  and 
southwestern  states,  where  a  failure  of  the  crops  and  other  causes  have  occa 
sioned  wide-spread  destitution."  Under  this  act,  corn  and  meat  were  dis- 


1869.]  FREEDMEN' S  BUREAU.  127 

tributed  to  58,343  persons  daily  for  a  period  of  four  months,  at  a  cost  of  $2 
each  per  month. 

A  surprising  thirst  for  knowledge  on  the  part  of  the  colored  people  was 
discovered  soon  after  the  National  forces  entered  the  southern  states,  and 
provision  was  made  for  their  instruction  as  early  as  1861.  After  the  organ 
ization  of  the  Bureau,  schools  were  taken  in  charge  and,  in  some  states,  car 
ried  on  entirely  by  aid  of  its  funds  and  under  its  supervision.  In  September, 
1865,  J.  W.  Alvord,  the  present  General  Superintendent,  was  appointed 
inspector  of  schools.  He  traveled  through  most  of  the  Southern  States, 
examining  the  condition  of  the  freedmen,  and  providing  for  the  establish 
ment  and  supervision  of  schools.  Various  benevolent  societies  co-operated 
with  the  Commissioner  and  Superintendent  in  establishing  schools  and  pro 
viding  teachers.  The  act  of  Congress  of  July  16,  1866,  continuing  the 
bureau  appropriated  $521,000  for  school  purposes,  the  bill  also  provided  for 
the  sale  or  lease  of  property  formerly  belonging  to  the  so  called  confederate 
states  and  the  use  of  the  avails  for  school  purposes.  After  the  passage  of 
this  act,  the  schools  assumed  a  more  enlarged  and  permanent  character. 

During  the  progress  of  the  war,  medical  aid  was  frequently  required  by 
colored  refugees,  which  was  supplied  by  the  medical  department  of  the 
army.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Bureau,  the  care  and  management  of 
this  class  of  the  helpless  sick  devolved  upon  it,  and  stores,  medicines,  &c., 
were  supplied  by  its  medical  division. 

Land  Department.  Whole  number  of  acres  reported  in  possession  of  the  Bureau  from 
its  organization  to  December  31,  1807,  636,389.  Whole  number  restored,  400,517.  Number  of 
pieces  of  town  property  in  possession,  4,238 ;  number  restored,  3,375.  Number  of  acres  in 
possession  Dec.  31,  1867, 235,872.  Number  of  pieces  of  town  property  Dec.  31,  1867,  863. 

Statistics  of  Schools  for  Freedmen.  January  1, 1866,  the  whole  number  of  colored 
schools  was  740 ;  teachers  of  these  schools,  1,314 ;  pupils,  90,589.  For  the  six  months  ending  Jan 
uary  1, 1868,  there  were  reported  1,486  day  or  night  schools  with  1,744  teachers,  and  81,878  pupils  ; 
772  sabbath  schools  with  2,105  teachers,  and  57,177  pupils ;  and  39  industrial  schools  with 
1,603  pupils. 

Of  the  above,  25  are  high  or  normal  schools.  There  are  also  within  knowledge  of  the  super 
intendent,  but  not  regularly  reported,  389  clay  or  night  schools  with  458  teachers  and  18,589 
pupils ;  and  389  sabbath  schools,  with  2,185  teachers  and  30,270  pupils.  Schools  of  all  kinds, 
3,084 ;  teachers,  6,492 ;  pupils,  189,517.  Of  the  whole  number  of  schools,  1000  are  sustained 
wholly  or  in  part  by  the  freedmen,  and  they  own  364  of  the  buildings  used  for  school  purposes. 
Number  of  day  and  night  schools,  for  six  months  ending  July  1, 1868, 1,831 ;  teachers,  2,291 ;  pupils, 
104,327 ;  average  attendance,  78,402,  or  over  75  per  cent.  Tuition  was  paid  by  32,67o  pupils, 
amounting  to  $95,860.84.  Number  of  Sabbath  schools,  1,009;  teachers  in  same,  4,738;  pupils, 
89,466.  Number  of  industrial  schools,  46;  pupils,  1,873. 

The  bureau  expended  for  rents,  repairs  and  construction  of  school  buildings  during  the  pre 
vious  six  months,  $361,205.48 ;  and  for  other  educational  purposes  during  the  same  period, 
$97,201.67;  making  a  total  of  $458,407.15.  The  whole  amount  expended  for  the  support  of  the 
above  schools  by  all  parties  during  the  last  half  year  has  been  $571,446.11.  As'  showing  the  ad 
vancement  of  pupils,  21,032  are  studying  geography,  31.539  arithmetic,  30.567  are  in  writing,  awd 
4,675  are  in  the  higher  branches.  The  whole  amount  expended  for  all  school  purposes  from  the 
commencement  of  the  bureau  to  January  1,  1867,  was  $1,066,394.28. 

Medical  Department.  The  whole  number  of  freedmen  and  refugees  treated  from  the 
organization  of  the  bureau,  to  December  31, 1867,  was  388,516  freedmen,  of  whom  19,257  died; 
19,722  refugees,  of  whom  677  died.  Greatest  number  of  hospitals  existing  at  any  one  time,  48 ; 
number  in  operation  in  1868,  25;  number  discontinued  during  year  ending  December  31,  1867, 
28;  largest  number  of  medical  officers  at  a  given  time,  (September,  1866),  118;  number  employed 
in  1868,  84 ;  greatest  number  of  hospital  attendants,  stewards,  &c.,  430 ;  number  of  attendants 
employed  in  1868,  317. 


128  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary's  Office.  The  Secretary  of  the  Navy  has  charge  of  every  thing 
connected  with  the  naval  establishment,  and  the  execution  of  all  laws  relat 
ing  thereto  under  the  general  direction  of  the  President.  All  instructions 
to  commanders  of  squadrons,  and  commanders  of  vessels ;  all  orders  to 
officers ;  commissions  of  officers,  both  in  the  navy  and  marine  corps ;  appoint 
ments  of  commissioned  and  warrant  officers,  and  orders  for  the  enlistment 
and  discharge  of  seamen,  emanate  from  the  Secretary's  office.  All  the  du 
ties  of  the  different  bureaus  are  performed  under  the  authority  of  the  Secre 
tary,  and  their  orders  are  considered  as  emanating  from  him.  He  has  a 
general  superintendence  of  the  marine  corps,  and  all  the  orders  of  the  com 
mandant  of  that  corps  are  approved  by  him. 

The  Bureau  of  Navy  Yards  and  Docks  has  charge  of  all  the  navy  yards, 
docks  and  wharves,  buildings  and  machinery  in  navy  yards,  and  every  thing 
immediately  connected  with  them.  It  is  also  charged  with  the  management 
of  the  Naval  Asylum. 

The  Bureau  of  Navigation  has  charge  of  the  Naval  Observatory  and  Hydro- 
graphical  Office.  It  furnishes  vessels  with  maps,  charts,  chronometers,  &c,, 
together  with  such  books  as  are  allowed  to  ships  of  war.  The  Naval  Acad 
emy,  Naval  Observatory,  and  Nautical  Almanac  are  attached  to  this  bureau. 

The  Bureau  of  Ordnance  has  charge  of  all  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores, 
the  manufacture  or  purchase  of  cannon,  guns,  powder,  shot,  shells,  &c.,  and 
the  equipment  of  vessels  of  war,  with  every  thing  connected  therewith. 

The  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair  has  charge  of  the  building  and 
repairs  of  all  vessels  of  war,  and  purchase  of  material. 

The  Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting  has  charge  of  providing  all  ves 
sels  with  their  equipments,  as  sails,  anchors,  water  tanks,  &c. ;  also,  charge 
of  the  recruiting  service. 

The  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering  has  charge  of  the  construction,  repair, 
&c.,  of  the  machinery  of  steam  vessels  of  war.  The  Engincer-in-Chief  super 
intends  the  construction  of  all  marine  steam  engines  for  the  navy,  and,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Secretary,  decides  upon  plans  for  their  construction. 

The  Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing  contracts  for  all  provisions  and 
clothing  for  the  use  of  the  navy. 

The  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  manages  every  thing  relating  to  med 
icine  and  medical  stores,  treatment  of  sick  and  wounded,  and  management 
of  hospitals. 

CHIEF  OFFICERS  IN  NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 


Secretary  of  the  Navy GIDEON  WELLES 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy WILLIAM  FAXON 3,500 

Solicitor  of  the  Navy JOHN  A.  BOLLES 3,500 

Chief  Clerk EDGAR  T.  WELLES 2,200 

Disbursing  Clerk JOHN  W.  HOGG 2,000 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks JOSEPH  SMITH 3.500 

CivU  Engineer WM.  P.  S.  SANGER 3,000 

Chief  Cleric AUGUSTUS  E.  MERRITT 1,800 

Draughtsman E.  S.  FRIEDRICH 1,800 


1869.]  NAVAL  ACADEMY.  ^39 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Navigation THORNTON  A.  JENKINS $3,500 

Chief  Clerk BENJ.  F.  GREENE 1,800 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Ordnance JOHN  A.  DAHLGREN 3,500 

Chief  Clerk JOHN  D.  BRANDT 1,800 

Draughtsman CHAS.  R.  STELLWAGEN 1,800 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing HORATIO  BRIDGE 3,500 

Chief  Clerk THOMAS  FILLEBROWN 1,800 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery PHINEAS  J.  HORWITZ 3,500 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair . . .  JOHN  LENTHALL 3,500 

Chief  Clerk HUGH  A.  GOLDSBOROUGH 1,800 

Draughtsman RICHARD  POWELL 1,800 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Eecruiting. .  MELANCTON  SMITH 3,500 

Chief  Clerk S.  HENRIQUES 1,800 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering BENJ.  F.  ISHERWOOD 3,500 

Chief  Clerk WILLIAM:  H.  ALLYN 1,800 


U.  S.  NAVAL  ACADEMY. 

[Corrected  at  Naval  Academy,  October,  1868.] 

Superintendent Vice-Admiral  DAVID  D.  PORTER. 

Assistant  to  Superintendent Commander  JOHN  G.  WALKER. 

Secretary  to  Vice-Admiral JAMES  M.  ALDEN. 

ACADEMIC  BOARD  AND  STAFF. 

President Vice-Admiral  DAVID  D.  PORTER. 

Commandant  of  Midshipmen  and 

Head  of  Dept.  Seamanship,  &c.  .Captain  N.  B.  HARRISON. 
Assistants Lieut.  Commanders  FREDERICK  V.  McNAiR,  MERRILL  MILLER, 

PHILIP  H.  COOPER,  EDMUND   O.  MATTHEWS,  EDWARD 

TERRY,  GEO.  C.  REMEY,  SIMEON  P.  GILLETT,  CHAS.  L. 

FRANKLIN,  SILAS  CASEY,  JOHN  F.  MCGLENSEY,  JOHN  R, 

BARTLETT,  GEO.  DEWEY,  A.  S.  CROWNIN SHIELD. 

Head  of  Dept.  of  Mathematics Professor  WM.  H.  WILLCOX. 

Acting  Assistant  Professors Lieut.  Commanders  JOHN  A.  HOWELL,  ALEX.  H.  McCoRMicK, 

HENRY  L.  JOHNSON,  W.  W.  MACLAY,  P.  F.  HARRINGTON. 

Assistant  Professors JOHN  M.  RICE,  WILLIAM  W.  JOHNSON,  CHARLES  F.  JOHNSON. 

Head  of  Dept.  Steam  Engineering .  Chief  Engineer  THOMAS  WILLIAMSON. 

Assistant  Instructors 1st  Asst.  Engineers  CHARLES  E.  DEVALIN,  Louis  J.  AIJ^EN  ; 

2d  Asst.  Engineer  GEORGE  R.  HOLT. 
Head  of  Dept.  of  Astronomy,  Nav 
igation,  <kc Lieut.  Commander  ROBERT  L.  PHYTHIAN. 

Acting  Assistant  Professors Lieut.  Commanders  JAMES  O.  KANE,  GEORGE  P.  RYAN. 

Assistant  Professor CHARLES  J.  WHITE. 

Head  of  Dept.  of  Natural  and  Ex 
perimental  Philosophy Professor  HENRY  H.  LOCKWOOD. 

Acting  Assistant  Professors Lieut.  Commander  WM.  T.  SAMPSON;   1st  Asst.  Engineer 

RICHARD  H.  THURSTON. 

Assistant  Professor JOHN  W.  LANGLEY. 

Head  of  Dept.  of  Ethics  and  Eng 
lish  Studies Lieut.  Commander  FRANCIS  B.  BLAKE. 

Acting  Assistant  Professor Lieut.  Commander  BARTLETT  J.  CROMWELL. 

Assistant  Professors THOMAS  KARNEY,  HARRY  S.  MACKINTOSH,  WILLIAM  W.  FAT, 

JOSEPH  E.  DICKSON.  ROBBINS  LITTLE,  JOHN  J.  ARCHER. 

Head  of  Dept.  of  French Professor  LEOPOLD  V.  DOVILLIERS. 

Assistant  Professors ALPIIONSE  V.  S.  COURCELLE,  LUCIEN  F.  PRUD'HOMME,  EUQENE 

DOVILLIERS,  JULES  LEROUX,  BERNARD  MAURICE. 

Head  of  Dept.  of  Spanish Professor  EDWARD  A.  ROGET. 

Acting  Assistant  Professors Lieut.  Commanders  WINFIELD  S.  SCHLEY,  CHAS.  F.  BLAKE. 

Assistant  Professor PEDRO  MONTALDO. 

9 


130  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

Head  of  Dept.  of  Drawing Lieut.  Commander  EDWARD  P.  LULL. 

Assistant  Professors HEN^IY  HITCHINGS,  MARSHAL  OLIVER,  A.  W.  WARREN. 

Sword  Master ANTOINE  J.  CORBEISIER. 

Assistants THEODORE  MAURICE,  ADOLPHE  AUBRT. 

Boxing  Master  and  Gymnast FRANK  COMMLOSEY. 

OFFICERS  NOT  ATTACHED  TO  THE  ACADEMIC  STAFF. 

In  charge  Grounds,  d&c.Com'rBusiiROD  B.TAYLOR.  Paymaster  (Storekeeper)  G.  E.  THORNTON. 

Com' dg Marine  Guard. Captain  MCLANE  TILTON.       Chaplain D.  MCLAREN. 

Surgeon DAVID  HARLAN.  Commissary RICHARD  SWANN. 

Passed  Asst.  Surgeon.  .LUTHER  M.  LYON.  Asst.  Librarian JOHN  J.  GRAFF. 

"        .  .F.  M.  DEARBORNS.  Secretary RICHARD  M.  CHASE. 

Asst.  Surgeon ALFRED  GRIFFITH.  First  Clerk  to  Supt. . .  .JAMES  P.  MARRON. 

er JOHN  S.  GULICK.  Gunner JAMES  HUTCHINSOK- 


REGULATIONS  GOVERNING  ADMISSION  INTO  THE  NAVAL  ACADEMY. 

I.  The  number  of  midshipmen  allowed  at  the  Academy  is  one  for  every  member  and  delegate 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  one  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  ten  appointed  annually  at 
large,  and  ten  selected  each  year  from  boys  enlisted  in  the  navy  who  have  been  at  least  one 
year  in  the  service  on  board  a  naval  vessel. 

II.  The  nomination  of  candidates  for  admission  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  from  the 
enlisted  boys,  and  at  large,  is  made  by  the  President.    The  nomination  of  a  candidate  from 
any  Congressional  district  or  Territory  is  made  on  the  recommendation  of  the  member  or  dele 
gate,  from  actual  residents  of  his  district  or  Territory. 

III.  Each  year,  as  soon  after  the  fifth  of  March  as  possible,  members  and  delegates  will  be 
notified,  in  writing,  of  vacancies  that  may  exist  in  their  districts.    If  such  members  or  dele 
gates  neglect  to  recommend  candidates  by  the  first  of  July  in  that  year,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  is  required  by  law  to  fill  the  vacancies  existing  in  districts  actually  represented  in  Congress. 

IV.  The  nomination  of  candidates  is  made  annually,  between  the  fifth  of  March  and  the 
first  of  July.    Candidates  who  are  nominated  in  time  to  enable  them  to  reach  the  Academy 
between  the  twentieth  and  thirtieth  of  June,  will  receive  permission  to  present  themselves  at 
that  time  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Academy  for  examination  as  to  their  qualifications 
for  admission.    Those  who  are  nominated  prior  to  July  1st,  but  not  in  time  to  attend  the 
June  examination,  will  be  examined  between  the  twentieth  and  thirtieth  of  September  follow 
ing:  and  should  any  candidate  fail  to  report,  or  be  found  physically  or  mentally  disqualified  for 
admission  in  Julie,  the  member  or  delegate  from  whose  district  he  was  nominated  will  be  no 
tified  to  recommend  another  candidate,  who  shall  be  examined  between  the  twentieth  and 
thirtieth  of  September  following. 

V.  No  candidate  will  be  admitted  into  the  naval  academy  unless  he  shall  have  passed  a  satis 
factory  examination  before  the  Academic  Board,  and  is  found  (in  the  opinion  of  a  medical 
board,  to  be  composed  of  the  Surgeon  of  the  Naval  Academy  and  two  other  medical  officers 
designated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy)  physically  sound,  well  formed,  and  of  robust  consti 
tution,  and  qualified  to  endure  the  arduous  labors  of  an  officer  in  the  navy. 

VL.  Candidates  for  appointment  as  midshipmen  must  be  between  fourteen  and  eighteen 
years  of  age  when  examined  for  admission.  All  candidates  for  admission  will  be  required  to 
certify,  on  honor,  to  their  precise  age,  to  the  Academic  Board,  previous  to  examination,  and 
none  will  be  examined  who  are  over  or  under  the  prescribed  age.  They  must  be  of  good  moral 
character,  satisfactory  testimonials  of  which,  from  persons  of  good  repute  in  the  neighborhood 
of  their  respective  residences,  must  be  presented ;  and  testimonials  from  clergymen,  instruc 
tors  in  colleges  and  high  schools,  will  have  special  weight.  They  must  also  pass  a  satisfactory 
examination  before  the  Academic  Board  in  reading,  writing,  spelling,  arithmetic,  geography, 
and  English  grammar,  viz :  in  Reading,  they  must  read  clearly  and  intelligibly  from  any  English 
narrative  work — as,  for  example,  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States;  in  Writing  and  Spell 
ing,  they  must  write  from  dictation,  in  a  legible  hand,  and  spell  with  correctness  both  orally 
and  in  writing;  in  Arithmetic,  they  will  be  examined  in  numeration  and  the  addition,  subtrac 
tion,  multiplication,  and  division  of  whole  numbers  and  vulgar  and  decimal  fractions,  and  in 
proportion,  or  the  rule  of  three  ;  in  Geography,  they  will  be  examined  as  to  the  leading  grand 
divisions — the  continents,  oceans,  and  seas,  the  chief  mountains  and  rivers,  and  the  boundaries 
and  population  of  the  chief  nations,  their  government,  capitals,  and  chief  cities ;  in  English 
Grammar,  they  will  be  examined  as  to  the  parts  of  speech  and  the  elementary  construction  of 


1869.]  NAVAL  ACADEMY.  131 

sentences,  and  will  be  required  to  write  an  original  paragraph  of  a  few  sentences.  The  Board 
will  judge  whether  the  proficiency  of  the  candidate  in  these  branches  is  sufficient  to  qualify 
him  to  enter  upon  the  studies  of  the  Academy. 

********* 

Attention  will  also  be  paid  to  the  stature  of  the  candidate ;  and  no  one  manifestly  under 
sized  for  his  age  will  be  received  into  the  Academy.  In  case  of  doubt  about  the  physical  con 
dition  of  the  candidate,  any  marked  deviation  from  the  usual  standard  of  height  will  add  mate 
rially  to  the  consideration  for  rejection*. 

The  Board  will  exercise  a  proper  discretion  in  the  application  of  the  above  conditions  to 
each  case  ;  rejecting  no  candidate  who  is  likely  to  be  efficient  in  the  service,  and  admitting  no 
one  who  is  likely  to  prove  physically  inefficient. 

VII.  If  both  of  these  examinations  result  favorably,  the  candidate  will  receive  an  appoint 
ment  as  a  midshipman,  become  an  inmate  of  the  Academy,  and  be  allowed  his  actual  and  nec 
essary  traveling  expenses  from  his  residence  to  the  Naval  Academy,  and  be  required  to  sign 
articles  by  which  he  will  bind  himself  to  serve  in  the  United  States  Navy  eight  years,  (includ 
ing  his  term  of  probation  at  the  Naval  Academy),  unless  sooner  discharged.    If,  on  the  con 
trary,  he  shall  not  pass  both  of  these  examinations,  he  will  receive  neither  an  appointment  nor 
his  traveling  expenses,  nor  can  he  by  law  have  the  privilege  of  another  examination  for  admis 
sion  to  the  same  class  unless  recommended  by  the  board  of  examiners. 

********* 

VIII.  Each  midshipman  must,  on  admission,  deposit  with  the  paymaster  the  sum  of  one 
hundred  dollars,  for  which  he  will  be  credited  on  the  books  of  that  officer,  to  be  expended  by 
direction  of  the  Superintendent  for  the  purchase  of  text-books  and  other  authorized  articles. 

IX.  A  midshipman  found  deficient  at  any  examination  cannot,  by  law,  be  continued  at  the 
Academy  or  in  the  service,  unless  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Academic  Board. 

X.  A  midshipman  who  voluntarily  resigns  his  appointment  within  a  year  of  the  time  of  his 
admission  to  the  Academy  will  be   required  to  refund  the  amount  paid  him  for  traveling 
expenses. 

XI.  A  midshipman  may  be  advanced  to  any  class  which  he  may  be  found  qualified  to  join 
either  upon  his  admission  or  at  any  subsequent  examination  ;  and  he  may  be  graduated  at  any 
June  examination  at  which  he  shall  be  found  fully  qualified  to  pass  a  graduating  academic 
examination. 


REGULATIONS  ron  THE  APPOINTMENT  OP  CADET  ENGINEERS  IN  THE  NAVY. 

I.  In  pursuance  of  acts  of  Congress  of  July  4, 1864,  and  of  March  2, 1867,  applications  will 
be  received  by  the  Navy  Department  for  the  appointment  of  Cadet  Engineers. 

II.  The  application  is  to  be  addressed  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  can  be  made  by 
the  candidate  or  by  any  person  for  him,  and  his  name  will  be  placed  on  the  register.    The 
registry  of  a  name,  however,  gives  no  assurance  of  an  appointment,  and  no  preference  will  be 
given  in  the  selection  to  priority  of  application. 

III.  The  number  of  Cadet  Engineers  is  limited  by  law  to  fifty.    The  candidate  must  be  not 
less  than  eighteen  nor  more  than  twenty^two  years  of  age,  and  his  application  must  be  accom 
panied  by  satisfactory  evidence  of  moral  character  and  health,  with  information  regarding,  date 
of  birth  and  educational  advantages  hitherto  enjoyed.    Candidates  who  receive  permission  will 
present  themselves  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Academy  between  the  20th  and  30th  of 
September,  for  examination  as  to  their  qualifications  for  admission. 

IV.  The  course  of  study  will  comprise  two  academic  years.    All  Cadets  who  graduate  will 
be  immediately  warranted  as  3d  -Assistant  Engineers  in  the  Navy.    The  pay  of  a  Cadet  is  the 
same  as  that  of  Midshipmen. 

V.  The  academic  examination  previous  to  appointment  will  be  on  the  following  subjects, 
namely:  Arithmetic;  the  candidate  will  be  examined  in  numeration  and  the  addition,  subtrac 
tion,  multiplication,  and  division  of  whole  numbers,  and  of  vulgar  and  decimal  fractions ;  in 
reduction  ;  in  proportion,  or  rule  of  three,  direct  and  inverse  ;  and  in  involution  and  the  ex 
traction  of  square  and  cube  roots.    Algebra.  (Bourdon) :  Geometry,  (Davies'  Legendre) ;  Rudi 
mentary  Natural  Philosophy :  Elements  of  Inorganic  Chemistry ;  English  Grammar  and  English 

*The  Medical  Board  of  1864  adopted  the  following  standard  for  the  height  of  candidates  ;  14 
years  of  age,  4  feet  10  inches ;  15  years,  5  feet ;  16  years,  5  feet  2  inches  ;  17  years,  5  feet  3  inches : 
18  years,  (nearly),  5  feet  4  inches  ;  the  candidates  to  be  of  proportionate  size,  especially  with 
regard  to  cerebral,  osseous,  and  muscular  development ;  the  youngest  to  weigh  not  less  than 
100  pounds,  and  the  oldest  not  less  than  120  pounds. 


13' 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


Composition;  History  of  the  United  States  ;  also,  a  brief  outline  of  Andent  and  Modern  History. 
The  candidate  will  also  be  required  to  exhibit  a  fair  degree  of  proficiency  in  pencil-sketching 
and  right-line  drawing,  and  he  must  be  able  to  describe  all  the  different  parts  of  ordinary  con 
densing  and  non-condensing  engines,  explain  their  uses  and  operation  ;  also,  the  ordinary  tools 
used  for  construction  purposes. 

***  *  *  *  *  *  * 

VI.  If  these  examinations  result  favorably,  the  candidate  will  receive  an  appointment  as  a 
Cadet  Engineer,  become  an  inmate  of  the  Academy,  and  be  allowed  his  actual  and  necessary 
traveling  expenses  from  his  residence  to  the  Naval  Academy,  and  be  required  to  sign  articles 
by  which  he  will  bind  himself  to  serve  in  the  United  States  Navy  six  years,  (including  his 
term  of  probation  at  the  Naval  Academy),  unless  sooner  discharged.    If,  on  the  contrary,  he 
shall  not  pass  both  of  these  examinations,  he  will  receive  neither  an  appointment  nor  his  trav 
eling  expenses,  nor  can  he  have  the  privilege  of  another  examination  for  admission  to  the  same 
class  unless  recommended  by  the  board  of  examiners. 

*****  #*** 

VII.  Each  Cadet  Engineer  must,  on  admission,  deposit  with  the  paymaster  the  sum  of 
Beventy-five  dollars,  for  which  he  will  be  credited  on  the  books  of  that  officer,  to  be  expended 
by  direction  of  the  Superintendent  for  the  purchase  of  text-books  and  other  authorized  articles. 

VIII.  While  at  the  Academy  the  Cadets  will  be  examined,  from  time  to  time,  according  to  the 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  Navy  Department ;  and  if  found  deficient  at  any  examination, 
or  dismissed  for  misconduct,  they  cannot,  by  law,  be  continued  in  the  Academy  or  naval  ser 
vice,  except  upon  rccommedation  of  the  Academic  Board. 

IX.  A  Cadet  Engineer  who  voluntarily  resigns  his  appointment  will  be  required  to  refund 
the  amount  paid  him  for  traveling  expenses. 


NAVY  LIST. 

[Corrected  at  Navy  Department,  October,  1868.] 

The  active  lists  of  line  officers  of  the  United  States  Navy  are  divided  into 
nine  grades,  taking  rank  according  to  the  date  of  their  commission  in  each 
grade,  as  follows : 


1.  Rear  Admirals  to  rank  with  Major  Generals. 

2.  Commodores  to  rank  with  Brigadier  Gen'ls. 

3.  Captains  to  rank  with  Colonels. 

4.  Commanders  to  rank  with  Lieutenant  Col's. 

5.  Lieut.  Commanders  to  rank  with  Majors. 


6.  Lieutenants  to  rank  with  Captains. 

7.  Masters  to  rank  with  First  Lieutenants. 

8.  Ensigns  to  rank  with  Second  Lieutenants. 

9.  Midshipmen. 


David  G.  Farragut. . 
David  D.  Porter. . . 


ADMIRAL. 
.New  York Commanding  European  Squadron. 


VICE  ADMIRAL. 
.District  Columbia Sup'erintendent  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis. 


L.  M.  Goldsborough. 

Chas.  H.Davis 

John  A.  Dahlgren . . . 
Sylvanus  W.  Godon. . 


James  F.  Schenck... 

John  Rodgers 

John  A.  Winslow.... 

Samuel  P.  Lee 

Jas.  P.  McKinstry... 
Oliver  S.  Glisson — 
Melancton  Smith  — 

Charles  S.Boggs 

Augustus  H.  Kilty.., 


REAR  ADMIRALS. 

.  D .  C.        William  Radford N.  J. 

.Mass.         Stephen  C.  Rowan Perm. 

.  D.  C.        Thomas  T.  Craven N.  Y. 

.Penn. 


.Ohio. 
.D.  C. 
.Mass. 
.D.  C. 
.Mich. 
.Ind. 
.N.  Y. 
.N.  J. 
.Md. 


Joseph  Lanman. . . . 
Thomas  Turner — 
Charles  H.  Poor. . . 


...Conn. 
..  .Penn. 
...Penn. 


COMMODORES. 
Henry  Walke                 N.  J. 

Simon  B.  Bissell  D.C. 

Thornton  A.  Jenkins.  .D.  C. 
John  B.  Marchancl  Penn. 
Wm.  Rogers  Taylor.  .  .R.  I. 
Benj.  F.  Sands  D.  C. 
Charles  Steedman  Penn. 
James  Alden  D.C. 

J.  R.  Goldsborough  .  .  .  .N.  J. 
Joseph  F.  Green  Me. 
Theodore  P.  Greene..  .Vt. 
A.  Ludlow  Case  N.Y. 
Alex.  M.  Pennock  N.  Y. 
John  L.  Worden  N.  Y. 

George  F.  Emmons. . . .  Vt. 


1869.] 


NAVAL  LIST. 


133 


Edward  Middleton.  .  .  .N.  Y. 
Gustavus  H.  Scott  Ind. 
David  McDougal           Cal. 

CAPTAINS. 
Melancton  B.  Woolsey  .N.  Y. 
Alexander  Murray  Penn. 
Edward  Donaldson  Md. 

John  J  Almy                 N.  Y. 

John  C.  Howell  N.  J. 

James  II.  Strong  N.  Y. 
James  M.  Frailey  Penn. 
Enoch  G.  Parrott  N.  H. 
William  Reynolds  Penn. 
Fabius  Stanly                Cal. 

Daniel  Ammen  Penn. 
Robert  H.  Wyman  D.  C. 
George  B.  Balch  D.  C. 
Foxhall  A.  Parker  Md. 
John  Guest    Penn. 

Wm.  II.Macomb  N.J. 
Wm  E  LeRoy               N  Y. 

Donald  Me  N.  Fairfax.  N.  J. 
John  M.  B.  Clitz  Mich  . 

Ro<*er  N  Stembel         Ohio. 

Andrew  Brysou  N.Y. 

J  R  M   Mullany           N  Y 

C  R  P  Rodders.           N.  J. 

J.  W.A.Nicholson.   ..N.Y. 

Napoleon  Collina           Ind. 

Thos.  G.  Corbin.   .        Penn. 

Reed  Werden         .        N.  Y. 

Louis  C.  Sartori        ...Penn. 

Stephen  D.  Trenckard..Penn. 
Richard  Renshaw  N.J. 

COMMANDERS. 
James  S.  Thornton  N.  H. 

J   B  CreMiton              R   I. 

Wm.  D.  Whitinf  Mass. 

Aaron  K.  Hughes  N.  Y. 

J.  C.  P.  DeKrafft  Del. 

Edmund  R.  Colhoun.  .  .Mo. 
Chas  H.Baldwin  N.Y. 
Robt  W  Shufeldt         Conn 

Oscar  C.  Badger  Penn. 
Thos.  C.  Harris  Peun. 
StephenB  Luce  D.C. 

Alex   C  Rhind              N  Y 

John  Lee  Davis  Ind. 

George  M.  Ransom  N.J. 
William  F.  Spicer  Mass. 
Somerville  Nicholson.  .D.  C. 
Wm.  E.  Hopkins  Va. 
Paul  Shirley  Penn. 

Alex.  A.  Semmes  Penn. 
Wm.  T.  Truxtun  Penn. 
Wm.  K.  Mayo  Conn. 
James  E.  Jouett  Md. 
T.  S.  Fillebrown  D.C. 

H.  N.  T.  Arnold  N.J. 

Edward  E.  Stone  Ga. 

Thos.  Pattison  N.Y. 

Walter  W.  Queen  N.Y. 

Wm   N  Jeffers              Md 

Ralph  Chandler      N.Y. 

Edward  Simpson  N.Y. 
Wm.  G.  Temple  Vt. 
Samuel  P  Carter           Tenn 

K.  Randolph  Breese.  .  .R.  I. 
Lewis  A.  Kimberly.  .  .  .111. 
George  H.  Morris  D.C. 

Thos.  S.Phelps  N.J. 

Daniel  L.  Braiue  N.Y. 

John  Madigan  Me. 

George  E.  Belkuap  N.H. 

Edward  Barrett             N  Y 

Edward  P.  Williams.  .  .Me. 

Homer  C.  Blake  N.Y. 

Clarke  II  Wells            Penn 

David  B.  Harmony  Penn. 
James  P  Foster            Ind. 

S.  P.  Quackenbush  .    N.  Y. 

John  Irwin  Penn. 

Earl  English  N.J. 
Joseph  M.  Bradford  ..  Ala. 

James  A.  Greer  Ohio. 
Elias  K.Owen  111. 

ReigartB.  Lowry  N.Y. 
Wm.  W.  Low  Mass. 

Aaron  W.  Weaver  D.C. 
James  H.  Gillis  .  ..      Penn. 

John  P.  Upshur  Va. 
Francis  A.  Roe  N.  Y. 

Wm.  E.  Fitzhugh  Ohio. 
Chas    H  Cushman.       Me. 

John  G.  Mitchell  Mass. 

LIEUTENANT  COMMANDERS. 
Joseph  N  Miller           Ohio. 

Richard  W,  Meade,  Jr..  Cal. 
Robert  Bovd,  Jr.  Me. 

John  S.  Barnes  N.  Y. 
Alfred  Hopkins.             N.Y. 

Chae.  C.  Carpenter  Mass. 
Wm.  A.  Kirkland  N.  C. 
Wm.  II  .  Dana                Ohio 

Montgomery  Sicard.  .  .N.  Y. 
Edmund  O.  Matthews.  Mo. 
Edward  P  Lull               Md 

Edward  E.  Potter  Mass. 
Lester  A.  Beardsley....  N.Y. 
Chas.  A.  Babcock  Mich. 
Thos.  O.  Selfridge  Mass. 

Alex.  F.  Crosman  Penn. 
Charles  S.Norton  N.Y. 
Robert  F.  Bradford  Mass. 
Robert  L.  Phythian  ....N.Y. 

Joseph  P.  Sanford 

Wm.  Ronckendorff . . . 
James  C.  Williamson. 

Albert  G.  Clary 

Henry  A.  Wise 

George  H.  Preble 

Thos.  II.  Stevens 

Thos.  H.  Patterson 

Edward  T.  Nichols 

Egbert  Thomson 

George  H.  Cooper 

C.  H.  B.  Caldwell 

Henry  K.  Davenport.. 
Napoleon  B.  Harrison 

John  C.  Febiger 

Pierce  Crosby 


.Mo. 

.Penn. 

.N.Y. 

.Mass. 
.D.C. 
.Me. 
.Penn. 
.D.C. 
.N.Y. 
.D.C. 
.N.Y. 
Mass. 
.D.C. 
.Penn. 
.Ohio. 
.Penn. 


Henry  A.  Adams,  Jr. . 

George  Brown 

James  W.  Shirk 

John  G.  Walker 

Francis  M.  Ramsay. . . 

Richard  L.  Law 

Samuel  R.  Franklin.. 
Edward  Y.  McCauley. 

Samuel  Magaw 

Jonathan  Young 

Edward  C.  Grafton... 

Milton  Haxtun 

John  H.  Russell 

Robt.  F.R.Lewis.... 
Andrew  W.  Johnson. 
Philip  C.Johnson.... 

John  Waiters 

S.  Livingston  Breese. 

Bancroft  Gherardi 

Henry  Wilson 

A.  E.  K.  Benham 

Josephs.  Skerrett.... 

Francis  H.  Baker 

Austin  Pendergrast. . . 

Joseph  P.  Fyffe 

Wm.  P.  McCann 

Oscar  F.  Stanton 

Bushrod  B.  Taylor.. . . 

Henry  Erben,  jr 

Edward  P.  McCrea... 


.Penn. 

.Ind. 

.Penn. 

.Iowa. 

.D.C. 

.Ind. 

.Penn. 

.Penn. 

.Penn. 

.111. 

.  Mass. 

.N.Y. 

.D.C. 

.D.C. 

.D.C. 

.Me. 

.Md. 

.N.Y. 

.Mass. 

.N.Y. 

.N.Y. 

.Ohio. 

.Va. 

-Ky. 

.Ohio. 

.Ky. 

.N.Y. 

.Ind. 

.N.Y. 

.Wis. 


Augustus  P.  Cooke. . 

LeRoy  Fitch 

Thomas  H.  Eastman.. 

Rush  R.Wallace 

Chester  Hatfield 

Chaa.  J.  McDougal . . . 
George  H.  Perkins... 

Weld  N.Allen 

Nathaniel  Green 

Francis  B.  Blake 


..N.Y. 

..Ind. 

..D.C. 

..Tenn. 

..N.Y. 

..Cal. 

.N.H. 

.Me. 

.Penn. 

. Penn. 


134 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.. 


LIEUTENANT  COMMANDERS. —  Continued. 


James  M.  Prichett  
Edward  Terry  

.Ind. 
.Conn. 

John  W  Phillip 

N.Y. 

Mortimer  L.  Johnson. 
Edwin  M.  Shepard  .  .  . 
Charles  McGregor  
Ira  Harris,  Jr. 

.Mass. 
.N.Y. 
.Ohio. 
N.Y. 

Henry  F.  Picking  
Frederick  Rodgers  
Francis  O.  Davenport. 
Horace  E.  Mullan  
John  Weidman  
John  F.  McGlensey.  .  . 
Edgar  C.  Mcrriman.  .  . 
Edwin  T.  Browcr  
John  11.  Rowland  
Frederick  R.  Smith... 
James  P.  Robertson.  . 
Chas.  L.  Huntington.. 
Rums  K.  Duer  
Louis  Kempff  

.Penn. 
.Md. 
.Mich. 
.Md. 
.Penn. 
.Penn. 
.N.Y. 
.Penn. 
.Ky. 
.Me. 
.Penn. 
.111. 
.N.J. 
.111. 

Francis  M.  Bunce  
Byron  Wilson 

.Conn. 
Ohio. 

Henry  B.  Seely  
Fred.  B.  McNuir  
Wm  B  Cushin"1 

.N.Y. 

.  Penn. 
N  Y. 

Douglas  R.  Cassel  
RobFey  D.Evans  
Geo.  W.  Coffin  
Henry  Glass  
Ernest  J.  Dichman  .  .  . 
Wm.  W.  Maclay  
Philip  II.  Cooper  
Henry  C.  Taylor  
Allan  D.  Brown  
Marston  Niles  

.Ohio. 
.D.C. 
.N.J. 
.111. 
.Wis. 
.N.Y. 
.N.Y. 
.Ohio. 
.Vt. 
.N.  J. 

Arthur  R  Yates 

N  Y. 

John  A.  Howell  

Allen  V  Reed 

.N.Y. 
N.Y. 

Vt. 

Chas.  L.  Franklin  
George  B.  White  
Henry  L.  Howison  — 
Albert  Kautz 

.  Ohio. 
.  Penn. 
.Ind. 
Ohio. 

George  H.  Wadloigh.. 
A.  S.Crowningshield. 
Chas.  II.  Craven  
Frank  Wildes  
Wm.  W.  Hendrickson 
Augustus  G.  Kellogg. 
Joseph  B.  Coghlan  .  .  . 
James  H.  Sands  
Yates  Stirling  
Wm.  C.  Wise  
Lewis  Clark..  
P.  F.  Harrington  
Wm.  B.  Hoff 

.N.H. 
.N.Y. 

.Me. 
.Mass. 
.  Ohio. 
.111. 
.111. 
.Md. 
.Md. 
.Ky. 
.Conn. 
.Del. 
.Penn. 
.N.Y. 
N  Y. 

Alfred  T  Mahan 

.N.Y. 

Iowa. 

Smith  W.Nichols.... 
Arch'd  N.Mitchell... 
Francis  J.  Higginson. 
John  McFarland  

.  Mass. 
.111. 
.Mass. 
.Pemi. 

George  C  Reiney 

Norman  II.  Farquhar. 
Samuel  D  Green 

.Penn. 
R.  I. 

Theodore  F.  Kane  N.Y. 
Beatty  P.  Smith  N.  Y. 
C.  M.  Schoonmaker  N.Y. 
U.S.  McCook  Ohio. 
Gilbert  C.  Wiltse  N.  Y. 
M.  S.  Stuyvesant  Ohio. 
Joseph  D.  Marvin  Ohio. 
James  O'Kane  Ind. 
Simeon  P.  Gillett  Ind. 
Thos.  L.  Swann  Md. 
Sullivan  D.  Ames  R.  I. 
J.  Crittendcn  Watson..  Ky. 
Henry  B.  Robeson  Conn. 
Antoine  R.  McNair  Mo. 
Francis  S  Brawn           N  Y 

Geo.  W.  Sumner  

.Ky. 

Benj.F.  Day  
Stephen  A.  McCarty.. 
Henry  C.  Tallman  
James  D.  Graham  
Wm.  R.  Bridgman.... 
Alex.  II.  McCormick.  . 
Henry  L.  Johnson  
Albert  S.  Barker  
Morton  W.  Sanders.  .  . 
Chas.  S.  Cotton  
Chas.  F.Blake  
John  R.  Bartlett  
Oliver  A.  Batchellcr.. 
Silas  W  Terry 

.Ohio. 
.N.Y. 
.N.Y. 

.111. 
.  Iowa. 
.D.C. 
.Vt, 
.Mass. 
.Cal. 
.Wis. 
.Mass. 
.R.I. 
.N.Y. 

Kv 

Wm.  K.  Wheeler  
Win.  S.  Dana. 

Nicoll  Ludlow. 

N  Y. 

Francis  A.  Cook  
Colby  M.  Chester  
Arthur  H.Wright.... 
Charles  E  Clark 

.  Mass. 
.  Conn. 
.Ohio. 

Vt 

Henry  D.  II.  Manlcy. 
Wm.  Whitehead  
Edward  A.  Walker.  .  . 
WinfieldS.  Schley.... 
Silas  Casey,  Jr  

.Penn. 
.Penn. 
.Mass. 
.Md. 
.N.Y. 

Merrill  Miller  Ohio. 
Frederick  J.  Nailc  Penn. 
Frederick  Pearson  Penn. 
Edward  N.  Kellogg....  111. 
Richard  S.  Chew  D.  C. 
John  J.  Read  N.  J. 
Walter  Abbot  R.I. 
Edwin  T.  Woodward.  .Vt. 
Henry  B.  Rumsey  Ind. 
George  W.  Wood  Penn. 
Chas.  W.  Tracy  Penn. 
Gouverneur  K.  Haswell.N.  Y. 
Edward  E.  Preble  Me. 
LIEUTENANTS. 
Theodore  F.  Jewell  .  .  .D.  C. 
Chas.  F.  Schmitz  Ind. 
Geo.  W.  Armentrout..Ind. 
David  C.  Woodrow  Ohio. 
Henry  C.  White  N.Y. 
Edward  M.  Stedman...Mass. 
John  C.  Kennett  Mo. 
William  M.  Folger  .  .  .  .Ohio. 
Horace  Elmer                 N.  J 

Charles  J.  Barclay  
Charles  V.  Gridley.  .  .  . 
Francis  Morris  
Charles  D.  Sigsby.... 
Richard  D.  Leary  
Wm.  A.  Van  Vleck.  .  . 
Chas.  H.  Pendleton... 
Wm.  H.  Whitin^ 

.Penn. 
.Mich. 
.N.Y. 
.N.Y. 
.Md. 
.N.Y. 
.Va. 
N  Y 

Wm.  T.  Sampson  
Alfred  T  Snell 

.N.Y. 

Mass 

Wm  F  Stewart 

Penn 

George  P.  Ryan  
George  M.  Bache  
Bartlett  J.  Cromwell., 
Geo.  W.  Hay  ward  
Chas   E  McKay 

.Mass. 
.Penn. 
,.Neb. 
.Wis. 
N  Y. 

Geo.  M.  McClure  
Dennis  W.  Mullan.... 
George  T.  Davis  
Geo.  D.  B.  Glidden... 

Francis  W.  Dickins.  .  . 
George  F.  F.  Wilde.  .  . 
Charles  II.  Davis.  Jr.  . 
Charles  J.  Train  
George  N.  Fbigg  
Edwin  White  
Oscar  F.  Heyerman.  .  . 
Herman  C.  Raebell... 
George  W.  Pigman.  .  . 
Samuel  L.  Wilson  
Gustavus  V.  Menzies. 

.Penn. 
.Md. 

.Mass. 
.Me. 

.Conn 
.Mass. 
.Mass. 
.Mass. 
.Vt. 
.Ohio 
.Mich 
.Ohio. 
.Ind. 
.Ohio 
.Ky. 

N  Mayo  Dver  

.Mass. 
.N.  H. 
.R.I. 

Francis  M.  Greene  .  .  . 
Edward  Hooker  

Henry  H.  Gorringe... 
Alon/o  W.  Muldaur.. 
Charles  O'Neil  
Caspar  F.  Goodrich.  .  . 
Albert  G.  Caldwell  .  .  . 
Chas.  W.  Kencdy  
Bowman  H.  McCalla.. 
French  E.  Chadwick.  . 
Samuel  H.  Baker  

.N.Y. 
.N.Y. 
.Mass. 
.Penn. 
.Ind. 
.N.Y. 
.N.  J. 
.Va. 
.Md. 

Benj.  P.  Lamberton  .. 
John  Schouler  

.Penn. 

.  Mass. 

1869.] 


RETIRED  LIST. 


135 


Charles  Stuart  
Wm.  B.  Shubrick.  .  .  . 
Joseph  Smith  
Silas  H.  Stringham.  , 
Samuel  L.  Breese  — 
Hiram  Paulding  

...N.J. 
...D.C. 
...D.C. 
..N.Y. 
,  ..Penn. 
..N.Y. 

RETIRED   Lis 
REAR  ADMIRAL; 
Thos.  Crabbe  
J.  B.  Montgomery  — 
Cornelius  K.  Striblinj 
Joshua  R.  Sands  
Chas.  H.  Bell  

COMMODORES. 

James  Glynn  
Robert  Ritchie  
Chas.  Lowndes  
John  Marston  

T. 

3. 

.N.J. 
.D.C. 
;.Pcnn. 
.  .Conn. 
.N.  Y. 

.Conn. 
.  Penn. 
.Md. 
.Pcnn. 
.Mass. 

Charles  Wilkes  
Theodoras  Bailey  .  .  . 
James  L.  Lardner  .  .-. 
Henry  K.  Thatcher.. 
Henry  K.  Hoff 

..D.C. 
..N.Y. 

.  .  Penn. 
..Me. 
Penn 

John  Colhoun  

.  .  Penn. 

Lawrence  Kcarny  *.  , 
Wm  D   Saltnr 

...N.  J. 

N   J 

Wm.  Smith  
Jonathan  W.  Swift.  . 
James  M.  Watson.  .  . 
John  W.  Livingston. 
Junius  J.  Boyle  
Peter  Turner  
Benj.  J.  Totten  
R.B.Hitchcock  
Timothy  A.  Hunt  .  .  . 
John  M.  Berrien  
John  C.  Carter 

..Mo. 
..N.Y. 

..Cal. 
..N.Y. 
..D.C. 
..R.I. 
..N.Y. 
..Conn. 
.  .Conn. 
..N.  J. 
N  Y 

Chas.  S.McCauley... 
JohnH.Aulick  
William  K.  Latimer, 
Charles  Boarman  — 
Wm.  Jamcsson  
John  II  Graham 

..D.C. 
..D.C. 
..Md. 
.  .Va. 
...Va. 
N  Y 

Henry  Bruce  

Henry  A.  Adams  
John  Pope 

.  Penn. 

Mass. 

Levin  M.  Powell 

D  C. 

William  In  man  , 
Stephen  Champlin... 
John  J.  Young  
Frank  Ellery  
Joseph  R  Jarvis 

,  ..Penn. 
..Conn. 
..N.Y. 
..R.I. 

Til. 

Thos.  O.  Selfridge.... 
Henry  Ea^le 

.Mass. 
N  Y. 

Wm.  M.  Glendy  
Geo.  S.  Blake 

.Md. 
Mass. 

Oscar  Bullus  
Chas.  H.  Jackson  
Andrew  A.  Harwood. 
Hugh  Y.  Purviance... 
Francis  B.  Ellison  
T.  D.  Shaw. 

.N.Y. 
.Conn. 
.Md. 
.Md. 
.N.Y. 
Penn. 

John  P.  Gillis 

Del 

Wm.  C.  Nicholson  Md. 
Edward  W.  Carpender.N.  Y. 
Joseph  B.  Hull  Conn. 

John  J.  Glasson  

..N.Y. 

Edward  R.  Thomson 
Robert  Handy  
Charles  Green 

.  .Penn. 

..Mass. 
Conn 

John  S  Chauncey 

N  Y 

Win  II  Gardner 

Pcnn. 

Cicero  Price. 

N  Y 

T.  A.  Doruin  

.  .Md. 

Samuel  Lockwood... 

CAPTAINS. 

Dominick  Lynch  
Chas.  Thomas  
Aug.  S.  Baldwin  
Wm.  B.  Whiting  
Chas.  Hunter  

.Mass. 

.N.Y. 
.Md. 

.N.  J. 
.N.Y. 
.R.I. 
.N.Y. 
.Mass. 
.Md. 
.N.  J. 
.N.  II. 
Vt. 

G.  M.  Colvocoresses. 
Francis  S.  Ilaggerty. 
Thos.  Brownell  
Matthias  C.  Marin... 
Geo.  W.  Doty 

..Vt. 
..Penn. 
..N.Y. 
..R.I. 

N  Y 

Richard  AV.Meade... 
Alex.  Gibson  
John  DeCanip  
Chas.  W.  Pickering.. 
Overtoil  Carr  
Benj.  M.  Dove  
Bernard  J.  Moeller.  . 
Roger  Perry  
Geo.  M.  White  
Stephen  Decatur  
Edward  C.  Bowers.. 

Henry  Rolando 

..D.C. 
..N.Y. 
..N.J. 
..N.H. 
..  .Penn. 
..D.C. 
..N.Y. 
..Md. 
..Ga. 
..N.H. 
..N.Y. 

Md. 

Thos.  M.  Brasher  
Samuel  R.  Knox  
Edmund  Lanier  
Jas.  F.  Armstrong  — 
Wm.  A.  Parker  
Francis  Lowry  .     .   . 

Samuel  Pearce 

R  I 

A.  Davis  Harrell. 

Tenn 

Robert  B.  Riell 

D  C. 

Matthew  C.  Perry... 
Chas.  S.  McDonough 

Wm.  C.  West  
Francis  G.  Dallas.... 
Nathaniel  T.  West... 
Wm.  M.  Gamble  
Edmund  W.  Henry.  . 

Geo.  F.  Morrison  

..N.Y. 

.  .  Conn. 

..N.Y. 

.  .Mass. 
..Mass. 
..N.Y. 
..N.Y. 

..Ohio. 

COMMANDERS. 

Geo.  A.  Stevens  
Wm.  P.  Buckner  
Wm.  Mitchell  

.  Tenn. 
.Md. 
.D.C. 

Nathaniel  C.  Bryant. 
JohnF.  Abbott  
Bayse  N.  Westcott.. 
Andrew  J.Drake  
John  C.  Beaumont.  .  . 

Trevett  Abbott      .   . 

..Me. 
.  .Penn. 
..N.  J. 
..N.  J. 
..Penn. 

..Mass. 

Wm.  Gibson  
Greenleaf  Cilley  

.Penn. 
.Me. 

LIEUTENANT  COMMANDERS. 
Chas.  E.  Hawley  N.  Y. 

J.  N.  Quackenbush.  . 

..Mass. 

*  Died,  November  29, 1868. 


136  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

MARINE   CORPS. 
Brig,  General  and  Commandant..  JACOB  ZEILIN,  D.  C. 

GENERAL  STAFF. 

Quartermaster WM.  B.  SLACK,  D.  C. 

Adjutant  and  Inspector AUG.  S.  NICHOLSON,  D.  C. 

Paymaster JOHN  C.  CASH,  D.  C. 

Asst.  Quartermasters W.  A.  T.  MADDOX,  Mel. ;  JAS.  WILEY,  Ind. 

Colonel MATTHEW  R.  KINTZING,  Pcnn. 

Lieutenant  Colonels JAMES  II.  JONES,  Del. ;  CHAS.  G.  MCCAULET,  La. 

Majors THOS.  Y.  FIELD,  Penn. ;  GEORGE  R.  GRAHAM,  D.  C.;  JOHN 

L.  BROOME,  N.  Y. ;  DAVID  M.  COHEN,  Mel. 

Captains JAMES  LEWIS,  Pcnn. ;  CLEMENT  D.  HEBB,  Cal. ;  PHILIP  R. 

FENDALL,  Jr.,  D.  C. ;  JOHN  SCHERMERHORN,  Incl. ;  CHARLES  EEYWOOD,  D.  C. ;  LUCIEN 
L.  DAWSON,  Texas ;  GEORGE  BUTLER,  Ark.;  GEO.  W.  COLLIER,  Mel.;  GEO.  P.  HOUS 
TON,  Penn. ;  JAMES  FORNEY,  Penn. ;  McLANE  TILTON,  Md. ;  JOHN  H.HIGBEE,  N.  Y. ; 
FRANK  MUNROE,  D.C.;  R.  W.  HUNTINGTON,  Conn.;  JOSEPH  F.  BAKER,  111.;  WM.  IL 
PARKER,  Wis.;  JOHN  H.  GRIMES,  Iowa;  WM.  J.  SQUIRES,  N.  Y. ;  HENRY  A.  BAKT- 
LETT,  R.  I. ;  CHAS.  A.  STILLMAN,  Conn. 

NAVAL  CONSTRUCTORS. 

John  Lenthall D.C.         Isaiah  Hanscom Cal.  Thos.  Davidson,  Jr Penn. 

Benj.  F.Delano N.H.        Edward  Hartt N.  Y.         Thos.  E.  Webb....  ....N.Y. 

RESIGNATIONS,  DEATHS  AND  DISMISSALS. 

RESIGNATIONS. 

Lieutenant  Commander  George  A.  Bigelow.      Lieutenant  Commander  William  H.  Barton. 
"  "  Thomas  S.  Spencer. 

DEATHS. 

Rear  Admiral Cadwalader  Ringgold.         Captain John  P.  Bankhead. 

"          "         George  F.  Pearson.  Commander Samuel  Swartwout. 

"          "         JohnD.  Sloat.  "         John  J.  Cornwell. 

"          "         James  S.  Palmer.  "         Leonard  Paulding. 

"          "         Henry  H.  Bell.  "         George  W.  Young. 

"          "         Frederick  Engle.  -Lieutenant  Commander.. James  G.  Maxwell. 

Commodore John  Rueld.  "  A.  S.  Mackenzie. 

Captain Samuel  F.  Hazard.  Charles  E.  Fleming. 

"       Henry  French. 

Marine  Corps. 
Captain William  H.  Hale.  Captain Jehu  A.  Burroughs. 

DISMISSALS. 
Lieut.  Com'r Chas.  H.  Greene,(wholly retired.)    Lieutenant  Commander.  .James  Stillwell. 

LIST  OF  VESSELS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

Rates  (old  tonnage)  established  July  1,  1807.  First  Rates.— Vessels  of  2.400  tons  and  up 
wards.  Second  Nates.— Vessels  of  1,200  to  2,400  tons.  Third  Bates.— Vessels  of  600  to  1,200 
tons.  Fourth  Rates. — Vessels  under  600  tons  :  i.e.,  iron  clad  ;  sc.,  screw ;  p.  w.,  paddle  wheel; 
Bh.,  ship ;  eh.  L,  ship-of-line ;  si.,  sloop ;  fr.,  frigate ;  y.,  yacht ;  s.  s.,  store  ship ;  t.  b.,  torpedo 
boat. 

Name.  Rate.     Class.       Guns.      Tonnage.  Name.  Bate.      Class.      Guns.      Tonnage. 

Agamenticus 2 i.  c 4 1,564.       Antietam 1 sc 23 3,177. 

Alaska 2....sc 10. ...1,740.       Aroostook 4....sc 5....    507. 

Algoma 2....SC 10. ...1,740.       Ascutney 3....p.w...  2....    974. 

Algonquin 3.  ...p.  W...10....    974.        Ashuelot 3.  ...p.  w...  10....  1,030. 

Alleghany 3....sh 6....    989.       Atlanta 3. ...i.e....  4. ...1,006. 

America 4 y 3 100.       Augusta 2 p.w...  9 1,310. 

Ammonoosuc 1  —  sc 15 3,213.       Blue  Light 4 sc 0 103. 


1869.] 


LIST  OF  NAVY  VESSELS. 


137 


Name.  Rate.      Clasa.        Guns.        Tonnage. 

Brooklyn 2  . .  .sc 20. . .  .2,070. 

Buckthorn 4....BC 0....    128. 

Camanche 3u...i. c 2 844. 

Canandaigua 2 sc 7. .  .,  1,395. 

Canonicus 3.... i.e....  2.... 1,034. 

Casco 3.... i.e....  1....    773. 

Catalpa 4....sc 3....    191. 

Catskill 3.... i.e....  2....    844. 

Chattanooga 1 . . .  .sc 15. . .  .3,233. 

Chenango 3. . .  .p.  w..  .10. . . .    974. 

Chickasaw 3.... i.e....  4....    970. 

Chimo 3.... i.e....  1....    773. 

Clinton 4....EC 0....      60. 

Cohasset 4....6C 2....    100. 

Cohoes 3. ...i.e....  2....    773. 

Colorado 1. . .  .sc 44. . .  .3,425. 

Constellation 2. ...  el 10. ...  1,425. 

Constitution 2. . .  .fr 17. . . .1,607. 

Contoocook 2. . .  .sc 13. . .  .2,348. 

Cyane 8....B.B....18....    972. 

Dacotah 3....sc 7....    996. 

Dale: 4.... si 8....    566. 

Dictator 1 ....  i.  c ....  2. ... 3,033. 

Emerald 4....ec 0....      50. 

Btlah 3.... i.e....  2....    773. 

Florida 2. . .  .p.  w. . .  5. . .  .1,261. 

Fortune 4....BC 2....    350. 

Franklin 1 . . . .  ec 39 ....  3,684. 

'Frolic 3 p.w...  5 880. 

Galena 3 ec 8 738. 

Gettysburg 3 p.w...  9 726. 

Glance 4 sc 0 80. 

Glasgow 4 p.w...  2 252. 

Guard 3....8.S....  3.... 1,046. 

Guerriere 1 . . . .  ec 31 ...  .3,177. 

Hartford 2. . .  .sc 21 ...  .1,900. 

Hornet 3. ...p.w...  8....    820. 

Huron 4....sc 6....    507. 

Idaho 1 ....  8 .  s ....  7 ....  2,638. 

Illinois 1 . . . . sc 23. ... 3,177. 

Independence 2 fr 22 2,257. 

Iroquois 3. . . . sc 6. ...  1,016. 

Jamestown 3  —  s.s....  1 —    985. 

Java 1 . . . . ec 23. ... 3,177. 

Jean  Sandb 4 ec 0 139. 

Juniata 2 sc 6 1,240. 

Kalamazoo 1 i.  c —  4 3,200. 

Kansas 4 ec 8 593. 

Kearsarge 3 sc 7 1,031. 

Kenosha 2 sc 10 1,740. 

Kewaydin 1 sc 23 3,177. 

Kickapoo 3 i.e....  8 970. 

Klamath 3 i.  c —  2 773. 

Koka 3.... i.e....  2....    773. 

Lackawanna 2 sc 7 1,533. 

Lancaster 2. . . .sc 28. . .  .2,362. 

Lehigh 3. ...i.e....  2....    844. 

Leyden 4....8C 2....    350. 

Macedonian 2. . .  .si 16. . .  .1,341. 

Madawaska 1. . .  .BC 15. . .  .3,281. 


Name.  Rate.       Class.    Guns.      Tonnage. 

Mahaska 3 p.  \v..  .10 832. 

Mahopac 3 i.  c....  2 1,034. 

Manayunk 3 i.  c....  2 1,034. 

Manhattan 3 i.  c....  2 1,034. 

Manitou 2 sc IS 2,348. 

Maria 4....sc 2....    170. 

Marietta 4 i.e....  2 479. 

Marion 4 el 11 566. 

Maumee 4 ec 8 593. 

Mayflower 4 ec 2 350. 

Memphis 3 sc 3 791. 

Mercury 4 p.w...  2 187. 

Metacomet 3 p.w... 10 S74. 

Miantonomoh 2 i.  c....  4 1,564. 

Michigan 4 p.w...  8 582. 

Mignonnette 4 p.w...  0 50. 

Minnesota 1 sc 43 3,307. 

Minuetonka 1 S3 23 3,177 

Modoc 3 i.  c 1 773. 

Mohican 3 sc 7 994. 

Mohongo 3 p.  w. .  .10 1,030. 

Monaduock 2 i.e....  4 564. 

Monocacy 3 p.  w. . .  10 1,030. 

Monongahela 2 sc 7 1,378. 

Moiitauk 3. ...i.e....  2....    844. 

Monterey 4 sc 1 87. 

Mosholu 2. . .  .sc 13. . .  .2,348. 

Muscoota 3 p.  w..  .10 1,030. 

Nahant 3. ...i.e....  2....    844. 

Nantasket 3 sc 10 900. 

Nantucket 3 i.e....  2 844. 

Napa 3.... i.e....  1....    773. 

Narragansett 3 sc 3 809. 

Naubuc 3. ...i.e....  1....    773. 

Nausett.. 3 i.e....  2 773. 

Neosho 4 i.e....  2 523. 

Neshaminy 1....8C 15.... 3,213. 

New  Hampshire 1 sh.  1...15 2,633. 

New  Orleans 1.  ...sh.  1...—. ..  .2,805. 

Niagara 1. . .  .sc 13. . .  .4,582. 

Nina 4 sc 2 350. 

Nipsic 4 sc 6 593. 

Nyack 4....SC 6....    593. 

Ohio l....sh.l...  16....  2,757. 

Omaha 2. . .  .sc 10. ..  .1,740. 

Oneida 3 ec 8 1,032. 

Ontario 1 sc 23 3,177. 

Onward 3 sh 3 874. 

Ossipee 2 sc 6 1,240. 

Palos 4 sc 0 .350. 

Paseaconaway 1 i.  c....  4 3,200. 

Passaic 3. ...i.e....  2....    844. 

Pawnee 2. . .  .sc 11. . .  .1,289. 

Penobscot 4 sc 9 507. 

Pencacola 2 sc 20 2,158. 

Periwinkle 4....sc 2....    387. 

Pequot 4. . . .  sc 10. ...    593. 

Phlox 4.... p.w...  2....    317. 

Pilgrim 4....SC 2....    170. 

Pinta...  ...4....8C 2....    350. 


138 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


Name. 

Bate. 

Class. 

Guns. 

Tonnage. 

Name. 

Bate. 

Class. 

Guns. 

Tonnage. 

Piscataqua  , 

1.. 

.  .  PC.  .  . 

23 

..3,177. 

Speedwell  

4.. 

.  .SC..  . 

9 

...    350. 

PompanooBuc  

....!.. 

.  .8C... 

..19... 

.3,713. 

Squando  

3 

.  .i.  c.. 

2 

...    773. 

Port-fire  

....4.. 

.  .  sc.  .  . 

..  0.., 

.  .    103. 

Standish  

....4.. 

.  .sc..  . 

9, 

,  .  .    350. 

Portsmouth  

3.. 

..si... 

..  9.. 

..1,022. 

St.  Lawrence  , 

2.  . 

..fr... 

..10. 

...1,726. 

Potomac  

2 

..fr... 

..23.. 

..1,726. 

St.  Louis  

3.. 

..si... 

17 

...    700. 

Powhatan  

1.. 

..p.w. 

.  .17.  .  , 

..2,415. 

St.  Mary's  

3.. 

.  .8.  S.. 

22 

...    985. 

Primrose  

4.. 

..p.w. 

..  2.. 

..      94. 

Spuyten  Duy  vil  .  .  . 

....4.. 

..t.  b.. 

..  0. 

...    110. 

Puritan  

1.. 

..i.  c.. 

..  2.. 

..3,205. 

Suncook  

3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  2. 

...    773. 

Pushmataha  

o 

.  .sc..  . 

..13.. 

..2,348. 

Supply  

4.. 

.  .s.  s.. 

6 

...    547. 

Purveyor  

3.. 

.  .8.  S.. 

..  1... 

..    888. 

Susquehanna  

....!.. 

..p.w. 

..14. 

...2,450. 

Quinnebaug  

....3.. 

.  .SC... 

..  6... 

,.    831. 

Suwanee  

3.. 

..p.w. 

..10. 

...1,030. 

Qninsigamond  

....!.. 

..i.e.. 

..  4... 

,.3,299. 

Swatara  

3.. 

..sc... 

..10. 

...    831. 

Relief  

4.. 

..S.S.. 

..  3.. 

..    408. 

Tallapoosa  

....3.. 

..p.w. 

..10. 

...    974. 

Resaca  

....3.. 

.  .sc... 

..  8... 

,.    900. 

Ticondcroga  , 

2.. 

.  .sc... 

..   9. 

...1,533. 

Rescue.  

..  ..4.. 

.  .sc... 

3 

.    111. 

Tippecanoc  

3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  2. 

...1,034. 

Richmond  

2.. 

.  .sc... 

..15... 

.1,929. 

Tonawandah  

....2.. 

..i.e.. 

..  4. 

...1,564. 

Roanoke  

1.. 

..i.e.. 

6 

,.3,435. 

Triana  

4.. 

.  .sc... 

..  2. 

...    350. 

Rocket  

4.. 

.  .sc... 

0 

,.    127. 

Tunxis  

....3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  1. 

...    773. 

Rose  

4.. 

.  .sc... 

..  0... 

.      96. 

Tuscarora  

3.. 

.  .sc... 

..10. 

.  .  .    997. 

Sabine  

....2.. 

..fr... 

,.34... 

.1,726. 

Umpqua  

....3.. 

.  .i.  c.. 

..  2. 

.  .  .    773. 

Saco  

4.. 

.  .sc..  . 

..10.., 

..    593. 

Unadilla  

....4.. 

.  .sc... 

..  5. 

...    507. 

Saginaw  

4.. 

..p.w. 

..  6... 

,.    453. 

Vandalia  

3.. 

..si... 

..13. 

...    700. 

Sandusky  

....4.. 

.  .i.  c.. 

..  2... 

,.    479. 

Vanderbilt  

....!.. 

..p.w. 

..14. 

...3,300. 

Sangamon  

....3.. 

..i.  c.. 

..  2... 

.    844. 

Vermont  

1.. 

8h  1 

16 

...2,033. 

Santee  

2.. 

..fr... 

..50.., 

,.1,726. 

Virginia  

....!.. 

..sh.l. 

..80. 

.  .  .  2,033. 

Saranac  

2.. 

..p.w. 

..11.., 

..1,446. 

Wabash  

,....!.. 

..sc... 

..42. 

...3,274. 

Saratoga  

3.. 

..si... 

..  9.. 

..    882. 

Wachusctt  

....3.. 

.  .sc..  . 

..   9. 

...1,032. 

Sassacus  

....3.. 

.  .p.w. 

..10.. 

..    974. 

Wampauoag  

1.. 

.  .sc..  . 

..15. 

...3,281. 

Saugus  

....3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  2.. 

..1,034. 

Wasp  

4.. 

..p.w. 

..  3. 

...    521.  < 

Savannah  

....2.. 

..si... 

12 

.1,726. 

Wassuc  

3.. 

..i.  c.. 

..  1. 

...    773. 

Seminole  , 

3.. 

.  .sc... 

..  8... 

..    801. 

Waxsaw  

3.. 

i   r. 

9 

...    773. 

Shakamaxon  

..  ..!.. 

..i.  c.. 

..  4.. 

..3,200. 

Winnebago  

3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  4. 

...    970. 

Shamokin  

....8... 

..p.w. 

..10... 

,.1,030. 

Winnipcc  

....3.. 

..p.w. 

..7. 

...1,030. 

Shawmut  

4.. 

.  .SC  

..  8... 

.    593. 

Wvandank  

....4... 

,.S.  8.. 

9. 

...    399. 

Shawnee  

....3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  2.. 

..    773. 

Wyoming  

3.. 

.  .  SC.  .  . 

6 

...    977. 

Shenandoah  

2.. 

.  .sc..  . 

7 

,.1,378. 

Yantic  

4.. 

.  .sc... 

..  5. 

...    593. 

Shiloh  

....3.. 

..i.e.. 

..  2... 

..    773. 

Yazoo  

3.. 

i   r, 

9, 

...    773. 

Snowdrop  

....4.. 

.  .sc  

..  2... 

.    125. 

Yuma  

3... 

i   c 

2 

...    773. 

Sorrel  

....4.. 

.  .sc  

0 

.      68. 

SUMMARY. 

Rates-  No.  Gung. 

First  Rate  Ships  of  War 35 672 

Second  Rate  Ships  of  War 37 491 

Third  Rate  Ships  of  War 82 436 

Fourth  Rate  Ships  of  War , . . .    57 183 

Total ...211 1,782 


NAVAL  FORCE.* 

During  the  year  1867  the  aggregate  naval  force  was  reduced  forty  vessels  and  four  hundred 
and  eighty-two  guns.  The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  condition  of  the  vessels  of  the  navy 
Dec.  1867 : 

Ifo.  Guns. 

Vessels  in  squadron  service 56 ;507 

Apprentice  ships 3 52 

Receiving  ships 8 129 

Special  and  lake  service 3. . .  . .  54 


See  page  145. 


1869.]  SQUADRONS.  139 

No.  Guns. 

Attached  to  Naval  Academy 10 115 

On  service  at  yards  and  stations,  including  yard  and  powder  tugs,  and 
vessels  used  as  barracks  and  coal  barges 23 41 

Total  number  of  vessels  in  use 103 898 

Iron-clad  vessels  laid  up 49 109 

Iron-clad  vessels  not  completed 6 22 

Steam  vessels  not  completed 21 332 

Sailing  vessels  not  completed,  (old  line-of-battle  ships) 2 

Other  vessels  laid  up  repairing,  fitting  for  sea  and  for  sale 57 508 

Total  number  of  vessels  and  guns 233 1,809 

During  the  year  1867  there  were  11,900  men  employed  in  the  naval  and  coast  survey  service, 
but  this  number  was  reduced  in  1868  to  8,500  men. 

SQUADRONS. 
•  NORTH  ATLANTIC  SQUADRON. 

Commanding  Officer Rear  Admiral  HKNRY  K.  HOFP. 

Flag-Ship Contoocook 13  guns Captain  G.  B.  BALCH. 

Other  vessels Glasgow 2      "  Yantic 5  guns. 

Saco 10      "  Penobscot 9      " 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC  SQUADRON. 

Commanding  Officer Rear  Admiral  CHARLES  H.  DAVIS. 

Flag-Ship Guerriere 21  guns Captain  THOMAS  G.  COEBIN. 

Other  vessels Kansas 8      "  Shamokin 10  guns. 

Pawnee 11      "  Wasp 3      " 

Quinnebaug 6      " 

NORTH  PACIFIC  SQUADRON. 

Commanding  Officer Rear  Admiral  T.  T.  CRAVEN. 

Flag-Ship Pensacola 20  guns Captain  E.  MIDDLETON. 

Other  vessels Cyane  (store-ship 18      "  Ossipec 6  guns. 

Jamestown  u        0      "  Resaca 8      " 

Lackawanna 7      "  Saginaw 6      " 

Mohongo 10      "  Saranac 11      " 

SOUTH  PACIFIC  SQUADRON. 

Commanding  Officer Rear  Admiral  THOMAS  TURNER. 

Flag-Ship Powhatan 17  guns Captain  DAVID  MC-DOUGAL. 

Other  vessels Dacotah 7      "  Tuscarora 10  guns. 

Onward  (store-ship).  0      "  Kearsarge 10      " 

Nyack 6      " 

EUROPEAN  SQUADRON. 

Commanding  Officer Admiral  DAVID  G.  FARRAGUT. 

Flag-Ship Franklin 39  guns Captain  A.  M.  PENNOCK. 

Other  vessels Canandaigua 7      "  Swatara 10  guns. 

Frolic 5      "  Ticonderoga 9      " 

Guard  (store-ship).. .  0      " 

ASIATIC  SQUADRON. 

Commanding  Officer Rear  Admiral  S.  C.  ROWAN. 

Flag-Ship Piscataqua 21  guns Captain  D.  Ammen. 

Other  vessels Ashuelot 10      "  Oneida 8  guns. 

Aroostook 5      "  Shenandoah 7      " 

Iroquois 6      "  Unadilla 5      " 

Monocacy 10      "  Maumee 8      " 


140  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

NAVY  YARDS  AND  SHORE  STATIONS. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  PORTSMOUTH,  N.  II. 

Commandant Rear  Admiral  JOSEPH  LANMAN. 

Captain JOHN  GUEST. 

Ordnance  Duty Commander  WILLIAM  G.  TEMPLE. 

Navigation  Duty Commander  E.  Y.  MCCAULEY. 

Receiving  SJiip  Vandalia Commander  W.  W.  Low. 

Marine  Officer Major  THOMAS  Y.  FIELD. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  BOSTON. 

Commandant Commodore  JOHN  RODGERS. 

Captain F.  A.  PARKER. 

Ordnance  Duty Captain  D.  McN.  FAIRFAX. 

Navigation  Duty Commander  \VILLIAM  K.  MAYO. 

Receiving  Ship  Ohio Captain  A.  BI^YSON. 

Marine  Officer Lieut.  Col.  C.  J.  MCCAWLEY. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  NEW  YORK. 

Commandant Rear  Admiral  S.  W.  GODON. 

Captain STEPHEN  D.  TRENCHARD. 

Ordnance  Duty Captain  J.  J.  ALMY. 

Receiving  Skip  Vermont Commander  L.  A.  KIMBERLY. 

Navigation  Office Captain  J.  W.  A.  NICHOLSON. 

Naval  Rendezvous Commanders  A.  C.  RHIND  and  MILTON  HAXTUN. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  PHILADELPHIA,  PENN. 

Commandant Commodore  J.  B.  MARCHAND. 

Captain A .  MURRAY. 

Ordnance  Duty Commodore  J.  R.  Goldsborongh. 

Navigation  Duty Commander  BANCROFT  GHERARDI. 

Receiving  Ship  Potomac Captain  JOHN  DE  CAMP. 

LEAGUE  ISLAND. 

Commandant Commodore  OLIVER  S.  GLISSON. 

Marine  Officer Col.  M.  R.  KINTZINOK 

NAVY  YARD  AT  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Commandant Rear  Admiral  WILLIAM  RADFORD. 

Captain T.  II.  PATTERSON. 

Commander JOHN  LEE  DAVIS. 

Ordnance  Duty Commander  K.  R.  BREESE. 

Navigation  Duty Captain  HENRY  K.  DAVENPORT. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  NORFOLK,  VA. 

Commandant Commodore  A.  H.  KILTY. 

Captain C.  R.  P.  RODGERS. 

Commander T.  PATTISON. 

Ordnance  Duty Captain  GEORGE  II.  COOPER. 

Navigation  Duty Commander  R.  T.  RENSHAW. 

Receiving  Ship  New  Hampshire Commander  WILLIAM  E.  FITZHUGH. 

Marine  Officer Major  DAVID  M.  COHEN. 

NAVAL  STATION,  MOUND  CITY,  ILLINOIS. 

Commandant Commodore  HENRY  WALKE. 

Iron  Clad  Duty Commander  JAMES  P.  FOSTER. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  PENSACOLA,  FLORIDA. 

Commandant Commodore  T.  P.  GREENE. 

Commander B.  N.  WESTCOTT. 

Navigation  Duty Commanders  GEO.  A.  STEVENS  and  WM.  Gisson. 


1869.] 


PAY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


NEW  ORLEANS,  LOUISIANA. 
Iron  Clad  Duty  ................................  Captain  FRANCIS  S.  HAGGERTY. 

NAVY  YARD  AT  MARE  ISLAND,  CALIFORNIA. 
Corfimandant  ..................................  Commodore  JAMES  ALDEN. 

Captain  ........................................  REED  WERDEN. 

Ordnance  Duty  .................................  Commander  S.  R.  FRANKLIN. 

Commander  ....................................  T.  S.  PIIELPS. 

Commander  ....................................  J.  n.  RUSSELL. 

PAY  OP  THE  NAVY. 

All  officers,  while  at  sea  or  attached  to  a  sea-going  vessel,  shall  be  allowed 
one  ration. 

The  pay  of  all  naval  officers  appointed  by  virtue  of  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  to  provide  for  the  temporary  increase  of  the  navy,"  approved  July  24, 
1861,  shall  be  the  same  as  that  of  officers  of  a  like  grade  in  the  regular  navy. 
The  law  provides  that  the  rate  of  pay  of  officers  of  the  navy  on  the  retired 
list,  and  not  on  duty,  nor  retired  on  furlough  pay,  in  cases  where  such  rate 
of  pay  has  not  heretofore  been  fixed  by  law,  shall  be  one  half  of  the  pay  to 
which  such  officers  would  be  entitled  if  on  duty  at  sea. 

The  pay  of  clerks  of  navy  yards,  of  clerks  to  commandants  of  navy 
yards,  and  of  clerks  to  naval  store-keepers  was  increased  twenty-five  per 
cent,  upon  their  salaries  from  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year,  July  1, 
1867.  And  the  retired  pay  of  Surgeons,  Paymasters,  Engineers  and  other 
staff  officers  in  the  navy  was  made  the  same  as  that  of  the  retired  officers  of 
the  line  with  whom  they  have  relative  rank. 

Officers  on  the  retired  and  reserved  lists  of  the  navy  are  entitled  to  pro 
motion  as  their  several  dates  upon  the  active  list  are  promoted  ;  but  such 
promotion  does  not  entitle  them  to  any  pay  beyond  that  to  which  they  were 
entitled  when  retired,  unless  upon  active  duty,  when  they  shall  receive  the 
full  pay  of  their  respective  grades. 

PAY  TABLE. 

Grades.  Paj  per  Annum. 

ADMIRAL  ................................................................................  $10,000 

VICE-ADMIRAL.—  When  at  sea  ..............................................................  7,000 

When  on  shore  duty  .................................................................  6,000 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders  ..........................................................  5,000 

REAR-ADMIRALS,  (Active  List).  —  When  at  sea  ..................  ............................  5,000 

When  on  shore  duty  .................................................................  4,000 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders  ..........................................................  3,000 

On  Retired  List  .....................................................................  2,000 

COMMODORES,  (Active  List).—  When  at  sea  .................................................  4,000 

When  on  shore  duty  .................................................................  3.200 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders  ..........................................................  2,400 

On  Retired  List  ......................................................................  1.800 

CAPTAINS,  (Active  List).—  When  at  sea  .....................................................  3,500 

When  on  shore  duty  .................................................................  2,800 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders  ..........................................................  2,100 

On  Retired  Lint  ......................................................................  1,600 

COMMANDERS.  (Active  List).—  When  at  sea  .................................................  2,800 

When  on  shore  duty  .................................................................  2,240 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders  ..........................................................  1,680 

On  Retired  List  ................  , 


142  .     THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Grades.  Pay  per  Annum. 

LIEUTENANT  COMMANDERS,  (Active  Lisf).—Whcn  at  sea $2,343 

When  on  shore  duty 1,875 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 1.500 

On  Retired  List 1,300 

LIEUTENANTS,  (Active  List).—^\1\oii  at  sea 1.875 

When  on  shore  duty 1,500 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 1.200 

On  Retired  List 1,000 

MASTERS,  (Active  List).— When  at  sea 1.500 

When  on  shore  duty 1,200 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 900 

On  Retired  List 800 

ENSIGNS,  (Active  List).— When  at  sea 1.200 

When  on  shore  duty 960 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 708 

On  Retired  List 500 

MIDSHIPMEN — After  graduating  and  while  on  sea-service 800 

Prior  to  graduating  and  when  on  shore  duty  or  leave 500 

MATES— After  one  year's  continuous  service  and  on  sea-service 720 

On  other  duty  or  on  leave *4SO 

FLEET  SURGEONS 3,300 

SURGEONS— On  duty  at  sea— 

For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2.200 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2,400 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2.GOO 

For  fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2.800 

For  twenty  years  and  upwards  after  date  of  commission 3,000 

On  other  duty— 

For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2.000 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2,200 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2,400 

For  fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2,000 

For  twenty  years  and  upwards  after  date  of  commission 2,800 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders — 

For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 1,600 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 1,800 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 1,900 

For  fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission  as  surgeon 2.100 

For  twenty  years  and  upwards  after  date  of  commission 2,300 

RETIRED  SURGEONS — Surgeons  ranking  with  captains 1.000 

Surgeons  ranking  with  commanders 1,400 

Surgeons  ranking  with  lieutenant  commanders 1 .309 

PASSED  ASSISTANT  SURGEONS— On  duty  at  sea 1.500 

On  other  duty 1. 100 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders , .  .1.100 

RETIRED  PASSED  AND  ASSISTANT  SURGEONS — 

Passed,  ranking  with  lieutenants , 1,000 

Assistants,  ranking  with  masters 800 

ASSISTANT  SURGEONS— On  duty  at  sea l.-;>50 

On  other  duty 1,050 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 800 

FLEET  PAYMASTERS 3,300 

PAYMASTERS — On  duty  at  sea — 

For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2.000 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,400 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,000 

For  fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,900 

For  twenty  years  and  upwards  after  date  of  commission 3,100 

*  Mates  whose  pay  is  $40  per  month,  to  receive  20  per  cent,  additional. 


1869.]  PAY  OF  THE  NAVY.  143 

Grades.  pay  per  Annum. 

PAYMASTERS— On  other  duty. 

For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission $1,800 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,100 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,400 

For  fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2.000 

For  twenty  years  and  upwards  after  date  of  commission 2,800 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders — 

For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,400 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission l.GOO 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,800 

For  fourth  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,000 

For  twenty  years  and  upwards  after  date  of  commission 2,250 

PAYMASTERS  RETIRED— Ranking  with  captains 1,COO 

Ranking  with  commanders 1,400 

Ranking  with  lieutenant  commanders 1,000 

PASSED  ASSISTANT  PAYMASTERS— On  duty  at  sea 1,500 

On  other  duty MOO 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 1,200 

ASSISTANT  PAYMASTERS— On  duty  at  sea- 
First  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,300 

After  five  years  from  date  of  commission 1,500 

On  other  duty — 

First  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,000 

After  five  years  from  date  of  commission 1,200 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders — First  five  years  after  date  of  commission 800 

After  five  years  from  date  of  commission 1,000 

RETIRED  ASSISTANT  PAYMASTERS 800 

NAVAL  CONSTRUCTORS— On  duty— First  five  years  in  service • 2,400 

Second  five  years  in  service 2,GOO 

Third  five  years  in  service 2,800 

Fourth  five  years  in  service 3,000 

Over  twenty  years  in  service 3,200 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders — First  five  years  in  service 1,000 

Second  five  years  in  service 1,800 

Third  five  years  in  service 2.000 

Fourth  five  years  in  sendee 2,200 

Over  twenty  years  in  service 2,400 

On  Retired  List— Ranking  with  Captain 1,000 

Ranking  with  commander 1,400 

Ranking  with  lieutenant  commander 1,300 

Assistant  Naval  Constructors 2,000 

CHAPLAINS— To  be  paid  as  lieutenants,  except  when  retired,  when  their  pay  is  the  same 
as  retired  officers  of  the  line  with  whom  they  have  relative  rank. 

PROFESSORS  OF  MATHEMATICS — On  duty 1,800 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 9GO 

BOATSWAINS,  GUNNERS,  CARPENTERS,  AND  SAII  MAKERS— On  duty  at  sea— 

For  first  three  years'  sea-service  from  date  of  appointment 1,000 

For  second  three  years'  sea-service  from  date  of  appointment 1.150 

For  third  three  years'  sea-service  from  date  of  appointment 1,250 

For  fourth  three  years'  sea-service  from  date  of  appointment 1,350 

For  twelve  years'  sea-service  and  upwards 1,450 

On  other  duty — For  first  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment 800 

For  second  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment 900 

Fo.r  third  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment 1.000 

For  fourth  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment 1,100 

For  twelve  years'  sea-service  and  upwards 1,200 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders — For  first  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment   f>00 

For  second  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment ?00 

For  third  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment 8 

For  fourth  three  years'  sea-service  after  date  of  appointment 

For  twelve  years'  sea-service  and  upwards 1.000 


144  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Grades.  Pay  per  annum. 

FLEET  ENGINEERS $3,300 

ENGINEERS—  Chief  Engineer,  (on  duty)— For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,200 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,500 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission 2,800 

After  fifteen  years  from  date  of  commission 3,000 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders— For  first  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,500 

For  second  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,000 

For  third  five  years  after  date  of  commission 1,700 

After  fifteen  years  from  date  of  commission 1,800 

Retired  Chief  Engineers— Chief  engineers  ranking  with  captains 1,GOO 

Chief  engineers  ranking  with  commanders 1,400 

Chief  engineers  ranking  with  lieutenant  commanders 1,200 

First  Assistant  Engineers— On  duty 1,500 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 1,1CO 

Retired  First  Assistant  Engineers 800 

Second  Assistant  Engineers — On  duty 1,200 

On  leave  or  waiting  orders 900 

Retired  Second  Assistant  Engineers 500 

Third  Assistant  Engineers— -On  duty 1,000 

On  Jeave  or  waiting  orders 300 

SECRETARY  TO  ADMIRAL  AND  VICE-ADMIRAL— Sea  pay  and  allowance  to  each  of  a  lieutenant. 

SECRETARIES  to  commanders  of  squadrons 1,500 

CLERKS,  APOTHECARIES,  &c.— To  commanders  of  squadrons  and  commanders  of  vessels. .    5GO 

First  clerks  to  commandants  of  navy -yards,  and  clerks  of  navy-yards .1,200 

Second  clerks  to  commandants 9GO 

Commandant's  clerk,  navy-yard,  Mare  island 1,500 

Clerk  of  navy-yard 1,500 

To  paymasters  at  Boston,  New  York,  Washington,  and  Philadelphia  stations 1,200 

At  other  stations 1,000 

To  inspectors  in  charge  of  provisions  and  clothing  at  Boston,  New  York  and  Phila.  .1,200 

At  other  inspections 1,000 

To  receiving  ships  at  Boston  and  New  York 1,200 

In  other  receiving  ships,  and  in  vessels  of  the  first  rate,  and  at  the  Naval  Academy.  .1,000 

To  fleet  paymasters  and  to  paymasters  of  vessels  of  the  second  rate 800 

To  paymasters  of  vessels  of  the  third  rate,  when  allowed 700 

Apothecaries,  first  class 750 

Apothecaries  at  Mare  Island,  first  class 1,000 

Apothecaries,  second  class,  per  month 40 

Apothecaries,  third  class,  per  month CO 

Paymaster's  writers,  first  class,  (at  navy-yards,  receiving-ships,  and  Naval  Academy) . . .    750 
Paymaster's  writers,  second  class,  per  month,  (attached  to  first  and  second  rates, 

storeships,  and  to  third  and  fourth  rates,  where  no  paymaster's  clerk  is  allowed) . .      40 
Paymaster's  writers,  third  class,  per  month,  (where  paymaster's  clerks  are  allowed) 33 

PETTY  OFFICERS,  SEAMEN,  &c. 

PAY  PER  MONTH. 

lit  Rate.         SdRate.  3d  Kate.     4th  Rate. 

Chief  Boatswain's  Mates $30 $30 

Boatswain's  Mates  in  Charge 30 30 $30 $30 

Boatswai-i's  Mates 27 27 27 27 

Chief  Gunner's  Mates 30 30 

Gunner's  Mates  in  Charge 30 30 30 30 

GunnerV  Mates 27 27 27 27 

Chief  Quartermasters 30 80 28 28 

Quartermasters 25 25 25 25 

Cockswains  to  Commandere-in-Chief 30 30 80 30 

Cockswains 25 25 25 25 

Captains  of  Forecastle 25 25 25 25 

Captains  of  Tops 25 25 25 25 

Quarter  Gunners 25 25 25 25 

Carpenter's  Mates 30 30 30 30 


1869.]  PAY  OF  THE  NAVY.  145 

PAT  PER  MONTH. 

1st  Rate.         2dRate.  3d  Rate.     4th  Rate. 

Carpenters,  including  Caulker? .' $20 $20 $20 $20 

Sailmaker's  Mates 25 25 25 25 

Painters,  let  Class 25 25 

Painters,  2d  Class 22 22 22 22 

Coopers 22 22 22.. 22 

Armorers 35 30 

Armorer's  Mates 22 22 22 .22 

Captains  of  Hold 25 25 25 25 

Captains  of  Afterguard 25 25 25 25 

Ship's  Cooks 30 30 26 26 

Bakers 25 25 22 22 

Yeomen 45 40 35 30 

Master-at-Arms 40 35 30 25 

Machinists 40 40 40 40 

Schoolmasters 35. . .' 30 25 20 

Ship's  Writers 30 25 20 18 

Ship's  Corporals 22 22 22 .22 

Masters  of  the  Bands .35 30 

Musicians,  1st  Class 20 20 

Musicians,  2d  Class 1G 16 

Stewards  to  Commanders-in-Chief -. 40 40 40 40 

Cooks  to  Commanders-in-Chief 35 35 35 35 

Cabin  Stewards 35 35 35 35 

Cabin  Cooks... 30 30 30 30 

Wardroom  Stewards 30 30 30 .30 

Wardroom  Cooks 25 25 25 25 

Steerage  Stewards 20 20 20 20 

Steerage  Cooks 18 18 18 18 

"Warrant  Officers'  Stewards 18 18 18 18 

Warrant  Officers'  Cooks 14 14 14 14 

Seamen 20 20 20 20 

Ordinary  Seamen 16 16 16 16 

Landsmen 14 14 14 14 

Nurses 14 14 14 14 

Boys,  1st  Class 10 10 10 10 

Boys,  2d  Class 9 9 9 9 

Boys,  3d  Class 8 8 8 8 

Firemen,  1st  Class 30 30 30 30 

Firemen,  2d  Class 25 25 25 25 

Coal-heavers 20 20 20! . '.     . .  .20 


The  List  of  Vessels  in  the  Navy  was  corrected  at  the  Navy  Department,  October,  1868.  From 
that  time  to  December,  several  changes  were  made  by  which  the  naval  force  was  still  further 
reduced.  The  changes  in  the  squadrons  are  as  follows: 

The  Gettysburg  of  9  guns,  and  the  Nipsic  of  6  guns,  have  at  different  times  been  in  Haytien 
waters,  connected  with  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron.  The  Shamokin,  from  the  South  Atlantic 
Squadron;  the  Canandaigua,  from  the  European  Squadron,  and  the  Shenandoah,  from  the 
Asiatic  Squadron,  have  returned,  or  have  been  ordered  home,  and  the  Idaho,  (store  and  hospital 
ehip)  of  7  guns,  is  attached  to  the  Asiatic  Squadron. 

Exhibit  of  the  Naval  Force,  December,  1868.  The  number  of  vessels  in  squadron  service,  as 
cruisers,  storeships  and  returning  is  42,  carrying  411  guns— a  reduction  during  the  year  of  14 
vessels,  carrying  96  guns.  The  number  of  vessels  of  all  descriptions  in  use  as  cruisers,  store- 
ships,  receiving  ships,  tugs,  &c.,  is  81,  carrying  693  guns— a  reduction  from  last  year  of  22  ves 
sels,  carrying  205  guns.  The  total  number  of  vessels  borne  upon  the  navy  list  is  206,  carrying 
1,743  guns— a  reduction  during  the  year  of  32  vessels,  carrying  126  guns. 

No.  Guns. 

Iron-clad  vessels 52 129 

Screw  steamers 95 938 

Paddle  wheel  steamers 28 199 

Sailing  vessels 31 477 

Total 7206 1,743 

IP 


146  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

ATTORNEY  GENERAL'S  OFFICE.* 

The  ordinary  business  of  this  office  may  be  classified  under  the  following 
heads : 

1.  Official  opinions  on  the  current  business  of  the  government,  as  called 
for  by  the  President,  by  any -head  of  department,  or  by  the  Solicitor  of  the 
Treasury. 

2.  Examination  of  the  titles  of  all  land  purchased,  as  the  sites  of  arse 
nals,  custom-houses,  light-houses,  and  all  other  public  works  of  the  United 
States. 

3.  Applications  for  pardons  in  all  cases  of  conviction  in  the  courts  of 
the  United  States. 

4.  Application  for  appointment  in  all  the  judicial  and  legal  business  of 
the  government. 

5.  The  conduct  and  argument  of  all  suits  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  in  which  the  government  is  concerned. 

6.  The  supervision  of  all  other  suits  arising  in  any  of  the  departments, 
when  referred  by  the  head  thereof  to  the  Attorney  General. 

To  these  ordinary  heads  of  the  business  of  the  office  is  added  at  the  pres 
ent  time  the  direction  of  all  appeals  on  land  claims  in  California. 

Attorney  General WM.  M.  EVARTS $8,000 

Assistant  Attorney  General J.  HUBLEY  ASHTON 4,000 

"  "  "      T.  LYLE  DICKEY ..4,000 

Chief  Clerk MATTHEW  F.  PLEASANTS 2,200 


JUDICIARY.* 

The  Constitution  provides  that  the  judicial  power  of  the  United  States 
shall  be  vested  in  one  supreme  court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  congress 
may,  from  time  to  time,  ordain  and  establish.  The  judges,  both  of  the 
supreme  and  inferior  courts,  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior  ;  and  at 
stated  times  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  is  not  to  be 
diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

The  judicial  power  extends  to  all  cases  in  law  and  equity  arising  under 
this  constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or  which 
shall  be  made  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other 
public  ministers  and  consuls  ;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  juris 
diction  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party ;  to 
controversies  between  two  or  more  states ;  between  a  state  and  citizens  of 
another  state,  between  citizens  of  different  states,  between  citizens  of  the 
same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  states,  and  between  a 
state,  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  of  foreign  states,  citizens  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  and 
those  in  which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  supreme  court  has  original  juris 
diction.  In  all  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  supreme  court  has  appellate 
*  Corrected  by  Clerk  of  Supreme  Court,  October,  1868. 


1869.]  JUDICIARY.  147 

jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions,  and  under  such 
obligations  as  congress  shall  make. 

SUPREME  COURT  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Chief  Justice,  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Ohio.. 

Associate  Justices,  Samuel  Nelson,  New  York;  Robert  C.  Grier,  Pennsylvania;  Nathan  Clif 
ford,  Maine  ;  Noah  H.  Swayne,  Ohio ;  Samuel  F.  Miller,  Iowa  ;  David  Davis,  Illinois  ;  Stephen 
J.  Field,  California. 

Clerk,  D.  \V.  Middleton  ;  Marshal,  R.  C.  Parsons  ;  Reporter,  John  Wm.  Wallace. 

Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $6,500 ;  of  each  Associate  Justice,  $6,000. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS.* 

This  country  is  divided  into  nine  Judicial  Circuits,  in  each  of  which  a  Circuit 
Court  is  held  twice  every  year,  for  each  State  within  the  Circuit,  by  a  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  assigned  to  the  Circuit,  and  by  the  District  Judge  of 
the  State  or  district  in  which  the  Court  sits. 

The  Circuit  Courts  have  both  original  and  appellate  jurisdiction.  They 
have  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  the  State  Courts,  where  the  matter  in  dis 
pute  exceeds  the  sum  of  $500,  and  the  United  States  are  plaintiffs ;  or  where 
an  alien  is  a  party ;  or  where  the  suit  is  between  citizens  of  different  States. 
They  have  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  of  crimes  against  the  laws  of  the 
United  States,  except  where  the  law  especially  confers  the  power  on  other 
Courts. 

The  District  Courts  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  admiralty 
and  maritime  causes. 

\st  Circuit — Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island JUDGE  CLIFFORD. 

M  Circuit— Connecticut,  New  York  and  Vermont JUDGE  NELSON. 

3d  Circuit— New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware JUDGE  GRIER. 

4th  Circuit— Maryland,  West  Virginia,  Virginia,  North  and  South 

Carolina CHIEF  JUSTICE  CHASE. 

5th  Circuit— Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana  and 

Texas 

6th  Circuit— Ohio,  Michigan,  Kentucky  and  Tennessee JUDGE  SWAYNE. 

1th  Circuit— Illinois,  Indiana  and  Wisconsin JUDGE  DAVIS. 

8th  Circuit — Minnesota,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Arkansas  and  Nebraska JUDGE  MILLER. 

9th  Circuit— California,  Oregon  and  Nevada JUDGE  FIELD. 

COURT  OF  CLAIMS. 

The  Court  of  Claims  was  established  in  1855 ;  it  hears  and  determines  all 
claims  founded  upon  a  law  of  Congress,  or  regulation  of  an  executive  depart 
ment,  or  upon  any  contract  with  the  government  of  the  United  States. 

Chief  Justice,  Joseph  Casey. 

Judges,  Edward  J.  Loring,  Ebenezer  Peck,  Charles  C.  Nott,  Samuel  Milligan. 

Chief  Clerk,  Samuel  H.  Huntington.  Assistant  Clerk,  John  Randolph.  Bailiff,  Stark  B.  Taylor. 

SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Chief  Justice,  David  K.  Cartter. 

Associate  Justices,  Abraham  B.  Olin,  George  P.  Fisher,  Andrew  Wylie. 
Attorney,  Edward  C.  Carrington ;  Marshal,  David  S.  Gooding ;  Clerk,  Return  J.  Meige  ;  Reg 
ister  of  Deeds,  F.  P.  Cuppy. 
Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $4,500 ;  of  each  Associate  Justice,  $4,000. 

*For  District  Courts  and  Officers  see  the  different  states. 


148  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 
[Corrected  at.  Post  Office  Department,  October,  1868.J 

The  management  of  the  Post  Office  Department  is  assigned  by  the  Con 
stitution  and  laws  to  the  Postmaster  Generalt 

The  Appointment  Office,  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  First  Assistant  Post 
master  General,  attends  to  the  establishment  and  discontinuance  of  post 
offices,  changes  of  sites  and  names,  appointment  and  removal  of  postmasters 
and  route  of  local  agents,  and  giving  of  instructions  to  postmasters.  It 
provides  marking  and  rating  stamps  and  letter  balances  for  postmasters, 
and  blanks  and  stationery  for  the  use  of  the  department,  and  superintends 
the  several  agencies  established  for  supplying  postmasters  with  blanks,  wrap 
ping  paper  and  twine.  It  has  the  supervision  of  the  ocean  mail  steamship 
lines  and  of  the  foreign  and  international  postal  arrangements. 

The  Contract  Office,  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  Second  Assistant  Post 
master  General,  arranges  the  mail  service,  and  places  the  same  under  contract, 
corresponds  and  acts  respecting  the  trips,  conveyance,  departures  and 
arrivals  on  all  the  routes,  the  course  of  the  mail  between  the  different  sec 
tions  of  the  country,  the  points  of  distribution,  and  the  regulations  for  the 
government  of  the  domestic  mail  service.  It  prepares  the  advertisements, 
receives  the  bids,  and  takes  charge  of  the  annual  and  occasional  mail  let- 
tings;  the  adjustment  and  execution  of  the  contracts;  application  for  the 
establishment  or  alteration  of  mail  arrangements,  and  the  appointment  of 
mail  messengers.  All  claims  for  transportation  service  not  under  contract 
are  to  be  recognized  by  the  Contract  Office  as  authority  for  the  proper  credits 
at  the  Auditor's  Office.  Postmasters  at  the  end  of  routes  receive  from  it 
the  statement  of  mail  arrangements  prescribed  for  the  respective  routes. 
It  reports  weekly  to  the  Auditor  all  contracts  executed,  and  all  orders  affect 
ing  accounts  for  mail  transportation ;  prepares  the  statistical  exhibits  of 
the  mail  service,  and  the  reports  of  the  mail  lettings,  giving  a  statement  of 
each  bid ;  also,  of  the  contracts  made,  the  new  service  originated,  the  cur 
tailments  ordered,  and  the  additional  allowances  granted  within  the  year. 

To  the  Inspection  Division  of  this  Office,  is  assigned  the  duty  of  receiving 
and  examining  the  registers  of  the  arrivals  and  departures  of  the  mails,  certifi 
cates  of  the  service  of  route  agents,  and  reports  of  mail  failures  ;  of  noting  the 
delinquencies  of  contractors,  and  preparing  cases  thereon  for  the  action  of  the 
Postmaster  General ;  furnishing  blanks  for  mail  registers,  and  reports  of  mail 
failures  ;  providing  and  sending  out  mail-bags  and  mail  locks  and  keys  ;  the 
suppression  of  all  cases  of  mail  depredation,  of  violation  of  law  by  private 
express,  or  by  the  forging  or  illegal  use  of  postage  stamps. 

All  communications  respecting  lost  money,  lost  letters,  mail  depredations, 
or  ofher  violations  of  laws  should  be  directed  to  this  division. 

The  Finance  Office,  the  head  of  which  is  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster 
General,  supervises  the  financial  business  of  the  department  not  devolved 
by  law  upon  the  Auditor,  embracing  accounts  with  the  draft  officers  and 
other  depositaries  of  the  department,  the  issuing  of  warrants  and  drafts  in 
payment  of  balances  reported  by  the  Auditor  to  be  due  to  mail  contractors 


18ft).]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT.  149 

and  other  persons,  the  supervision  of  tho  accounts  of  officers  under  order 
to  deposit  their  quarterly  balances  at  designated  points,  and  the  superin 
tendence  of  the  rendition  by  postmasters  of  their  quarterly  returns  of  post 
age.  It  has  charge  of  the  dead-letter  office,  of  the  issuing  of  postage  stamps 
and  stamped  envelopes  for  the %  prepayment  of  postage,  and  of  the  accounts 
connected  therewith. 

To  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster  General,  all  postmasters  should  direct 
their  quarterly  returns  of  postage  ;  those  at  -draft  offices,  their  letters  report 
ing  quarterly  the  net  proceeds  of  their  offices ;  and  those  at  depositing 
offices,  their  certificates  of  deposit.  To  him  should  also  be  directed  the 
weekly  and  monthly  returns  of  the  depositaries  of  the  department,  as  well 
as  all  applications  and  receipts  for  postage  stamps  and  stamped  envelopes, 
and  for  dead  letters. 

CHIEF  OFFICERS  IN  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Postmaster  General ALEX.  W.  RANDALL. $8,000 

First  Assistant  Postmaster  General .ST.  JOHN  B.  L.  SKINNER 3,500 

Second  Assistant  Postmaster  General GEORGE  W.  MCLELLAN 3,500 

Third  Assistant  Postmaster  General A  LEX.  N.  ZEVELY 3,500 

Superintendent  of  Money  Order  System C.  F.  MACDONALD 3,000 

Superintendent  of  Foreign  Mails J.  H.  BLACKFAN 3,000 

Chief  Clerk .:........  E.  L.  CHILDS ........:....... 2,200 

Disbursing  Clerk  and  Superintendent WILLIAM  BELL 2,000 

Chief  Clerk  of  Appointment  Office JAMES  H.  MARR 2,000 

Chief  Clerk  of  Contract  Office REVERE  W.  GURLEY 2,000 

Chief  Clerk  of  Finance  Office. . . WM.  M.  IRELAND :::.:....:.. 2,000 

Topographer W.  L.  NICHOLSON 1,800 

Money  Order  Office D.  A.  HAYNES 1,800 

Blank  Agent ROBERT  P.  CADY 1,800 

REVENUES  AND  EXPENDITURES  OF  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  ordinary  postal  revenue  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1868,  was  $16,- 
292,600.80 ;  the  expenditures  for  the  same  time,  including  service  for  which 
special  appropriations  were  made,  $22,730,592.65 ;  excess  of  expenditures,  $6,- 
437,991.85.  The  receipts  were :  From  postages,  $16,292,600;  amounts  drawn 
from  the  treasury  under  acts  making  appropriations  for  "  carrying  free  matter," 
$3,800,000;  under  acts  making  special  appropriations  for  "  overland  mail  and 
marine  service  between  New  York  and  California,"  $1,125,000;  "steamship 
service  between  San  Francisco,  Japan  and  China,"  $125,000;  between  the 
"  United  States  and  Brazil,"  $150,000 ;  for  "  carrying  the  mail  on  routes  estab 
lished  by  acts  passed  during  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress," 
$486,525 ;  "  for  preparing  and  publishing  post  route  maps,"  $10,000,  making 
the  receipts  from  all  sources,  $21,989,125.  The  expenditures  of  all  kinds 
were  $22,730,592,  as  above  stated;  excess  over  receipts,  $741,466. 

The  ordinary  expenses  of  the  department,  not  including  mail  transporta 
tion  provided  for  by  special  appropriations,  were  $21,555,592.65;  and  the 
ordinary  receipts,  including  the  amount  drawn  under  appropriation  for 
carrying  free  mail  matter,  were  $20,092,600.80,  showing  an  excess  of  expen 
ditures  of  $1,462,991.85,  for  $741,466.85,  of  which,  a  special  appropria 
tion  will  be  required.  The  receipts  for  postages,  as  compared  with  the 


150  T1IE  AMERICAN  YEAI1-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

previous  year,  show  an  increase  of  6  per  cent.,  and  the  expenditures  an 
increase  of  18.1  per  cent. 

POSTAL  CONVENTIONS. 

Postal  Conventions  with  Great  Britain  and  Countries  on  the  Continent  of 
Europe.  Liberal  postal  conventions,  with  general  uniformity  of  principles 
and  details,  have  been  concluded  with  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  Belgium,  Switzerland,  the  Netherlands,  the  North  German 
Union,  and  Italy,  securing  important  reductions  of  postage,  and  introducing 
other  valuable  improvements  in  our  postal  intercourse  with  those  countries. 
The  new  postal  convention  concluded  with  the  United  Kingdom,  which  goes 
into  operation  January  1,  1869,  establishes  the  following  rates  of  interna 
tional  postage,  viz : 

1.  Letters — Twelve  cents  per  single  rate  of  15  grammes  (half  ounce)  in  the 
United  States,  and  sixpence  (12  cents)  in  the  United  Kingdom,  prepayment 
optional.     A  fine  of  Jive  cents  in  the  United  States,  and  twopence  (4  cents)  in 
the  United  Kingdom  will,  however,  be  levied  and  collected  in  addition  to  the 
deficient  postage  on  each  unpaid  or  insufficiently  prepaid  letter  received  by 
one  country  from  the  other. 

2.  Newspapers — Two  cents  each  in  the  United  States,  and  one  penny  each  in 
the  United  Kingdom,  if  not  exceeding/owr  ounces  in  weight. 

3.  Boole-packets  (including  printed  papers  of  all  kinds,  &c.),  and  patterns 
or  samples  of  merchandise  (including  seeds  and  grain)  :    When  not  exceeding 
one  ounce  in  weight,  two  cents  in  the  United  States,  and  one  penny  in  the  United 
Kingdom.     When  exceeding  one  ounce  and  not  exceeding  two  ounces  in  weight 
four  cents  in  the  United  States,  and  twopence  in  the  United  Kingdom.     When 
exceeding  two  ounces  and  not  exceeding  four  ounces  in  weight  six  cents  in  the 
United  States,  and  threepence  in  the  United  Kingdom.     When  exceeding  four 
ounces  in  weight,  an  additional  rate  of  six  cents  in  the  United  States,  and 
threepence  in  the  United  Kingdom  will  be  charged  for  every  additional  four 
ounces  or  fraction  thereof.     The  postage  chargeable  as  above,  upon  all  articles 
of  printed  matter,  including  patterns  or  samples  of  merchandise,  must  le 
fully  prepaid  at  the  mailing  office  in  either  country,  and  is  in  full  to  desti 
nation — the  receiving  country  delivering  the  same  without  charge. 

4.  Each  country  to  make  its  own  arrangements  for  the  dispatch  of  mails 
to  the  other  by  well  appointed  ships,  and  to  pay  for  the  transportation  of  the 
mails  which  it  dispatches. 

5.  The  free  transfer  of  extra  territorial  mails  in  the  seaports  of  the  two 
countries  is  provided  for. 

The  conventions  concluded  with  Belgium,  the  Netherlands,  the  North 
German  Union,  Italy,  and  Switzerland,  respectively,  contain  substantially 
the  same  principles  and  provisions  as  the  convention  with  the  United  King 
dom,  with  such  slight  modifications  as  were  necessary  to  meet  the  peculiari 
ties  of  the  postal  system  of  each  country. 

The  single  rate  for  letters  between  the  United  States  and  Belgium,  by 
closed  mails  through  England,  is  reduced  from  27  to  15  cents;  between  the 


1869.]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT.  151 

United  States  and  Prussia  embracing  all  the  States  now  included  within  the 
North  German  Union,  the  single  letter  rate  is  reduced  from  30  to  15  cents ; 
and  the  same  rate  of  fifteen  cents  has  been  established  to  the  Netherlands, 
Italy,  and  to  Switzerland,  respectively,  by  closed  mails  through  England, 
thus  securing  a  uniform  rate  of  letter  postage  to  each  of  these  countries. 

The  conventions  with  Belgium  and  the  North  German  Union  also  estab 
lish  a  reduced  international  rate  of  ten  cents  for  letters  transmitted  by 
regular  lines  of  mail  steamships  plying  directly  between  any  port  of  the 
United  States  and  any  port  of  the  north  of  Europe. 

The  principle  of  free  transit  for  correspondence  transmitted  in  closed 
mails  is  adopted  in  the  conventions  witl^fthe  Netherlands  and  Italy,  and  in 
each  of  the  other  conventions  very  low  fa ansit  charges  are  established. 

Postal  Convention  with  Hong  Kon^  China.  A  postal  convention,  with 
simple  provisions  avoiding  postage  accounts,  has  also  been  concluded  with 
the  colonial  government  of  Hong  Kong,  China.  The  arrangements  made 
with  the  Hong  Kong  office  embrace  correspondence  originating  in  the  United 
States  and  addressed  to  Hong  Kong  or  to  the  dependent  Chinese  ports  with 
which  Hong  Kong  maintains  postal  relations,  including  Canton,  Amoy, 
Swatow,  and  Foo  Chow ;  and,  vice  versa  of  correspondence  originating  in 
Hong  Kong  or  the  dependent  Chinese  ports,  and  addressed  to  the  United 
States.  Prepayment  is  compulsory. 

Each  office  retains  the  postage  which  it  collects  at  the  established  rates 
on  the  correspondence  which  it  forwards  to  the  other,  and  the  receiving 
office  delivers  free  of  charge. 

Mail  Steamship  service  to  Japan  and  China.  The  mail  steamship  service 
between  the  United  States  and  China  authorized  by  the  act  of  Congress, 
approved  February  17,  1865,  was  commenced  on  the  1st  of  January,  1867, 
by  the  departure  of  the  steamship  Colorado  from  San  Francisco  with  the 
mails  for  Japan  and  China.  The  average  duration  of  the  first  three  voyages 
of  the  Colorado  was  as  follows,  viz. :  , 

Pars.  Hours.  Minutei. 

From  San  Francisco  to  Yokohama . 22 17 41 

From  San  Francisco  to  Hong  Kong  including  detention  at  Yokohama. 30 11 10 

From  Yokohama  to  Hong  Kong 6 2 48 

From  Hong  Kong  to  Yokohama 7 12 46 

From  Yokohama  to  San  Francisco 21 9 0 

From  Hong  Kong  to  San  Francisco  including  detention  at  Yokohama.  30 22 7 

A  supplemental  contract  was  executed  on  the  20th  of  March,  1867,  for 
the  conveyance  of  the  United  States  mails  without  additional  charge,  in  lieu 
of  the  Honolulu  service  released,  by  a  branch  line  of  steamers  between 
Yokohama,  or  other  port  in  Japan  used  by  the  main  line,  and  the  port  of 
Shanghai,  in  China,  making  continuous  regular  monthly  trips  between  said 
ports  in  connection  with  the  main  line,  both  on  the  outward  and  homeward 
voyages. 

POSTAL  SERVICE. 

Post  Offices  and  Delivery  of  Letters.  A  large  majority  of  offices  discon 
tinued  are  in  the  southern  states,  the  service  at  which  was  suspended  by 


152  THE  AMERICAN  -YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

order  of  the  Postmaster  General,  in  May,  1861,  and  were  not  in  operation 
thereafter,  but  not  regularly  discontinued.  These  offices  were  reported  by 
the  Auditor  to  the  appointment  office  as  having  failed  to  make  returns  for 
five  years,  and  their  discontinuance  recommended  as  necessary  to  enable  that 
officer  to  close  the  accounts  of  the  late  postmasters  on  the  books  of  his  office, 
and  for  that  reason  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  formally  discontinue  them. 

The  free  delivery  of  letters  by  carriers  has  been  in  operation  during  the 
past  year  in  forty-eight  of  the  principal  cities.  The  number  of  carriers  em 
ployed  was  1,198,  at  an  aggregate  compensation  of  $995,934.34.  This  mode 
of  delivery  continues  to  grow  in  public  favor,  and  experience  justifies  the 
belief  that  it  will  supersede  the  system  of  box  delivery,  increase  correspond 
ence,  and  not  only  pay  its  expenses,  but  yield  a  revenue  to  the  department. 

STATISTICS  FOR  FISCAL  YEAH  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1867. 

Appointments.    The  number  of  post  offices  established  during  the  year  was 1,885 

Number  discontinued 6,111 

Decrease  of  offices 4,220 

Number  of  post  offices  in  operation  on  the  30th  of  June,  1866,  including  suspended  offices 

in  the  Southern  States 29,389 

Total  number  in  operation  on  the  30th  of  Jnne,  18(57 25,163 

Number  of  offices  subject  to  appointment  by  the  President 837 

Number  by  the  Postmaster-General 24,326 

Appointments  made  to  fill  vacancies  by  resignation  of  postmasters 4,065 

By  removals 3,444 

By  change  of  name  and  sites 135 

By  death  of  postmasters 215 

By  establishment  of  new  offices 1,885 

Total  number  of  appointments 9,744 

Number  of  cases  acted  upon 15,960 

Number  of  special  agents 43  Aggregate  compensation $113,590 

Number  of  postal  route  clerks 170  Aggregate  compensation . .  197,500 

Number  of  route  agents 493  Aggregate  compensation 485,100 

Number  of  local  mail  agents 60  Aggregate  compensation 40,358 

Number  of  regular  baggage-masters 48  Aggregate  compensation 8,320 

Number  of  temporary  baggage-masters 56  Aggregate  compensation 3,402 

Number  of  mail  route  messengers 29  Aggregate  compensation 16,060 

Total 899  $859,330 

Postage  Stamps  and  Stamped  Envelopes.  There  were  issued  during  the  year, 
371,599,605  postage  stamps  of  the  value  of  $11,578,607;  44,566,150  plain  stamped  envelopes,  rep 
resenting  $1,290,588.50;  16,662,150  stamped  envelopes  bearing  printed  cards  and  requests,  rep 
resenting  $494,712.50;  and  1,857,750  newspaper  wrappers,  valued  at  $37,155.  The  aggregate 
value  was  $13,401,063.  The  issue  of  postage  stamps  compared  with  the  previous  year  shows 
an  increase  of  about  6.5  per  cent.,  whilst  the  issue  of  stamped  envelopes  increased  almost  61 
per  cent.  The  sales  of  postage  stamps  and  stamped  envelopes  during  the  year  amounted  to 
$12,988.134.32,  leaving  unsold  in  the  hands  of  postmasters,  $412,928.78. 

Contracts  and  Mail  Routes.  There  were  in  the  service  of  the  department  on  the  30th 
June.  1867.  6,376  contractors  for  the  transportation  of  mails.  Of  mail  routes  in  operation  there 
were  7.743;  aggregate  length.  203,245  miles  ;  aggregate  annual  transportation,  78,982,789  miles  ; 
aggregate  annual  cost,  $9.336,286 ;  including  the  compensation  of  postal  railway  clerks,  route 
agents,  local  agents,  mail  messengers,  mail  route  messengers,  and  baggage  masters  in  charge 
of  mails,  $1,020,871,  the  aggregate  annual  cost  was  $10,357,157.  This  service  was  divided  as 
follows,  viz: 

Rattrond  Routes:  Length,  34,015  miles;  annual  transportation,  32,437,900  miles ;  annual  cost, 
$3,812,600;  about  11.75  cents  per  mile. 


1869.]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT.  15  3 

Steamboat  Routes :  Length,  15,094  miles;  annual  transportation,  3,210,740  miles;  annual  cost 
$472,206 ;  about  14.7  cents  per  mile. 

Celerity,  Certainty,  and  Security  Routes:  Length,  153,136  miles;  annual  transportation, 
43,334,149  miles  ;  annual  cost,  $5,051,480;  about  11.65  cents  per  mile. 

The  length  of  routes  was  increased  over  the  preceding  year  22,324  miles ;  the  annual  trans 
portation,  7,141,875;  and  cost,  $1,705,812;  to  which  add  increased  cost  for  railway  postal  clerks, 
route,  local,  and  other  agents,  $241,161,  makes  an  aggregate  of  $1,946,973. 

Fines  and  Deductions.  The  amount  of  fines  imposed  and  deductions  made  from  the 
pay  of  contractors,  for  failures  and  other  delinquencies  during  the  year,  was  $188,839.46,  and 
the  amount  remitted  for  the  same  period  was  $42,931.79,  leaving  the  net  amount  of  fines  and 
deductions  $145,907.97. 

Mail  Bags.  The  amount  expended  for  mail  bags  was  $80,440,  an  excess  of  $26,812.50  over 
the  expenditure  of  the  previous  year,  but  less  by  $11,275.86  than  that  of  the  year  next  preceding. 

Railway  Postal  Service.  There  are  now  in  operation  in  the  United  States  eighteen 
railway  postal  routes,  extending  in  the  aggregate  over  4,435  miles,  upon  879  miles  of  which 
twice  daily  service  is  performed,  making  a  total  equal  to  5,314  miles  of  railway  postal  service 
daily  each  way.  There  are  employed  in  this  service  160  men,  as  head  clerks,  and  clerks,  at  a 
cost  of  $187,900  per  annum. 

Foreign  Mail  Service.  The  aggregate  amount  of  postage  upon  the  correspondence 
exchanged  with  foreign  countries  was  $2,441,242.52,  an  increase  of  $152,023.22  over  the  previous 
year.  Of  this  amount,  $1,969,605.55  accrued  on  the  correspondence  exchanged  in  the  mails  with 
Great  Britain,  France,  Prussia,  Bremen,  Hamburg  and  Belgium,*  $348,303.88  on  correspond 
ence  exchanged  with  the  British  North  American  provinces,  and  $123,3-33.09  on  mails  transmitted 
to  and  from  the  West  Indies,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America,  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
Japan  and  China.  The  United  States  portion  of  the  postage  on  correspondence  exchanged 
with  Great  Britain  and  the  continent  of  Europe,  amounted  to  $871,223.45 ;  with  the  British 
North  American  provinces,  $196,848.13 ;  and  with  the  West  Indies,  &c.,  $123,333.09,  making  the 
total  United.States  postages  on  foreign  mails,  $1,191,404.67.  The  number  of  letters  exchanged 
with  foreign  countries  (exclusive  of  the  British  North  American  provinces)  was  10,298,234,  of 
which  5,312,401  were  sen^  from,  and  4,985,833  received  in  the  United  States.  Of  this  number 
9,442,111  were  exchanged  with  European  countries,  an  increase  of  877,264  as  compared  with 
the  previous  year.  The  estimated  number  exchanged  with  the  British  provinces  was  2,806,000, 
making  a  total  of  over  13,100,000  letters  exchanged  in  the  mails  with  foreign  countries.  The 
number  of  newspapers  sent  to  foreign  countries,  exclusive  of  the  British  North  American 
provinces,  was  2,956,599,  and  the  number  received,  1,871,710,  making  a  total  of  4,828,482.  Of 
this  number,  4,418,482  were  exchanged  with  European  countries. 

The  cost  of  the  trans-Atlantic  mail  steamship  service  under  the  provisions  of  the  law  allow 
ing  sea  and  inland  postages  to  American,  and  sea  postages  only  to  foreign  steamships  was 
$551,338.01.  The  amount  paid  for  the  transportation  of  mails  to  and  from  the  West  Indies,  was 
$60.711.77.  and  the  amount  paid  for  sea  and  Isthmus  conveyance  of  mails  to  and  from  Central 
and  South  America  via  Panama,  was  $22,956.79 ;  making  a  total  expenditure  for  ocean  trans- 
portation  of  $635,006.57,  exclusive  of  the  payments  made  to  the  Brazil  and  China  lines,  receiv 
ing  subsidies  for  mail  service  under  special  acts  of  Congress. 

Balance  due  Foreign  Post  Departments ;  The  excess  of  postage  collections  in  the  United  States 
On  the  correspondence  exchanged  with  Great  Britain  and  countries  on  the  continent  of  Europe 
was  $564,757.13.  and  the  balance  against  the  United  States  on  adjustment  of  the  international 
postage  accounts  with  those  countries  amounted  to  $357,223.77. 

Dead  Letters.  The  number  of  letters  consigned  to  the  dead  letter  office  during  the  past 
fiscal  year,  was  3.619,062  dead  domestic  letters,  partly  estimated;  443,786  unmailable  letters, 
Chiefly  held  for  non-payment  of  postage  ;  179,4(56  dead  letters  mailed  in  foreign  countries,  and 
64,194  letters  mailed  in  the  United  States,  and  returned  as  "dead"  from  the  foreign  countries 
to  which  they  were  originally  addressed ;  making  a  total  from  all  sources  of  4,306,508,  a  decrease 
of  892,097  letters  from  the  same  total  as  estimated  for  the  previous  year.  The  whole  number 
of  dead  letters,  of  domestic  and  foreign  origin,  and  returned  from  the  local  offices  of  the  United 
States,  was  3,798,528;  a  decrease  of  789,514  as  compared  with  the  returns  of  the  previous  year. 

The  whole  number  of  unmailable  letters  was  443.786,  a  decrease  since  last  report  of  94,337. 
Of  the  number  received,  7.961  letters  were  directed  to  places  having  no  mail  service. 

The  number  of  money  letters  containing  sums  of  one  dollar  and  upwards  was  21,365,  enclos 
ing  $138,365,  of  which  668,  containing  $8,564.56,  were  registered.  There  were  restored  to  owners 
18,577  letters,  containing  $127,135.43. 

The  number  of  money  letters  containing  sums  of  less  than  one  dollar  was  13,770,  enclosing 
$3,369.24 ;  of  these,  10,372  containing  $3,485.09,  were  restored  to  owners. 


154  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  amount  of  money  taken  from  unclaimed  letters  filed  prior  to  July  1, 1867,  was  $19,914.67, 
which,  together  with  $5,159,20  realized  from  the  sale  of  waste  paper,  amounting  to  $25,073,87, 
was  deposited  in  the  treasury. 

The  number  of  letters  enclosing  bills  of  exchange,  checks,  deeds,  and  other  papers,  classed 
as  "minor"  letters,  was  21,262  with  a  nominal  value  of  $5,109,554.48.  Of  this  class  19,991 
letters  were  restored  to  owners. 

The  number  of  letters  enclosing  photographs,  jewelry,  and  other  articles,  classed  as  "  prop 
erty  "  letters,  was  49,386,  of  which  34,892  were  restored  to  owners. 

The  number  of  foreign  letters  returned  unopened  to  the  countries  where  they  originated  was 
186,189,  and  those  received  from  foreign  countries  was  64,194. 

The  number  of  ordinary  letters  remailed  to  writers  was  1,677,875  ;  of  these,  1,421,871,  or  84  per 
cent,  were  delivered.  It  thus  appears  that  of  4,306,508  letters  consigned  to  the  dead  letter  office 
during  the  year,  there  have  been  restored  to  owners  1,611,686 ;  filed  and  held  for  future  dispo 
sition,  18,553 ;  and  returned  to  foreign  countries  186,189,  leaving  a  balance  of  2,490,080  indicative 
of  the  number  that  were  properly  or  unavoidably  destroyed.  Of  these,  about  1,500,000  were 
worthless,  being  mostly  circulars  and  gift  or  lottery  advertisements  ;  256,004  were  sent  out  but 
not  delivered,  leaving  about  1,000,000  without  signatures,  or  so  written  as  to  be  unintelligible. 

In  1859,  there  were  381  dead  letters  to  every  one  thousand  dollars  of  postage  revenue ;  in  1861, 
339 ;  in  1862,  302 ;  in  1863,  246 ;  in  1864,  301 ;  in  1865,  326 ;  in  1866,  347  ;  in  1867,  278. 

Postal  Money  Order  System,  The  whole  number  of  money  order  post  offices  in  ope- 
eration  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  1867,  was  1,224. 

The  number  of  orders  issued  during  the  year  was  474,496  of  the  aggre 
gate  value  of $9,229,327.72 

The  number  paid  was  461,876  of  the  value  of $8,977,874.71 

To  which  is  to  be  added  the  amount  of  orders  repaid  to  purchasers 93,366.02 

9,071,240.73 

Excess  of  issues  over  payments $158,086.99 

The  money  order  business  was  more  than  doubled  the  last  year. 

The  receipts  for  fees  on  money  orders  issued  and  for  premium  received 
on  exchange  were 70,889.57 

The  expenditures  for  commissions  to  postmasters,  clerk  hire,  remittances  lost  in 
the  mails,  and  incidental  expenses  were 44,628.96 

Excess  of  receipts  over  expenditures $26,260.61 

REVENUES  AND  EXPENDITURES  FROM  1854  TO  1868  INCLUSIVE. 

Tears.  Expenditure!.  Revenues.  Deficiencies.  Surplus. 

1854 $8,557,424.12 $6,955,586.22 $l,621,a37.90 

1855 9,968,342.29 7,352,136.13 2,626,206.16 

1856 10,407,868.18 7,620,821.66 2,787,046.50 

1857 11,507,670.16 8,053,951.76 3,453,718.40 

1858 12,721,636.56 8,186,792.86 4,543,843.70 

1859 14,964,493.33 7,968,484.07 6,996,009.26 

1860 14,874,772.89 9,218,067.40 5,656,705.49 

1861 13,606,759.11 9.049,296.40 4,557,462.71 

1862 11,125,364.13 9,012,549.56 2,112,814.57 

1863 11,314,206,84 *11,163,789.59 150,417.25 

1864 12,644,786.20 *12,438,253.78 206,532.42 

1865 13,694,728.28 *14,556,158.70 $861,430.42 

1866 15,352.079.30 *14,386,986.21 965,093.09 

1867 t!8,043,816.79 $16,137,026.87 1,906,789.92 

1868 22,730,592.00 §16,292,600.00 6,437,991.00 


*Not  including  the  standing  treasury  credit  of  $700,000  for  free  matter. 
tNot  including  $1,191,6(56.67  paid  for  service  for  which  special  appropriation  was  made. 
i  Including  $900,000  drawn  under  acts  making  appropriation  for  carrying  free  mail  matter. 
§From  postages  only. 


1869.]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT.  155 

ESTIMATES  FOR  1869. 

The  ordinary  expenditures  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1869,  are  estimated  at $21,200,000 

Add  for  overland  mail  and  marine  service  between  New  York  and  California  .$900,000 

Steamship  service  between  San  Francisco,  Japan,  and  China 500,000 

Steamship  service  between  the  United  States  and  Brazil 150,000 

Steamship  service  between  San  Francisco  and  the  Sandwich  Islands 75,000 

To  supply  a  deficiency  in  service  between  the  United  States  and  Brazil 

in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1866 12,500 

1,637,500 

Making  the  total  estimated  expenditures $22,837,500 

The  ordinary  receipts,  including  the  standing  appropriation  of  $700,000 

for  carrying  free  mail  matter,  are  estimated  at $16,700,000 

Add  amounts  of  special  appropriation  for  California,  China,  and  Brazil 

mails,  and  for  the  deficiency  above  named 1,562,500 

18,262,500 

Showing  an  excess  of  expenditures  of $4,575,000 

Deducting  the  undrawn  balances  of  appropriations  for  the  department, 
amounting  to 2,000,000 

Leaves  the  deficiency  to  be  provided  for  from  the  general  treasury $2,575,000 

APPROPRIATIONS  FOR  SPECIAL  SERVICE. 

Overland  mail  transportation  and  marine  service  between  New  York  and  California. .  .$900,000 

Mail  steamship  service  between  San  Francisco,  Japan,  and  China 500,000 

Mail  steamship  service  between  the  United  States  and  Brazil 150,000 

Deficiency  on  account  of  service  between  the1  United  States  and  Brazil  during  the 

fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1866 12,500 

Mail  steamship  service  between  San  Francisco  and  the  Sandwich  Islands 75,000 

TABLE  OF  MAIL  SERVICE  AND  OF  POSTAL  RECEIPTS  AND  EXPENDITURES 
FOR  THE  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1867,  BY  STATES. 

States  and  Territories.  Length  of  Routes.      Total  Annual  Trans-      Total  Annual  Cost.  Receipts.  Expenses. 

Miles.  portution.— Miles. 

Alabama 4,034 1,137,318 $139,523 $125,968.95 $202,443.08 

Arkansas 4,927 1,052,892 179,491 32.302.63 198,253.78 

California 11,836 2,507,071 592,046 304,932.13 663,497.20 

Connecticut 1,661 1,292,880 120,512 374.696.27 308,122.45 

Delaware 507 278,683 22,809 44,417.23 40,260.13 

Florida 2,685 501,620 51,366 26,974.29 72,163.92 

Georgia 3,660 1,446,843 148,947 191.165.45 267,042.10 

Illinois 9,522 5,254,812 496,434 1,195,305.85 879,188.94 

Indiana 6,890 2,927,970 279,107 432,761.95 523,525.41 

Iowa 7,586 2,709,504 172,139 a31,062.44 331,492.09 

Kansas 5,155 2,219,824 536,091 83,069.76 557,075.16 

Kentucky 6,228 2,145,733 181,026 256,529.62 304,688.03 

Louisiana 4,484 1,207,808 242,462 257,187.38 .  .318,834.17 

Maine 4,408 1,948,102 117,778 290,662.91 268,741.65 

Maryland 2,860 2,132,268 237,099 317,960.34 351,714.81 

Massachusetts 2,538 2,209,425 213,804 1,234,299.29 647,093.58 

Michigan 7,015 2,848,203 236,695 469,739.78 436,295.68 

Minnesota 5,023 1,433,876 122,199 132.211.66 172,948.87 

Mississippi 3,023 1,033,422 140,491 92,460,65 233,497.09 

Missouri 8,521 2,539,357 260,427 458,445.96 555,871.03 

Nebraska 1.284 603,148 77,757 30,770.39 63,872.39 

Nevada 1,271 400,304 124,790 22,550.13 145,021.65 

New  Hampshire 1,920 928,460 64.818 180,827.06 160,044.28 

New  Jersey 2,187 1,483,408 152,428 304,685.00 269,368.33 

New  York 10,882 8,019,531 613,151 3,637,278.72 1,770,314.76 

North  Carolina 6,626 1,446,576 134,323 91,955.33 183,417.64 


156 


Statei  and  Territories. 

Ohio 

Oregon 
Pennsylvania 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
TABLE  OF  MAIL  SERVICE,  &c. —  Continued. 


Length  of  Routes. 
Ml'.es. 

10,792... 
l,'J-i3  ____ 
12,937.  .  . 


Rhode  Island 514... 

2,977... 

4,811... 

...11,0  W... 


South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 2,206. . . 

Virginia 8,129.... 

West  Virginia. 4,288. . . . 

Wisconsin 7,439. . . . 

Arizona 1,540.... 

Colorado 1,026.... 

Dakota..... 1,110.... 

Idaho 280.... 

New  Mexico 1,308. . . 

Utah 2,260.... 

Washington 1,378 — 

District  of  Columbia 


Total  Annual  Transf 
tation — Miles. 

5,841,218.. 

770,380.. 

5,870,614.. 

393,897.. 

916,022.., 

1,449,078.. 

2,458,854.. 

1,228,422.. 

2,478,410.. 

909,057.. 

....2,857,168.. 

....    252,200.. 

....    170,1352.. 

....     331,132.. 

....      41,600.. 

....    210,080.. 

....    885,240.. 

....    210,028.. 


Total  Annual  Cost. 


Receipts. 


.$632,289... 
..360,273... 
..472,440... 
..  24,957... 
..  91,705... 
..135,778... 
..3S9.9S7... 
..101,115... 
..237,458... 
..  67,458... 
..232,898... 
..137,045... 
..  29,320... 
..  87,386... 
..  12,200... 
..121,266... 
..461,116... 
..  83,882... 


.  .$1,068,878.73  . 

28,656.21. 

...1,532,301.39. 

136,874.22. 

96,083.15. 

198,928.01. 

145,483.46. 

171,873.99. 

235,964.30. 

82,342.29. 

387,360.52. 

1,189.92. 

32,580.24. 

4,882.58. 

6,783.47. 

7,462.48. 

15,068.62. 

6,058.87. 


[1869. 


Expense!. 

.$1,073,356.21 
....341,727.52 
..1,0613,459.19 
....  66,400.21 
....123,940.31 
....216,739.57 
....467,897.12 
.,..196,006.84 
....342,284.05 
....138,416.21 
....427,940.52 
...  128,446.43 
....  47,680.73 
. . . .  7,387.58 
....  17,844.37 
....  88,205.26 
....470,769.38 
....  73,076.50 
....  96,228.11 


Statement  showing  operations  and  results  of  foreign  mail  service  for  the  fiscal  year,  ended 
June  30,  1867. 

Postages  on  United  States ^and  European  Nails. 

Name  of  Country.  Aggregate  amount  of  Postage  oft       Amount  of  Postage  on  Mails  Aggregate  amoua* 

MaiU  sent  to  Europe.  received  from  Europe.  of  Postage. 

Great  Britain $559,022.95 $541,246.63 $1,100,269.58 

Prussia 130,301.70 171,912.56 302,214.26 

France 151,982.26 148,140.19 300,122.45 

Bremen ;.......... 101,244.24 

Hamburg 61,548.14. 

Belgium 7,676.02 


53,103.78 154,348.02 

34,243.30 95,791.44 

9,1&3.78 16,859.80 


Total $1,011,755.31 $957,830.24 $1,909,605.55 

Being  an  increase  over  the  amount  reported  for  the  previous  year  of 128,804.63 

Postages  collected  in  the  United  States 1,267,181.34 

Postages  collected  in  Europe 702,424.21 


Excess  of  collections  in  the  United  States $564,757.13 

Number  of  letters  sent  from  the  United  States 4,902,750 

Number  of  letters  sent  from  Europe 4,539,361 

Total 9,442,111 

Being  an  increase  of  877,264  over  the  number  reported  for  the  previous  year. 

Number  of  newspapers  sent  from  the  United  States 2,652,317, 

Number  of  newspapers  received  from  Europe 1,766,165 

Total 4,418,482 

Being  an  increase  of  590,347  over  the  number  reported  for  the  previous  year. 

The  excess  of  postages  on  mails  sent  from  the  United  States  to  different  countries  of  Europe 
over  that  accruing  on  mails  received  from  the  same  countries  was  as  follows : — 

Great  Britain,  $17,776.32 ;  France,  $3,842.07 ;  Bremen,  $48.140.46;  Hamburg,  $27,304.84 ;  total, 
$97,063.69.  The  excess  of  postages  accruing  on  mails  received  over  those  sent,  was  as  follows : 
Prussia,  $41,610.86;  Belgium,  $1,507.76,  total,  $43,118.62. 

The  sea  transportation  of  mails  to  and  from  Europe  was  performed  by  the  following  steam 
ship  lines: 

Conveyed  on  ffirelgn  account,:— Cunard  line,  $785,413.31 ;  French  line,  $55.574.53;  Bremen  line, 
$154,348.02;  Hamburg  line,  $95,791.44;  Belgian  line,  $62.25 ;  total  on  foreign  account,  $1,091,189.55. 


1869.]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT.  157 

Conveyed  on  United  States  account  /—Canadian  line,  $131,952.75;  Dale  line,  $385,227.08; 
Bremen  line,  $106,088.82 ;  Hamburg  line,  $88,266.03  ;  Havre  line ;  $89,197.55 ;  American  Lloyd 
line,  $8,935.58;  Baltimore  line,  $7,562.80;  Continental  Steamship  Company  line,  $1,185.39;  total 
on  American  account,  $878,416.00;  total,  $1,969,605.55. 

RATES  OF  DOMESTIC  POSTAGE. 

The  law  requires  postage  on  all  letters  (including  those  to  foreign  countries  when  prepaid) 
excepting  those  written  to  the  President  or  Vice-President,  or  members  of  Congress,  or  (on 
official  business)  to  the  chiefs  of  the  executive  departments  of  the  government,  and  the  heads 
of  bureaus  and  chief  clerks,  and  others  invested  with  the  franking  privilege,  to  be  prepaid  by 
stamps  or  stamped  envelopes,  prepayment  in  money  being  prohibited.  Postmasters  can  send 
official  letters  to  other  Postmasters  free. 

The  Adjutants  General  of  the  several  States  and  Territories,  are  authorized  to  transmit 
through  the  mails,  free  of  postage,  any  medals,  certificates  of  thanks  or  other  testimonials, 
awarded,  or  which  may  be  awarded  by  the  Legislatures  of  said  States  and  Territories,  to  the 
soldiers  thereof,  under  such  regulations  as  the  Postmaster  General  may  direct. 

All  drop  letters  must  be  prepaid.  The  rate  of  postage  on  drop  letters,  at  offices  where  free 
delivery  by  carrier  is  established,  is  two  cents  per  half  ounce  or  fraction  of  a  half  ounce ;  at 
offices  where  such  free  delivery  is  not  established  the  rate  is  one  cent. 

The  single  rate  of  postage  on  all  domestic  mail  letters  throughout  the  United  States  is  three 
cents  per  half  ounce,  with  an  additional  rate  of  three  cents  for  each  additional  half  ounce  or 
fraction  of  a  half  ounce.  The  ten  cent  (Pacific)  rate  is  abolished. 

Letter  postage  is  to  be  charged  on  all  handbills,  circulars,  or  other  printed  matter  which  shall 
contain  any  manuscript  writing  whatever. 

Daguerreotypes,  when  sent  in  the  mail,  are  to  be  charged  with  letter  postage  by  weight. 

Photographs  on  cards,  paper,  and  other  flexible  material  (not  in  cases)  can  be  sent  at  the 
same  rate  as  miscellaneous  printed  matter,  viz.,  two  cents  for  each  four  ounces  or  fraction 
thereof. 

POSTAGE  ON  TRANSIENT  PRINTED  MATTER. 

[All  printed  matter  (except  single  copies  of  newspapers,  magazines,  and  periodicals  sent  to 
regular  subscribers  from  publishers)  intended  to  go  by  mail  westward  from  the  western  bound 
ary  of  Kansas,  or  eastward  from  the  eastern  boundary  of  California,  must  be  prepaid  by  stamps 
at  letter  postage  rates.  Sec.  259,  P.  O.  Laws,  Edition  of  1866]. 

Books,  not  over  four  ounces  in  weight,  to  one  address,  4  cts. ;  over  four  oz.  and  not  over  eight 
oz.,  8  cts. ;  over  eight  oz.  and  not  over  twelve  oz.,  12  cts. ;  over  twelve  oz.  and  not  over  sixteen 
oz.,  16  cts. 

Circulars,  not  exceeding  three  in  number,  to  one  address,  2  cts. ;  over  three  and  not  over  six, 
4  cts. ;  over  six  and  not  over  nine,  6  cts. ;  over  nine  and  not  exceeding  twelve,  8  cts. 

On  Miscellaneous  Mailable  Matter  (embracing  all  pamphlets,  occasional  publications,  tran 
sient  newspapers,  handbills  and  posters,  book  manuscripts  and  proof-sheets,  whether  corrected 
or  not,  maps,  prints,  engravings,  sheet  music,  blanks,  flexible  patterns,  samples  and  sample 
cards,  phonographic  paper,  letter  envelopes,  postal  envelopes  or  wrappers,  cards,  paper,  plain 
or  ornamental,  photographic  representations  of  different  types,  seeds,  cuttings,  bulbs,  roots 
and  scions)  the  postage  to  be  prepaid  by  stamps,  is,  on  one  package  to  one  address,  not  over 
four  oz.  in  weight,  2  cts. ;  over  four  oz.  and  not  over  eight  oz.,  4  cts. ;  over  eight  oz.  and  not 
over  twelve  oz.,  6  cts. ;  over  twelve  oz.  and  not  over  sixteen  oz.,  8  cts. 

The  weight  of  packages  of  seeds,  cuttings,  roots  and  scions,  to  be  franked,  is  limited  to  thirty- 
two  ounces. 

All  mail  matter  not  sent  at  letter  rates  of  postage,  embracing  books,  book  manuscripts,  proof- 
eheets,  and  other  printed  matter,  and  all  other  mail  matter,  except  seeds,  must  be  so  wrapped 
or  enveloped  with  open  sides  or  ends  as  to  enable  the  postmaster  to  examine  the  package 
without  destroying  the  wrapper,  otherwise  such  packages  must  be  rated  with  letter  postage. 
No  communication,  whether  in  writing  or  in  print,  can  be  sent  with  any  seeds,  roots,  cuttings 
or  scions,  maps,  engravings,  or  other  matter  not  printed,  except  upon  the  separate  payment  of 
postage  upon  each  separate  matter  at  the  established  rates. 

Exchange  newspapers  and  periodicals  cannot  be  remailed  without  being  chargeable  with 
postage. 

Where  packages  of  newspapers  or  periodicals  are  received  at  any  post  office  directed  to  one  ad 
dress,  and  the  names  of  the  club  of  subscribers  to  which  they  belong,  with  the  postage  for  a 
quarter  in  advance,  ehall  be  handed  to  the  postmaster,  he  shall  deliver  the  same  to  their  respec- 


153  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

live  owners.  But  this  does  not  apply  to  weekly  newspapers  which  circulate  free  in  the  county 
where  printed  and  published. 

Weekly  newspapers  and  all  other  printed  matter  to  the  British  North  American  Provinces, 
although  sent  from  countries  bordering  on  the  line,  are  chargeable  with  the  same  rates  as  when 
eent  to  any  point  in  the  United  States. 

All  transient  matter  must  be  prepaid  by  stamps.  But  if  it  conies  to  the  office  of  delivery  without 
prepayment,  or  short-paid,  the  unpaid  postage  must  be  collected  on  delivery  at  the  prepaid  rate. 

FOREIGN  LETTERS,  &c. 

Letters  to  foreign  countries,  where  prepayment  of  postage  is  compulsory,  when  insufficiently 
paid,  are  sent  to  the  Dead  Letter  Office,  to  be  opened  and  returned  to  tile  writers,  and  are  there 
by  delayed  one  or  two  mails. 

When  the  United  States  official  postage  entries  on  the  letters  received  from  Great  Britain  or  the 
Continent  of  Europe,  are  in  red  ink,  the  letter  is  to  be  considered  as  paid,  when  in  black  ink, 
as  unpaid. 

Unpaid  and  insufficiently  paid  letters,  to  or  from  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  or  to  or  from  the 
North  German  Union  (including  Austria  and  its  States),  the  Netherlands,  Belgium,  Italy  and 
Switzerland,  are  chargeable  with  a  fine  on  delivery,  in  addition  to  the  postage,  when  sent  or 
arriving  either  by  North  German  Union  mail  direct,  or  in  closed  mail  via  England.  In  the  case 
of  such  letters  arriving  in  the  United  States,  the  fine  isftvc  cents  on  each  letter.  This  is  marked 
on  the  letters  at  the  various  exchange  offices,  and  collected  at  the  offices  of  delivery. 

Registering  Foreign  Letters. — Letters  can  be  registered  in  the  LTnited  States  for  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  for  the  North  German  Union,  (including  all  the  German  States  and  Austria),  and 
for  all  of  the  countries  and  places  reached  via  the  North  German  mails,  except  the  following 
places  in  Turkey;  Alexandretta,  Latakia,  Mersina,  Retimo  and  Tripoli;  also  for  Belgium,  the 
Netherlands,  Italy  and  Switzerland.  Letters  to  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick  and 
Prince  Edward's  Island  can  be  registered,  but  not  to  Newfoundland.  Letters  can  be  registered 
(by  British  mail,  via  England)  to  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Ceylon,  Constantinople,  East  Indies, 
Egypt  (viz. :  Alexandria,  Cairo  and  Suez),  Falkland  Islands,  Gambia,  Gibraltar,  Gold  Coast, 
Hong  Kong,  Java,  Lagos,  Labuan,  Liberia,  Malta,  Mauritius,  Natal,  New  South  Wales,  Queens 
land,  St.  Helena,  Sierra  Leone,  South  Australia,  Tasmania,  Victoria  and  Western  Australia,  on 
payment  of  a  registration  fee  (in  stamps)  of  sixteen  cents.  This  is  in  addition  to  the  postage, 
which  must  be  fully  prepaid  by  stamps. 

The  registry  fee  to  be  charged  on  registered  letters  and  other  postal  packets  to  Germany,  (aa 
well  as  on  letters  to  all  countries  and  places  reached  via  the  North  German  mails,  except  the 
places  in  Turkey  mentioned  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  and  except  also  the  Papal  States  and 
Egypt,)  to  Austria  and  its  States,  or  to  Belgium  and  The  Netherlands,  via  North  German  Union, 
direct  or  by  closed  mail,  via  England,  and  to  Italy  and  Switzerland  by  closed  mail  via  England, 
is  eight  cents,  and  on  letters  to  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick  and  Prince  Edward's  Island, 
it  tefive  cents  —  on  letters  and  other  postal  packets  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  eight  cents. 
No  other  postal  packets  than  letters  can  be  sent  registered  beyond  North  Germany.  The  regis 
tration  fee  on  letters  to  the  Papal  States  via  North  German  Union  is  twelve  cents  per  half  ounce — 
to  Egypt,  twenty  cents  each.  All  registered  letters  and  other  postal  packets  must  be  prepaid 
in  full  to  destination. 

RATES  OF  POSTAGE  ON  PRINTED  MATTER  FOR  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

1.  To  or  from  France,  Algeria,  &c..  In  French  Mall  or  ma  England. — Newspapers,  periodical 
works,  books  stitched  or  bound,  pamphlets,  catalogues,  papers  of  music,  prospectuses,  circu 
lars,  and  all  other  kinds  of  printed  matter  addressed  to  France,  Algeria,  or  cities  of  Turkey, 
Syria  and  Egypt,  in  which  France  has  post  offices  [viz. :  Alexandria,  Alexandretta,  Beyrout, 
Constantinople,  Dardanelles,  Galatz,  Gallipoli,  Ibraila,  Ineboli,  Jaffa,  Kerassund,  Latakia,  Mes- 
flina,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  Mitylcne,  Rhodes,  Salonica,  Samsoun,  Smope,  Smyrna,  Sulino,  Treb- 
izond,  Tripoli,  in  Syria,  Tultcha,  Varna  and  Volo],  can  be  dispatched  to  France  direct,  or  by 
way  of  England,  on  prepayment  of  the  following  postage,  viz. :  newspapers,  two  cents  each  ; 
books,  periodical  works,  catalogues  or  pamphlets,  four  cents  per  four  ounces  or  fraction  thereof; 
to  be  In  all  cases  collected  in  the  United  States,  whether  sent  or  received.    Franco  in  like  man 
ner  collects  its  own  postage  on  all  kinds  of  printed  matter,  whether  sent  or  received. 

2.  To  or  from  the  North  German  Union  (Including  all  the  German  States  and  Austria),  and  to 
or  from  Belgium  and  the  Netherlands,  by  Closed  Mall  via  England.— Newspapers  4  cents  each, 
if  not  exceeding  four  ouncos  in  weight,  and  an  additional  rate  of  four  rents  for  each  additional 
weight  of  four  ounces  or  fraction  thereof;  prepayment  required.    Book  packets,  prints  of  all 


1869.]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT.  159 

kinds,  and  patterns  or  samples,  8  cents  per  four  ounces  or  fraction  thereof;  prepayment  required. 
If,  however,  the  postage  on  any  article  shall  be  insufficiently  prepaid,  it  will  be,  nevertheless 
forwarded  to  its  destination,  charged  with  the  deficient  postage,  and  also  subject  to  a  fine  on 
delivery. 

3.  To  or  from  Italy  and  Switzerland,  by  Closed  Mail,  via  England,  Belgium  and  Germany.— 
The  rates  and  conditions  on  newspapers,  book  packets,  prints  of  all  kinds,  and  patterns  or 
eamples,  are  the  same  as  the  above,  (paragraph  2). 

4.  To  or  from  the  North  German  Union  (including  all  the  German  States  and  Austria),  by  direct 
Mail  via  Bremen,  or  Hamburg.— Newspapers,  if  not  over  4  ounces  in  weight,  3  cents  each,  and 
if  over  4  ounces  an  additional  3  cents  for  each  additional  weight  of  4  ounces  or  fraction  thereof; 
prepayment  required.    Book  packets,  prints,  patterns  and  samples,  6  cents  per  four  ounces  or 
fraction  thereof;  prepayment  required.    But  unpaid  or  part  paid  letters  and  other  articles  insuf 
ficiently  prepaid  will  be  forwarded,  charged  with  the  deficient  postage,  and  subject  to  a  fine  on 
delivery.    The  registration  fees  on  registered  letters  or  other  postal  packets  is  8  cents  to  all  the 
above  mentioned  countries ;  prepayment  of  postage  and  fee  compulsory. 

The  above  rates  (paragraphs  2,  3  and  4)  are  in  full  to  destination ;  and  no  charge  is  to  be  made 
on  the  delivery  of  newspapers,  book  packets  or  samples  arriving  from  Germany,  Austria,  Bel 
gium,  The  Netherlands,  Italy  or  Switzerland,  by  the  above  mails,  except  the  deficient  postage 
or  fine  on  such  matter  when  insufficiently  prepaid. 

REGULATIONS  WITH  RESPECT  TO  NEWSPAPERS,  BOOK  PACKETS,  PATTERNS, 
SAMPLES,  &c.,  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

1.  Newspapers  and  other  Printed  Matter.— Newspapers,  circulars,    pamphlets,   periodicals, 
books  or  other  printed  papers,  (including  maps,  plans,  prints,  engravings,  drawings,  photo 
graphs,  lithographs,  sheets  of  music,  &c.),  must  be  wrapped  or  enveloped  in  covers  open  at  the 
sides  or  ends,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  inclosures  being  removed  for  examination. 

No  newspaper,  pamphlet,  periodical,  or  article  of  printed  matter,  may  contain  any  word  or 
communication,  whether  by  writing,  printing,  marks  or  signs,  upon  the  cover  or  wrapper  there 
of,  except  the  name  and  address  of  the  person  to  whom  it  is  sent,  the  printed  title  of  the  publi 
cation,  the  printed  name  of  the  publisher  or  vendor  who  sends  it ;  or,  in  case  of  newspapers  or 
other  regular  publications,  when  sent  to  subscribers  direct  from  the  office  of  publication,  the 
printed  date  when  subscription  expires.  It  must  not  contain  a  letter  or  any  communication  in 
writing,  or  other  inclosure. 

The  law  and  regulation  of  this  department  which  excludes  all  obscene  books,  pamphlets,  pic. 
tnres,  prints,  or  other  publications  of  a  vulgar  or  indecent  character  from  the  mails  of  the 
United  States,  are  also  to  be  enforced  with  respect  to  books,  pamphlets,  pictures,  prints,  or 
other  publications  of  like  character,  addressed  to  foreign  countries. 

2.  Book-PacMs.—No  book-packet  may  contain  anything  that  is  sealed  or  otherwise  closed 
against  inspection,  nor  must  there  be  any  letter,  nor  any  communication  of  the  nature  of  a 
letter,  whether  separate  or  otherwise,  unless  the  whole  of  such  letter  or  communication  be 
printed.    But  entries  merely  stating  from  whom  or  to  whom  the  packet  is  sent  shall  not  be  re 
garded  as  a  letter. 

No  book-packet  must  exceed  two  feet  in  length,  or  one  foot  in  width  or  depth. 

Any  book-packet  which  is  not  open  at  the  sides  or  ends,  or  has  any  letter,  or  communication 
in  the  nature  of  a  letter,  written  in  it,  or  upon  its  cover,  cannot  be  received  or  forwarded  in 
the  mail ;  and  it  is  the  duty  of  postmasters,  whenever  they  have  ground  for  suspecting  an  in 
fringement  of  any  of  the  above  conditions,  to  open  and  examine  book-packets,  patterns,  sam 
ples,  or  other  postal  packets,  posted  at  or  passing  through  their  offices. 

3.  Pattern*  or  Sample*  of  Merchandise. — Patterns  or  samples  of  merchandise  must  not  be  of 
intrinsic  value ;  which  rule  excludes  from  the  mails  all  articles  of  a  saleable  nature,  or  what 
ever  may  have  a  market  value  of  its  own  apart  from  its  mere  use  as  a  pattern  or  sample ;  or 
where  the  quantity  of  any  material  sent  ostensibly  as  a  pattern  or  sample  is  so  great  that  it 
could  fairly  be  considered  as  having  on  this  ground  an  intrinsic  value. 

No  packet  of  patterns  or  samples  must  exceed  24  inches  in  length  or  12  inches  in  breadth  or 
depth  or  24  ounces  in  weight.  Patterns  or  samples  of  merchandise  exceeding  the  weight  of 
7  1-2  ounces  cannot  be  sent  by  mail  to  the  North  German  Union. 

Patterns  or  samples  must  not  bear  any  writing  other  than  the  addresses  of  the  persons  for 
whom  they  are  intended,  except  the  address  of  the  sender,  a  trade  mark  and  numbers,  and  the 
prices  of  the  articles. 

There  must  be  no  enclosures  other  than  the  patterns  or  samples  themselves.  The  particulars 
allowed  to  be  furnished  under  the  preceding  paragraph  must  in  all  cases  be  given,  not  on  loose 


160  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

pieces  of  paper,  but  on  small  labels  attached  to  the  patterns  or  samples,  or  the  bags  containing 
them.  Patterns  or  samples  must  be  sent  in  covers  open  at  the  ends,  so  as  to  be  of  easy  exam 
ination.  Samples,  however,  of  seeds,  etc.,  which  cannot  be  sent  in  open  covers,  may  be  en 
closed  in  bags  of  linen  or  other  material,  fastened  in  such  a  manner  that  they  may  be  readily 
opened  for  examination.  Patterns,  samples  or  other  packets  containing  liquids,  poisons, 
explosive  chemicals,  or  other  articles  likely  to  injure  the  contents  of  the  mail-bags,  or  the  per 
eon  of  any  officer  of  the  post  office,  are  positively  excluded  from  the  mails. 

UNITED  STATES  EXCHANGE  OFFICES  FOR  FOREIGN  MAILS. 

New  York  is  an  office  of  Exchange  for  British,  French,  North  German  Union,  Italian,  Swiss, 
Belgian  and  Netherlands  Mails. 

Boston  is  an  office  of  Exchange  for  British,  French,  North  German  Union,  Belgian  and 
Netherlands  Mails. 

Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  are  offices  of  Exchange  for  British  and  French  Mails. 

Chicago,  Portland  and  Detroit  are  offices  of  Exchange  for  British,  French  and  North  German 
Union  Mail!?. 

San  Francisco  is  an  office  of  Exchange  for  British  Mails  only. 

TABLE  OF  POSTAGES  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

The  Asterisk  (*)  indicates  that  in  cases  where  it  is  prefixed,  unless  the  letter  be  registered, 
prepayment  is  optional ;  in  all  other  cases,  prepayment  is  required. 

a. — When  the  letter  a  is  prefixed,  the  foreign  postage  (which  in  each  case  is  12  cents)  is  in 
creased  by  an  additional  rate  for  every  7|  grammes  (\  oz.)  or  fraction  thereof.  The  United 
States  inland  and  Atlantic  sea  postage  (which  in  each  case  is  10  cents  the  single  rate)  is  increased 
by  an  additional  rate  for  every  15  grammes  (\  oz.)  or  fraction  thereof. 

ft.— Where  the  letter  b  is  prefixed,  an  additional  rate  is  to  be  added  to  the  foreign  portion  of 
the  postage  for  each  4  ounces  or  fraction  thereof,  if  the  newspaper  exceeds  4  ounces  in  weight. 
The  foreign  postage,  in  each  case,  is  ascertained  by  deducting  from  the  amount  set  down  the 
sum  of  2  cents,  which  is  the  United  States  portion  of  the  postage  on  a  single  newspaper,  regard 
less  of  weight.  In  all  other  cases,  the  postage  is  for  each  newspaper  without  regard  to  its 
weight,  when  sent  in  British  mail. 

c.— The  book  and  pattern  post  to  Egypt  via  British  mail  extends  only  to  Alexandria,  Cairo 
and  Suez. 

d.— Registration  to  Egypt  by  British  mail  extends  to  Alexandria,  Cairo  and  Suez  only. 

e. — The  rates  of  postage  on  Printed  Matter  to  the  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay  and  Paraguay, 
by  the  direct  lines  of  American  and  French  mail  packets,  via  Rio  de  Janiero,  (Brazil),  are  as 
follows : 

Newspapers,  pamphlets  and  periodicals  weighing  1  oz.  or  under 4c. 

Weighing  over  1  oz.  and  not  over  2  oz 6c. 

"  "    2oz.        "          "    3oz 7c. 

"  "    3oz.        "          u    4oz 8c. 

"  "    4oz.        "          "    5oz lie. 

"  "    5oz.        "          "    6oz 13c. 

and  so  on  for  greater  weights,  adding  1  4-10th  cents  for  each  additional  ounce  or  fraction  thereof, 
and  2c.  for  each  additional  weight  of  4  oz.  or  fraction  thereof. 

The  above  rates  cover  the  United  States  and  French  charges  only,  to  or  from  port  of  debark 
ation  or  embarkation  in  countries  of  the  La  Plata. 

p.— The  charge  on  Newspapers  to  Belgium,  The  Netherlands,  the  North  German  Union,  or 
via  the  North  German  Union  to  countries  beyond,  and  to  Italy  and  Switzerland,  increases  a 
Bingle  rate  for  every  four  ounces  of  weight. 

g.— Cannot  be  sent. 

/L— LETTERS  only  can  be  registered. 

i.— 12  cent?  per  15  grammes  (half  ounce). 

fc.— Transient  pamphlets,  magazines  and  periodicals,  two  cents  per  four  ounces.  Domestic 
rates  are  chargeable  to  and  from  the  line  on  all  mail  matter,  except  letters,  to  or  from  British 
North  American  Provinces. 

I.— Letters,  if  unpaid,  or  insufficiently  paid,  are  subject  to  a  fine  on  delivery,  in  addition  to 
the  deficient  postage.  Other  matter  insufficiently  paid  is  also  forwarded  (but  not  if  wholly  un 
paid)  subject  to  a  similar  fine,  when  addressed  to  Germany,  Austria.  Holland,  Belgium,  Swit 
zerland,  or  Italy ;  but  no  other  matter  than  letters  will  be  forwarded  to  Great  Britain  or  Ireland, 
tuilese/My  prepaid. 


1869.] 


POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 


161 


TABLE  OP  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


PRINTS, 

1 

LST 

EKS. 

SAMPLES 

11 

COUNTRIES. 

0 

It 

Not  exceeding  one- 
half  ounce. 

£ 

Book  Packets  and 
Prints  of  all 
kinds  per  four  oz. 

Patterns  or  Sam- 
pies  per  four  oz. 

Reg.  Fee  for  Reg'd 
other  Postal  P 

Acapulco                 

CENTS. 

CENTS. 
10 

CENTS. 

2 

CENTS. 

4 

CENTS. 

CENT*. 

Aden  French  mail                             .                 

30 

00 

"      British  mail  via  Marseilles 

36 

14 

18 

20 

16 

"                 "         via  Southampton  

28 

b  6 

14 

16 

16 

"                 "          via  San  Francisco. 
Africa  —  see  Gambia,  Gold  Coast,  Sierra  Leone,  Liberia 
and  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  Natal. 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  or  Aachen  —  see  Prussia. 
Alexandretta.  French  mail  

*30 

10 
*GO 

2 
2 

8 
4 

8 

Alexandria,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                                       closed  mail  via  England 
by  British  Mail,  via  Southampton  
"          via  Marseilles  
"           by  French  mail 

*30 

*15 
*20 
22 
34 
*00 

8 
9 
4 
b  6 
2 

11 

13 
C12 
Cl4 
4 

11 

13 
c!4 
Cl6 

h    8 

h  8 

Algeria,  French  mail    

*15 

*30 

2 

4 

Altona  —  see  German  States. 
Amsterdam—  see  Holland. 
Auam  (Cochin  China)  via  North  German  Union  direct 
closed  mail 
via  England 
Argentine  Repub.,  Am.  Pk't  23d  each  mo.  from  N.  Y. 
Aspimvall  

'is' 

27 

32 

25 
10 

12 

13 
e 
2 

15 

17 
4 

g 
g 

17 
17 

Australia,  British  mail,  via  Southampton  

22 

6 

14 

10 

16 

"          via  Marseilles 

30 

8 

18 

20 

16 

"         (Br.  Colonies)  via  Panama  

22 

4 

10 

Austria,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
closed  mail  via  England 
Azores  Islands,  French  mail     

*27 

*15^ 
*54 

SI 
41 
2 

62 

81 

4 

& 

8 
8 

Baden,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

6/ 

8 

closed  mail,  via  England 
Bahamas,  by  direct  steamer  from  New  York 

3 

2 

81 
4 

81 

8 

Bakeu  via  North  German  Union  direct 

*13 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

closed  mail,  via  England 
Basel,  or  Basle—  see  Switzerland. 
Batavia,  British  mail,  via  Southampton  

*18 
34 

8 
b  6 

12 
14 

12 
16 

h  8 

u          via  Marseilles  

42 

b  8 

18 

20 

"       French  mail 

30 

60 

Bavaria,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

'  31 

01 

61 

8 

closed  mail,  via  England 
Belgium  

*15l 

41 

41 

Bf 

81- 

g 

8 
8 

Belgrade,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

15 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
bv  French  mail  

*21 

20 
*42 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

Belize  (Br.  Honduras).  Am.  packet  via  New  Orleans.  . 
Berlat,  via  North  German  Union,  direct.   .  . 

10 
*13 

2 

7 

4 
10 

'io' 

ft"  8* 

closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Bermuda,  British  mail,  via  Halifax 

*18 
10 

8 
2 

12 
4 

12 

A  8 

Beyrout  —  see  Turkey. 
Birma-  -see  Burmah. 
Bogota  (New  Granada),  British  mail  via  Aspinwall.  .  . 
Bonvia,  British  mail  via  Panama  .  .  . 

18 
34 

4 
6 

io 

.... 

Borneo,  French  mail 

30 

60 

Botutschany,  via  North  German  Union,  direct.  . 

*13 

7 

10 

io 

h  8 

14                closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Boulogne—  see  France. 
Bourbon,  French  mail  

*30 

*18 
*60 

8 

12 

12 

A  8 

Brazil,  via  England  

34 

4 

a 

g 

"      via  France,  in  French  mail  from  Bordeaux 

*33 

*06 

"     by  Am.  packet  23d  each  month  from  N.  Y..  .  . 
Bremen,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

10 

2 

4 

"ti 

"8 

closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Brunswick—  see  German  States. 

*1« 

41 

8t 

81 

8 

11 


1(32  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

TABLE  OF  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. —  Continued. 


POSTA 

SI    ON 

BOOK  P 

ICKKTB,  ] 

'RINTB, 

1 
Is 

OB 

SAMPLE 

li 

COUNTRIES 

Not  exceeding  one- 
quarter  ounce. 

Not  exceeding  one- 
half  ounce. 

e 

! 

l,{ 

1*1 

m 

ft 

Patterns  or  Sam 
ples  per  four  oz. 

Reg.  Fee  for  Reg'd 
other  Postal  I 

Brussels,  or  Brvxelles—see  Belgium. 
Buenaventura  (N.  Gren.),  British  mail,  via  Aspinwall. 
Buenos  Ayres,  Am.  Pkt.,  23d  each  month  from  N.  Y.  . 
u     "        via  England 

"is" 

CSNTS. 

18 
25 
34 

4 
e 
b  4 

CENTS. 

e 
12 

CENTS. 

14 

CENTS. 

Bukarest  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

*13 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"                                            closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Burgas                                           direct 

*18 
*15 

8 
7 

12 
10 

12 
10 

h  8 
h  8 

"                  closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Burmah,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Caiffa—  see  Turkey. 
Calcutta—  see  East  Indies. 
Canada  (letters  if  unpaid  lOc  per  half  oz  ) 

:::: 

*20 
27 
32 

*6 

8 
12 
13 

2 

12 
15 
17 

k  4 

12 
15 

17 

h  8 
17 
17 

5 

Canary  Islands  via  England        

a22 

34 

b   6 

14 

14 

Canea—  see  Turkey. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  via  England 

34 

4 

12 

14 

16 

Cavallo—  see  Turkey. 
Cape  de  Verde  Islands,  French  mail,  via  Bordeaux  and 

30 

60 

Cartha^ena  N  G    British  mail  via  Aspinwall 

18 

4 

Central  America  Pac  Slope  via  Panama 

10 

2 

4 

Ceylon  British  mail,  via  Southampton  

28 

6 

14 

16 

16 

"                 "           via  Marseilles 

30 

8 

18 

20 

16  • 

30 

60 

Chili  British  mail  via  Panama                       

34 

6 

10 

China  American  packet  via  San  Francisco 

10 

2 

4 

via  North  German  Union,  direct  
closed  mail,  via  Eng. 

30 

27 
32 
60 

12 
13 

15 
17 

g 

0 

17 
17 

except  Hong  Kong,  Br.  mail,  via  Southampton  . 
"                          "       via  Marseilles  
Cochin  China  —  see  Anam. 
Cologne,  or  Coin  —  see  Prussia. 
Constantinople  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

34 
42 

*15 

6 

8 

7 

14 
18 

10 

14 
20 

10 

h  8 

"              "        closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"                via  England  

a22 

*20 
34 

8 
b  6 

12 
14 

12 
16 

h  8 
16 

41                 French  mail 

*30 

*60 

2 

4 

Copenhagen  —  see  Denmark. 
Corsica  French  mail                           

*15 

*30 

Costa  Rica 

10 

2 

4 

Cuba,  direct                           

10 

2 

4 

Curacoa,  British  mail,  via  St.  Thomas  
Cuxhaven  —  see  German  States. 
Czernarroda  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

18 
*15 

4 
7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"                                closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Dardanelles  —  see  Turkey. 
Denmark,  via  No.  German  Union,  di'ct  (if  prepaid,  13c.) 
"                                                closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
(if  prepaid,  18c.) 
Durazzo—  see  Turkey. 
East  Indies,  British  mail,  via  Southampton  

*20 
*16 
*21 

28 
36 

8 
6 

7 

b  6 
b  8 

12 
10 
12 

14 

18 

12 
10 

12 

16 
20 

h  8 
h  8 
h  8 

16 
16 

"              via  North  German  Union,  direct  
closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
[Patterns  and  samples  cannot  be  sent  via  Germany 
to  places  in  East  Indies  not  in  British  possessions]  . 
Ecuador  British  mail  via  Panama 

27 
32 

34 

12 
13 

6 

15 
17 

10 

15 
17 

17 
17 

Edinburgh  —  see  Scotland. 
E^ypt  via  North  German  Union  direct 

*20 

9 

2 

2 

h   8 

u                       "           closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"     British  mail,  via  Southampton  
"                  u         via  Marseilles  

a22' 

*5 
22 
34 

10 
4 
b   6 

4 
Cl2 
c!4 

4 

Cl4 

Icl6 

h  8 

die 

dlG 

POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

TABLE  OF  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. —  Continued. 


1 

LST 

o 

&  SIMPLE 

If 

COUNTRIES. 

Not  exceeding  one- 
quarter  ounce. 

i 

§  . 

II 

P 

£ 
j 

£ 

Book  Packets  and 
Prints  of  all 
kinds  per  four  oz. 

Patterns  or  Sam 
ples  per  four  ox. 

1 

*12£ 

2 

6 

8 

3 

Falkland  Inland"  via  England  

22 

4 

12 

14 

16 

24 

4 

12 

12 

Florence  —  see  Tuscany. 
Fokshan  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

*13 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"           "         closed  mail,  via 
England                                  

*18 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

*15 

*30 

2 

4 

Frankfort,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"               "                  "             '•       closed  mail,  via 
England  
"           French  mail              

*ai 

*1« 

*1W 
*42 

31 
41 

61 

SI 

61 
81 

8 
8 

Galatz  via  North  German  Union  direct 

*13 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

li                 "            u      clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
"      French  mail                  .*  

*30 

*18 
*60 

8 
2 

12 
4 

12 

h  8 

Gallipoli—  see  Turkey. 
Gambia  via  England             

22 

4 

12 

14 

16 

Geneva  —  see  Switzerland. 
Genoa—  see  Sardinian  States. 
German  States  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

*m 

3/ 

61 

62 

8 

"                              u          closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Ghent  —  see  Belgium. 
Gibraltar  via  England 

*1K 
22 

41 
4 

& 
12 

82 

14 

8 
16 

u         French  mail  

2J 

42 

Giurgeno,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"        clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
Gold  Coast,  via  England    

*13 
*18 
22 

7 
8 
4 

10 
12 
12 

10 
12 
14 

h  8 
h  8 
16 

Great  Britain 

*12? 

2 

6 

8 

8 

Greece,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

*18 

9 

12 

12 

h  8 

"                         "        clos.  mail,  yia  Eng. 
"     (small  newspapers  under  2  ounces,  7  cents 
each,  by  direct  mail,  and  8  cents  each  by 
closed  mail  via  England)  . 
"     French  mail 

*30 

*23 
*60 

10 

14 

14 

h  8 

Grevtown  

34 

6 

4 

Guadaloupe,  British  mail  via  St.  Thomas 

18 

4 

4 

Guatemala 

10 

2 

10 

Guiana  (British)  
"     (French  and  Dutch) 

10 

18 

2 

4 

Hamburg,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Havana 

*Wl 
*15l 
10 

& 
41 

2 

ftf 

& 
4 

61 

SI 

8 
8 

Hinrtostan—  see  East  Indies. 
Holland 

*15l 

41 

& 

SI 

8 

Honduras,  (British)  
Hong  Kong,  British  mail,  via  Southampton 

10 
34 

2 
6 

4 
14 

16 

16 

"           via  Marseilles  

42 

8 

18 

20 

16 

Am.  packet,  via  San  Francisco  

10 

2 

Honolulu—  see  Sandwich  Islands. 
Hungary  —  see  Austria. 
Ibraila,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

*13 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
India—  see  East  Indies. 
Indian  Archipelago,  French  mail.  .   . 

30 

*18 

60 

8 
6 

12 

12 

h  8 

Ionian  Islands,  French  mail  

*30 

*60 

Italy,  direct  closed  mail,  via  England  
via  North  German  Union,  direct    . 

*1« 
*14 

41 

7 

& 
10 

81 
10 

8 
h  8 

"               closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"     Frenchman              . 

#21  ' 

*19 
*42 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

(See  also  Roman  or  Papal  States). 
Ireland 

*12/ 

2 

6 

8 

8 

Jamaica—  see  West  Indies. 

1(54  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

TABLE  OP  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. — Continued. 


[1869. 


1 

OB 

SAMPLE 

ERN8 

If 

COUNTRIES. 

i 
§8 

II 

I* 

Not  exceeding  one- 
half  ounce. 

B 

Book  Packets  and 
PrintB  of  all 
kinds  per  four  ot. 

EN 
kj 

|s. 
|1 

Eeg.  Fee  for  Reg'd 
other  Postal  P 

Japan  British  mail  via  Southampton 

34 

g 

14 

14 

via  Marseilles  

42 

8 

18 

18 

"       via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"           closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"       French  mail,  via  Yokohama  

'ao' 

27 
32 
60 

12 
13 

15 

17 

ff 
ff 

17 
17 

"        (to  Yokohama)  by  French  mail  
"       American  packet  via  San  Francisco. 

*30 

*60 
10 

2 
2 

4 

4 

.... 

Java,  British  mail,  via  Southampton  

34 

6  6 

14 

16 

16 

"          via  Marseilles 

43 

b  8 

18 

20 

16 

"     French  mail  

30 

60 

Jerusalem,  via  North  German  Union,  direct.  . 

*15 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"         clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
French  mail  

*30 

*20 
*60 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

Jassy,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

*13 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

u                     u             closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Karikal,  French  mail  

*30 

*18 
*60 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

Kerassund,  French  mail  

*30 

*60 

2 

4 

Labuan,  British  mail,  via  Southampton 

34 

g 

14 

16 

16 

u          via  Marseilles  

42 

8 

18 

20 

16 

Lagos,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

*15 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"            closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"       via  England  

*20 
22 

8 
4 

12 
12 

12 
14 

h  8 
16 

Lauenburg  —  see  German  States. 
'  Lausanne—  see  Switzerland. 
Liberia,  via  England  .   . 

22 

4 

12 

14 

16 

Lombardy  direct  closed  mail  via  England 

*15J 

41 

& 

SI 

8 

via  North  German  Union,  direct.  . 

*14 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"           clos.  ml.,  via  Eng. 
French  mail  

*ki 

*19 

*42 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

London  —  see  England. 
Lubec,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

*10£ 

3? 

6i 

6J 

8 

closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Lucca  direct  closed  mail,  via  England... 

*ia 

*15l 

41 
41 

81 
61 

8Z 

8^ 

8 
8 

"      via  North  German  Union,  direct  

*14 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"      French  mail 

*21 

*19 

*42 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

Luxemburg,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                 "           "       clos.  mail,  via 
England 

*W 
*15l 

& 

41 

Gl 
K 

Gl 

SI 

8 
8 

Lyons—  see  France. 
Madeira,  Island  of,  French  mail  

*27 

*54 

2 

4 

u       via  England  ,  

22 

6 

12 

12 

Mahe,  French  mail  

*30 

*60 

Majorca  French  mail        ".  

21 

42 

Malta  British  mail  via  Southampton 

22 

4 

12 

14 

16 

"             "         u     via  Messina 

22 

44 

8 

14 

16 

16 

"       French  mail  

*30 

*60 

Manilla,  or  Manila  —  see  Philippine  Islands. 
Martinique    British  mail  via  St   Thomas. 

18 

4 

Mauritius,  British  mail,  via  Marseilles  

30 

8 

18 

20 

16 

"        French  mail.                             

30 

60 

Mexico  direct  from  New  York 

10 

2 

4 

Mecklenburg,  via  North  German  Union  direct  
"                                                "        closed  mail, 
via  England.                     .  . 

*1W 

*151 

3Z 
41 

62 

SI 

61 

81 

8 
8 

"     (Strelit/  and  Schwerin),  French  mail  
Meesina    direct  closed  mail,  via  England  

*2i 

*42 
*151 

41 

si 

"& 

"s 

"        via  North  German  Union  direct. 

*14 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

"           "            u     clo.  mail,  via  Eng. 
"        French  mail                       

*21 

*19 
*42 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

21 

42 

Mitylene,  via  North  German  Union  direct  

*15 

7 

io 

io 

\h  8 

POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

TABLE  OF  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. —  Continued. 


165 


COUNTRIES, 

Beg.  Fee  for  Reg'd  Letters  and 
'  other  Postal  Packets. 

LETTKttS. 

OB  SAMPLES. 

fi 

i  s 

ll 

1 

ii 
K  — 

K 

g 
K 

Book  Packets  and 
Prints  of  all 
kinds  per  four  01. 

1  * 

s| 

it 

Mitylene,  via  North  German  Union  direct,  clos.  mail, 

CENTS. 

*20 
*60 
*1« 
*14 
*19 
*42 
*13 
*18 
*60 
34 
42 
60 
34 
25 
22 
*15l 
*14 
*19 
*42 
3 
34 
*15l 

*6 
10 

18 
'  22 
30 
22 
*60 
22 
*60 
10 
*30 

•18 
*23 

*6 

10 
25 

*1« 
*14 
*19 
*42 
34 
42 
60 
34 
34 
42 
60 
*15  ' 
*20 
*13 

C1MT8. 

8 

CENTS. 

12 

CENT8. 

12 

CENTS. 

h  8 

"        French  mail                 .         

*30 

Modena  direct  closed  mail  via  En<r    .. 

ti 

7 
8 

"7" 
8 

ft 

10 
12 

'io' 

12 

81 
10 
12 

"io" 

12 

8 
h  8 
h  8 

h's 
h  8 

"     '  via  North  German  Union  direct 

"                              "             "      clos.  ml.,  via  Eng. 
"       French  mail 

*2i' 

Moldavia  via  North  German  Union  direct 

"                   u            "           "      clos.  ml.,  via  Eng. 
"       French  mail 

*30" 

Moluccas  British  mail  via  Southampton 

b  6 
b  8 

14 

18 

16 

20 

"          via  Marseilles  
"       French  mail 

'36' 

Montevideo  via  England      

b  4 
e 
4 
41 

7 

12 
i 
12 
tf 
10 
12 

12 

'12' 
8f 
10 
12 

"s 

h  8 
h  8 

Morocco,  Am.  Packet  23d  of  each  month  from  N.  Y.  .  . 

18 

Naples  direct  closed  mail,  via  Eng  

"       via  North  German  Union  direct 

"                               "           "       clos.  ml.,  riaEng.. 
"       French  mail      .                 .  .                    

*2i' 

Nassau  N  Prov    by  direct  steamer  from  N  Y. 

I 

2 

2 

4 
6 
8 
4 

"4 

4 
12 

81 

k  4 
k  4 

'ii' 

81 

"ie" 

8 
5 

Natal  via  England  

Netherlands                .                                        

Neufchatel—  see  Switzerland. 
New  Brunswick  (Letters,  if  unpaid,  lOc.  per  half  oz.). 
Newfoundland  (15c  if  over  3  000  miles) 

New  Granada  (except  Aspinwall  and  Panama)  British 
mail  via  Aspinwall                                  .... 

New  South  Wales,  British  mail,  via  Southampton.  .. 
"          via  Marseilles  
"           via  Panama 

14 
18 
10 

'io' 

16 
20 

16 
16 

"           French  mail 

*30 

New  Zealand,  British  mail,  via  Panama  

"           French  mail 

*30 

Nicaragua,  Pacific  Slope,  via  Panama  

2 
2 

8 
9 

2 

2 

e 
41 

7 
8 

4 
4 

11 
13 

k  4 

4 
e 
81 
10 
12 

11 
13 

"81 
10 
12 

h  8 
h  8 

5 

8 

"8 

h  8 
//   8 

Nice  French  mail           

*15 

Norway,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  (letters,  if 
prepaid,  IGc.)  
"              "                              "    clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
Getters,  if  prepaid,  21c.) 
Small  newspapers,  under  2  ounces,  6  cents  each, 
by  direct  mail,  and  7  cents  by  closed  mail, 
via  England. 
Nova  Scotia  (Letters,  if  unpaid,  lOc.  per  half  oz.)  .  . 

Odessa—  see  Russia. 
Ostend  —  see  Belgium. 
Panama 

Paraguay,  Am.  packet,  23d  each  month,  from  N.  Y.  .  . 
Parma,  direct  closed  mail,  via  Eng           

18 

via  North  German  Union  direct 

i 

u     closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
French  mail 

*2i' 

Penan"  British  mail  via  Southampton 

b  6 
b  8 

14 

18 

16 
20 



"          via  Marseilles  

French  mail 

30 

Peru,  British  mail,  via  Panama  

6 
6 
8 

10 
14 
18 

'ii' 

18 

Philippine  Islands,  British  mail,  via  Southampton. 

"            via  Marseilles  . 

"         French  mail 

30 

Philipopolis,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Piatra,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  

7 
8 
7 

10 
12 
10 

10 
12 
10 

h  8 
h  8 
h  8 

166 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER, 


[18G9. 


TABLE  OF  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. —  Continued. 


COUNTRIES. 

1 

£  2 

1 

i 

CENTS. 

A  8 
A  8 
A  8 

8 
8 
A  8 

!A  8 

7i20" 
A  20 

A'S" 
h  8 

OB  SAMPLES. 

i  § 

i1 

I 

£ 

l.i 

m 
*n 

1*1 

W       ** 

ij 

It 

Piatra,  via  No.  German  Union,  clos.  mail,  via  Eng  — 
Plojeschti,  via  North  German  Union  direct 

CBNT8. 

*30" 

CENTS. 

*18 
*13 
*18 
*60 

*10 
*15 
*18 

*33 

*60 
18 
*15 
*20 
22 
022 
*BO 
*54 

*15 
*20 
60 
*  6 

22 

30 
22 

*15 
*20 

*60 

14 
19 
*54 

•18 

*18 
*18 

*23 

*10 
*14 

*19 
*42 
*30 

*15J 

15 
20 
*60 

CENT!. 

8 

7 
8 

3 
4 
5 
6 

12 
10 
12 

6 

8 
8 
10 

12 
10 
12 

6 

8 
8 
10 

'io' 

12 

"ii" 

10 
12 

"                    "       clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
Poland,  French  mail  
"        (Prussian  or  Austrian)    via  North   German 
Union   direct 

"        (Prussian  or  Austrian)  via  North    German 
Union,  closed  mail,  via  England  
"       (Russian)  via  North  German  Union,  direct 
(if  prepaid,  15c.)  
"        (Russian)    via  North  German  Union  closed 
mail,  via  England  (if  prepaid,  20c.)  
Pondicherry,  French  mail  
Porto  Rico,  British  mail,  via  San  Juan 

*30' 

4 
7 
8 
4 
b  6 
2 
2 
b  8 
7 
8 

"io" 

12 

"4" 

4 
14 
10 
12 
4 

Port  Said,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                    "                     "        clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
"         via  British  mail,  via  Southampton.     . 

*30' 

*27 

"                          "           via  Marseilles 

"          French  mail  

Portugal  French  mail 

"       via  England  

Prevesa  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

"          clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
"         French  mail  

*30' 

Prince  Edward's  Island  

2 
81 

41 
6 

8 
4 

7 
8 
2 

7 
8 
2 

7 
8 
5 

6 
2 
41 

8 

k  4 

81 
14 
18 
10 

10 

12 
4 

10 
12 

4 

10 
12 

8 

10 
4 
81 
10 

12 

16 
20 

10 
12 

10 
12 

10 
12 
8 

10 

"si 

10 
12 

5 

8 
8 
16 
16 

A  8 
A  8 

A12i 
A12i 

A  8 
JA  8 
A  8 

A  8 

"s 

A  8 
A  8 

Prussia,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"          clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
Queensland,  British  mail,  via  Southampton 

"           via  Marseilles  

"                    "          via  Panama 

Retimo—  see  Turkey. 
Rhodes,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

"           clos.  mail,  yia  Eng. 
"       French  mail  

*3t)' 

Roman  or  Papal  States,  via  North  German  Union 
direct  

"       clos.  mail,  via  Eng  
"       French  mail. 

*2T 

*2i' 

*15 

Rotterdam—  see  Holland. 
Roumania,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"       clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
Russia,                                     "  direct  (if  prepaid,  15c.) 
"       clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
(if  prepaid  20c.)  .  : 
Sandwich  Islands,  by  mail  from  San  Francisco  
Sardinian  States,  direct  closed  mail,  via  Eng  
via  North  German  Union,  direct.  .  . 
"     clos.  mail,  via 
England.  .  . 
French  mail  

Savoy,  French  mail      .          

2 

41 
31 
41 

7 
8 

2 

4 

81 

81 
10 
12 

6 

81 
01 
81 
10 
12 

8 

8 
8 
8 
8 
A  8 
A  8 

8 

Saxe  Altenburg  —  see  German  States 

Saxe    Coburg-Gotha,  Meinengen   and  Weimar  —  see 
German  States  
Saxony  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
Schleswig-Holstein,  via  North  German  Union,  direct 
"       clos.  ml.,  via  Eng. 
Scio  via  North  German  Union,  direct 

.... 

"                                   clos.  mail,  via  Eng.. 
"           French  mail  
Scotland  

*30' 

1869.]  POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

TABLE  OF  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. — Continued. 


167 


1 

LKTI 

11 

COUNTRIES. 

ij 

11 

*  3- 

Zi 

j  Not  exceeding  one- 
half  ounce. 

£ 

g 
I 

IBook  Packets  and 
Prints  of  all 
kinds  per  four  ox. 

ii 

§  ! 

fi 

Reg.  Fee  for  Be(?'d 
Other  Postal  P 

Scutari  via  North  German  Union  direct 

15 

7 

10 

CENTS. 
10 

CENTS. 

h  8 

"           clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 

30 

20 
60 

8 

12 

12 

h  8 

Servia,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                                   clos.  mail,  via  Eng. 
"       (except  Belgrade),  French  mail,  via  Austria  .  . 
Shanghai  —  see  China. 
Siam  British  mail  via  Southampton  

'si' 

15 

20 
42 

34 

7 
8 
2 

b  6 

io 

12 
4 

14 

10 
12 

16 

h  8 
h  8 

"         via  Marseilles 

42 

b  8 

18 

20 

"       via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"    clos.  mail,  via  Eng  
Sicilies  (The  Two)  direct  closed  mail,  via  Eug 

27 
32 
*15l 

12 
13 

41 

15 
17 

81 

15 

17 
81 

17 
17 

9 

via  North  German  Union,  direct. 
"       clos.  mail,  via  Erig. 
"               "        French  mail 

*2l 

*14 
*19 
*42 

7 
8 

10 
12 

10 
12 

h  8 
h  8 

Sierra  Leone,  via  England  
Singapore  British  mail  via  Southampton 

22 
34 

4 
b  6 

•12 
14 

14 
16 

16 

via  Marseilles  

42 

b   8 

18 

20 

"         French  mail               

30 

60 

"            "           San  Francisco. 
Smyrna,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"    closed  mail,  via  Eng.  . 
"           French  mail  

*30' 

8 
*15 
*20 
*60 

8 
7 
8 
2 

2 

10 
12 
4  • 

10 
10 
12 

A  8 
h  8 

Sophia  —  see  Turkey. 
Spain  French  mail 

21 

42 

u        via  England  
44        open  mail 

a  22 

34 
10 

b  6 
2 

14 

14 

.... 

St.  Helena,  via  England  

34 

4 

12 

14 

16 

St.  Johns  —  see  New  Brunswick. 
St.  Petersburg  —  see  Russia. 
St.  Thomas,  via  Am.  pkt.  23d  each  month  from  N.  Y. 
Stockholm  —  see  Sweden. 
Strasbourg—  see  France. 
Sumatra,  British  mail,  via  Southampton  

10 
34 

2 

b   6 

4 
14 

16 

via  Marseilles 

42 

b   8 

18 

20 

"        French  mail  

30 

60 

Sweden,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  (if  prepaid, 

16C  ) 

*18 

8 

11 

U 

h  8 

"       via  North  German  Union,  closed  mail,  via 
England,  (if  prepaid,  21c.) 

*23 

9 

13 

13 

A  8 

"        (Small  newspapers  under  2  ounces,  6  cents 
each  by  direct  mail,  and  7  centa  each   by 
closed  mail,  via  England). 
Switzerland,  direct  closed  mail,  via  England    . 

*15l 

41 

81 

81 

8 

"           French  mail  

*21 

*42 

Sydney—  see  New  South  Wales. 
Syria,  French  mail  

30 

60 

2 

4 

Tan<ners,  French  mail    .  . 

*30 

*60 

Tasmania  —  see  Van  Dieman's  Land. 
Tultcha—  see  Turkev. 
Tunis,  French  mail  !  

30 

60 

2 

4 

TURKEY  (European  and  Asiatic),  Letters  for  Adriano- 
ple,    Antivari,    Beyrout,    Burgas,   Caiffa,    Cavallo, 
Candia.  Canea,  Constantinople,  Czernarroda,  Dar 
danelles,  Durazzo,  Gallipoli,  Jaffa,  Janina,  Jerusa 
lem,  Ineboli,  Kustendji.  Laixos,  Larnica,  Mitylene, 
Philipopolis,  Prevesa,  Rhodes,  Rustchuck,  Salon- 
tea,  Samsoun,  Seres.  Sinope,  Smyrna,  Sophia,  Su- 
lina,  Tenedos,  Trebizond,  Tchesme,  Tultcha,  Va- 
lona,  Varna  and  Volo,  via  North  German  Union, 
direct       

*15 

7 

10 

10 

h  8 

u                  "                 u        (closed  mail,  via  Eng.) 

*20 

8 

12 

12 

A  8 

168  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

TABLE  OP  POSTAGE  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. —  Continued. 


[1869. 


1 

LETT 

OB 

II 

COUNTRIES. 

:  Not  exceeding  one- 
i  quarter  ounce. 

L 

•S  g 

1  § 

P 

6 

to 

Book  Packets  and 
Prints  of  all 
|  kinds  per  four  oz. 

1  Patterns  or  Sam- 
j  pies  per  four  oz. 

Reg.  Fee  for  Reg'd 
other  PoaUl  ¥ 

All  other  points  in  Turkey  (European  or  Asiatic)  ex 
cept  Alexandretta,  Latakia,  Mersina,  Retimo  and 
Tripoli,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                 "                 "          closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Turkey  in  Europe,  cities  of,  except  as  herein  men 
tioned  bv  French  mail,  via  Austria  

CENTS. 

*21 

15 
20 

*42 

7 
8 

10 
12 

10 
12 

CENTS. 

h  8 
h  8 

Turk's  Island                                            

10 

2 

4 

Tuscany    direct  closed  mail  via  England 

*15Z 

41 

8J 

& 

8 

"       via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                   "       closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
"       French  mail 

*2l' 

*14 
*19 
*42 

7 
8 

10 
12 

10 
12 

h  8 
h  8 

Uruguay,  by  Am.  pkt.  23d  each  month  from  N.  Y  — 
Valona—  see  Turkey. 
Valparaiso  —  see  Chili. 
Vancouver's  Island                               .  .      .           .... 

18 

25 
10 

2 

e 
k  4 

Van  Dieman's  Land  or  Tasmania,  British  mail,  via 
Southampton   

22 

6 

14 

16 

1H 

"                "           British  mail,  via  Marseilles  
French  mail 

30 

30 
00 

8 

18 

20 

16 

"               "           via  Panama  

22 

6 

10 

Varna  —  see  Turkey. 
Venetian  States,  direct  closed  mail,  via  England  

*15f 

41 

8^ 

& 

8 

via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"                        "                 "    cl.  ml.,  via  Eng. 
"           French  mail 

*'2l 

*14 
*19 
*42 

7 
8 
2 

10 
12 

10 
12 

h  8 
h  8 

Venezuela,  by  American  Venezuelan  packet  

10 

3 

8 

Vera  Cruz  —  sec  Mexico 

Victoria  (Port  Philip),  British  mail,  via  Southampton 
"                                                     via  Marseilles  .  .  . 
French  mail      

*30 

22 

30 
*60 

6 

8 

14 

18 

16 
20 

16 
16 

"               "            via  Panama 

22 

Vienna,  or  Wien  —  see  Austria. 
Volo—  see  Turkey. 
Wales  

*12 

2 

6 

8 

8 

West  Indies  (Brit,  and  Dan.),  Am.  pkt.  23d  of  each 
month  from  N.  Y  
"             (British)    Brit,  mail,  via  St.  Thomas  .  .  . 

10 
10 

2 
2 

4 

"             (not  British),              "           "           

18 

4 

Wallachia,  via  North  German  Union,  direct. 

*13 

7 

10 

io 

h  8 

"                                       "    closed  mail,  via  Eng. 
Wurtemberg,  via  North  German  Union,  direct  
"    closed  mail,  via  Eng 
"           French  mail 

*2i 

*18 

noi 

*15l 
*42 

8 
& 

41 

12 

(Jl 
81 

12 

w 
& 

>h  8 

8 
8 

Yanaon,  French  mail  

*30 

*60 

Zurich—  see  Switzerland. 

The  Poet  Office  Department,  in  a  circular,  dated  Nov.  14, 1868,  announced  the  following  addi 
tional  regulations  in  regard  to  postage  on  correspondence  for  Egypt,  forwarded  via.  North  Ger 
man  Union  and  Trieste : 

By  Direct  Mail  to  Hamburg  or  Bremen.  Letters,  per  each  15  grammes  (\  ounce),  for  Alexan 
dria,  15  cents ;  Lower  and  Middle  Egypt  (excluding  Alexandria),  20  cents— prepayment  optional ; 
Upper  Egypt,  20  cents— prepayment  compulsory.  On  printed  matter  and  samples  of  merchan 
dise—for  Alexandria:  Newspapers,  8  cents,  and  book-packets  and  samples  of  merchandise,  11 
cents  per  each  4  ounces— prepayment  compulsory.  Small  newspapers,  not  exceeding  2  ounces 
in  weight,  6  cents ;  Lower,  Middle  and  Upper  Egypt,  newspapers,  9  cents,  and  book-packets 
and  samples  of  merchandise,  12  cents  per  each  four  ounces  or  under — prepayment  compulsory. 
Small  newspapers,  not  exceeding  2  ounces,  7  cents. 

By  North  German  Union  closed  Mail  through  England.  By  this  route,  there  is  an  addition  to 
the  above  rates  of  5  cents  for  each  letter  per  15  grammes  (J  ounce) ;  1  cent  additional  on  news 
papers  per  each  4  ounces  or  under ;  and  2  cents  additional  on  book-packets  and  samples. 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  1(39 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

This  department  was  established  by  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  March 
3,  1849.  To  its  supervision  and  management  are  committed  the  following 
branches  of  the  public  service : 

1st.  The  Public  Lands. — Its  head  is  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office.  The  Land  Bureau  is  charged  with  the  survey,  management,  and  sale 
of  the  public  domain,  the  revision  of  Virginia  military  bounty-land  claims, 
and  the  issuing  of  scrip  in  lieu  thereof. 

2nd.  Pensions. — The  Commissioner  of  this  bureau  is  charged  with  the  ex 
amination  and  adjudication  of  all  claims  arising  under  the  various  and 
numerous  laws  passed  by  Congress,  granting  bounty  land  or  pensions  for 
the  military  or  naval  service  in  the  revolutionary  and  subsequent  wars. 

3d.  The  Indian  Office  has  charge  of  all  matters  connected  with  the  Indians. 

4th.  The  Patent  Office  is  charged  with  the  performance  of  all  "  acts  and 
things  touching  and  respecting  the  granting  and  issuing  of  patents  for  new 
and  useful  discoveries,  inventions,  and  improvements." 

The  Department  of  the  Interior  has,  besides,  the  supervision  of  the  ac 
counts  of  the  United  States  marshals  and  attorneys,  and  of  the  clerks  of  the 
United  States  Courts,  and  the  management  of  the  lead  and  other  mines  of 
the  United  States ;  the  duty  of  taking  and  returning  the  censuses  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  n.anagement  of  the  affairs  of  public  institutions  in 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

CHIEF  OFFICERS  IN  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 
[Corrected  at  the  Department,  October,  1868.] 

Secretary  of  the  Interior ORVILLE  H.  BROWNING $8,000 

Assistant  Secretary WM.  T.  OTTO 3,500 

Chief  Clerk JOHN  C.  Cox 2,200 

Disbursing  Clerk  and  Superintendent JOHN  R.  GOODWIN 2,000 

Commissioner  of  General  Land  Office JOSEPH  S.  WILSON 3,000 

Chief  Clerk M.  E.  N.  HOWELL 2,000 

Recorder J.  N.  GRANGER 2,000 

Surveyors  of  Public  Lands: 

Recorder  of  Land  Titles,  St.  Louis FRED  MOSBERGER 2,000 

District  of  Minnesota LEVI  NUTTING 2,000 

District  of  California SHERMAN  DAY 4,500 

District  of  New  Mexico BENJ.  C.  CUTLER 3,000 

District  of  Dakota WM.  TRIPP 2,000 

District  of  Nevada ANSON  P.  K.  SAFFORD 3,000 

District  of  Idaho LAFAYETTE  CARTEE 3,000 

District  of  Colorado W.  H.  LESSIG 3,000 

District  of  Oregon E.  L.  APPLEGATE 3,500 

District  of  Kansas HIRAM  S.  SLEEPER 3.000 

District  of  Washington  Territory SELUCIUS  GARFIELD 3,000 

District  of  Nebraska  and  loiva P.  W.  HITCHCOCK 2,000 

District  of  Montana SOLOMON  MEREDITH 3,000 

Surveyor  General  of  Utah JOHN  A.  CLARKE 

Commissioner  of  Patent  Office ELISHA  FOOTS 4,500 

Chief  Clerk JAMES  S.  GRINNELL 2,500 

Disbursing  Clerk HUGH  MCCORMACK 1.800 

Examiners  in  Chief SILAS  H.  HODGES 3,000 

B.  F.  JAMES 3,000 

3,000 
1,800 
3,000 

Chief  Clerk. .'. ~ CHARLES  E.  Mix 2,000 

Superintendents  of  Indian  Affairs; 

Northern  Superintendency H.  B.  DENMAN 2,000 

Central  THOMAS  MURPHY 2,000 

Southern  "  L.  NEWTON  ROBINSON 2,000 

Utah  "  F.  H.  HEAD 2,000 

New  Mexico         "  . .  .L.  E.  WEBB 2,000 


SAMUEL  C.  FESSENDEN. 

Librarian GEORGE  C.  SCHAEFFER. 

Commissioner  of  Indian  Office NATH.  G.  TAYLOR 


California 

Arizona,  

Nevada  

Commissioner  of  Pension  Office 

Chief  Clerk 

Chief  Clerk  Census  Office 

Superintendent  of  Hospital  for  Insane 

Clerk 

Congressional  Printer 


170  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Superintendents  of  Indian  A  fairs: 

Oregon  Superintendent I.  W.  P.  HUNTINOTON $2,500 

Wellington       "             THOMAS  J.  MCKENNY 2,500 

BILLINGTOX  C.  WHITING 3,600 

GEORGE  W.  DENT 2,000 

II.  G.  PARKER 2,000 

C.  C.  Cox 3.000 

H.  C.  LAUCK 2,000 

JAMES  S.  WILSON 2.000 

C.  II.  NICHOLS,  M.  I) 2,500 

GEORGE  KELLOGG 1.200 

JOHN  D.  DEFREES 3,000 

Clerk WILLIAM  TOWERS 1,000 

1.     PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  Land  Bureau  was  first  established  in  1812  as  an  office  in  the  Treasury 
Department,  but  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior  in  1859. 

The  public  Lands  that  have  belonged,  and  now  belong,  to  the  General 
Government  are  situated  as  follows :  1st. — Within  the  limits  of  the  United 
States,  as  defined  by  the  treaty  of  1783,  and  which  are  embraced  by  the 
States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota,  all 
formed  out  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  as  conveyed  with  certain  re 
servations  to  the  United  States  by  New  York,  in  1781,  by  Virginia,  in  1784, 
by  Massachusetts,  in  1785,  and  by  Connecticut,  in  1786  ;  also  the  lands 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  States  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama  north  of 
the  31°  North  Latitude,  as  conveyed  to  the  United  States  by  Georgia  in  1802. 
2d. — Within  the  Territories  of  Orleans  and  Louisiana,  as  acquired  from 
France,  by  the  treaty  of  1803,  including  the  portion  of  the  states  of  Alabama 
and  Mississippi  south  of  31° ;  the  whole  of  Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Missouri, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Oregon,  and  the  Territories  of  Colorado,  Dakota, 
Idaho,  Montana,  Wyoming,  and  Washington.  3d. — Within  the  state  of 
Florida,  as  obtained  from  Spain  by  the  treaty  of  1819.  4th. — In  New  Mex 
ico,  Utah,  Nevada  and  California,  as  acquired  from  Mexico  by  the  treaty 
of  1848.  5th.— The  "  Gadsden  Purchase"  23,161,000  acres  south  of  the 
Gila  River  from  Mexico,  in  1854.  6th. — The  Russian  purchase  of  North 
western  America  or  Alaska,  in  1867. 

The  area  of  the  public  lands,  exclusive  of  the  Russian  purchase  is  1,465,- 
468,800  acres.  The  extent  of  that  purchase  is  estimated  at  577,390  square 
miles,  or  369,529,600  acres,  making  a  total  of  1,834,998,400  acres. 

The  aggregate  of  public  lands  which  have  been  surveyed  is  485,311,778 
acres,  leaving  a  residue  of  1,349,686,622  acres  yet  unsurveyed. 

The  public  land  or  rectangular  system  of  survey  and  transfer  of  landed  prop 
erty  was  adopted  May  20, 1785 ;  it  has  been  modified  and  enlarged  by  subse 
quent  laws  until  it  has  reached  proportions  and  completeness  of  scientific 
structure  which  make  it  pre-eminently  valuable  and  in  some  respects  unrivaled. 

Under  that  system  base  lines  are  first  established,  corresponding  with 
latitude.  These  are  then  intersected  at  right  angles  by  principal  meridians 
in  coincidence  with  longitude.  From  such  bases,  townships  of  six  miles 
square  are  run  out  and  established  with  regular  series  of  numbers  counting 
north  and  south  from  these  bases,  while  the  ranges  are  counted  by  like  series 
of  numbers  as  running  east  and  west  of  the  meridians. 

The  six  mile  square  townships  are  divided  into  sections  of  one  mile  square 


1869,1  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  171 

or  640  acres,  again  into  half  sections  of  320,  quarters  of  160,  half  quarters 
of  80,  and  quarter  quarters  or  sixteenths  of  40  acres. 

Since  the  adoption  of  the  system,  covering  a  period  of  82  years,  twenty 
principal  bases,  and  twenty-three  principal  meridians  have  been  established, 
and  it  has  been  initiated,  in  all  the  land  States  and  Territories  of  the 
Union,  in  several  of  which  it  has  completed  the  work  of  surveying.  In 
its  progress  the  whole  of  the  surveys  everywhere  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific,  are  referable  for  the  identification  of  any  division  or  subdivision, 
great  or  small,  to  the  initial  points  or  intersections  of  the  surveyed  base  lines 
with  the  principal  meridians. 

The  first  principal  meridian  divides  the  states  of  Ohio  and  Indiana ;  the 
second  is  a  controlling  line  in  the  surveys  of  Indiana,  and  in  part  in  Illinois ; 
the  third  also  governing  to  a  certain  extent  the  latter  state ;  -the fourth  trav 
erses  the  western  part  of  Illinois,  extending  through  Wisconsin  and  Minne 
sota  to  our  northern  international  boundary ;  the  fifth  passing  through 
Arkansas,  Missouri  and  Iowa,  with  a  common  base  line  running  due  west 
from  the  St.  Francis  river  in  Arkansas,  governs  the  surveys  in  these  states, 
also  in  part  of  Minnesota  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  in  Dakota  west  of  the 
Missouri ;  then  there  is  the  sixth  principal  meridian,  the  initial  point  of 
intersection  being  coincident  with  the  40th  parallel  and  92°  13'  west  longi 
tude  froift  Greenwich.  Upon  this  line  depend  the  surveys  in  Kansas,  Ne 
braska,  Colorado,  and  that  part  of  Dakota  west  of  the  Missouri. 

In  addition  to  these  6  principal  meridians  and  bases,  17  subordinate  merid 
ians  and  corresponding  bases  have  been  established.  These  meridians  and 
bases  with  their  auxiliary  standard  parallels  and  guide  meridians  have 
required  perambulations  of  surveyors  in  the  field  amounting  to  1,476,673 
lineal  miles. 

Upon  this  system  thus  established  over  the  greater  portion  of  the  country 
rests  the  whole  work  of  dividing  and  subdividing  the  national  territory, 
and  of  making  out  the  same  into  different  sizes  for  farms  and  settlements. 

The  service  has  been  steadily  advancing  from  the  foundation  of  the  gov 
ernment,  and  in  its  progress  has  completed  the  extension  of  the  lines  of 
survey  over  the  whole  surface  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  (the 
Upper  and  Lower  Peninsula),  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Miss 
issippi,  Alabama,  and  nearly  so  in  Louisiana  and  Florida. 

Congress  by  proclamation  in  1785,  and  by  acts  of  1804  and  1807,  protected 
the  public  domain  from  occupation  or  settlement  unauthorized  by  law,  and 
by  the  general  pre-emption  laws  of  1830,  1832,  1834,  1841,  and  1843,  secured 
to  actual  settlers  pre-emption  rights  to  a  certain  portion  of  the  public  lands. 
These  laws  concede  the  actual  settler  160  acres,  but  require  of  him  the  erec 
tion  of  a  dwelling  with  actual  inhabitation  and  cultivation.  Congress  by 
subsequent  enactments  has  legislated  still  further  in  aid  of  actual  settlers,  by 
holding  out  encouragement  to  take  possession  of  the  national  soil  and  con 
firming  occupants  in  their  improvements  on  lands  afterwards  withdrawn  by 
grants  to  railroads  and  for  educational  purposes.  It  has  also  by  acts  of 
1844,  1864,  1865,  and  1867,  encouraged  the  growth  of  towns  and  cities. 


172  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

The  law  of  pre-emption  extends  the  privilege  to  three  classes,  each  having 
the  qualification  of  citizenship  or  having  filed  a  declaration  to  that  end. 

1.  "  Every  person  being  the  head  of  a  family." 

2.  "  A  widow." 

3.  "  A  single  man  over  the  age  of  twenty-one  years." 

The  Homestead  act  of  May  20,  1862  and  supplements  hold  out  still  further 
inducements  to  settlements  of  public  lands. 

By  this  act  any  person  who  is  the  head  of  a  family,  or  who  has  arrived  at 
the  age  of  21  years,  or  has  performed  service  in  the  army  or  navy,  and  is  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  shall  have  filed  his  declaration  of  intention  to 
become  such,  and  has  never  borne  arms  against  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  or  given  aid  and  comfort  to  its  enemies,  shall  from  and  after 
the  1st  of  January,  1863,  be  entitled  to  enter  a  quarter  section  (160  acres)  of 
unappropriated  public  land  upon  which  he  or  she  may  have  already  filed  a 
pre-emption  claim  or  which  is  subject  to  pre-emption  at  $1.25  per  acre ;  or 
80  acres  of  unappropriated  land  at  $2.50  per  acre.  In  order  to  make  his  or 
her  title  good  to  such  lands,  however,  such  person  must  make  affidavit  that 
Such  application  is  made  for  his  or  her  exclusive  use  and  benefit,  and  that 
said  entry  is  made  for  the  purpose  of  actual  settlement  and  cultivation,  and 
not,  either  directly  or  indirectly  for  the  use  or  benefit  of  any  other  person  or 
persons  whomsoever ;  and  upon  filing  the  affidavit,  and  paying  the  sum  of 
$10  to  the  register  or  receiver,  such  person  shall  be  allowed  to  enter  the 
land  specified ;  but  no  certificate  or  patent  is  issued  for  the  land  until  five 
years  from  the  date  of  such  entry,  and  the  land  must  during  that  time  be 
improved  and  not  alienated  (it  cannot  be  taken  for  debt).  At  any  time 
within  two  years  after  the  expiration  of  said  five  years,  the  person  making 
the  entry,  or,  in  case  of  his  or  her  death,  his  widow  or  heirs,  may  on  proof 
by  two  witnesses  that  he  or  she  has  cultivated  or  improved  said  land,  has 
not  alienated  any  part  of  it,  and  has  borne  true  allegiance  to  the  United 
States,  be  entitled  to  a  patent  if  at  that  time  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  abandonment  of  the  lands  by  the  person  making  the  entry 
for  a  period  of  more  than  six  months  at  one  time,  they  revert  to  the  United 
States. 

Bounty  Land  warrants  have  been  issued  to  the  soldiers  of  the  war  of  the 
revolution  and  to  those  who  have  served  in  subsequent  wars  under  acts  of 
1847,  1850,  1852,  and  1855,  which  from  the  commencement  of  operations 
under  these  acts  to  June  30,  1867  have  amounted  as  follows : 

Warrants  issued,  542,248;  number  of  acres  embraced  thereby,  59,631,010;  number  of  warrants 
located,  488,336,  embracing  54,028,390  acres.  The  whole  quantity  conceded  for  military  and  naval 
services  from  1776  to  1855,  was  71,714,555  acres. 

The  Continental  Congress,  by  the  ordinance  of  May  20,  1785,  respecting 
the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio,  prepared  the  way  for  the  advance  of 
settlements  and  education  as  contemporaneous  interests.  It  determined  that 
in  every  six  miles  square  there  should  be  established  the  school  system,  to 
be  supported  from  a  fund  derived  from  the  grant  of  section  sixteen,  of  640 
acres,  in  every  township ;  and  at  a  later  period  for  indemnity  where  the  section 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  ^73 

in  place  was  not  available;  thus  conceding  one  thirty-sixth  part  of  the 
public  lands  in  the  interests  of  public  education. 

It  was  afterwards  determined  in  the  new  land  states  and  territories,  the 
localities  of  which  were  distant  from  the  political  centre  or  centres  of  settle 
ments,  to  increase  the  school  concessions  to  two  sections  or  1,280  acres  in 
each  township,  so  that  the  school  house,  high  school,  and  seminary,  could 
be  so  advantageously  placed  in  the  township  as  to  avoid  inconvenience  in 
daily  attendance. 

Besides  the  school  allotment,  provision  has  been  made  on  a  liberal  scale 
for  seminaries  of  learning  and  colleges,  so  that  the  land  fund  may  be  ade 
quate  to  the  support  of  institutions  in  which  are  taught  all  the  higher 
branches  of  a  liberal  education. 

To  each  organized  Territory  the  sections  in  place  and  townships  for  semi 
naries  have  been  reserved,  and  by  the  act  of  admission  as  a  state  into  the 
Union,  the  reservation  has  been  carried  into  a  grant  and  confirmed.  If  there 
be  added  to  the  quantity  already  conceded  to  the  public  land  states  for 
school  purposes,  the  area  that  will  pass  according  to  the  principles  of  exist 
ing  legislation  to  the  organized  territories  when  they  shall  become  states,  it 
will  be  found  that  the  aggregate  will  reach  70,559,112  acres.  Besides  there 
have  been  granted  for  seminaries  of  learning  1,244,160  acres,  making  an 
aggregate  thus  conceded  in  the  cause  of  learning  of  71,803,272  acres,  much 
of  it  of  great  value,  and  from  which,  if  properly  invested,  ample  funds  may 
be  derived  for  the  continual  support  of  the  great  object  contemplated  by 
the  munificent  grant. 

For  the  support  of  colleges  for  education  in  agriculture,  mechanics,  and 
in  the  mineral  interests,  the  act  of  July  2,  1862,  and  its  supplements,  made 
provisions  not  only  for  the  states  holding  public  domain,  but  for  others 
which  have  none,  giving  to  the  former  the  right  to  select  within  their  limits, 
and  to  the  latter  scrip  redeemable  in  land ;  the  amount  conceded  being 
30,000  acres  for  each  senator  and  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
which  when  made  applicable  to  all  the  states,  will  include  an  area  of 
9,600,000  acres. 

Most  of  the  older  states  have  received  the  allotment  in  scrip  which  has 
been  disposed  of,  and  the  avails  appropriated  to  the  object  designed ;  in 
the  newer  or  land  states,  selections  have  been  made  by  the  state  authorities 
for  the  same  purpose. 

By  various  acts  of  Congress  from  1849  to  1860,  large  quantities  of  swamp 
and  overflowed  lands  have  been  granted  to  several  states.  The  first  swamp 
land  grant  was  made  to  Louisiana  in  1849  to  aid  that  state  in  constructing 
levees  and  drains  along  the  Mississippi  and  other  rivers  to  prevent  the  over 
flow  of  the  bottom  lands.  In  1850  the  grant  was  made  general,  so  as  to 
apply  to  other  states  in  which  such  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  were 
situated. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  June  30,  1867,  state  selections  had  been 
made  under  the  internal  improvement  grant  of  September  4,  1841,  as 
follows : 


174  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1S69. 

States.  Number  of  acres  to  which  each  Number  of  acres 

State  was  entitled.  approved. 

Alabama 97,469.17 *97,469.17 

Arkansas 500,000.00 499,880.03 

California 500,000.00 116,778.59 

Florida 499,990.00 450,823.82 

Illinois 209,085.50 *209,060.05 

Iowa 500,000.00 500,000.00 

Kansas 500,000.00 495,552.20 

Louisiana 500,000.00 482,166.97 

Michigan 500,000.00 498,638.54 

Minnesota 500,000.00 252,028.60 

Mississippi 500,000.00 500,000.00 

Missouri 500,000.00 500,000.00 

Nebraska 500,000.00 

Nevada 500,000.00 

Oregon 500,000.00 196,099.03 

Wisconsin 500,000.00 . .  .499,973.87 


Total 7,305,554.67 5,298,470.87 

Grants  of  public  lands  have  been  made  by  acts  of  Congress  to  states  and 
corporations,  for  railroad  and  military  wagon  road  purposes  from  the  year 
1850  to  June  30,  1867,  as  follows: 

States.  Number  of  acres  certified  Estimated  number  of 

under  the  grants.  acres  granted. 

Alabama «. 2,888,138.50 .3,729,130.00 

Arkansas 1,793,167.10 4,804,271.63 

California 3,720,000.00 

Florida 1,760,468.39 2,360,114.00 

Illinois 2,595,053.00 2,595,053.00 

Iowa 2,770,702.26 6,751,207.98 

Kansas 7,753,000.00 

Louisiana 1,072,405.45 1,578,720.00 

Michigan 2,718,413.49 5,327,930.99 

Minnesota 1,644.602.64 7.783,403.09 

Mississippi 908,680.29 2,062,240.00 

Missouri 1,815,435.00 3,745,160.21 

Wisconsin 1,379,545.35 5,378,360.50 


21,346,611.47  57,588,581.40 

Corporations:  Pacific  railroads 138,239.39 124,000,000.00 

Wagon  roads :  Wisconsin 76,803.20 

Oregon 3,225,413.27 


21,561,654.06 184,813,994.67 

Grants  by  acts  of  Congress  for  Canal  purposes  from  the  year  1827  to  June  30,  1867.  Illinois, 
290,915;  Indiana,  1,439,279;  Michigan,  1,250,000;  Ohio,  1,100,361;  Wisconsin,  325,431.  Total 
quantity  acres  granted,  4,405,986. 

Private  Land  Claims.  In  lands  acquired  by  purchase  or  conquest  from 
other  nations,  the  grants  of  the  government  to  individuals  constitutes  a 
class  of  private  land  claims.  The  principle  adopted  by  the  government  has 
been  that  a  well  authenticated  and  clearly  defined  title  from  a  former  govern 
ment  was  to  be  respected,  and  upon  the  presentation  of  such  title  a  patent 
is  always  issued  to  the  claimant ;  but  where  the  boundaries,  as  is  often  the 

*The  States  of  Illinois  and  Alabama  received  grants  under  prior  acts,  which,  with  the 
quantities  here  given,  make  up  the  quantity  of  500,000  acres. 


1SG9.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  TpE  INTERIOR.  ^75 

case,  are  loosely  defined  and  comprise  a  much  larger  territory  than  that 
granted,  or  where  the  metes  and  bounds  are  of  uncertain  position,  and  espec 
ially  where  there  is  ground  for  presumption  of  fraud,  a  severe  scrutiny  is 
instituted. 

Since  the  act  of  Congress  of  September  4,  1841,  large  quantities  of  land 
ha\re  been  claimed  on  pre-emption,  i.  e.  as  having  been  settled  and  improved 
by  persons  before  they  were  surveyed  or  came  into  the  market ;  and,  these 
persons  having  thereby  established  a  claim  to  purchase  them  at  Government 
price  before  all  others,  this  claim  has  been  allowed,  with  some  restriction, 
and  the  lands,  thus  pre-empted,  withdrawn  from  public  sale  and  reserved 
for  private  entry. 

SUMMARY. 

Acres* 

During  the  fiscal  jrear  ending  June  30, 1867,  the  total  cash  sales  embraced 756,619.61 

The  aggregate  of  military  bounty-land  warrant  locations 476,760.00 

The  total  quantity  taken  by  homestead  for  actual  settlement  under  acts  of  1862.  1864 

and  1866 .'....  1,788,043.49 

In  the  same  period,  there  were  approved  swamps  "  in  place  "  to  several  states  as 

grantees  under  acts  ot  1849  and  1850 * 1,030,020.22 

And  selected  as  swamp  indemnity 36,429.93 

Making  a  total  of  swamp  lands  or  their  equivalents,  confirmed  to  states,  of  1,066,450.15 

In  same  fiscal  year  titles  under  railroad,  wagon  road  and  ship  canal  grants  have  been 

vested  in  certain  states  for  the  quantity  of 533,168.52 

The  agricultural  and  mechanic  college  land  scrip  locations  under  act  of  1862,  and 
supplemental  of  1864  and  1866,  with  selections  by  certain  states  within  their  re 
spective  limits  under  said  acts  make  an  aggregate  of 2,420.072.73 

Making  a  total  of  public  lands  disposed  of  during  the  year  ending  June  30, 1867,  of    7,041,114.50 

Amount  disposed  of  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1868 6,655,742.50 

The  moneys  received  in  the  same  period  for  ordinary  cash  sales,  pre-emptions,  in  military 
scrip  received  as  money,  for  the  ten  dollar  homestead  payments,  for  homestead  commissions, 
for  fees  in  the  locating  of  agricultural  college  scrip,  for  same  on  military  warrants,  and  on  rail 
road  selections,  for  commissions  on  pre-emptions,  donations,  and  for  proceeds  from  furnishing 
transcripts  under  the  act  of  July  2, 1864,  make  a  cash  aggregate  of  $1,347,862.52  received  during 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1867,  a  sum  greater  than  that  received  the  previous  year  by  more 
than  half  a  million  of  dollars.  Receipts  for  year  ending  June  30, 1868,  $1,632,745. 

2.    PENSION  OFFICE. 

The  Pension  Office  was  established  temporarily  in  1833,  and  continued  by 
subsequent  legislation  until  it  was  made  permanent  by  act  of  19th  of  Jan 
uary,  1849.  It  constitutes  a  Bureau  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  and 
is  under  the  charge  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions.  The  persons  entitled 
to  pensions  have  been  designated  by  different  acts  of  Congress. 

The  only  surviving  revolutionary  soldiers  receiving  a  pension  died  during 
the  year  closing  June  30,  1867.  Two  other  veterans  were  granted  pensions 
by  special  acts  of  Congress  passed  that  year.  Of  the  widows  of  revolution 
ary  soldiers  married  before  the  close  of  the  war,  but  one  enrolled  pensioner 
was  living  in  1867. 

There  were,  however,  at  the  close  of  that  fiscal  year,  997  widows  of  revolu 
tionary  soldiers,  of  whom  119  were  married  previous  to  1800. 

Army  Pensions.  The  number  of  original  applications  for  invalid  pensions,  by  reason  of 
casualties  occurring  in  the  army  service,  admitted  during  the  year  closing  June  30,  1867,  was 
16,452,  at  an  average  annual  rate  of  $71.73  each,  and  an  aggregate  annual  rate  of  $1,180,194.72. 


176  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

The  number  of  applications  for  increased  pensions  of  the  same  class  admitted  during  this  period 
was  13,946,  at  an  average  annual  rate  of  $78.09  each,  and  an  aggregate  annual  rate  of  $1,089,003.62. 

Of  original  applications  of  widows,  orphans,  and  dependent  relatives  for  pensions  by  reason 
Of  deaths  incident  to  the  army  service,  19,660  were  admitted  during  the  year,  at  an  average 
individual  rate  of  $100.66  per  annum,  and  an  aggregate  yearly  rate  of  $1,979,062.67.  Of  applica 
tions  for  increased  pensions  of  the  same  class,  19,309  were  admitted,  at  an  average  additional 
rate  (chiefly  on  account  of  minor  children  under  the  age  of  sixteen  years,  as  provided  by  the 
act  of  July  25,  1866),  of  $59.59  each,  and  at  a  total  annual  rate  of  $1,150.646. 

The  total  number  of  enrolled  invalid  pensioners  on  the  30th  of  June,  1867,  was  70,802,  the 
total  amount  of  whose  pensions  was  $6,478,004.14 ;  and  the  total  number  of  widows,  orphans, 
and  dependent  relatives,  enrolled  as  pensioners  was,  at  the  same  date,  82,291,  and  the  yearly 
amount  of  their  pensions  $9,664,075.83;  making  an  aggregate  of  153,093  army  pensioners  of  both 
classes,  at  a  total  annual  rate  of  $16,142,079.97. 

The  whole  amount  paid  to  invalid  military  pensioners  during  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $6,428,- 
632.58;  and  to  widows,  orphans,  and  dependent  relatives,  $11,873,182.71;  making  the  grand 
total  of  payments  to  army  pensioners  (including  expenses  of  the  disbursing  agencies),  for  the 
year,  $18,301,715.26. 

Navy  Pensions.  The  original  applications  for  invalid  pensions,  by  reason  of  casualties 
occurring  in  the  navy  service,  admitted  during  the  year  ending  June  30, 1867,  numbered  137, 
at  a  total  yearly  rate  of  $10,317 ;  and  the  admitted  applications  for  increased  pensions  Of  the 
same  class  206,  at  an  annual  aggregate  of  $17,892.  Of  original  applications  of  widows,  orphans, 
and  dependent  relatives  for  navy  pensions  233  were  admitted  during  the  same  period,  at  an 
aggregate  rate  of  $31,856  per,annum ;  and  120  pensioners  of  this  class  were  increased,  at  a 
total  yearly  rate  of  $6,792.  The  total  number  of  navy  invalid  pensioners  whose  names  appeared 
on  the  rolls,  June  30,  1867,  was  1,054,  at  an  aggregate  yearly  rate  of  $89,652.25 ;  and  the  total 
number  of  widows,  orphans,  and  dependent  relatives  whose  names  were  on  the  navy  pension 
rolls  at  the  same  date  was  1,327,  requiring  an  aggregate  annual  amount  of  $305,742.25. 

The  whole  amount  paid  to  navy  invalid  pensioners  during  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $77,241.28; 
and  the  whole  amount  paid  to  widows,  orphans,  and  dependent  relatives  of  officers  or  seamen 
of  the  navy  was  $240,999.92,  making  the  total  amount  of  navy  pensions  paid  during  the  year 
$318,241.20. 

The  balance  of  funds  in  the  hands  of  the  agents  for  paying  navy  pensions  was,  on  June  30, 
1867,  $175,796.82. 

Aggregate.  The  total  number  of  pensioners  of  all  classes  whose  names  remained  on  the 
rolls  June  30, 1867,  was  155,474.  The  number  of  new  pensioners  added  to  the  rolls  during  the 
year  was  36,482,  and  the  number  of  pensioners  dropped  from  the  rolls  on  account  of  deaths,  re 
marriages,  or  other  causes,  was  7,932.  The  number  of  pensions  increased  during  the  last  fiscal 
year,  chiefly  under  the  acts  of  June  6,  and  July  25, 1866,  was  83,581.  The  total  annual  amount 
of  pensions  was,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  $16,447,822.22,  and  the  amount  paid  during  the  year, 
(including  arrears  and  expenses  of  disbursement),  $18,619,956.46. 

The  navy  pension  fund,  invested  under  direction  of  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
as  trustee,  now  amounts  to  $13,000,000.  There  is  an  uninvested  balance  of 
$229,246.37.  The  income  of  this  fund  largely  exceeds  the  annual  amount 
at  present  required  for  the  payment  of  navy  pensions.  Provision  was  made 
by  the  sixth  section  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  March  2,  1867,  for 
awarding  from  the  surplus  income  of  this  fund  additional  pensions  to  dis 
abled  officers,  seamen,  and  marines,  for  meritorious  service,  under  certain 
specified  conditions.  Seven  claims  of  this  character,  favorably  reported  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  as  provided  by  law,  were  certified  for  payment 
by  the  Pension  Office,  in  1867. 

Amount  paid  for  army  pensions  at  the  agencies  in  the  several  States  and  Territories  for  the 
year  ending  June  30, 1867. 

State.  Invalid.  Widows,  children,  mother*,  '  Total. 

and  sisters. 

Arkansas $1,806.17 $21,648.64 $23,454.81 

Connecticut 93,491.82 267,133.33 360,625.15 

California 0,665.19 7,683.25 14,348.44 


I860.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  177 

State.  Invalid.  Widows,  children,  mothers  Total. 

and  sisters. 

District  of  Columbia $124,245.15 $127,675.02 $250,920.17 

Delaware 16,5(58.14 31,056.42 47,624.56 

Indiana 393,518.78 859,022.52 1,252,541.30 

Illinois 612,838.13 943,137.71 1,555,475.83 

Iowa 196,890.79 394,964.29 591,855.08 

Kentucky 90,477.12 887,674.75 428,151.87 

Kansas 35,695.20 53,475.22 89,440.42 

Louisiana 7,198.38 16,658.39 23,856.77 

Maine 361,842.09 523,280.77 885,122.86 

Massachusetts 431.208.43 673,255.03 1,104,463.46 

Maryland 70,189.42 110,075.20 180,264.62 

Missouri 135,139.12 .324,589.51 459,728.63 

Michigan '.  .303,337.80 534,984.19 838,321.99 

Minnesota 47,501.71 93,544.78 141,049.49 

New  Hampshire 158,821.91 246,580.70 405,402.61 

New  York 1,125,700.60 2,047,777.22 3,173,477.82 

New  Jersey 138,968.25 280,422.72 419,390.97 

North  Carolina 3,543.83 "...  26.759.97 30,303.80 

Nebraska 1,756.99 3,610.57 5,367.56 

Ohio 640.013.50 1,214,011.55 1,854,025.05 

Oregon 1,208.60 339.87 1,548.47 

Pennsylvania 876,644.17 1,525,438.12 2,402,082.29 

Rhode  Island 33,748.73 83,313.86 117,062.59 

Tennessee 62,891.73 211,927.31 274,819.04 

Vermont 158,815.27 245,085.43 403,900.70 

Virginia 7,959.52 23,932.47 31,891.99 

West  Virginia 86,056.65 188,707.53 274,764.18 

Wisconsin '203,265.84 455,401.36 658,667.20 

Washington  Territory 750.53 15.01 765.54 


Total $6,428,532.55 $11,873,182.71 $18,301,715.26 

• 

Statement  of  the  number  and  yearly  amount  of  army  pensioners  on  the  rolls  of  the  several 
States  and  Territories  on  June  30, 1867. 

State.  Invalid.  Widows,  children,  mother*  Total  No.  Yearly  amount. 

and  sisters. 

Arkansas 29 159 188 $20.320.00 

Connecticut 1,133 1,810 2,943 303,669.45 

California 77 37 114 11.510.04 

District  of  Columbia 995 608 1,603 192,962.70 

Delaware 191 194 385 41,953.88 

Indiana 4,280 5,628 9,908 1,079,439.12 

Illinois 8,472 6,904 15,376 1,673,968.67 

Iowa 2,118 3,099 5.217 552,095.70 

Kentucky 1,107  2,064 3,171 435,547.08 

Kansas 379 267 946 71,937.96 

Louisiana 129 149 278 29,899.00 

Maine 3,955 3,616 7,571 756.503.02 

Massachusetts 4,931 5,309 10,240 991,501.10 

Maryland 702 741 1,443 148,544.47 

Missouri 1,339 1,895 3.234.. 322,817.00 

Michigan 3.343 3,813 7.156 714,399.97 

Minnesota 519 551 1.070 117,972.96 

New  Hampshire 1,857 1,950 3,807 371,452.96 

New  York 11,543 13,972 25.515 2,772,791.33 

New  Jersey 1,472 2,125 3,597 387,264.00 

North  Carolina 21 113 134 11,937.08 

Nebraska 19 33 52 6,039.84 

New  Mexico 2 10 12 1,266.00 

Ohio 7,012 8,310 15,322 1,636,433.40 

12 


178  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

State.  Invalid.  Widows,  children,  mothers  Total  No.  Y  early  amount. 

and  slaters. 

Oregon 17 6 23 $2,575.92 

Pennsylvania 9,422 10,045 19.467 2,028,064.29 

Rhode  Island 404 610 1,014 108,397.89 

Tennessee 393 1,079 1,472 163,945.80 

Vermont 1,832 1,670 , 3,502 351,513.23 

Virginia 54 123 177 13,468.00 

West  Virginia 895 1,334 2,229 245,058.45 

Wisconsin 2,151 4,065 6,216 575,649.66 

Washington  Territory. .       9 2 11 1,180.00 

Total 70,802 82,291 153,093 $16,142,079.97 

Amount  paid  for  navy  pensions  at  the  agencies  in  the  several  States  and  Territories  for  the 
year  ending  June  30, 1867. 

State.  Invalids.  Widows,  children,  motheri  Total. 

and  sisters. 

Connecticut $254.73 $4,552.80 $4,807.53 

California 170.04 240.00 410.04 

District  of  Columbia 3,557.90 37,678.40 41,136.30 

Illinois 2,190.23 3,370.01 4,560.24 

Kentucky 1,308.35 1,205.60 2,513.95 

Louisiana 435.66 1,900.50. 2,336.16 

Maine 4,999.34 7,659.31 12,658.65 

Massachusetts 16,425.34 41,314.97 57,740.31 

Maryland 2,555.33 9,579.94 12,135.27 

Michigan 647.96 2,559.94 3,207.90 

Missouri 748.88 2,906.39 3,655.27 

Minnesota 72.72 72.72 

New  Hampshire 2,805.91 3.282.66 6,088.57 

New  York 24,058,29 59.649.72 83,708.01 

New  Jersey 795.33 3,169.60 3^964.93 

Ohio  . . " 2,637.26 8,798.33 11,435.59 

Pennsylvania 12,138.33 38,258.93 50,397.26 

Rhode  Island 796.30 3,297.00 4,093.30 

Virginia 423.08 11,350.22 11,773.30 

Wisconsin 220.30 1,225.60 1,445.90 


Total $77,241.28 $240,999.92 $318,241.20 

Statement,  of  the  number  and  yearly  amount  of  navy  pensioners  on  the  rolls  of  each  State  and 
Territory  June  30, 1867. 

State.  Invalids.  Widows,  children,  mothers  Total  No.  Yearly  amounl. 

and  sisters. 

Connecticut 7 24 31 $5,748.00 

California 3 2 5 594.00 

District  of  Columbia 40 117 157 31,672,50 

Illinois 35 14 49 5,304.00 

Kentucky 10 6 16 1,931.00 

Louisiana 5 4 9 1,428.00 

Maine 50 53 103 12,017.50 

Massachusetts 227 269 496 57,927.25 

Maryland 42 52 94 13,811.50 

Michigan 10 17 27 2,868.00 

Missouri 10 13 23 2,704.00 

Minnesota 1 1 2 432.00 

New  Hampshire 42 22 64 7,014.00 

New  York 331 354 685 81 ,852.00 

New  Jersey 7 21 28 4,424.00 

Ohio 32 55 87 11,345.00 

Pennsylvania 171 248 424 52,099.50 


1869.]  .      DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  179 

Bute.  Inralids.  Widows,  children,  mothers,  Total  No.  Yearly  amount. 

Mid  sisters. 

Rhode  Island 8 17 25.' 3,610.00 

South  Carolina 1 1 24.00 

Virginia 5 27. 32 6,452.00 

Wisconsin 3 11 14 1,908.00 

Naval  Asylum 9 9 576.00 

Total 1^054 1^327 2,381 $305,742.25 

Summary  of  transactions  of  Pension  Bureau  for  three  fiscal  years  ending  June  30, 1867. 

1865.  1800.  1867. 

Whole  number  of  admissions 40,568 51,471 70,063 

Whole  number  of  pensioners 85,986 126,722 155,474 

Yearly  rate $8,023,445.43 $11,674,474.31 $16,447,822.22 

Amount  paid 8,525,153.11 13,459,996.43 18,619,956.46 

The  number  of  pensioners  of  the  several  classes  whose  names  were  on  the  rolls  at  the  close 
of  each  fiscal  year,  was  during  the  last  five  years,  as  follows  : 

1803.  1864.  1865.  I860.  1867. 

Revolutionary  soldiers 18 12 3 1 

Widows  of  soldiers 1,573 1,418 1,114 931 997 

Army  invalids 7,248 22,7(57 35,041 54,620 70,802 

Widows,  Ac.,  (army) 4,820 25,433 47,972 68,957 81,294 

Navy  invalids 544 712 839 1,032 1,054 

Widows,  &c.,  (navy) 577 793 1,017 1,181 1,327 

Total 14,780 51,135 85,986 126,722 155,474 

Bounty  Land.  During  the  year  ending  September  30,  1867,  the  number  of  applications 
for  bounty  land  admitted  was  as  follows : 

Under  the  act  of  February  11,  1847,  4  warrants  for  160  acres  each,  total,  640  acres  ;  under  the 
act  of  September  28,  1850,  3  warrants  for  40  acres  each,  total,  120  acres ;  under  the  act  of  March 
3, 1855,  887  warrants  for  160  acres  each,  total,  141,920  acres ;  39  warrants  for  120  acres  each,  total, 
4,680  acres ;  19  warrants  for  80  acres  each,  total,  1,520  acres ;  2  warrants  for  40  acres  each,  total, 
80  acres.  Whole  number  of  warrants,  954.  Whole  number  of  acres,  148,960. 

There  were  39  duplicates  issued  during  the  same  period,  in  lieu  of  lost  warrants,  and  32  war- 
rants  were  canceled.  Original  applications  to  the  number  of  908  were  received,  and  3,114  sus 
pended  applications  were  re-examined. 

3.    BUREAU  OF  INDIAN  AFFAIRS. 

Congress,  by  act  of  July  9,  1832,  authorized  the  President  to  appoint  a 
Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  to  have  the  direction  and  management  of  all 
matters  arising  out  of  Indian  relations,  subject  to  the  revision  of  the  Secre 
tary  of  War,  (now  Secretary  of  the  Interior). 

The  duties  of  the  Bureau  are  administered  by  the  Commissioner,  Chief 
Clerk,  and  assistants  at  Washington,  and  by  a  number  of  superintendents, 
agents,  farmers,  school  teachers,  and  other  appointees  in  the  Indian  country. 

The  estimated  number  of  Indians  is  about  three  hundred  thousand,  spread 
ing  from  Lake  Superior  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Those  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
with  few  exceptions,  are  on  reservations ;  so  also  are  the  tribes  in  Kansas 
north  of  the  Arkansas,  and  those  located  between  the  western  border  of  Ar 
kansas  and  the  country  known  as  the  "  leased  lands." 

During  the  last  few  years  the  attention  of  the  government  has  been  drawn, 
in  an  unusual  degree,  to  its  relations  with  the  Indians,  on  account  of  depre 
dations  which  have  been  committed  by  them  upon  the  white  settlers,  and  the 


180  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

obstructions  to  travel,  and  insecurity  which  their  continued  enmity  has 
caused.  New  military  posts  have  been  established,  forts  garrisoned,  and 
troops  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  hostile  Indians. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1867,  General  Hancock,  of  the  Department  of  the 
Missouri,  started  on  an  expedition  among  the  hostile  tribes  of  the  south.  He 
met  several  of  the  chiefs,  but  did  not  succeed  in  arranging  terms  of  peace ; 
an  important  Indian  village  on  the  Pawnee  Fork  was  burned,  and  skirmishes 
took  place  between  the  troops  and  the  Indians  in  which  several  of  both  parties 
were  killed.  The  Indians  were  exasperated ;  depredations  were  continued ; 
the  work  on  the  railroads  was  retarded ;  laborers  and  employees  were  mur 
dered  ;  and  property  and  life  were  insecure  in  a  large  part  of  the  territory 
occupied  by  the  Indians. 

On  the  20th  of  July,  1867,  an  act  was  passed  "to  establish  peace  with  cer 
tain  hostile  Indian  tribes,"  which  provided  for  the  appointment  of  commis 
sioners,  with  a  view  to  the  following  objects : 

1.  To  remove,  if  possible,  the  causes  of  wrar. 

2.  To  secure,  as  far  as  practicable,  our  frontier  settlements,  and  the  safe 
building  of  the  railroads  looking  to  the  Pacific. 

3.  To  suggest,  or  inaugurate  some  plan  for  the  civilization  of  those  Indians. 
The  commissioners  selected  were  as  follows :     N.  G.  Taylor,  president ;  J. 

B.  Henderson ;  W.  T.  Sherman,  lieutenant-general ;  "W.  S.  Harney,  brevet 
major-general;  John  B.  Sanderson;  Alfred  H.  Terry,  brevet  major-general; 
S.  F.  Tappan ;  C.  C.  Augur,  brevet  major-general. 

These  commissioners  organized  at  St.  Louis  on  the  6th  of  August,  and  set 
about  obtaining  interviews  with  the  chiefs  of  the  hostile  tribes.  Runners 
were  employed  to  signify  the  pacific  purposes  of  these  commissioners  to  the 
Indians,  and  to  endeavor  to  arrange  a  general  council.  In  the  mean  time  they 
visited  various  posts  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  taking  evidence 
of  the  officers  with  regard  to  the  conduct  of  the  Indians  and  the  causes  of 
the  war ;  they  also  issued  orders  through  the  military  departments  to  the 
various  superintendents  and  agents  of  Indian  affairs,  that  appointments  be 
made  for  a  great  council  of  the  northern  hostile  tribes  at  Fort  Laramie,  on 
the  13th  of  September,  and  of  the  southern  tribes  at  Fort  Larned  on  the  13th 
of  October. 

The  commissioners  held  conferences  with  several  bands  of  Indians,  both  of 
the  northern  and  southern  tribes.  Treaties  of  peace  were  signed  with  the 
Kiowas,  Camanches,  Apaches,  and  the  southern  Cheyennes  and  Arrapahoes. 
The  commissioners  presented  a  report  in  July,  1868,  in  which  the  treatment 
of  the  Indians  is  reviewed,  the  causes  of  the  war  pointed  out,  and  important 
suggestions  made  regarding  the  future  course  of  the  government.  They  re 
commend  the  selection  of  two  districts  or  territories,  and  the  location  of  the 
Indians  in  them,  as  follows  : 

First.—  The  territory  bounded  north  by  Kansas,  east  by  Arkansas  and  Missouri,  south  by 
Texas,  and  west  by  the  100th  or  101st  meridian.  In  this  territory,  the  Cherokees,  Creeks,  Choc- 
taws,  and  other  of  the  civilized  tribes  already  reside.  In  process  of  time,  others  might  grad 
ually  be  brought  in,  and,  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  we  might  safely  calculate  on  concentrat 
ing  there  the  following  tribes,  to  wit : 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  181 

Present  Population.  Pr««ent  Population. 

Cherokees     14.000       Kiowas  and  Camanches 14,800 

Creeks                  14,396  Cheycnnes,  Arrapahoes  and  Apaches . . .  4,000 

Choctaws 12,500        Pottowatomies 1,992 

Chickasaws 4,500       Kansas  Indians,  (various  tribes) 4,039 

Seminoles 2,000       Navajoes  of  New  Mexico 7,700 

Osages 3,000 

Wachitas,  (various  tribes) 3,508  Total 86,435 

Second.— The  Second  District  might  be  located  as  follows,  viz :  The  territory  bounded  north 
by  the  46th  parallel,  east  by  the  Missouri  River,  south  by  Nebraska,  and  west  by  the  104th 
meridian.  If  the  hostile  Sioux  cannot  be  induced  to  remove  from  the  Powder  River,  a  hunting 
privilege  may  be  extended  to  them  for  a  time,  while  the  nucleus  of  settlement  may  be  forming 
on  the^Missouri,  the  White  Earth  or  Cheyenne  River.  To  prevent  war,  if  insisted  on  by  the 
Sioux,  the  western  boundary  might  be  extended  to  the  106th  or  even  the  107th  meridian  for 
the  present.  The  following  tribes  might,  in  a  reasonable  time,  be  concentrated  on  this  reser 
vation,  viz: 

Present  Population.  Pre.ent  Population. 

Yancton  Sioux 2,530       Upper  Pend  d'Oreilles 918 

Pauoos 980        Kootenoys 287 

Lower  Brules 1,200       Blackfeet 2,450 

Lower  Yanctonars 2,100       Picgau 1,870 

Two  Kettles 1,200       Bloods 2,150 

Blackfeet 1,320       Gros  Ventres 1,500 

Minneconyous 2,220        Crows 3,900 

Umpquas 1,800       Winnebagoes 1,750 

Ogallalas 2,100       Omahas 998 

Upper  Yanctonars 2,400       Brule  and  Ogallalla  Sioux 7,865 

Sans  Arcs 1,680       Northern  Cheyenues 1,800 

Arickarees 1,500       Northern  Arrapahoes 750 

Gros  Ventres 400       Santee  Sioux 1,350 

Mandans 400 

Assinaboines 2,640  Total 54,126 

Flatheads 558 

It  may  be  advisable  to  let  the  Winnebagoes,  Omahas,  Ottoes,  Sante  Sioux,  and  perhaps 
others  remain  where  they  are,  and  finally  become  incorporated  with  the  citizens  of  Nebraska, 
as  suggested  in  regard  to  the  Kansas  tribes. 

4.     PATENT  OFFICE. 

The  Constitution,  Art.  1,  Sec.  8,  confers  upon  Congress  the  power  to  pro 
mote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts  by  securing  for  limited  times  to 
authors  and  inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  writings  and  discoveries. 
The  rights  of  the  latter  class  are  secured  by  letters  patent  issued  from  the 
Patent  Office  in  accordance  with  acts  of  Congress.  The  office  as  now  organ 
ized  was  established  by  act  of  July  4,  1836. 

The  building  erected  under  the  authority  of  that  act  is  one  of  the  most 
imposing  in  the  city  of  Washington.  It  extends  over  two  entire  blocks,  and 
is  used  for  storing  and  preserving  models  as  well  as  for  offices  for  the  Com 
missioner,  clerks,  and  examiners. 

During  the  year  ending  September  30, 1868,  there  were  20,112  applications  for  patents ;  14,153 
patents  (including  re-issues  and  designs)  were  issued;  1,692  applications  were  allowed,  but 
patents  were  not  issued  thereon,  by  reason  of  the  non-payment  of  the  final  fees ;  3,789  caveats 
were  filed ;  180  applications  for  extension  were  received,  and  133  extensions  of  patents  were 
granted. 

During  the  same  period,  the  receipts  were  $696,786.00,  and  the  expenditures,  $696,957.00.  An 
appropriation  of  $360,000  will  be  required  for  the  balance  of  the  fiscal  year. 


182  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

TABLE  SHOWING  THE  BUSINESS  OF  THE  OFFICE  FOB  THIRTY  YEARS  END 
ING  DECEMBER  31,  1867. 


Tears. 

1887 

Applications  Filed. 

435 

.$29  289  08 

Cash  Expended. 

$33  506  98 

1838. 

420 

42,123.54 

37  402  10 

1839. 

4-25 

37,260  00 

34  543  51 

1840 

705 

228 

473 

38,056  51 

39  020  67 

1841 

847 

31-2 

495 

40,413  01 

52  666  87 

1842.... 

761  ... 

..    291... 

.    517... 

...36,505.68... 

...31.241.48 

1843 819 315 531 35,315.81 30,766.96 

1844 1,045 380 50*2 42,509.26 36,344.73 

1845 1,246 452 502 51,076.14 39,395.65 

1846 1,272 448 619 50.264.16 46,158.71 

1847 1,531 553 572 63,111.19 41,878.35 

1848 1,628 607 660 67,576.69 58,905.84 

1849 1,955 595 1,070. . . . , 80,752.78 77,716.44 

1850 2,193 602 995 86,927.05 80,100.95 

1851 2,258 760 869 95,738.61 86,916.93 

1852 2,639 996 1,020 112,056.34 95,916.91 

1853 2,673 901 958 121,527.45 132,869.83 

1854 3,324 868 1,902 163,789.84 167,146.32 

1855 4,435 906 2,024 216,459.a5 179,540.33 

1856 4,960 1,024 1,502 192,588.02 199.931.02 

1857 4,771 1,010 2,910 196,132.01 211,582.09 

1858 5,364 943 3,710 203,716.16 193,193.74 

1859 6,225 1,097 4,538 245,942.15 210,278.41 

1860 7,653 1,084 4,819 256,352.59 252,820.80 

1861 4,643 700 3,340 137,354.44 221,491.91 

1862 5,038 824 3.521 215,754.99 182,810.39 

1863 6,014 787 4,170 195,593.29 189,414.14 

1864 6,972 1,063 5,020 240,919.98 229,868.00 

1865 10,664 1,063 6,616 348,791.84 274,199.34 

1866 15,269 2.723 9,450 495,665.38 361,724.28 

1867 16,547 3,486 11,655 611,910.61 553,599.98 

1868* 20,112 3,789 14,153 696,786.00 696,957.00 

The  foregoing  table  shows  a  rapid  increase  in  the  number  of  applications 
for  patents,  and  in  the  number  of  patents  issued.  The  number  of  applica 
tions  in  1867,  was  55  per  cent,  greater  than  in  1865  ;  and  116  per  cent,  greater 
than  in  1860. 

The  Commissioner  in  his  report  for  1867,  says  that  great  inconvenience  has 
been  experienced  by  the  examiners  for  the  want  of  sufficient  room.  Addi 
tional  accommodations  are  also  needed  for  the  proper  arrangement  and  pre 
servation  of  the  drawings  of  inventions. 

The  library  of  the  Patent  Office  has  vastly  grown  in  importance  within  the 
last  few  years.  It  is  not  only  needed  and  used  as  an  absolute  necessity  by 
the  examiners  in  the  performance  of  their  duties,  but  it  is  now  much  con 
sulted  by  inventors  and  those  engaged  in  their  interest.  It  is  not  an  uncom 
mon  thing  for  persons  to  come  from  distant  parts  of  the  United  States  to 
consult  books  which  can  only  be  found  in  the  Patent  Office.  The  collection 
is  now  one  of  the  best  technical  libraries  in  the  world. 


*For  year  ending  September  30, 1868. 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE.  183 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
[Corrected  at  Department  of  Agriculture,  October,  1868.] 

Commissioner HORACE  CAPRON $3,000 

Acting  Chief  Clerk R.  T.  McLAix 2,000 

Disbursing  Clerk B.  F.  FULLER 2,000 

Statistician J.  R.  DODGE 2,000 

Superintendent  Botanical  Gardens. . . .  WILLIAM  SAUNDERS 2,000 

Entomologist TOWNEND  GLOVER 2,000 

Chemist *THOMAS  ANTISELI, 2,000 

Superintendent  of  Seed  Room SIDNEY  DEAN 1,800 

Librarian A.  B.  GROSH 1,800 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  was  established  by  an  act  of  Congress, 
approved  May  15,  1862.  The  act  provides  that  the  department  shall  be 
located  at  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United  States,  and  that  its  designs 
and  duties  shall  be  to  acquire  and  to  diffuse  among  the  people  of  the  United 
States  useful  information  on  subjects  connected  with  agriculture  in  the  most 
general  and  comprehensive  sense  of  that  word,  and  to  procure,  propagate, 
and  distribute  among  the  people  new  and  valuable  seeds  and  plants. 

The  chief  Executive  officer  is  the  "  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,"  who 
holds  his  office  by  a  tenure  similar  to  that  of  other  civil  officers  appointed 
by  the  President.  The  Commissioner  is  to  acquire  and  preserve  in  his  de 
partment  all  information  concerning  agriculture  which  he  can  obtain  by 
means  of  books  and  correspondence,  and  by  practical  and  scientific  experi 
ments,  (accurate  records  of  which  experiments  shall  be  kept  in  his  office),  by 
the  collection  of  statistics,  and  by  any  other  appropriate  means  within  his 
power ;  to  collect  as  he  may  be  able  new  seeds  and  plants ;  to  test,  by  culti 
vation,  the  value  of  such  of  them  as  may  require  such  tests ;  to  propagate 
such  as  may  be  worthy  of  propagation,  and  to  distribute  them  among  agri 
culturists.  He  annually  makes  a  general  report  in  writing  of  his  acts  to  the 
President  and  to  Congress,  and  he  also  makes  special  reports  on  particular 
subjects  whenever  required  to  do  so  by  the  President  or  either  house  of 
Congress,  or  whenever  he  thinks  the  subject  in  his  charge  requires  it.  He 
directs  and  superintends  the  expenditure  of  all  money  appropriated  by  Con 
gress  to  the  department,  and  renders  accounts  thereof. 

The  chief  clerk  in  the  necessary  absence  of  the  Commissioner,  or  whenever 
the  office  becomes  vacant,  performs  the  duties  of  the  office.  The  Commis 
sioner  under  the  provisions  of  Congress,  appoints  and  employs  chemists, 
botanists,  entomologists,  and  other  persons  skilled  in  the  natural  sciences 
pertaining  to  agriculture. 

The  new  building  of  the  Department  which  was  contracted  for  in  August 
1867,  was  so  far  completed  that  the  offices  of  the  Commissioner  and  his  as 
sistants  were  removed  to  it  in  the  summer  of  1868.  This  building,  situated 
just  west  of  the  grounds  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  is  171  feet  in  length, 
and  62  feet  in  width,  with  a  projection  at  each  end  extending  6  feet  beyond 
the  central  portion,  and  one  on  the  south  front  for  hall  and  staircase.  In 
the  basement,  are  the  operating  rooms  of  the  chemical  laboratory,  folding 


184  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

and  packing  rooms,  and  rooms  for  boiler  and  steam  apparatus.  On  the  first 
floor  are  the  principal  offices  and  library.  The  Commissioner's  rooms  on  this 
floor  are  decorated  with  the  new  wood  wall  paper,  not  only  for  the  purposes 
of  ornament  but  to  illustrate  the  effect  of  different  kinds  of  this  material 
when  properly  applied.  The  principal  room  of  the  second  story  is  103  feet 
long,  51  feet  wide,  and  26  feet  high,  and  is  designed  for  a  grand  agricultural 
museum.  The  seed  rooms  are  in  the  third  story ;  and  the  attic,  when  com 
pleted,  will  furnish  rooms  for  a  variety  of  work  connected  with  the  operations 
of  the  department  now  performed  in  other  places. 

The  propagating  garden  has  been  successfully  conducted.  During  the 
first  13  weeks  of  1867,  the  number  of  plants  distributed  from  it  was  42,173, 
principally  through  members  of  Congress.  The  distribution  of  seeds  for  1867, 
amounted  to  1,426,637  papers.  Of  this  number  352,000  were  distributed 
through  Senators  and  members  of  the  Thirty-Ninth  and  Fortieth  Congresses ; 
88,482  through  agricultural  and  horticultural  organizations ;  164,953  to  corps 
of  statistical  correspondents  in  acknowledgment  of  valuable  gratuitous  ser 
vices  ;  299,975  to  individuals  upon  letters  of  members  of  Congress,  or  upon 
personal  application,  or  in  answer  to  letters  from  individuals;  and  521,227  to 
the  southern  states,  under  the  special  appropriation  for  that  purpose. 

The  present  Commissioner  has  made  arrangements  for  exchanges  of  cereals, 
rare  seeds,  and  medicinal  and  other  plants,  with  various  institutions,  agricul 
tural  departments,  and  societies,  and  several  governments  of  different  divis 
ions  of  the  globe.  The  arrangements  include  the  governments  of  Austria, 
Prussia,  China,  Japan,  Guatemala,  and  British  Honduras ;  the  botanical  gar 
dens  of  Melbourne,  in  Australia,  and  of  Kew,  in  England ;  the  India  museum, 
in  London ;  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  Agricultural  Society ;  and  the  commis 
sioner  of  patents  of  the  Argentine  Republic.  The  hearty  co-operation  of 
scientific  men  representing  these  governments  and  institutions  has  been  se 
cured.  By  these  exchanges  which  are  to  extend  to  all  parts  of  the  world 
where  practicable,  there  will  be  collected  at  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  the  best  variety  of  trees,  shrubs,  plants  and  seeds  adapted  to  the 
climate  and  soil  of  any  part  of  this  country. 

At  the  experimental  farm,  tests  of  seeds,  cereals  and  vegetables,  both  foreign 
and  domestic,  have  been  successfully  continued,  though  the  area  cultivated 
has  been  too  limited  for  the  best  results.  Since  the  erection  of  the  new  build 
ing,  the  farm  has,  from  necessity,  been  appropriated  to  other  purposes. 

In  the  chemical  laboratory  of  the  department,  analyses  and  tests  have 
been  made  to  ascertain  the  value  and  utility  of  various  products,  fertilizers, 
minerals  and  fibers,  the  benefits  of  which  the  country  are  reaping. 

The  museum  already  contains  a  large  collection  of  seeds,  models  of  fruits, 
substances  used  for  clothing,  as  silk,  cotton,  flax,  &c.,  in  different  stages  of 
growth  or  manufacture;  preserved  specimens  of  insects,  birds  and  other 
animals  injurious  or  beneficial  to  vegetation,  all  carefully  classified  and 
placed  so  as  to  be  of  the  most  service.  The  arrangements  adopted,  em 
brace  :  1st.  A  general  classification  by  subjects,  including  all  the  varieties  and 
illustrations  necessary  under  each  head.  2d.  A  classification  by  states,  exhib- 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE.  185 

iting  the  products  or  noxious  animals  of  each.  3d.  An  economic  classifica 
tion  exhibiting  the  substances  and  products  adapted  to  economic  purposes. 

Selections  from  the  information  obtained  from  correspondents  and  other 
wise  are  published  by  the  Department  in  monthly  and  annual  reports. 

The  following  statistics  have  been  compiled  principally  from  the  monthly 
reports  for  1868,  or  have  been  furnished  directly  by  the  Department. 

TABLE  I.  gives  the  Mean  Temperature  and  Rain  Fall  for  each  month,  from 
July,  1867,  to  June,  1868,  inclusive,  compiled  from  reports  made  by  the  ob 
servers  for  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

TABLE  II.  gives  the  average  yield  per  acre  and  the  average  prices  of  the 
principal  crops  for  1867. 

TABLE  III.  gives  the  average  prices  of  farm  stock  in  January,  1868. 

TABLE  IV.  gives  the  condition  of  crops  September  1,  1868,  as  compared 
with  an  average  crop,  where  the  crop  had  been  harvested,  or  an  average 
prospect  of  crop,  where  it  had  not. 

The  highest  temperature  noted,  was  103°,  at  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  July  25, 1867 ;  at  San 
Francisco,  California,  July  30,  1867 ;  at  AUentown,  Missouri,  August  18,  1867 ;  and  at  Baxter 
Springs,  Kansas,  June  28,  1868.  The  lowest  temperature  noted,  was-40°,  at  Minneapolis,  Min 
nesota,  January  12,  1868. 

During  the  "heated  term"  in  July,  1868,  the  maximum  temperature  reported,  was  July  20, 
at  Honton,  Kansas,  where  the  thermometer  stood  at  113°  in  the  shade  for  an  hour;  on  20  days, 
it  was  100"  and  above.  At  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  the  thermometer  was  100°  and  upwards,  on 
16  days.  The  maximum  temperature  at  other  places  on  July  20,  was,  at  Atchison,  Kansas,  107; 
Glendale,  Nebraska,  106 ;  Omaha,  105 ;  and  Warrensburg,  Missouri,  104. 

Wheat.  The  wheat  crop  in  the  following  states  is  represented  below  the  average,  10  repre 
senting  an  average  crop:  Maine,  9.5;  New  Hampshire,  9.5;  New  Jersey,  9.3 ;  Delaware,  7;  Vir 
ginia,  8;  North  Carolina,  7.5 ;  South  Carolina,  8.3;  Georgia,  7.3;  Alabama,  8;  Mississippi,  8.8; 
Texas,  4.8;  Arkansas,  9.1 ;  Tennessee,  9.1 ;  Kentucky,  8.6;  Illinois,  9.2;  Wisconsin,  9.8;  Iowa, 
9.5 ;  Nebraska,  9.8 ;  and  the  following  up  to  or  above  the  average :  Vermont,  10.5 ;  Massachu 
setts,  10;  New  York,  10.3 ;  Pennsylvania,  10.4;  Maryland,  10.1 ;  West  Virginia,  10.1 ;  Missouri, 
10.6;  Indiana,  10.6;  Ohio,  10;  Michigan,  10.5;  Minnesota,  11.4;  Kansas,  10.8. 

Corn.  The  most  remarkable  fact  in  connection  with  the  corn  crop  of  1868,  is  the  great  in 
crease  of  its  acreage  in  the  south,  the  difference  in  number  of  acres  between  the  present  and 
preceding  year  being  more  than  two  millions  and  a  half.  A  slight  decrease  is  apparent  in  the 
eastern  seaboard  states,  resulting  from  the  unpropitious  character  of  the  cold,  wet,  and  back 
ward  spring,  which  sadly  interfered  with  planting.  A  careful  estimate  of  the  acreage  shows  a 
decrease  of  49,609  acres  in  eight  states,  and  an  increase  of  3,108,215  acres  in  the  remaining 
states,  as  follows : 

DECREASE. 

Acres.  Acres.  Acres. 

Maine 3.300       Rhode  Island 1.719    .   New  Jersey 8,818 

New  Hampshire 3,184       Connecticut 9.511       Maryland 8,204 

Massachusetts 1,985       New  York 


INCREASE. 

Acres.  Acres.  Acres. 

Vermont 1,679  Mississippi 313,109       Kansas 63,411 

Pennsylvania 57,106  Louisiana 397.291        Iowa 236.682 

Delaware 6,697  Texas 132,229       Minnesota 25,500 

Virginia 70,775  Arkansas 376.762       Wisconsin 32,361 

North  Carolina 216,927  Tennessee 127,215  Michigan...                ..  48,146 

South  Carolina 89,764  West  Virginia 13,131        Ohio 178,397 

Georgia 255.987  Kentucky 207.307       Indiana 100.626 

Florida 48,728  Missouri 407.942       Illinois 366,692 

Alabama 43,827  Nebraska 16,145 

These  figures  show  an  increase  of  over  3,000,000  of  acres  in  corn,  making  about  36,000,000  in 
the  United  States,  an  advance  of  9  per  cent.  The  per  centage  of  Louisiana  reaches  65 ;  Arkan 
sas,  47;  Kansas,  30;  Mississippi,  25 ;  Nebraska,  25;  Missouri,  22 ;  Texas,  18 ;  Minnesota,  17 ; 
Iowa,  15 ;  Illinois  and  Ohio,  8 ;  Indiana,  4. 


186 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


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1869.] 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


189 


IV.  CONDITION  OF  CHOPS,  SEPTEMBER,  1868. 

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190  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION. 

As  this  Department  has  been  only  recently  established,  and  will  hereafter 
be  looked  to  by  school  officers,  teachers,  and  students  of  educational  prog 
ress,  at  home  and  abroad,  for  the  most  recent  and  most  reliable  information 
respecting  the  whole  subject  of  Education  and  Schools  in  this  country,  we 
give  the  following  account  of  its  organization  and  its  modes  of  operation 
and  practical  results  for  the  first  year,  drawn  from  the  following  documents : 

(1).     Official  circulars  of  the  department  of  Education,  Numbers  I  to  XIII. 

(2).     Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education,  dated  March  15,  1868. 

(3).  Special  Report  on  the  condition  and  improvement  of  Public  Schools 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  with  an  account  of  the  System,  Digest  of  the 
Regulations  and  the  Subjects  and  Courses  of  Instruction  of  Public  Schools, 
in  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States,  dated  July,  1868. 

(4).  The  American  Journal  of  Education — National  Series,  Vol.  1, 1867-68. 
This  quarterly  publication  has  no  official  character,  and  although  under  the 
editorial  supervision  of  the  Commissioner,  is  published  without  any  expense 
to  the  Department. 

The  Act  creating  a  National  Department  of  Education  approved  March 
2,  1867,  is  as  follows : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in 
Congress  assembled,  That  there  shall  be  established,  at  the  city  of  Washington,  a  Department 
of  Education  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  such  statistics  and  facts  as  shall  show  the  condition 
and  progress  of  education  in  the  several  States  and  Territories,  and  of  diffusing  such  informa 
tion  respecting  the  organization  and  management  of  schools  and  school  systems,  and  methods 
of  teaching,  as  shall  aid  the  people  of  the  United  States  in  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  efficient  school  systems,  and  otherwise  promote  the  cause  of  education  throughout  the 
country. 

SEC.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  a  Commissioner  of  Education,  who  shall  be  intrusted  with 
the  management  of  the  department  herein  established,  and  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  four 
thousand  dollars  per  annum,  and  who  shall  have  authority  to  appoint  one  chief  clerk  of  his  de 
partment,  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  two  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  one  clerk  who  shall  re 
ceive  a  salary  of  eighteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  and  one  clerk  who  shall  receive  a  salary 
of  sixteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  which  said  clerks  shall  be  subject  to  the  appointing  and 
removing  power  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education. 

SEC.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  of  Educa 
tion  to  present  annually  to  Congress  a  report  embodying  the  results  of  his  investigations  and 
labors,  together  with  a  statement  of  such  facts  and  recommendations  as  will,  in  his  judgment, 
subserve  the  purpose  for  which  this  department  is  established.  In  the  first  report  made  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Education  under  this  act  there  shall  be  presented  a  statement  of  the  several 
grants  of  land  made  by  Congress  to  promote  education,  and  the  manner  in  which  these  several 
trusts  have  been  managed,  the  amount  of  funds  arising  therefrom,  and  the  annual  proceeds  of 
the  same,  as  far  as  the  same  can  be  determined. 

SEC.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  is  hereby  au 
thorized  and  directed  to  furnish  proper  offices  for  the  use  of  the  department  herein  established. 

On  the  llth  of  March,  HENRY  BARNARD*  was  nominated  by  President  John 
son,  and  on  the  16th  was  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  Commissioner  of  Education. 
Rooms  were  provided  by  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  for  the 

*Dr.  Barnard,  at  the  time  was  President  of  St.  John's  College,  at  Annapolis.  Maryland,  but 
since  1837  has  been  connected  with  the  administration  of  public  schools  in  the  States  of  Con 
necticut  and  Rhode  Island,  and  in  varied  efforts  to  advance  the  work  of  educational  reform 
and  improvement  in  different  parts  of  the  country. 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION.  191 

Department ;  the  three  clerks  provided  for  were  appointed,  and  the  following 
plan  of  operations  was  adopted  by  the  Commissioner. 

The  first  step  taken  was  to  make  known  the  provisions  of  the  Act,  estab 
lishing  the  department,  and  at  the  same  time  to  map  out  the  field  of  inquiry 
into  which  the  Commissioner  was  about  to  enter. 

SCHEDULE  OF  INFORMATION  SOUGHT. 
I.  GENERAL.  VIEW  OF  SYSTEMS,  INSTITUTIONS,  AND  AGENCIES  OF  EDUCATION. 

A.  GENERAL  CONDITION  (of  District,  Village,  City.  County,  State). 

(Territorial  Extent,  Municipal  Organization,  Population,  Valuation,  Receipts,  and  Expendit 
ures  for  all  public  purposes). 

B.  SYSTEM  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 

C.  INCORPORATED  INSTITUTIONS  AND  OTHER  SCHOOLS  AND  AGENCIES  OF  EDUCATION. 

II.    DETAILS  OF  SYSTEM  AND  INSTRUCTION. 
ELEMENTARY  OR  PRIMARY  EDUCATION. 
(Public,  Private,  and  Denominational ;  and  for  boys  or  girls). 

2.  ACADEMIC  OR  SECONDARY  EDUCATION. 

(Institutions  mainly  devoted  to  studies  not  taught  in  the  Elementary  Schools,  and  to  prep 
aration  for  College  or  Special  Schools). 

3.  COLLEGIATE  OR  SUPERIOR  EDUCATION. 

(Institutions  entitled  by  law  to  grant  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  or  Science). 

4.  PROFESSIONAL,  SPECIAL,  OR  CLASS  EDUCATION. 

(Institutions  having  special  studies  and  training,  such  as— 1,  Theology.  2,  Law.  3,  Medi 
cine.  4,  Teaching.  5,  Agriculture.  6,  Architecture,  (Design  and  Construction).  7,  Technology 
— Polytechnic.  8,  Engineering,  (Civil  or  Mechanical).  9,  War,  (on  land  or  sea).  10,  Business 
or  Trade.  11,  Navigation.  12,  Mining  and  Metallurgy.  13,  Drawing  and  Painting.  14,  Music. 
15,  Deaf  Mutes.  16,  Blind.  17,  Idiotic.  18,  Juvenile  Offenders.  19,  Orphans.  20,  Girls.  21, 
Colored  Freedmen.  22,  Manual  or  Industrial.  23,  'Not  specified  above— such  as  Chemistry  and 
its  applications— Modern  Languages— Natural  History  and  Geology— Steam  and  its  applications 
— Pharmacy — Veterinary  Surgery,  &c). 

5.  SUPPLEMENTARY  EDUCATION. 

1,  Sunday  and  Mission  Schools.  2,  Apprentice  Schools.  3,  Evening  Schools.  4,  Courses 
of  Lectures.  5,  Lyceums  for  Debates.  6,  Reading  Rooms— Periodicals.  7,  Libraries  of  Refer 
ence  or  Circulation.  8,  Gymnasiums,  Boat  and  Ball  Clubs,  and  other  Athletic  Exercises.  9, 
Public  Gardens,  Parks  and  Concerts.  10,  Not  specified  above. 

6.  SOCIETIES,  INSTITUTES,  MUSEUMS,  CABINETS,  AND  GALLERIES  FOB  THE  ADVANCEMENT 
OF  EDUCATION,  SCIENCE,  LITERATURE,  AND  THE  ARTS. 

7.  EDUCATIONAL  AND  OTHER  PERIODICALS. 

8.  SCHOOL  FUNDS  AND  EDUCATIONAL  BENEFACTIONS. 

9.  LEGISLATION  (STATE  OR  MUNICIPAL)  RESPECTING  EDUCATION. 

10.  SCHOOL  ARCHITECTURE. 

11.  PENAL  AND  CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

12.  CHURCHES  AND  OTHER  AGENCIES  OF  RELIGIOUS  INSTRUCTION. 

13.  REPORTS  AND  OTHER  PUBLICATIONS  ON  SCHOOLS  AND  EDUCATION. 

14.  MEMOIRS  OF  TEACHERS,  AND  PROMOTERS  OF  EDUCATION. 

15.  EXAMINATIONS -(COMPETITIVE,  OR  OTHERWISE)  FOR  ADMISSION  TO  NATIONAL  OR  STATE 
SCHOOLS,  OR  TO  PUBLIC  SERVICE  OF  ANY  KIND. 

MODES  OF  OBTAINING  INFORMATION. 

The  sources  of  information  respecting  Educational  Institutions  relied  on,  are : 

(1).     The  annual  reports  and  special  replies  of  officers  charged  with  their 

administration  in  the  several  states,  or  personal  visitation  of  institutions  by 

the  Commissioner,  or  inspectors  qualified  to  judge  and  report  upon  subjects 

in  regard  to  which  information  is  sought. 

(2).     The  annual  meetings  and  published  proceedings  of  national  societies 


192  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

devoted  to  general  or  special  educational  objects,  and  similar  meetings  of 
state,  county,  and  town  Teachers'  Associations. 

(3).  Correspondence  with  the  active  school  men  of  the  day,  both  at  home 
and  abroad,  respecting  systems  of  public  instruction,  and  institutions  of  learn 
ing  of  every  kind. 

(4).  A  library  and  cabinet  of  education,  based  on  a  collection  commenced 
thirty  years  ago,  of  text-books  and  school  documents,  giving  the  results  of 
the  experience  of  states,  institutions  and  individuals,  in  the  work. 

(5).  The  daily  and  weekly  press  for  current  information  of  all  important 
educational  movements  and  discussions. 

MODES  OF  DISSEMINATING  INFORMATION. 

The  several  agencies  employed  for  collecting  information,  viz :  The  annual 
meetings  of  educational  associations,  national,  state  and  municipal ;  corres 
pondence  with  officers,  teachers  and  friends  of  educational  improvement,  the 
press,  as  well  as  personal  interviews,  have  been  resorted  to,  to  disseminate 
information  as  to  the  objects  and  needs  of  the  department.  In  addition  to 
these,  the  following  plan  of  publication  has  been  adopted. 

PLAN  OF  PUBLICATION. 
"  As  at  present  advised,  the  following  plan  of  publication  will  be  pursued : 

1.  Monthly  Circular.    To  be  issued  monthly — each  number  to  be  devoted  to  such  special 
subject  as  the  correspondence  or  investigations  of  the  Department  may  require ;  and  if  the 
requisite  clerical  labor  can  be  devoted  to  its  preparation,  to  a  monthly  summary  of  Education 
Intelligence  and  Statistics  in  different  States  and  Countries. 

These  Circulars  will  not  be  printed  for  general  distribution,  and  as  a  general  rule  will  be 
mailed,  in  answer  or  inquiry,  to  correspondents,  or  to  persons  known  to  be,  or  who  may  write, 
that  they  are  specially  interested  in  the  subject. 

The  matter  contained  in  them,  in  addition  to  the  official,  will  not  always  be  new,  but  euch 
articles  will  be  introduced  from  former  publications  of  the  Commissioner,  or  of  others,  as  he 
may  think  illustrative  of  the  special  subject  to  which  the  Circular  is  devoted. 

2.  A  Quarterly  Publication.    It  is  proposed  to  begin  a  National  Series  of  the  American 
Journal  of  Education,  with  a  view  of  completing  the  encyclopecliac  view  of  Education— its  His 
tory,  System,  Institutions,  Principles,  Methods,  and  Statistics ;  begun  several  years  since,  and 
prosecuted  thus  far  with  a  special  reference  to  the  condition  and  wants  of  our  own  schools,  and 
with  a  studious  avoidance  of  all  matters  foreign  to  the  main  object.    The  range  and  exhaustive 
treatment  of  subjects  can  be  seen  by  the  Classified  Index,  which  will  be  forwarded  if  desired. 

Although  the  Journal  will  remain  for  the  present  under  the  editorial  supervision  of  the  Com 
missioner,  who  will  receive  no  compensation  for  this  service,  it  will  be  entirely  the  private 
enterprise  of  its  publisher,  who  will  soon  announce  his  plan  and  terms. 

The  Department  will  be  in  no  way  responsible  for  the  matter  or  the  expense,  but  will  avail 
itself  of  this  mode  of  printing  documents  prepared  by,  or  at  the  request  of  the  Commissioner, 
which  it  may  be  desirable  to  issue  in  advance  or  aside  of  any  other  form  of  publication. 

The  numbers  will  be  sent  only  to  subscribers,  or  to  special  orders  addressed  to  the  Publisher, 
Hartford,  Conn. 

3.  Educational  Documents  and  Tracts.    The  Commissioner,  with  euch  cooperation 
as  he  can  enlist,  will  at  once  begin  the  preparation  or  rather  the  revision  and  completion  of  a 
series  of  Educational  Documents  (A)  begun  several  years  ago,  after  consultation  with  several 
of  the  most  eminent  educators  of  the  country  ;  each  of  which  will  be  devoted  to  an  exhaustive 
treatment  of  a  particular  subject,  and  at  the  same  time  be  so  prepared  as  to  give  a  brief  sum 
mary  of  the  general  principles  and  statistics  connected  with  the  same  for  circulation  by  itself. 

The  plan  of  publication  (B)  will  be  set  forth  in  his  first  Annual  Report. 

4.  An  Annual  Report.    As  is  provided  for  in  the  Act  establishing  this  Department,  a 
Report  will  be  submitted  to  Congress  annually,  in  which,  after  the  preliminary  arrangements 
have  been  completed  for  obtaining  full  and  reliable  information,  the  progress  and  condition  of 
Education  in  different  States  and  countries  during  the  year  will  be  presented. 


1869.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION.  193 

The  following  is  the  series  of  Educational  Documents  referred  to  above  (A): 

1.  A  Catalogue  of  the  best  publications  on  the  organization,  instruction  and  discipline  of 
schools,  of  every  grade,  and  on  the  principles  of  education,  in  different  languages,  which  can 
be  consulted  in  the  Library  of  the  Department  of  Education  at  Washington. 

2.  A  History  of  Education,  ancient  and  modern,  with  reference  to  the  original  authorities, 
where  the  systems  and  institutions  of  each  country  can  be  more  fully  investigated. 

3.  An  Account  of  Elementary  Instruction  in  Europe. 

4.  National  Education  in  the  United  States ;  or  contributions  to  the  history  and  improve 
ment  of  common  or  public  schools,  and  other  institutions,  means  and  agencies  of  popular  edu 
cation  in  the  several  States. 

5.  School  Architecture  ;  or  the  principles  of  construction,  ventilation,  wanning,  acoustics, 
seating,  &c. ;  applied  to  school  rooms,  lecture  halls,  and  class  rooms,  with  illustrations. 

6.  Normal  Schools,  Training  Schools,  Teachers'  Institutes,  and  other  institutions,  means, 
and  agencies,  for  the  professional  training  and  improvement  of  teachers. 

7.  System  of  Public  Education  for  large  cities  and  villages,  with  an  account  of  the  schools 
and  other  means  of  popular  education  and  recreation  in  the  principal  cities  of  Europe  and  in 
this  country. 

8.  System  of  Popular  Education  for  sparsely  populated  districts,  with  an  account  of  schools 
in  the  agricultural  portions  of  different  countries. 

9.  Schools  of  Agriculture,  and  other  means  of  advancing  the  special  instruction  of  persons 
engaged  in  agriculture. 

10.  Schools  of  Science  applied  to  the  mechanic  arts,  civil  engineering,  &c. 

11.  Schools  of  Trade,  Navigation,  Commerce,  &c. 

12.  Female  Education,  with  an  account  of  different  systems  and  seminaries  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe. 

13.  Institutions  for  Orphans. 

14.  Schools  of  Industry,  or  institutions  for  truant,  idle  or  neglected  children,  before  they 
have  been  convicted  of  crime. 

15.  Reform  Schools,  or  institutions  for  young  criminals. 

16.  Houses  of  Refuge,  for  adult  criminals. 

17.  Secondary  Education,  including  a,  institutions  preparatory  to  college,  and  J,  institutions 
preparatory  to  special  schools  of  agriculture,  engineering,  trade,  navigation,  &c. 

18.  Colleges  and  Universities. 

19.  Schools  of  Theology,  Law,  and  Medicine. 

20.  Military  and  Naval  Schools. 

21.  Supplementary  Education,  including  adult  schools,  evening  schools,  courses  of  popular 
lectures,  debating  classes,  mechanic  institutes,  &c. 

22.  Libraries,  with  hints  for  the  purchase,  arrangement,  catalogueing,  drawing,  and  preser 
vation  of  books,  especially  in  libraries  designed  for  popular  use. 

23.  Institutions  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Blind,  and  Idiots. 

24.  Societies  for  the  Encouragement  of  Science,  the  Arts,  and  Education. 

25.  Schools  and  Academies  of  Art,  Public  Museums  and  Galleries. 

26.  Public  Gardens,  and  other  arrangements  for  popular  recreation. 

27.  Educational  Tracts,  or  a  series  of  short  essays  on  topics  of  immediate  practical  impor- 
tance  to  teachers  and  school  officers. 

28.  Educational  Biography,  or  the  lives  of  distinguished  educators  and  teachers. 

This  series  will  embrace  the  most  important  institutions  and  agencies  by 
wliich  the  education  of  the  country  is  secured." 

WORK  DONE  OR  IN  PROGRESS. 

1.  National  Land  Grants  for  Educational  Purposes.  In  pursuance  of  the 
requirement  of  the  Act,  establishing  the  department,  an  investigation  into 
the  history  "  of  the  several  grants  of  land  made  by  Congress  to  promote  educa 
tion,  and  the  manner  in  which  these  several  trusts  have  been  managed,1'  was 
the  first  step  taken  after  organizing  the  Department.  A  preliminary  report 
giving  the  legislation  of  Congress,  and  the  action  of  the  several  states,  in 
regard  to  "  the  public  lands  devoted  to  the  several  states  to  provide  colleges 
13 


194  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [I860. 

for  the  benefit  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,"  was  at  once  prepared 
and  printed  in  official  circular,  No.  VI,  and  the  supplement,  and  submitted 
to  Congress  in  the  first  general  report  of  the  department.  To  the  report  on 
Colleges  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts,  will  be  added  in  a  subsequent 
communication  a  notice  of  similar  institutions  in  the  different  states,  not 
aided  by  the  national  grants,  together  with  a  comprehensive  survey  of  the 
whole  field  of  realistic  and  special  scientific  education  in  the  principal  states 
of  Europe — much  of  the  material  of  which  has  been  already  collected  with 
out  any  expense  to  the  department. 

2.  Condition  of  Public  Schools  in  the  District  of  Columbia;    In  pursuance 
of  a  Joint  Resolution  of  Congress,  approved  March  29,  1867,  the  Commis 
sioner  instituted  an  exhaustive  inquiry  "  as  to  the  number  of  children  of  the 
ordinary  school  age  ;  the  number  of  the  same  in  any  school,  public  or  private, 
and  such  other  facts  as  were  necessary  to  form  an  intelligent  opinion  as  to 
the  relative  efficiency  of  the  school  system  in  operation  in  the  District,  and 
what  additional  legislation  was  necessary  to  secure  the  advantages  of  the 
best  system  to  all  the  children."     The  results  of  that  inquiry  are  embodied 
in  a  Special  Eeport  to  Congress,  which  includes  besides  the  history  and  con 
dition  of  public  schools  and  other  means  of  education  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  an  account  of  the  organization  and  operation  of  public  schools  of 
all  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States — a  digest  of  the  regulations 
adopted  by  school  authorities  of  these  cities,  and  the  subjects  and  courses  of 
instruction  in  detail  of  the  cities  of  Boston,  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Louisville, 
New  Bedford,  New  Haven,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  St.  Louis.     To  this 
account  of  the  system  of  public  schools  in  our  principal  cities  is  appended  a 
full  account  of  the  public  schools  of  Berlin,  the  Capital  of  Prussia,  with  the 
programme  of  instruction  in  several-  schools  of  each  grade,  with  a  full  ac 
count  of  Froebel's  Infant  Gardens,  of  the  Real  Schools,  and  the  Gymnasium  of 
that  city.     To  this  account  of  the  school  system  of  Berlin,  the  Commissioner 
proposes  to  add  in  a  supplementary  report,  an  account  of  the  educational 
system  of  Paris,  London,  Edinburgh,  Dresden,  Vienna,  Brussels,  and  the  other 
capitals  of  Europe. 

3.  Constitutional  Provisions  respecting  schools.     In  answer  to  inquiries  in 
numerous  letters  from  those  who  were  engaged  in  revising  and  framing  con 
stitutions  in  thirteen  states,  during  the  last  year  (1867-8),  a  document  was 
prepared  intended  to  embrace  every  provision  found  in  the  successive  con 
stitutions  of  each  state  respecting  Education,  Literature,  and  Science.     This 
was  printed  as  Circular  Nos.  IV  and  V,  and  supplement. 

4.  Legislation  respecting  Systems  of  Elementary  Instruction.     A  collection 
of  the  school  codes  of  the  several  states  has  been  prepared,  embracing  the 
earliest  law  of  each  state,  and  a  brief  notice  of  all  subsequent  modifications, 
and  the  last  revisions.     The  historical  portion  of  this  document  was  mainly 
prepared  before  the  establishment  of  the  Department,  but  will  be  placed  at 
its  disposal  in  case  the  publication  of  this  valuable  document  is  authorized 
by  Congress.     [No  provision  for  its  publication  was  made  by  Congress]. 

5.  European  Systems   of  Instruction.     In  addition  to  a  series  of  articles 


I860.]  DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION.  195 

on  the  relations  of  the  state  to  education,  an  account  of  the  school  sys 
tem  of  the  Canton  Zurich,  together  with  a  literal  translation  of  the  school 
code,  was  published  in  official  circular,  No.  VII,  to  illustrate  the  manner  in 
which  the  question  of  the  authority  and  duty  of  the  state  in  popular  educa 
tion,  has  been  practically  solved  by  a  republic  of  the  old  world.  This  will 
be  followed  by  an  account  of  the  school  system  of  the  other  Cantons  of 
Switzerland,  and  a  full  account  of  the  school  system  and  statistics  of  all  the 
principal  European  States. 

6.  Female  Education.     To  the  discussion  of  the  problems  yet  unsolved 
in  many  states  and  cities,  as  to  the  limitation  and  modification  of  courses  of 
instruction  required  by  the  peculiarities  of  constitution  and  occupation  of 
women,  the  Commissioner  proposes  to  bring  the  experience  of  systems,  in 
stitutions  and  individuals  in  different  states  and  countries.     Sources  of  infor 
mation  on  the  subject,  and  the  experience  of  one  leading  institution,  Oberlin 
College,  Ohio,  are  given  in  official  circular,  No.  VIII. 

7.  Academic  or  Secondary  Education.     On  the  important  subject  of  insti 
tutions  for  Secondary  Education — including  Public  High  Schools  and  Acad 
emies  for  either  or  both  sexes — although  the  means  for  exhibiting  their  pres 
ent  condition  in  every  State  are  not  sufficiently  collected,  yet  to  aid  in  the 
further  collection  of  materials  and  in  the  discussion  of  the  subject,  the  Com 
missioner  has  already  published  a  general  view  of  the  system  as  it  exists  in 
New  England  (circular  IX,)  as  well  as  a  full  account  of  the  system  of  several 
of  the  principal  countries  of  Europe,  one  of  which  (Prussia)  is  printed  in 
official  circular,  No.  X.     This  subject  is  still  further  discussed  in  the  Sjjecial 
Report  on  the  Public  Schools  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

8.  School  Houses.     To  numerous  inquiries  respecting  school  houses,  the 
Commissioner,  as  an  expeditious  and  economical  mode  of  returning  answers, 
has  commenced  the  preparation  of  a  document  containing  plans  of  build 
ings  recently  erected  for  schools  of  different  kinds  and  grades.         A  selection 
from  these  relating  to  graded  schools  in  cities,  including  133  illustrations, 
will  be  found  in  official  circular,  No.  XL 

9.  Professional  Training  and  Improvement  of  Teachers.     To  help  teachers 
in  their  work,  and  to  contribute  to  the  highest  improvement  of  special  in 
stitutions  for  this  object,  a  document  has  been  prepared,  showing  what  has 
been  clone,  or  is  now  doing  in  the  different  states  for  the  special  training  of 
teachers  for  their  work, — portions  of  which  will  be  found  in  official  circular, 
No.  XII.     This  includes  descriptions  of  twenty-three  State  Normal  Schools, 
and  ten  city  Training  Schools.     The  main  facts  in  the  history  and  condition 
of  these  state  institutions  will  be  found  in  Table  X. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  Department  for  the  use  of  valuable  material  in  the  preparation  of  sev 
eral  of  the  following  tables,  particularly  for  those  relating  to  the  United  States  Land  Grants  to 
the  several  States  for  Educational  uses,  and  the  cost  of  education  in  cities. 

Table  I.  embraces  the  Colleges  and  Collegiate  Institutions,  both  male  and  female,  from  which 
we  have  been  able  to  obtain  information  by  letter  or  otherwise.  It  was  the  intention  to  classify 
these,  separating  the  colleges  authorized  to  confer  degrees  from  the  others,  but  it  was  imprac 
ticable  to  make  an  accurate  classification  in  time  for  this  year.  Table  II.  embraces  the  principal 
Theological  Seminaries ;  Tables  III.  and  IV.  the  Medical  and  Law  Schools ;  Table  V.  the  State 
and  City  Normal  Schools;  and  Table  VI.  the  Agricultural  and  Scientific  Schools. 


196  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

I.     COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS — MALE  AND  FEMALE. 


fo.                                      Name. 

Location. 

•sf 

1J 

O 

Denomination. 

1  Spring  Hill  College 

St  Joseph,  near  Mobile.Ala.  .  . 
Tuskaloosa  " 
Marion  " 
Oakland  Cal... 
Oakland  .'  " 
Santa  Clara                          " 

1835 

1831 
1841 
1855 
1864 
1851 
1858 
1851 
1861 
1701 
1823 
1831 
1847 
1833 
1822 
1867 
1848 
1792 
1837 
1801 
1835 
1838 
1854 
1833 
1855 
1852 
1830 

i832 
1855 

1838 

Catholic 

2  University  of  Alabama 

State 

3  Howard  College*  
4  University  of  California  
5  Female  College  of  the  Pacific  
6  ;  Santa  Clara  Collcfe 

Baptist  

State. 

Catholic  
Catholic 

7  jSt.  Ignatius  College  
8  University  of  thePacific*  
9  Pacific  Methodist*  
10  -Yale  College.. 

San  Francisco  

:  « 

Santa  Clara  

Methodist  
Methodist  
Congregational  
Episcopal 

Vacaville 

New  Haven  

.  Conn  . 

11  Trinity  College 

Hartford  

Middletown 

12  Wesleyan  University  
13  St.  Mary's  College*  
14  Delaware  Ag.  College*  
15  1  Columbian  College 

Methodist  
Catholic 

Wilmington  
Newark 

.Del... 

Washington 

D    C 

Baptist  
National  
Catholic  
Catholic  
Methodist  Epis..  . 
State  Institution... 
Presbyterian  
Methodist  
Baptist  
Baptist 

16  Howard  University  
17  Gonza<>-a  College 

Washington  
Washington  
Georgetown  
Oxford  

Athens 

!Ga... 

18  Georgetown  College  
19  (Emory  College.. 

20  University  of  Georgia 

21  Oglethorpe  University  
22  Wesleyan  Female  College  
23  Marshall  College* 

Milledgeville  
Macon  

Griffin 

:  \ 

24  Mercer  University*  
25  Cherokee  Collefe* 

Penfleld  

t 

Cassville 

Baptist 

20  Illinois  Wesleyan  University  
27  Illinois  College  
28  '  Abin^don  College* 

Bloomington  

.Ills... 

Methodist  Epis.... 

Jacksonville  
Abingdon 

29  Shurtleff  College  
30  Northwestern  Female  College..  .  . 
31  Illinois  Soldiers  College* 

Upper  Alton  

tt 

Baptist  

Evanston  

Fulton 

.     " 

Methodist 

32  Knox  College  
33  Ewing  University* 

Galesburg  

Knoxville 

u 

34  McKendree  College 

Lebanon 

u 

1828 

1850 

1847 
1855 
1856 

Methodist  Epis  

Methodist  Epis  
Methodist 

35  Wheaton  College*  
36  Northwestern  University 

Wht-aton  

u 

Evanston 

u 

37  '111.  Conf.  Female  College*  
38  Jubilee  College  
39  Southern  111  Female  College* 

Jacksonville 

u 

Robin's  Nest  
Salem 

• 

Episcopal  
Methodist 

40  Monmouth  College  
41  Southern  111  .  College*  

42  'Eureka  College 

Monmouth  
Carbondale  
Eureka 

:  ; 

U'ted  Presbyterian. 

1852 

Campbellite  

43  Lincoln  University*  
44  Illinois  Female  College.. 

Lincoln  

Jacksonville 

:  \ 

1847 

Methodist  

45  iAlmira  Female  College* 

Greenville 

46  Chicago  University  

47  1  Illinois  Industrial  University  
48  Quincy  College* 

Chicago  

Urbana 

:  \ 

1859 
1868 
1855 

Baptist  

State  

Quincy 

49  Lombard  University*  
50  -Franklin  College  
51  'Notre  Dame 

Galesburg  
Franklin.  Johnson  Co. 
St  Joseph  Co 

jnd.  .  . 

1843 
1844 
1850 
1834 
1861 
1859 

Baptist  
Catholic  
U'ted  Bre.  in  Christ. 

Presbyterian  
Methodist  Epis  
Christian 

52  Hart^ville  University 

Hartsville  
Crawfordsville.. 

•u 

53  W  abash  College  
54  'Stockwell  Collegiate  Institute  
55  Union  Christian  College  
56  {Valparaiso  Male  and  Female  Col.. 
57  Indiana  Asbury  University  
58  Indiana  University 

Stockwell  

Merom 

Valparaiso 

Greencastle.  Putnam  Co.     ' 
Bloomington  ' 
Centreville,  Wayne  Co..      ' 
Hanover                                ' 

1837 
1828 
1865 
1833 
1,855 
1849 

1856 
1861 
1856 
1857 
1860 

Methodist  Epis  
State  Institution... 
Old  Sch.  Presby'an. 
Presbvterian  
Christian  
Methodist  

59  Centerville  Collegiate  Institute..  . 
(50  Hanover  College  
61  Northwestern  Chris.  University*. 
62  Brookville  College  
63  .Moore's  Hill  Male  and  Female  Col 
legiate  Institute  
04  Norwegian  Lutheran  College  
65  Central  University  of  Iowa  
66  Cornell  College  
67:  Iowa  State  University... 

Indianapolis  
Brookville  .  .   . 

.Iowa. 

Moore's  Hill  
Decorah  
Pella,  Marion  Co  
Mount  Vernon 

Methodist  
Evan'ical  Lutheran. 
Baptist  
Methodist  
State.  .  . 

Iowa  City.  .. 

" 

*  These  Colleges  did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent. 


COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS. 
COLLEGES,  ETC. 


197 


„.. 

President. 

Number 
of  Instructors. 

Number 
of  Students. 

ll 
"» 

i! 

!C  0 

•s 

Number  of 
Volumes 
in  Libraries. 

An'al  expense 
to  each  Stu 
dent    for   Tui 
tion. 

Time  of  Commencement. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
J! 
15 
16 
17 
18 
lit 
30 
21 
22 
23 
24 
y.-> 
m 

27 
28 
29 
80 
31 
82 
83 
:!1 
85 

•M\ 

37 
38 
89 

40 

41 
1-.' 
43 
41 
45 
46 
47 
48 
-l'i 

Rev.  L.  Curioz...                      .1  21      212 

l.                                                     i 

3 

8,000 

a$225g'ld 

Oct.  22d. 

J  L  M  Currv  LL  D 

::::"::i:.: 

Bev.S.H.  Willey  
Rev.  E.  B.  Walsworth  
Rev   A   Varsi 

6 
17 
23 
14 
6 

30 
150 
191 

400 

19 

8 

...? 

2 
""3 

2.000 
25,000 
10.000 
5.000 
600 

85 
a     500 
a     350 
50-80 

1st  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thurs.  in  May. 
Last  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  week  in  June. 

Rev.  N.  Condato  
Edward  Bannister,  D.D  

Theo.  D.  Woolsey,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
Abner  Jackson,  D.D  
Joseph  Cummin^s  D  D 

19 
10 

8 

505 
75 
139 

80,200 
12.0UO 
17,000 

102 
50 
33 

3d  Thurs.  in  July. 
2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
3d  Thurs.  in  July. 

600 

880 

225 

356 

Geo  W   Samson   D  D 

26 

432 

356 

121 

5,000 

55 

'"60" 
a     325 
a     250 
60 
60 
48 
90 

Last  Wed.  in  June. 

Byron  Sunderland,  D.D  
Rev  B  F  Wi"-et 

21 
7 
5 
14 
3 
9 

"5" 
5 

300 

you 

175 
76 
150 
36 
144 

175 
56 

3,000 
30.000 
7,000 
7,500 

1st  Friday  in  July. 
Wed.  aft.  3d  Mo.  Jul. 
2d  Wed.  in  July. 
1st  Wed.  in  Aug. 
Last  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  July. 

Rev  B  A   Ma°riire 

Luther  M.  Smith,  D.D  
Henry  H  Tucker,  D  D 

380 
259 
900 
365 

478 

65 
37 

'ilS 

A.  A.  Lipscomb,  D.D  
R.C.  Smith  
J  M  Bonnell 

•  3,000 
1,000 

'"40 
213 

ii 

63 

i',50() 
6,000 

Olivers.  Munseli,  D.D  
Rev.  J.  M.  Sturtevant  

25-32 
40 

3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
1st  Thurs.  in  June. 

Rev  D  Read  LL  D 

11 
12 

217 
150 

75 
45 

65 

4,500 
500 

36 

48 

2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June  . 

Rev.  Lucius  H.  Bugbee,  A.M.  . 

5       51 

144 

32 

6,500 

30 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 

:::::  

Robert  Allyn,  D.D  

6      267 

179 



28 

6,500 

24 

2d  Thurs.  in  June. 

Henry  S.  Noyes,  A.M 

10 
9 
3 
6 

41 
150 
42 
50 

3,000 

45 

L'stTh.b'tlinJun. 

Charles  Adams,  D.D  
Rt.  Rev.  H.  J.  Whitehouse... 
J.  S.  Moore,  A  M.. 

32 

3,000 

30 
'"24^6" 

Last  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 

David  A.  Wallace,  D.D  

12 

"s 

384 
'266 

181 
""38 

39 

'is 

1,500 

i',5o6 
2,666 

H.  W.  Everest,  A.M      

24-30 

Last  week  in  June  . 

W.  II.  DeMotte,  A.M  

10 

200 

225 

36 

3d  week  in  June. 

J.  C.  Burroughs,  D.D  
John  M.  Gregory,  LL.D  

"9" 

"77 

15-20 

"s 

45 
5 

I 
J 

'266 
500 
240 
195 
165 
109 

i. 

51 
52 
58 
54 
55 
56 
57 

:> 
.7.1 
60 
61 

<\-> 

63 
64 
65 
66 

(17 

Rev.  Wm.  Hill,  A.M. 

1,000 
7,000 

10,666 
'366 

32 
a     300 
12 
30 
25 
18-30 

1st  week  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June  . 
2d  Tues.  in  June. 
4th  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  week  in  June. 
3d  week  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Thur.  before  July  4. 
3d  Fri.  in  June. 
3d  week  in  June. 

Rev.  W  Corby. 

112 
5 

182 

'"4 

50 
1 
62 

""2 

J.  W.  Scribner,  A.B.. 
Joseph  F.  Tuttle,  D.D  
J.  H.  Clarke  

Thomas  Holmes  .  .  . 
Rev.  Thos.  B.  Wood  

Thos.  Bowman,  D.D  
Cyrus  Nutt,  D.D  

9 

10 

7 

368 
296 
100 

346 
309 

57 
60 

7,500 
2,500 
(iOO 
4,000 

30 
free. 
16-40 
30 

Rev.  S.  S.  Potter  .   . 

G.  D.  Archibald,  D.D 

5 
6 
6 

8 
5 
6 
9 
14 

75 

322 

163 

Rev!  J.'  H!  Martin',  A'.M!  

203 

350 
73 
100 
425 
450 

45 
32 

4 
3 

3,000 
1,000 

a     180 
28-36 

4th  Tues.  in  June. 
3d  week  in  June. 

Rev.  Thos.  Harrison,  A.M  


E  II  Scarff 

15 

46 
101 

4 
6 

1,000 
3,000 
2.500 

18^30 
86 
15 

4th  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 

Rev.  Wm.  F.  King,  A.M  
James  Black,  D.D  

193  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS — MALE  AND  FEMALE. 


No.                                        Name. 

Location. 

it 

Denomination. 

C8  Iowa  Weslcyan  University  
69  Burlington  University 

Mount  Pleasant  
Burlington  

Iowa  . 

Kan.. 
Ky... 

La 

1855 
1854 
1867 
1859 
1867 

i858 
1860  i 
1860 
1858 
1865 

1856 
185-1 
1838 
1858 
1846 
1859 
1819 
1826 
1823 
1858 
1845 
1856 
1858 

iS52 

1853 
1865 

Methodist  Epis  
Baptist  
Methodist  Epis  
Protestant  Epis  
Friends  
Congregational  
Methodist  
Lutheran  
State  Institution... 
Methodist  Epis  
Congregational  
State 

70  Simpson  Centenary  College  
71  Griswold  College 

[ndianola  
Davenport 

72  Whittier  College 

Salem  

73  Iowa  College                

Grinnell  

Fayette 

75  Iowa  Lutheran  College* 

Albion  

76  ;  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College 
77  Baker  University.  
78  Lincoln  College 

Manhattan  
Baldwin  City. 

Topeka  

79  State  University*  
80  St.  Benedict's  College*  
81  The  Daughters'  College 

Lawrence  
Atchison  City  

Catholic  
Baptist 

Greenville  Springs  
Russellville.. 

82  '  Bethel  College 

83  Georgetown  College               

Georgetown  

Baptist  

84  Berea  College* 

Berea     

85  Kentucky  Military  Institute 

Near  Frankfort 

Protestant  Epis  
State  

Catholic.. 

86  Kentucky  University 

Ashland,  in  Lexington 
Bardstown  

87  ;  St  Joseph's  College* 

88  1  St.  Mary's  College*  
89  Centre  College* 

Marion  Co 

Catholic 

Danville  

Presbyterian  
Disciples 

90  :  Kentucky  College* 

Harrodsburg  
Jackson 

Methodist 

92  i  St.  Joseph's  Day  School  
93  Franklinton  Collegiate  Institute.. 
941  Col.  of  the  Im'culate  Conception* 
95  St  Charles  College* 

Natchitoches  
Washington  Parish  
New  Orleans 

Me... 

Catholic  

Catholic 

Grand  Coteau  
Mt.  Lebanon  
Orono  

Catholic  
Baptist 

96  Mt  Lebanon  University* 

97  State  Agricultural  College  
98  '  Bowdoin  College 

State  

Brunswick 

Md. 

1802 
1820 
1864 
1823 
1848 
1783 
1793 
1849 
1852 
1856 
1830 
1860 
1793 
1821 
1638 
1&55 
1843 
1863 
1859 
1843 
1855 
1841 

i859 
1859 

1857 

Baptist 

99  Colby  University 

Waterville 

100  Bates  College  
101  1  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  
10°  '  St  Charles'  College 

Lewiston  
Kents  Hill,  Readfield.  . 
Howard  Co 

Free  Baptist  

Methodist  
Roman  Catholic..  .  . 

State 

103  Washington  College    

Near  Chestertown  

a. 

104  St  John'  s  College 

Annapolis 

105  [Baltimore  Female  College 

Baltimore 

Methodist 

106  i  Loyola  College                      

Baltimore  

Catholic  
State 

107  Maryland  Agricultural  College  
108  Mount  St  Mary's  College* 

Hyattsville 

Mear  Emmetsburg  
Pikesville. 

.Mags. 

Catholic 

10!)  Borromeo  College*  
110  Williams  College 

Catholic  
Congregational  
Congregational  
Unitarian  
Universalist  
Roman  Catholic  .  .  . 
Roman  Catholic... 

Williamstown  
Amherst 

111  I  Amherst  College 

112  Harvard  College  

Cambridge  .   . 

113  •  Tufts  College 

Medford 

ti 

114  College  of  Hie  Holy  Cross  

Worcester  
Boston  

Lansing 

Mich 

115  Boston  College  
116  Michigan  Female  College 

117  Albion  College        

Albioii  

11 

Methodist  Epis  
Baptist  
State               .   .   .. 

118  Kalamazoo  College  
119  'University  of  Michigan 

Kalamazoo  

Ann  Arbor 

1°0  HilNdale  College 

Hillsdale 

:  « 

121  Adrian  College                 

Adrian  

Methodist  
Cong,  and  Pres  
1  Methodist  Epis.... 

122  Olivet  College* 

Olivet  

123  Hamline  University  
124  Northfield  College*.          

Red  Wing 

Minn 

lk)"i  Mississippi  College 

Clinton,  Hinds  Co 

Miss 

1851 

1848 
1850 
1866 
1848 
1858 
1&53 
1857 
1832 
1867 
1867 

Baptist  
State  Institution.  .  . 
State  Institution... 

126  University  of  Mississippi  
127  Madison  College                      ...  . 

Oxford,  La  Fayette  Co. 
Sharon  
Lexington  

'.Mo... 

128  'Military  and  Collegiate  Inst  
129  William  Jewell  College  
130  Lindemvood  Female  College  

Liberty,  Clay  Co  
Near  St.  Charles 

Baptist 

Old  Sch.  Presbv'an. 
Old  Sch.  Presby'an. 

Roman  Catholic  .  .  . 
Episcopal 

Fulton 

132  Washington  University 

St.  Louis  

:    « 

133  1  St.  Louis  University  
134  Jefferson  City  College 

St.  Louis  
Jefferson  City  
Glasgow  

135;  Lewis  College  

Methodist  

*  These  Colleges  did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent. 


COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


199 


COLLEGES,  ETC. 


No. 

~68 

fi!) 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
7; 
78 
7!) 
80 
si 
82 
88 
84 
85 
si; 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
<»4 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
101 

lo.-> 
loo 

ll)7 
10s 

ion 

110 

111 

112 

11.", 
Ill 
li.-, 
llfi 
117 
Us 
11'.) 
120 
121 
122 
12:5 
121 
12.1 
121 
127 
128 

12! 
l.'ii 
131 
\?>l 

•(:>;. 
131 

13." 

President. 

t 

A 

•s 

8 
6 

12 

7 
5 
10 

7 

ll 

% 

li 

Number 
^  1  of  Clergymen. 

Number  of 
Volumes 
in  Libraries. 

An'al  expense 
to  each  Stu 
dent  for  Tui 
tion. 

Time  of  Commencement. 

C  A  Holmes   D  D 

292 
113 

200 

87 

100 

2 

500 
2,000 

$39 

30 
15-30 
24-40 
22 
22 

3d  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  July. 

James  Henderson  
Rev.  Alexander  Bums,  M.A.. 
Horatio  N.  Powers,  D.D  
John  II.  Pickering  
Rev.  G.  F.  Magoun,  A.M  
William  Brush  A  M 

3 

2 

5,000 
400 
3,500 
500 

293 

47 

'iso 

154 
92 

105 



Joseph  Denuison  D  D 

7 
6 

7 

5 
5 

1 

"*i 

3,000 
3,000 
2,000 

Free. 
30 

18 

4th  Wed.  in  June. 
4th  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 

Rev.  Elial  J.  Rice,  A.M  

Rev  Au°n^tine  Worth 

Last  week  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  June. 

John  Aulr.  Williams,  A.M  
Noah  K.  Davis,  A.M  

8 
6 

200 
180 
125 
301 

-   ioo 

26 
220 

"*i 

3,000 
2,000 
9,000 

a     250 
60 
45 

Nathaniel  M.  Crawford,  D.D.. 
Rev  John  G  Fee 

R  T  P  Allen 

11 
25 

177 
650 

150 

3,000 
12,000 

a450-500 
20 

J.  B.  Bowman  

Last  Fri.  in  June. 

Rev  A  Yiala                             ! 

W.  II.  Watkins,  D.D  
Rev.  F.  Lee  Vezouet  
Prof.  W.  H.  Dixon  

4 
2 
3 

49 
30 
65 

180 

'"iso 

12 

2,000 

75 
20-40 
a     200 

2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
Last  Thurs.  in  July. 
1st  Mon.  in  July. 

Rev.  A.  Jourdan  
Rev  Fel  Bensusse 

9, 

Free. 
39 
30 
36 
25 
a     180 
30-40 
40 
60 
84 
75 

2dWed.'in  Juiy.'  '  " 
2d  Wed.  in  July. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
2d  week  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 
2d  Wed.  in  July. 
Last  Wed.  in  July. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
1st  week  in  July. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 

Samuel  Harris,  D.D  
J.  T.  Champlin  
Orrin  B  Cheney 

16 
6 
5 
11 
12 
2 
10 
12 
13 
8 

201 
61 
54 
300 
128 
35 
110 
149 
192 
11 

2,538 
500 
13 
14,000 
743 

'"433 
175 

301 
120 
4 
450 
105 

12 

36,138 
6,000 

Henry  P  Torsey  LL  D 

2,000 
3,000 

Rev.  Oliver  L.  Jenkins  
R  C  Berkeley 

James  C.  Welling  
N.  C.  Brooks,  LL.D  
Rev  John  Early 

4,000 
3,250 
10,000 
1,600 

Franklin  Buchanan  
Rev  Oliver  L.  Jenkins  

ReV  EOS  Waldron 

Mark  Hopkins,  D.D  

11 
17 
25 
10 
16 
8 
T 
6 
11 
33 

182 
244 

479 
56 
125 
95 

70 
268 
218 
1225 

2,050    610 
l,730i  697 

7,838  1600 
108J     i8 
180     79 

12,000 
34,000 
119,000 
10,000 
14,000 
3,000 
1,000 
1,000 
2,000 
22,000 

45 
45 
104 
35 
a      250 
60 
44 
0175-300 
24 
Free. 

Last  Wed.  in  July. 
2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
3d  Tues.  in  June. 
2d  Wed.  in  July. 
1st  Thurs.  in  July. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 
Last  Wed.  in  Sept. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Mon.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 

Wm.  A.  Stearns,  D.D  
Thomas  Hill,  D.D.,  LL.D  
Alonzo  A.  Miner.  D.D  

Robert  W.  Brady  
Rev  John  Bapst 

A.  C.  Rogers  .  ,  

43 

127 
51 
1,227 

:::8 

Geo  B.  Jocelyn,  D.D 

Rev.  Daniel  Putnam,  A.M  
Erastus  O.  Haven,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Asa  Mah'an  D  D 

10 
11 
6 

242 

£59 
235 

62 
32 

21 

7 
'"4 

3,566 
1,575 

31 
15-21 
27-30 

Last  week  in  June. 
3d  week  in  June. 
4th  Wed.  in  June. 

Nathan  J  Morrison  D  D 

Jabez  Brooks,  A.M.,  D.D  

Walter  Hiilmans,  A.  M.  .  . 

2 
9 

5 
3 

29 
231 
50 
50 

34 

365 
50 

'"24 

g 

2 

2,000 
5,000 
1,000 
100 
1,000 

52 
50 
50 
15-50 

'"40" 
44 
100 
60-80 
250 
20-40 

Last  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  July. 
2d  Mon.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 

J.  N.  Waddel,  D.D  
W.  L.  C.  Hinnicutt  
G  K    Smith 

Thomas  Rambant,  D.D  

French  Strother  
M  M.  Fisher  

5 
'5 
44 
15 

4 
4 

50 
100 
618 
320 
135 
153 

60 
29 
200 

20 
30 

5,000 
6,000 
25,000 

4th  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 

W   Chauvenet,  LL.D.. 

Rev.  Thomas  O'Neil  

W.  H.  D.  Hatton  
!  J.  S.  Barwick,  A.M  

2,000 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 

200  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS — MALE  AND  FEMALE. 


No.                                       Name. 

^ 

it 

o 

Denomination. 

130  St.  Vincent's  College* 

Cape  Girardeau  
Columbia  

Mount,  Pleasant 

...Mo... 

1843 
1843 
1855 
1769 
1770 
1746 
1851 
1855 
1846 
1850 

1849 
1853 
1754 
1795 
1812 

1825 
1866 
1846 
1846 
1861 
1855 
1853 
1856 
1836 
1857 
1860 
1847 
1863 
1865 
184-7 
1838 
1861 
1857 
1859 
1839 
1831 
1795 
1834 
1840 
1804 
1824 
1851 
1857 
1845 
1853 
1852 
1854 
1835 
1809 
1854 
1853 
1854 
1831 
1843 
1803 
1833 
1804 
1850 
1845 
1855 
1858 
1846 
1867 
1850 

i&37 

1835 

Catholic  
State  Institution.  .  . 
Baptist  
Congregational  
Reformed  
Presbyterian  
Methodist  
Presbyterian  
Episcopal  
Baptist 

137  University  of  the  Slate  of  Mo  
138  Mt.  Pleasant  College*  

139J  Dartmouth  College             .   ..          Hanovr.r 

N   II 

140  Rutgers  College  

New  Brunswick  
Princeton 

...NVJ.. 

141  College  of  New  Jersey  
I!-)1  Bordentown  Female  College. 

Bordentown 

u 

143  Glenwood  Collegiate  Institute  
144  Burlington  College*  
145  University  of  Rochester. 

Matawan  

Burlington 

...    " 

Rochester 

...N.  Y. 

140  Brooklyn  Coll.  and  Polyt'nic  Inst.. 
147  Genesee  College  .  .  .  %  
148  Female  Collegiate  Institute  

Brooklyn  
Lima 

Methodist  Epis.... 

Fort  Plain  

•  •  •      t 

149!  Columbia  College  

New  York  City 

Episcopal  
Presbyterian  
Presbyterian  

150  Union  College 

Schenectady 

t 

151  Hamilton  Collcfe 

Clinton  
Brooklyn 

152  Packer  Collegiate  Institute  
153  Hobart  College  

Geneva  

t 

Episcopal 

154  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
155  Madison  University  
150  'St.  John's  College  

New  York  City  
Hamilton  
Fordham  

••'    ! 

city..  ...v.v.v.:::: 

Baptist 

Catholic 

157  St.  Joseph's  College        

Buffalo  
Elmira 

Catholic  
Presbyterian  
Lutheran 

158  Elmira  Female  College. 

159  'Martin  Luther  College*  

Buffalo  

Canton    . 

•  •  •    t 

100  St.  Lawrence  University  . 

Universalist  
Baptist 

161  'Alfred  University  

Alfred  

t 

102  Ingham  Uni'sity  for  Young  Ladies 
103  St.  Stephen's  College 

Le  Roy  

t 

Presbyterian  
Episcopal  
Catholic 

Annandale 

i 

104  College  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  
105  Manhattan  College  

New  York  City  
New  York  City. 

•  •  •    t 

Catholic 

1  00  Cornell  University  
107  University  of  the  City  of  N.  Y...  . 
108  Rut<rers  Female  College 

Ithaca 

t 

State 

New  York  City  
New  York  City  
Poughkeepsie  
Suspension  Bridge.  . 
Mount  Pleasant 

•••    I 

Baptist'  .'  .'  .'  .'  '.'.'.'.  '.  '.  '.  '. 
Episcopal 

109  Vassar  College  

1  70  '•  De  Veaux  College             

171  1  North  Carolina  College 

Lutheran  
Baptist  
Presbyterian  
State  institution... 
Congregational  
Catholic 

1721  Wake  Forest  College  

Raleigh,  Wake  Co.... 

t 

173:Davidson  College 

(P.  O.)  Davidson  Col 
Chapel  Hill 

* 

174;  University  of  North  Carolina  
175  Oberlin  College 

Oberlin 

Ohio 

170  St.  Xavier  College 

Cincinnati  
Athens 

177  Ohio  University 

State  Institution... 
Episcopal  
Catholic 

178iKenyon  College  
179  Mount  St.  Mary's  of  the  West.... 
180  Otterbein  University 

Gambier,  Knox  Co.  . 
Near  Cincinnati 

•  •  •     u 

Westerville 

u 

U'tedBre.  in  Christ. 
Evan'ical  Lutheran. 
Methodist  Epis  
Swedenborgian 
Unitarian  
Congre.  and  Presby. 
State  
Old  School  Presby.. 
New  School  Presby. 

181  i  Wittenberg  College  
182  Ohio  Wesleyan  Female  College.  .  . 
183  Urbana  University. 

Springfield  
Delaware 

u 

Urbana 

tt 

184  Antioch  College 

Yellow  Springs 

It 

185  Marietta  College  

Marietta 

(1 

180  Miami  University 

Oxford 

u 

187  Oxford  Female  College  
188  Western  Female  Seminary  
189  Glendale  Female  College* 

Oxford  
Oxford,  Butler  Co... 
Glendale  
Granville          .  .  . 

..."    ' 

190  Denison  University  

Baptist  

191  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  
192  Wilberforce  University.     .. 

Delaware 

Methodist  Epis  
Methodist 

Near  Xenia  
Granville  
Berea 

:::  * 

193  Granville  Female  College 

Presbyterian  
Methodist 

194  German  Wallace  College  
195  Xenia  College  
190  Springfield  Female  College  
197  Hillsborough  Female  College  
198  Mount  Union  College  
199  Farmers'  College                 .   . 

Xenia 

t 

Methodist 

Springfield  
Hillsborough. 

•  •  •  t 

Methodist  
Methodist. 

Mount  Union. 

t 

Methodist 

College  Hill 

.  .  .  * 

200  Harlem  Springs  College 

Harlem  Springs.  .. 
Tiffin....   ......   . 

201  Heidelberg  College  
202  Muskin^um  College 

New  Concord  
Richmond  

•••  ' 

203  iRichmoud  College  

*  These  Colleges  did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent. 


COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

COLLEGES,  ETC. 


201 


No.  President. 

..  * 

fc  5 
•s 

;  1  Number 
2:  of  Students. 

|| 
*J 

ll 

*E 

Number  of 
Volumes 
in  Libraries. 

An'al  expense 
to  each  Stu 
dent    for   Tui 
tion. 

Time  of  Commencement. 

136  Rev.  J.  Alizeri  
137  Daniel  Head  LL  D  .  . 

"8 

200 

4,000 

$40 

Last  Wed.  in  June. 

1381 

139  A.  D.  Smith.  D.D.,  LL.D  
140  Wm.  H.  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
141  James  McCosh  D  D 

21 
12 
19 
10 
10 

294 
131 
264 
120 
185 

3,527 
946 

4,2(50 
83 
42 

875 
327 
870 

37,967 
5.000 
24,000 
1,000 
600 

60 
60 

70 

'"36" 

L'stTh.  buti  in  Jul. 
N'xttol'tWed.  Jun. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  July. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 

142  Rev.  J.  II.  Brakely,  A.M  
143  A  B  Dayton  M  D 

144 

145  M.  B.  Anderson.  LL.D  
146  David  H.  Cochrane,  Ph.D  
147  John  W.  Lindsay.  D.D  
148  Rev.  B.  I.  Diefendorf,  A.M.  .  .  . 
149!F.  A.  P.Barnard,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
150  L.  P.Hickok.D.D.,LL.D  
151  Samuel  G.  Brown,  D.D  
152J  A.  Crittenden,  Ph.D  
158  W.D.Wilson,  D.D..  ^act.).... 
154  Horace  Webster.  LL.D  
155J  George  W.  Eaton  

9 
25 
5 
6 
14 
12 
12 
32 
6 
29 
10 
20 
12 
10 

"5" 
12 
15 
6 
30 
86 
28 
24 
19 
35 
4 
3 
5 
6 
9 
20 
16 
6 
12 
21 
5 
5 
11 

11 

7 
6 
10 
14 
10 
8 
10 
4 
10 
4 
9 
18 
7 
13 
4 
4 
5 
3 
2 

106 
550 
82 

iii 

125 

181 
751 
68 
770 
157 
240 
180 
108 

371 
"lS2 

7.645 
3,000 
3,700 
150 
15.600 
16,000 
18,000 

2d  Mon.  in  June. 
2d"Thurs."in  July." 

125 

25-50. 
24 
100 
75 
60 
40-100 
45 
100 
30 
a      325 
a      200 
a     300 

3.405 
6,005 
1,178 

238 
'328 

Last  WTed.  in  June. 
WTed.  before  July  4. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  week  in  July. 
2dThur.  after  July  4. 
1st  Thurs.  in  July. 
1st  Wed.  in  Aug. 
July  1st. 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 

376 
484 
555 
234 

"iao 

72 
30 

500 
61 

'"6 

13,000 
15,000 
8,000 
12,500 
2,000 
2,000 

156  Rev.  Joseph  Shea  
157  Bro.  Francis 

158  A.  W.  Cowles,  D.D  

159 

160  Rev.  J.  S.  Lee,  A.M 

25 

200 
200 
50 
475 
597 

'425 
210 
339 
37 
50 
85 
•53 
105 
1136 
300 
130 
159 
85 
175 
190 
310 
121 
200 
56 
147 
164 
190 
120 
190 
440 
77 
120 
85 
175 
111 
100 
459 
45 

'l78 
158 
59 

10 
200 
400 
19 
100 

'"6 

7 
30 

6,666  ai75-225 
5,000  i            30 
2,000  :a240-340 
2,000;      Free. 
15,000!           60 
0,000    a      300 
20,000  alS4-313 

Wed.  before  July  4. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
1st  week  in  July. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 

161  Rev  J  Allen 

162  IS.  D.  Burchard.  D.D  
163'  R  B  Fairbairn  D  D 

164  Rev.  J.  Loyzance  

165  Bro.  Patrick  
166  Andrew  D.  White,  LL.D  
167  Isaac  Ferris,  D.D.,  LL.D  
168  Henry  M.  Pierce,  LL.D  
169  J.  H  .  Raymond,  LL.D  

432 
29 
32 

'"o 

9 

4,666 

5,720 
1,206 
1.000 

200 
100 
a    300 

1st  Thurs.  in  June. 
We.  Ft  full  w'k  Jun. 
Th.nea'sttoMayl2. 

170  M.  Van  Renselaer,  D.D  
171  Rev.  C.  F.  Bansenier  
172  W  M  WiiK'ate  D  D. 

116 

36 

8,000 
3,000 
20,000 
11,000 
12.000 
5,000 
16,116 
10,000 

60-70 
45 
100 
9 
60 
a250-300 
42 

2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  July. 
1st  Thurs.  in  June. 
Aug.  4th  and  5th. 
Last  week  in  June. 
June  25th. 
4th  Thurs.  in  June. 
4th  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Mon.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
3d  Fri.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 

173G.W.McPhail,D.D  
174  Hon  David  L.  Swain,  LL.D  
175  J.  H.  Fail-child,  D.D  

1,754 

1,188 

"240 
375 
20 
63 
125 
172 
22 

"294 
821 
106 
120 
91 
130 
308 
0 
300 
10 
111 
175 
81 
113 
122 

100 

180 

"80 
105 

176  Rev.  W.  H.  Hill  
177!  S.Howard,  D.D.  ,  LL.D  
178!Rev.  Jas.  Kent  Stone,  A.M.... 
179  Francis  J.Pabisch,  D.D.  ,  LL.D. 
ISOlRev.  L.Davis  
181  S  Sprecher  D  D 

8 

4.000 
7,000 

24 
30 
75 

'"so" 

30 

182  Park  S.  Donelson,  D.D  
183  Rev.  Chauucey  Giles 

3 
'il2 

:::: 

70 
83 
0 

""7 
"39 

4.500 
4,700 
22,012 
8,000 
2,000 
1.050 
2,000 
10.500 
8,515 
4,000 
3,000 
400 
425 
2,500 
300 
2,500 

184  Geo.  W.  Hosmer,  D.D  

1851  Israel  W.  Andrews,  D.D  
186  R.  L.  Stanton,  D.D 

187  Rev.  Robert  D.  Morris  

a      250 
a     160 
46 
25-34 

30 
18 
30 
12.50-27 
86 
24-30 
25-4(1 
30 
15 
40 
21 

34" 

3d  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 

188  Helen  Peabody  
189  L.  D.  Potter,  A.M. 

190  S.  Talbot,  D.D  
191  Rev.  Frederick  Merrick  
192  D.  A.  Payne.  D.D 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  Tues.  in  Aug. 
3d  week  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
4th  week  in  June. 

193  W.  P.  Kerr,  A  M 

194  William  Nast,  D.D  
195  'William  Smith,  A.M 

19(>iRev.  James  H.  Herron.  A.M.  . 
1971  Rev.  David  Copeland.  A.M... 
198  O.  N.  Hartshorn,  LL.D  
199  Charles  D.  Curtiss.. 

200  R.  H.  Howey,  B.S  

Last  Mon.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Fri.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 

201  G.  W.  Willard,  D.D  
202  David  Paul,  A.M  

50 
63 



300 

203  L.  W.  Ong,  A.B  

THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS — MALE  AND  FEMALE. 


204 

205 
KM 

207 
2n,s 
2d!  i 
210 
211 
212 
2l:J 
211 
215 
210 
217 
2l« 
21!* 
2-20 
221 
2-2-2 
2-,':! 
2-24 
225 
2-JO 
227 
2--2S 
2-'!» 
X':;o 
y.'il 
2-'>2 
2:>! 
2:U 
2-T) 
2:50 
2:!7 
2.".s 

3  ;;> 

210 
241 
242 
21:) 
241 
2-15 
210 
217 
2!s 
y-H) 

250 
251 
252 
25:; 
25  1 
25  -> 
250 
257 
25r> 
25!  » 
20(1 
26! 
2112 
20:; 
201 
205 
201 
207 
20s 
20!) 
27! 
87] 

Name. 

Location. 

'1 

Denomination. 

Cleveland  Female  College 

mpYplanrl                              Ohio 

1854 
1849 
1846 
1826 
1853 
1858 
1850 
1858 
1846 
1847 
1783 
1853 
1832 
1815 
1819 
1833 
1802 
1859 
1848 
1866 
1852 
1861 
1854 
1856 
1867 
1852 
1855 
1850 
1860 
1854 
1866 

1755 
1764 
1859 
1787 
1801 
1851 
1842 
1807 
1844 
1833 
1819 
1806 
1844 
1858 
1848 
1865 
1868 
1867 
1857 
1845 
1861 

is25 

1797 

iS63 
1832 
1844 
1853 
1838 
1776 
1782 
1839 
1825 
1693 

Ohio  Female  College     °                  College  Hill                          " 

Methodist  
Presbyterian  

Methodist 

Baldwin  Uiiiversitv                  .        iBerea     " 

Western  Reserve  College 

Hudson                " 

Willamette  University  
Sublimity  College 

Salem                              Ore.. 

Jnited  Brethren.... 
Baptist 

Oregon  College* 

Oregon  City  "    ' 
Selinsgrove,  Snyder  Co.Penn. 
Westmoreland  Co  " 

Missionary  Institute  

Svan'ical  Lutheran. 
Catholic  
Baptist  .  .  . 

St.  Vincent's  College                 

University  at  Lewisburg 

Lewisburg,  Union  Co.  .  .     " 
Carlisle                            .     " 

Dickinson  College  
Franklin  and  Marshall  College  — 
Pennsylvania  College 

Methodist  Epis  
German  Reformed., 
jutheran  
Methodist. 

Lancaster               .             " 

Gettysburg  " 
Meadville                      .       " 

W'estern  University  of  Penn  
Haverford  College 

Pittsburgh  " 

West  Haverford  " 
Canonsb'gandWash'ton   " 
Selinsgrove                          " 

Society  of  Friends., 
r'resbyterian  
Am.  Evan'can  Luth. 

Episcopal  
Catholic  

Presbyterian. 

Washington  and  Jefferson  Col  
Susquehanna  Female  College  
Girard  College  for  Orphans. 

Philadelphia  " 
South  Bethlehem  " 
Philadelphia                        " 

Lehigh  University  

St.  Josephs  College  
Pennsylvania  Military  Academy.  . 
Lincoln  University  
Irving  Female  College  
Muhlenburg  College 

Chester  " 
Oxford                                  " 

Irvington  Mechanicsb'g    " 
Allen  town,  Lehigh  Co  .  .     " 
New  Wilmington  " 

Methodist 

Lutheran  
IT'ted  Presbyterian. 
Methodist 

Westminster  College 

Pittsburgh  Female  College 

Pittsburgh                       .     " 

Waynesbur"-  College 

Waynesburg  " 

Cumb.  Presby'rian. 
Episcopal  .  . 

\ndalusia  College 

Andalusia                  .     ..     " 

Agricultural  College  of  Penn*  
Lebanon  Valley  College* 

Centre  Co                             " 

Armville  " 

[Jnited  Brethren... 
Presbyterian  .  . 

Lafayette  College* 

Easton                        .        " 

University  of  Pennsylvania*  
Brown  University 

Philadelphia                       " 

Providence  R.  I.. 
Newberry                  .       S.  C.  . 

Baptist  

Lutheran  

College  of  Charleston  
University  of  South  Carolina  

Charleston                .           " 

Columbia  " 
Greenville          .     .             " 

State  Institution... 
Baptist  

Cumberland  University  
East  Tennessee  University 

Lebanon,  Wilson  Co.  .  .  Tenn. 
Knoxville  " 
Near  Nashville        ...       " 

Presbyterian  .... 

Franklin  College 

Christian  

Columbia                             " 

Maryville  College. 

Maryville  " 

Presbyterian  (N.S.) 
Presbyterian  
Presbyterian  

Nashville                              " 

Greenville        .                    " 

Union  University 

Murfreesboro'  " 
Jonesboro'                .           " 

Baptist  , 
Alethodist  

Jonesboro'  Female  College 

Sewanee  College  .        

Winchester  " 

Episcopal  
Methodist 

East  Tenn.  Wesleyan  University. 
Colorado  College 

Athens  " 
Columbus         .           .  Tex. 

Lutheran  
Baptist 

Independence                      " 

Waco                                   " 

Baptist 

St  Mary's  College 

Galveston  " 
Fairfax               .               Vt.. 

Catholic  

New  Hampton  Institution 

Baptist 

Middlebury  College  
State  Univ.  and  Agricult'l  College 
Ripley  Female  College  
Randolph  Macon  College  

Middlebury  " 

Congregational.  .  . 
State  

Burlington  " 
Poultney  " 

Boydton                      .      Va 

Methodist  Epis  
Baptist 

Richmond                            " 

JRoanoke  College 

Salem,  Roanoke  Co  " 
Washington  Co  " 
Prince  Edward  Co  " 
Lexington  " 
Lexington  " 

Lutheran  
Methodist  Epis  
Presbyterian 

i  Emory  and  Henry  College 

!  Hampden  Sidney  College  
i  Washington  College  
Virginia  Military  Institute  
University  of  Virginia 

State  institution.  .  . 
Episcopal 

Near  Charlottesville.  ...     " 
Williamsburg        ...       " 

College  of  William  and  Mary  
State  College  

1  These  Colleges  did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent. 


I860.] 


COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS. 
COLLEGES,  ETC. 


203 


No. 

Presidents. 

I  » 
II 

-8 

ll 

"s 

Number 
of  Alumni. 

Number 
of  Clergymen. 

U! 

Au'al  expens* 
to  each  Stu 
dent  for  Tui 
tion. 

Time  of  Commencement. 

204 
205 

2oi> 

207 
2ite 
20!) 
210 
211 
2U 
213 
214 
215 
21( 
217 
218 
219 
220 
221 
222 
223 
224 
225 
2-21, 
221 
228 

y«i 

23'J 
231 
232 
233 
234 
235 
236 
237 
238 
239 
240 
241 
242 
243 
244 
245 
24(5 
247 
248 
249 
25U 
251 
252 
253 
254 
255 
256 
257 
258 
259 
260 
2(51 
262 
;>:;:! 
26-1 
265 
266 
261 
20S 
269 
270 
271 

S.  N.  Sanforcl,  A.M  

16 
17 
6 
8 
6 
2 

151 
141 
121 
132 
278 
75 

43 
160 

50 

"'su 

500 
2,000 
1,000 
10,000 
1,000 

$48 

50 
21 
30 
45 
16-32 

John  Wheeler  D  1) 

1st  Fri.  in  June. 
1st  WTed.  in  July. 
4thThurs.  in  July.. 

I  H  L  Hitchcock    D  D 

L.  T.  Woodward,  A.M  

George  C  Chandler  D  D 

Rev.  P.  Born  
Rev.  Alphonse  Heimler,  O.S.B. 
Rev.  J.  li.  Loomis,  LL.D  

5 
15 
6 
6 
7 
8 
7 
11 
4 
12 
5 
17 
10 
5 
10 
9 
6 
10 
10 
22 
10 
10 

130 
155 
60 
130 
102 
198 
134 
245 
47 
155 
100 
497 
60 
110 
100 
114 
60 
161 
254 
347 
200 
80 

45 
20 
145 
1,045 
414 
421 
400 
219 
157 
3,026 
11 
54* 

i',647 

40 

75 
257 
184 
220 

'"i 
i 

"56 

2,000 
12,000 
3,500 
25,500 
10,000 
17,000 
10,000 
2.200 
6,330 
17,000 
500 
5,000 

6,666 

1,000 
1,300 
1,000 
1,800 
1,500 
600 
1,000 
250 

30 
a      185 
36 
40 
39 
39 
a      350 

1st  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  July. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
2d  Thurs.  in  Aug. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  week  in  June. 
2d  Wed.  in  July. 
1st  Thurs.  in  Aug. 
June. 

J.  W.  Nevin.  D.D 

Milton  Valentine,  D.D  

George  Loomis  
George  Woods,  LL.D  
Samuel  J.  Gammcre,  A.M  
Jonathan  Edwards,  D.D  
S..  Domer,  A.M 

a      375 
24 
18-30 
Free. 
90 
40-60 
100 
30 
50 
20-40 
25 
50 
10 
a     300 

Wm.  H.  Allen  LL  D. 

Henry  Coppee,  LL.D.  .  . 
P.  A.  Jordan.  . 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  week  in  June. 
Last  Tues.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  Sept. 
June. 

Col.  Theodore  Hyatt.  .  . 

Rev.  J.  N.  Randall  
Rev.  T.  P.  E"-e,  A.M 

"i69 
4 
254 
110 
200 
23 

10 

"si 
'"4 

F.  A.  Muhlenburg  D  D 

Robt.  A.  Browne,  D.D  

I.  C.  Pershing,  D.D. 

A.  B.  Miller... 

Rev.  H.  T.  Wells,  LL.D  

Rev.  T.  R.  Vickroy,  A.M  

2 

141 

300 

49 

3d  week  in  June. 

Daniel  R.  Goodwin,  D.D... 

13 

12 
3 
6 
12 

110 
200 
54 
46 
115 

105 
50 

a     200 
40 

75 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  Sept. 
Oct.  1st. 

Alexis  Caswel  D  D 

2,332 

595 

38,000 

Rev.  J.  P.  Smcltzer  
N.  R.  Middleton. 

R.  W.  Barnwell,  LL.D  

1,744 

25,000 

Last  Mon.  in  June. 

James  C  Funnan  D  D 

B.  W.  McDonnold 

14 
5 
1 

300 
121 
25 

300 

ias 

1,250 

45 
15 

5,000 
900 

30-35 
30 
a     250 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 
4th  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Thurs.  in  June. 

Rev.  Thomas  W.  Humes  
A.  J.  Fanning  

Rev.  T.  J.  Lamar 

3 

62 

130 

500 

100-160 
24-34 
36 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 

Rev.  W.  S.  Doak,  A.M 

4 

"s 

3 
2 

4 
3 
12 
9 

95 

"i^o 

60 
120 
86 
60 
245 

4,200 

2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
2d  week  in  June, 
'd  week  in  June. 
1st  Mon.  in  Sept. 
2cl  Wed.  in  June. 
3d  week  in  June. 

Rev.  Dr.  C  Collins 

"ieo 
'"6 

"52 

'"6 

Rev.  D.  II.  Selph,  A.M  
Henderson  Presnell,  A.M  
Rev.  H.  H.  Sneed 

1,000 
50 

i',666 
i',5oo 

650 

3,666 

11,000 
15,000 
3,000 
10,000 
4,500 
7,000 
4,000 
9,000 
6,000 
2,000 
35,000 
4,500 

50 

'"66" 
25-50 
20-50 
25-27 
50 

Nelson  E.  Cobleigh,  D.D  

Rev.  J.  J.  Schever 

'"76 

15 

"is 

6 

Wm.  Carey  Crane,  D.D  

Rums  C.  Burleson,  D.D  

Rev.  S.  M.  Whiting,  A.M.  .  . 
H.  D.  Kitchel  
lames  B.  Angell,  A.M  
J.  Newman,  D  D 

4 

7 
16 
11 
5 
5 
8 
6 
5 
20 
23 
15 
7 

80 
65 
114 
120 
65 
120 
182 
178 
70 
410 
280 
475 
63 
184 

30 
27 
45  &  b'rd. 
a     275 
75 
60-80 
52 
60 
50 
60-80 
100 
75 
45 

2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
2d  Thurs.  in  Aug. 
1st  Thurs.  in  Aug. 
3d  Wed.  in  July. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Tues.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Tues.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
July  4th. 
1st  Thurs.  in  July. 
July  4th. 
3d  week  in  June. 

1,200 

774 

"266 
75 
42 
90 

750 
249 

'so 

35 
20 

Thos.  C.  Johnson,  A.M  

T.  G.  Jones... 
Rev.  D.  F.  Bittle. 

E.  E.  Wiley,  D.D 

J.  M.P.Atkinson,  D.D...  . 

Gen.  R.  E.  Lee  

'  '533 

188 

'l7 

Francis  II.  Smith,  A.M 
S.  Manpin,  A.M  
Benj.  S.  Ewell  

Martin  

204  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

COLLEGES  AND  COLLEGIATE  INSTITUTIONS — MALE  AND  FEMALE. 


No.                                       Name. 

Location. 

i! 

0 

Denomination. 

272  Allegheny  College*  

Blue  Sulphur  Springs. 
Bethany,  Brooke  Co".  .  . 
Appleton  

Milton    Rock  Co 

Va.  .. 
TV  .  V. 
Wis.. 

1854 
1841 
1847 
1844 
1863 
1847 
1849 
1848 
1839 
1856 
1852 
1846 
1854 
1861 

Baptist  

273  Bethany  College  
274  Lawrence  University 

Disciples  of  Christ. 
Methodist  
Seventh  Day  Bap.  . 

Cong'al  and  Presby. 

275  Milton  College 

276  Wisconsin  Female  College  Fox  Lake  
277  Beloit  College                                    i  Beloit        

278  Milwaukee  Female  College  
279  University  of  Wisconsin 

Milwaukee 

Madison 

State  Institution... 
Methodist  
Catholic 

280  Galesville  University 

Galesville  
St   Francis 

281iSalcsianum  Seminary  
282  Racine  College  

283!  Carroll  College 

Racine  

Episcopal  
Presbyterian,  (O.S.) 
Baptist 

Waukesha 

284  Wayland  University*  
285  Ripon  College*  

Beaver  Dam 

Ripon  

II.     THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES. 

No.                                     Name. 

Location. 

»J 

*1 

Denomination. 

1  Theol.  Department  Howard  Col.* 
2  Theol  Inst  of  Conn 

Marion  

Hartford 

Ala... 
Conn. 

Ga... 

1841 
1834 
1857 
1823 
1833 
1867 
1858 
1856 
18-16 
1857 
1859 

1839 

1832 
1861 
1857 
1861 
1859 
1820 
1853 
1840 

1857 
1865 
1820 
1791 

i847 

1826 
1814 
1867 
1808 
1867 
1834 
1844 
1840 
1842 
1847 
1785 
1812 
1867 

Baptist 

Congregational  
Episcopal  

3  'Berkeley  Divinity  School  
4  Theol.  Dep't  of  Yale  College  
5  i  Theol.  Dep't  Mercer  University*. 
6  The  Baptist  Theol.  Seminary  
7  i  Chicago  Theological  Seminary.... 
8  Garrett  Biblical  Institute 

Middletown  

New  Haven  

Congregational.  .   . 
Baptist  

Penfield  

Chicago 

Ill 

Baptist  
Congregational..  . 
Methodist  Epis.   . 
Roman  Catholic.  . 
Presbyterian  (N.  S.) 
Presbyterian  (O.  S.) 

United  Presby'an.. 
Baptist  
Roman  Catholic  
Evang'cal  Luth'ran. 
Evang'cal  Luth'ran. 
Protestant  Epis  
Roman  Catholic  
Presbyterian  (O.  S.) 
Baptist 

Chicago  
Evans  ton 

Iowa  . 
Ivy... 

La.... 

9!St.  Mary's  of  the  Lake  

Chicago  
Carlinville 

10  'Blackburn  Theol  Seminary 

11  Theol  Sem  of  the  Northwest 

Chicago 

IS  United  Presbyterian  Theol.  Semi 
nary  of  the  Northwest 

Monmouth 

13  Theol.  Dep't  of  Shurtleff  Col  
14i  St.  Joseph's  Ecclesiastical  Col.  .  . 
15  Wartbur0'  Seminary 

Upper  Alton  
Tcntopolis,Effing'm  Co 
Clavton  Co 

16  Norwegian  Lutheran  College  
17  Theol.  Dep't  of  Griswold  Col  
18  Preparatory  Ecclesiastical  Sern..  . 
19  Danville  Theol.  Seminary  

Decorah  
Davenport  
Near  Bardstown  
Danville  
Georgetown 

20]  Western  Baptist  Theol.  Inst.*.... 
21  Diocesan  Theological  Seminary*  . 
22  Theol.  Dep't  Mt.  Lebanon  Univ.* 
23,  Thomson  Biblical  Institute*  
24  Theological  Seminary 

Shelbyville  

Episcopal.  .. 
Baptist  
Methodist 

Mt.  Lebanon          ...    . 

New  Orleans 

Me 

Bano-nr 

Congregational  
Roman  Catholic  
Roman  Catholic  
Roman  Catholic  
Methodist  Epis.... 
Baptist 

25!  Theol.  Sem.  of  St.  Sulpice*  Baltimore                .... 

.Mel.. 

26  Mt.  St.  Mary's  Theol.  Sem.*  
27:  St.  Mary's  Seminary  
28  Boston  Theol  Seminary 

Near  Emmetsburg  
Annapolis  

Mass  . 

Mich. 
Mo... 

N.H. 
N.  J.. 

Boston 

29  Newton  Theol.  Institution  
30  Divinity  Col.,  Harvard  Univ  
31  Prot.  Epis.  Theol.  School  of  Mass. 
32  Andover  Theol  Seminary  

Newton  Centre 

Cambridge  
Cambridge  

Andover 

Unitarian  
Protestant  Epis  
Congregational  
Unitarian  

33  Boston  School  for  the  Ministry..  . 
34  Theol.  Dep't  of  Kalamazoo  Col..  . 
35  St.  Vincent's  College  
36  Concordia  Seminary 

Boston  

Kalamazoo       

Baptist  
Roman  Catholic  
Ger.  Evan'cal  Luth. 
Free  Baptist  
Methodist  
Reform'd  Dutch  Ch. 
Presbyterian 

Cape  Girardeau 

St.  Louis 

37  New  Hampton  Theol.  School  
38  Methodist  General  Biblical  Inst.* 
39  Theol.  Seminary  of  Reformed  Ch. 
40  Theological  Seminary 

New  Hampton  
Concord.. 

New  Brunswick  
Princeton  
Madison  

41  Drew  Theological  Seminary  

Methodist  

'  These  Colleges  did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent. 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES. 
COLLEGES,  ETC. 


205 


272 

•J7.-5 
274 

•>i:> 
276 
277 

27* 
279 
-,>>() 
2*1 
282 
283 
•>S4 
rfs-, 

Presidents. 

1  Number 
1  of  Instructors. 

ii 

fc  <" 
•s 

II 

l! 

•s  ,  i 
ill 

m 

An'al  expense 
to  each  Stu 
dent   for    Tui 
tion. 

Time  of  Commencement. 

W.  K.  Pendlcton  
Geo  M  Steele  D  D 

9 

8 
q 

94 

270 

355 
85 
72 

109 
9 
5 

2.000 
6,000 

1? 

21-27 
a      150 
30 
40-00 
18 
18-30 
a     150 
a     400 
40 

3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  July. 

William  C  Whittord 

Aaron  L  Chapman 

6 

12 
15 
4 
12 

20 
8 

•y 

90 
64 
150 
375 
105 
154 
190 
148 

"66 

11 
125 
50 
92 
9 

'"si 

36 

""3 
124 
19 

6,000 
600 
3,000 
4.500 
5,800 
2.000 
1,000 

2d  Wed.  in  July. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 

Miss  Mary  Mortimer  

P.  A.  Chadbourne  

Harrison  Gilliland 

Jos.  Salzmann,  D.D  
James  DeKoven,  D.D  
Walter  L  Rankin  A  M 

Last  Fri.  in  June. 

A.  S.  Hutcheiirf  
Rev.  Wm.  E.  Meniman,  A.M. 



25      

THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARIES. 


No.                President  or  Senior  Professor. 

C 

II 

K  *< 

•s 

Number 
of  Students. 

1  ' 

!_ 

i 

1  * 

•<  | 

•3 

Number  of 
iu  Library. 

Estimated  An'al 
expense  of 
each  Student. 

Time  of  Commencement. 

1  J  L  M  Curry,  LL  D. 

2  William  Thomson,  D.D  
3  John  Williams,  D.D  
4  Theo  D  Woolsev  D  D    LL  D. 

.i 

8 

"3 

3 

4 
5 
3 
4 

4 
10 
6 
3 
5 
3 
3 
4 

25 
24 
32 

"20 
46 
105 
40 

"23 

14 
233 
99 
25 
73 
9 
50 
13 

290  
122    $40,000 

1  . 

7,000 

$80 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 
1st  week  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  May. 

5'H.  H.  Tucker,  D.D  
6  G.  W.  Northrup,  D.D 

20 
'  '430 

'"47 

178 
1,600 
428 
42 
212 
6 

"isi 

60,000 

'  sob',666 
16,666 

6,000 
75,000 

1,000 

4,000 
3,000 
10,000 
700 
8,000 

2,000 
5,000 
700 
1,045 
1,000 
5.000 
2.500 
8,000 

150 

'iso 

250 
200 

150 
250 

180 

'"ioo 

250 

200 

Last  Thur.  in  April. 
Last  Thurs.  in  Oct. 
1st  Tues.  in  Sept. 
2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
1st  Thurs.  in  April. 

4th  Thur.  in  March. 
2d  Thurs.  in  June. 

8  D.  P.  Kidder,  D.D  
9  L.  J  McGovern,  D.D 

10  Rev.  John  W.  Bailcv  
11  Willis  Lord,  D.D.,  (Sen.  Prof.) 

12  Alexander  Young,  D.D  

13  Rev.  D  Read,  LL.D 

14  Rev.  P.  Mauritius  Klosterman. 
15  Sigmund  Fritschel  
16  Lawrence  Larsen  
17  II.  W.  Loe.  D.D.,  LL.D  

3,400 

30,666 
'  218,666 

1st  of  Sept. 
3d  week  in  June. 
Last  Tues.  in  June. 
31st  of  Oct. 

2d  Thurs.  in  Juiie. 

18  Rev.  Francis  Chambige  
19  R  J  Breckinridfe 

20  

21' 

22  i 

"4" 

4 

"13 
60 



23  :  John  P.  Newman,  D.D  
24  Enoch  Pond,  D.D.. 

'  '590 

'  ibb',666 

ii',500 

"  '  '170 

Last  Thurs.  in  July. 

25  J  P  Dubronl  D  D 

26  Rev.  John  McCaffrey  





27  Rev.  T.  Anwander 

.33 
32 
51 
23 

"115 
23 
140 

150 

... 



28  Wm.  F.  Warren,  D.D.,  (act.).  . 
29  H.B.  Hackett,  D.D  
30  George  R.  Noves,  D.D  
31  John  S.  Stone,  D.D..  (Dean).. 
32  Rev.  Edwards  A.  Parks  
33  Rev.  Gco.  H.  Hepworth 

\ 

4 
4 
5 
12 
6 
10 

580 
579 
381 

2,49i 

4 

8,666 

225,666 
135.000 
198,000 
200,000 

'  ibb',666 

4.000 
1,200 
16,000 

30.666 

500 
3.000 
7.000 
5.000 
2,000 
8,500 
10  (KM) 

140 

200 
400-600 

a50 

156 

400 
200 
400 

'"266 


2d  Wed.  in  June. 
Last  \Vcd.  in  June.. 
Mo.b'rel'tWed.Jun. 
Last  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Thurs.  in  Aug. 

34  Silas  Bailev,  D.D  

2d  Wed.  in  June. 
1st  Mo.  in  Sept. 
1st  of  Sept. 
2d  week  in  July. 

35  Rev.  J.  Alizeri  

36  Rev.  C.  P.  W.  Walther  
37  'John  Pullonton,  D.D  
88'Osman  C.  Baker,  D.D  
39  S.  M.  Woodbridge,  D.D.. 
40'Cha».  Hod-re,  D.D..  LL.D  
41  :  John  McCiintock.  D.D.,  LL.D. 

3 
3 
3 
4 
5 
5 

120 
15 
55 
27 
115 
50 

'  '240 

50.666 

20.000 
130000 

2,778 
50 

20.100!          175  Last  Wed.  in  April. 
10.0001  

500,666 

*  None  except  for  board. 


206 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES. 


[1869. 


No. 

Name. 

Location. 

Date  of 
Organization. 

Denomination. 

42 

43 
44 
45 
46 
4? 
48 
49 
60 
51 
52 
68 
54 
66 
5(1 
57 
68 
5!) 
66 
fil 
62 
68 
64 
65 
66 

or 

68 
69 

70 
71 

iza 

73 
74 
7.") 
78 
77 
7>s 
TO 
80 
SI 
82 

Sem.  of  Our  Lady  of  Angels  
Provincial  Seminary  
St.  Lawrence  Theol.  School 

Suspension  Bridge. 
Troy               

....N.  Y.. 

1857 
1804 
1858 
1830 
1817 
1820 
1810 
1801 
1850 
1845 
1805 
1826 
1851 
1800 
1829 
1844 
1794 
1846 
1827 
1858 
1855 
1825 
1862 
1835 
1855 
1825 
1844 
1838 
1865 
1831 

1859 
1859 
1866 

isoi 

1825 
1860 
1823 
1824 
1847 
185(5 

Roman  Catholic  
Roman  Catholic  
Universalist  

Canton 

ii 

Union  Theol  Seminary 

New  York  City 

n 

General  Theol.  Seminary  „  
Hamilton  Theol.  Seminary 

New  York  City  

u 

Episcopal  .  .  , 
Baptist  

Lutheran 

Hamilton 

u 

Hartwick  Theol.  Seminary  

Hartwick  

u 

DeLancy  Divinity  School  
Rochester  Theol  Seminary* 

Geneva  •  

Rochester 

•  •••     u 

Episcopal  

Baptist  
Evan'cal  Lutheran. 
Congregational  
Protestant  Epis  
Roman  Catholic  
Roman  Catholic  
Presbyterian  
Methodist 

Wittenberg  College  
Oberlin  College  
Theol.  Sem.  oi  the  Diocese  of  Ohio. 
Mt.  St.  Mary's  of  the  West  
St.  Carolus  Barromeo  

Springfield  
Oberlin 

....Ohio.. 

Gambler 

i 

Near  Cincinnati  .  .  . 

i 

Carthafena 

i 

Lane  Theol.  Seminary  

Walnut  Hills....... 
Delaware. 

.  .  .  .      ^ 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University*  
Theological  Seminary* 

Xenia 

u 

United  Presby'an  .  . 
Roman  Catholic  
Presbyterian  (O.S.) 
Evan'cal  Lutheran. 
Roman  Catholic  
Evan'cal  Lutheran. 
Protestant  Epis  
Reformed  Church.  . 
Baptist  
Presbyterian  
Unitarian 

St  Vincent's  College 

Westmoreland  Co.. 
Allegheny  City  
Selihsgrove  
Near  Pittsburgh  

Gettysburg 

.  .   .Penn. 

it 

Western  Theol.  Seminary  

Missionary  Institute  
St.  Michael's  Theol.  Seminary..  .  . 
Theol.  Sem.  of  Ev.  Luth.  Ch  
Divinity  School  of  Epis.  Church.. 
Mercersburg  Theol.  Seminary  
Theol.  Dep't  of  Univ.  atLewisb'g. 
Theological  Seminary  

Philadelphia  

Merccrsburg 

Lewisburg  
Allegheny  City  
Meadville    . 

::  :  « 

Meadville  Theol.  School  

Seminary  of  St.Chas.  Borromeo.  .  . 
Theol.  Dep't  of  Lincoln  Univ  
Theol.  Sem.  at  Columbia 

Philadelphia  .  .  , 

i 

Roman  Catholic.  .  .  . 
Presbyterian 

Oxford 

t 

Columbia 

s  c 

Presbyterian 

Seminary  of  Ev.  Lutheran  Gen. 
Syn.  in  N.  A  
Southern  Baptist  Theol.  Sem  
Baker  Theol.  Institute  

Newberry 

Evan'cal  Lutheran. 
Baptist  
Methodist. 

Greenville  
Charleston. 

•  •  •  •      it 

Diocesan  Theol.  Seminary*.  ..  . 
Theol.  Dep't  of  Baylor  Univ...  . 
New  Hampton  Theol.  Seminary  . 
Vermont  Episcopal  Institute.  .  . 
Theol.  Sem.  of  Prot.  Epis.  Ch.  . 
Union  Theol.  Seminary  

Spartanburgh  
Independence  
Fairfax 

...Tex.. 
Vt 

Episcopal  

Baptist  

Baptist 

Burlington  .  .  . 
Fairfax  Co. 

'.Va 

Episcopal  
Protestant  Epis  
Presbyterian  
Protestant  Epis  
Roman  Catholic  — 

Hampden  Sidney  " 
Nashotah  Lake  Summit.  Wis.  . 
Noiosbin<r  " 

Nashotah  House. 

Ecclesiastical  Seminary  *  

III.    MEDICAL  COLLEGES  AND  SCHOOLS. 


, 

- 

1 

No. 

Name. 

Location. 

ij 

J* 

raduation 

O 

1 

2 
4 

Toland  Medical  College 

San  Francisco         .         Cal 

1864 
1813 
1850 
1825 

$5 
5 
6 
5 

$40 
25 
30 
30 

Medical  Department  of  Yale  College.  .  . 
Medical  Dep't  of  Georgetown  Col  
National  Medical  College                   .... 

New  Haven  Conn. 

Washington  D.  C.. 

Washington.                        " 

5 

Atlanta  Medical  College 

Atlanta                               Ga 

1855 

5 

25 

(i 

Medical  College  of  Georgia  

Augusta  .  .,                      .     " 

5 

30 

7 
8 
9 

1(1 

Chicago  Medical  College                      .  . 

Chicago  111. 

1859 
1842 
1849 
1837 

5 

"*5 

5 

20 

'"36" 
25 

Rush  Medical  College  
Medical  Department  Iowa  University.  .  . 
Medical  Dep't  of  Univ.  of  Louisville...  . 

Chicago                                  " 

Keokuk                             Iowa 

Louisville  Ky.  .  . 

11 

Medical  School  of  Maine 

Brunswick                         Me 

1820 

5 

20 

12 

Medical  Dep't  of  Wa^hin^ton  Univ 

Baltimore                           Md 

1807 

5 

20 

18 

Baltimore  Col.  of  Dental  Surgery  

Baltimore  " 

1839 

5 

30 

11 

Univ  of  Maryland  Medical  School 

Baltimore..                              " 

1807 

5 

20 

15 

Medical  School  of  Harvard  University.  .  Boston  Mass  . 

1783 

5 

30 

'  These  Seminaries  did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent. 


MEDICAL  COLLEGES  AND  SCHOOLS. 

THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES. 


207 


No.                President  or  Senior  Professor. 

Number 
of  Professors. 

Number 
of  Students. 

Whole  number 
Educated. 

^ 

1  ^ 

^  w 
"3 

jir 

m 

1|| 

in 

fl 

Time  of  Commencement. 

42  Rev.  Robert  W.  Rice.        .     .  . 

15 

\ 

5 
5 
4 

210 
130 
31 

139 
75 
15 

500 

4,000 

250 

Last  Wed.  in  June. 

43  Rev.  Lewis  J.  Vandenhende  .  . 
44  E.  Fisher,  D.D  
45^Thos.  H.  Skinner,  D.D  

52 

777 
668 
829 

$60.666 

300,000 
200,000 
180,000 

6,000 
27.000 
13.900 
9,000 

$200 
250 
450 
129 
150 

1st  Thurs.  in  July. 
Mo.bTe2Th.in  May. 
Last  Fri.  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  Aug. 

46:  Samuel  Seabury  D  D 

47  Rev.  G.  W.  Eaton,  LL.D  
48  Dr.  WTm.  N.  Scholl  

49'  James  Rankine,  D.D  

50  E.  G.  Robinson,  D.D  
51  S.  Sprccher,  D.D..     .. 

"4" 
5 
3 
18 
2 

'io' 
'is' 

5 
3 
3 
4 
4 
3 
4 
3 
8 
6 
5 
5 
2 

4 
4 
3 

9 
11 
9 
85 
20 
30 
189 

'l55 
70 

"eo 

26 
36 
17 
8 
36 
29 
67 
14 
23 
3 

31 
26 

89 
240 
140 

150 
150-225 
400 
225 
Free. 
150 

Last  Thur.  in  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  Aug. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 

52!  J.  H.  Fairchild,  D.D  

160,000 
75,000 

10,000 
7,000 
10,000 
1,400 
15.000 
7,850 

53:  Bishop  Mcllvaine,  D.D  

54  ;  Francis  J.Pabisch,  D.D.,LL.D. 
55  Henry  Drees  . 

"566 

'  150,666 

200,000 

66  !  
57  Frederick  Merrick,  D.D 

2d  Thurs.  in  May. 

58 

59  Rev.  Alphonse  Heimler  
60  David  Elliott,  D.D 

12,000 

'  2,666 

185 
200 

1st  Mon.  in  Sept. 
Wed.b'e4Tu.inAp. 
1st  Wed.  in  June. 

935 

40 

"466 

54 

184,800 

61  H.  Zeigler,  D.D  
62  Rev.  S.  Wall 

'  ibb',666 

4,000 
12.000 
6,000 
8,000 

250 
150 
400-500 
130 
*42 
65 
250 
300 

63  J  A  Brown  D  D 

4th  Thurs.  in  June. 
3d  Wed.  June. 
May. 
Last  Thur.  in  July. 
1st  Tues.  in  Sept. 
3d  Thurs.  in  June. 
1st  Mon.  in  Sept. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 
2d  week  in  May. 

64  R.  Bethel  Claxton,  D.D  
65  E.  E.  Hi^bee 

60,000 

6(5  Rev.  Justin  R.  Loomis,  LL.D. 
67  John  T.  Pressly,  D.D  

426 

150 

2,000 
9,000 
10,000 

68  Rev.  A.  A  Livermore 

130,000 

69  James  O'Conner.  D.D  

70  Rev.  I.  N.  Rendall  .  . 

71  George  Howe,  D.D  

363 

111,000 
29,000 

10,000 

18,000 
4,000 

5,000 
300 

150 
150 

100 
125 

72  Rev.  J.  P.  Smeltzer  

73  James  P.  Boyce,  D.D.  .  . 
74  Rev.  T.  W.  Lewis,  A.M 

Last  Mon.  in  April. 
3d  Wed.  in  June. 

75  Rev.  J.  S.  Mankel  

76  W.  Carey  Crane,  D.D  

1 

2 
5 
3 
4 
4 
10 

6 
10 
56 
50 
25 
44 
70 

200 
3.000 
1,800 
9,000 
5,600 
4,000 

ioo 

150-250 
550 

200 
250-300 

2d  Thurs.  in  June. 
2d  Thurs.  in  July. 
2cl  Mon.  in  Aug. 
Last  Thur.  in  June. 
2d  Tues.  in  May. 
June  29th. 

77  Rev.  S.  M.  Whiting,  A.M  
78  Wm.  II.  A.  Bissell,  D.D  
79  W.  Sparrow,  D.D  

"231 
426 
350 
106 

8,000 

80  Samuel  B.  Wilson,  D  D 

160,000 

81  A.  D.  Cole,  D.D  

82  Rev.  M.  Heiss  

MEDICAL  COLLEGES  AND  SCHOOLS. 


No. 

1 
§ 

8 

4 
6 
6 

7 
8 

g 

10 

11 

12 
18 

11 

President  or  Dean. 

Number 
of  Professors. 

Number  of 
Students  18G7-C8 

i! 

i« 

% 

Cost  of  Lecture 
Tickets. 

ii! 

Commencement  of  Lecture 
Course. 

H.  H.  Toland,  M.D... 
Charles  A.  Lindsley.  M.D.,  (Dean).. 
Johnson  Eliot,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
John  C.  Riley,  M.D.,  (Dean) 

8 
10 
11 

9 

8 
8 
10 

19 

24 
110 
35 
58 
97 
113 

6 

'"4(V 
8 
18 
25 
50 

$130 
102.50 

135 
135 
120 
105 
50 

"'566 

4,000 
1,000 

July. 
2d  Thurs.  in  Sept. 
Oct.  1st. 
Oct.  1st. 
1st  Mon.  in  May. 
1st  Mon.  in  Nov. 
1st  Mon.  in  Oct. 

J.  G.  Westmoreland.  M.D.,  (Dean). 
L.  A.  Dugas,  M.D.,  (Dean).  .  . 

N.  S.  Davis,  M.D 

J.  C.  Hughes,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
Prof.  J.  M.  Bodine,  (Dean)  

7 
8 
7 
9 
9 
8 
13 

120 
143 
100 
147 
69 
170 
386 

30 
46 

"'55' 
27 

as 

81 

40 
120 
70 
120 
165 
120 
121 

..  Nov.  1st. 
4,000  2d  Mon.  in  Oct. 
3,550  N'xt  to  TstTh.m  Feb. 
llstTues.  in  Oct. 
j  Oct.  15th. 
;  1st  week  in  Oct. 
3,000  Nov.  4th. 

C.  F.  Brackett,  M.D.,  (Dean)  

Edward  Warren,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
F.  J.  S.  Gorgas,  M.D.,  (Dean) 

Geo.  W.  Miltcnberger,  M.D.,  (Dean) 
Geo.  C.  Shattuck,  M.D.,  (Dean)  

*  Tuition  and  Room. 


208 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809 


MEDICAL  COLLEGES  AND  SCHOOLS. 


No.                                              Name. 

Location. 

IM   .2 

If 

o 

I 
IS 

'C  ^ 

H 

Graduation  Fee. 

16  Berkshire  Medical  College  
17  Harvard  Dental  School* 

Pittsfield  Mass  . 
Boston                                    " 

1823 
1868 
1848 
1850 
1842 
1858 
1796 

$5 
5 
3 
10-25 
5 
5 
5 

$20 
30 
20 
3 
20 
30 
20 

18  New  England  Female  Medical  Col  

Boston  " 

19  Medical  Dep't  Univ.  of  Michigan  

Ann  Arbor  Mich.. 
St    Louis               .            Mo 

20  St.  Louis  Medical  College.  . 

21  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col.  of  Missouri. 
22  Medical  Dep't  of  Dartmouth  College...  . 
23  Long  Island  College  Hospital  
24  Medical  Dep't  of  University  of  Buffalo. 
25  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  a.. 
26  'Albany  Medical  College 

St.  Louis  " 

Hanover  N.  H.. 
Brooklvn                            N   Y 

Buffalo  u 
New  York  City.                    " 

1846 

1807 
1838 
1841 
1861 
1865 
1S66 

i863 

185!) 
1843 
1849 
1851 
1819 
1847 
1850 
1850 
1848 
1765 
1826 
1818 
1824 
1S50 

1868 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
0 
5 
3 

""B 

25 
5 
5 
5 

"'B' 

5 
5 
5 
5 

""5 

5 

"-5 

5 
25 

21) 
30 
25 
30 
30 
0 
30 
20 
10 
30 
25 
30 
25 
25 

'"m 

30 
30 
30 
SO 

""so" 

25 

'"25" 

25 

13 

Albany                                   " 

27:  Medical  Dep't  University  of  New  York. 
28  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College  
29  New  York  College  of  Dentistry 

New  York  City  " 
New  York  City.                    " 

New  York  City  " 
New  York  City  "• 
Geneva                                   " 

30  Eclectic  Medical  College  

31  (Geneva  Medical  College  b 

32  New  York  Medical  College  for  Women  . 
33  New  York  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col.  . 
34  Cleveland  Medical  College 

New  York  City  " 
New  York  City.  ...            " 

Cleveland                           Ohio 

35  .Cleveland  Homoeopathic  College  
36  Cincinnati  Col.  of  Medicine  and  Surg'y. 
37  Medical  College  of  Ohio 

Cleveland                               " 

Cincinnati     .          ...        " 

Cincinnati                              " 

38  Starling  Medical  College*  
39;  The  Women's  Medical  College  of  Penn. 
40  '  Penn  College  of  Dental  Surgery 

Columbus  " 
Philadelphia   .     .             Penn. 

Philadelphia                          " 

41iPhila.  Univ.  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.. 
42  Medical  Dep't  University  of  Penn  
43  Jefferson  Medical  Col  of  Phila 

Philadelphia  " 
Philadelphia                       " 

['hiladelphia                          " 

44!  Eclectic  Medical  College*  
45  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina  
46  Medical  Dep't  of  Univ.  of  Nashville.... 
47  Medical  Dep't  of  East  Tenn.  Univ.*.  .  .  . 
48;Texas  Medical  College 

Philadelphia  " 
Charleston  S.  C.. 
Nashville        .                    Tenn 

Knoxville  " 
Galveston                           Tex 

49  Medical  Dep't  University  of  Vermont.  . 
50  Medical  Dep't  of  Univ.  of  Virginia  
51.  Medical  Dep't  of  State  University*  

Burlington  Vt  

Near  Charlottesville  Va.  .  . 
Madison  Wis.. 

1823 

IV.     LAW  SCHOOLS. 


y0.                                              Name. 

Location. 

1] 

1820 
1826 

1  Law  Department  of  Yale  College 

New  Haven  
Washington 

Conn. 
D  C 

3  Law  Department  University  of  Georgia      

Athens  
Chicago  

...Ga... 
...111... 

4  Law  School  of  University  of  Chicago  

5  Law  Department  of  McKendree  College  
6  Law  School  of  University  of  Indiana  
7  Law  Department  of  University  of  Kentucky  
8  Law  School  Harvard  University  
9  Law  Department  of  Michigan  University        

Lebanon  " 

1860 
1843 

isi? 

1859 
1867 
1831) 

ia5i 

1853 
1831 
1845 
1856 
1850 
1847 

Bloomington  
Lexington  
Cambridge 

Ind... 
Ky... 

Mass 

Ann  Arbor  
St.  Louis 

Mich. 
.    Mo. 

10  Law  Department  of  Washington  University 

11  Law  School  of  Columbia  College  
12  Law  School  of  University  of  Albany  
13  Law  Department  of  Hamilton  Colle°pe 

New  York  City 

N  Y 

Albany  

Clinton 

14'Law  School  of  University  of  the  City  of  N.  Y.  .. 
15  Law  Department  of  University  of  North  Carolina. 
16;  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law  College  

New  York  City 

u 

Chapel  Hill  
Cleveland  
Philadelphia  

N.C.. 
Ohio.. 
.  .  .  Penn  . 

17  Law  Department  of  University  of  Pennsylvania.  . 
18  Law  School  of  University  of  South  Carolina  
19  Law  Department  of  Cumberland  University  
20  Law  Department  of  Baylor  University. 

Columbia  

S.  C.. 
Tenn  . 

Lebanon   . 

Independence 

Tex 

1845 
1825 
186Gt 

21  Law  School  of  University  of  Virginia  

Charlottesville  
Lexington  

Va... 

22  Lexington  Law  School  

*  Did  not  respond  to  the  circular  sent.  t  Reorgani/ed. 

a  Medical  Dep't  of  Columbia  College.       b  Medical  Dep't  of  Hobart  College. 


1869.] 


LAW  SCHOOLS. 
MEDICAL  COLLEGES  AND  SCHOOLS. 


209 


No.                               President  or  Dean. 

11 

£  £ 

•3 

Number  of 
Students  18C7-68 

ll 

£-3 

"3 

Cost  of  Lecture 
Tickets. 

ii! 

Commencement  of  Lecture 
Course. 

16  Frank  K  Paddock,  M.D  

6 

7 

i 

7 
10 

36 

16 

$T5 
110 
55 
0 
105 
90 
70 

1,000 

'"466 

3,000 

'"966 

Middle  of  June. 
1st  Wed.  in  Nov. 
1st  Wed.  in  Nov. 
Oct.  1st. 
Oct.  15  and  Mar.  15. 
Nov.  1st. 
1st  Thurs.  in  Aug. 

17  N.  C.  Keep,  M.D.,  D.D.S.,  (Dean)... 

15 
422 
120 
56 
40 

72 
422 
46 
21 

19  Silas  H  Douglass,  M  D  

20'  John  T.  Hoelgan  
21  J  T  Temple  M  D  (Dean) 

22  Rev.'  Asa  Dodge  Smith,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
23' 

24  George  Hacllev,  (Dean)  
25  Edward  Dclafield,  M.D  
26  Alden  March,  M.D  

8 
10 
10 
7 
16 
8 
6 
7 
8 
10 
10 
11 
10 
9 

ioo 

319 
88 
250 
377 
43 
60 
22 
33 
89 
107 
60 
56 
186 

40 
95 
34 
82 
697 
9 
20 

'"& 

42 
40 
29 
20 
54 

70 
140 
100 
140 
140 
150 
100 
62 
115 
105 
25 
90 
20 
60 

500 
'  4,475 

iet  Wed.  in  Nov. 
Oct.  1st. 
1st  Tucs.  in  Sept. 
Oct.  12th. 
2d  Wed.  in  March. 
Oct.  15th. 
Oct.  19th. 
1st  Wed.  in  Oct. 
1st  Mon.  in  Nov. 
2d  Tues.  in  Oct. 
1st  Wed.  in  Oct. 
Oct.  21st. 
1st  week  in  Oct. 
1st  week  in  Oct. 

27  'John  W.  Draoer,  M.D.,  LL.D  
28  Isaac  E.  Taylor,  M.D  
29  Eleazar  Parmly,  M.D  
30  Robert  S.  Newton.  M.D  
31  'Prof.  J.  Towler,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
82  Mrs.  C.  S.  Lozier,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
33  J  Beakley  MD  (Dean)  .  .. 

'  "  "566 

'"26 
1.000 
5,000 
5,000 

'  i",566 

34  J.  Lang  Cassels,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
35  Prof.  A.  O.  Blair,  M.  D  
86  B.  S.  Lawson.  M.D.,  (Dean)  
37  Prof.  M.  B.  Wright,  M.D.,  (Dean)... 
38!  ................ 

39  A  Preston  M  D 

7 
9 

"l2" 

7 

43 
79 
348 
408 
853 

10 
31 
64 
153 
159 

ios 

100 
140 
20 
140 

1,500 

Oct.  14th. 
1st  Mon.  in  Nov. 
Oct.  1st. 
2d  Mon.  in  Oct. 
2d  Mon.  in  Oct. 

40  T.  L.  Buckingham.  D.D.S.,  (Dean).  . 
41  W.  Paine,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
42  Robert  E.  Rogers,  M.D.,  (Dean)  
43  S.  H.  Dicksoii,  M.D.,  (Dean)  

44 

800 



45  F  M  Robertson  MD 

15 
9 

105 
135 

Nov.  2d. 
1st  Mon.  in  Oct. 

46  Wm.  K.  Bowling,  M.D  

47 

209 

1,186 

2,000 

48  T.  J.  Heard,  M.D  

7 
6 
15 

'"65 

475 

"'26' 

105 
70 
100 

35,666 

1st  Mon.  in  Dec. 
1st  Thurs.  in  March. 
1st  of  Oct. 

49  Samuel  W.  Thayer,  M.D.,  (Dean).  .  . 
50  S  Maunin  M  D 

51)  

LAW  SCHOOLS. 


No. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
s 
9 
HI 
11 
12 
18 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
2-2 

President  or  Senior  Professor. 

Number 
of  Professors. 

Number 
of  Students. 

Number 
of  Alumni. 

•S    «    £, 

III 

|ga 

X  "  .9 

Henry  Dutton,  LL.  D.  .  . 

2 
4 

4 

16 
210 

14 

Samuel  Tyler,  LL.D  .  .  . 

95 

William  L.  Mitchell,  A.M 

Henry  H.  Horncr.  A.M.  .  . 

1 
5 
3 
4 
4 
6 
9 
3 
1 
3 
2 
4 
3 
1 

9 
17 

26 
125 

387 
11 
182 
110 

'"165" 

George  A.  Bicknell,  LL.D 

Madison  C.  Johnson,  LL.D  

Joel  Parker,  LL.D  

13,000 
3,000 

James  V.  Campbell,  LL.D 

310 

Samuel  Treat,  A.M... 

Theodore  W.  Dwight,  LL.D. 

379 

Ira  Harris  LL  D 

Ellicott  Evans,  LL.D 

Thomas  W.  Clcrke,  LL.D.  .  . 

25 

18 

""67" 
4 

William  H.  Battle.  LL.D 

John  Crowell,  LL.D 

320 



George  Sharswood,  LL  D 

:::::::; 

A.  C.  Haskell... 

N.  Green,  L.B  

R.  T.  Smyth  

3 
2 
1 

14 
109 



John  B.  Minor.  LL.D 



John  W.  Brockenbrough,  LL.D  

14 


210 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

V.     STATE  AND  CITY  NORMAL  SCHOOLS. 


No. 

Nam*. 

Location. 

i! 

p| 

Principal. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
0 
7 
8 
8 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
11! 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
241 
27 
88 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
25 
86 
37 
138 
3D 
40 
41 
42 
43 

1 

2 
3 
4 
6 
6 
7 

State  Normal  School 

San  Francisco 

Cal 

1862 
1849 
1867 
1867 
1867 
1856 
1864 
1858 
1867 
1863 
1865 
1839 
1839 
1854 
1840 
1849 
1864 
1867 
1867 
1865 
1856 
1844 
1861 
1866 
1866 
1867 
1866 
1867 
1867 
1859 
1861 
1862 
1866 
1852 
1867 
1867 
1868 
1868 
1867 
1866 
1862 
1867 
1867 

W.  T.  Lucky,  A.M. 

State  Normal  School  * 

,...Conn 

State  Normal  University  
State  Normal  University  
State  Normal  School 

Dover 

Del 

Normal  
Terre  Haute  
Iowa  City 

...111... 
Ind... 
Iowa 

R.Edwards,  LL.D. 

Normal  Dep't  of  Univ.  of  Iowa..  . 

S.N.  Fellows,  A.M. 
L.  B.  Kellogg  
Mrs.  K    Shaw 

Kan 

New  Orleans  Normal  School 

New  Orleans  

.  .  La  . 

Eastern  State  Normal  School 

Castine 

Me 

G  T  Fletcher 

Western  State  Normal  School  
Maryland  State  Normal  School  

Farmington  

George  M.  Gage  
M.  A.  Newell.... 
J.W.Dick'son,A.M. 
Annie  E.Johnson.. 
Daniel  B.  Hagar  
A.  G.  Boyden,  A.M. 
D.P.May  hew  
Wm.  F.  Phelps  
Erastus  L.  Ripley.. 
J.  M.  McKenzie.... 
John  S.  Hart,  LL.D. 
J.  Fletcher  Street.. 
Joseph  Alden  
Edward  A.  Sheldon, 

Baltimore  

....  Md 

Westfleld 

Mass 

State  Normal  School  

Framingham  

State  Normal  School 

tt 

State  Normal  School 

BridTwater 

'       u 

State  Normal  School. 

Ypsilanti  

Mich. 
Minn. 
Mo 

State  Normal  School 

Winona  
Columbia 

College  of  Normal  Instruction  .  .  . 
Nebraska  State  Normal  School.  .  . 
New  Jersey  State  Normal  School. 
Farnum  Preparatory  Nor.  School. 
State  Normal  School    

Peru  
Trenton 

Neb.. 
N.  J. 

Beverly  

Albany  
Oswe<ro 

N.  Y. 

State  Normal  School 

State  Normal  School  

Brockport  

tt 

State  Normal  School. 

Cortland 

it 

Joseph  A.  Allen  

State  Normal  School 

Fredonia 

u 

State  Normal  School  

Potsdam  

u 

State  Normal  School.        .  . 

Buffalo 

u 

State  Normal  School 

Geneseo 

u 

State  Normal  School  

Millersville     

....  Penn  . 

Edward  Brooks  
Joseph  A.  Cooper.. 
F.A.Allen  

State  Normal  School.. 

Edinboro 

State  Normal  School  
S  tate  Normal  School  

Mansfield  

41    ' 

Kutztown 

U 

J.  S.  Ermentraut.  .  . 

State  Normal  School,  t 

Bristol 

R  I 

State  Normal  School 

Johnson  
Randolph 

Vt.... 

S.  H.  Pearl,  A.M.... 
Edw:dConant,A.M. 

State  Normal  School..  . 

State  Normal  School  

Castleton  
Guyandotte 

w  v 

S.  R.Thomson  
Chas.'H.'  Allen.'.!!!! 

State  Normal  School 

West  Liberty 

State  Normal  School 

Platteville 

Wis 

State  Normal  School  

Madison  
Whitewater 

State  Normal  School. 

State  Normal  School 

Oshkosh 

u 

CITY  NORMAL  AND  TRAINING 
SCHOOLS. 
City  Normal  School 

Chicago 

ni 

City  Training  School  
City  Training  School  
City  Training  School 

Fort  Wayne  

Ind... 

1867 
18(37 
1863 
1852 
1857 
1848 

Mary  II.  Swan  
Amanda  F.Fumiell  . 
Mrs.M.A.M'Goneg1! 

Indianapolis. 

Davenport 

Iowa 

Girls'  High  and  Normal  School.  . 
City  Normal  School  

Boston 

Mass 

St.  Louis. 

Mo 

AnnaC.  Brackett.  .  . 
George  W.  Fetter.. 

Girls'  Normal  School  

Philadelphia  

Penn  . 

NOTE.— There  are  some  other  institutions  which  would  have  been  included  in  the  foregoing 
tables,  had  the  catalogues  or  lists  of  officers  and  students  been  received  in  time. 

*  Suspended  in  1867.       i  Suspended  in  1865. 


1869.] 


STATE  AND  CITY  NORMAL  SCHOOLS. 
STATE  AND  CITY  NORMAL  SCHOOLS. 


211 


Wo. 

Number 
of  Instructors. 

No.  of  Male  Stu 
dents  in  1867-68. 

No.  of  Female 
Students 
in  1867-68. 

Whole  No.  of  Stu- 
dents  from 
Organization. 

Whole  No. 
of  Graduates. 

if! 

Annual  appropriation  from 
State  or  City. 

An'al  expense  to 
each  Student. 

Time  of  Anniversary. 

1 

2 
8 
4 
5 

(i 
7 
8 

g 

10 

11 

12 

18 
14 
16 

K; 

11 

18 

Hi 
20 
21 

21 
25 
26 
27 
28 

3() 
81 
32 
38 
84 
81 

87 
8s 
89 
40 
41 
42 
43 

1 
2 

8 
4 
6 
6 

7 

4 

20 

140 

675 

2,349 

120 
249 

1,500 

$8,000 

May. 

12 

169 

244 

1,611 

99 

3,000 

12,500 

$100-200 

3d  Thurs.  in  June. 

2 

16 
3 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
6 
10 
8 
7 
3 
21 
6 
15 
18 

36 
50 
0 
26 
51 
16 
25 
0 
0 
29 

64 
70 
195 
45 
132 
116 
226 
159 
196 
81 

744 

225 
350 
71 

'"239 
1,900 
1,573 
1,135 
1,618 
4,800 
140 
23 
25 

102 
6 
50 
0 

'"79 
412 
1,148 
482 
1,016 
230 
41 

'"6 

'  i",666 

Sup'd  by  Uni.  Fund. 
6,000 

150-200 

Last  Thurs.  in  June. 
Last  week  in  June. 
3d  Sat.  in  June. 
3d  Thurs.  in  May. 

300 

'"566 

1,300 
900 
8,000 
5,000 

'  3.666 

3,000 
50 
3,000 
1,000 
1,200 
241 
750 

2,000 
4,400 
8,000 
8,500 
8,500 
8,500 
8,500 
10,000 
5,000 

180 

'"i60 
163 
175 
200 

Last  week  in  May. 
3d  Thurs.  in  July. 
Last  Tu.  of  each  term. 
Lastof  Jan.,  1  of  July. 
2d  week  in  July. 

13 
23 

"'ii' 

150 
75 
45 
50 

74 

160 
140-200 
150 
150 
160 
180 
160 

4th  week  in  June. 
Last  Thurs.  in  July. 
Last  week  in  June. 
L'st  Th.  Jan.  and  Jun. 
June  and  Dec. 

202 
150 

300 
268 
90 

10,000  from  State. 
2,400  and  F.es'te. 
16.000  from  State. 
16,000 
12,000 

'  '  "582 

'  i',679 
242 

July  8,  Feb.  4. 

12 

..'.'.'..  .....'. 

604 

0 

12,000 

18 
10 
10 
13 

534 
211 
174 
266 

278 
214 
170 

77 

5,500 
1,444 
1,636 
405 
722 
177 
479 

130 
30 
67 

3,900 
1,662 
630 
2,000 

5,000 
5,000 
5,000 
5,000 

200 
170 

184 
178 

3d  Thurs.  in  July. 

3d  Thurs.  in  June. 

4 
2 

69 
167 

108 
171 

29 
35 

500 
500 

650  from  State. 

150 
160 

3d  Wed.  in  Feb. 

5 

2,500  from  State. 

200 

6 

64 

79 



0 

600 

8,000  to  10,000 

50 

Last  week  in  June. 

2 
1 
2 
14 
6 
11 

000000 

1 

10 
12 
13 
332 
104 
370 

10 

9 

1,000 

2,500 

0 

2d  week  in  June. 
Last  week  in  June. 

76 

42 

91 

530 
2,667 

190 
1,019 

120|  3,531.95 
500  11,925.24 

75.14 
2.75 

3d  week  in  June. 
Feb.  and  July. 

New  York  and  several  other  cities  have  Saturday  Normal  and  Training  Schools,  designed 
principally  for  the  teachers  of  the  public  schools.  In  several  of  the  Western  States  there  are 
county  and  private  Normal  Schools,  and  in  the  Southern  States  more  than  30  Normal  Schools 
have  been  established  for  freedmen,  which  are  not  included  in  the  above  tables. 


212  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

AGRICULTURAL  AND  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOLS. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  acres  to  which  each  State  is  en 
titled  under  the  Act  donating  land  to  the  States  and  Territories  for  Agricul 
tural  Colleges,  (provided  Congress  removes  the  disability  of  States  that  have 
not  complied  with  the  provisions  of  the  bill),  and  other  general  facts  relative 
to  the  acceptance  of  the  grant  by  the  State  legislatures  and.  the  location  of 
Colleges,  so  far  as  they  have  been  established : 


STATIB. 

i  s. 

3* 
•si 

8 
5 
5 

6 

3 
3 
9 
16 

13 

8 

3 

11 

Acres   in 
scrip. 

Date  of  acceptance. 

Date  of  establish- 

Designation  and  location. 

Alabama  
Arkansas  
California  

Connecticut  
Delaware 

240,000 
150,000 
150,000 

180,000 

90,000 

90,000 
270,000  ! 
480,000 

390,000 
240,000 

90,000 
330,000 

210  000 

March  3i,'  1866 
June    24,  1863 
Feb.     17,  1867 

March3i,'is66 
June    24,1863 
March  14,  1867 

Agricultural,    Mining,    and    Me 
chanic  Arts  College. 
Sheffield  Scientific  School  of  Yale 
College,  New  Haven. 
Delaware  State  College,  Newark. 

Illinois  Industrial  University,  Ur- 
bana,  Champaign  county. 
Indiana  Agricultural  College. 
State  Agricult'l  College  and  Farm, 
Ames,  Story  county. 
State  Agricult'l  Coll.,  Manhattan. 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col 
lege,  (Kentucky  Univ'sity,)  Lex 
ington. 

State  College  of  Agricultural  and 
Mechanic  Arts.  Orono. 
State  Agric1!  College.  Hvattsville. 
Mass.Inst.  of  Technology,  Host- 
Massachusetts    Agricultural   Col 
lege,  Amherst. 
State  Agriculfl  College.  Lansing. 
Agricult'l  College  of  Minnesota, 
with  State  University,  St.  Paul. 

N.  Hampshire  Coll.  of  Agriculture, 
(Dartmouth  College.)  Hanover. 
Rutgers1  Scientific  Self  I  and  Rut 
gers'  College,  New  Brunswick. 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca. 

Agricultural  College  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  Centre  county. 
Scientific  School  of  Brown  Uni 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois  

Jan.     25,  1867 

March   6,  1865 
Sept.    11,  1862 

Feb.       8,  1863 
Jan.     27,  1863 

Feb.    28,1867 

Indiana  
Iowa      

March  29,  1866 

Feb.    16,  1863 
Feb.    22,  1865 

Kansas  
Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine  
Maryland 

7 

7 
12 

8 
4 

r 

1] 
f 

3-' 
2: 
2( 

1 
1 

210,000 

210,000 
360,000 

2-10,000 
120,000 

210,000 
330,000 
90,000 
90,000 
150,000 

210,000 

990,000 
270,000 
630,000 
90,000 
780,000 

120,000 

180.000 
300,000 
180,000 
150,000 

300.00C 
150,OOC 

240,OOC 

March  25,  1863 

Jan.     24,  1864 
,   1863 

Feb.    25,  1863 
March  2,1865 

Feb.    25,  1865 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan  
Minnesota  

Mississippi  
Missouri  
Nebraska 

j  Apr.  10,  18(51 
1  Apr.  29,  1863 

March  18,  1863 
January,  1868 

Nevada  
New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey  

New  York  
North  Carolina. 
Ohio    

March  9,  1865 
July      9,  1863 

March  21,  1863 
May     14,  1863 

July      9,  1866 
April     4,  1864 
April   27,1865 

April   13,1865 
Oct.       9,  1802 
May       1,  1863 

Jan.     23,  1863 

April"i3",'is54 

Oregon  
Pennsylvania... 

Rhode  Island.  .  . 

South  Carolina. 
Tennessee  

versity,  Providence. 

University  of  Vermont  and  State 
Agricult'l  College,  Burlington. 

Agricultural  College  of  West  Vir 
ginia.  Morgantown. 
University  ot  Wisconsin,  (College 
of  Arts,)  Madison. 

Nov.    11,  1803 

Nov.    22,  1864 

Feb.""7Vi86: 
April  12,  186f 

West  Virginia.  . 
Wisconsin  
Total  

Oct.       3,  186? 
April     2,  186S 

31- 

9,510,000 

1809.] 


PUBLIC  SCHOOL  EXPENSES. 


213 


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214  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 


LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS. 

Librarian  of  Congress AINSWORTH  R.  SPOFFORD. 

Assistant  Librarians FREDERIC  VINTON,  C.  H.  W.  MEEHAN.  THEO 
DORE  GILL,  GEORGE  A.  MORRIS,  JAMES  C. 
STROUT,  W.  H.  RHOBERTS,  Louis  SOLYONE. 

An  act  passed  during  the  first  session  of  the  6th  Federal  Congress  and  ap 
proved  April  24,  1800,  was  the  first  provision  for  establishing  the  National 
Library  of  Congress.  Subsequent  acts  from  1802  to  1811  provided  for  the  ap 
pointment  of  librarian,  authorized  regulations  and  restrictions,  and  appro 
priated  $1,000  annually  for  the  increase  of  the  library.  About  3,000  volumes 
had  been  collected,  when  after  the  battle  of  Bladensburg,  August  24,  1814, 
the  library  was  burned  by  the  British  under  General  Ross  and  Admiral 
Cockburn. 

Congress,  by  an  act  approved  January  30,  1815,  authorized  the  purchase 
of  the  library  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  consisting  of  6,700  volumes,  for  $23,950. 
This  library,  which  contained  many  rare  and  valuable  books,  was  first  placed 
in  a  room  of  the  building  temporarily  occupied  by  Congress,  but  was  re 
moved  to  the  north  wing  of  the  capitol  in  1818  or  1819.  An  act  approved 
December  3,  1818,  directed  that  suitable  apartments  be  fitted  up  and  fur 
nished  for  it,  and  $2,000  was  appropriated  for  the  purchase  of  books.  Ad 
ditional  appropriations  wrere  made  which  from  1820  to  1828  amounted  to 
$26,000,  for  the  purchase  of  books,  and  $5,490  for  furniture,  stoves,  &c. 
Additions  of  books,  maps,  charts,  and  works  of  art  were  made  from  time  to 
time  until,  in  1851,  the  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  was  over  55,000, 
and  the  Library  room  was  the  favorite  resort  of  visitors  to  the  metropolis. 
On  the  24th  of  December,  the  library  took  fire  and  35,000  volumes  of  books, 
and  many  valuable  paintings  and  works  of  art  were  destroyed.  An  appro 
priation  of  $10,000  was  immediately  made  to  commence  the  restoration  of 
the  library.  Another  appropriation  of  $72,500  was  made  March  19,  1852, 
for  repairs  of  the  library  room.  August  31, 1852,  $75,000  was  appropriated 
for  the  purchase  of  books. 

The  Law  Department  of  the  Library,  which  is  in  a  separate  room,  contains 
the  largest  and  best  selection  of  law  books  in  America,  and  up  to  1867,  had 
cost  about  $63,000. 

The  Library  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  was  transferred  to  the  library 
of  Congress  under  an  act  approved  April  5,  1866.  There  were  about  40,000 
volumes  in  this  collection,  comprising  many  scientific  books,  journals,  and 
transactions  of  learned  societies.  The  whole  number  of  volumes  in  the 
Library,  December  1,  1867,  was  165,467,  exclusive  of  unbound  pamphlets, 
periodicals,  manuscripts  and  maps ;  23,915  volumes  belong  to  the  Law  De 
partment. 

The  library  of  Peter  Force  of  Washington,  comprising  with  other  works, 
a  large  collection  of  early  books,  newspapers,  pamphlets,  manuscripts,  and 
maps,  relating  to  America,  was  purchased  in  1867  for  $100,000  and  added 
to  the  library  of  Congress. 


1869.]  LIBRARY  OP  CONGRESS.  215 

The  classification  of  the  library  has  been  much  improved  by  Mr.  Spofford, 
the  present  librarian.  A  complete  catalogue  of  the  books  arranged  alpha 
betically  under  the  head  of  authors,  has  been  prepared  and  printed  under 
his  direction,  and  a  full  catalogue  by  subjects  is  now  (November,  1868), 
passing  through  the  press. 

The  Library  embraces  the  whole  of  the  western  projection  of  the  center 
of  the  original  Capitol,  and  consists  of  a  hall  occupying  the  center  of  the 
western  front  flanked  by  two  other  halls,  one  on  the  north,  and  the  other  on 
the  south  side  of  the  projection.  The  west  hall,  which  formerly  embraced 
the  whole  Library,  was  91  feet  6  inches  in  length,  34  feet  wide,  and  38  feet 
high ;  the  other  two  halls,  of  the  same  height,  are  29  feet  6  inches  wide,  and 
95  feet  long. 

The  halls  are  lighted  by  windows  and  skylights.  The  ceiling  is  iron  and 
glass,  and  rests  on  foliated  iron  brackets,  each  weighing  a  ton.  The  pilas 
ters  and  panels  are  of  iron  painted  a  delicate  buff  color  and  burnished  with 
gold  leaf.  The  floor  is  laid  in  tessellated  black  and  white  marble. 

There  are  successive  stories  of  iron  cases  for  books ;  the  upper  stories 
are  traversed  by  galleries,  protected  by  railings  and  floored  with  cast-iron 
plates.  Light  wire  screens  prevent  the  books  from  being  disturbed  or 
stolen.  The  north  and  south  halls  have  four  galleries,  while  the  west  hall 
has  but  three. 

The  total  length  of  iron  shelving  is  21,360  feet,  affording  space  for  about 
172,000  volumes.  If  to  this  be  added  the  shelf  accommodation  of  the  Law 
Library  Room  (formerly  occupied  by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court)  and 
the  long  attic  room  communicating  with  the  upper  gallery  of  the  main 
library,  the  entire  length  of  shelving  is  26,148  feet,  or  nearly  five  miles,  afford 
ing  space  for  about  210,000  volumes. 

There  are  (November  1868),  more  than  175,000  volumes  in  the  library. 

The  privilege  of  taking  books  from  the  Library  extends  to  the  President 
and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  the  Cabinet  officers,  the  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa 
tives,  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate,  the  Clerk  of  the  House,  the  agent  of  joint 
committee  on  the  Library,  and  the  Diplomatic  Corps.  The  use  of  books 
within  the  Library  is  free  to  all. 

The  Senate  and  House  have  also  separate  libraries  of  documents  kept  in 
other  apartments,  which,  including  duplicates,  number  many  thousands  of 
volumes. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  appoints  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 
and  he  in  turn,  the  assistants  he  may  require.  A  Joint  Committee  of  the  two 
Houses  of  Congress  have  charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  Library. 

The  Library  is  kept  open  every  week  day  throughout  the  year,  from  9 
o'clock  A.  M.  until  4  P.  M.,  except  during  one  month  at  mid-summer,  when 
it  is  closed  for  renovation. 


216  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 

MEMBERS  ex-Offido. 

ANDREW  JOHNSON,  President  United  States.         GIDEON  WELLES,  Secretary  of  Navy. 
Wai.  H.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State.  ALEX.  W.  RANDALL,  Postmaster  General. 

HUGH  McCuLLOcii,  Secretary  of  Treasury.  WM.  M.  EVARTS,  Attorney  General. 

JOHN  M.  SCHOPIELD,  Secretary  of  War.  SALMON  P.  CHASE,  Chief  Justice  of  U.  S. 

BOARD  OF  EEGENTS. 

BENJAMIN  F.  WADE,  Vice  President  U.  S.  LUKE  P.  POLAND,  U.  S.  Representative. 

SALMON  P.  CHASE,  Chief  Justice  of  U.  S.  WM.  B.  ASTOR,  citizen  of  New  York. 

LYMAN  TRUMBULL,  U.  S.  Senator.  THEO.  D.  WOOLSEY,  citizen  of  Connecticut. 

GARRET  DAVIS,   U.  S.  Senator.  JOHN  McLEAN,  citizen  of  New  Jersey. 

WM.  P.  FESSENDEN,  U.  S.  Senator.  Louis  AGASSIZ,  citizen  of  Massachusetts. 

JAMES  A.  GARFIELD,  U.  S.  Representative.  RICHARD  DELAFIELD,  citizen  of  Washington. 

JOHN  V.  L.  PRUYN,  U.  S.  Representative.  PETER  PARKER,  citizen  of  Washington. 

OFFICERS. 

Presiding  Officer  of  the  Institution ANDREW  JOHNSON,  ex-Qffitio. 

Chancellor SALMON  P.  CHASE. 

Secretary JOSEPH  HENRY. 

Assistant  Secretary SPENCER  F.  BAIRD. 

Chief  Clerk WILLIAM  J.  RHEES. 

Executive  Committee RICHARD  DELAFIELD. 

James  Smithson  of  London,  bequeathed  his  property  to  the  United  States 
for  the  purpose  of  founding  in  Washington  an  establishment  to  be  known  as 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  and  diffusing  knowl 
edge  among  men. 

Congress  accepted  the  bequest,  and  Aug.  10,  1846,  passed  an  act  incorpo 
rating  the  institution.  The  original  amount  of  money  received  from  the  be 
quest  was  $515,169,  to  which  should  be  added  the  principal  of  an  annuity 
received  in  1865,  amounting  to  $26,210.63,  making  in  all  from  the  bequest  of 
Smithson,  $541,379.63.  At  the  time  of  passing  the  act  establishing  the  In 
stitution,  in  1846,  the  sum  of  $242,000  had  accrued  in  interest,  and  this  the 
Regents  were  authorized  to  expend  on  a  building.  But,  instead  of  appro 
priating  this  sum  immediately  to  this  purpose,  they  put  it  at  interest,  and 
deferred  the  completion  of  the  building  for  several  years,  until  over  $100,000 
should  be  accumulated,  the  income  of  which  might  defray  the  expenses  of 
keeping  the  building,  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  income  of  the  original 
bequest  be  devoted  to  the  objects  for  which  it  was  designed. 

The  permanent  fund  of  the  Institution,  January,  1868,  was  $650,000,  be 
sides  $72,500  in  Virginia  state  bonds,  the  market  value  of  which  was  about 
$30,000. 

The  act  of  1846,  provides  "That  the  President  and  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  the  Sec 
retary  of  War,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  the  Postmaster  General,  the  At 
torney  General,  the  Chief  Justice,  and  the  Commissioner  of  the  Patent  Office 
of  the  United  States,  and  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Washington,  during  the 
time  for  which  they  shall  hold  their  respective  offices,  and  such  other  persons 
as  they  may  elect  as  honorary  members,  be  and  they  are  hereby  constituted 


1869.]  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION.  217 

an  '  establishment '  by  the  name  of  the  '  Smithsonian  Institution '  for  the 
increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men." 

The  law  also  provides  for  a  "  Board  of  Regents  "  to  be  composed  of  the 
Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Washington, 
three  Senators,  three  Representatives,  together  with  six  other  persons,  other 
than  Members  of  Congress,  two  of  whom  shall  be  members  of  the  National 
Institute,  in  the  City  of  Washington,  and  residents  in  the  said  city,  and 
the  other  four  shall  be  inhabitants  of  other  States,  and  no  two  of  them  from 
the  same  State. 

The  Establishment  exercises  general  supervision  over  the  affairs  of  the 
Institution.  The  Board  of  Regents  conducts  the  business  of  the  Institution, 
and  makes  annual  reports  to  Congress.  The  Secretary  of  the  Institution  is 
elected  by  the  Board.  His  duty  is  to  take  charge  of  the  building  and  prop 
erty,  discharge  the  duty  of  librarian,  keeper  of  the  museum,  etc.,  and  has 
power,  by  consent  of  the  Regents,  to  employ  assistants. 

The  Institution  has  received  and  taken  charge  of  such  government  col 
lections  in  mineralogy,  geology,  and  natural  history,  as  have  been  made  since 
its  organization.  The  Institution  has  also  received,  from  other  sources,  col 
lections  of  greater  or  less  extent,  from  various  portions  of  North  America, 
tending  to  complete  the  government  series.  The  collections  thus  made,  taken 
as  a  whole,  constitute  the  largest  and  best  series  of  the  minerals,  fossils,  rocks, 
animals,  and  plants  of  the  entire  continent  of  North  America,  in  the  world. 
Valuable  collections  from  other  countries  have  also  been  received. 

Three  classes  of  publications  are  issued  by  the  Institution :  1.  A  quarto 
series,  entitled  "'  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge."  2.  An  octavo 
series,  entitled  "  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections."  3.  Another  octavo 
series,  consisting  of  the  Annual  Reports  of  the  Institution  to  Congress,  called 
"  Smithsonian  Reports." 

The  Institution  has  devoted  special  attention  to  meteorology,  and  organ 
ized  a  voluntary  system  of  observations,  extending  as  widely  as  possible  over 
the  wThole  of  the  North  American  continent.  It  has  also  contributed  to  other 
departments  of  Natural  Science,  and  by  its  system  of  international  ex 
changes,  has  been  of  great  service  to  institutions  and  governments.  Com 
pilations  from  the  reports  of  observers  are  published  in  volumes,  and  also  by 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  in  its  monthly  reports. 

Total  number  of  contributions— in  1865, 102;  in  1866,  168;  in  1867, 163.  Total  number  of 
packages  received— in  1865,  257 ;  in  1866,  318 ;  in  1867,  320. 

Number  of  Smithsonian  observers  in  1867,  385  in  forty-two .  states  and  territories,  and  four 
foreign  countries.  Meteorological  registers  were  received  from  forty-three  colleges  and  other 
institutions. 

Number  of  societies  sending  their  publications  in  exchange  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution — 
from  Germany,  .334;  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  194;  France,  113;  United  States,  100;  Italy,  70; 
Holland,  48;  Russia,  46;  Switzerland,  35 ;  Canada,  20;  Belgium,  19;  Australia,  15 ;  Denmark, 
13;  Sweden,  12;  Hindostan,  11 ;  Norway,  9;  Spain,  7;  Cuba,  6;  East  Indies,  4 ;  Chili,  4;  Por 
tugal,  3 ;  Turkey,  3 ;  Mauritius,  2 ;  Africa,  2 ;  China,  2 ;  Brazil,  2 ;  Greece,  1 ;  Egypt,  1 ;  Bogota, 
1;  Buenos  Ayres,  1 ;  Jamaica,!;  Mexico,!;  Trinidad,!;  making  in  all,  1,081.  Number  of 
books,  maps  and  charts  received  by  exchange,  in  1867— Octavo,  1,088 ;  Quarto,  383 ;  Folio,  86 ; 
total,  1,557.  Number  of  parts  of  volumes  and  pamphlets— Octavo,  2,689 ;  Quarto,  1,057 ;  Folio, 
200 ;  total,  3,946 ;  maps  and  charts,  328 ;  making  in  all,  5,831. 


218  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

UNITED  STATES  MINT. 

The  Constitution  (Article  1,  section  8),  gives  Congress  the  sole  power  to  coin 
money,  and  regulate  the  value  thereof.  The  act  of  April  2, 1792,  provided  that 
a  mint  for  the  purpose  of  National  Coinage  should  be  established  and  carried 
on  at  the  seat  of  government  of  the  United  States,  which  was  then  at  Phila 
delphia.  Subsequent  acts  continued  the  mint  at  the  same  place  temporarily, 
until  by  act  of  May  19, 1828,  its  location  was  permanently  fixed  in  that  city. 

The  officers  of  the  mint  are — a  Director,  a  Treasurer,  an  Assayer,  a  Meltcr 
and  Refiner,  a  Chief  Coiner,  and  an  Engraver.  These  officers  are  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate. 

The  Director  has  the  control  and  management  of  the  mint,  the  superin 
tendence  of  the  officers  and  persons  employed,  and  the  general  regulation 
and  supervision  of  the  several  branches. 

The  Treasurer  receives  all  moneys  for  the  use  or  support  of  the  mint,  and 
all  bullion  brought  to  the  mint  for  coinage ;  he  has  the  custody  of  the  same 
except  while  legally  in  the  hands  of  other  officers ;  and  on  the  warrant  of  the 
Director,  he  pays  all  moneys  due  by  the  mint,  and  delivers  all  coins  struck 
at  the  mint  to  the  persons  to  whom  they  are  legally  payable. 

The  Assayer  assays  all  metals  used  in  coinage,  and  all  coins,  whenever  re 
quired  by  the  operations  of  the  mint,  or  instructed  by  the  Director. 

The  Melter  and  Refiner  conducts  the  operations  necessary  to  form  ingots 
of  standard  silver  and  gold  suitable  for  the  Chief  Coiner. 

The  Chief  Coiner  conducts  the  operations  necessary  to  form  coins  from  the 
ingots,  &c.,  delivered  to  him  for  the  purpose. 

The  Engraver  prepares  and  engraves  with  the  legal  device  and  inscription 
all  the  dies  used  in  the  coinage  of  the  mint  and  its  branches. 

Besides  the  mint  at  Philadelphia,  Congress  has  from  time  to  time  estab 
lished  branches  and  an  Assay  Office  at  the  following  places : 

At  New  Orleans,  for  the  coinage  of  gold  and  silver March  3, 1835. 

At  Charlotte,  North  Carolina,  for  the  coinage  of  gold  only March  3, 1835. 

At  Dahlonega,  Georgia,  for  gold  only March  3, 1&35. 

At  San  Francisco,  California,  for  gold  and  silver July  3, 1852. 

At  Denver,  Colorado  Territory,  for  gold  and  silver April    21, 1862. 

At  Carson  City,  Nevada,  for  gold  and  silver March  3, 1863 

At  New  York  City,  an  Assay  Office  for  the  receipt,  melting,  refining,  parting, 
and  assaying  of  gold  and  silver  bullion  and  foreign  coin,  and  for  casting  the 

same  into  bars,  ingots,  or  disks March  3, 1853. 

At  Dallas  City,  Oregon,  for  gold  and  silver July  4, 1864. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  MINT  AT  PHILADELPHIA. 

Director HENRY  R.  LINDERMAN $4,500 

Treasurer,  and  Ex-  Officio  Asst.  Treas.  of  U.S...  CHAMBERS  MCKIBBIN* 3,500 

Assayer JACOB  R.  ECKFELDT 3,000 

Melter  and  Refiner JAMES  C.  BOOTH 3,000 

Chief  Coiner A.  LOUDON  SNOWDEN 3,000 

Engraver JAMES  B.  LONGACRE 3,000 

Assistant  Assayer WILLIAM  E.  DUBOIS 2,000 

OFFICER  or  BRANCH  MINT,  NEW  ORLEANS,  LA. 
Treasurer JOHN  S.  WALTON $4,000 

OFFICER  OF  BRANCH  MINT,  CHARLOTTE,  N.  C. 
Assayer ISAAC  W.  JONES $1,500 

*The  Treasurer  also  receives  $1,500  for  additional  compensation  as  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States. 


1809.]  UNITED  STATES  MINT.  219 

OFFICERS  OF  BRANCH  MINT,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

Superintendent ROBERT  B.  SWAIN $4,500 

Treasurer  CHAS.  N.  FELTON . 4,500 

Assayer  BENJ.  T.  MARTIN 3,000 

Coiner  WILLIAM  ESHMOLZ 3,000 

Melter  andEejiner JOHN  M.  ECKFELDT 3,000 

OFFICERS  AT  NEW  YORK  ASSAY  OFFICE. 

Superintendent GEORGE  F.  DUNNING $ 

Treasurer H.  H.  VAN  DYCK 8,000 

Assayer  JOHN  TORRY 

Melter  and  Eeflner ANDREW  MASON 

Assistant  Assayer CARL  SHULTZ 

OFFICERS  OF  BRANCH  MINT  AT  DENVER,  COL. 

Superintendent GEORGE  W.  LANE $2,000 

Assayer  OSCAR  D.  MUNSON 1,800 

GEORGE  W.  MCCLURE 1,800 


Deposits  of  bullion  are  received  at  the  mint  and  its  branches  to  be  sepa 
rated  and  refined,  or  cast  into  bars  or  ingots,  the  charges  for  refining,  casting, 
or  forming  bars  or  ingots  being  the  actual  cost  of  the  operation,  including 
labor,  wastage,  use  of  machinery,  materials,  &c.,  to  be  regulated  from  time 
to  time  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

In  1867,  the  rate  of  charges  on  deposits  of  gold  and  silver  bullion  at  the 
mint  in  Philadelphia  and  at  the  Assay  Office  in  New  York,  were  as  follows : 

For  toughening  or  refining,  in  proportion  to  fineness  of  metal.  On  gold,  from  1  cent  to  3$ 
cents  per  ounce,  gross  weight.  On  silver,  from  £  cent  to  3  cents  per  ounce. 

For  refining  coppery  gold,  already  ductile,  in  order  to  return  stamped  bars,  5  cents  per 
ounce. 

For  separating  gold  from  silver  when  the  mixture  is  free  from  copper,  according  to  propor 
tion  of  gold,  from  H  cents  to  5  cents  per  ounce.  When  the  alloy  is  partly  copper,  if  over  fifty 
thousandths  copper,  from  1  cent  to  3|  cents  additional. 

For  melting  gold,  nearly  fine,  and  returning  the  same  in  stamped  bars,  6  cents  per  hundred 
dollars. 

For  making  standard  bars,  of  gold  or  silver,  50  cents  per  hundred  dollars. 

For  melting  silver  after  parting,  in  order  to  return  fine  stamped  bars,  £  cent  per  ounce,  fine. 

On  partable  gold  or  silver  intended  for  fine  bars,  there  are  two  charges ;  for  parting,  and  for 
making  bars. 

Deposits.  The  deposits  of  bullion  at  the  Mint  and  branches  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1668,  were  as  follows:  Gold,  $25,472,894.82;  silver,  $1,693,423.88;  total  deposits,  $27,- 
166,318.70 ;  deducting  re-deposits,  the  amount  will  be  $24,591,325.84. 

Coinage.  The  coinage  for  the  same  period  was  as  follows:  Gold  coin,  pieces,  976,539; 
value,  $18,114,425;  unparted  and  fine  gold  bars,  $6,026,810.06;  silver  coin,  pieces,  3,321,067; 
value,  $1,136,750 ;  silver  bars,  $458,236.48 ;  nickel,  copper  and  bronze  coinage,  pieces,  45,438,- 
000;  value,  $1,713,385.  Total  number  of  pieces  struck,  49,735,840.  Total  value  of  coinage, 
$27,447,606.54. 

Bullion.  The  distribution  of  the  bullion  received  at  the  mint  and  branches,  was  as  follows : 
At  Philadelphia,  gold  deposited,  $4,043,048.63;  gold  coined,  $3,864,425;  fine  gold  bars,  $98,848.03; 
silver  deposits  and  purchases,  $342,635.72;  silver  coined,  $314,750 ;  silver  bars,  $6,729.94 ;  nickel, 
copper  and  bronze  coinage,  value,  $1,713,385.  Total  deposits  of  gold  and  silver,  $4,385,684.35. 
Total  coinage,  $5,892,560. 

At  the  Branch  Mint,  San  Francisco,  the  gold  deposits  were,  $14,979,558.52 ;  gold  coined,  $14,- 
250,000  ;  silver  deposits  and  purchases,  $713,867.66 ;  silver  coined,  $822,000.  Total  deposits  and 
purchases,  $15,693,426.18.  Total  coinage,  $15,073,000. 

The  Assay  Office  in  New  York  received  during  the  year  in  gold  bullion,  $6,092,352.56;  silver 
bullion,  including  purchases,  $631,837.83;  number  of  fine  gold  bars  stamped,  4,084;  value, 
$5,567,082.77 ;  silver  bars,  3,992 ;  value,  $449,506.54.  Total,  $6,016,589.31. 

At  the  Branch  Mint,  Denver,  Colorado,  the  deposits  for  unparted  bars  were :  Gold,  $357,- 
935.11 ;  silver,  $5,082.67.  Total,  $363,017.78.  TUp  deposits  at  this  institution  during  the  pre 
ceding  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $139,559.70. 


220 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


Statement  of  coinage  at  the  Mint  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Branch  Mint,  California,  for 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1868 : 


DENOMINATION. 

MINT  U.   S.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

BRANCH  MINT,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 

GOLD. 

Pieces. 

Value. 

Pieces. 

Value. 

Double  Eagles  

Eagles  . 

188,540 
3,050 
5,750 
4,900 
3,650 
10,550 
151 

$3,770,800.00 
30,500.00 
28,750.00 
14,700.00 
9,12o.OO 
10.550.00 
98,848.03 

696,750 
12.500 
25,000 

26,000 

$13,935.000.00 
125,000.00 
125,000.00 

65,000.00 

Half  Eagles  

Three  Dollars  
Quarter  Eagles 

Dollars  

Fine  Bars  
Total  Gold  

216,591 

$3,963,273.03 

760,250 

$14,250.000.00 

DENOMINATION. 

MINT  U.   S.,  PHILADELPHIA. 

BRANCH  MINT,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 

SILVER. 

Pieces. 

Value. 

Pieces. 

Value. 

Dollars  .  .       .  .             ... 

54.800 
411.500 
29,900 
423,150 
85,800 
4,000 
83 

$54,800.00 
205,750.00 
7,475.00 
42,315.00 
4,290.00 
120.00 
6,729.94 

1,482,000 
120,000 
310,000 
400,000 

$741.000.00 
30,000.00 
31,000.00 
20,000.00 

Half  Dollars 

Quarter  Dollars 

Dimes  

Half  Dimes 

Three  Cent  Pieces  
Bars                   

Total  Silver  

1,009,233 

$321,479.94 

2,312,000 

$822,000.00 

COPPER.  Pieces.  Value. 

Five  Cent  Pieces. . .  28.902,000 $1,445,100.00 

Three  Cent  Pieces 3,613,000 108.390.00 

Two  Cent  Pieces 3,066,500 61,330.00 

One  Cent  Pieces 9,856,500 98,565.00 


Total  Copper 45,438,000 $1 ,713,385.00 

There  was  also  stamped  at  the  Assay  Office,  New  York:  Gold  in  fine  bars,   $5,567,082.77; 
Silver  in  bars,  $449,506.54 ;  and  at  Branch  Mint,  Denver,  $360,879.26. 

Pieces.  Value. 

Total  Coinage 49,735,840 $27,447,606.54 

Statement  of  Gold  and  Silver  of  domestic  production  deposited  at  the  Mint  and  its  branches 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1867: 

GOLD. 


Alabama  . 
Arizona  . . 
California 
Colorado  . 
Georgia  . . 
Idaho. 


$  437.30 

23,896.15 
13,350,722.00 
980,857.83 
28,758.20 
2,392,595.77 

Montana 6,595,419.95 

Nevada 48,677.09 

New  Mexico 15,357.08 


North  Carolina 

Oregon 

South  Carolina 

Utah 

Virginia 

Mint  Bars 

Parted  from  Silver 

Refined  Gold  or  Fine  Bars 


.$       (56,305.02 

,     1,020,469.76 

1,200.54 

4,327.11 

10,205.90 

111,168.80 

450,089.54 

.     5,715.260.40 


Total  Gold $30,805,748.54 


SILVER. 


Arizona $  3.212.26 

California 310.25 

Colorado 543.78 

Idaho 160.269.24 

Lake  Superior 18,555.35 


Montana $  19,095.48 

Nevada 579,931.76 

Oregon 183.68 

Bars 10,709.00 

Parted  from  Gold 263,869.59 


Total  Silver $1,056,680.39 


Total  Gold  and  Silver  of  Domestic  Production $31,862,428.93 


1869.] 


UNITED  STATES  MINT. 


221 


The  entire  deposits  of  domestic  gold  at  the  United  States  Mint  and  branches,  to  June  80, 
1868,  were  from — 

Alabama,  $202,325.26 ;  Arizona.  $183,699.31 ;  California,  $604,680,605.09 ;  Colorado,  $14,463,272.- 
19;  Dakota,  $7,958.88;  Georgia,  $7.053,004.63;  Idaho,  $14,162.970.07;  Montana,  $17,208,753.18; 
Nebraska,  $5,876.08;  Nevada,  $210,539.93;  New  Mexico,  $122,759.98;  North  Carolina,  $9,434,- 
839.31;  Oregon,  $9,552,102.69 ;  South  Carolina,  $1,356,471.44;  Tennessee,  $81,680.39 ;  Utah,  $87,- 
669.55;  Vermont,  $1,512.66 ;  Virginia,  $1,591,594.11 ;  Washington,  $61,260.49;  Parted  from  Silver, 
$3,808,844.51 ;  other  sources,  $20,369,175.40.  Total,  $704,646,915.15. 

FOREIGN  GOLD  AND  SILVER  COINS. 
Prepared  T)y  the  Director  of  the  Mint  at  Philadelphia. 

In  the  third  column  the  weight  is  given  in  fractions  of  a  Troy  ounce,  carried  to  thousandths, 
and  in  a  few  cases  to  ten  thousandths  of  an  ounce.  The  fifth  column  expresses  the  value  of  the 
coins  as  compared  with  our  gold  coin.  At  the  mint  there  is  a  uniform  deduction  of  one  half  of 
one  per  cent,  on  the  gold  coin.  The  value  of  silver  depends  on  the  condition  of  demand  and  sup 
ply  ;  the  values  given  are  calculated  at  122i  cents  per  ounce  for  standard  silver,  the  price  in  1868. 

GOLD  COINS. 


COUNTRY. 

DENOMINATIONS. 

Weight. 

Fineness. 

Value. 

Pound  of  1852 

Oz.    Deo. 

0281 

Thous. 

916  5 

$5  32  4 

Sovereign  of  1855-60  

02565 

916 

4'85'7 

Austria 

Ducat..       .     . 

0  112 

986 

228  3 

So'iverei<Tn 

0  363 

900 

6  75  4 

u 

New  Union  Crown,  (assumed).. 

0357 

900 

6  (542 

Belgium 

25  Francs 

0254 

899 

4  72  0 

Doubloon 

0  867 

870 

15  59  3 

Brazil 

Twenty  Milreis  

0575 

9175 

10  90  6 

Central  America 

Two  Escudos 

0209 

853  5 

3  68  8 

Four  Reals  

0027 

875 

0488 

Chili              .   .   . 

Old  Doubloon  ....            

0867 

870 

15  59  3 

Ten  Pesos 

0492 

900 

9  15  4 

Denmark  

Ten  Thaler  

0427 

895 

7900 

Ecuador 

Four  Escudos 

0  433 

844 

7  55  5 

England  

Pound  or  Sovereign,  new  

0256.7 

9165 

4.863 

kk                 "          average  ... 

02562 

916 

485  1 

France 

Twenty  Francs,  new 

0  207  5 

899 

3  85  8 

"•            u       average  

0.207 

899 

3  847 

Germany,  North  

Ten  Thaler 

0427 

895 

7900 

•*         "      Prussian  

0.427 

903 

7.97.1 

41                                14 

Krone,  (Crown)  

0357 

900 

6642 

"         South  

Ducat  .  .  . 

0112 

986 

228  2 

Greece 

Twenty  Drachms 

0  185 

900 

3"  44  2 

Hindostan  

Mohur  .     . 

0374 

916 

7.082 

Italy 

Twenty  Lire 

0207 

898 

3  84  3 

Japan 

Old  Coban"- 

0  3(52 

568 

4  44  0 

0289 

572 

3576 

Mexico 

Doubloon,  average 

0  867  5 

866 

15530 

"          new  .   .. 

0.867  5 

8705 

15.61.1 

Naples 

Twenty  Pesos,  (Maximilian)  
Six  Ducati   new 

1.086 
0  245 

875 
996 

19.64.3 
5044 

Netherlands 

Ten  Guilders 

0  215 

899 

3  99  1 

New  Granada  

Old  Doubloon,  Bogota 

0868 

870 

15  61  1 

ii           u 

"           "          Popayan  
Ten  Pe^os 

0.867 
0  525 

858 
891  5 

15.37.8 
9  67  5 

Peru  

Old  Doubloon 

0  867 

868 

15557 

Twenty  Soles 

1  055 

898 

19  21  3 

Portugal 

Gold  Crown 

0  308 

912 

5  80  7 

Prussia  

New  Union  Crown,  (assumed) 

0357 

900 

6.64.2 

Rome    

2J  Scudi  new 

0  140 

900 

2.60.5 

Russia          

Five  Roubles 

0  210 

916 

3  97  6 

Spain  

100  Reals  .. 

0  268 

896 

4.96.4 

80       '"     .   . 

0  215 

8695 

3.86.4 

Sweden            

Ducat  . 

0  111 

875 

2.23.7 

Tunis                  ... 

25  Piastres 

0  161 

900 

299.5 

Turkey        

100      "       

0  231 

915 

4.36.9 

Tuscany  

Seguin  

0.112 

999 

2.31.3 

222 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

SILVER  COINS. 


[1869. 


COUNTRY. 

DENOMINATIONS. 

Weight. 

Fineness. 

Value. 

Austria  

Old  Rix  Dollar 

Oi.    Dec. 

0.902 

Thous. 

833 

$1.02.3 

Old  Scudo 

0.836 

902 

1  026 

Florin  before  1858 

0451 

833 

51  1 

New  Florin 

0.397 

900 

48.6 

New  Union  Dollar 

0.596 

900 

731 

Maria  Theresa  Dollar,  1780  

0.895 

838 

1.02.1 

Belgium  

Five  Francs 

0.803 

897 

98.0 

Bolivia  

New  Dollar  
Half  Dollar                         

0.643 
0.432 

903.5 
667 

79.1 
39.2 

Brazil                 .   . 

Double  Milreis 

0.820 

918.5 

1.02.5 

Canada 

0  150 

925 

189 

Central  America  

Dollar 

0.866 

850 

1.00.2 

Chili  . 

Old  Dollar 

0.864 

908 

1.06.8 

New  Dollar                  

0.801 

900.5 

98.2 

Denmark  

Two  Rigsdaler                         

0.927 

877 

1.10.7 

England  

Shilling,  new  

0.182.5 

924.5 

23.0 

Shilling  average          

0.178 

925 

22.4 

Prance 

Five  Franc  average 

0.800 

900 

98.0 

Germany,  North    

Thaler  before  1857  
New  Thaler 

0.712 
0.595 

750 
900 

72.7 
72.9 

"          South 

Florin  before  1857 

0340 

900 

41.7 

New  Florin,  (assumed)  

0.340 

900 

41.7 

Greece 

Five  Drachms 

0.719 

900 

83.1 

Hindostan 

0374 

916 

466 

Japan        

Itzebu                              .   . 

0.279 

991 

37.6 

Mexico  

New  Itzebu    
Dollar,  new  
Dollar  average 

0.279 

0.867.5 
0.866 

890 
903 
901 

33.8 
1.06.6 
1.06.2 

it 

Peso  of  Maximilian 

0861 

902.5 

1.05.5 

Naples       

Scudo                          .   . 

0.844 

830 

95.3 

Netherlands 

2$  Guilders 

0804 

944 

1.03.3 

Norway  

Specie  Daler  

0.927 

877 

1.10.7 

New  Grenada  

Dollar  of  1857 

0.803 

896 

98.0 

Peru 

Old  Dollar 

0866 

901 

1.06.2 

Dollar  of  1858    . 

0.766 

909 

94.8 

n 

Half  Dollar  1835  and  1838  ' 

0433 

650 

38.3 

u 

Sol  

0.802 

900 

98.2 

Prussia    . 

Thaler  before  1857 

0.712 

750 

72.7 

New  Thaler  

0.595 

900 

72.9 

Rome   

Scudo  

0.864 

900 

1.05.8 

Russia 

Rouble 

0.667 

875 

79.4 

Sardinia  

Five  Lire  

0.800 

900 

98.0 

Spain      

New  Pistareen 

0.166 

899 

20.3 

Sweden 

Rix  Dollar 

1  092 

750 

1.11.5 

Switzerland  

Two  Francs  .  .          

0.323 

899 

39.5 

Tunis 

Five  Piastres 

0.511 

898.5 

62.5 

Turkey 

Twenty  u 

0  770 

830 

87.0 

Tuscany  

Florin  

0.220 

925 

27.6 

COINS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


GOLD. 

Name.  Weight.  Value. 

Double  Eagle 516   gr $20 

Eagle 258   gr 10 

Half  Eagle 129   gr 5 

64£  gr 2.50 

25  4-5  gr 1 


Quarter  Eagle  — 
Dollar . . . 


SILVER. 
Name.  Weight. 

Dollar 412|  gr.... 

Half  Dollar 206*  gr.... 

Quarter  Dollar 103J-  gr . . . . 

Dime 4H  gr 

Half  Dime 20f  gr.... 

Three  Cent  Piece 12f  gr. . . . 

COPPER  AND  NICKEL. 

Weight.  Value.  Name.  Weight. 

.77.16  gr $  .05        Two  Cent  Piece 96  gr $  .02 

.30.     gr 03       Cent 48  gr 01 

The  standard  of  both  gold  and  silver  coins  is,  nine  hundred  parts  of  pure  metal  and  one  hun 
dred  parts  of  alloy  by  weight,  the  alloy  of  the  silver  coins  to  be  copper,  and  of  the  gold,  copper 
and  silver,  the  silver  not  exceeding  one  half  the  whole  alloy.  The  five  and  three  cent  pieces 
are  composed  of  copper  and  nickel,  the  nickel  not  exceeding  25  per  cent.  The  two  cent  piece 
and  cent  are  composed  of  95  per  cent,  copper  and  5  per  cent,  tin  and  zinc. 


Name. 

Five  Cent  Piece 
Three  Cent  Piece 


Value. 


Value. 


1869.]  NATIONAL  SOCIETIES.  223 

NATIONAL,  SOCIETIES. 

American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  12  Bedford  St.  Boston ;  Secretary,  Jos.  G.  WARREN,  D.D. 

American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society,  39  Park  Row,  New  York ;  Secretary,  J.  S. 
BACKUS,  D.  D. 

American  Bible  Society,  Bible  House,  Astor  Place,  New  York ;  Secretary,  JOSEPH  HOLDICH, 
D.D.  Next  meeting  2d  Thursday  in  May,  1869. 

American  Bible  Union,  350  Broome  St.,  New  York;  Secretary,  WILLIAM  H.  WYCHOFP,  LL.D. 

American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  116  Nassau  St.,  New  York;  Secretary,  EUFUS  BAB- 
COCK,  D.  D. 

American  Board  for  Foreign  Missions,  Mission  House,  33  Pemberton  St.,  Boston ;  Secretary, 
SELAH  B.  TREAT,  D.  D.  Next  meeting  1st  Tuesday  in  Oct.,  1869. 

American  Colonization  Society,  Washington  ;  Secretary,  Rev.  R.  R.  GURLEY.  Next  meeting 
3d  Tuesday  in  January,  1869. 

American  Congregational  Union,  49  Bible  House,  New  York ;  President,  LEONARD  BACON, 
D.  D. ;  Cor.  Secretaries,  RAY  PALMER,  D.  D.,  N.  Y. ;  Rev.  CHRISTOPHER  GUSHING,  Boston. 

American  Dental  Association;  President,  JONATHAN  TAFT;  Secretary,  JAMES  MCMANUS. 
Next  meeting,  1st  Tuesday  in  August,  1869,  at  Saratoga  Springs. 

American  Education  Society,  15  Cornhill,  Boston ;  President,  Rev.  SETH  SWEETSER,  D.  D. ; 
Secretary,  Rev.  INCREASE  N.  TARBOX.  Next  annual  meeting,  Monday,  May  24,  1869. 

American  Female  Guardian  Society,  29  East  29th  St.,  New  York. 

American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union,  27  Bible  House,  New  York;  Secretary,  Rev.  JOSEPH 
SCUDDER.  Next  meeting  Tuesday  preceding  2d  Thursday  in  May,  1869. 

American  Free  Trade  League  ;  Chairman,  DAVID  DUDLEY  FIELD,  Esq.  Meetings  monthly 
in  New  York. 

American  Geographical  and  Statistical  Society,  Cooper  Institute,  New  York ;  Chairman  of 
the  Council,  Hon.  F.  A.  CONKLING  ;  Secretary,  E.  R.  STRAZNICKY. 

American  Home  Missionary  Society,  Bible  House,  Astor  Place,  New  York  ;  President,  THEO 
DORE  D.  WOOLSEY,  D.  D. ;  Secretary,  MILTON  BADGER,  D.  D.  Next  meeting  Wednesday  pre 
ceding  2d  Thursday  in  May,  1869,  in  N.  Y. 

American  Institute,  New  York ;  founded  in  1829,  for  the  advancement  of  American  Industry 
and  Useful  Arts,  by  Annual  Exhibitions,  Lectures,  &c.,  &c. ;  holds  weekly  meetings  of  its 
Polytechnic  and  Farmers'  Clubs.  President,  HORACE  GREELEY  ;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
SAMUEL  D.  TILLMAN.  Annual  meeting,  1st  Thursday  in  February ;  annual  election,  2d  Thurs 
day  in  February.  Location,  (temporary),  in  Cooper  Institute  building. 

American  Institute  of  Instruction ;  President,  JOHN  KNEELAND,  Boston ;  Secretary,  D.  W. 
JONES,  Boston.  Last  annual  meeting  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  Aug.  1868. 

American  Medical  Convention ;  President,  Dr.  WILLIAM  O.  BALDWIN,  of  Alabama.  Next 
meeting  in  New  Orleans,  May,  1869. 

American  Missionary  Association,  53  John  St.,  New  York :  President,  E.  W.  KIRK,  D.  D. ; 
Secretary,  Rev.  GEORGE  WHIPPLE.  Last  meeting  at  Springfield,  Oct.  28, 1868. 

American  Sunday  School  Union,  1122  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia;  Secretary,  AUSTIN  ALLI- 
BONE,  Esq. 

American  Seamen's  Friend  Society,  80  Wall  St.,  New  York;  President,  WILLIAM  A.  BOOTH; 
Secretary,  II.  LOOMIS,  D.  D.  Next  meeting  Monday  preceding  2d  Thursday  in  May. 

American  Social  Science  Association ;  President,  SAMUEL  ELLIOTT,  Boston ;  Secretary,  Mrs. 
SAJIUEL  PARKMAN.  Last  meeting  at  Boston,  Oct.  14, 1868. 

American  Society  for  Meliorating  the  condition  of  the  Jews,  23  Bible  House,  New  York ; 
Secretary,  A.  MERWIN. 

American  Tract  Society,  150  Nassau  St.,  New  York ;  Secretary,  WILLIAM  A.  HALLECK,  D.  D. 
Next  meeting  Wednesday  preceding  2d  Thursday  in  May,  1869. 

American  Tract  Society  at  Boston,  28  Cornhill ;  Secretary,  W.  C.  CHILDS,  D.  D.  Next  meet 
ing  last  Wednesday  in  May,  at  Boston. 

African  M.  E.  General  Conference ;  Last  meeting  in  May,  at  Washington. 

Association  of  National  Board  of  Trade;  President,  E.  W.  Fox  of  St.  Louis;  Secretary,  H. 
A.  HILL,  Boston.  Next  meeting  at  St.  Louis,  Feb.  19, 1869. 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  Presbyterian  Church,  23  Centre  St.,  New  York;  Secretary,  Rev. 
JOHN  C.  LOWRIE. 

Domestic  Mission  German  Reform  Church,  493  North  4th  St.,  Philadelphia ;  President,  J.  H. 
A.  BOMBERGER,  D.  D. ;  Secretary,  Rev.  S.  H.  GIESY. 

Diocesan  Synod  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church;  last  session  in  New  York,  Sept.  29,  1868, 
Archbishop  MCCLOSKEY  presiding. 


224  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

Foreign  Mission  Reform  Presbyterian  Church,  636  North  17th  St.,  Philadelphia;  Rev.  S.  O. 
WYLIE,  Chairman. 

General  Convention  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.    Next  meeting  1st  Wednesday  in  Oct.,  1869. 

General  Assembly  Presbyterian  Church.    Next  meeting  3d  Thursday  in  May,  1869. 

General  Conference  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  quadrennially  in  May.  Last  meeting  in 
Chicago,  May,  1868. 

General  Synod  Reformed  Dutch  Church.    Next  meeting  1st  Wednesday  in  June. 

General  Synod  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church.  Next  meeting  at  Cincinnati,  2d  Thursday  in 
May,  1869.  General  Lutheran  Societies  at  the  same  time  and  place. 

Hicksite  Division  of  the  Society  of  Friends  ;  last  annual  meeting  at  New  York,  May  1868. 

Intel-national  Labor  Congress ;  President,  WILLIAM  H.  SYLVIS,  Philadelphia ;  Secretary, 
JOHN  VINCENT,  New  York.  Annual  meeting  1st  Monday  in  Oct. 

Intel-national  Commercial  Convention.    Last  meeting  at  Portland,  Maine,  Aug.  5,  1868. 

Liberal  Christian  Union ;  President,  Rev.  A.  P.  PUTNAM  ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  WILLIAM 
MELLEX  ;  last  meeting,  May  6,  1868,  at  New  York. 

Missionary  Board  of  the  M.  E.  Church  South  ;  last  meeting  at  Louisville,  Ivy.,  Bishop  PIERCE 
presiding,  May  7,  1868 ;  next  meeting  in  St.  Louis. 

Manufacturers1  National  Convention. 

Missionary  Society  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  35  Union  Place,  New  York ;  President,  Rev.  Bishop 
MOKRIS;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Rev.  JOKX  P.  DITRBIN. 

National  Temperance  Society,  172  William  St.,  New  York,  incorporated  Jan.  1,  1866;  Presi 
dent,  WILLIAM  E.  DODGE  ;  Secretary,  Rev.  J.  B.  DUNN  ;  next  annual  meeting,  first  Wednesday 
in  May,  1869. 

National  Division  of  Sona  of  Temperance ;  M.  W.  P.,  ROBERT  M.  FOUST  ;  M.  W.  Scribe,  SAM'L 
W.  HODGES  ;  next  meeting  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  June  9, 1869. 

National  Christian  Convention;  President,  Bishop  DAVID  EDWARDS,  of  Ohio;  Secretary,  Rev. 
A.  A.  PHELPS,  A.  M. ;  next  annual  meeting  at  Oberlin,  Ohio. 

National  Christian  Convention  ;  President,  Rev.  Dr.  HOWARD  CROSBY;  Secretary,  J.  B.  TYLER 
of  New  York ;  last  meeting  at  New  York,  Nov.  11, 1868. 

National  Association  of  Cotton  Manufacturers  and  Planters ;  President,  A.  A.  LAAVRENCE 
of  Boston ;  last  meeting  in  Boston,  June  10,  1868. 

National  Institute  of  Letters,  Arts  and  Sciences;  President,  WM.  CULLEN  BRYANT,  New 
York;  Secretary,  CHAS.  A.  JOY,  New  York  ;  last  meeting  at  New  York,  June  11,  1868. 

National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters;  President,  JAS.  M.  MCLEAN;  Secretary,  W.  CONNOR; 
next  meeting,  third  Wednesday  in  April,  1869. 

North  American  Saengerbund ;  last  festival  at  Chicago,  June  17,  1868. 

Protestant  Episcopal  Convention;  last  meeting  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  May  28,  1808. 

Presbyterian  General  Assembly  South ;  next  meeting  at  Mobile,  Alabama,  third  Thursday 
in  May,  1869. 

Presbyterian  Assembly,  Old  School ;  last  meeting  at  Albany,  May,  1868. 

Presbyterian  Assembly,  New  School ;  last  meeting  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  May,  1S68. 

Right  Worthy  Grand  Lodge  of  Good  Templars;  Templar,  Mr.  ORME  of  Massachusetts;  Sec 
retary,  Mr.  SPENCER  of  Ohio  ;  last  meeting  at  Richmond,  Ind.,  May  26,  1868. 

Seamen's  Protective  Union;  Mr.  ALLEN,  Chairman;  last  meeting  held  in  New  York,  March 
19,  1868. 

Turners1  National  Convention  ;  President,  FRANZ  LACKNER  of  Chicago  ;  Secretary,  HENRY 
HUIIN  of  Washington  ;  last  meeting,  May  3,  1868,  at  Boston. 

The  Schutzenfest ;  last  meeting  at  New  York,  June  29— July  7,  1868. 

Western  Social  Science  Association ;  Chairman,  Hon.  SHARON  TYNDALE  ;  last  meeting  at 
Chicago,  Nov.  10,  1868. 

Working  Women's  Association  ;  organized  Sept.  17, 1865 ;  President,  Mrs.  ANNA  TOBITT  ; 
Secretary,  ELIZABETH  C.  BROWNE. 

Working  Woman's  Protective  Union,  44  Franklin  St.,  New  York;  President,  CHARLES  P. 
P.  DALY  ;  Secretary,  WM.  B.  CROSBY. 

Woolen  Manufacturer's  Association  of  the  North- West;  President,  GEORGE  S.  BOWEN;  Sec 
retary,  JESSE  MCALLISTER;  next  meeting,  first  Wednesday  in  February,  1869. 

Working  Women's  National  Association,  New  York ;  President,  Miss  SUSAN  B.  ANTHONY, 
Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  CELIA  BURLEIGII. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association  International  Convention ;  President,  H.  THANE  MILLER, 
Cincinnati ;  Secretary,  F.  H.  SMITH,  Washington  ;  Thirteenth  annual  meeting  at  Detroit,  June 
24,  1868. 


1869.]  PROCEEDINGS  OF  CONGRESS.  225 

PROCEEDINGS  OP  CONGRESS. 

The  first  session  of  the  fortieth  Congress  was  much  occupied  with  ques 
tions  growing  out  of  the  relations  of  the  government  to  the  Southern  states, 
and  these  or  similar  questions  again  came  up  for  consideration  and  action  at 
the  session  which  commenced  December  2,  1867.  The  bill  conferring  addi 
tional  civil  rights  on  the  negro  in  the  District  of  Columbia  which  passed  both 
Houses  in  July,  1867,  but  failed  to  receive  the  approval  of  the  President,  was 
passed  in  the  Senate  on  the  5th  and  in  the  House  on  the  9th  of  December, 
by  large  majorities  in  each  branch. 

A  bill  abolishing  the  internal  revenue  tax  on  cotton,  and  another  suspend 
ing  the  further  contraction  of  the  currency,  passed  the  House,  the  first  on 
the  4th  and  the  last  on  the  7th  of  December;  both  afterwards  passed  the 
Senate, 

Various  subjects  of  general  or  local  interest  were  introduced,  but  the 
questions  which  awakened  the  deepest  interest  in  the  country  and  received 
the  greatest  attention  during  the  session,  were  those  relating  to  the  Impeach 
ment  of  the  President,  Reconstruction  of  the  Southern  States,  and  the 
Finances. 

IMPEACHMENT  TRIAL. 

The  subject  of  the  impeachment  of  the  President  had  been  agitated  at 
different  times  during  1867.  On  the  7th  of  January,  Mr.  Ashley  of  Ohio,  in 
the  House  of  Representatives,  introduced  the  following  proposition : 

"I  do  impeach  Andrew  Johnson,  Vice-President  and  acting  President  of  the  United  States, 
of  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

'I  charge  him  with  a  usurpation  of  power  and  violation  of  law: 

'  In  that  he  has  corruptly  used  the  appointing  power ; 

'  In  that  he  has  corruptly  used  the  pardoning  power ; 

'  In  that  he  has  corruptly  used  the  veto  power ; 

'In  that  he  has  corruptly  disposed  of  public  property  of  the  United  States ; 

'In  that  he  has  corruptly  interfered  in  elections,  and  committed  acts  which,  in  contemplation 
of  the  Constitution,  are  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors :  Therefore, 

"Be  it  resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary  he,  and  they  are  hereby,  authorized  to 
inquire  huo  the  official  conduct  of  Andrew  Johnson,  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  dis 
charging  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  to  report  to 
this  House  whether,  in  their  opinion,  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  while  in  said  office,  has  been 
guilty  of  acts  which  are  designed  or  calculated  to  overthrow,  subvert  or  corrupt  the  Govern 
ment  of  the  United  States,  or  any  department  or  office  thereof;  and  whether  the  said  Andrew 
Johnson  has  been  guilty  of  any  act,  or  has  conspired  with  others  to  do  acts,  which,  in  contem 
plation  of  the  Constitution,  are  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors,  requiring  the  interposition  of 
the  constitutional  power  of  this  House  ;  and  that  said  committee  have  power  to  send  for  per 
sons  and  papers,  and  to  administer  the  customary  oath  to  witnesses." 

This  resolution  was  adopted,  by  a  vote  of  107  to  38. 

The  Judiciary  Committee  reported  to  the  House  on  the  2d  of  March,  that 
it  had  not  concluded  the  investigation,  but  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  ma 
jority  (eight  to  one)  "  sufficient  testimony  had  been  brought  to  the  notice 
of  the  committee  to  justify  and  demand  a  further  prosecution  of  the  inves 
tigation."  This  report  was  signed  by  Messrs.  James  F.  Wilson,  Francis 
Thomas,  D.  Morris,  F.  E.  Woodbridge,  Geo.  S.  Boutwell,  Thomas  Williams, 
Burton  C.  Cook,  and  William  Lawrence.  Mr.  A.  J.  Rogers  presented  a 
minority  report,  in  which  he  stated  that  there  was  no  "  evidence  to  sustain 
15 


226  TnE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

any  of  the  charges  which  the  House  charged  the  committee  to  investigate," 
and  that  he  could  see  "  no  good  in  a  continuation  of  the  investigation." 
The  reports  were  laid  on  the  table,  and  ordered  to  "be  printed.  The  thirty- 
ninth  Congress  closed  its  session  on  the  4th  of  March,  and  the  fortieth  Con 
gress  commenced  the  same  day. 

On  the  7th  of  March,  the  Judiciary  Committee  were  instructed  to  continue 
the  investigation,  which  it  did,  and  on  the  25th  of  November,  again  re 
ported  ;  the  majority,  Messrs.  Boutwell,  Thomas,  Williams,  Lawrence,  and 
Churchill  in  favor  of  impeachment,  the  other  members  in  two  separate  mi 
nority  reports,  opposed  thereto.  Debate  on  these  reports  began  in  the  House 
on  the  5th  of  December,  and  was  continued  until  the  7th,  when  the  impeach 
ment  resolution  was  lost  by  a  vote  of  57  to  108. 

On  the  10th  of  February,  1868,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Thaddeus  Stevens,  the 
evidence  taken  on  impeachment  by  the  committee  on  the  Judiciary,  was  re 
ferred  to  the  Committee  on  Reconstruction,  and  the  committee  had  leave  to 
report  at  any  time.  Feb.  21,  the  subject  was  again  introduced,  when  Mr. 
Covode  of  Pennsylvania  offered  the  following  resolution : 

Resolved,  That  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  be  impeached  of  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

This  resolution  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Reconstruction,  together 
with  the  following  coHnnunications,  which  had  been  laid  before  the  House 
by  the  speaker : 

WAR  DEPARTMENT,  \ 

WASHINGTON  CITY,  Feb.  -21, 1868.  ) 

SIR,— Gen.  Thomas  has  just  delivered  to  me  a  copy  of  the  inclosed  order,  which  you  will 
please  communicate  to  the  House  of  Representatives.  Your  obedient  servant, 

EDWIN  M.  STANTON,  Secretary  of  War. 
To  the  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  i 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  Feb.  21, 1868.  f 

SIR, — By  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority  vested  in  me  as  President  by  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  the  United  States,  you  are  hereby  removed  from  office  as  Secretary  of  War,  and  your 
functions  as  such  will  terminate  upon  receipt  of  this  communication. 

You  will  transfer  to  Brevet  Major-Gen.  Lorenzo  Thomas,  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army,  who 
has  this  day  been  authorized  to  act  as  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim,  all  records,  books,  papers, 
and  other  public  property  now  in  your  custody  and  charge.  Respectfully  yours, 

ANDREW  JOHNSON,  President. 

To  the  Hon.  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  same  day  a  resolution  from  the  Senate  relating  to  the  removal  of  Mr. 
Stanton.  was  delivered  to  the  President.  It  read  as  follows : 

IN  EXECUTIVE  SESSION,  ) 

SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  Feb.  21, 1868.  f 

WHEREAS,  The  Senate  have  read  and  considered  the  communication  of  the  President,  stating 
that  he  had  removed  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War.  and  had  designated  the  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  Army  to  act  as  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim  ;  therefore, 
Resolved,  By  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  that  under  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the 

United  States  the  President  has  no  power  to  remove  the  Secretary  of  War  and  designate  any 

other  officer  to  perform  the  duties  of  that  officer  ad  interim. 

Feb.  22,  the  Committee  on  Reconstruction,  through  their  chairman,  Mr. 
Stevens,  made  a  report,  in  which,  after  alluding  to  the  matters  referred  to 
the  committee,  they  say : 


1869.]  IMPEACHMENT  TRIAL.  227 

Upon  the  evidence  collected  by  the  committee,  which  is  hereafter  presented,  and  in  virtue  of 
the  powers  with  which  they  have  been  invested  by  the  House,  they  are  of  the  opinion  that 
Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  be  impeached  of  high  crimes  and  misde 
meanors.  They,  therefore,  recommend  to  the  House  the  adoption  of  the  accompanying  reso 
lution  : 

THADDEUS  STEVENS,  GEORGE   S.  BOUTWELL,  JOHN  A.  BINGHAM, 

F.  C.  BBAMAN,  C.  T.  HULBURD,  JOHN  F.  FARNSWORTH, 

H.  E.  PAINE. 

Resolved,  That  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  be  impeached  of  high 
crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

The  report  was  discussed  in  the  House,  February  22,  until  11  P.  M.,  and 
resumed  on  Monday,  the  24th,  when,  at  the  close  of  the  discussion,  the  reso 
lution  was  adopted — yeas,  128,  nays,  47. 

Messrs.  Thaddeus  Stevens  and  John  A.  Bingham  were  appointed  to  notify 
the  Senate,  and  another  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Boutwell,  Thad 
deus  Stevens,  Bingham,  James  F.  Wilson,  Logan,  Julian,  and  Ward,  was 
also  appointed  to  prepare  and  report  Articles  of  Impeachment.  On  the  fol 
lowing  day,  February  25,  Messrs.  Stevens  and  Bingham  appeared  at  the  bar 
of  the  Senate  and  delivered  the  following  message : 

"Mr.  PRESIDENT,— By  order  of  tlie  House  of  Representative,  we  appear  at  the  bar  of  the  Senate, 
and  in  the  na?m  of  the  House  of  Representatives  and  of  all  the  people  of  the  United  States,  we  do 
impeach  Andrew  .Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  of  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors  in 
office  ;  and  we  further  inform  the  Senate  that  the  House  of  Representatives  will  in  due  time  exhibit 
particular  articles  of  impeachment  against  him,  and  make  good  the  same  ;  and  in  their  name  we 
demand  that  the  Senate  take  due  order  for  the  appearance  of  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  to  answer 
to  the  said  Impeachment" 

The  message  was  referred  by  the  Senate  to  a  select  committee,  and  the 
chair  appointed  Messrs.  Howard,  Trumbull,  Conkling,  Edmunds,  Morton, 
Pomeroy  and  Johnson.  This  committee  reported  rules  to  govern  the  Senate 
in  the  impeachment  trial,  which  were  adopted  March  2.  The  House  of 
Representatives,  on  the  same  day,  adopted  Articles  of  Impeachment. 


Articles  exhibited  by  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States,  in  the  name 
and  all  the  people  of  the  United  States,  against  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States, 
in  maintenance  and  support  of  tlieir  impeachment  against  him  for  high  crimes  and  misdemean 
ors  in  office. 

ARTICLE  I.  That  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  21st  day 
of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1868,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  unmind 
ful  of  the  high  duties  of  his  office,  of  his  oath  of  office,  antj  of  the  requirements  of  the  Consti 
tution  that  he  should  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  did  unlawfully,  and  in  vio 
lation  of  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  issue  an  order  in  writing  for  the  re 
moval  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  the  office  of  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  said  Edwin 
M.  Stanton  having  been  theretofore  duly  appointed  and  commissioned,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  as  such  Secretary,  and  said  Andrew  Johnson, 
President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  12th  day  of  August,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1867,  and 
during  the  recess  of  said  Senate,  having  suspended  by  his  order  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  said 
office,  and  within  twenty  days  after  the  first  day  of  the  next  meeting  of  said  Senate,  that  is  to 
say,  on  the  12th  day  of  December,  in  the  year  last  aforesaid,  having  reported  to  said  Senate  such 
suspension  with  the  evidence  and  reasons  for  his  action  in  the  case  and  the  name  of  the  person 
designated  to  perform  the  duties  of  such  office  temporarily  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Senate, 
and  said  Senate  thereafterwards  on  the  13th  day  of  January  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1868,  having 
duly  considered  the  evidence  and  reasons  reported  by  said  Andrew  Johnson  for  said  suspen 
sion,  and  having  refused  to  concur  in  said  suspension,  whereby  and  by  force  of  the  provisions 
of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,"  passed  March  2,  1867, 
said  Edwin  M.  Stanton  did  forthwith  resume  the  functions  of  his  office,  whereof  the  said  An 
drew  Johnson  had  then  and  there  due  notice,  and  said  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  by  reason  of  the 


223  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

premises,  on  said  21st  day  of  February,  "being  lawfully  entitled  to  hold  said  office  of  Secretary 
for  the  Department  of  War,  which  said  order  for  the  removal  of  said  Edwin  M.  Stanton  is  in 
substance  as  follows  that  is  to  say : 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  | 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  Feb.  21, 1808.  j 

SIR,— By  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority  vested  in  me  as  President  by  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  the  United  States,  you  are  hereby  removed  from  office  as  Secretary  for  the  Department 
of  War,  and  your  functions  as  such  will  terminate  upon  ueceipt  of  this  communication. 

You  will  transfer  to  Brevet  Major  General  Lorenzo  Thomas,  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army, 
who  has  this  day  been  authorized  and  empowered  to  act  as  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim,  all 
records,  books,  papers,  and  other  public  property  now  in  your  custody  and  charge. 

Respectfully  yours, 

ANDREW  JOHNSON. 
To  the  Hon.  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Which  order  was  unlawfully  issued  with  intent  then  and  there  to  violate  the  act  entitled  "An 
act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,1'  passed  March  2, 1867,  and  with  the  further  in 
tent,  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  said  act,  in  violation  thereof,  and  contrary  to  the  provisions 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  without  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States,  the  said  Senate  then  and  there  being  in  session,  to  remove  said  Edwin  M. 
Stanton  from  the  office  of  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  the  said  Edwin  M.  Stanton 
being  then  and  there  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  and  being  then  and  there  in  the  due 
and  lawful  execution  and  discharge  of  the  duties  of  said  office,  whereby  said  Andrew  Johnson, 
President  of  the  United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit,  and  was  guilty  of  a  high  misde 
meanor  in  office. 

ARTICLE  II.  That  on  the  said  21st  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  said  Andrew  John 
son,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the  high  duties  of  his  office,  of  his  oath  of 
office,  and  in  violation  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  contrary  to  the  provisions 
of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,"  passed  March  2, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  without  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  said  Senate  then  and  there  being  in  session,  and  without  authority  of  law,  did,  with  in 
tent  to  violate  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  act  aforesaid,  issue  and  deliver  to 
one  Lorenzo  Thomas  a  letter  of  authority  in  substance  as  follows,  that  is  to  say : 

EXECUTIVE  MANSION,  | 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  Feb.  21, 1868.  j 

SIR,— The  Hon.  Edwin  M.  Stanton  having  been  this  day  removed  from  office  as  Secretary  for 

the  Department  of  War,  you  are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  act  as  Secretary  of  War 

ad  interim,  and  will  immediately  enter  upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  pertaining  to  that  office. 

Mr.  Stanton  has  been  instructed  to  transfer  to  you  all  the  records,  books,  papers,  and  other 

public  property  now  in  his  custody  and  charge. 

Respectfully  yours, 

ANDREW  JOHNSON. 
To  Brevet  Major  General  Lorenzo  Thomas,  Adjutant  General  U.  S.  Army,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Then  and  there  being  no  vacancy  In  said  office  of  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  where 
by  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit  and  was 
guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor  in  office. 

ARTICLE  III.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  21st  day  of 
February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  fi368,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  did  commit 
and  was  guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor  in  office,  in  this,  that,  without  authority  of  law,  while 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States  was  then  and  there  in  session,  he  did  appoint  one  Lorenzo 
Thomas  to  be  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War  ad  interim,  without  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  and  with  intent  to  violate  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  no  vacancy  hav 
ing  happened  in  said  office  of  Secretary  for  the  Department,  of  War  during  the  recess  of  the 
Senate,  and  no  vacancy  existing  in  said  office  at  the  time,  and  which  said  appointment  so  made 
by  said  Andrew  Johnson,  of  said  Lorenzo  Thomas,  is  m  substance  as  follows,  that  is  to  say : 
(Same  as  above). 

ARTICLE  IV.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office  and  of  his  oath  of  office,  in  violation  of  the  Constitution  and  laws  of 
the  United  States,  on  the  21st  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1868,  at  Washington,  m 
the  District  of  Columbia,  did  unlawfully  conspire  with  one  Lorenzo  Thomas,  and  with  other 
persons  to  the  House  of  Representatives  unknown,  with  intent,  by  intimidation  and  threats, 
unlawfully  to  hinder  and  prevent  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  then  and  there  the  Secretary  for  the  De 
partment  of  War,  duly  appointed  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  from  holding  said  office 
of  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  contrary  to  and  in  violation  of  the  Constitution  of  the 


1369.]  IMPEACHMENT  TRIAL.  309 

United  States,  and  of  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  define  and  punish  certain 
conspiracies,"  approved  July  31,  1861,  whereby  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United 
States,  did  then  and  there  commit  and  was  guilty  of  a  high  crime  in  office. 

ARTICLE  V.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office  and  of  his  oath  of  office,  on  the  21st  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1868,  and  on  divers  other  days  and  times  in  said  year,  before  the  2d  day  of  March,  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  1868,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  did  unlawfully  conspire  with 
one  Lorenzo  Thomas,  and  with  other  persons  to  the  House  of  Representatives  unknown,  to 
prevent  and  hinder  the  execution  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain 
civil  offices,11  passed  March  2, 1867,  and  in  pursuance  of  said  conspiracy  did  unlawfully  attempt 
to  prevent  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  then  and  there  being  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  duly 
appointed  and  commissioned  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  from  holding  said  office, 
whereby  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit 
and  was  guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor  in  office. 

ARTICLE  VI.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office  and  of  his  oath  of  office,  on  the  21st  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  18G8,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  did  unlawfully  conspire  with  one  Lo 
renzo  Thomas,  by  force  to  seize,  take  and  possess  the  property  of  the  United  States  in  the  De 
partment  of  War,  and  then  and  there  in  the  custody  and  charge  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Secretary 
for  said  Department,  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  define  and  punish 
certain  conspiracies,'1  approved  July  31, 1861,  and  with  intent  to  violate  and  disregard  an  act 
entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,11  passed  March  2,  1867,  whereby 
said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit  a  high  crime 
in  office. 

ARTICLE  VII.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office  and  of  his  oath  of  office,  on  the  21st  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1868,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  did  unlawfully  conspire  with  one  Lo 
renzo  Thomas,  with  intent  unlawfully  to  seize,  take  and  possess  the  property  of  the  United 
States  in  the  Department  of  War,  in  the  custody  and  charge  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Secretary 
for  said  Department,  with  intent  to  violate  and  disregard  the  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating 
the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,11  passed  March  2, 1867,  whereby  said  Andrew  Johnson,  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit  a  high  misdemeanor  in  office. 

ARTICLE  VIII.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office  and  of  his  oath  of  office,  with  intent  unlawfully  to  control  the  disburse 
ments  of  the  moneys  appropriated  for  the  military  service  and  for  the  Department  of  War,  on 
the  21st  day  of  February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1868,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Colum 
bia,  did  unlawfully  and  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the 
tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,11  passed  March  2,  1867,  and  in  violation  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  without  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  and 
while  the  Senate  was  then  and  there  in  session,  there  being  no  vacancy  in  the  office  of  Secretary 
for  the  Department  of  War,  and  with  intent  to  violate  and  disregard  the  act  aforesaid,  then  and 
there  issue  and  deliver  to  one  Lorenzo  Thomas  a  letter  of  authority  in  writing,  in  substance  as 
follows,  that  is  to  say :  (Same  as  foregoing).  Whereby  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the 
United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit  and  was  guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor  in  office. 

ARTICLE  IX.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  on  the  22d  day  of 
February,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1868,  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  disre 
gard  of  the  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  duly  enacted,  as  commander-in-chief 
of  the  army  of  the  L'nited  States,  did  bring  before  himself  then  and  there  William  H.  Emory, 
a  major  general  by  brevet  in  the  army  of  the  United  States,  actually  in  command  of  the  depart 
ment  of  Washington  and  the  military  forces  thereof,  and  did  then  and  there,  as  such  comman 
der-in-chief,  declare  to  and  instruct  said  Emory  that  part  of  a  law  of  the  United  States,  passed 
March  2,  1867,  entitled  "An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  army  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1868,  and  for  other  purposes,"  especially  the  second  section  thereof,  which  pro 
vided,  among  other  things,  that,  "all  orders  and  instructions  relating  to  military  operations 
issued  by  the  President  or  Secretary  of  War,  shall  be  issued  through  the  General  of  the  army, 
and  in  case  of  his  inability  through  the  next  in  rank,"  was  unconstitutional,  and  in  contraven 
tion  of  the  commission  of  said  Emory,  and  which  said  provision  of  law  had  been  theretofore 
duly  and  legally  promulgated  by  General  Order  for  the  government  and  direction  of  the  army 
of  the  United  States,  as  the  said  Andrew  Johnson  then  and  there  well  knew,  with  intent  there 
by  to  induce  said  Emory  in  his  official  capacity  as  commander  of  the  department  of  Washington, 
to  violate  the  provisions  of  said  act,  and  to  take  and  receive,  act  upon,  and  obey  such  orders  as 


230  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

he,  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  might  make  and  give,  and  which  should  not  he  issued  through 
the  General  of  the  army  of  the  United  States,  according  to  the  provisions  of  said  act,  and  with 
the  further  intent  thereby  to  enable  him,  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  to  prevent  the  execution 
of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain  civil  offices,"  passed  March  2,  1867, 
and  to  unlawfully  prevent  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  then  being  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War, 
from  holding  said  office  and  discharging  the  duties  thereof,  whereby  said  Andrew  Johnson, 
President  of  the  United  States,  did  then  and  there  commit  and  was  guilty  of  a  high  misdemeanor 
in  office. 

And  the  House  of  Representatives,  by  protestation,  saving  to  themselves  the  liberty  of  ex 
hibiting  at  any  time  hereafter  any  further  articles  or  other  accusation,  or  impeachment  against 
the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  and  also  of  replying  to  his  answers 
which  he  shall  make  unto  the  articles  herein  preferred  against  him,  and  of  offering  proof  to  the 
same,  and  every  part  thereof,  and  to  all  and  every  other  article,  accusation,  or  impeachment 
which  shall  be  exhibited  by  them,  as  the  case  shall  require,  DO  DEMAND  that  the  said  Andrew 
Johnson  may  be  put  to  answer  the  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors  in  office  herein  charged 
against  him,  and  that  such  proceedings,  examinations,  trials,  and  judgments  may  be  thereupon 
had  and  given  as  may  be  agreeable  to  law  and  justice. 

•  March  3,  the  following  additional  articles  of  impeachment  were  agreed 
to,  viz. : 

ARTICLE  X.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office  and  the  dignity  and  proprieties  thereof,  and  of  the  harmony  and  cour 
tesies  which  ought  to  exist  and  be  maintained  between  the  executive  and  legislative  branches 
of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  designing  and  intending  to  set  aside  the  rightful  au 
thority  and  powers  of  Congress,  did  attempt  to  bring  into  disgrace,  ridicule,  hatred,  contempt 
and  reproach  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  the  several  branches  thereof,  to  impair  and 
destroy  the  regard  and  respect  of  all  the  good  people  of  the  United  States  for  the  Congress  and 
legislative  power  thereof,  (which  all  officers  of  the  Government  ought  inviolably  to  preserve 
and  maintain),  and  to  excite  the  odium  and  resentment  of  all  the  good  people  of  the  United 
States  against  Congress  and  the  laws  by  it  duly  and  constitutionally  enacted ;  and  in  pursuance 
of  his  said  design  and  intent,  openly  and  publicly,  and  before  divers  assemblages  of  the  citizens 
of  the  United  States  convened  in  divers  parts  thereof  to  meet  and  receive  said  Andrew  Johnson 
as  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  United  States,  did,  on  the  18th  day  of  August,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1806,  and  on  divers  other  days  and  times,  as  well  before  as  afterward,  make  and  deliver 
with  a  loud  voice  certain  intemperate,  inflammatory,  and  scandalous  harangues,  and  did  therein 
utter  loud  threats  and  bitter  menaces  as  well  against  Congress  as  the  laws  of  the  United  States 
duly  enacted  thereby,  amid  the  cries,  jeers  and  laughter  of  the  multitudes  then  assembled  and 
in  hearing,  which  are  set  forth  in  the  several  specifications  hereinafter  written,  in  substance 
and  effect,  that  is  to  say : 

SPECIFICATION  FIRST.  In  this,  that  at  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  the  Ex 
ecutive  Mansion,  to  a  committee  of  citizens  who  called  upon  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
speaking  of  and  concerning  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President 
of  the  United  States,  heretofore,  to  wit,  on  the  18th  day  of  August,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1866, 
did,  in  a  loud  voice,  declare  in  substance  and  effect,  among  other  things,  that  is  to  say : 

"  So  far  as  the  executive  department  of  the  government  is  concerned,  the  effort  has  been  made 
to  restore  the  Union,  to  heal  the  breach,  to  pour  oil  into  the  wounds  which  were  consequent 
upon  the  struggle,  and  (to  speak  in  common  phrase)  to  prepare  as  the  learned  and  wise  physician 
would,  a  plaster  healing  in  character  and  coextensive  with  the  wound.  We  thought,  and  we 
think,  that  we  had  partially  succeeded ;  but  as  the  work  progresses,  as  reconstruction  seemed 
to  be  taking  place,  and  the  country  was  becoming  reunited,  we  found  a  disturbing  and  marring 
element  opposing  us.  In  alluding  to  that  element.  I  shall  go  no  further  than  your  convention 
and  the  distinguished  gentleman  who  has  delivered  to  me  the  report  of  its  proceedings.  I  shall 
make  no  reference  to  it  that  I  do  not  believe  the  time  and  the  occasion  justify. 

"We  have  witnessed  in  one  department  of  the  Government  every  endeavor  to  prevent  the 
restoration  of  peace,  harmony,  and  Union.  We  have  seen  hanging  upon  the  rerge  of  the 
Government,  as  it  were,  a  body  called,  or  which  assumes  to  be,  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  while  in  fact  it  is  a  Congress  of  only  a  part  of  the  States.  We  have^seen  this  Congress 
pretend  to  be  for  the  Union,  when  its  every  step  and  act  tended  to  perpetuate  disunion  and 
make  a  disruption  of  the  States  inevitable.  *  *  *  \ye  nave  geen  Congress  gradually  en 
croach  step  by  stej)  upon  constitutional  rights,  and  violate,  day  after  day  and  month  after  month, 
fundamental  principles  of  the  government.  We  have  seen  a  Congress  that  seemed  to  forget 
that  there  was  a  limit  to  the  sphere  and  scope  of  legislation.  We  have  seen  a  Congress  in  a 
minority  assume  to  exercise  power  which,  allowed  to  be  consummated,  would  result  in  despot 
ism  or  monarchy  itself." 


1869.]  IMPEACHMENT  TRIAL.  231 

SPECIFICATION'  SECOND.  In  this,  that  at  Cleveland,  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  heretofore,  to  wit, 
on  the  3d  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1SGG,  before  a  public  assemblage  of  citizens 
and  others,  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  Ignited  States,  speaking  of  and  concerning 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  did,  in  a  loud  voice,  declare  in  substance  and  effect,  among 
other  things,  that  is  to  say : 

"I  will  tell  you  what  I  did  do.  I  called  upon  your  Congress,  that  is  trying  to  break  up  the 
government.  **************** 

"In  conclusion,  beside  that.  Congress  had  taken  much  pains  to  poison  their  constituents 
against  him.  But  what  had  Congress  done  ?  Have  they  done  anything  to  restore  the  union  of 
these  States  ?  No ;  on  the  contrary,  they  had  done  everything  to  prevent  it ;  and  because  he 
stood  now  where  he  did  when  the  rebellion  commenced,  he  had  been  denounced  as  a  traitor. 
Who  had  run  greater  risks  or  made  greater  sacrifices  than  himself?  But  Congress,  factious  and 
domineering,  had  undertaken  to  poison  the  minds  of  the  American  people." 

SPECIFICATION  THIRD.  In  this,  that  at  St.  Louis,  in  the  State  of  Missouri,  heretofore,  to  wit, 
on  the  8th  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  18GG,  before  a  public  assemblage  of  citi 
zens  and  others,  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  speaking  of  and  con 
cerning  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  did,  in  a  loud  voice,  declare,  in  substance  and  effect, 
among  other  things,  that  is  to  say : 

"  Go  on.  Perhaps  if  you  had  a  word  or  two  on  the  subject  of  New  Orleans  you  might  under 
stand  more  about  it  than  you  do.  And  if  you  will  g^o  back — if  you  will  go  back  and  ascertain 
the  cause  of  the  riot  at  New  Orleans  perhaps  you  will  not  be  so  prompt  in  calling  out  '  New  Or 
leans.1  If  you  will  take  up  the  riot  at  New  Orleans,  and  trace  it  back  to  its  source  or  its  imme 
diate  cause,  you  will  find  out  who  was  responsible  for  the  blood  that  was  shed  there.  If  you 
will  take  up  the  riot  at  New  Orleans  and  trace  it  back  to  the  radical  Congress,  you  will  find  that 
the  riot  at  New  Orleans  was  substantially  planned.  If  you  will  take  up  the  proceedings  in  their 
caucuses  you  will  understand  that  they  there  knew  that  a  convention  was  to  be  called  which 
was  extinct  by  its  power  having  expired ;  that  it  was  said  that  the  intention  was  that  a  new 
government  was  to  be  organized,  and  on  the  organization  of  that  government  the  intention  was 
to  enfranchise  one  portion  of  the  population,  called  the  colored  population,  who  had  just  been 
emancipated,  and  at  the  same  time  disfranchise  white  men.  When  you  design  to  talk  about 
New  Orleans,  you  ought  to  understand  what  you  are  talking  about.  "W  hen  you  read  the  speeches 
that  were  made,  and  take  up  the  facts  on  the  Friday  and  Saturday  before  that  convention  sat, 
you  will  there  find  that  speeches  were  made  incendiary  in  their  character,  exciting  that  portion 
of  the  population,  the  black  population,  to  arm  themselves  and  prepare  for  the  shedding  of 
blood.  You  will  also  find  that  that  convention  did  assemble  in  violation  of  law,  and  the  inten 
tion  of  that  convention  was  to  supersede  the  reorganized  authorities  in  the  State  government 
of  Louisiana,  which  had  been  recognized  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States ;  and  every 
man  engaged  in  that  rebellion  in  that  convention,  with  the  intention  of  superseding  and  up 
turning  the  civil  government  which  had  been  recognized  by  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  I  say  that  he  was  a  traitor  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  hence  you  find 
that  another  rebellion  was  commenced,  having  Us  origin  in  the  radical  Conqrew.  *  *  * 

"  So  much  for  the  New  Orleans  riot.  And  there  was  the  cause  and  the  origin  of  the  blood 
that  was  shed :  and  every  drop  of  blood  that  was  shed  is  upon  their  skirts,  and  they  are  respon 
sible  for  it.  I  could  test  this  thing  a  little  closer,'but  will  not  do  it  here  to-night.  But  when 
you  talk  about  the  causes  and  consequences  that  resulted  from  proceedings  of  that  kind,  per 
haps,  as  I  have  been  introduced  here,  and  you  have  provoked  questions  of  this  kind,  though  it 
does  not  provoke  me,  I  will  tell  you  a  few  wholesome  things  that  have  been  done  by  this  radi 
cal  Congress  in  connection  with  New  Orleans  and  the  extension  of  the  elective  franchise. 

"  I  know  that  I  have  been  traduced  and  abused.  I  know  it  has  come  in  advance  of  me  here 
as  elsewhere — that  I  have  attempted  to  exercise  an  arbitrary  power  in  resisting  laws  that  were 
intended  to  be  forced  upon  the  Government;  that  I  had  exercised  that  power;  that  I  had 
abandoned  the  party  that  elected  me,  and  that  I  was  a  traitor,  because  I  exercised  the  veto 
power  in  attempting,  and  did  arrest  for  a  time,  a  bill  that  was  called  a  'Freedmen's  Bureau' 
bill ;  yes,  that  I  was  a  traitor.  And  I  have  been  traduced,  I  have  been  slandered,  I  have  been 
maligned,  I  have  been  called  Judas  Iscariot,  and  all  that.  Now,  my  countrymen,  here  to-night, 
it  is  very  easy  to  indulge  in  epithets ;  it  is  easy  to  call  a  man  Judas  and  cry  out  traitor,  but 
when  he  is  called  upon  to  give  arguments  and  facts,  he  is  very  often  found  wanting.  Judas  Is 
cariot — Judas.  There  was  a  Judas,  and  he  was  one  of  the  twelve  Apostles.  Oh !  yes,  the 
twelve  Apostles  had  a  Christ.  The  twelve  Apostles  had  a  Christ,  and  he  never  could  have  had 
a  Judas  unless  he  had  had  twelve  Apostles.  If  I  have  played  the  Judas,  who  has, been  my 
Christ  that  I  have  played  the  Judas  with  ?  Was  it  Thacl.  Stevens  ?  Was  it  Wendell  Phillips  ? 
Was  it  Charles  Sumrie'r  ?  These  are  the  men  that  stop  and  compare  themselves  with  the  Sav 
iour  ;  and  everybody  that  differs  with  them  in  opinion,  and  to  try  to  stay  and  arrest  their  dia 
bolical  and  nefarious  policy,  is  to  be  denounced  as  a  Judas.  ******* 

"  Well,  let  me  say  to  you,  if  you  will  stand  by  me  in  this  action,  if  you  will  stand  by  me  in 
trying  to  give  the  people  a  fair  chance — soldiers  and  citizens — to  participate  in  these  offices, 
God  being  willing,  I  will  kick  them  out.  I  will  kick  them  out  just  as  fast  as  I  can. 

u  Let  me  say  to  you,  in  concluding,  that  what  I  have  said  I  intended  to  say.  I  was  not  pro 
voked  into  this,  and  I  care  not  for  their  menaces,  the  taunts,  and  the  jeers.  I  care  not  for 
threats.  I  do  not  intend  to  be  bullied  by  my  enemies  nor  overawed  by  my  friends.  But,  God 
willing,  with  your  help,  I  will  veto  their  measures  whenever  any  of  them  come  to  me." 

Which  said  utterances,  declarations,  threats,  and  harangues,  highly  censurable  in  any,  are 
peculiarly  indecent  and  unbecoming  in  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  United  States,  by  means 


232  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

whereof  said  Andrew  Johnson  has  brought  the  high  office  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
into  contempt,  ridicule,  and  disgrace,  to  the  great  scandal  of  all  good  citizens,  whereby  said 
Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  did  commit,  and  was  then  and  there  guilty 
of  a  high  misdemeanor  in  office. 

ARTICLE  XI.  That  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  unmindful  of  the 
high  duties  of  his  office,  and  of  his  oath  of  office,  and  in  disregard  of  the  Constitution  and  laws 
of  the  United  States,  did,  heretofore,  to  wit,  on  the  18th  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1806,  at  the  city 
of  Washington,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  by  public  speech,  declare  and  affirm,  in  substance, 
that  the  Thirty-Ninth  Congress  of  the  United  States  was  not  a  Congress  of  the  United  States 
authorized  by  the  Constitution  to  exercise  legislative  power  under  the  same,  but,  on  the  con 
trary,  was  a  Congress  of  only  part  of  the  States,  thereby  denying,  and  intending  to  deny,  that 
the  legislation  of  said  Congress  was  valid  or  obligatory  upon  him,  the  said  Andrew  Johnson, 
except  in  so  far  as  he  saw  fit  to  approve  the  same,  and  also  thereby  denying,  and  intending  to 
deny,  the  power  of  the  said  Thirty-Ninth  Congress  to  propose  amendments  to  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  ;  and,  in  pursuance  of  said  declaration,  the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  afterwards,  to  wit,  on  the  21st  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1868,  at  the 
city  of  Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  did,  unlawfully,  and  in  disregard  of  the  re 
quirement  of  the  Constitution,  that  he  should  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed, 
attempt  to  prevent  the  execution  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  regulating  the  tenure  of  certain 
civil  offices,"  passed  March  2, 1867,  by  unlawfully  devising  and  contriving,  and  attempting  to 
devise  and  contrive  means  by  which  he  should  prevent  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  forthwith  re 
suming  the  functions  of  the  office  of  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War,  notwithstanding 
the  refusal  of  the  Senate  to  concur  in  the  suspension  theretofore  made  by  said  Andrew  Johnson 
of  said  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  said  office  of  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  War;  and,  also, 
by  further  unlawfully  devising  and  contriving,  and  attempting  to  devise  and  contrive,  means, 
then  and  there,  to  prevent  the  execution  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropriations 
for  the  support  of  the  army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1868,  and  for  other  purposes," 
approved  March  2,  1S67;  and,  also,  to  prevent  the  execution  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to 
provide  for  the  more  efficient  government  of  the  rebel  States,"  passed  March  2,  1867,  whereby 
the  said  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  did  then,  to  wit,  on  the  21st  day 
of  February,  A.  D.  1868,  at  the  city  of  Washington,  commit,  and  was  guilty  of,  a  high  misde 
meanor  in  office. 

The  vote  on  these  articles  was  as  follows :  On  the  first,  sixth,  seventh  and 
eighth,  yeas  127,  nays  42;  on  the  second  and  third,  yeas  124,  nays,  41 ;  on  the 
fourth,  yeas  117,  nays  40  ;  on  the  ninth,  yeas  108,  nays  41 ;  on  the  tenth,  yeas 
88,  nays  44 ;  on  the  eleventh,  yeas  109,  nays  32. 

Messrs.  John  A.  Bingham,  George  S.  Boutwell,  James  F.  Wilson,  Benjamin 
F.  Butler,  Thomas  Williams,  John  A.  Logan  and  Thaddeus  Stevens  were 
elected  managers  to  conduct  the  impeachment,  and  they  presented  the  fore 
going  Articles  to  the  Senate,  March  4.  On  the  5th,  the  Senate  was  organized 
as  a  Court  of  Impeachment,  Chief  Justice  Chase  presiding,  and  on  the  7th, 
the  summons  requiring  the  President  to  appear  and  answer  the  articles,  was 
served  upon  him.  He  employed  as  counsel,  Messrs.  Henry  Stanberry,  B.  R. 
Curtis,  Thomas  A.  R.  Nelson,  William  M.  Evarts  and  W.  S.  Groesbeck.  His 
counsel  entered  his  appearance  the  13th,  and  on  the  23d,  returned  answer  to 
the  articles.  The  replication  of  the  managers  was  presented  on  the  24th, 
and  on  Monday,  March  30,  the  trial  began,  Mr.  Butler  making  the  opening 
argument  on  the  part  of  the  managers.  The  testimony  on  the  part  of  the 
prosecution  was  then  introduced,  occupying  the  time  until  April  4,  when  at 
the  request  of  the  President's  counsel,  the  case  was  adjourned  until  April  9. 
Mr.  Curtis  then  made  the  opening  argument  for  the  defense,  concluding  on 
the  10th,  and  the  testimony  introduced  on  the  part  of  the  President  occu 
pied  the  time  until  April  18.  Further  testimony  was  introduced  by  both 
sides,  and  the  argument  began  April  22,  when  Mr.  Boutwell  on  the  part  of 


1869.]  RECONSTRUCTION  IN  THE  SOUTHERN  STATES.  233 

the  managers  commenced  to  sum  up  the  case.  The  arguments  of  both  sides 
were  concluded  May  6.  The  next  two  days  were  spent  by  the  Senate  in 
deliberation,  determining  rules,  form  of  questions,  &c.  The  final  vote  was 
to  have  been  taken  May  12,  but  in  consequence  of  the  illness  of  a  Senator, 
it  was  deferred  until  the  16th.  It  was  then  ordered  that  a  vote  be  taken  on 
the  eleventh  article  first.  The  vote  was  "guilty,"  35,  "not  guilty,"  19,  as 
follows : 

For  Convictioij.  Messrs.  Anthony,  Cameron,  Cattell,  Chandler,  Cole,  Conkling,  Conness, 
Corbett,  Cragin,  Drake,  Edmunds,  Ferry,  Frelinghuysen,  Harlan,  Howard,  Howe,  Morgan, 
Morrill  (Me.),  Morrill  (Vt.),  Morton,  Nye,  Patterson  (N.  H.),  Pomeroy,  Ramsey,  Sherman, 
Sprague,  Stewart,  Sumner,  Thayer,  Tipton,  Wade,  Willey,  Williams,  Wilson,  Yates. 

For  Acquittal.  Messrs.  Bayard,  Buckalew,  Davis,  Dixon,  Doolittle,  Fessenden,  Fowler, 
Grimes,  Henderson,  Hendricks,  Johnson,  McCreery,  Norton,  Patterson  (Term.),  Ross,  Saulsbury, 
Trumbull,  Van  Winkle,  Vickers. 

May  26,  the  second  and  third  articles  were  voted  upon  with  the  same  re 
sult  as  on  the  eleventh,  when  a  motion  was  made  and  carried  that  the  Court 
adjourn  sine  die.  Judgment  of  acquittal  was  then  entered  by  the  Chief  Jus 
tice  on  the  three  articles  voted  upon,  and  the  Senate  sitting  as  a  Court  of 
Impeachment  was  declared  adjourned  without  day. 

RECONSTRUCTION  IN  THE  SOUTHERN  STATES. 

The  Thirty -ninth  Congress  by  act  of  March  2, 1867,  provided  a  government 
for  the  insurrectionary  States  by  dividing  them  into  military  districts,  and 
making  them  subject  to  the  military  authority  of  the  United  States.  For 
this  purpose,  Virginia  constituted  the  1st  District,  North  Carolina  and  South 
Carolina  the  2d,  Georgia,  Alabama  and  Florida  the  3d,  Mississippi  and  Ark 
ansas  the  4th,  and  Louisiana  and  Texas  the  5th.  To  each  of  these  Districts 
a  General  of  the  Army  was  assigned,  with  a  sufficient  military  force  to  pro 
tect  all  persons  in  their  rights  of  person  and  property,  to  suppress  insurrection, 
disorder  and  violence,  and  to  punish  all  disturbers  of  the  public  peace.  The 
act  had  also  the  following  provisions : 

When  the  people  of  any  one  of  said  Rebel  States  shall  have  formed  a  constitution  and  gov 
ernment  in  conformity  with  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  in  all  respects,  framed  by  a 
convention  of  delegates  elected  by  the  male  citizens  of  said  State  21  years  old  and  upward,  of 
whatever  race,  color  or  previous  condition,  who  have  been  resident  in  said  State  for  one  year 
previous  to  the  day  of  such  election,  except  such  as  may  be  disfranchised  for  participation  in 
the  Rebellion  or  for  felony  at  common  law,  and  when  such  constitution  shall  provide  that  the 
elective  franchise  shall  be  enjoyed  by  all  such  persons  as  have  the  qualifications  heroin  stated 
for  electors  of  delegates,  and  when  such  constitution  shall  be  ratified  by  a  majority  of  the  per 
sons  voting  on  the  question  of  ratification  who  are  qualified  as  electors  for  delegates,  and.  when 
such  constitution  shall  have  been  submitted  to  Congress  for  examination  and  approval,  and 
Congress  shall  have  approved  the  same,  and  when  said  State  by  vote  of  its  Legislature  elected 
under  said  constitution  shall  have  adopted  the  Amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  proposed  by  the  XXXIXth  Congress,  and  known  as  Article  14,  and  when  said  article  shall 
have  become  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  said  State  shall  be  declared  entitled 
to  representation  in  Congress,  and  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  be  admitted  therefrom  on 
their  taking  the  oath  prescribed  by  law,  and  then  and  thereafter  the  preceding  sections  of  this 
act  shall  be  inoperative  in  said  State.  Provided,  That  no  person  excluded  from  the  privilege  of 
holding  office  by  said  proposed  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
eligible  to  election  as  a  member  of  the  convention  to  frame  a  constitution  for  any  of  said  Rebel 
States,  nor  shall  any  such  person  vote  for  members  of  such  convention. 

SEC.  6.  Until  the  people  of  the  said  Rebel  States  shall  by  law  be  admitted  to  representation 
to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  all  civil  governments  that  may  exist  therein  shall  be 


234 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


deemed  provisional  only,  and  shall  be  in  all  respects  subject  to  the  paramount  authority  of  the 
United  States,  at  any  time  to  abolish,  modify,  control,  and  supersede  the  same,  and  in  all  elec 
tions  to  any  office  under  such  provisional  governments  all  persons  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  under 
the  provisions  of  the  fifth  section  of  this  act.  And  no  person  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office  under 
such  provisional  governments  who  would  be  disqualified  from  holding  office  under  the  provis 
ions  of  the  third  article  of  said  Constitutional  Amendment. 

Under  this  act,  the  President  appointed  as  commanders  of  the  Military 
Districts:  For  the  1st,  Major  General  John  M.  Schoficld  ;  for  the  2d,  Major 
General  Daniel  E.  Sickles;  for  the  3d,  Major  General  John  Pope ;  for  the  4th, 
Major  General  E.  O.  C.  Orel ;  and  for  the  5th,  Major  General  Philip  H.  Sher 
idan.  By  order  of  the  President,  before  the  close  of  the  year,  most  of  these 
commanders  were  removed  and  others  appointed  in  their  places. 

A  supplemental  act  of  March  23,  directed  the  commanding  General  in 
each  District  to  cause  a  registration  to  be  made  of  the  male  citizens  qualified 
to  vote  by  the  provisions  of  the  act.  After  the  completion  of  the  registra 
tion,  an  election  was  held  to  choose  delegates  to  a  convention  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  a  constitution  and  civil  government  in  each  State,  and  also 
to  vote  for  or  against  a  convention.  Under  these  acts  and  a  second  supple 
mentary  reconstruction  act  of  July  19,  18G7,  and  the  amendatory  act  of  March 
11,  1868,  Arkansas,  Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  North  Carolina, 
and  South  Carolina  framed  and  adopted  constitutions  of  State  government, 
and  they  were  admitted  to  representation  in  Congress  as  States  of  the  Union, 
by  the  acts  of  June  22  and  June  25,  1868.  (For  the  Specific  Acts  admitting 
these  States,  see  "Public  Acts,"  _pa<7<?246.)  Soon  after  the  passage  of  the  above 
acts,  the  commanders  of  the  Military  Districts  in  which  these  States  were 
situated,  withdrew  the  military  authority,  and  civil  rule  was  again  estab 
lished.  In  most  cases,  to  facilitate  the  inauguration  of  the  executive  officers 
elected  in  the  diiferent  States,  they  were  appointed  by  the  military  command 
ers  to  the  positions  they  were  to  occupy,  before  the  meeting  of  the  legisla 
tures.  The  number  registered  in  each  State,  and  the  election  returns  under 
the  reconstruction  acts  were  as  follows : 


REGISTRATION  OF  VOTERS. 


Whites.  Colored.  Total. 

Alabama 01,293. . .  .104,518. . .  .165,813 

Arkansas G0,831 

Florida 11,914....  16,089....  28,003 

Georgia 96,333. . . .  95.168. . .  .191,501 


Whites.  Colored. 

Mississippi 

North  Carolina . . .  106,721 ....  72,932 . 

South  Carolina...  46,882....  80,550. 

Texas 59,633....  49,497. 


Louisiana 45,218. . . .  84,436. . .  .129,654       Virginia. 


.120,101....  105,832. 


Total. 

..139,690 
..179,653 
.127,432 
..109,180 
..225,933 


VOTES  ON  CALLING  CONSTITUTIONAL  CONVENTIONS. 


FOR  CONVENTION. 


AGAINST  CONVENTION. 


Alabama           .  .  . 

Whitej. 

..18,553... 

Colored. 

...71,730.. 

Total. 

.  .  .     90,283 

Whites.            Colored. 

5,583 

Total. 

.     5.583.    . 

Total  Vote. 

...  96,806 

Arkansas        

27,576 

.     13,558     . 

...  41,134 

Florida  
Georgia  

..  1,220... 

...32,000... 

...13,080.. 
...70,283.. 

....  14,300 

....102,283 

203  
4,000  127... 

...      203... 
...  4,127... 

...  14,503 
...106,410 

Louisiana 

75,083 

4,006..  . 

...  79,174 

Mississippi  
North  Carolina  
South  Carolina 

..31,284... 
2,350... 

...61,722.. 

...60,418.. 

....  69,739 
....  93,006 

....  68,768 

32,961  
2,278  

...  6.277... 
...32,961... 

9  0~8 

...  76,016 
...125,967 
...  71,046 

Texas 

7  757 

36  932 

44  689 

10  622            818 

11,440     . 

.  .     56,129 

Virginia  

..14,835... 

...92,507.. 

....107,242 

61,249  638... 

...61,887... 

...169,229 

1809.]  FINANCES.  335 

VOTES  ON  RATIFICATION  OF  CONSTITUTIONS  RECOMMENDED'  BY  CONVENTIONS. 

Adoption.  Rejection.  Total  Vote.  Date  of  Election. 

Alabama 70.812 1,005 71,817 February   4,  18G8. 

Arkansas 27,913 20,597 54,510 March  15,  18G8. 

Florida 14,520 9,491 24,011 May  4, 18G8. 

Georgia 89,007 71,309 100,316 April  20, 1868. 

Louisiana 66,152 48,739 114,891 April  17,  1868. 

North  Carolina 93,084 74,015 167,099 April  21,  1868. 

South  Carolina 70,758 27,288 98,046 April  14,  1868. 

Mississippi,  Texas  and  Virginia  having  failed  to  comply  with  the  require 
ments  of  the  reconstruction  acts,  have  not  been  admitted  to  representation 
in  Congress.  In  Texas  and  in  portions  of  other  Southern  States,  the  lawless 
ness  of  some  districts  has  required  the  presence  of  the  military  force  of  the 
General  Government  to  preserve  peace  and  order.  A  special  committee  of 
the  Texas  Constitutional  Convention  reported,  July  21,  18G8, 1,035  homicides 
committed  in  Texas  in  three  years,  of  which  319  were  committed  in  18G8. 

FINANCES. 

During  the  year  1867,  the  aspect  of  the  finances  was  much  improved  by 
the  consolidation  of  the  public  debt,  and  a  reduction  of  its  amount.  From 
December  1,  1866,  to  December  1,  1867,  the  Legal  Tender  notes  had  been  re 
duced  upwards  of  $107,000,000  by  a  gradual  contraction  of  the  currency. 
This  measure  had  been  urged  by  the  Secretaiy  of  the  Treasury  in  his  report 
as  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  the  credit  of  the  government,  and  as 
advantageous  to  the  industrial  and  social  interests  of  the  country ;  but  a  wide 
difference  of  opinion  existed  both  in  the  public  mind  and  among  members 
of  Congress,  in  regard  to  this  policy.  Some  persons  advocated,  continued 
contraction,  while  others  opposed  it ;  the  latter  urging  that  there  wTas  no 
excess  of  money  in  the  country,  all  being  needed  for  the  movement  of  crops, 
and  the  uses  of  healthful  trade.  One  party  favored  the  suppression  of  "  Green 
backs,"  or  Government  notes,  while  another  advocated  an  increase  of  these 
and  a  withdrawal  of  National  Bank  notes.  Congress  repealed  the  law  giving 
the  Secretary  power  to  reduce  the  currency,  January  1,  1868. 

A  difference  of  opinion  also  existed  in  reference  to  the  mode  of  payment  of 
the  National  loans,  especially  the  bonds  known  as  "Five-twTenties."  There 
were  some  who  recommended  the  payment  of  the  principal  as  it  became  due 
in  legal  tender  notes,  while  others  urged  that  the  faith  of  the  nation  was 
pledged  to  the  full  payment  of  principal  and  interest  in  coin.  Various  meas 
ures  were  brought  before  Congress,  and  the  question  entered  very  largely  into 
the  discussion  of  political  questions  in  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1868, 
but  no  decisive  measures  were  passed  by  Congress. 

The  whole  subject  of  Currency  and  Finance  will  be  discussed  in  another 
place,  in  a  paper  prepared  expressly  for  this  volume,  and  we  simply  add  here 
the  following  statistical  tables.  They  serve  to  present  the  condition  of  the 
finances  of  the  country,  and  exhibit  the  changes  in  duties  levied  on  leading 
articles,  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  government,  the  public  debt  at 
different  dates,  the  kinds  of  United  States  bonds,  the  number  and  condition 
of  the  National  Banks,  and  the  debts  of  the  several  States. 


23G 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


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1869.]  FINANCES.  337 

II.  RECEIPTS  AND  EXPENDITURES  OP  THE  TREASURY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  WHICH  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1868. 

RECEIPTS. 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  July  1, 1867 $170,808,814.40 

From  Customs,  (gold) $164,464,599.56 

"     Internal  Revenue *191, 087,589.41 

"      Public  Lands 1,348,715,41 

"     Direct  Tax 1,788,145.85 

"     Miscellaneous  sources,  Premium  on  Gold,  &c.,  (including 

$7,078,203.42  for  premium  on  5-20  and  10-40  Bonds) 46,949,033.09 

Total  ordinary  Receipts 405,r>38,083.32 

"      Loans 625,111,433.20 

Total  Receipts $1,201,618.330.92 

EXPENDITURES. 

For  Civil  Sen-ice $53,009,867.67 

"    Pensions  and  Indians 27,883,069.10 

*•    War,  including  Bounties , 123,246,648.62 

"    Navy 25,775,502.72 

$229,915,08.811 

"    Interest  on  Public  Debt 140,424,045.71 

14    Premium  ou  Treasury  Notes  per  Acts  of  June  30, 1864,  and 

March  3, 1865 7,001,151.04 

"    Redemption  of  Public  Debt,  exclusive  of  Interest 692,549,685.88 

Total  Expenditures $1,069,889,970.74 

Amount  transferred  to  Register $893,922.22 

Balance  in  Treasury,  June  30, 1868,  agreeably  to  warrants 130,&34,437.96 

131,728,360.18 


$1,201,618,330.92 


*  The  receipts  from  Internal  Revenue  were  derived  as  follows : 

From  Taxes  on  Raw  Cotton $22,500,947.77 

'•          "  Distilled  Liquors,  (including  $871,638  from  apples, 

peaches,  and  grapes) 14,280,730.98 

"          "  Fermented  Liquors 5,685,663.70 

u          "  Tobacco,  Cigars  and  Snuff 18,644,091.03 

"          "          'Manufactures  of  Iron 2,674,364.93 

"  Other  Manufactures 36,488,709.81 

$100,274,508.22 

Sales $4,837,900.33 

Sale?  of  Stamps 14,852,252.02 

Taxes  on  Watches,  Carriages,  Silver  Plate,  Billiard  Tables,    1,140,370.35 

Special  Taxes,  (Licenses) 16,364,547.28 

"       Taxes  on  Incomes  of  Individuals,  (including  salaries,  $1,- 

043,561.40) 33,071,172.18 

Incomes  of  Banks,  Railroads  and  Insurance  Co's..    8,384,426.18 
Gross  receipts  of  Railroads,  Telegraph  and  Express 

Companies,  &c 6,280,069.34 

Bank  circulation  and  deposits 1,866,745.55 

Legacies  and  successions 2,823,411.24 

Passports 28,280.00 

Fines,  Penalties,  &c. . .  1,256,881.59 

90,906,056.06 


Total  receipts  during  the  fiscal  year  1868 $101,180,664.98 

[A  discrepancy  will  be  noticed  between  the  amount  received  by  the  office  of  Internal  Revenue 
($101,180,564.28),  and  by  the  United  States  Treasury  ($191,087,589).  The  difference  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  same  receipts  are  not  entered  upon  the  books  of  the  two  offices  on  the  same  day]. 


238  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18(59. 

IIL  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  ORDINARY  RECEIPTS  AND  EXPENDITURES  of  the 
United  States  Treasury  for  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  June  30,  1868,  as 
compared  with  those  of  the  fiscal  year  1867.  [Prepared  expressly  for  this 
work,  by  EDWARD  YOUNG]. 


RECEIPTS. 

In  the  fiscal  year  1867. 

In  the  fiical  year  1868. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

From  Customs  ("'old) 

$176,417,810.88 

$164  464,599.56 

$11.953,211.32 

"      Internal  Revenue 

265  920  474  05 

191  087  589  41 

74,832,885  24 

"      Public  Lands 

1  163  575  76 

1  3-18  715  41 

$185  139  65 

"      Direct  Tax  

4,200,233.70 

1  788  145  85 

2,412,087.85 

"      Miscellaneous  Sources  

42,824,852.50 

46,949,033.09 

4,124,180.59 

Net  decrease,  17.3  per  cent  

$405,638,083.32 
84  888  864  17 

$4,309,320.24 

84,888,864.17 

$490,526,947.49 

$490,520,947.49 

$89,198,184.41 

$89.198,184.41 

EXPENDITURES. 

In  the  fiscal  year  1867. 

In  the  fiscal  year  1868. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

For  Civil  Service  

$51,110,027.27 

$53,009,867.67 

$1,899,840.40 

"    Pensions  and  Indians 

25  579  083  48 

27  883  069.10 

2  303  985  62 

"    War,  including  Bounties.  .  . 
"    Navy  
"    Interest  on  Public  Debt 

95,224,415.63 
31,034,011.04 
143  781  591  91 

123,246,648.62 
25,775,502.72 
140,424,045.71 

28,022,232.99 

$5,258',5b8.33 
3  357  546  20 

"    Premium  on  Treasury  Notes 

7,001,151.04 

7,001,151.04 

Net  increase  8  8  per  cent 

30  611  155  53 

30  611  155  53 

$377.340.284.86 

$377,340,284.86 

$39,227,210.05 

$39,227,210.05 

IV.  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  ESTIMATED  SALES  OF  MERCHANDISE,  (exclusive 
of  sales  by  wholesale  and  retail  liquor  dealers,  apothecaries,  cattle-brokers, 
&c.),  in  the  following  States,  computed  from  the  receipts  of  Internal  Rev 
enue  in  the  fiscal  year  1868. 


STATES. 

By  Auctioneers. 

By  C'mercial  Brokers. 

By  Wholesale  Dealers. 

By  Retail  Dealers. 

New  York         

$60  868  240 

$353  029  300 

$2  318  451  070 

$428  991  660 

Massachusetts 

15  295  530 

55  991  180 

822  675  740 

186  846  408 

Pennsylvania  

23,417,390 

49  303  920 

5271405'()30 

352  250  556 

Illinois.             

7,241,180 

4882540 

427  639  500 

"  189  810  °92 

Ohio  

10,981,010 

9,928,500 

279,361,590 

197  424  312 

Maryland 

3  105  280 

26  071  200 

16°  160  710 

74  '()()">  'ids 

Missouri            

13,853,290 

5  767  120 

159  585  610 

81  297  156 

California                    

10,529,980 

6  838  300 

188  4S3  290 

47  367  264 

Louisiana 

6  706  560 

7  27°  400 

135  770  050 

37  450  932 

1  105  030 

191  740 

96  643  820 

73  338  816 

Indiana          

2,367,180 

322  080 

50  595  020 

104  43°'616 

New  Jersey                       .  .  . 

2,286,720 

639  500 

60  062  470 

87  969  900 

10  698  700 

2  159  540 

69  179  470 

74  074  s48 

Michigan       

1,249,700 

281  100 

67  3°0  340 

73  658  004 

Iowa                         

1,183,670 

219  180 

41  844  480 

70  5S6  784 

628  470 

309  920 

45  953  270 

53  000  976 

1  558  840 

4,561  020 

36  872  640 

4^  qs>i  97«j 

Hhod£  Island         

1,275,650 

18,924,140 

52  907  560 

19  045  572 

657,140 

7  817  360 

44  .jgo  950 

27  130  944 

506100 

282  560 

41  440  840 

39  *>48  340 

Virginia  
Alabama                

4,009,650 
895,930 

1,888,380 
134  020 

33,480,210 
35  585  290 

39,744,732 
19  470  900 

South  Carolina            

910.370 

318  060 

23'  763'  340 

26  048  832 

1,130  190 

215  940 

13  911  °30 

27  216  156 

Texas       

819,720 

10,068,180 

11  927  690 

20  704  512 

Minnesota  

235,840 

88,760 

13,202.880 

22.259.232 

1869.] 


FINANCES. 


239 


V.  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  AGGREGATE  SALES  OF  MERCHANDISE  (including 
liquors),  in  the  United  States  during  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  June  30, 
1868,  deduced  from  the  receipts  of  Internal  Revenue.  [Prepared  expressly 
for  this  work,  by  EDWARD  YOUNG]. 


Branches  of  Business. 

Internal  Rev. 
Receipts. 

Special  Tax  or  License. 

Estimated  Sales  of 
Merchandise  in  the 
fiscal  year  1868. 

Apothecaries  
Btitchers  

$58,377.46 

170.138.41 
189,922.04 
9,832.11 
1,854,387.80 
2,163,632.00 
592,045.12 
3,242,915.31 

1,489.79 
186,727.50 
110.858.96 
286,438.46 
5,796.71 
67.76 
4  002  655  99 

LICENSES. 
$10  when  annual  sales  not  over  $25,000 
averaged  at  $10,000..  .  . 
10               $25,000,           "            15,000.... 
10                 10,000  tax=l-10  of  1  per  cent. 
10                 25.000  averaged  at  $10,000.  .  .  . 
50                 50,000  tax=l-10  of  1  per  cent. 
10                 25,000  averaged  at  $12,000..  .  . 
100                 50,000  tax=l-5  of  1  per  cent. 
25                 25,000  averaged  at  $12,500.... 

SALES. 
One-tenth  of  one  Der  cent  

$58,377,460 
255,207,615 
189,922,040 
9,852,110 
1,854,387,800 
2,596,358,400 
296,022,560 
+1,621,457,655 

1,489,790 

186,727,500 
110,858,960 
v     572.876,920 
5,796,710 
67,760 
4.002,655,990 
241,991,290 
1,642,540 

Cattle  brokers  
Confectioner? 

Dealers,  wholesale  

Dealers,  retail  
Dealers,  wholesale  liquor. 
Dealers,  retail  liquor  

Apothecaries  

Auctioneers  
Brokers,  Cattle 

ti 

u 

Brokers,  Commercial  
Butchers  

Confectioners 

One-twentieth  of  one  per  cen 
One-tenth  of  one  per  cent.  .  . 

t  

Dealers 

;:     ;; 

t« 

Dealers  in  liquors  
Plumbers 

241,991.29 
1,642.54 



112,005,693,100 

Branches  of  Business. 

Estimated  Sales  in 
the  fiscal  year 
1867. 

Estimated  Sales  in 
the  fiscal  year 
1868. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

Apothecaries  

$55,650,980 
240.248,630 
326,898,150 
830.339,940 
236,330,100 
9,065,807 
6,249,745.830 
2,457,432,892 
609,278.050 
1,483,341,865 
12,856,070 

$59,867,250 
186,727,500 
300,781,000 
572,876.920 
261,00-1.325 
9,919,870 
5,857.043.790 
2,596,358,400 
538,013.850 
1,621,457,655 
1,642,540 

$4,216,270 

$53,521,130 
26,117,150 
257,463,020 

392,702,040 
71,264,200 
11,213,530 

Auctioneers 

Brokers  Cattle 

Brokers.  Commercial  

"24,674,225 
854,063 

'  138,925,56s 

Butchers              .          

Confectioners 

Dealers,  wholesale  

Dealers,  retail  
Dealers,  wholesale  liquor 

Dealers,  retail  liquor  

138,115,790 

Plumbens,  &c  :  

ct 

Net  decrease  of  business  in  '68.  4.04  per 

$12,005,693,100 
505,495,214 

$12,511,188,314 

$12,511,188,314 

$306,785,793 

$812,281,070 

VI.     PUBLIC  DEBT. 

On  the  following  page,  in  the  statement  of  the  Public  Debt  of  the  United 
States,  the  amount  from  1791  to  1842,  is  given  for  January  1 ;  from  1843  to 
1847,  and  for  1853,  1854,  and  from  1857  to  1860,  for  July  1 ;  for  1849  and 
1850,  December  1 ;  1851,  November  20 ;  1852,  December  30 ;  and  from  1861 
to  1869  at  different  dates  as  given  in  the  table  compiled  from  the  Treasury 
statement. 

*  This  amount  includes  all  kinds  of  merchandise,  including  liquors  sold  by  retail  liquor  dealers, 
cigars,  tobacco,  groceries,  &c.  No  official  return  of  the  retail  sales  of  liquors  alone,  is  made  ; 
but  the  following  estimate  is  nearly  accurate.  The  receipts  from  licenses  indicate  that  there 
were  at  least  129,716  retail  liquor  dealers  in  the  United  States,  whose  annual  sales  of  liquors  may 
be  estimated  at  about  $5,OUO  each,  making  the  aggregate  sales  of  liquor  $648,580,000  in  the  year 
ending  June  30, 1868. 


240 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


PUBLIC  DEBT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  FROM  1791  TO  1860. 


1791 $75,463,476.52 

1792 77,227,924.66 

1793 80,352,634.04 

1794 78,427,404.77 

1795 80,747,587.38 

1796 83,762,172.07 

1797 82,064,479.33 

1798 79,228,529.12 

1799 78,408,669.77 

1800 82,976,294.35 

1801 83,038,059.80 

1802 80.712,632.25 

1803 77,054,686.30 

1804 86,427,120.88 

1805 82,312,150.50 

1806 75,723,270.66 

1807 69,218,398.64 

1808 65,196,317.97 

1809 57,023,192.09 

1810 53,173,217.52 

1811 48,005,587.76 

1812 45,209,737.90 

1813 55,962.827.57 

1814 81,487,846.24 


1815 99,833,660.15 

1816 127,334,933.74 

1817 123,491,965.16 

1818 103,466,633.83 

1819 95,529,648.28 

1820 91,015,566.15 

1821 89,987,427.66 

1822 93,546,676.98 

1823 90,875,877.28 

1824 90,269,777.77 

1825 83,788,432.71 

1826 81,054,059.99 

1827 73,987,357.20 

1823 67,475,043.87 

1829 58,421,413.67 

1830 48,565,406.50 

1831 39,123,191.68 

1832 24,322.235.18 

1S33 7,001,032.88 

1834 4,760,081.08 

1835 351,289.05 

1836 291,089.05 

1837 1,878,223.55 


1838..- 4,857,660.46 

1839 11,983,737.53 

1840 5,125,077.63 

1841 6,737,398.00 

1842 15,028,486.37 

1843 27,203,450.69 

1844 24,748,188.23 

1845 17,093,794.80 

1846 16,750.926.33 

1847 38,956.623.38 

1848 48,526,379.37 

1819 64,704,693.71 

1850 64,228.238.37 

1851 62,560,395.26 

1852 65,131,692.13 

1853 67,340,628.78 

1854 47,242,206.05 

1855 39,969,731 .05 

1856 30,983,909.64 

1857 29,060,386.90 

1858 44,910,777.66 

1859 58,754,699.33 

1860 64,769,703.08 


PUBLIC  DEBT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  FROM  1861  TO  1869. 

Since  the  commencement  of  the  war,  the  amount  of  the  Debt  at  different  dates,  and  the 
amount  deducting  cash  in  the  Treasury,  has  been  as  follows : 

Total  Debt.  Debt,  deducting  Cash  in  Treasury. 

July  1,  1861 $90,867,828 $88,498,670 


July  1,  1862 514,211,371 . . 


.502,921,404 


July  1,  1863 1,098,793,181 1,093,464,090 

July  1,  1864 1,740,690,489 1,721,847,934 

July  1,  1865 2,682,593,026 2,757,253,265 


January  1,  1866. 
August  1,  "  . 
November  1,  "  . 
January  1,  1867. 
February  1,  "  . 


March 
April 
May 
June 
August 
Septemberl, 
October  1, 
November  1, 
December  1, 
January  1, 
February  1, 


March 
April 
May 
June 
August 
Septemberl, 
October  1, 
November  1, 
December  1, 
January  1, 


2,810,310,357 2,716,851,536 

2,770,416,608 2,633,099,276 

2,681,636,966 2,551,310,005 

2,675,062,505 2,543,325,172 

2,685,773,539 2,543,349,748 

2,690,587,289 2,530,763,889 

2,663,713,734 2,523,468,070 

2,668,875,098 2,520,786,096 

.2,515,615,937 
.2,511,306,420 
.2,492,783,365 
.2,495,277,446 
.2.491,504,450 
.2,501,205,751 
.2,508,125,650 
.2,527,315,373 
.2,519,829,622 
.2,519,209,687 


'  2,687,040,519 

"  2,666,685,696 

"  2,653,792,189, 

"  2,630,389,456 

"  2,625,502,848 , 

"  2,639,382,572 

18(58 2,642,326,253 

u  2,651,384,686 

"  2,648,207,099 

"  .  ...  2,641, 719,332... 


.  2,639,612,622 2,500,528,827 


2,643, 7 

2,633,588,756. 

2,643,256,285. 

2,644,901,561. 

2,641,002,572. 


1869. 


2,510,245,886 

2,523,534,480 

2,535,614,318 

2,534,643,719 

2.527,129,553 

. . .  .2,645,711,164 2,539,031,844 

. . .  .2,652,583,662 2,540,707,201 


1869.]  FINANCES.  241 

UNITED  STATES  BONDS. 

The  Bonds  of  the  United  States  are  of  different  kinds,  and  have  been  issued  at  different  times 
as  follows : 

Sixes  Of  1881.  Dated  1861,  and  redeemable  in  Twenty  Years  from  January  1st  and  July 
1st  of  that  year.  Interest  six  per  cent,  in  gold,  payable  semi-annually,  January  1st  and  July  1st. 
These  Bonds  were  issued  in  three  series:  Under  Act  February  8,  1861,  $18,415,000;  dated 
variously  in  1861.  Under  Act  July  17  and  August  5,  1861,  $50.000,000 ;  dated  November  16, 1861. 
Under  Act  July  17,  and  August  5,  1861,  in  exchange  for  7-30s,  $139,317.150;  dated  November 
16,  1861.  Under  Act  March  3,  1863,  and  principal  made  especially  payable  in  gold  coin,  $75,000,- 
000 ;  dated  June  15,  1864.  Total  issue,  $282, 732,150. 

Five-Twenties  of  1862.  Commonly  termed  OI/D  Five-Twenties,  dated  May  1, 1862.  Re 
deemable  after  Five  Years,  and  payable  in  Twenty  Years  from  date.  Interest  six  per  cent,  in 
gold,  payable  the  1st  of  May  and  November.  Issued  under  Act  of  February  25, 1862,  $514,771,600. 

Five-Twenties  of  1864.  Dated  November  1, 1864.  Redeemable  after  Five,  and  payable 
in  Twenty  Years.  Interest  six  per  cent,  in  gold,  payable  1st  of  May  and  November.  Issued 
under  Act  March  3.  1864,  (principal  specified  as  payable  in  gold),  $3,882,500.  Issued  under  Act 
of  June  30, 1864.  $125,561,300.  Total  issue.  $129,443,800. 

Five-Twenties  of  1865.  Dated  November  1, 1865.  Redeemable  after  Five,  and  payable 
in  Twenty  Years.  Interest  six  per  cent,  in  gold,  payable  1st  of  May  and  November.  Issued 
under  Act  of  March  3,  1865,  $197,777,250. 

Five-Twenties  of  1865.  Dated  July  1, 1865.  Interest  six  percent,  in  gold,  payable  January 
and  July.  They  are  redeemable  in  Fivs  Years,  and  payable  in  Twenty  Years.  Issued  under  Act 
of  March  3, 1865,  in  exchange  for  7-30  notes  converted,  and  amount  August  1, 1868,  to  $332,928.950. 

Five-Twenties  of  1867.  Dated  July  1,  1867.  Redeemable  in  Five,  and  payable  in 
Twenty  Years.  Interest,  six  per  cent,  in  gold,  payable  1st  of  January  and  July.  Issued  under 
Act  March  3,  1865,  in  exchange  for  7-30  notes,  and  amount  August  1, 1868,  to  $371,346,350. 

Five-Twenties  of  1868.  Dated  July  1, 1868.  Redeemable  in  Five  Years,  and  payable  in 
Twenty  Years.  Interest  six  per  cent,  in  gold,  payable  January  apd  July  1st.  Issued  under  Act 
of  March  3,  1865,  in  exchange  for  7-30  notes,  and  amount  August  1,  1868,  to  $39,000,000. 

Ten-Forties.  Dated  March  1,  1864.  Redeemable  in  Ten,  and  payable  in  Forty  Years.  In 
terest  five  per  cent,  in  gold,  payable  1st  of  March  and  September,  on  all  Registered  Bonds,  and 
on  all  Coupon  Bonds  of  the  denomination  of  $500  and  $1,000.  On  the  $50  and  $100  Bonds,  in 
terest  is  paid  annually,  March  1st.  Issued  under  act  of  March  3,  1863,  and  supplement  March 
3,  1864,  principal  payable  in  gold,  $194.291,500. 

U.  S.  Pacific  Railroad  Currency  Sixes.  Dated  January  16,  1S65,  and  variously  there 
after.  These  Bonds  are  issued  by  the  Government,  under  Acts  of  July  1,  1862,  and  July  2,  1864, 
to  Companies  receiving  their  charter  from  Congress,  which  gives  them  the  right  to  construct 
Railroads  to  and  from  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  on  the  completion  of  each  twenty  miles  of  track, 
to  receive  at  the  rate  of  $16,000,  $22,000  or  $48,000  per  mile,  according  to  the  difficulty  of  con 
structing  the  same.  They  are  payable  thirty  years  from  date  of  issue,  and  are  registered  in 
Bonds  of  $1,000,  $5,000  and  $10,000.  Amount  issued  up  to  January  1,  1869,  $50,097,000.  All  of 
the  Government  Bonds  are  issued  "Coupon"  or  "Registered."  Coupon  Bonds  can  be  changed 
into  Registered  Bonds,  but  Registered  Bonds  cannot  be  changed  into  Coupons.  Coupon  Bonds 
are  in  denominations  of  $50,  $100,  $500,  and  $1,000  ;  the  Registered  Bonds  tho  same,  with  ad 
dition  of  $5,000  and  $10,000. 

LEGAL  TENDER  NOTES. 

Amount  of  Legal  Tender  Notes  outstanding  at  different  dates  since  the  beginning  of  June,  1865 : 

June  1,  1865 $659.160,569  December  1,  1866 $532,823,929 

September  1,     "     684,138,959  January      1,   1867 525,398,682 

October      1,     u     678,126,948  April  1,     "     , ..514,445,879 

December  1,    "     620,290,438  May  1,     "     509,022,127 

January      1,  1866 614,780,430  June  1,     "     503,239,997 

February    1,     "     612,451,264  August        1,     "     477,494,274 

March         1,     "     605,984,414  September  1,     "     ...  456,877,174 

April  1,     "     603,298,293  October       1,     "     447,487,524 

May  1,    "     568,213,359  November  1,     "     429,039,884 

June  1,    "     564,140,458  December  1,     "     425,527,523- 

August        1,     "    566,873,868  June  1,  1868 385,761,462 

September  1,     "     555,115,732  September  1,     "     371,649,973 

October       1,     "     554,677,432  June  1,1868,  3  per  cent,  certificates..  50,000,000 

November  1,     "     538,707,925  Sept.  1,     "     3  per  cent,  certificates..  62,205,000 ; 

16 


242 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


VII.     NATIONAL  BANKS. 

TABLE  EXHIBITING  THE  NUMBER  OP  BANKS,  with  the  amount  of  capital,  bonds  deposited,  and 
circulation  in  each  State  and  Territory,  September  30,  1868. 


States  and  Territories. 

ORG 

Organ- 
ized. 

ANIZAl 

Closed 
closing. 

ION. 

In  opera- 

Capital  paid  in. 

Bonds  on  deposit. 

Circulation 
issued. 

In  actual  circu 
lation. 

Maine                 

61 
40 
40 
209 
62 
83 
314 
55 
205 
32 
11 
6 
20 
15 
137 
71 
83 
43 
37 
48 
16 
5 
20 
15 
13 
3 
2 
4 
3 
9 
6 
3 
3 
1 
1 
4 
2 
1 
1 
1 

"'2' 
""2 

15 
1 

8 

61 
40 
40 
207 
62 
81 
299 
54 
197 
32 
11 
4 
18 
15 

las 

(58 
83 
42 
34 
44 
15 
5 
18 
15 
12 
2 

$9,085,000.00 
4,785,000.00 
6,560,012.50 
80,032,000.00 
20,364,800.00 
24,684,220.00 
116,544,941.00 
11,583,350.00 
50.247,390.00 
12,790,202.50 
1,428,185.00 
1,550,000.00 
2,500,000.00 
2,216,400.00 
22,404,700.00 
12,867,000.00 
12,070,000.00 
5,210,010.00 
2,960,000.00 
'     4,057,000.00 
1,710,000.00 
400,000.00 
7,810,300.00 
2,885.000.00 
2,025,300.00 
1,800,000.00 
150,000.00 
350,000.00 
350,000.00 
1,600,000.00 
653,300.00 
685,000.00 
500,000.00 
155,000.00 
100,000.00 
525,000.00 
200,000.00 
150,000.00 
100,000.00 
100,000.00 

$8,407,250 

4,839,000 
6,517,000 
64,718,400 
14,185,600 
19,768,000 
79,442,500 
10,678,050 
44,303,350 
10,065,750 
1,348,300 
1,398,000 
2,429,800 
2,243,250 
20,763,800 
12,532,500 
11,047,950 
4,357,700 
2,768,050 
3,763,750 
1,712,200 
382,000 
4,724,050 
2,665,900 
1,492,700 
1,308,000 
75,000 
235,000 
297,000 
1,383,500 
399.500 
204,000 
370,500 
155,000 
100,000 
472,100 
200,000 
150,000 
40,000 
75,000 

$7.569,166 
4,328.195 
5,802,960 
58.5(11  ,030 
12,67(1,630 
17,800,625 
73,828.505 
9,520,485 
39,940.700 
9,150,800 
1,217,225 
1,278,000 
2,157,930 
2,020,350 
18,667.750 
11.1(19.055 
9,777.650 
3,872,955 
2,583,950 
3,349,805 
1,501,900 
354,600 
4,305,550 
2,367,270 
1,270.220 
1,245,000 
66,000 
170,000 
254,500 
1,235,400 
317,600 
153,000 
353,025 
131,700 
88,500 
417,635 
179,500 
135,500 
36.000 
63,500 

$7,510,066 

4,281,695 
5,737,560 
57,084,  040 
12,491,480 
17,443,793 
68,853,726 
9,397,985 
38,772,102 
8,904,800 
1,198,825 
1,137,700 
2,146,670 
1,988,550 
18,410,425 
11,018,735 
9,648,150 
3,826,455 
2,541,410 
3,252,228 
1,476,800 
341,000 
4,129,310 
2,338.620 
1,204,755 
1,131,415 
64,035 
170,000 
254,000 
1,234.000 
316,000 
135,000 
304,900 
131,700 
88,500 
407,535 
179.500 
135,000 
36,000 
63,500 

New  Hampshire  
Vermont  
Massachusetts  
Rhode  Island  
Connecticut 

New  York  
New  Jersey.  
Pennsylvania 

Maryland  
Delaware  
District  of  Columbia. 
Virginia 

"'2' 
2 
...„ 

3 

i 

3 
4 
1 

'"2 

"'i' 
1 

2 

West  Virginia  
Ohio                      

Illinois 

Michigan               .     .  . 

Iowa             

Minnesota 

Kansas  
Missouri              

Kentucky 

Tennessee  
Louisiana             .... 

Mississippi 

Nebraska  
Colorado 

4 
3 

8 
6 
3 
2 
1 
1 
4 
2 
1 
1 
1 

"'i' 
..... 

Georgia  
North  Carolina  
South  Carolina  
Alabama  
Nevada               

Oregon 

Texas 

Arkansas               

Utah  

Montana  
Idaho 

Total  

1,685 

56 

1,629 

$426,189,111.00 

$342,019,950 

$309,915,166!  $299,806,565 

NATIONAL  BANK  NOTES. 

The  amount  of  National  Bank  Notes  in  circulation  at  various  periods  since 
June  1865,  was  as  follows  : 


June          10,  1865 $137,772,705  June          10, 

July  10,     "     149,093,665  September  1, 

Septembers,    "     177,487,220  October      1, 

October       6,     "     194,182,630  November  1, 

Novembers,     "     207,212,930  December  1, 

December  3,    "     225,482,825  April 

January      7,  1866 240,094,565  August 

February    4,    "     251,360,050  November  1, 

March         4,    "     258,432,790  December  7, 

April  1,    "     264,247,170  October      1, 


1866 $278,905,675 

"     289,915,929 

"     293,032,000 

"     295,354,854 

"     293,613,519 

1,  1867 298,856,734 

31,     "     ...299,043,841 

299,235,790 

299,723,146 

299,806,565 


1869.] 


FINANCES. 


243 


STATEMENT,  showing  the  amount  and  rate  of  Taxation  (United  States  and  State),  of  the  Na 
tional  Banking  Associations,  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  1867. 


States  and  Territories. 

Capital. 

Amount  of  taxes 
paid  to  U.  S. 

Rate  per  ct.  of  United 
States  taxation. 

Amount  of  taxes 
paid  to  and  as 
sessed  by   State 
authorities. 

Rate  per  ct.  of  State 
taxation. 

Total  am't  of  Taxes 
paid  to  the  United 
States  and  State 
authorities 

Rate  per  ct.  of  United 
States  and  State  tax 
ation  on  capital. 

Maine  
New  Hampshire  
Vermont  
Massachusetts  
Rhode  Island  
Connecticut 

$9,085,000.00 
4,735,000.00 
6,510,012.50 
79,932,000.00 
20,364,800.00 
24,584.220.00 
116,464,941.00 
11,888,850.00 
50,277,795.00 
12,590,202.50 
1,428,185.00 
1,350,000.00 
2.500,000.00 
2,216,400.00 
22,404,700.00 
12,867,000.00 
11,620.000.00 
5,070,010.00 
2,935,000.00 
3,992,000.00 
1,660,000.00 
400.000.00 
7,559.300.00 
2,885.000.00 
2,100,000.00 
1,300,000.00 
250,000.00 
350.000.00 
1,700,000.00 
583,300.00 
500,000.00 
100,000.00 
576,450.00 
200.000.00 
150,000.00 
100,000.00 
100,000.00 

$180,119.00     .02 

88,772.90    .019 
122,213.57   .019 
1,616,824.50    .0202 

$141,225.64 

93,178.83 
144,163.50 
1,562,128.10 

.015 
.019 
.022 
.02 

$321,344.64 
181,951.73 
266,377.07 
3,178.!»52.60 
520,199.57 
821.586.61 
7,081.368.27 
496,4<>:>.  59 
1,520,305.44 
426,315.36 
33,881.29 
18,615.39 
62,270.47 
98,423.72 
1,0,35.632.66 
479,169.89 
553,323.24 
179,850.97 
138,594.76 
194,630.61 
68,654.63 
18,030.31 
322,389.46 
77.282.78 
80,434.62 
55.9:35.86 
17,749.06 
11,316.72 
46,895.21 
14,198.02 
12,592.01 
1,623.86 
9.014.70 
7.093.37 
2,984.42 
1,397.31 
1.884.01 

$18.338,734.23 

.035 
.038 
.041 
.0402 
.025 
.033 
.0609 
.042 
.0302 
.0337 
.0236 
.0161 
.0248 
.044 
.0461 
.0371 
.0476 
.0:354 
.0471 
.0487 
.033 
.045 
.034 
.027 
.041 
.043 
.0709 
.0324 
.0293 
.024 
.027 
.024 
.0156 
.0355 
.0198 
.0139 
.0187 

324,844.25 
434,440.,35 
3,022,662.16 
253,359.31 
1,242.037.40 
260,261.25 
22,620.68 
15,329.45 
48,344.81 
46,966.34 
514,661.46 
278,797.60 
321,406.24 
111,789.50 
76,583.25 
106,349.34 
39,132.43 
10,229.23 
133.141.77 
59,816.01 
52,459.82 
35,894.28 
10,734.67 
9,701.72 
40,&44.75 
9,048.71 
8,762.52 
1,623.86 
6,865.36 
5,745.38 
1,887.42 
837.31 
478.65 

.015 
.017 
.0261 
.022 
.0247 
.0209 
.0228 

.oi&3 

.0193 
.021 
.0229 
.0216 
.0276 
.022 
.026 
.0266 
.02 
.025 
.014 
.021 
.027 
.0276 
.0429 
.0277 
.025 
.0154 
.0175 
.024 
.0119 
.0287 
.0125 
.0083 
.0047 

195,355.32 
387.146.26 
4,058.706.11 
223,106.28 
278,268.04 
166,054.11 
1,260.61 
3,285.94 
13,925.66 
51,457.38 
520,951.20 
200,373.29 
231.917.00 
68,061.41 
62,011.51 
88,281.27 
29,522.20 
7.801.08 
189,247.69 
17.466.77 
27,974.80 
20,041.58 
7,014.39 
1,615.00 
6,050.46 
5,144.81 
3,829.49 

.01 
.016 
.0348 
.02 
.005 
.0131 
.0008 
.0028 
.0055 
.023 
.0232 
.0155 
.02 
.0134 
.021 
.0221 
.013 
.02 
.02 
.006 
.014 
.0154 
.028 
.0046 
.004 
.0088 
.0095 

New  York  

New  Jersey  
Pennsylvania 

Maryland  
Delaware  
Dist.  of  Columbia... 
Virginia  
West  Virginia  
Ohio 

Indiana  

Illinois  
Michigan 

Wisconsin  
Iowa 

Minnesota 

Kansas  
Missouri 

Kentucky 

Tennessee    

Louisiana  

Nebraska  
Colorado 

Georgia  
North  Carolina  
Alabama 

Oregon  
Texas 

2,149.34 
1.350.99 
1,097.00 
560.00 
1,405.36 

.0037 
.0068 
.0073 
.0056 
.014 

Arkansas 

Utah    

Montana 

Idaho  

Total  

$422.804,666.00  $9,525,607.31 

2i 

$8.813.126.92 

2.082 

4.332 

LEGAL  TENDER  NOTES  ISSUED, 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  number 
deemed,  and  outstanding  October  5,  1868 : 

Notes. 

Ones— Issued 8.896.576 

Redeemed 254,754 

Outstanding ^641,822 

Twos— Issued 2,978,160 

Redeemed 73,176 

Outstanding 279047984 

Fives— Issued 23,106.728 

Redeemed 482,132 

Outstanding 722,624,596 

Tens— Issued 7,915,914 

Redeemed 142,359 

Outstanding 77773,555 

Twenties— Issued 2,219,322 

Redeemed 36,355 

Outstanding 2,182,967 

Fifties— Issued 355,181 

Redeemed 17,256 

Outstanding 337,925 


$5,809,968 
$115,533,640 


_ 

$113,122,980 

$79,159,140 

1,423,590 

$77,7357550 

$44,386,440 

727,100 

$43,659,1340 

$17,759,050 


REDEEMED  AND  OUTSTANDING. 

and  amount  of  Legal  Tender  Notes  issued,  re- 
Notes.  Amount. 

One  Hundreds— Issued . .  .267.350  $26,735,000 

Redeemed 15,583  1,558,300 

Outstanding .251,767  $25,176,700 

Five  Hundreds— Issued. . .  .13,486  $6,743,000 

Redeemed _Vr59  879,500 

Outstanding 11,727  $5,863,500 

One  Thousands— Issued  . .  4.746  $4,746,000 

Redeemed -Jti&IS  1,846,000 

Outstanding 727900  $2,900,000 

Total  of  all  denominations  out 
standing  on  the  first  Monday 

of  October,  1868 $299,806,110 

Add  for  fragments  of  notes  out 
standing  lost  or  destroyed, 
portions  of  which  have  been 
redeemed 455 

Total $299,806,565 


$16,896,250 


244 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


TABLE  of  the  state  of  the  Lawful  Money  Reserve  in  the  National  Banks,  in  the  States  and  Ter 
ritories,  for  quarter  ending  on  the  first  Monday  in  October,  1868. 


States  and  Territories. 

| 

•8  » 

f! 

Liabilities  to  be  protect 
ed  by  a  reserve  of 
fifteen  per  cent,  of  the 
amount. 

Amount  required  &3  re 
serve. 

Amount  of  available  re 
serve. 

Percentage  of 
available  reserve 
to  liabilities. 

Maine  
New  Hampshire  
Vermont  

61 

40 
40 

$13,150,366 
6.650,149 
8,414,888 

$1,972,555 
997,522 
1,262,151 

$2,986,134 

1,703,947 
1,776,830 

22  7-10 
22  6-10 
21  1-10 

Massachusetts  
Rhode  Island  

161 
62 

55,073,216 
19,240,527 

8,260,381 
2,886,079 

12,771,975 
4,018,490 

23  2-10 
20  9-10 

Connecticut 

81 

30,295,938 

4,641,391 

6  493  552 

21  4-10 

New  York  
New  Jersey  
Pennsylvania 

240 
55 
152 

78,352,552 

24,164,877 
46,019,990 

11,752,883 
3,624,732 

6,902,9.88 

17,617,509 
5,915,133 
10,885  927 

22  5-10 
24  5-10 
22  8-10 

Delaware  
Maryland 

11 
19 

2,778,110 

4,332,889 

416,717 
649,926 

656,289 
1,046,005 

23  0-10 
24  2-10 

District  of  Columbia  
Virginia  
West  Virginia 

1 

19 
15 

139,770 
5,955.449 
4,676,224 

20,958 
893,322 
701,434 

29,029 
1,145,450 

928,607 

20  8-10 
19  3-10 
19  9-10 

North  Carolina  

6 

1,433,229 

214,989 

334.029 

23  3-10 

South  Carolina  
Georgia 

3 

8 

1,352,111 
3,624,662 

202,820 
542.701 

427,156 
1,382,114 

31  G-10 
38  1-10 

Alabama  

2 

588,776 

88,310 

204,181 

34  7-10 

Mississippi. 

1 

40,500 

6,075 

18,109 

44  7-10 

Texas 

4 

1,262,915 

189,422 

502  121 

39  8-10 

Arkansas  
Kentucky 

2 
11 

751,968 
2,812,531 

112,750 

421,890 

126,246 
651,818 

10  8-10 
23  2-10 

Tennessee  
Ohio              .          

12 
123 

4,559,839 
30,331,143 

683,977 
4,549,671 

975,945 
,411,381 

21  4-10 
21  1-10 

Indiana 

70 

19.496,571 

2,924,486 

4,042,055 

20  7-10 

Illinois     

70 

•15,468,811 

2,320,322 

3,802,781 

24  6-10 

Michigan              

38 

7,164,969 

1,079,245 

1,794,005 

24  9-10 

Wisconsin 

31 

4,934,557 

740,184 

1,140,247 

22  1-10 

Iowa       

44 

9,987,718 

1,498,158 

2,186,996 

21  9-10 

Minnesota  .        .        

15 

3,816,459 

572,469 

897,639 

23  5-10 

Missouri 

10 

2,724,280 

408,652 

691  212 

25  4-10 

Kansas        

3 

502,856 

84,428 

160,301 

28  5-10 

Nebraska                  ...   . 

4 

2,514,649 

377,197 

1,269,833 

50  5-10 

Nevada 

1 

253,637 

38,005 

80,921 

31  9-10 

Oregon    

1 

261,812 

32,271 

78,777 

30  1-10 

Colorado 

3 

1,127,886 

169,183 

382,093 

as  9-io 

Montana 

1 

136,894 

20,534 

56,311 

41  1-10 

Utah... 
Idaho 

1 
1 

212,019 
82,031 

31,803 
12,305 

35,4:33 
25,235 

16  7-10 
30  8-10 

Total  

1,422 

$414,776.428 

$62.216,475 

$95,252.448 

22  9-10 

STATEMENT  OF  THE  PUBLIC  DEBT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  JAN.  1,  1869. 


DEBT  BEARING  COIN  INTEREST. 

Five  per  cent,  bonds $221,589,300.00 

Six  per  cent,  bonds  of  1881 . . .      283,677,400.00 

Six  per  cent.  5-20  bonds 1,602,568,650.00 

Total $2,107,835,350.00 

DEBT  BEARING  CURRENCY  INTEREST. 

Certificates  at  three  per  cent..      $55,865,000.00 

Navy  pension  fund  at  3  per  ct.        14,000.000.00 

Total $69,805,000.00 

MATURED  DEBT  NOT    PRESENTED   FOR  PAYJl'T. 

Three   years   7-30  notes  due 
Aug.  15,  1867,  and  June  and 


Compound  interest  notes  
Bonds,  Texas  indemnity  
Treasury  notes,  act  of  July  17 
1861,  and  prior  thereto  
Bonds  April  15,  1842,  Jan.  28 
1847,  and  March  31,  18-18.  .  . 

8,878,290.00 

256,000.00 

148,561.64 
349,950.00 

Treasury  notes,  March  3, 1863.  445,492.00 

Temporary  loan 197,310.00 

Certificate's  of  indebtedness..  13,000.00 


Total $7,463,403.64 

DEBT  BEARING  NO  INTEREST. 

United  States  notes $356,021,073.00 

Fractional  currency 34.215,715.64 

Gold  certificates  of  deposit. . .  27,036,020.00 
Six  p.  ct.  lawful  money,  bonds 

issued  to  Pacific  R.  R.  Co. . .  50,097,000.00 

Total $4"67,8(iO,'808Jf;3 

Total  debt $2,652^583~662".28 

AMOUNT  IN  THE  TREASURY. 

Coin $98,763,368.91 

Currency 13.063,092.12 

Total $111,826,461.03 

Amount  of  debt  less  cash  in 
Treasury $2,540,707.201.25 


FINANCES. 


245 


VIII.     DEBTS  OP  THE  SEVERAL  STATES. 

TABLE  showing  the  Debts  of  the  several  States  before  the  war  (1860-61),  at 
its  close  (1865-66),  and  in  the  respective  years  1867  and  1868.  [Obtained 
chiefly  from  official  sources,  and  prepared  for  this  work  by  EDWARD 
YOUNG]. 


STATES. 

In  1860-61. 

In  1865-66. 

In  1867. 

In  1868. 

Maine  
New  Hampshire 

$699.500 
31  669 

$5,164,500 
4  002  070 

$5,090,500 
3  747  777 

$5,053,500 
3  487  412 

Vermont  
(a).  Massachusetts  
Ehode  Island  
Connecticut  
(6)   New  York 

none. 
7,132,027 
none, 
none. 
34  182  976 

1,650,000 
23,047,873 
4,000,000 
10,400.000 
49  688  540 

1,395,000 
27,638,918 
3,538,500 
8,422,400 
48  367  682 

l^OOO 
27,553,935 
3,141,500 
8.1:35,500 
44  ()(J8  780 

New  Jersey  

104,000 

3,018,800 

2,253,547 

2.219  697 

Pennsylvania  
Delaware 

37,964,602 
none. 

37,471,663 

34,766,431 
1  242000 

32,799,786 

(c).  Maryland  

10,891,802 

Ohio 

14  250  173 

13  060  582 

11  031  945 

10  529  675 

Indiana  ,  

7,770,233 

8,687,960 

4,023,821 

3  101  587 

Michigan    

2,388,843 

3,979,921 

3,901,243 

3  651  078 

Illinois 

10  277  161 

11  178  564 

7  581  316 

5  909  603 

Wisconsin  

100,000 

2,692,467 

2,279,057 

2252000 

Minnesota 

250,000 

350000 

450  000 

395  000 

Iowa  

200,000 

500,000 

386,000 

300000 

(d)  Missouri      .  ,   

24,734,000 

37,000,000 

26,000,000 

20  557  000 

Kansas  

150,000 

452,975 

819,975 

974,882 

(e).  Kentucky  
California 

4,729,234 

5,254.346 
5,290640 

4,611.199 
5  126  500 

3,619,191 
4  695  500 

Oregon  

55,372 

218,574 

230  045 

*    Virginia          

33,248,141 

45,119,741 

North  Carolina  

9,129,505 

11,433,000 

South  Carolina  
(f)  Georgia 

3,691,574 
2,670,750 

5,205,227 
5,706  500 

8,378,255 
6  000  000 



*    Florida 

383  000 

638863 

*    Alabama      

5,048,000 

6,304,972 

Mississippi  . 

none 

200  000 

Louisiana  
*    Texas. 

10,023,903 

13,357,999 
2,320,360 

12,391,7:36 

Arkansas 

3  092  622 

3  252  401 

4  205  9(55 

4  577  081 

Tennessee  

16,643,666 

25,277,347 

36.000,000 

NOTE.— West  Virginia  and  Nebraska  have  no  debt ;  Kentucky,  Iowa,  and  Minnesota  vir 
tually  none. 

(a).  Deducting  the  present  market  value  of  the  resources  of  this  State  ($13,685,263),  the  debt 
is  reduced  to  $13,868,672. 

(5).  Deducting  the  balance  in  sinking  funds,  the  debt  is  reduced  to  $38,864,449. 

(c).  This  State  holds  productive  property  and  a  sinking  fund,  aggregating  over  $9,500,000— 
nearly  sufficient  to  cover  the  amount  of  the  State  debt. 

(d).  Deducting  the  amount  of  bonds  loaned  to  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad  Co.  ($3,000,- 
000),  the  aggregate  debt  is  reduced  to  $17,557,000. 

(<?).  The  resources  of  this  State  are  more  than  sufficient  to  meet  her  obligations,  and  practi 
cally  she  has  no  debt. 

(/).  The  treasurer  reported  the  debt,  July  1, 1867,  at  about  $6,000,000,  and  the  State  assets 
over  all  liabilities,  $5,751,965. 

*  The  debts  of  these  States,  as  here  given,  were  obtained  from  unofficial  sources. 

NOTE.— A  discrepancy  sometimes  occurs  between  the  amount  of  debt  as  given  elsewhere 
under  each  state,  and  the  amount  in  the  above  table.  The  difference  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
these  amounts  were  taken  at  different  dates. 


24G  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

TITLES  AND  ABSTRACTS  OF  THE  PUBLIC  LAWS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

PASSED   AT   THE   SECOND   SESSION   OF   THE   FORTIETH   CONGKES9. 

No.  1.— An  Act  granting  a  certain  right  of  way  to  the  Hudson  River  West  Shore  Railroad 
Company.  December  14,  1867. 

No.  2. — To  provide  for  changing  the  names  of  persons  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  Decem 
ber  20,  1867. 

No.  3. — To  prevent  frauds  in  the  collection  of  the  tax  on  distilled  spirits.  Provides,  that  from 
and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  no  distilled  spirits  shall  be  withdrawn  or  removed  from  any 
warehouse  for  the  purpose  of  transportation,  redistillation,  rectification,  change  of  package, 
exportation,  or  for  any  other  purpose  whatever,  until  the  full  tax  on  such  spirits  shall  have 
been  duly  paid  to  the  collector  of  the  proper  district.  January  11,  1868. 

No.  4.— Provides,  that  all  cotton  grown  in  the  United  States  after  the  year  1867,  shall  be  ex 
empt  from  internal  tax  ;  and  cotton  imported  from  foreign  countries  on  and  after  Nov.  1,  1868, 
shall  be  exempt  from  duty.  February  3,  1868. 

No.  5.— To  suspend  further  reduction  of  the  currency.  Provides,  that  from  and  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  the  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  make  any  reduction 
of  the  currency,  by  retiring  or  canceling  United  States  notes,  shall  be,  and  is  hereby,  suspended. 
(Not  having  been  returned  by  the  President  to  the  house  of  Congress  in  which  it  originated, 
within  the  time  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  became  a  law  without 
his  approval.) 

No.  6.— In  relation  to  taxing  shares  in  National  Banks.    February  10, 1868. 

No.  7. — Making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the  execution 
of  the  reconstruction  laws,  and  for  the  service  of  the  quartermasters  department  of  the  gov 
ernment,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1868,  and  for  other  purposes  ;  appropriates  for  re 
construction,  $657,000 ;  quartermaster,  $12,000,000;  small  items,  $10,000;  legislative  deficien 
cies  (restricts  each  Senator  and  Representative  to  $125  per  session  for  newspapers,  except  Con 
gressional  Globe),  $167,648.44  ;  judiciary,  $4,355.77  ;  education,  $192;  whole  amount  in  this  act, 
$12.837,196.21,  and  prohibits  the  transfer  of  appropriations.  (Not  having  been  returned  by  the 
President  within  the  time  prescribed,  it  became  a  law  without  his  approval). 

No.  8.— To  facilitate  the  collection  of  the  direct  tax  in  the  State  of  Delaware.     Feb.  21, 1868. 

No.  9. — Authorizing  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad  Company  to  construct  and  maintain  a 
bridge  across  the  Mississippi  river,  and  establish  a  post  route.  February  21,  1868. 

No.  10. — In  relation  to  additional  bounty.  Provides,  that  bounties  be  paid  to  heirs  named, 
and  to  none  other.  February  21,  1868. 

No.  11. — For  the  protection  in  certain  cases  of  persons  making  disclosures  as  parties,  or  tes 
tifying  as  witnesses.  February  25,  1868. 

No.  12. — Establishing  and  declaring  the  railroad  and  bridge  of  the  New  Orleans,  Mobile,  and 
Chattanooga  Company,  as  hereafter  constructed,  a  post  road,  and  for  other  purposes.  March 
2, 1868. 

No.  13. — Extending  the  time  for  the  completion  of  the  Dubuque  and  Sioux  City  railroad  to 
January  1,  1872.  March  2, 1868. 

No.  14.— In  relation  to  islands  in  the  Great  Miami  river.    March  2, 1868. 

No.  15.— Authorizing  the  sale  of  an  unoccupied  military  site  at  Waterford,  Pennsylvania. 
March  4,  1868. 

No.  16.— Restores  to  market  lands  along  the  Pacific  railroads  and  branches,  provided  that  such 
sections  shall  be  rated  at  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  acre,  and  subject  only  to  entry  under 
those  laws  ;  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  be,  and  is  hereby,  authorized  and  directed  to  re 
store  to  homestead  settlement,  pre-emption,  or  entry,  according  to  existing  laws,  all  the  even- 
numbered  sections  of  land  belonging  to  the  government,  and  now  withdrawn  from  market,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Pacific  railroad  and  branches  wherever  said  road  and  branches  have  been  defi 
nitely  located.  March  6,  1868. 

No.  17.— For  the  relief  of  settlers  on  the  late  Sioux  Indian  reservation  in  the  State  of  Minne 
sota.  March  6,  1868. 

No.  18. — In  relation  to  the  promulgation  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States.    March  9, 1868. 

No.  19. — For  the  temporary  relief  of  destitute  people  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  appropri 
ates  $15,000.  March  10, 1868. 

No.  20.— To  amend  the  reconstruction  act  passed  March  23,  1867,  and  provides  that  hereafter 
any  election  authorized  by  said  act  shall  be  decided  by  a  majority  of  the  votes  actually  cast. 
(Not  having  been  returned  by  the  President,  within  the  time  prescribed,  it  became  a  law  with 
out  his  approval). 


1869.]  TITLES  AND  ABSTRACTS  OF  PUBLIC  LAWS.  247 

No.  21.— To  revive  an  act  to  constitute  Hannibal,  Missouri ;  and  Peoria,  Illinois,  ports  of 
delivery. 

No.  22.— Providing  for  holding  a  circuit  court  at  Erie,  Pa.    March  12, 1868. 

No.  23.— To  facilitate  the  settlement  of  paymasters'  accounts.    March  16,  1868. 

No.  24. — Military  Academy  appropriations ;  total,  $277,512.  Hereafter  there  will  be  only  seven 
official  visitors.  No  part  of  the  money  shall  be  applied  to  the  pay  or  subsistence  of  any  cadet 
from  any  State  declared  to  be  in  rebellion  against  the  government  of  the  United  States,  ap 
pointed  after  the  first  day  of  January,  1868,  until  such  State  shall  have  been  returned  to  its 
original  relations  to  the  Union.  (Not  having  been  returned  by  the  President  within  the  time 
prescribed,  it  became  a  law  without  his  approval.) 

No.  25. — Provides  fifty  more  clerks,  and  other  facilities  for  determining  and  paying  off  sol 
diers'  bounties  under  act  of  1866.  March  19,  1868. 

No.  26. — Amending  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  amend  the  judiciary  act,  passed  Sept.  24,1789." 
Allows  any  revenue  officer  to  appeal  from  Circuit  Court  judgments  to  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  without  regard  to  amount  involved.  (Vetoed  by  the  President,  and  passed  by  Congress 
over  the  veto). 

No.  27. — To  establish  certain  post  roads.    March  30, 1868. 

No.  28.— Amending  an  act  entitled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for  the  prompt  settlement  of  public 
accounts,"  approved  March  3,  1817.  March  30,  1868. 

No.  29.— Making  appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  Post  Office  Department  during  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1869.  Principal  items  :  inland  mail  transportation,  $10,526,000  ;  for 
eign  transportation.  $420,000 ;  pay  of  postmasters,  $4,250,000;  clerks,  $2,000,000  ;  letter  carriers, 
$750,000 ;  stamps  and  envelopes,  $450,000 ;  special  agents,  $100,000 ;  bags,  locks,  and  stamps, 
$145,000 ;  balances  to  foreign  countries,  $350,000 ;  rent,  light,  fuel,  &c.,  $375,000 ;  China  steam 
ers,  $500,000 ;  Brazil  steamers,  $150,000 ;  Sandwich  Islands,  $75,000 ;  the  whole  appropriation 
is  $19,969,000.  March  30, 186-8. 

No.  30. — Making  appropriations  for  the  consular  and  diplomatic  expenses  of  the  government 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1869,  and  for  other  purposes.  Total,  $1,159,850,  besides  $55,584  in 
gold  for  Scheldt  dues,  and  as  much  more  as  necessary  to  carry  out  the  treaty.  If  an  army  or 
navy  officer  accepts  a  diplomatic  or  consular  office,  he  thereby  resigns  his  place  in  the  army  or 
navy.  The  act  of  July  4, 1864,  to  encourage  immigration,  is  repealed.  March  30,  1868. 

No.  31.— Exempting  certain  manufactures  from  internal  tax,  and  for  other  purposes.  Repeals 
sections  94  and  95  of  "An  Act  to  provide  internal  revenue  to  support  the  government,  to  pay 
interest  on  the  public  debt,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  June  30, 1864,  and  all  acts  and 
parts  of  acts  amendatory  of  said  sections,  except  only  so  much  of  the  said  sections  and  amend 
ments  thereto  as  relates  to  the  taxes  imposed  thereby  on  gas  made  of  coal  wholly  or  in  part,  or 
of  any  other  material ;  on  illuminating,  lubricating,  or  other  mineral  oils  or  articles  the  pro 
ducts  of  the  distillation,  redistillation,  or  refining  of  crude  petroleum,  or  of  a  single  distillation 
of  coal,  shale,  peat,  asphaltum,  or  other  bituminous  substances,  on  wines  therein  described, 
and  on  snuff  and  all  the  other  manufactures  of  tobacco,  including  cigarettes,  cigars  and 
cheroots  :  Provided,  That  the  products  of  petroleum  and  bituminous  substances  hereinbefore 
mentioned,  except  illuminating  gas,  shall,  from  and  a/ter  the  passage  of  this  act,  be  taxed  at 
one-half  the  rates  fixed  by  the  said  section  94,  and  provides  that  after  June  1, 1868.  no  drawback 
of  internal  taxes  paid  on  manufactures  shall  be  allowed  on  the  exportation  of  any  article  of 
domestic  manufacture,  on  which  there  is  no  internal  tax  at  the  time  of  exportation  ;  nor  shall 
such  drawback  be  allowed  in  any  case  unless  it  shall  be  proved  by  sworn  evidence  in  writing, 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Commissioners  of  Internal  Revenue,  that  the  tax  had  been  paid,  and 
that  such  articles  of  manufacture  were,  prior  to  April  1,  1868,  actually  purchased  or  actually 
manufactured  and  contracted  for,  to  be  delivered  for  such  exportation,  and  that  every  person, 
firm,  or  corporation,  who  shall  manufacture  by  hand  or  machinery,  any  goods,  wares,  or  mer 
chandise,  breadstuff1!?  and  unmanufactured  lumber  excepted,  not  otherwise  specifically  taxed  as 
such,  or  who  shall  be  engaged  in  the  manufacture  or  preparation  for  sale  of  any  articles  or  com 
pounds,  not  otherwise  specifically  taxed,  or  shall  put  up  for  sale  in  packages  with  his  own  name 
or  trade  mark  thereon,  any  articles  or  compound  not  otherwise  specifically  taxed,  and  whose 
annual  sales  exceed  five  thousand  dollars,  shall  pay  for  every  additional  thousand  dollars  in  ex 
cess  of  $5,000,  two  dollars,  and  the  amount  of  sales  in  excess  of  the  rate  of  $5,000  per  annum 
shall  be  returned  quarter-yearly  to  the  assistant  assessor,  and  the  tax  on  the  excess  of  $5,000 
shall  be  assessed  by  the  assessor  and  paid  quarter-yearly  in  the  months  of  January,  April,  July, 
and  October  of  each  year ;  and,  that  every  person  engaged  in  carrying  on  the  business  of  a  dis 
tiller  who  shall  defraud  or  attempt  to  defraud  the  United  States  of  the  tax  on  the  spirits  dis 
tilled  by  him,  or  any  part  thereof,  shall  forfeit  the  distillery  and  distilling  apparatus  used  by 


248  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

him,  and  all  distilled  spirits,  and  all  raw  materials  for  the  production  of  distilled  spirits  found 
in  the  distillery  and  on  the  distillery  premises,  and  shall  on  conviction,  he  fined  not  less  than 
$500  nor  more  than  $5,000.  and  he  imprisoned  not  less  than  six  months,  nor  more  than  five  years  ; 
and  that  if  any  officer  or  agent  appointed  and  acting  under  the  authority  of  any  revenue  law  of 
the  United  States  shall  he  guilty  of  gross  neglect  in  the  discharge  of  any  of  the  duties  of  his 
office,  or  shall  conspire  or  collude  with  any  other  person  to  defraud  the  United  States,  &c.,  he 
Bhall,  on  conviction,  be  fined  $1,000-5,000,  and  be  imprisoned  not  less  than  six  months,  nor 
more  than  three  years.  March  31,  1868. 

No.  32. — Making  appropriations  for  the  expenses  of  the  trial  of  the  impeachment  of  Andrew 
Johnson,  $10,000,  and  other  contingent  expenses  of  the  Senate  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 
1868,  $72,000.  Total,  $82,000.  May  19,  1868. 

No.  33. — Granting  the  right  of  way  to  the  Whitehall  and  Plattsburgh  Railroad  Company. 
May  20, 1868. 

No.  34.— To  extend  the  charter  of  Washington  City,  also  to  regulate  the  election  of  officers, 
and  for  other  purposes.  (Not  having  been  returned  by  the  President  within  the  time  prescribed, 
it  became  a  law  without  his  approval). 

No.  35. — Making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the  execution 
of  the  reconstruction  laws  in  the  third  military  district,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1868. 
(Not  having  been  returned  by  the  President  within  the  time  specified,  it  became  a  law  without 
his  approval) . 

No.  36. — Declaring  St.  George,  Boothbay,  Bucksport,  Vinalhaven,  and  North  Haven,  in  the 
State  of  Maine,  and  San  Antonio  in  the  State  of  Texas,  ports  .of  delivery.  June  5,  1868. 

No.  37. — To  partially  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1868.  Expenses  of  House  of  Representatives,  $47,960 ;  collecting,  $1,800,900 ; 
to  facilitate  bounty  payments,  $60,000 ;  sundry  items,  $48,000 ;  total,  $1,955,960.  June  8, 1868. 

No.  38. — Making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  army  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1869, 
and  for  other  purposes.  Pay  of  army,  $15,000,000;  transporting  recruits,  $100,000;  commuta 
tion  of  officers'  subsistence,  $2,133,413;  in  lieu  of  clothing,  $250,000;  medical  department, 
$200,000 ;  quartermaster's,  $5,000,000 ;  general  expenses,  $2,000,000 ;  transportation  and  quar 
ters,  $7,000,000,  &c.  Whole  amount,  $33,057,093.  June  8,  1868. 

No.  39. — Amending  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  for  the  relief  of  the  inhabitants  of  cities  and 
towns  upon  the  public  lands."  Approved  March  2,  1867. 

No.  40. — Extending  the  time  for  completing  the  military  road  authorized  by  an  act  entitled 
"An  Act  granting  lands  to  the  States  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  a 
military  road  from  Fort  Wilkins,  Copper  Harbor,  Keweriaw  county,  in  the  State  of  Michigan, 
to  Fort  Howard,  Green  Bay,  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin."  June  8,  1868. 

No.  41.— To  further  provide  for  giving  effect  to  the  various  grants  of  public  lands  to  the  State 
of  Nevada.  June  8,  1868. 

No.  42.— Making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1869.  Pay 
of  officers  and  men,  $8,000,000;  material  and  vessels,  $3,000,000 ;  yards,  docks,  &c.,  $1,272,000  ; 
equipment  and  recruiting,  $1,268,000 ;  marine  corps.  $48,000.  The  entire  appropriations  are 
$13,752,600.  Hereafter  the  whole  numbe»  of  enlisted  men,  including  seamen,  ordinary  seamen, 
landsmen,  mechanics,  apprentices,  and  boys,  is  fixed  at  $8,000  and  no  more.  June  17, 1868. 

No.  43. — To  admit  the  State  of  Arkansas  to  representation  in  Congress.  Whereas  the  peop.'e 
of  Arkansas,  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  u  An  Act  for  the  more  efficient 
government  of  the  rebel  States,"  passed  March  2,  1867,  and  the  acts  supplementary  thereto, 
have  framed  and  adopted  a  constitution  of  State  government,  which  is  republican,  and  the  leg 
islature  of  said  State  has  duly  ratified  the  amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the  United  States 
proposed  by  the  thirty-ninth  Congress,  and  known  as  article  fourteen  :  Therefore,  He  it  enacted, 
That  the  State  of  Arkansas  is  entitled  and  admitted  to  representation  in  Congress  as  one  of  the 
States  of  the  Union  upon  the  following  fundamental  condition  :  That  the  constitution  of  Ar 
kansas  shall  never  be  so  amended  or  changed  as  to  deprive  any  citizen  or  class  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States  of  the  right  to  vote,  who  are  entitled  to  vote  by  the  constitution  herein  recognized, 
except  as  a  punishment  for  such  crimes  as  are  now  felonies  at  common  law,  whereof  they  shall 
have  been  duly  convicted,  under  laws  equally  applicable  to  all  the  inhabitants  of  said  State : 
Provided,  That  any  alteration  of  said  constitution  prospective  in  its  efiect  may  be  made  in  re 
gard  to  the  time  and  place  of  residence  of  voters.  (Passed  over  the  President's  veto). 

No.  44.— Admitting  the  States  of  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Louisiana,  Georgia,  Ala 
bama,  and  Florida,  to  representation  in  Congress,  provides  that  each  of  these  States  shall  be 
entitled  and  admitted  to  representation  in  Congress  as  a  State  of  the  Union,  when  the  legisla 
ture  of  such  State  shall  have  duly  ratified  the  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 


1869.]  TITLES  AND  ABSTRACTS  OF  PUBLIC  LAWS.  349 

States  proposed  by  the  39th  Congress,  and  known  as  Art.  14,  upon  the  following  fundamental 
conditions :  That  the  constitution  of  neither  of  said  States  shall  ever  be  so  amended  or  changed 
as  to  deprive  any  citizen  or  class  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  of  the  right  to  vote  in  said 
State,  who  are  entitled  to  vote  by  the  constitution  thereof  herein  recognized,  except  as  a  pun 
ishment  for  such  crimes  as  are  now  felonies  at  common  law,  whereof  they  shall  have  been  duly 
convicted  under  laws  equally  applicable  to  all  the  inhabitants  of  said  State  :  Provided,  That 
any  alteration  of  said  constitution  may  be  made  with  regard  to  the  time  and  place  of  residence 
of  voters  ;  and  the  State  of  Georgia  shall  only  be  entitled  and  admitted  to  representation  upon 
this  further  fundamental  condition :  that  the  first  and  third  subdivisions  of  section  17  of  the 
fifth  article  of  the  constitution  of  said  State,  except  the  proviso  to  the  first  subdivision  shall  be 
null  and  void,  and  that  the  general  assembly  of  said  State  by  solemn  public  act  shall  declare  the 
assent  of  the  State  to  the  foregoing  fundamental  condition.  That  the  first  section  of  this  act 
shall  take  effect  as  to  each  State,  except  Georgia,  when  such  State  shall,  by  its  legislature,  duly 
ratify  Art.  14  of  the  amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  proposed  by  the  39th 
Congress,  and  as  to  the  State  of  Georgia  when  it  shall  in  addition  give  the  assent  of  said  State 
to  the  fundamental  condition  hereinbefore  imposed  upon  the  same.  (Passed  over  the  Presi 
dent's  veto). 

No.  45.— Providing  for  appeals  from  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  for  other  purposes.  June 
25, 1SG8. 

No.  46. — Provides  that  eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  days  work  for  all  laborers,  workmen,  and 
mechanics  now  employed,  or  who  may  be  hereafter  employed,  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  govern 
ment  of  the  United  States.  June  25,  1868. 

No.  47. — For  the  relief  of  certain  exporters  of  rum.    June  25,  1868. 

No.  48.— To  re-establish  the  boundaries  of  the  collection  districts  of  Michigan  and  Michili- 
mackinac,  and  to  change  the  names  of  the  collection  districts  of  Michilimackinac  and  Port 
Huron.  June  25,  1868. 

No.  49.— To  extend  the  boundaries  of  the  collection  district  of  Philadelphia.    June  25, 1868. 

No.  50.— Amending  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  carrying  the  mails  from  the  United 
States  to  foreign  ports."  June  25, 1868. 

No.  51. — Relative  to  filing  reports  of  Railroad  companies.    June  25,  1868. 

No.  52. — Appropriating  money  to  sustain  the  Indian  commission  and  carry  out  treaties  made 
thereby.  June  25,  1868. 

No.  53.— Changing  the  times  of  holding  the  District  and  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States 
in  Tennessee.  June  25,  1868. 

No.  54.— Amending  an  act  entitled  "An  act  granting  lands  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  a 
railroad  and  telegraph  line  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  in  California,  to  Portland,  in 
Oregon."  The  Oregon  branch  to  complete  at  least  20  miles  in  each  two  years,  and  finish  the 
road  by  July  1, 1880.  June  25, 1868. 

No.  55.— Relating  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.    June  25,  1868. 

No.  56.— Authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  change  the  names  of  certain  vessels. 
June  25,  1868. 

No.  57.— Relating  to  contested  elections  in  the  city  of  Washington.  (Not  having  been  re 
turned  by  the  President  within  the  time  prescribed,  it  became  a  law  without  his  approval). 

No.  58.— For  holding  terms  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  southern  district 
of  Illinois  at  the  city  of  Cairo,  in  said  state.  July  3,  1868. 

No.  59»— Confirming  the  title  to  a  tract  of  land  in  Burlington,  Iowa.    July  4, 1868. 

No.  60.— Authorizing  the  construction  of  a  bridge  over  the  Black  river,  in  Lorain  county, 
Ohio.  July  6,  1868. 

No.  61.— To  incorporate  the  congregation  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Washington. 
July  7,  1868. 

No.  62.— To  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  concerning  the  registering  and  recording  of  ships 
or  vessels."  July  7,  1868. 

No.  63.— To  continue  the  Bureau  for  the  relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refugees.  (Not  having  been 
returned  by  the  President  within  the  prescribed  time,  it  became  a  law  without  his  approval). 

No.  64. — Prescribing  an  oath  of  office  to  be  taken  by  persons  from  whom  legal  disabilities 
shall  have  been  removed.  July  11,  1868. 

No.  65.— To  incorporate  the  Connecticut  Avenue  and  Park  Railway  Company,  in  the  District 
of  Columbia.  July  13, 1868. 

No.  66.— To  incorporate  the  National  Hotel  Company  of  Washington  City.    July  13,  1868. 

No.  67. — Amending  the  act  providing  for  the  construction  of  certain  wagon  roads  in  Dakota 
Territory.  July  13, 1868. 


250  THE  AMEEICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

No.  68. — Creating  the  office  of  Surveyor  General  in  the  Territory  of  Utah,  and  establishing  a 
Land  Office  in  said  Territory.  July  16,  1868. 

No.  69. — Making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the 
government  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1869.  Expenses  of  senate,  $600,170.80;  of  house,  $1,- 
624,238.60;  public  printing,  $1,214,656.79 ;  library,  $51,570  ;  court  of  claims,  $139,800;  executive, 
$44,622.22;  public  grounds  and  buildings,  $49,140;  state  department,  $151,200;  treasury,  $9.- 
110,866 ;  interior,  $1,816,720 ;  war,  $750,420 ;  navy,  $25,301  •,  post  office,  $396,680 ;  agriculture, 
$127.895;  education,  $20,000;  mints  and  assay  offices,  $450,307.68;  independent  treasury,  $388,- 
135;  territorial  governments,  $225,500;  judiciary,  $294,300.  Whole  amount,  $17.111,723.09 
July  20,  1868. 

No.  70.— Making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  government  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1869.  The  items  are:  Miscellaneous,  $181,440;  coast  survey,  $250,000;  lakes, 
$75,000;  light-houses,  $1,919,042;  revenue  cutters,  $1,337,290;  buildings  for  customs,  &c.,  $1,- 
093,008;  interior  department,  $16,300;  capitol  extension,  $138,200;  Smithsonian  institution, 
$4,000;  metropolitan  police,  $211,050;  collection  of  revenue  from  public  lands,  $260,300;  sur 
veying  lands,  $405,425  ;  public  buildings  and  grounds,  $269,503.  The  whole  sum  in  the  bill  is 
$5,055^258.  July  20,  1868. 

No.  71. — To  facilitate  the  settlement  of  certain  prize  cases  in  the  southern  district  of  Florida. 
July  20, 1868. 

No.  72.— Authorizing  the  construction  of  a  bridge  across  the  Missouri  river  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas.  July  20,  1868. 

No.  73.— For  the  registration  or  enrolment  of  certain  foreign  vessels.    July  20,  1868. 

No.  74.— -Concerning  the  tax  commissioners  for  the  state  of  Arkansas.    July  20,  18G8. 

No.  75. — Amendatory  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  authorize  the  construction  of  certain 
bridges."  July  20, 1868. 

No.  76. — Providing  for  the  sale  of  a  portion  of  the  Fort  Gratiot  military  reservation.  July 
20, 1868. 

No.  77.—TO  aid  the  improvement  of  the  Des  Moines  and  Rock  Island  rapids.    July  20, 1868. 

No.  78. — Declaratory  of  the  law  in  regard  to  officers  cashiered  or  dismissed  from  the  army  by 
the  sentence  of  a  general  court-martial.  No  officer  of  the  army  of  the  United  States  who  has 
been  or  shall  hereafter  be  cashiered  or  dismissed  from  the  service  by  the  sentence  of  a  general 
court-martial,  formally  approved  by  the  proper  reviewing  authority,  shall  ever  be  restored  to 
the  military  service  except  by  a  re-appoinlmeiit,  confirmed  by  the  Senate  of  the  United  States. 
July  20,  1868. 

No.  79. — Imposing  taxes  on  distilled  spirits  and  tobacco,  and  for  other  purposes:  Provides, 
That  there  shall  be  levied  and  collected  on  all  distilled  spirits  on  which  the  tax  prescribed  by 
law  has  not  been  paid,  a  tax  of  fifty  cents  on  each  and  every  proof  gallon,  to  be  paid  before 
removal  from  distillery  warehouse;  the  tax  on  such  spirits  shall  be  collected  on  the  whole  num 
ber  of  gauge  or  wine  gallons  when  below  proof,  and  shall  be  increased  in  proportion  for  any 
greater  strength  than  the  strength  of  proof  spirit  as  defined  in  this  act ;  and  any  fractional  part 
of  a  gallon  in  excess  of  the  number  of  gallons  in  a  cask  or  package  shall  be  taxed  as  a  gallon. 
The  tax  on  brandy  made  from  grapes  shall  be  the  same  and  no  higher  than  that  upon  other  dis 
tilled  spirits  ;  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  is  authorized,  with  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to  exempt  distillers  of  brandy  from  apples,  peaches  or  grapes  exclu 
sively,  from  such  other  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  relating  to  the  manufacture  of  spirits  as  in 
his  judgment  may  seem  expedient. 

Every  distillery,  whether  intended  for  use  or  otherwise,  must  be  registered  with  the  Assessor 
of  its  district.  Its  owner  must  file  with  that  officer  notice  of  its  location,  description  and 
boundaries,  its  mashing,  fermenting  and  distilling  capacity,  and  its  fermenting  period,  together 
with  the  number,  kinds  and  contents  of  the  stills,  boilers,  tubs  and  cisterns  employed.  An 
accurate  plan  of  the  distillery  and  its  apparatus,  showing  the  relative  location  of  every  still, 
boiler,  doubler,  worm-tub,  cistern,  pipe-valve,  and  other  parts  of  the  machinery,  must  be  dis 
played  upon  the  premises,  and  a  copy  filed  with  the  Assessor.  With  the  aid  of  a  person,  skill 
ful  and  competent  for  such  purpose,  the  Assessor  is  required  to  make  a  survey  of  every  dis 
tillery,  and  to  estimate  and  determine  its  true  producing  capacity,  for  the  purpose  of  assessment 
in  case  of  deficient  returns.  Copies  of  all  the  papers  above  referred  to  are  sent  to  the  revenue 
office,  where  a  full  and  complete  record  is  kept  of  every  distillery. 

A  warehouse  must  be  established  for  every  distillery,  and,  under  the  direction  and  control 
of  the  Collector  of  the  district,  placed  in  charge  of  a  storekeeper  appointed  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  A  bond  in  the  penal  sum  of  double  the  tax  upon  the  possible  production  of 
the  distillery  for  fifteen  days  must  be  given  by  the  distiller,  with  at  least  two  sureties  approved 


1869.]  TITLES  AND  ABSTRACTS  OF  PUBLIC  LAWS.  251 

by  the  Assessors,  conditioned,  among  other  things,  to  a  faithful  compliance  with  all  the  pro 
visions  of  the  law. 

All  this  must  be  done  before  a  distillery  is  allowed  to  commence  operations.  Afterwards 
daily  reports  are  made  by  its  storekeeper  of  all  spirits  entered  and  withdrawn  from  warehouse, 
and  monthly  reports  of  materials  used,  beer  made,  and  spirits  produced  at  the  distillery. 

Reports  of  like  character  are  made  each  month  by  the  assessors,  based  upon  the  tri-monthly 
reports  to  them  from  distillers,  and  including  also  their  assessments  of  deficiencies,  and  of  the 
per  diem  and  per  barrel  taxes  imposed  by  law.  These  various  reports  when  received,  com 
pared  with  and  checked  by  each  other,  are  duly  recorded  and  filed.  July  20,  1868. 

No.  80.— To  construct  a  wagon  road  from  West  Point  to  Cornwall  Landing,  all  in  the  county 
of  Orange,  state  of  New  York.  July  23,  1868. 

No.  81. — To  authorize  the  temporary  supplying  of  vacancies  in  the  Executive  Department. 
July  23, 1868. 

No.  82. — Making  a  grant  of  land  to  the  state  of  Minnesota  to  aid  in  the  improvement  of  the 
navigation  of  the  Mississippi  river;  grants  to  the  state  of  Minnesota  for  the  purpose  of  aiding 
said  state  in  constructing  and  completing  a  lock  and  dam  at  Meeker's  island,  in  the  Mississippi 
river,  in  said  state ;  two  hundred  thousand  acres  of  public  lands,  to  be  selected  in  alternate 
odd-numbered  sections,  from  the  public  lands  lying  within  the  limits  of  the  state  of  Minnesota. 
July  23,  1868. 

No.  83. — Making  appropriations  for  the  payment  of  invalid  and  other  pensions  of  the  United 
States  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1869.  Appropriates  $30,350,000  in  all.  July  23,  1868. 

No.  84.— To  incorporate  the  "  Washington  Target-Shooting  Association,"  in  the  District 
of  Columbia.  July  23,  1868. 

No.  85. — Making  appropriations  and  to  supply  deficiencies  in  the  appropriations  for  the  ser 
vice  of  the  government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1S68,  and  for  other  purposes.  The 
main  items  are:  Legislative,  $16,977.04 ;  interior,  $29,548.09 ;  treasury,  $61,882.40;  construction, 
$365,000;  war,  $1,612,530;  bounties,  $9,300;  aqueduct,  $52,500 ;  Rock  Island  arsenal,  $100,000 ; 
post  office,  $912,500 ;  reconstruction,  $510,078.24 ;  public  buildings  and  grounds,  $25,593 ;  Indians, 
$172,820.11 ;  Washington  city,  $296,943.88 ;  miscellaneous,  $176,277.57.  The  whole  sum  is  $4,- 
341,970.33.  July  25,  1868. 

No.  86.— For  the  relief  of  the  loyal  Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  Indians.    July  25, 1868. 

No.  87. — Providing  a  temporary  government  for  the  territory  of  Wyoming.    July  25,  1868. 

No.  88.— In  addition  to  an  act  passed  March  26,  1804,  entitled  "An  act  in  addition  to  an  act 
entitled  'An  act  for  the  punishment  of  certain  crimes  against  the  United  States.1  "  July 
25, 1868. 

No.  89.— To  provide  for  a  further  issue  of  temporary  loan  certificates,  for  the  purpose  of  re 
deeming  and  retiring  the  remainder  of  the  outstanding  compound  interest  notes,  authorizes  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  issue  an  additional  amount  of  temporary  loan  certificates,  not  ex 
ceeding  twenty-five  millions  of  dollars  ;  said  certificates  to  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  three  per 
centum  per  annum,  principal  and  interest  payable  in  lawful  money  on  demand.  July  25,  186S. 

No.  90.— To  create  an  additional  land  district  in  the  State  of  Minnesota.    July  25,  1868. 

No.  91.— To  incorporate  the  National  Life  Insurance  Company  of  the  United  States  of  Ameri 
ca.  July  25,  1868. 

No.  92.— To  confirm  the  title  to  certain  lands  in  the  State  of  Nebraska.    July  25,  1868. 

No.  93.— Authorizing  the  trustees  of  Union  Chapel  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  in  the 
city  of  Washington,  to  mortgage  their  property  for  church  purposes.  July  25,  1868. 

No.  94.— To  extend  the  time  for  the  construction  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  in  the  state 
of  California.  July  25,  1868. 

No.  95.— Providing  for  the  sale  of  the  arsenal  grounds  at  St.  Louis  and  Liberty,  Missouri,  and 
for  other  purposes.  July  25,  1868. 

No.  96.— To  establish  certain  post-roads.    July  25,  1868. 

No.  97.— Relating  to  the  Freedmen's  Bureau,  and  providing  for  its  discontinuance :  Provides, 
that  the  duties  and  powers  of  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  for  the  relief  of  Freedmen  and  Refu 
gees,  shall  continue  to  be  discharged  by  the  present  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau  ;  and  in  case 
of  vacancy  in  said  office  occurring  by  reason  of  his  death  or  resignation,  the  same  shall  be  filled 
by  appointment  of  the  President  on  the  nomination  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  with  the  ad 
vice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  ;  and  no  officer  of  the  army  shall  be  detailed  for  service  as  Com 
missioner  or  shall  enter  upon  the  duties  of  Commissioner  unless  appointed  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate ;  and  all  assistant  commissioners,  agents,  clerks,  and  assist 
ants,  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  on  the  nomination  of  the  Commissioner  of  the 
Bureau ;  and  that  the  Commissioner  of  the  Bureau,  shall  on  the  first  day  of  January  next,  cause 


252  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

the  said  Bureau  to  be  withdrawn  from  the  several  States  within  which  said  Bureau  has  acted, 
and  its  operations  shall  be  discontinued.  But  the  educational  department  of  said  bureau,  and 
the  collection  and  payment  of  moneys  due  the  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines,  or  their  heirs,  shall 
be  continued  as  now  provided  by  law,  until  otherwise  ordered  by  act  of  Congress.  (Passed  over 
the  President's  veto). 

No.  98. — To  further  amend  the  postal  laws.  Provides,  that  when  any  writer  of  a  letter,  on 
which  the  postage  is  prepaid,  shall  endorse  in  writing  or  in  print  upon  the  outside  thereof  his 
name  and  address,  the  same,  after  remaining  uncalled  for  at  the  post  office  to  which  it  is  direct 
ed  30  days,  or  the  time  the  writer  may  direct,  shall  be  returned  to  the  said  writer  without  ad 
ditional  postage,  whether  a  specific  request  for  such  return  be  endorsed  on  the  letter  or  not ; 
and  fixes  charges  for  money  orders  as  follows,  viz. :  For  one  dollar  or  any  sum  not  exceeding 
$20,  a  fee  of  ten  cents  ;  for  all  orders  exceeding  $20  and  not  exceeding  $30,  fifteen  cents ;  for  all 
orders  exceeding  $30  and  not  exceeding  $40,  twenty  cents  ;  for  all  orders  exceeding  $40  and  not 
exceeding  $50,  twenty-five  cents.  July  27, 1868. 

No.  99. — Making  an  appropriation  of  money  to  carry  into  effect  the  treaty  with  Russia  of 
March  30, 1867.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  100. — Making  appropriations  for  the  current  and  contingent  expenses  of  the  Indian  de 
partment,  and  for  fulfilling  treaty  stipulations  with  various  Indian  tribes  for  the  jrcar  ending 
June  30, 18(J9,  and  for  other  purposes.  For  superintendents,  agents,  clerks,  interpreters,  and 
contingencies,  fulfilling  treaties,  and  all  other  matters,  about  $3,250,000.  July  27,  1SG8. 

No.  101.— Concerning  the  rights  of  American  citizens  in  foreign  States.    July  27,  1868. 

No.  102.— To  establish  a  new  land  district  in  the  State  of  Nebraska.    July  27,  1868. 

No.  103.— Regulating  the  sale  of  hay  in  the  District  of  Columbia.    July  27,  1868. 

No.  104. — To  incorporate  the  Evening  Star  Newspaper  Company,  of  Washington.  July 
27,  1868. 

No.  105.— Authorizing  the  city  of  Washington  to  issue  bonds  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the 
floating  debt  of  the  city.  July  27, 1868. 

No.  106. — To  amend  section  one  of  "An  Act  to  prevent  and  punish  frauds  upon  the  revenue, 
and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  3,  1863:  requires,  that  in  case  of  goods,  wares,  and 
merchandise,  imported  from  a  foreign  country  adjacent  to  the  United  States,  the  declaration  in 
this  section  hereinbefore  required  may  be  made  to,  and  the  certificate  indorsed  by,  the  consul, 
vice-consul,  or  commercial  agent,  at  or  nearest  to  the  port  or  place  of  clearance  for  the  United 
States.  July  27, 1868. 

No.  107.— Supplementary  to  an  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  allow  the  United  States  to  prosecute 
appeals  and  writs  of  error,  without  giving  security,"  and  for  other  purposes.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  108.— To  protect  the  rights  of  actual  settlers  upon  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States. 
July  27, 1868. 

No.  109. — Changing  the  ports  of  entry  from  Plymouth  to  Edenton,  in  North  Carolina,  and 
Port  Royal  to  Beaufort,  in  South  Carolina.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  110. — In  amendment  of  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  to  establish  a  uniform  system  of  bank 
ruptcy  throughout  the  United  States ; "  Provides,  that  "  In  all  proceedings  in  bankruptcy  com 
menced  after  the  first  day  of  January,  1869,  no  discharge  shall  be  granted  to  a  debtor  whose  as 
sets  shall  not  be  equal  to  fifty  per  centum  of  the  claims  proved  against  his  estate  upon  which 
he  shall  be  liable  as  the  principal  debtor,  unless  the  assent  in  writing  of  a  majority  in  number 
and  value  of  his  creditors  to  whom  he  shall  have  become  liable  as  principal  debtor,  and  who 
Khali  have  proved  their  claims,  be  filed  in  the  case  at  or  before  the  time  of  the  hearing  of  the 
application  for  discharge.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  111. — To  transfer  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior  certain  powers  and  duties  now  exer 
cised  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  connection  with  Indian  affairs.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  112. — To  provide  for  an  American  line  of  mail  and  emigrant  passenger  steamships  be 
tween  New  York  and  one  or  more  European  ports.  The  postmaster  general  may  contract  with 
the  Commercial  Navigation  Company  for  conveyance  of  mails  weekly  or  semi-weekly  between 
New  York  and  Bremen,  touching  at  Southampton  or  Liverpool  and  Queenstown,  the  steamers 
to  be  first-class  constructed  and  owned  in  the  United  States,  contract  not  to  exceed  fifteen  years 
in  duration.  The  company  must  within  one  year  have  ready  seven  first-class  steamships,  the 
postmaster  general  to  have  inspection  of  them  if  he  desires,  average  rate  of  speed  to  be  equal 
to  other  lines.  That  the  compensation  for  carrying  the  mails,  as  shall  be  in  conformity  with 
the  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  14,  1858,  and  shall  in  no  event  exceed  the  sum  therein  pro 
vided,  being  all  postage  on  letters,  newspapers,  and  all  other  matter  transported  by  or  in  the 
mails  carried  by  said  navigation  company,  shall  belong  to  said  company,  and  shall  be  paid  to 
gaid  company  quarterly,  or  applied  to  their  use.  Provided,  That  when  the  receipts  from  sea 


1809.]  TITLES  AND  ABSTRACTS  OF  PUBLIC  LAWS.  353 

pontages  shall  equal  or  exceed  the  sum  of  four  hundred  thousand  dollars  per  annnm,  then  the 
right  of  said  company  to  receive  the  inland  postages  shall  cease,  and  said  company  shall  only, 
receive  the  sea  postages :  Provided,  That  such  postages  shall  not  exceed  six  hundred  thou 
sand  dollars  per  annum,  after  the  discontinuance  of  said  inland  postage.  That  to  insure  the 
construction  of  the  above-mentioned  vessels  within  the  time  and  in  the  manner  provided,  the 
said  Commercial  Navigation  Company  may  issue  bonds  to  such  an  amount  that  the  entire  an 
nual  interest  thereon  shall  not  exceed  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  such 
bonds  to  be  made  payable  at  the  expiration  of  fifteen  years.  For  the  protection  of  the  holders 
of  said  bonds  they  are  to  be  registered  at  the  post  ofiice  department,  and  the  postage  earned  by 
the  steamships  is  to  be  applied  for  the  payment  of  the  interest  and  to  provide  a  sinking  fund 
for  the  redemption  of  the  principal  of  the  bonds.  July  27,  1868. 
No.  113.—"  Relating  to  the  Alexandria  Canal."  July  27,  1868. 

No.  114.— "Making  Appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  Columbia  Institution  for  the  Instruc 
tion  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  establishing  additional  regulations  for  the  Government  of  the 
institution,  and  for  other  purposes,"  appropriates  for  Columbia  Institution,  $65,000 ;  Govern 
ment  Hospital  for  Insane,  $97,500;  Columbia  Hospital  for  Women,  and  Lying-in  Asylum,  $15.- 
000;  Providence  Hospital,  $30,000;  National  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home,  $1,000;  care 
of  transient  paupers,  &c.,  $12,000;  in  all,  $241,500.  2.  One  Senator  and  two  Representatives 
added  to  directors  of  Columbian  Institution.  3.  Real  and  personal  property  to  be  devoted  to 
no  other  purpose  than  education ;  real  estate  not  to  be  alienated  but  under  special  act.  4.  Re 
peals  payment  for  pupils  admitted  by  order  of  Secretary  of  Interior.  5.  Number  of  students 
from  the  several  States,  under  act  of  March  2, 1867,  increased  from  ten  to  twenty-five.  6.  Su 
perintendents  of  the  institutions  to  make  annual  reports  of  expenditures.  July  27, 1868. 

No.  115. — "Making  Appropriations  for  certain  executive  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1869,"  appropriates  for  State  Department,  $41,000 ;  arched  roadway  over 
Tiber  creek.  $5,000,  provided  city  of  Washington  apppropriates  sufficient  additional  to  complete 
work ;  Henry  B.  Ste.  Marie,  the  spy  in  the  Surratt  case,  $10,000;  in  all,  $56,000.    July  27,  1868. 
No.  116. — "Relating  to  pensions,"  arranges  precedence  to  relatives.    1.  Mothers.    2.  Fathers. 
3.  Orphan  brothers  or  sisters,  under  sixteen ;  pensions  for  wounds  or  disease,  only  when  re 
ceived  in  line  of  duty ;  with  minor  details.    July  27, 1868. 
No.  117.—"  To  pay  for  indexing  the  tax-bill."    July  27,  1868. 

No.  118. — "To  correct  an  error  in  the  enrollment  of  the  'Act  imposing  taxes  on  distilled  spir 
its  and  tobacco,  and  for  other  purposes,'"  supplying  the  word  "not"  before  "more  than  one 
pint"  in  last  clause  of  section  48.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  119.— "Amendatory  of  an  act  entitled  'An  act  granting  public  lands  to  the  State  of  Wis 
consin,  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  railroads  in  said  State,'  approved  June  3, 1856,"  permits 
the  change  of  benefit  in  lands  granted  for  La  Crosse  and  Milwaukee  Railroad  to  Wisconsin 
Railroad  Farm  Mortgage  Company.  July  27, 1868. 

No.  120.— "  Granting  the  right  of  way  to  certain  railway  companies  over  the  Military  Reser 
vation  at  Fort  Leavenworth."  July  27, 1868. 

No.  121.  — "  Donating  a  portion  of  the  Fort  Leavenworth  Military  Reservation  for  the  exclu 
sive  use  of  a  public  road."  July  27,  1868. 

No.  122.— "  Regulating  the  times  and  places  of  holding  the  District  and  Circuit  Courts  of  the 
United  States  for  the  northern  district  of  Florida."  July  27, 1868. 

No.  123.— "To  disapprove  an  Act  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Washington  Territory,  re- 
districting  the  Territory,  and  re-assigning  the  judges  thereto."  July  27,  1868. 

No.  124.— To  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  proposing  to  the  State  of  Texas  the  establish 
ment  of  her  northern  and  western  boundaries,  the  relinquishment  of  said  State  of  all  territory 
claimed  by  her,  exterior  to  said  boundaries,  and  of  all  her  claims  upon  the  United  States,  and 
to  establish  a  territorial  government  for  New  Mexico."  1.  Gives  the  Governor  of  New  Mexico 
the  "veto"  power.  2.  Constitutes  the  Secretary  of  the  Territory  ex-officio  superintendent  of 
public  grounds  and  buildings.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  125. — "To  extend  the  laws  of  the  United  States  relating  to  customs,  commerce  and  navi 
gation  over  the  territory  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Russia,  to  establish  a  collection  district 
therein,  and  for  other  purposes,"  the  "other  purposes"  being  a  prohibition  of  the  killing  of 
fur-bearing  animals,  except  under  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury ;  giv 
ing  jurisdiction  of  offences  to  the  district  courts  in  California,  Oregon  and  Washington ;  au 
thorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  remit  penalties,  and  appropriates  $50,000  to  carry  the 
act  into  effect,  and  to  collect  internal  revenue.  July  27,  1868. 

No.  126.— "Authorizing  the  Manufacturers'  National  Bank  of  New  York  to  change  its  loca 
tion"— to  the  city  of  Brooklyn.  July  27, 1868. 


254  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869 

No.  127.— "Relating  to  the  district  courts  of  Utah  Territory,"  giving  the  Governor  power  to 
assign  terms  of  district  court.  July  27,  1863. 

No.  128.— "  Regulating  judicial  proceedings  in  certain  cases,  for  the  protection  of  officers  and 
agents  of  the  Government,  and  for  the  better  protection  of  the  treasury  against  unlawful 
claims."  1.  Extends  the  provisions  of  section  8,  of  the  act  of  July  28,  1866,  "to  protect  the 
revenue,  and  for  other  purposes,"  and  of  section  12  of  the  act.  of  March  3, 1863,  to  all  suits  and 
proceedings,  except  those  in  behalf  of  the  United  States,  against  any  officer,  or  for  acts  done 
during  the  rebellion  by  virtue  or  color  of  his  office,  or  employment.  2.  That  no  action  shall  be 
maintained  by  any  alien  or  in  his  behalf  or  interest,  against  any  person  for  acts  or  omissions  as 
an  officer  or  agent,  under  act  of  March  12,  1863,  the  act  of  July  2,  1864,  or  any  other  act  of  Con-' 
gress  relative  to  the  insurrectionary  states,  and  such  facts  may  be  pleaded  in  bar ;  but  this  shall 
not  deprive  citizens  of  a  government  allowing  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  prosecute  claims 
against  it  in  its  courts,  the  privilege  of  bringing  suit  in  the  Court  of  Claims.  3.  Declaring  the 
intent  and  meaning  of  the  act  of  March  12,  1863,  to  be  the  precluding  of  the  owner  of  any  pro 
perty  taken  under  that  act  from  redress  in  any  other  court  than  the  Court  of  Claims,  and  the 
defendant  in  all  suits  may  plead  the  act  in  bar,  provided  that  where  claims  are  sustained  under 
this  act,  no  money  shall  be  paid  except  after  appropriation.  July  27, 1868.  ^ 

PUBLIC   RESOLUTIONS. 
The  following  are  the  Public  Resolutions  of  general  interest : 

No.  1. — Resolution  excluding  from  the  electoral  college  votes  of  certain  States  lately  in  Rebel 
lion.  That  none  of  the  States  wrhose  inhabitants  were  lately  in  rebellion  shall  be  entitled  to 
representation  in  the  electoral  college  for  the  choice  of  President  and  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States,  nor  shall  any  electoral  votes  be  received  or  counted  from  any  of  such  States, 
unless  at  the  time  prescribed  by  law  for  the  choice  of  electors  the  people  of  such  States,  pursu 
ant  to  the  acts  of  Congress  in  that  behalf,  shall  have,  since  the  fourth  day  of  March,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-seven,  adopted  a  constitution  of  State  government  under  which  a  State  gov 
ernment  shall  have  been  organized  and  shall  be  in  operation,  nor  unless  such  election  of  elect 
ors  shall  have  been  held  under  the  authority  of  such  constitution  and  government,  and  such  State 
shall  have  also  become  entitled  to  representation  in  Congress,  pursuant  to  the  acts  of  Congress 
in  that  behalf:  Provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  construed  to  apply  to  any  State 
which  was  represented  in  Congress  on  the  fourth  day  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
seven.  (Vetoed  and  repassed). 

No.  4. — That  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized  to  dispose  of  such 
iron-clad  vessels,  except  those  of  the  "  Dictator,"  "  Kalamazoo,"  "  Monadnock,"  and  "  Passaic" 
classes,  as  in  his  judgment  are  not  required  by  the  interests  of  the  service,  at  a  price  to  be  de 
termined  by  appraisal,  to  be  made  by  a  board  of  not  less  than  five  naval  officers,  two  of  whom 
shall  be  engineers. 

No.  5.— That  the  Secretary  of  War  be,  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  take  imme 
diate  measures  for  the  reduction  of  the  expenses  of  the  army  and  of  the  war  department  at  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  city,  at  as  early  a  day  as  practicable,  by  concentrating  the  business 
of  the  quartermaster,  commissary,  clothing,  ordnance,  and  medical  bureaus,  and  recruiting 
service  in  said  city. 

No.  6. — "For  the -relief  of  destitute  persons  at  the  South,"  allows  the  issue  of  dessicated 
potatoes,  &c.,  to  "destitutes"  in  the  South,  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioner  of  the 
Freedmen'e  Bureau. 

No.  8. — "To  provide  for  a  commission  to  examine  and  report  on  metres  for  distilled  spirits," 
to  report  before  March  1, 1869. 

No.  9. — That  all  moneys  which  have  been  received  by  any  officer  or  employe  [e]  of  the  govern 
ment,  or  any  department  thereof,  from  sales  of  captured  and  abandoned  property  in  the  late 
insurrectionary  districts,  under  or  under  color  of  the  several  acts  of  Congress  providing  for  the 
collection  and  sale  of  such  property,  and  which  have  not  already  been  actually  covered  into  the 
treasury,  shall  immediately  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  United  States,  together  with  any 
interest  which  has  been  received  or  accrued  thereon.  That  a  sum  of  the  proceeds  of  such  sales 
not  exceeding  seventy-five  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  for  the  payment  of  the 
necessary  expenses  incurred  by  or  under  the  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  for  in 
cidental  expenses  in  acting  under  the  laws  respecting  the  collection  and  disposition  of  captured 
and  abandoned  property,  and  for  the  necessary  expenses  of  defending,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  such  suits  as  have  been  brought  against  him  or  his  agents  in  the 
premises,  and  for  prosecuting  suits  in  the  United  States  for  the  recovery  of  such  property,  and 


1869-1  PROCLAMATIONS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT.  255 

for  providing  for  the  defence  of  the  United  States  against  suits  for  or  in  respect  to  such  property 
in  the  court  of  claims. 

No.  11 — "To  authorize  the  Secretary  of  War  to  employ  counsel  in  certain  cases,"  to  provide 
counsel  for  Generals  Meade  and  Ruger,  and  any  other  persons  intrusted  with  the  re-enforcement 
of  the  reconstruction  acts.  [Passed  through  lapse  of  time,  without  President's  approval.] 

No.  14. — That  section  eight  of  an  act  entitled  "  An  act  granting  lands  to  aid  in  the  construc 
tion  of  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line  from  Lake  Superior  to  Puget  Sound,  on  the  Pacific  coast,"' 
is  hereby  so  amended  as  to  read  as  follows :  That  each  and  every  grant,  right,  and  privilege 
herein,  are  so  made  and  given  to  and  accepted  by  said  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  upon 
and  subject  to  the  following  conditions,  namely:  That  the  said  company  shall  commence  the 
work  on  said  road  within  two  years  from  and  after  the  second  day  of  July,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-eight,  and  shall  complete  not  less  than  one  hundred  miles  per  year  after  the  second  year 
thereafter,  and  shall  construct,  equip,  furnish,  and  complete  the  whole  road  by  the  fourth  day 
of  July,  Anno  Domini  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-seven. 

No.  15. — "Authorizing  the  Lighthouse  Board  to  place  warnings  over  obstructions  at  the  en 
trance  of  harbors,  or  in  the  fairway  of  bays  and  sounds,  and  for  other  purposes,"  the  "ether 
purposes  "  being  the  appointment  of  a  commissioner  to  examine  the  wreck  of  steamer  Scot 
land,  in  the  harbor  of  New  York. 

No.  17. — That  the  time  fixed  and  limited  by  an  act  entitled  "An  act  granting  lands  to  aid  in 
the  construction  of  certain  railroads  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,"  approved  May  fifth,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-four,  for  the  completion  of  the  railroad  from  Tomah,  in  the  county  of  Mon 
roe,  to  Saint  Croix  river  or  lake,  between  townships  twenty-five  and  thirty-one,  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby,  further  extended  for  a  period  of  three  years  to  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad 
Company,  a  corporation  established  by  the  lawa  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  and  which  by  the 
laws  of  said  State,  is  entitled  to  the  land  grant  made  in  the  .second  section  of  said  act :  Provided, 
That  if  said  railway  company  shall  not  have  completed  said  railroad  from  Tomah  to  Black  River 
Falls,  on  or  before  the  expiration  of  one  year  from  the  passage  of  this  resolution,  this  act  shall 
be  null  and  void. 

No.  19. — That  all  who  served  as  officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  privates  or  other  enlisted 
men  in  the  regular  army,  volunteer  or  militia  forces  of  the  United  States,  during  the  war  of  the 
rebellion,  and  have  been  honorably  discharged  from  the  service  or  remain  still  in  the  same, 
shall  be  entitled  to  wear,  on  occasions  of  ceremony,  the  distinctive  army  badge  ordered  for  and 
adopted  by  the  army  corps  and  division,  respectively,  in  which  they  served.  « 

No.  23. — That  the  people  of  the  United  States  renew  the  expression  of  their  sympathy  with 
the  suffering  people  of  Crete,  to  whom  they  are  bound  by  the  ties  of"  a  common  religion  and  of 
the  gratitude  due  to  the  Greek  race,  of  which  the  Cretans  are  a  part ;  that  they  rejoice  to  believe 
that  the  suffering  of  this  interesting  people  may  be  happily  terminated  by  a  policy  of  forbear 
ance  on  the  part  of  the  Turkish  Government. 

PROCLAMATIONS  OP  THE  PRESIDENT. 

FIRST  AMNESTY   PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas,  In  the  month  of  July,  A.  D.  1861,  in  accepting  the  condition  of  civil  war,  which  was 
brought  about  by  insurrection  and  rebellion  in  several  of  the  States  which  constitute  the  United 
States,  the  two  houses  of  Congress  did  solemnly  declare  that  the  war  was  not  waged  on  the  part 
of  the  government  in  any  spirit  of  oppression,  nor  for  any  purpose  of  conquest  or  subjugation, 
nor  for  any  purpose  of  overthrowing  or  interfering  with  the  rights  or  established  institutions 
of  the  States,  but  only  to  defend  and  maintain  the  supremacy  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  preserve  the  Union  with  all  the  dignity,  equality  and  rights  of  the  several  States 
unimpaired;  and  that  so  soon  as  these  objects  should  be  accomplished,  the  war  on  the  part  of 
the  government  should  cease : 

And  whereas,  The  President  of  the  United  States  has  heretofore,  in  the  spirit  of  that  decla 
ration,  and  with  the  view  of  securing  for  it  ultimate  and  complete  effect,  set  forth  several  proc 
lamations,  offering  amnesty  and  pardon  to  persons  who  had  been  or  were  concerned  in  the 
aforesaid  rebellion,  which  proclamations,  however,  were  attended  with  prudential  reservations 
and  exceptions,  then  deemed  necessary  and  proper,  and  which  proclamations  were  respectively 
issued  on  the  8th  day  of  December,  1803,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1864,  on  the  29th  day  of  May, 
1865,  and  on  the  7th  day  of  September,  1867 : 

And  whereas,  The  said  lamentable  civil  war  has  long  since  altogether  ceased,  with  an  ac 
knowledged  guarantee  to  all  the  States  of  the  supremacy  of  the  Federal  Constitution  and  the 
government  thereunder;  and  there  no  longer  exists  any  reasonable  ground  to  apprehend  a  re- 


256  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

newal  of  the  said  civil  war,  or  any  foreign  interference,  or  any  unlawful  resistance  by  any 
portion  of  the  people  of  any  of  the  States  to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States : 

And  whereas,  It  is  desirable  to  reduce  the  standing  army,  and  to  bring  to  a  speedy  termination 
military  occupation,  martial  law,  military  tribunals,  abridgment  of  freedom  of  speech  and  of 
the  press,  and  suspension  of  the  privilege  of  habeas  cmynis,  and  the  right  of  trial  by  jury — such 
encroachment  upon  our  free  institutions  in  times  of  peace  being  dangerous  to  public  liberty, 
incompatible  with  the  individual  rights  of  the  citizen,  contrary  to  the  genius  and  spirit  of  our 
republican  form  of  government,  and  exhaustive  of  the  national  resources: 

And  whereas,  It  is  believed  that  amnesty  and  pardon  will  tend  to  secure  a  complete  and  uni 
versal  establishment  and  prevalence  of  municipal  law  and  order,  in  conformity  with  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States,  and  to  remove  all  appearances  or  presumptions  of  a  retaliatory  or 
vindictive  policy  on  the  part  of  the  government  attended  by  unnecessary  disqualifications,  pains, 
penalties,  confiscations,  and  disfranchisements ;  and  on  the  contrary,  to  promote  and  procure 
complete  fraternal  reconciliation  among  the  whole  people,  with  due  submission  to  the  Constitu 
tion  and  laws : 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  do,  by 
virtue  of  the  Constitution  and  in  the  name  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  hereby  proclaim 
and  declare,  unconditionally  and  without  reservation,  to  all  and  to  every  person  who  directly  or 
indirectly  participated  in  the  late  insurrection  or  rebellion,  excepting  such  person  or  persons  as 
may  be  under  presentment  or  indictment  in  any  court  of  the  United  States  having  competent 
jurisdiction  upon  a  charge  of  treason  or  other  felony,  a  full  pardon  and  amnesty  for  the  offence 
of  treason  against  the  United  States,  or  of  adhering  to  their  enemies  during  the  late  civil  war, 
with  restoration  of  all  rights  of  property,  except  as  to  slaves,  and  except  also  as  to  any  property 
of  which  any  person  may  have  been  legally  divested  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  signed  these  presents  with  my  hand,  and  have  caused  the  seal 
of  the  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affixed. 

Done  at  the  city  of  Washington,  the  fourth  day  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  the 
ninety-third.  ANDREW  JOHNSON. 

By  the  President :    WILLIAM  II.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State. 

PROCLAMATION  OF  GENERAL  AMNESTY  INCLUDING  ALL  POLITICAL  OFFENDERS. 

By  the  President  of  the  United  /States  of  America,  a  Proclamation. 

Whereas,  The  President  of  the  United  States  has  heretofore  set  forth  several  proclamations, 
offered  amnesty  and  pardon  to  persons  who  had  been  or  were  concerned  in  the  late  rebellion 
against  the  lawful  authority  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  which  proclamations  were 
severally  issued  on  the  8th  day  of  December,  1863,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1864,  on  the  29th 
day  of  May,  1865,  on  the  7th  day  of  September,  1867,  and  on  the  4th  day  of  July,  in  the  present 
year :  and 

Whereas,  The  authority  of  the  Federal  Government  having  been  re-established  in  all  the 
States  and  Territories  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  it  is  believed  that  such  pru 
dential  reservations  and  exceptions  as,  at  the  dates  of  said  several  proclamations  were  deemed 
necessary  and  proper,  may  now  be  wisely  and  justly  relinquished,  and  that  an  universal  am 
nesty  and  pardon  for  participation  in  said  rebellion,  extended  to  all  who  have  borne  any  part 
therein,  will  tend  to  secure  permanent  peace,  order,  and  prosperity  throughout  the  land,  and 
to  renew  and  fully  restore  confidence  and  fraternal  feeling  among  the  whole  people,  and  their 
respect  for,  and  attachment  to  the  National  government,  designed  by  its  patriotic  founders  for 
the  general  good : 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States,  by  vir 
tue  of  the  power  and  authority  in  me  vested  by  the  Constitution,  and  in  the  name  of  the  sover 
eign  people  of  the  United  States,  do  hereby  proclaim  and  declare,  unconditionally  and  without 
reservation,  to  all  and  to  every  person  who  directly  or  indirectly  participated  in  the  late  insur 
rection  or  rebellion,  a  full  pardon  and  amnesty  for  the  offence  of  treason  against  the  United 
States  or  of  adhering  to  their  enemies  during  the  late  civil  war,  with  restoration  of  all  rights, 
privileges  and  immunities,  under  the  Constitution  and  the  laws  which  have  been  made  in 
pursuance  thereof. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  signed  these  presents  with  my  hand  and  have  caused  the  seal 
of  the  United  States  to  be  hereunto  affixed. 

Done  at  the  city  of  Washington,  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  December,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States 
of  America  the  ninety-third.  ANDREW  JOHNSON. 

By  the  President :    F.  W.  SEWARD,  Acting  Secretary  of  State. 


1869.]  FOURTEENTH  CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENT.  257 

August  13,  1868. — Proclamation  of  treaty  of  friendship,  commerce  and  navigation  between 
United  States  and  Nicaragua. 

August  22, 1868. — Proclamation  declaring  Sitka  a  port  of  entry. 

October  9,  1868. — Proclamation  of  treaty  with  Great  Britain  in  regard  to  the  rights  of  natural 
ized  citizens,  and  similar  to  the  treaty  with  the  North  German  Confederation. 

October  31,  1868. — Proclamation  of  a  treaty  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  of  the  Mississippi,  by 
which  they  cede  to  the  United  States  all  their  lands,  in  return  for  which  ample  compensation  ia 
made,  and  a  tract  of  land  set  aside  in  the  Indian  country  south  of  Kansas  for  their  future  home. 

November  5, 1868. — Proclamation  of  an  extradition  treaty  with  Italy. 

November  9,  1868. — Proclamation  of  the  ratification  of  a  treaty  between  the  United  States  and 
the  Senecas,  Shawnees,  Quapaws,  Peorias,  Kaskaskias,  Weas,  Piankeshaws,  Miainies,  Ottawas, 
and  certain  Wyandottes. 

THE  FOURTEENTH  CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENT. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution,  as  passed  at  the 
first  bession  of  the  XXXIXth  Congress,  June  16, 1866 : 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

SECTION  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdic 
tion  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No  State 
shall  make  or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  nor  shall  any  state  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty  or  property  without  due 
process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

SEC.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  States  according  to  their  re 
spective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not 
taxed.  But  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for  President  and 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  representatives  in  Congress,  the  executive  and  judicial 
ofiicers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  in 
habitants  of  such  State,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the  basis  of  representa 
tion  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens  shall 
bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  State. 

SEC.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress,  or  elector  of  President 
or  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or  military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any 
State,  who,  having  previously  taken  an  oath  as  a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the 
United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State  Legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judicial  officer  of 
any  State,  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection 
or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof;  but  Congress 
may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  House,  remove  such  disability. 

SEC.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States,  authorized  by  law,  including 
debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing  the  insurrec 
tion  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  State  shall 
assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave  ;  but  all  such  debts,  obli 
gations  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 

SEC.  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate  legislation,  the  provisions 
of  this  article. 

On  the  20th  of  July,  1868,  Secretary  Seward  issued  a  circular  reciting  the  action  which  had 
been  had  by  the  respective  States,  and  on  the  21st,  Congress  adopted  a  resolution  declaring  the 
foregoing  article  to  be  a  part  of  the  Constitution. 

OFFICIAL  ANNOUNCEMENT  OF  ITS  RATIFICATION. 

To  ALL  WHOM  THESE  PRESENTS  MAY  COME,  GREETING:  Whereas,  By  an  act  of  Congress 
passed  on  the  20th  of  April,  1818,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  publication  of  the  laws  of 
the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  it  is  declared  that  "whenever  official  notice  shall 
have  been  received  at  the  Department  of  State  that  any  amendment  which  heretofore  has  been 
and  hereafter  may  be  proposed  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  has  been  adopted  ac 
cording  to  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  Secretary  of  State 
forthwith  to  cause  the  said  amendment  to  be  published  in  the  newspapers  authorized  to  pro 
mulgate  the  laws,  with  his  certificate,  specifying  the  statute  by  which  the  same  may  have  been 
adopted,  and  that  the  same  has  become  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  a  part  of  the  Consti 
tution  of  the  United  States.'1 
17 


258  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1SG9. 

And  Whereas,  The  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States,  on  the  21  st 
day  of  July,  18G8,  adopted  and  transmitted  to  the  Department  of  State  a  concurrent  resolution, 
which  concurrent  resolution  is  in  the  words  and  figures  following,  to  wit : 

Whereas,  The  Legislatures  of  the  States  of  Connecticut,  Tennessee,  New  Jersey,  Oregon, 
Vermont,  West  Virginia,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Indiana,  Ohio,  Illinois.  Minnesota,  New  York,  Wis 
consin,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  Michigan,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Ne 
braska,  Maine,  Arkansas,  Florida,  North  Carolina,  Alabama,  South  Carolina,  and  Louisiana, 
being  three-fourths  and  more  of  the  several  States  of  the  Union,  have  ratified  the  14th  article  of 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  duly  proposed  by  two-thirds  of  each 
House  of  the  XXXIXth  Congress ;  therefore 

Resolved,  By  the  Senate  (the  House  of  Representatives  concurring),  that  said  Fourteenth 
Article  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  it  shall  be 
duly  promulgated  as  such  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 

And  whereas,  Official  notice  has  been  received  at  the  Department  of  State,  that  the  Legisla 
tures  of  the  several  States  next  hereinafter  named  have,  at  the  time  respectively  herein  men 
tioned,  taken  the  proceedings,  hereinafter  recited,  upon  or  in  relation  to  the  ratification  of  the 
said  proposed  amendment,  called  Article  14,  namely :  The  Legislature  of  Connecticut  ratified 
the  amendment,  June  80, 1866.  The  Legislature  of  New  Hampshire  ratified  it  July  7, 1866.  The 
Legislature  of  Tennessee  ratified  it  July  19, 1866.  The  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  ratified  it 
September  11, 1866,  and  the  Legislature  of  the  same  State  passed  a  resolution  in  April,  1866,  to 
withdraw  its  consent  to  it.  The  Legislature  of  Oregon  ratified  it  Sept.  19, 1866.  The  Legisla 
ture  of  Texas  rejected  it  Nov.  1, 1866.  The  Legislature  of  Vermont  ratified  it  on  or  previous  to 
Nov.  9, 1866.  The  Legislature  of  Georgia  rejected  it  Nov.  13, 1866,  and  the  Legislature  of  the 
same  State  ratified  it  July  21, 1868.  The  Legislature  of  North  Carolina  rejected  it  Dec.  4, 1866, 
and  the  Legislature  of  the  same  State  ratified  it  July  4, 1868.  The  Legislature  of  South  Carolina 
rejected  it  Dec.  20, 1866,  and  the  Legislature  of  the  same  State  ratified  it  July  9, 1868.  The  Leg 
islature  of  Virginia  rejected  it  Jan.  9,  1867.  The  Legislature  of  Kentucky  rejected  it  Jan.  10, 

1867.  The  Legislature  of  New  York  ratified  it  Jan.  10, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Ohio  ratified 
it  Jan.  11, 1867,  and  the  Legislature  of  the  same  State  passed  a  resolution  in  January,  1868,  to 
withdraw  its  consent  to  it.    The  Legislature  of  Illinois  ratified  it  Jan.  15, 1867.    The  Legislature 
of  West  Virginia  ratified  it  Jan.  16, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Kansas  ratified  it  Jan.  18,  1867. 
The  Legislature  of  Maine  ratified  it  Jan.  19,  1867.    The  Legislature  of  Nevada  ratified  it  Jan. 
22, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Missouri  ratified  it  on  or  previous  to  Jan.  26, 1867.    The  Legisla 
ture  of  Indiana  ratified  it  Jan.  29, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Minnesota  ratified  it  Feb.  1, 1867. 
The  Legislature  of  Rhode  Island  ratified  it  Feb.  7, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Delaware  rejected 
it  Feb.  7, 18G7.     The  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  ratified  it  Feb.  12, 1867.    The  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  ratified  it  Feb.  13, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Michigan  ratified  it  Feb.  15, 1867. 
The  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  ratified  it  March  20, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Maryland  re 
jected  it  March  23, 1867.    The  Legislature  of  Nebraska  ratified  it  June  11, 1867.    The  Legisla 
ture  of  Iowa  ratified  it  April  3, 1868.    The  Legislature  of  Arkansas  ratified  it  April  6,  1868.  The 
Legislature  of  Florida  ratified  it  June  9, 1868.    The  Legislature  of  Louisiana  ratified  it  July  9, 

1868,  and  the  Legislature  of  Alabama  ratified  it  July  13,  1868. 

And  now,  therefore,  be  it  known  that  I,  William  II.  Seward,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United 
States,  in  execution  of  the  aforesaid  act,  and  of  the  aforesaid  concurrent  resolution  of  the  21.st 
of  July,  1868,  and  in  conformance  thereto,  do  hereby  direct  the  said  proposed  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  to  be  published  in  the  newspapers  authorized  to  promul 
gate  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  said  proposed  amendment 
has  been  adopted  in  the  manner  herein  before-mentioned  by  the  States  specified  in  the  said  con 
current  resolution,  namely:  the  States  of  Connecticut,  New  Hampshire,  Tennessee,  New  Jer 
sey,  Oregon,  Vermont,  New  York,  Ohio,  Illinois,  West  Virginia,  Kansas,  Maine,  Nevada,  Mis 
souri,  Indiana,  Minnesota,  Rhode  Island,  Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  Michigan,  Massachusetts, 
Nebraska,  Iowa,  Arkansas,  Florida,  North  Carolina,  Louisiana,  South  Carolina,  Alabama,  and 
also  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Georgia.  The  States  thus  specified  being  more  than 
three-fourths  of  the  States  of  the  United  States,  I  do  further  certify  that  the  said  amendment 
has  become  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  a  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

In  testimony  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  Department  of 
State  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  28th  day  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  the 
ninety-third. 

WILLIAM  H.  SEWARD,  Secretary  of  State. 


1869.]  SCHEDULE  OF  STAMP  DUTIES.  359 

SCHEDULE  OF  STAMP  DUTIES. 

AGREEMENT  OR  CONTRACT,  other  than  those  specified  in  this  schedule,  any  Appraisement  of 

damage,  or  for  any  other  purpose ;  for  every  sheet  or  piece  of  paper  on  which  written  $0.05 
If  more  than  one  agreement  be  written  on  the  sheet  of  paper,  for  each 05 

ASSIGNMENT  of  Mortgage,  or  Insurance  Policy,  same  stamp  as  original  document. 

BANK  CHECK,  or  Order,  for  any  amount 02 

BILL  OF  EXCHANGE,  (inland),  Draft  or  Order,  otherwise  than  at  sight,  or  on  demand,  or  any 
memorandum,  check,  receipt,  promissory  note,  or  other  written  or  printed  evidence 
of  money  to  be  paid  on  demand  or  a  time  designated,  for  a  sum  not  exceeding  $100.       .05 
For  every  additional  $100,  or  fractional  part  thereof. 05 

BILL  OF  EXCHANGE,  (foreign,)  drawn  in  but  payable  out  of  the  United  States,  if  drawn 

singly  or  otherwise  than  in  a  set  of  three  or  more 05 

BILL  OF  EXCHANGE,  if  drawn  in  sets  of  three  or  more  for  every  bill  of  each  set,  for  $100 

or  less,  or  its  equivalent  in  the  foreign  currency  expressed  in  it 02 

For  every  additional  $100  or  fractional  part  thereof 02 

BILL  OF  LADING,  or  Receipt  (other  than  Charter-Party)  for  goods  to  be  exported  to  for 
eign  port.    Duplicate  same  stamp  as  original 10 

BILL  OF  SALE  of  any  ship  or  vessel,  or  any  part  thereof,  where  the  consideration  is  $500 

or  less 50 

Exceeding  $500  and  less  than  $1,000 1.00 

Exceeding  $1,000,  for  every  additional  $500 50 

Of  personal  property 05 

BONDS  OF  INDEMNITY,  Penalty  $1,000  or  less 50 

Penalty  exceeding  $1,000,  for  every  additional  $1,000  or  fractional  part  thereof 50 

For  due  execution  or  performance  of  duties  of  office 1 .00 

BOND  of  any  description,  other  than  such  as  are  required  in  legal  proceedings,  or  are  used 

in  connection  with  mortgages,  and  not  otherwise  charged 25 

BOND  AND  MORTGAGE.    See  Mortgage. 

CERTIFICATE  OF  STOCK  in  any  incorporated  company 25 

OF  PROFITS,  in  an  incorporated  company,  for  $10  or  under,  to  $50 10 

For  over  $50  and  not  over  $1,000 25 

For  over  $1,000,  for  every  $1,000 25 

Of  Damage 25 

Of  Deposit,  for  a  sum  not  exceeding  $100 02 

Exceeding  $100 05 

Of  any  other  description 05 

CHARTER-PARTY,  if  tonnage  does  not  exceed  150  tons 1.00 

Exceeding  150  tons  and  less  than  300  tons 3.00 

Exceeding  300  tons  and  less  than  600  tons 5.00 

Exceeding  600  tons 10.00 

CONTRACT,  issued  by  brokers,  &c 10 

CONVEYANCE,  deed,  instrument,  or  writing,  whereby  any  lands,  tenements,  or  other  realty 
sold  shall  be  granted,  assigned,  transferred,  or  otherwise  conveyed  to  or  vested  in 

the  purchaser,  when  the  consideration  or  value  does  not  exceed  $500 50 

Value  exceeding  $500  and  not  exceeding  $1,000 1.00 

Exceeding  $1,000,  for  every  $500  or  less  additional 50 

ENTRY,  Custom  House,  for  consumption  or  warehousing  not  exceeding  $100 25 

Exceeding  $100,  and  not  exceeding  $500 50 

Exceeding  $500 1.00 

ENTRY,  WITHDRAWAL 50 

INSURANCE  (Life)  Policy,  for  $1,000  or  less 25 

Exceeding  $1,000,  and  not  over  $5,000 50 

Exceeding  $5,000 1.00 

(Marine,  Inland  and  Fire.)  each  Policy,  consideration  paid  for  which  not  exceeding  $10.       .10 

Exceeding  $10,  and  not  exceeding  $50 25 

Exceeding  $50 50 

LEASE,  where  rent  is  $300  or  less 50 

Exceeding  $300,  for  every  additional  $200 50 

MANIFEST,  tonnage  not  exceeding  300  tons 1.00 

Exceeding  300  tons,  and  not  exceeding  600  tons 3.00 

Exceeding  600  tons 5.00 


200  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

MORTGAGE  on  any  personal  bond  given  as  security  for  the  payment  of  any  definite  sum  of 

money,  exceeding  $100,  and  not  exceeding  $500 $0.50 

Exceeding  $500,  for  every  additional  $500  or  fractional  part  thereof 50 

PASSAGE  TICKETS  to  Foreign  ports,  not  exceeding  $35 50 

Exceeding  $35,  and  not  exceeding  $50 1 .00 

Exceeding  $50,  for  every  additional  $50  or  fractional  part  thereof 50 

POWER  OP  ATTORNEY,  for  sale  of  stock,  &c 25 

Or  Proxy  to  vote 10 

To  collect  rents 2£ 

To  sell  land 1.00 

POWER  OP  ATTORNEY  for  other  purposes 50 

PROBATE  OP  WILL  or  Letters  of  Administration,  estate  not  exceeding  in  value  $2,000 1.00 

For  every  additional  $1,000  in  excess  of  $2,000 50 

PROTEST 25 

RECEIPTS,  for  the  payment  of  money  or  a  debt  due,  exceeding  $20,  not  being  for  mortgage, 

judgment,  or  decree ;  and  receipt  for  delivery  of  property,  except  express  receipts.       .02 

Warehouse,  for  goods  not  exceeding  $500  in  value 10 

Exceeding  $500  and  not  exceeding  $1,000 20 

Exceeding  $1,000,  for  every  additional  $1,000  or  fractional  part 10 

For  goods  not  otherwise  provided  for 25 

WRIT,  or  other  original  process  by  which  any  suit  is  commenced  in  any  Court  of  Record. .       .50 

In  any  court  not  of  record,  amount  claimed  being  $100  or  over 50 

Appeals  from  Justice's  Court 50 

WARRANT  OP  DISTRESS,  amount  of  rent  not  over  $100 25 

Exceeding  $100 50 

Penalties.  Penalty  for  making,  signing,  or  issuing  any  instrument,  document,  or  paper  of 
any  kind  whatsoever,  without  the  Bame  being  duly  stamped,  $200,  and  the  instrument  shall  be 
deemed  invalid  and  of  no  effect ;  or  for  counterfeiting  stamps  or  dies,  $1,000,  and  imprisonment 
to  hard  labor  not  exceeding  five  years. 

Penalty  for  making,  signing,  issuing,  accepting  or  paying  any  Bill  of  Exchange,  Draft,  Order, 
or  Promissory  Note  without  stamp,  $200. 

Penalty  for  accepting  or  paying  a  foreign  Bill  of  Exchange  without  first  affixing  a  stamp,  $100. 

Penalty  recoverable  from  any  Telegraph  for  receiving  or  transmitting  any  message  without 
the  proper  adhesive  stamp  being  affixed  to  a  written  copy  thereof,  $10. 

General  Remarks.  In  all  cases,  the  person  affixing  the  stamp  should  write  upon  it  the 
initials  of  his  name  and  the  date  when  used. 

The  law  does  not  designate  which  of  the  parties  to  an  instrument  shall  furnish  the  necessary 
stamp,  nor  does  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  assume  to  determine  that  it  shall  be 
supplied  by  one  party  rather  than  by  another;  but  if  an  instrument  subject  to  stamp  duty 
is  issued  without  having  the  necessary  stamps  affixed  thereto,  it  cannot  be  recorded,  or  ad 
mitted,  or  used  aa  evidence,  in  any  court,  until  a  legal  stamp  or  stamps,  denoting  the  amount 
of  tax,  shall  have  been  affixed  as  prescribed  by  law,  and  the  person  who  thus  issues  it  is 
liable  to  a  penalty,  if  he  omits  the  stamps  with  an  intent  to  evade  the  provisions  of  the  inter 
nal  revenue  act. 

No  stamp  i«  necessary  upon  an  instrument  executed  prior  to  October  1, 1862,  to  make  it  ad 
missible  in  evidence,  or  to  entitle  it  to  record. 

Certificates  of  loan  in  which  there  shall  appear  any  written  or  printed  evidence  of  an  amount 
of  money  to  be  paid  on  demand,  or  at  a  time  designated,  are  subject  to  stamp  duty  as  "  prom 
issory  notes." 

When  two  or  more  persons  join  in  the  execution  of  an  instrument,  the  stamp  to  which  the 
instrument  is  liable  under  the  law  may  be  affixed  and  cancelled  by  either  of  them ;  and  "  when 
more  than  one  signature  is  affixed  to  the  same  paper,  one  or  more  stamps  may  be  affixed  there 
to,  representing  the  whole  amount  of  the  stamp  required  for  such  signatures." 

No  stamp  is  required  on  any  warrant  of  attorney  accompanying  a  bond  or  note,  when  such 
bond  or  note  has  affixed  thereto  the  stamp  or  stamps  denoting  the  duty  required ;  and,  when 
ever  any  bond  or  note  is  secured  by  mortgage,  but  one  stamp  duty  is  required  on  such  papers — 
such  stamp  duty  being  the  highest  rate  required  for  such  instruments,  or  cither  of  them.  In 
such  case  a  note  or  memorandum  of  the  value  or  denomination  of  the  stamp  affixed  should  be 
made  upon  the  margin  or  in  the  acknowledgment  of  the  instrument  which  is  not  stamped. 


I860.]  FORTIETH  CONGRESS.  261 

FORTIETH  CONGRESS.  —  Concluded. 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  op  SENATORS,  —  Concluded  from  page  78. 

Abbott,  Joseph  C.          McDonald,  Alexander    Robertson,  Thos.  J.       Warner,  Willard 
Harris,  John  S.  Osborn,  Thos.  W.  Sawyer,  Frederic  A.       Welch,  Adonijah  S. 

Kellogg,  Wm.  Pitt          Pool,  John  Spencer,  Geo.  E. 

McCreery,  Thos.  C.        Rice,  Benjamin  F.          Vickers,  Geo. 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,—  Concluded  from  page  78. 
Beatty,  John  Delano,  Columbus          Haughey,  Thos.  Pierce,  Chas.  W. 

Blackburn,  W.  Jasper    Deweese,  John  T.  Heaton,  David  Prince,  Chas.  H. 


Boles,  Thos. 
Bowen,  C.  C. 
Boyden,  Nathaniel 
Buckley,  Chas.  W. 
Callis,  John  B. 
Clift,  J.  W. 

Dickey,  Oliver  J. 
Dockery,  Oliver  II. 
Edwards,  Wm.  P. 
French,  John  R. 
Goss,  James  H. 
Gove,  SanVl  F. 

Jones,  Alexander  H. 
Kellogg,  Francis  W. 
Lash,  Israel  T. 
McKee,  Sam1! 
Newsham,  Joseph  P. 
Norris,  Benj.W. 

Roots,  Logan  H. 
Stover,  John  II. 
Sypher,  J.  Hale 
Tift,  Nelson 
Vidal,  Michael 
Whittemore,  Benj.  P. 

Corley,  Simeon  Hamilton,  Chas.  M.        Pettis,  S.  Newton  Young,  P.  M.  B. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES  ON  THE  PART  OP  THE  SENATE. 

Foreign  Relations.  Messrs.  Sumner  (chairman),  Fessenden,  Cameron,  Harlan,  Morton,  Pat 
terson  of  New  Hampshire,  and  Bayard. 

Finances.  Messrs.  Sherman  (chairman),  Morgan,  Warner,  Williams,  Corbett,  Henderson, 
Morrill  of  Vermont. 

Appropriations.  Messrs.  Morrill  of  Maine,  (chairman),  Grimes,  Howe,  Wilson,  Cole,  Conk- 
ling,  Buckalew. 

Commerce.  Messrs.  Chandler  (chairman),  Morrill  of  Vermont,  Vickers,  Spencer,  Kellogg, 
and  Corbett. 

Manufactures.    Messrs.  Sprague  (chairman),  Yates,  Abbott,  Dixon,  and  Robertson. 

Agriculture.    Messrs.  Cameron  (chairman),  Cattell,  Tipton,  Welch,  and  McCreery. 

Military  Affairs  and  the  Militia.  Messrs.  Wilson  (chairman),  Sprague,  Cameron,  Morton, 
Abbott,  Thayer,  and  Doolittle. 

Naval  Affairs.  Messrs.  Grimes  (chairman),  Anthony,  Cragin,  Frelinghuysen,  Drake,  Hen- 
dricks. 

Judiciary.  Messrs.  Trumbull  (chairman).  Stewart,  Frelinghuysen,  Edmunds,  Conkling,  Rice, 
Hendricke. 

Post-Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Messrs.  Ramsey  (chairman),  Conness,  Pomeroy,  Van  Winkle, 
McDonald,  Welch,  and  Dixon. 

Public  Lands.  Messrs.  Pomeroy  (chairman),  Stewart,  Osborne,  Williams,  Tipton,  Hendricks, 
and  Warner. 

Private  Land  Claims.    Messrs.  Williams  (chairman),  Sumner,  Kellogg,  Ferry,  Bayard. 

Indian  Affairs.  Messrs.  Henderson  (chairman),  Morrill  of  Maine,  Ross,  Corbett,  Thayer, 
Buckalew,  Doolittle. 

Pensions.  Messrs.  Van  Winkle  (chairman),  Edmunds,  Fowler,  Tipton,  Davis,  Spencer,  and 
Sawyer. 

Revolutionary  Claims.  Messrs.  Nye  (chairman),  Chandler,  Pool,  Patterson  'of  Tenn.,  and 
Saulsbury. 

Claims.  Messrs.  Howe  (chairman),  Willey,  Frelinghuysen,  Howard,  Robertson,  Cole,  and 
Davis. 

District  of  Columbia.  Messrs.  Harlan  (chairman),  Sumner,  Rice,  Patterson  (N.  H.),  Harris, 
Patterson  (Tenn.),  and  Vickers. 

Patents  and  the  Patent  Office.    Messrs.  Willey,  Osborne,  Thayer,  Ferry,  and  Norton. 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  Messrs.  Fessenden  (chairman),  Trumbull,  Ferry,  Davis,  and 
Whyte. 

Territories.  Messrs.  Yates  (chairman),  Nye,  Cragin,  Fowler,  McDonald,  Ferry,  McCreery, 
Davis,  and  Norton. 

Pacific  Railroad.  Messrs.  Howard  (chairman),  Sherman,  Morgan,  Conness,  Ramsey,  Stewart, 
Wilson,  Harlan,  and  Drake, 

To  Audit  and  Control  the  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate.  Messrs.  Cragin  (chairman), 
Morrill  (Vt.),  and  Buckalew. 

Engrossed  Bills.    Messrs.  Fowler  (chairman),  Sumner,  and  Norton. 


262 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[I860. 


Mines  and  Mining.  Messrs.  Conucss  (chairman),  Chandler,  Anthony,  Yates,  Ross,  Saulsbury, 
and  Whyte. 

Revision  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States.  Messrs.  Conkling  (chairman),  Suinner,  Bales,  Bay 
ard,  and  Pool. 

Special  Committee  on  Raihvays.  Messrs.  Sherman  (chairman),  Suraner,  Buckalew,  Chandler, 
Stewart,  Ramsey,  and  Vickers. 

Committee  to  inquire  whether  any  improper  means  have  been  used,  or  attempted  to  be  used,  for 
influencing  (he  rote  of  Senators  upon  the  Impeachment.  Messrs.  Buckalew,  Morrill  (Me.),  Chand 
ler,  Stewart,  and  Thayer. 

JOINT  STANDING  COMMITTEES  ON  THE  PART  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Printing.    Messrs.  Anthony,  Whyte,  and  Harris. 

Enrolled  Bills.    Messrs.  Ross,  Patterson  (N.  II.).  and  Dixon. 

Library.    Messrs.  Morgan,  Howe,  and  Fcssenden. 

Retrenchment.    Messrs.  Edmunds,  Williams,  Patterson  (N.  II.),  and  Bnckalew. 

To  Revise  and  Fix  the  Pay  of  the  Officers  of  the  Two  Houses.  Messrs.  Fessendcn,  Sherman, 
and  Buckalew. 

To  Examine  Claims  and  Accounts  for  Repairs,  and  Furnishing  the  Executive  Mansion.  Messrs. 
Harland  (chairman),  and  Norton. 

Ordnance.    Messrs.  Howard  (chairman),  Cameron,  and  Drake. 

Revising  Rules  of  the  Senate.    Messrs.  Anthony  (chairman),  Pomeroy,  and  Edmunds. 

HOUSE  APPOINTMENTS  TO  FILL  VACANCIES. 

Revision  of  Laivs.    Messrs.  McKee  (Ky.),  Dickey  (Perm.),  Boyden  (N.  C.),  and  Butler  (Tcnu.) 
Elections.    Messrs.  Pettus  (Penn.),  and  Stover  (Mo.) 
Commerce.    Mr.  Kellogg  (Ala.) 
Appropriations.    Mr.  Scofield  (Penn.) 
Pacific  Railroad.    Mr.  Trimble  (Ky.) 
Reconstruction.    Mr.  Norris  (Ala.) 
Military.    Messrs.  Deweese  (N.  C.),  and  Sypher  (La.) 
Freedmen's  Affairs.    Mr.  Bowen  (S.  C.) 
Education  and  Labor.    Mr.  Whittemore  (S.  C.) 

Revolutionary  Pensions.    Messrs.  Jones  (N.  C.),  Clift  (Ga.),  and  Blackburn  (La.) 
Revolutionary  Claims.    Messrs.  Dockery  (N.  C.),  Goss  (S.  C.),  and  Edwards  (Ga.) 
Mileage.    Mr.  Young  of  Georgia. 
Enrolled  Bills.    Mr.  Callis  of  Alabama. 

Expenditures  in  the  State  Department.    Messrs.  Vidal  (La.),  Corley  (Ga.),  and  Boles  <Ark.) 
Expenditures  in  the  Treasiiry  Department.    Messrs.  Lash  (N.  C.),  and  Tift  (Ga.) 
Expenditures  in  the  War  Department.    Mr.  French  of  North  Carolina. 
Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Dejmrtment.    Messrs.  Buckalew  (Ala.),  and  Gove  (Ga.) 
Expenditures  in  the  Post- Office  Department.    Mr.  Newsham  of  Louisiana. 
Expenditures  in  the  Interioi*  Department.    Messrs.  Pierce  (Ala.),  and  Prince  (Ga.) 
Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings.    Mr.  Haughey  of  Alabama. 


FORTY-FIRST  CONGRESS — AS  FAR  AS  CHOSEN. 


ALABAMA. 
Willard  Warner  

.1871 

THE  SENATE. 
DELAWARE. 

Willard  Saulsbury. 

Term 
expires. 
1871 

INDIANA. 
Oliver  P  Morton 

Term 
1873 

George  E.  Spencer. 

1873 

Thos  Bayard 

1875 

D  D  Pratt 

187*1 

ARKANSAS. 
Alexander  McDonald  

.1871 

FLORIDA. 
Abijah  Gilbert.. 

..1875 

IOWA. 
James  W.  Grimes  

..  1871 

Thomas  W.  Osborn. 

1873 

Jamea  Harlan 

1873 

CALIFORNIA. 
Cornelius  Cole  

.1873 

GEORGIA. 
H.  V.  M.  Miller 

1871 

KANSAS. 

1871 

Eugene  Casserly  

1875 

Joshua  Hill 

1873 

1873 

CONNECTICUT. 
Orris  S.  Ferry  
William  A.  Buckingham. 

.1873 
.1875 

ILLINOIS. 
Richard  Yates  
Lyrnan  Trumbull  

..1871 
..1873 

KENTUCKY. 
Thos.  C.  McCreery  
Garret  Davis... 

...1871 
...1873 

I860.] 


FORTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. 


LOUISIANA. 

NEBRASKA. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Win.  Pitt  Kellogg  1871 

John  M.  Thaver  1871 
Thomas  W  Tipton            1875 

Henry  B.  Anthony  1871 

MAINE. 

NEVADA. 
James  W.  N>'6  1873 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Wra.  Pitt  Fessenden  1871 

William  M  Stewart.    .  .  .  1875 

Thomas  J.  Robertson  1871 

Hannibal  Hamlin  1875 

Frederick  A.  Sawyer  1873 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

MARYLAND. 

Aaron  H.  Cragin  1871 

TENNESSEE. 

George  Vickers                    1873 

James  W.  Patterson  1873 

Joseph  S.  Fowler                1871 

Win.  T.  Hamilton  1875 

William  G.  Brownlow.  .  '.  '.  '.  1875 

NEW  JERSEY. 
Alexander  G  Cattell  1871 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

John  P  Stockton  1875 

TEXAS. 

Henry  Wilson                      1871 

(Not  represented  in  the    

Charles  Sunnier                   1875 

NEW  YORK. 

Senate)  .                           

Roscoe  Conkling  1873 

MICHIGAN. 

Reuben  E.  Fenton  1875 

VERMONT. 

Jacob  M.  Howard  1871 

Justin  S.  Morrill  1873 

Zachariah  Chandler  1875 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Joseph  C.  Abbott  1871 

George  F.  Edmunds  1875 

. 

John  Pool      1873 

MINNESOTA. 

VIRGINIA. 

DanielS  Norton  1871 

OHIO. 

(Not  represented  in  the    

Alexander  Ramsey  1875 

John  Sherman  1873 

Senate)  .         •                   

Allen  G.  Thurman!  ......  1875 

MISSISSIPPI. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

(Not  represented  in  the    

OREGON. 
George  H.  Williams  1871 

Waitman  T.  Willey  1871 

MISSOUBI. 

Henry  W.  Corbett  1873 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

WISCONSIN. 

Charles  D.  Drake  1873 

Simon  Cameron                   1873 

Timothy  O.  Howe  1873 

Carl  Schurz             .       .  .  .  .  1875 

John  Scott  1875 

Matt.  H.  Carpenter.  '.  .  .  .  .  1875 

HOUSE  or  REPRESENTATIVES. 

ALABAMA. 

10.  Albert  G.  Burr. 

LOUISIANA. 

(No  members  of  Congress 
chosen  in  1868). 

11.  Samuel  S.  Marshall. 
12.  John  B.  Hay. 
13.  John  M.  Krebs. 

1.  Louis  St.  Martin. 
2.  Lewis  A.  Sheldon. 
3.  Adolphe  Bailey. 

ARKANSAS. 

•  . 

4.  Michael  Ryan. 

1.  Logan  H.  Roots. 
2.  A.  A.  C.  Rogers. 
3.  L.  B.  Nash. 

INDIANA. 
1.  William  E.  Niblack. 
2.  Michael  C.  Kerr. 

5.  George  W.  McCranie. 
MAINE. 

3.  William  S.  Holman. 

CALIFORNIA. 

4.  George  W.  Julian. 

2!  Samuel  Merrill. 

1.  Samuel  B.  Axtell. 
2.  Aaron  A.  Sargent. 
3.  James  A.  Johnson. 

5.  John  Coburn. 
6.  Daniel  W.  Voorhees. 
7.  Godlove  S.  Orth. 
8.  Daniel  D.  Pratt. 

3.  James  G.  Elaine. 
4.  John  A.  Peters. 
5.  Eugene  Hale. 

CONNECTICUT. 

9.  John  P.  C.  Shanks. 
10.  William  Williams. 

MARYLAND. 

(Elects  four  members  in  April). 

11.  Jasper  Packard. 

1.  Samuel  Hambleton. 
2.  Stevenson  Archer. 

DELAWARE. 

IOWA. 

3.  Thomas  Swann. 

1.  Benjamin  T.  Briggs. 

1.  George  W.  McCrary. 

4.  Patrick  Hamill. 
5.  Frederick  Stone. 

2.  William  Smyth. 

FLORIDA. 
1.  Charles  M.  Hamilton. 

3.  William  B.  Allison. 
4.  William  Loughridge. 
5.  Francis  W.  Palmer. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
1.  James  Bufflnton. 

GEORGIA. 

(No  election  for  this  Congress). 

6.  Charles  Pomeroy. 
KANSAS. 

2.  Oakes  Ames. 
3.  Ginery  Twitchell. 
4.  Samuel  Hooper. 

ILLINOIS. 

1.  Sidney  Clarke. 

5.  Benjamin  F.  Butler. 
6.  Nathaniel  P.  Banks. 

John  A.  Logan.  At  Large. 

KENTUCKY. 

7.  George  S.  Boutwell. 

1.  Norman  B.  Judd. 
2.  J.  F.  Farnsworth. 

1.  L.  S.  Trimble. 
2.  Wm.  M.  Sweeney. 

8.  George  F.  Hoar. 
9.  Wm.  B.  Washburn. 

3.  E.  B.  Washburne. 

3.  Jacob  S.  Golladay. 

10.  Henry  L.  Dawes. 

4.  John  B.  Hawley. 

4.  J.  Proctor  Knott. 

5.  Ebon  C.  Ingersoll 
6.  Burton  C.  Cook. 

5.  Boyd  Winchester. 
6.  Thomas  L.  Jones. 

MICHIGAN. 
1.  Fernando  C.  Beaman. 

7.  Jesse  A.  Moore. 
8.  Shelby  M.  Cullom. 
9.  Tho'n  W.  McNeeley. 

7.  James  B.  Beck. 
8.  George  M.  Adams. 
9.  John  M.  Rice. 

2.  Wm.  L.  Stoughton. 
3.  Austin  Blair. 
4.  Thomas  W.  Ferry. 

264 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


5.  OmarD.  Conger. 

21.  Alexander  H.  Bailey. 

16.  John  Cessna. 

6.  Randolph  Strickland. 

22.  John  C.  Churchill. 

17.  Daniel  J.  Morrill. 

23.  Dennis  McCarthy. 

18.  William  H.  Armstrong. 

MINNESOTA. 

2-1.  George  W.  Cowles. 

19.  Glenni  W.  Scofield. 

1.  Morton  S.  Wilkinson. 
2.  Eugene  M.  Wilson. 

25.  William  H.  Kelsey. 
26.  Giles  W.  Hotchkiss. 
27.  Hamilton  Ward. 

20.  Calvin  W.  Gilfillan. 
21.  Henry  D.  Foster. 
(Contested    by    John    Co- 

AT 

28.  Noah  Davis,  Jr. 

vode). 

(Nore.gularelect.ion.  The  State 
is  still  unreconstructed). 

29.  John  Fisher. 
30.  David  S.  Bennett. 
31.  Porter  Sheldon. 

22.  James  S.  Negley. 
23.  Darwin  Phelps. 
24.  James  B.  Donley. 

MISSOURI. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

1.  Erastus  Wells. 
2.  G.  A.  Finkclburg. 
3.  J.  R.  McCormick. 
4.  Sempro.  H.  Boyd. 
5.  Samuel  S.  Burdett. 

1.  C.  L.  Cobb. 
2.  David  Heaton. 
3.  Oliver  H.  Dockery. 
4.  John  T.  Dcwcese. 
5.  Israel  G.  Lash. 

1.  Thomas  A.  Jenckes. 
2.  Nathan  F.  Dixon. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

6.  James  Shields. 

6.  Francis  E.  Shober. 

1.  B.  F.  Whittemore. 

7.  John  F.  Asper. 

7.  Plato  Durham. 

2.  C.  C.  Bowen. 

8.  John  F.  Benjamin. 

3.  J.  P.  Reed. 

9.  William  T.  Switzer. 

OHIO. 

4.  W.  D.  Simpson. 

NEBRASKA. 

1.  Philip  W.  Strader. 

TENNESSEE. 

1.  John  Taffe. 

NEVADA. 
1.  Thomas  Fitch. 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 
(Will  elect  three  members  in 
March). 

2.  Job  E.  Stevenson. 
3.  Robert  C.  Schenck. 
4.  William  Lawrence. 
5.  William  Mungen. 
6.  John  A.  Smith. 
7.  James  J.  Winans. 
8.  John  Beatty. 
9.  Edward  F.  Dickinson. 
10.  Truman  H.  Hoag. 

1.  Robert  R.  Butler. 
2.  Horace  Maynard. 
3.  William  B.  Stokes. 
4.  Lewis  Tillman. 
5.  William  F.  Prosser. 
6.  Samuel  M.  Arnell. 
7.  Isaac  R.  Hawkins. 
8.  John  W.  Leftwich. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

11.  John  T.  Wilson. 
12.  Philad.  V.  Trump. 

TEXAS. 

1.  William  Moore. 

13.  George  W.  Morgan. 

(No  election  held  in  this  State 

2.  Charles  Haight. 

14.  Martin  Welker. 

except  for  a  Constitutional 

3.  John  T.  Bird. 

15.  Eliakim  H.  Moore. 

Convention). 

4.  John  Hill. 

IB.  John  A.  Bingham. 

5.  Orestes  Cleveland. 

17.  Jacob  A.  Ambler. 

VERMONT. 

NEW  YORK. 

18.  William  H.  Upson. 
19.  James  A.  Garfield. 

1.  Charles  W.  Willard. 
2.  Luke  P.  Poland. 

1.  Henry  A.  Reeves. 
2.  John  G.  Schumaker. 

OREGON. 

3.  Worthington  C.  Smith. 

3.  Henry  W.  Slocum. 

1.  J.  S.  Smith. 

VIRGINIA. 

4.  John  Fox. 
5.  John  Morrissey. 
6.  Samuel  S.  Cox. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
1.  Samuel  J.  Randall. 

(No  election   held   since    the 
vote    for   a    Convention    in 
18(37) 

7.  Harvey  C.  Calkins 

2.  Charles  O'Neill. 

8.  James  Brooks. 

3.  John  Moftatt. 

"Wf       V 

9.  Fernando  Wood. 
10.  Clarkson  N.  Potter. 
11.  George  W.  Greene. 
12.  John  H.  Ketcham. 
13.  John  A.  Griswold. 

4.  William  D.  Kelley. 
5.  John  R.  Reading. 
6.  John  D.  Stiles. 
7.  Washington  Townsend. 
8.  J.  Lawrence  Getz. 

1.  Isaac  II.  Duval. 
2.  James  C.  McGrew. 
3.  John  S.  Witcher. 

14.  Stephen  L.  Mayham. 

9.  Oliver  J.  Dickey. 

WISCONSIN. 

15.  Adolphus  H.  Tanner. 

10.  Henry  L.  Cake. 

1.  Halbert  E.  Paine. 

16.  Orange  Ferriss. 
17.  William  A.  Wheeler. 

11.  Daniel  M.  Van  Auken. 
12.  George  W.  Woodward. 

2.  Benjamin  F.  Hopkins. 
3.  Amasa  Cobb. 

18.  Stephen  Sanford. 
19.  Charles  S.  Knapp. 

13.  Ulysses  Mercur. 
14.  John  B.  Packer. 

4.  Charles  A.  Eldridge. 
5.  Philetus  Sawyer. 

20.  Addison  H.  Laliin. 

15.  Richard  J.  Haldeman. 

6.  Cad.  C.  Washburne. 

POLITICAL  CLASSIFICATION  OF  CONGRESS. 

Were  the  States  all  reconstructed  and  represented  in  Congress,  the  number  of  Senators 
would  be  74,  and  the  number  of  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  243.  But  as  Missis 
sippi,  Texas,  and  Virginia  are  not  represented,  the  present  number  is,  in  the  Senate  66,  and  in 
the  House  of  Representatives,  225. 

In  the  Fortieth  Congress,  the  members  are  politically  classified  as  follows  :  In  the  Senate- 
Republicans,  54 ;  Democrats,  12;  Republican  majority,  42.  In  the  House — Republicans,  174; 
Democrats,  48—3  vacancies  ;  Republican  majority,  126. 

In  the  Forty-first  Congress,  the  members  elect  are:  In  the  Senate — Republicans,  56;  Demo 
crats,  11 — 7  vacancies;  Republican  majority,  45.  In  the  House — Republicans,  132 ;  Democrats, 
74;  Republican  majority,  58,— 37  vacancies,  or  not  yet  elected. 


1869.]  NATIONAL  PLATFORMS.  265 

NATIONAL,  PLATFORMS  OP  1868. 
REPUBLICAN,  AT  CHICAGO,  MAY. 

The  National  Republican  party  of  the  United  States,  assembled  in  National  Convention  in 
the  city  of  Chicago,  on  the  21st  of  May,  1806,  make  the  following  declaration  of  principles : 

1.  We  congratulate  the  country  on  the  assured  success  of  the  reconstruction  policy  of  Con 
gress,  as  evinced  by  the  adoption,  in  a  majority  of  the  States  lately  in  rebellion,  of  constitutions 
securing  equal  civil  and  political  rights  to  all ;   and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Government  to  sustain 
those  institutions  and  to  prevent  the  people  of  such  States  from  being  remitted  to  a  state 
of  anarchy. 

2.  The  guaranty  by  Congress  of  equal  suffrage  to  all  loyal  men  at  the  South  was  demanded  by 
every  consideration  of  public  safety,  of  gratitude,  and  of  justice,  and  must  be  maintained : 
while  the  question  of  suffrage  in  all  the  loyal  States  properly  belongs  to  the  people  of  those 
States. 

3.  We  denounce  all  forms  of  repudiation  as  a  national  crime ;  and  the  national  honor  requires 
the  payment  of  the  public  indebtedness  in  the  uttermost  good  faith  to  all  creditors  at  home  and 
abroad,  not  only  according  to  the  letter,  but  the  spirit  of  the  laws  under  which  it  was  contracted. 

4.  It  is  due  to  the  labor  of  the  nation  that  taxation  should  be  equalized,  and  reduced  as  rap 
idly  as  the  national  faith  will  permit. 

5.  The  national  debt,  contracted  as  it  has  been  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union  for  all  time 
to  come,  should  be  extended  over  a  fair  period  for  redemption ;  and  it  is  the  duty  of  Congress  to 
reduce  the  rate  of  interest  thereon,  whenever  it  can  be  honestly  done. 

6.  That  the  best  policy  to  diminish  our  burden  of  debt  is  to  so  improve  our  credit  that  capi 
talists  will  seek  to  loan  us  money  at  lower  rates  of  interest  than  we  now  pay,  and  must  continue 
to  pay  so  long  as  repudiation,  partial  or  total,  open  or  covert,  is  threatened  or  suspected. 

7.  The  Government  of  the  United  States  should  be  administered  with  the  strictest  economy ; 
and  the  corruptions  which  have  been  so  shamefully  nursed  and  fostered  by  Andrew  Johnson 
call  loudly  for  radical  reform. 

8.  We  profoundly  deplore  the  untimely  and  tragic  death  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  regret  the 
accession  to  the  Presidency  of  Andrew  Johnson,  who  has  acted  treacherously  to  the  people  who 
elected  him  and  the  cause  he  was  pledged  to  support ;  who  has  usurped  high  legislative  and  ju 
dicial  functions;  who  has  refused  to  execute  the  laws;   who  has  used  his  high  office  to  induce 
other  officers  to  ignore  and  violate  the  laws  ;  who  has  employed  his  executive  powers  to  render 
insecure  the  property,  the  peace,  liberty  and  life,  of  the  citizen ;  who  has  abused  the  pardoning 
power ;  who  has  denounced  the  national  legislature  as  unconstitutional  •   who  has  persistently 
and  corruptly  resisted,  by  every  means  in  his  power,  every  proper  attempt  at  the  reconstruction 
of  the  States  lately  in  rebellion ;  who  has  perverted  the  public  patronage  into  an  engine  of 
wholesale  corruption ;  and  who  has  been  justly  impeached  for  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors, 
and  properly  pronounced  guilty  thereof  by  the  vote  of  thirty-five  Senators. 

9.  The  doctrine  of  Great  Britain  and  other  European  powers,  that  because  a  man  \s  once  a 
subject  he  is  always  so,  must  be  resisted  at  every  hazard  by  the  United  States,  as  a  relic  of  feu 
dal  times,  not  authorized  by  the  laws  of  nations,  and  at  war  with  our  national  honor  and  inde 
pendence.     Naturalized  citizens  are  entitled  to  protection  in  all  their  rights  of  citizenship,  as 
though  they  were  native-born  ;  and  no  citizen  of  the  United  States,  native  or  naturalized,  intiHt 
be  liable  to  arrest  and  imprisonment  by  any  foreign  power  for  acts  done  or  words  spoken  in  this 
country ;  and,  if  so  arrested  and  imprisoned,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Government  to  interfere  in 
his  behalf. 

10.  Of  all  who  were  faithful  in  the  trials  of  the  late  war,  there  were  none  entitled  to  more 
especial  honor  than  the  brave  soldiers  and  seamen  who  endured  the  hardships  of  campaign  and 
cruise,  and  imperilled  their  lives  in  the  service  of  the  country ;  the  bounties  and  pensions  pro 
vided  by  the  laws  for  these  brave  defenders  of  the  nation  are  obligations  never  to  be  forgotten ; 
the  widows  and  orphans  of  the  gallant  dead  are  the  wards  of  the  people — a  sacred  legacy  be 
queathed  to  the  nation's  protecting  care. 

11.  Foreign  immigration,  which  in  the  past  has  added  so  much  to  the  wealth,  development, 
and  resources,  and  increase  of  power  to  this  republic,  the  asylum  of  the  oppressed  of  all  nations, 
should  be  fostered  and  encouraged  by  a  liberal  and  just  policy. 

12.  This  convention  declares  itself  in  sympathy  with  all  oppressed  peoples  struggling  for 
their  rights. 

13.  That  we  highly  commend  the  spirit  of  magnanimity  and  forbearance  with  which  men  who 
have  served  in  the  rebellion,  but  who  now  frankly  and  honestly  co-operate  with  us  in  restoring 
the  peace  of  the  country  and  reconstructing  the  southern  State  governments  upon  the  basis 


26G  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

of  impartial  justice  and  equal  rights,  are  received  back  into  the  communion  of  the  loyal  people ; 
and  we  favor  the  removal  of  the  disqualifications  and  restrictions  imposed  upon  the  late  rebels 
in  the  same  measure  as  the  spirit  of  disloyalty  will  die  out,  and  as  may  be  consistent  with  the 
safety  of  the  loyal  people. 

14.  That  we  recognize  the  great  principles  laid  down  in  the  immortal  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence,  as  the  true  foundation  of  democratic  government ;  and  we  hail  with  gladness  every 
effort  toward  making  these  principles  a  living  reality  on  every  inch  of  American  soil. 

SOLDIERS' -AND  SAILORS'  NATIONAL  CONVENTION  AT  CHICAGO,  MAT. 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  soldiers  and  sailors,  steadfast  now  as  ever  to  the  Union  and  the  flag,  and 
fully  recognizing  the  claims  of  General  Ulysses  S.  Grant  to  the  confidence  of  the  American  peo 
ple,  and  believing  that  its  victories  under  his  guidance  in  war  will  be  illustrated  by  him  in  peace 
by  such  measures  as  shall  secure  the  fruits  of  our  exertions  and  the  restoration  of  the  Union 
upon  a  loyal  basis,  we  declare  it  as  our  deliberate  conviction  that  he  is  the  choice  of  the  soldiers 
and  sailors  of  the  Union  for  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

2.  That  in  the  maintenance  of  those  principles  which  underlie  our  Government,  and  for  which 
we  fought  during  four  years,  we  pledge  our  earnest  and  active  support  to  the  Republican  party 
as  the  only  political  organization  which,  in  our  judgment,  is  true  to  the  principles  of  loyalty 
and  equality  before  the  law. 

3.  That  speaking  for  ourselves  and  the  soldiers  and  sailors  who  imperilled  their  lives  to  pre 
serve  the  Union,  we  believe  that  the  impeachment  of  Andrew  Johnson  by  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  for  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors  in  office,  and  his  trial  by  the  United  States  Sen 
ate,  have  presented  unmistakable  proofs  of  his  guilt,  and  that  whatever  may  be  the  judgment 
of  the  tribunal  before  which  he  is  arraigned,  the  verdict  of  guilty  has  been  rendered  by  the 
people,  and  we  regard  any  Senator  who  has  voted  for  acquittal  as  falling  short  of  the  proper 
discharge  of  his  duty  in  this  hour  of  the  nation's  trial,  and  as  unworthy  of  the  confidence  of  a 
brave  and  loyal  people. 

4.  That  the  soldiers  and  sailors  recognize  no  difference  between  native  and  adopted  citizens, 
and  they  demand  that  the  Government  shall  protect  naturalized  citizens  abroad  as  well  as  those 
of  native  birth. 

GENERAL  GRANT'S  LETTER,  OF  ACCEPTANCE. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.  May  29, 1868. 
General  JOSEPH  R.  HAWLEY,  President  National  Union  Republican  Convention: 

In  formally  accepting  the  nomination  of  the  National  Union  Republican  Convention  of  the 
21et  of  May  instant,  it  seems  proper  that  some  statement  of  views  beyond  the  mere  acceptance 
of  the  nomination  should  be  expressed. 

The  proceedings  of  the  convention  were  marked  by  wisdom,  moderation,  and  patriotism,  and 
I  believe  express  the  feelings  of  the  great  mass  of  those  who  sustained  the  country  through  its 
recent  trials.  I  endorse  their  resolutions.  If  elected  to  the  office  of  President  of  the  United 
States,  it  will  be  my  endeavor  to  administer  all  the  laws  in  good  faith,  with  economy,  and  with 
the  view  of  giving  peace,  quiet  and  protection  everywhere.  In  times  like  the  present  it  is  im 
possible,  or  at  least  eminently  improper,  to  lay  down  a  policy  to  be  adhered  to,  right  or  wrong, 
through  an  administration  of  four  years.  New  political  issues,  not  foreseen,  are  constantly 
arising ;  the  views  of  the  public  on  old  ones  are  constantly  changing,  and  a  purely  administrative 
officer  should  always  be  left  free  to  execute  the  will  of  the  people.  I  always  have  respected 
that  will  and  always  shall. 

Peace  and  universal  prosperity,  its  sequence,  with  economy  of  administration,  will  lighten  the 
burden  of  taxation,  while  it  constantly  reduces  the  national  debt.  Let  us  have  peace. 

With  great  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

U.  S.  GRANT. 

MR.  COLFAX'S  LETTER  OF  ACCEPTANCE. 

WASHINGTON,  May  30, 1868. 
Hon.  J.  R.  HAWLEY,  President  National  Union  Republican  Convention  : 

DEAR  SIB  ;  The  platform  adopted  by  the  patriotic  convention  over  which  you  presided,  and 
the  resolutions  which  so  happily  supplement  it,  so  entirely  agree  with  my  views  as  to  a  just 
national  policy,  that  my  thanks  are  -due  to  the  delegates,  as  much  for  this  clear  and  auspicious 
declaration  of  principles  as  for  the  nomination  with  which  I  have  been  honored,  and  which  I 
gratefully  accept. 


1869.]  NATIONAL  PLATFORMS.  267 

When  a  great  rebellion,  which  imperilled  the  national  existence,  was  at  last  overthrown,  the 
duty  of  all  others  devolving  on  those  intrusted  with  the  responsibilities  of  legislation  evidently 
was  to  require  that  the  revolted  States  should  be  readmitted  to  participation  in  the  Government 
against  which  they  had  warred  only  on  such  a  basis  as  to  increase  and  fortify,  not  to  weaken  or 
endanger,  the  strength  of  the  nation. 

Certainly  no  one  ought  to  have  claimed  that  they  should  be  readmitted  under  such  rules  that 
their  organization  as  States  could  ever  again  be  used,  as  at  the  opening  of  the  war,  to  defy  the 
national  authority,  or  to  destroy  the  national  unity.  This  principle  has  been  the  pole  star  of 
those  who  have  inflexibly  insisted  on  the  congressional  policy  your  convention  so  cordially 
endorsed.  Baffled  by  executive  opposition,  and  by  persistent  refusals  to  accept  any  plan  of  re 
construction  proffered  by  Congi-ess,  justice  and  public  safety  at  last  combined  to  teach  us  that 
only  by  an  enlargement  of  suffrage  in  those  States  could  the  desired  end  be  attained,  and  that 
it  was  even  more  safe  to  give  the  ballot  to  those  who  loved  the  Union  than  to  those  who  had 
sought  ineffectually  to  destroy  it.  The  assured  success  of  this  legislation  is  being  written  on 
the  adamant  of  history,  and  will  be  our  triumphant  vindication.  More  clearly,  too,  than  ever 
before  does  the  nation  now  recognize  that  the  greatest  glory  of  a  republic  is,  that  it  throws  the 
shield  of  its  protection  over  the  humblest  and  weakest  of  its  people,  and  vindicates  the  rights 
of  the  poor  and  powerless  as  faithfully  as  those  of  the  rich  and  powerful. 

I  rejoice,  too,  in  this  convention,  to  find  in  your  platform  the  frank  and  fearless  avowal  that 
the  naturalized  citizens  must  be  protected  abroad,  uat  every  hazard,  as  though  they  were  native- 
born.'"  Our  whole  people  are  foreigners  or  descendants  of  foreigners.  Our  fathers  established 
by  arms  their  right  to  be  called  a  nation.  It  remains  for  us  to  establish  the  right  to  welcome  to 
our  shores  all  who  are  willing  by  oaths  of  allegiance  to  become  American  citizens.  Perpetual 
allegiance,  as  claimed  abroad,  is  only  another  name  for  perpetual  bondage,  and  would  make  all 
slaves  to  the  soil  where  first  they  saw  the  light.  Our  national  cemeteries  prove  how  faithfully 
these  oaths  of  fidelity  to  their  adopted  land  have  been  sealed  in  the  life  blood  of  thousands 
upon  thousands.  Should  we  not  then  be  faithless  to  the  dead  if  we  did  not  protect  their  living 
brethren  in  the  enjoyment  of  that  nationality,  for  which,  side  by  side  with  the  native-born,  our 
soldiers  of  foreign  birth  laid  down  their  lives. 

It  was  fitting,  too.  that  the  representatives  of  a  party  which  had  proved  so  true  to  national 
duty  In  time  of  war  should  speak  so  clearly  In  time  of  peace  for  the  maintenance  untarnished 
of  national  honor,  national  credit,  and  good  faith  as  regards  its  debt,  the  cost  of  our  national 
existence. 

I  do  not  need  to  extend  this  reply  by  further  comment  on  a  platform  which  has  elicited  euch 
hearty  approval  throughout  the  laud.  The  debt  of  gratitude  it  acknowledges  to  the  brave  men 
who  saved  the  Union  from  destruction — the  frank  approval  of  amnesty  based  on  repentance 
and  loyalty — the  demand  for  the  most  thorough  economy  and  honesty  in  the  Government — the 
sympathy  of  the  party  of  liberty  with  all  throughout  the  world  who  long  for  the  liberty  we  here 
enjoy — and  the  recognition  of  the  sublime  principles  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  are 
worthy  of  the  organization  on  whose  banners  they  are  to  be  written  in  the  coming  contest. 

Its  past  record  cannot  be  blotted  out  or  forgotten.  If  there  had  been  no  Republican  party, 
slavery  would  to-day  cast  its  baleful  shadow  over  the  republic.  If  there  had  been  no  Republican 
party,  a  free  press  and  free  speech  would  be  as  unknown  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Rio  Grande 
as  ten  years  ago.  If  the  Republican  party  could  have  been  stricken  from  existence  when  the 
banner  of  rebellion  was  unfurled,  and  when  the  response  of  "no  coercion"  was  heard  at  the 
North,  we  would  have  had  no  nation  to-day.  But  for  the  Republican  party  daring  to  risk  the 
odium  of  tax  and  draft  laws,  our  flag  could  not  have  been  kept  flying  on  the  field  till  the  long- 
looked-for  victory  came.  Without  a  Republican  party,  the  civil  rights  bill,  the  guarantee  of 
equality  under  the  law  to  the  humble  and  defenceless  as  well  as  to  the  strong,  would  not  be 
to-day  upon  our  national  statute-book. 

With  such  inspirations  from  the  past,  and  following  the  example  of  the  founders  of  the  re 
public,  who  called  the  victorious  general  of  the  Revolution  to  preside  over  the  land  his  triumphs 
had  saved  from  its  enemies,  I  cannot  doubt  that  our  labors  will  be  crowned  with  success.  And 
it  will  be  a  success  that  will  bring  restored  hope,  confidence,  prosperity  and  progress,  South  as 
well  as  North.  West  as  well  as  East,  and  above  all,  the  blessings  under  Providence  of  national 
concord  and  peace.  Very  truly,  yours, 

SCIIUYLER  COLFAX. 

The  nomination  of  General  Grant  was  made  on  the  first  ballot.  That  of  Mr.  Colfax  occurred 
on  the  fifth  ballot.  The  vote  for  Mr.  Colfax  on  each  ballot  was  as  follows :— 1st,  115;  2d,  145; 
3d,  165 ;  4th,  186 ;  5th,  541.  The  total  vote  was  648. 


268  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

DEMOCRATIC,  AT  NEW  YORK,  JULY. 

The  Democratic  party,  in  National  Convention  assembled,  reposing  its  trust  in  the  intelli 
gence,  patriotism,  and  discriminating  justice  of  the  people,  standing  upon  the  Constitution  as 
the  foundation  and  limitation  of  the  powers  of  the  Government,  and  the  guarantee  of  the  liber 
ties  of  the  citizen,  and  recognizing  the  questions  of  slavery  and  secession  as  having  been  settled, 
for  all  time  to  come,  by  the  war  or  the  voluntary  action  of  the  Southern  States  in  constitutional 
conventions  assembled,  and  never  to  be  renewed  or  reagitated,  do  with  the  return  of  peace, 
demand : 

First — Immediate  restoration  of  all  the  States  to  their  rights  in  the  Union  under  the  Constitu 
tion,  and  of  civil  government  to  the  American  people. 

Second — Amnesty  for  all  past  political  offences,  and  the  regulation  of  the  elective  franchise  in 
the  States  by  their  citizens. 

Third — Payment  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  as  rapidly  as  practicable ;  all  moneys 
drawn  from  the  people  by  taxation,  except  so  much  as  is  requisite  for  the  necessities  of  the 
Government,  economically  administered,  being  honestly  applied  to  such  payment,  and  where 
the  obligations  of  the  Government  do  not  expressly  state  upon  their  face,  or  the  law  under 
which  they  were  issued  does  not  provide  that  they  shall  be  paid  in  coin,  they  ought,  in  right 
and  in  justice,  to  be  paid  in  the  lawful  money  of  the  United  States. 

Fourth — Equal  taxation  of  every  species  of  property  according  to  its  real  value,  including 
Government  bonds  and  other  public  securities. 

Fifth — One  currency  for  the  Government  and  the  people,  the  laborer  and  the  office-holder, 
the  pensioner  and  the  soldier,  the  producer  and  the  bondholder. 

Sixth — Economy  in  the  administration  of  the  Government ;  the  reduction  of  the  standing 
army  and  navy;  the  abolition  of  the  Freedmcn's  Bureau  and  all  political  instrumentalities 
designed  to  secure  negro  supremacy  ;  simplification  of  the  system,  and  discontinuance  of  in 
quisitorial  modes  of  assessing  and  collecting  Internal  Revenue,  so  that  the  burden  of  taxation 
may  be  equalized  and  lessened ;  the  credit  of  the  Government  and  the  currency  made  good ; 
the  repeal  of  all  enactments  for  enrolling  the  State  militia  into  national  forces  in  time  of  peace; 
and  a  tariff  for  revenue  upon  foreign  imports,  and  such  equal  taxation  under  the  Internal  Rev 
enue  laws  as  will  afford  incidental  protection  to  domestic  manufactures,  and  as  will,  without 
impairing  the  revenue,  impose  the  least  burden  upon  and  best  promote  and  encourage  the  great 
industrial  interests  of  the  country. 

Seventh — Reform  of  abuses  in  the  administration,  the  expulsion  of  corrupt  men  from  office, 
the  abrogation  of  useless  offices,  the  restoration  of  rightful  authority  to,  and  the  independence 
of,  the  executive  and  judicial  departments  of  the  Government,  the  subordination  of  the  military 
to  the  civil  power,  to  the  end  that  the  usurpations  of  Congress  and  the  despotism  of  the  sword 
may  cease. 

Eighth— Equal  rights  and  protection  for  naturalized  and  native-born  citizens  at  home  and 
abroad,  the  assertion  of  American  nationality  which  shall  command  the  respect  of  foreign 
powers,  and  furnish  an  example  and  encouragement  to  people  struggling  for  national  integrity, 
constitutional  liberty,  and  individual  rights  and  the  maintenance  of  the  rights  of  naturalized 
citizens  against  the  absolute  doctrine  of  immutable  allegiance,  and  the  claims  of  foreign  powers 
to  punish  them  for  alleged  crime  committed  beyond  their  jurisdiction. 

In  demanding  these  measures  and  reforms,  we  arraign  the  Radical  party  for  its  disregard  oi 
right,  and  the  unparalleled  oppression  and  tyranny  which  have  marked  its  career. 

After  the  most  solemn  and  unanimous  pledge  of  both  Houses  of  Congress  to  prosecute  the 
war  exclusively  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Government  and  the  preservation  of  the  Union  under 
the  Constitution,  it  has  repeatedly  violated  that  most  sacred  pledge  under  which  alone  was  ral 
lied  that  noble  volunteer  army  which  carried  our  flag  to  victory.  Instead  of  restoring  the  Union 
it  has,  so  far  as  in  its  power,  dissolved  it,  and  subjected  ten  States,  in  time  of  profound  peace, 
to  military  despotism  and  negro  supremacy.  It  has  nullified  there  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  ;  it 
has  abolished  the  habeas  corpus,  that  most  sacred  writ  of  liberty ;  it  has  overthrown  the  freedom 
of  speech  and  the  press  ;  it  has  substituted  arbitrary  seizures  and  arrests,  and  military  trials 
and  secret  star-chamber  inquisitions  for  the  constitutional  tribunals ;  it  has  disregarded  in  time 
of  peace  the  right  of  the  people  to  be  free  from  searches  and  seizures ;  it  has  entered  the  post 
and  telegraph  offices,  and  even  the  private  rooms  of  individuals,  and  seized  their  private  papers 
and  letters  without  any  specific  charge  or  notice  of  affidavit,  as  required  by  the  organic  law:  it 
has  converted  the  American  Capitol  into  a  Bastile ;  it  has  established  a  system  of  spies  and 
official  espionage  to  which  no  constitutional  monarchy  of  Europe  would  now  dare  to  resort; 
it  has  abolished  the  right  of  appeal  on  important  constitutional  questions  to  the  supreme  judicial 


NATIONAL  PLATFORMS.  269 

tribunals,  and  threatens  to  curtail  or  destroy  its  original  jurisdiction,  which  is  irrevocably  vested 
by  the  Constitution,  while  the  learned  Chief  Justice  has  been  subjected  to  the  most  atrocious 
calumnies,  merely  because  he  would  not  prostitute  his  high  office  to  the  support  of  the  false  and 
partizan  charges  preferred  against  the  President.  Its  corruption  and  extravagance  have  ex 
ceeded  anything  known  in  history,  and,  by  its  frauds  and  monopolies,  it  has  nearly  doubled  the 
burden  of  the  debt  created  by  the  war.  It  has  stripped  the  President  of  his  constitutional 
power  of  appointment,  even  of  his  own  cabinet.  Under  its  repeated  assaults,  the  pillars  of  the 
Government  are  rocking  on  their  base,  and  should  it  succeed  in  November  next  and  inaugurate 
its  President,  we  will  meet  as  a  subjected  and  conquered  people,  amid  the  ruins  of  liberty  and 
the  scattered  fragments  of  the  Constitution. 

And  we  do  declare  and  resolve  that  ever  since  the  people  of  the  United  States  threw  off  all 
subjection  to  the  British  Crown,  the  privilege  and  trust  of  suffrage  have  belonged  to  the 
several  States,  and  have  been  granted,  regulated  and  controlled  exclusively  by  the  political  power 
of  each  State  respectively,  and  that  any  attempt  by  Congress,  on  any  pretext  whatever,  to  de 
prive  any  State  of  this  right,  or  interfere  with  its  exercise,  is  a  flagrant  usurpation  of  power 
which  can  find  no  warrant  in  the  Constitution,  and,  if  sanctioned  by  the  people,  will  subvert  our 
form  of  government,  and  can  only  end  in  a  single  centralized  and  consolidated  government,  in 
which  the  separate  existence  of  the  States  will  be  entirely  absorbed,  and  an  unqualified  despot 
ism  be  established  in  place  of  a  Federal  union  of  co-equal  States. 

And  that  we  regard  the  reconstruction  acts  (so  called)  of  Congress,  as  such,  as  usurpations 
and  unconstitutional,  revolutionary,  and  void.  That  our  soldiers  and  sailors,  who  carried  the  flag 
1  of  our  country  to  victory  against  a  most  gallant  and  determined  foe,  must  ever  be  gratefully  re 
membered,  and  all  the  guarantees  given  in  their  favor  must  be  faithfully  carried  into  execution. 

That  the  public  lands  should  be  distributed  as  widely  as  possible  among  the  people,  and 
should  be  disposed  of  either  under  the  pre-emption  of  homestead  lands,  or  sold  in  reasonable 
quantities,  and  to  none  but  actual  occupants,  at  the  minimum  price  established  by  the  Govern 
ment.  When  grants  of  the  public  lands  may  be  allowed,  necessary  for  the  encouragement  of 
important  public  improvements,  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  such  lands,  and  not  the  lands  them 
selves,  should  be  so  applied. 

That  the  President  of  the  United  States,  Andrew  Johnson,  in  exercising  the  power  of  his  high 
office  in  resisting  the  aggressions  of  Congress  upon  the  constitutional  rights  of  the  States  and 
the  people,  is  entitled  to  the  gratitude  of  the  whole  American  people,  and  in  behalf  of  the  Dem 
ocratic  party  we  tender  him  our  thanks  for  his  patriotic  efforts  in  that  regard. 

Upon  this  platform  the  Democratic  party  appeal  to  every  patriot,  including  all  the  Conserva 
tive  element  and  all  who  desire  to  support  the  Constitution  and  restore  the  Union,  forgetting  all 
past  differences  of  opinion,  to  unite  with  us  in  the  present  great  struggle  for  the  liberties  of  the 
people ;  and  that  to  all  such,  to  whatever  party  they  may  have  heretofore  belonged,  we  extend 
the  right  hand  of  fellowship,  and  hail  ail  such  co-operating  with  us  as  friends  and  brethren. 

Resolved,  That  this  convention  sympathise  cordially  with  the  workingmen  of  the  United  States 
in  their  efforts  to  protect  the  rights  and  interest?  of  the  laboring  classes  of  the  country. 

[Offered  by  Mr.  Vallandigham,  and  adopted  the  last  day  of  the  convention] . 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  convention  are  tendered  to  Chief  Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
for  the  justice,  dignity,  and  impartiality  with  which  he  presided  over  the  court  of  impeachment 
on  the  trial  of  President  Andrew  Johnson. 

[This  last  was  offered  by  Mr.  Kernan,  of  New  York,  after  the  nominations  and  immediately 
before  the  final  adjournment,  and  was  carried  by  acclamation.] 

SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS,  AT  NEW  YORK,  JULY. 

Whereas  a  mutual  interchange  of  views  between  members  of  this  convention  and  delegates 
to  the  Democratic  National  Convention,  has  fully  confirmed  us  in  our  previously  entertained 
opinion  of  the  purity  and  patriotism  of  that  body,  and  fully  justifies  the  belief  that  in  the  selec 
tion  of  candidates  and  in  the  construction  of  a  platform,  the  Convention  will  be  governed  by 
the  spirit  of  the  address  adopted  by  this  body  on  the  6th  instant ;  therefore,  relying  upon  this 
belief, 

Resolved,  That  we  will  support  its  nominees  for  President  and  Vice  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  that  on  our  return  home  we  will  induce  our  late  comrades  in  arms  to  unite  with  us 
in  yielding  to  them  a  united  support. 

[Reported  from  the  Committee  on  Resolutions,  and  adopted— yeas  287,  nays  7]. 

Revolved,  That  the  declaration  of  principles  adopted  by  the  Democratic  National  Convention 
be  and  the  same  is  hereby  ratified  and  approved,  and  that  the  secretary  communicate  to  that 
Convention  a  copy  of  this  resolution  forthwith. 


270  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Resolved,  That  the  President  of  the  Convention  appoint  a  committee  of  five  to  wait  upon 
General  George  B.  McClellan,  and  assure  him  that  although  we  are  called  upon  by  duty  to  sup 
port  the  nominee  for  the  Presidency  of  the  National  Democratic  party  now  in  Convention,  our 
confidence  in  him  is  unimpaired,  and  that  our  love  for  him  is  as  ardent  as  ever,  and  that  the 
highest  honor  that  this  Convention  could  confer  upon  him  would  but  poorly  express  our  esteem 
for  him.  Also  that  the  said  committee  be  requested  to  ask  him  to  come  and  assist  us  with  all 
his  ability  during  the  coming  campaign. 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Convention,  and  of  all  patriotic  and  right-minded  citizens, 
are  due  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  for  removing  Edwin  M.  Stanton  from  the  War  De 
partment  of  the  Government,  a  position  which  the  said  Stanton  has  disgraced  and  dishonored 
ever  since  his  appointment  to  that  office,  by  his  many  acts  of  cruelty— both  to  the  Union  and 
Confederate  soldiers— and  by  his  official  acts  of  t yranny ;  and  that  the  soldiers  and  sailors  should 
on  all  occasions,  meet  him  with  the  same  feelings  of  outraged  dignity  and  patriotism  that  he 
was  received  with,  on  an  ever-memorable  occasion,  in  the  city  of  Washington,  from  that  great 
and  glorious  soldier— General  William  Tecumsch  Sherman. 

[The  last  three  resolutions  were  offered  in  the  Convention,  and  adopted  unanimously,  under  a 
suspension  of  the  rule  requiring  the  reference  of  all  resolutions  to  the  committee  on  resolutions] . 

GOVERNOR  SEYMOUR'S  LETTER  OF  ACCEPTANCE. 

UTICA,  August  4,  1SG8. 

GENTLEMEN  :  When,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on  the  llth  of  July,  in  the  presence  of  a  vast  • 
multitude,  on  behalf  of  the  National  Democratic  Convention,  you  tendered  to  me  its  unanimous 
nomination  as  their  candidate  for  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  I  stated  I  had 
*'  no  words  adequate  to  express  my  gratitude  for  the  good  will  and  kindness  which  that  body 
had  shown  to  me.  Its  nomination  was  unsought  and  unexpected.  It  was  my  ambition  to  take 
an  active  part,  from  which  I  am  now  excluded,  in  the  great  struggle  going  on  for  the  res 
toration  of  good  government,  of  peace  and  prosperity  to  our  country.  But  I  have  been  caught 
up  by  the  whelming  tide  which  is  bearing  us  on  to  a  great  political  change,  and  I  find  myself  un 
able  to  resist  its  pressure. 

"You  have  also  given  to  me  a  copy  of  the  resolutions  put  forth  by  the  Convention,  showing 
its  position  upon  all  the  great  questions  which  now  agitate  the  country.  As  the  presiding  officer 
of  that  Convention,  I  am  familiar  with  their  scope  and  import ;  as  one  of  its  members,  I  am  a 
party  to  their  terms.  They  are  in  accord  with  my  views,  and  I  stand  upon  them  in  the  contest 
upon  which  we  are  now  entering,  and  I  shall  strive  to  carry  them  out  in  future,  wherever  I  may 
be  placed,  in  public  or  private  life." 

I  then  stated  that  I  would  send  you  these  words  of  acceptance  in  a  letter,  as  is  the  customary 
form.  I  see  no  reason,  upon  reflection,  to  change  or  qualify  the  terms  of  my  approval  of  the 
resolutions  of  the  Convention. 

I  have  delayed  the  more  formal  act  of  communicating  to  you  in  writing  what  I  thus  publicly 
said,  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  what  light  the  action  of  Congress  would  throw  upon  the  inter 
ests  of  the  country.  Its  acts  since  the  adjournment  of  the  Convention  show  an  alarm  lest  a 
change  of  political  power  will  give  to  the  people  what  they  ought  to  have,  a  clear  statement  of 
what  has  been  done  with  the  money  drawn  from  them  during  the  past  eight  years.  Thoughtful 
men  feel  that  there  have  been  wrongs  in  the  financial  management  which  have  been  kept  from 
the  public  knowledge. 

The  congressional  party  has  not  only  allied  itself  with  military  power,  which  is  to  be  brought 
to  bear  directly  upon  the  elections  in  many  States,  but  it  also  holds  itself  in  perpetual  session, 
with  the  avowed  purpose  of  making  such  laws  as  it  shall  see  fit,  in  view  of  the  elections  which 
will  take  place  within  a  few  weeks.  It  did  not,  therefore,  adjourn,  but  took  a  recess,  to  meet 
again  if  its  partizan  interests  shall  demand  its  reassembling. 

Never  before  in  the  history  of  our  country  has  Congress  thus  taken  a  menacing  attitude 
toward  its  electors.  Under  its  influence  some  of  the  States  organized  by  its  agents  are  propos 
ing  to  deprive  the  people  of  the  right  to  vote  for  Presidential  electors,  and  the  first  bold  steps 
are  taken  to  destroy  the  rights  of  suffrage.  It  is  not  strange,  therefore,  that  thoughtful  men  see 
in  such  action  the  proof  that  there  is,  with  those  who  shape  the  policy  of  the  Republican  party, 
motives  stronger  and  deeper  than  the  mere  wish  to  hold  political  power ;  that  there  is  a  dread 
of  some  exposure  which  drives  them  on  to  acts  so  desperate  and  so  impolitic. 

Many  of  the  ablest  leaders  and  journals  of  the  Republican  party  have  openly  deplored  the 
violence  of  congressional  action,  and  its  tendency  to  keep  up  discord  in  our  country.  The  great 
interests  of  our  Union  demand  peace,  order,  and  a  return  to  those  industrial  pursuits  without 
which  we  cannot  maintain  the  faith  or  honor  of  our  Government.  The  minds  of  business  men 


1869.]  NATIONAL  PLATFORMS.  271 

are  perplexed  by  uncertainties.  The  hours  of  toil  of  our  laborers  are  lengthened  by  the  costs 
of  living  made  by  the  direct  and  indirect  exactions  of  Government.  Our  people  are  harassed 
by  the  heavy  and  frequent  demands  of  the  tax  gatherer. 

Without  distinction  of  party,  there  is  a  strong  feeling  in  favor  of  that  line  of  action  which 
shall  restore  order  and  confidence,  and  shall  lift  off  the  burdens  which  now  hinder  and  vex  the 
industry  of  the  country.  Yet  at  this  moment  those  in  power  have  thrown  into  the  senate 
chamber  and  congressional  hall  new  elements  of  discord  and  violence.  Men  have  been  admitted 
as  representatives  of  some  of  the  Southern  States,  with  the  declaration  upon  their  lips  that 
they  cannot  live  in  the  States  they  claim  to  represent  without  military  protection. 

These  men  are  to  make  laws  for  the  North  as  well  as  the  South.  These  men,  who,  a  few  days 
since  were  seeking  as  suppliants  that  Congress  would  give  them  power  within  their  respective 
States,  are  to-day  the  masters  and  controllers  of  the  actions  of  those  bodies.  Entering  them 
with  minds  filled  with  passions,  their  first  demands  have  been  that  Congress  shall  look  upon  the 
States  from  which  they  come  as  in  conditions  of  civil  war ;  that  the  majority  of  the  populations, 
embracing  their  intelligence,  shall  be  treated  as  public  eneinies ;  that  military  forces  shall  be 
kept  up  at  the  cost  of  the  people  of  the  Noith,  and  that  there  shall  be  no  peace  and  order  at  the 
South  save  that  which  is  made  by  arbitrary  power. 

Every  intelligent  man  knows  that  these  men  owe  their  seats  in  Congress  to  the  disorder 
in  the  South;  every  man  knows  that,  they  not  only  owe  their  present  positions  to  disorder, 
but  that  every  motive  springing  from  the  love  of  power,  of  gain,  of  a  desire  for  vengeance, 
prompts  them  to  keep  the  South  in  anarchy.  While  that,  exists,  they  are  independent  of  the 
wills  or  wishes  of  their  fellow-citizens.  While  confusion  reigns,  they  are  the  dispensers  of 
the  profits  and  the  honors  which  grow  ont  of  a  government  of  mere  force.  These  men  are  now 
placed  in  positions  where  they  can  not  only  urge  their  views  of  policy,  but  where  they  can 
enforce  them. 

When  others  shall  be  admitted  in  this  manner  from  the  remaining  Southern  States,  although 
they  will  have  in  truth  no  constituents,  they  will  have  more  power  in  the  Senate  than  a  majority 
of  the  people  of  this  Union  living  in  nine  of  the  great  States.  In  vain  the  wisest  members  of  the 
Republican  party  protested  against  the  policy  that  led  to  this  result. 

While  the  chiefs  of  the  late  rebellion  have  submitted  to  the  results  of  the  war,  and  are  now 
quietly  engaged  in  useful  pursuits  for  the  support  of  themselves  and  their  families,  and  are 
trying  by  the  force  of  their  example  to  lead  back  the  people  of  the  South  to  the  order  and  in 
dustry  not  only  essential  to  their  well-being,  but  to  the  greatness  and  prosperity  of  our  common 
country,  we  see  that  those  who,  without  ability  or  influence  have  been  thrown  by  the  agitations 
of  civil  convulsion  into  positions  of  honor  and  profit,  are  striving  to  keep  alive  the  passions  to 
which  they  owe  their  elevation.  And  they  clamorously  insist  that  they  are  the  only  friends  of 
our  Union — a  Union  that  can  only  have  a  sure  foundation  in  fraternal  regard,  and  a  common 
desire  to  promote  the  peace,  the  order,  and  the  happiness  of  all  sections  of  our  land. 

Events  in  Congress  since  the  adjournment  of  the  Convention  have  vastly  increased  the  im 
portance  of  a  political  victory  by  those  who  are  seeking  to  bring  back  economy,  simplicity,  and 
justice  in  the  administration  of  our  National  affairs.  Many  Republicans  have  heretofore  clung 
to  their  party  who  have  regretted  the  extremes  of  violence  to  which  it  has  run.  They  have 
cherished  a  faith  that,  while  the  action  of  their  political  friends  has  been  mistaken,  their  mo 
tives  have  been  good.  They  must  now  see  that  the  Republican  party  is  in  that  condition  that 
it  cannot  carry  out  a  wise  and  peaceful  policy,  whatever  its  motives  may  be. 

It  is  a  misfortune,  not  only  to  a  country,  but  to  a  governing  party  itself,  when  its  action  is 
unchecked  by  any  form  of  opposition.  It  has  been  the  misfortune  of  the  Republican  party  that 
the  events  of  the  past  few  years  have  given  it  eo  much  power  that  it  has  been  able  to  shackle 
the  Executive,  to  trammel  the  judiciary,  and  to  carry  out  the  views  of  the  most  unwise  and 
violent  of  its  members. 

When  this  state  of  things  exists  in  any  party,  it  has  ever  been  found  that  the  sober  judgments 
of  its  ablest  leaders  do  not  control.  There  is  hardly  an  able  man  who  helped  to  build  up  the 
Republican  organization  who  has  not  within  the  past  three  years  warned  it  against  its  excesses, 
who  has  not  been  borne  down  and  forced  to  give  up  his  convictions  of  what  the  interests  of  the 
country  called  for;  or,  if  too  patriotic  to  do  this,  who  has  not  been  driven  from  its  ranks.  If 
this  has  been  the  case  heretofore,  what  will  be  its  action  now,  with  this  new  infusion  of  men 
who,  without  a  decent  respect  for  the  views  of  those  who  had  just  given  them  their  positions, 
begin  their  legislative  career  with  calls  for  arms,  with  demands  that  their  States  shall  be  regard 
ed  as  in  a  condition  of  civil  war,  and  with  a  declaration  that  they  are  ready  and  anxious  to 
degrade  the  President  of  the  United  States  whenever  they  can  persuade  or  force  Congress  to 
bring  forward  new  articles  of  impeachment  ? 


272  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Republican  party,  a?  well  as  wo,  arc  interested  in  putting  some  check  upon  this  violence. 
It  must  be  clear  to  every  thinking  man  that  a  division  of  political  power  tends  to  check  the  vio 
lence  of  party  action,  and  to  assure  the  peace  and  good  order  of  society.  The  election  of  a 
Democratic  executive  and  a  majority  of  Democratic  members  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
would  not  give  to  that  party  organization  the  power  to  make  sudden  or  violent  changes,  but  it 
would  serve  to  check  those  extreme  measures  which  have  been  deplored  by  the  best  men  of  both 
political  organizations.  The  result  would  most  certainly  lead  to  that  peaceful  restoration  of  the 
Union  and  re-establiehment  of  fraternal  relationship  which  the  country  desires.  I  am  sure  that 
the  best  men  of  the  Republican  party  deplore  as  deeply  as  I  do  the  spirit  of  violence  shown  by 
those  recently  admitted  to  seats  in  Congress  from  the  South.  The  condition  of  civil  war  which 
they  contemplate,  must  be  abhorrent  to  every  right-thinking  man. 

I  have  no  mere  personal  wishes  which  mislead  my  judgment  in  regard  to  the  pending  elec 
tion.  No  man  who  has  weighed  and  measured  the  duties  of  the  office  of  President  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  can  fail  to  be  impressed  with  the  cares  and  toils  of  him  who  is  to  meet  its  demands. 
It  is  not  merely  to  float  with  popular  currents  without  a  policy  or  a  purpose.  On  the  contrary, 
while  our  Constitution  gives  just  weight  to  the  public  will,  its  distinguishing  feature  is  that  it 
seeks  to  protect  the  rights  of  minorities.  Its  greatest  glory  is  that  it  puts  restraints  upon 
power.  It  gives  force  and  form  to  those  maxims  and  principles  of  civil  liberty  for  which  the 
martyrs  of  freedom  have  struggled  through  ages.  It  declares  the  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure 
in  their  persons,  houses  and  papers,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures.  That  Congress 
shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion  or  the  free  exercise  thereof,  or 
abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press,  or  the  right  of  the  people  to  petition  for  redress 
of  grievances.  It  secures  the  right  of  a  speedy  and  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury. 

No  man  can  rightfully  enter  upon  the  duties  of  the  presidential  office  unless  he  is  not  only 
willing  to  carry  out  the  wishes  of  the  people  expressed  in  a  constitutional  way,  but  is  also  pre 
pared  to  stand  up  for  the  rights  of  minorities.  He  must  be  ready  to  uphold  the  free  exercise 
of  religion.  He  must  denounce  measures  which  would  wrong  personal  or  home  rights,  or  the 
religious  conscience  of  the  humblest  citizen  of  the  land.  He  must  maintain,  without  distinction 
of  creed  or  nationality,  all  the  privileges  of  American  citizenship. 

The  experience  of  every,  public  man  who  has  been  faithful  to  his  trust,  teaches  him  that  no 
one  can  do  the  duties  of  the  office  of  President,  unless  he  is  ready,  not  only  to  undergo  the 
falsehoods  and  abuse  of  the  bad,  but  to  suffer  from  the  censure  of  the  good  \Vho  are  misled  by 
prejudices  and  misrepresentations. 

There  are  no  attractions  in  such  positions  which  deceive  my  judgment,  when  I  say  that  a 
great  change  is  going  on  in  the  public  mind.  The  mass  of  the  Republican  party  are  more 
thoughtful,  temperate,  and  just,  than  they  were  during  the  excitement  which  attended  the 
progress  and  close  of  the  civil  war. 

AP  the  energy  of  the  democratic  party  springs  from  their  devotion  to  their  cause  and  not  to 
their  candidates,  I  may  with  propriety  speak  of  the  fact,  that  never  in  the  political  history  of 
our  country  has  the  action  of  any  like  body  been  hailed  with  such  universal  and  wide-spread 
enthusiasm,  as  that  which  has  been  shown  in  relation  to  the  position  of  the  National  Democratic 
Convention.  With  this  the  candidates  had  nothing  to  do.  Had  any  others  of  those  named 
been  selected,  this  spirit  would  have  been  perhaps  more  marked.  Tho  zeal  and  energy  of  the 
conservative  masses  spring  from  a  desire  to  make  a  change  of  political  policy,  and  from  the 
confidence  that  they  can  carry  out  their  purpose. 

In  this  faith  they  are  strengthened  by  the  co-operation  of  the  great  body  of  those  who  served 
in  the  Union  army  and  navy  during  the  war.  Having  given  nearly  sixteen  thousand  commis 
sions  to  the  officers  of  that  army,  I  know  their  views  and  wishes.  They  demand  the  Union  for 
which  they  fought,  The  largest  meeting  of  these  gallant  soldiers  that  ever  assembled  was  held 
in  New  York  and  indorsed  the  action  of  the  National  Convention.  In  words  instinct  with 
meaning,  they  call  upon  the  Government  to  stop  in  its  policy  of  hate,  discord,  and  disunion,  and 
in  terms  of  fervid  eloquence  they  demand  the  restoration  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of  the 
American  people. 

"When  there  is  such  accord  between  those  who  proved  themselves  brave  and  self-sacrificing  in 
war,  and  those  who  are  thoughtful  and  patriotic  in  council,  I  cannot  doubt  we  shall  gain  a  polit 
ical  triumph  which  will  restore  our  Union,  bring  back  peace  and  prosperity  to  our  land,  and 
will  give  us  once  more  the  blessings  of  a  wise,  economical  and  honest  Government. 

I  am,  gentlemen,  truly  yours,  &c., 

HORATIO  SEYMOUR. 
To  Gen.  G.  W.  MORGAN,  and  others,  Committee,  &c.,  &c. 

Governor  Seymour  was  unanimously  nominated  on  the  22d  ballot. 


1869.]  NATIONAL  PLATFORMS.  273 

GENERAL  BLAIR'S  LETTER  OF  ACCEPTANCE. 

OMAHA,  NEBRASKA,  July  13, 1868. 

General  GEORGE  W.  MORGAN,  Chairman  Committee  National  Democratic  Convention. 

GENERAL  :  I  take  the  earliest  opportunity  of  replying  to  your  letter,  notifying  me  of  my 
nomination  for  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  by  the  National  Democratic  Convention, 
recently  held  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

I  accept  without  hesitation  the  nomination  tendered  in  a  manner  so  gratifying,  and  give  you 
and  the  committee  my  thanks  for  the  very  kind  and  complimentary  language  in  which  you  have 
conveyed  to  me  the  decision  of  the  convention. 

I  have  carefully  read  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  convention,  and  most  cordially  concur  in 
every  principle  and  sentiment  they  announce. 

My  opinion  upon  all  of  the  questions  which  discriminate  the  great  contending  parties  have 
been  freely  expressed  on  all  suitable  occasions,  and  I  do  not  deem  it  necessary  at  this  time  to 
reiterate  them. 

The  issues  upon  which  the  contest  turns  are  clear,  and  cannot  be  obscured  or  distorted  by  the 
sophistries  of  our  adversaries.  They  all  resolve  themselves  into  the  old  and  ever-renewing 
struggle  of  a  few  men  to  absorb  the  political  power  of  the  nation.  This  effort,  under  every 
conceivable  name  and  disguise,  has  always  characterized  the  opponents  of  the  democratic  party, 
but  at  no  time  has  the  attempt  assumed  a  shape  so  open  and  daring  as  in  this  contest.  The  ad 
versaries  of  free  and  constitutional  government,  in  defiance  of  the  express  language  of  the  Con 
stitution,  have  erected  a  military  despotism  in  ten  of  the  States  of  the  Union,  have  taken  from 
the  President  the  powers  vested  in  him  by  the  supreme  law,  and  have  deprived  the  Supreme 
Court  of  its  jurisdiction.  The  right  of  trial  by  jury,  and  the  great  writ  of  right,  the  habeas 
corpus— shields  of  safety  for  every  citizen,  and  which  have  descended  to  us  from  the  earliest 
traditions  of  our  ancestors,  and  which  our  revolutionary  fathers  sought  to  secure  to  their  pos 
terity  forever  in  the  fundamental  charter  of  our  liberties — have  been  ruthlessly  trampled  under 
foot  by  the  fragment  of  a  Congress.  Whole  States  and  communities  of  people  of  our  own  race 
have  been  attainted,  convicted,  condemned,  and  deprived  of  their  rights  as  citizens,  without 
presentment,  or  trial,  or  witnesses,  but  by  congressional  enactment  of  ex  post  facto  laws,  and 
in  defiance  of  the  constitutional  prohibition  denying  even  to  a  full  and  legal  Congress  the  au 
thority  to  pass  any  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law.  The  same  usurping  authority  has 
substituted  as  electors  in  the  place  of  the  men  of  our  own  race,  thus  illegally  attainted  and  dis 
franchised,  a  host  of  ignorant  negroes,  who  are  supported  in  idleness  with  the  public  money,  and 
combined  together  to  strip  the  white  race  of  their  birthright,  through  the  management  of  freed- 
men's  bureaus  and  the  emissaries  of  conspirators  in  other  States :  and,  to  complete  the  oppres 
sion,  the  military  power  of  the  nation  has  been  placed  at  their  disposal,  in  order  to  make  this 
barbarism  supreme. 

The  military  leader  under  whose  prestige  this  usurping  Congress  has  taken  refuge  since  the 
condemnation  of  their  schemes  by  the  free  people  of  the  North  in  the  elections  of  the  last  year, 
and  whom  they  have  selected  as  their  candidate  to  shield  themselves  from  the  result  of  their 
own  wickedness  and  crime,  has  announced  his  acceptance  of  the  nomination,  and  his  willing 
ness  to  maintain  their  usurpations  over  eight  millions  of  white  people  at  the  South,  fixed  to  the 
earth  with  his  bayonets.  He  exclaims,  "Let  us  have  peace."  "Peace  reigns  in  Warsaw"  was 
the  announcement  which  heralded  the  doom  of  the  liberties  of  a  nation.  "The  empire  is  peace," 
exclaimed  Bonaparte,  when  freedom  and  its  defenders  expired  under  the  sharp  edge  of  his 
sword.  The  peace  to  which  Grant  invites  us  is  the  peace  of  despotism  and  death. 

Those  who  seek  to  restore  the  Constitution  by  executing  the  will  of  the  people  condemning 
the  reconstruction  acts,  already  pronounced  in  the  elections  of  last  year,  and  which  will,  I  am 
convinced,  be  still  more  emphatically  expressed  by  the  election  of  the  Democratic  candidate  as 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  are  denounced  as  revolutionists  by  the  partizans  of  this 
vindictive  Congress.  Negro  suffrage,  which  the  popular  vote  of  New  York.  New  Jersey,  Penn 
sylvania,  Ohio.  Michigan,  Connecticut,  and  other  States  have  condemned  as  expressly  against 
the  letter  of  the  Constitution,  must  stand,  because  their  Senators  and  Representatives  have 
willed  it.  If  the  people  shall  again  condemn  these  atrocious  measures  by  the  election  of  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  President,  they  must  not  be  disturbed,  although  decided  to  be  uncon 
stitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court,  and  althongh  the  President  is  sworn  to  maintain  and  support 
the  Constitution.  The  will  of  a  fraction  of  Congress,  reinforced  with  its  partizan  emissaries 
sent  to  the  South  and  supported  there  by  soldiery,  must  stand  against  the  will  of  the  people 
and  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  the  solemn  oath  of  the  President  to  maintain  and 
support  the  Constitution 
18 


274 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


It  is  revolutionary  to  execute  the  will  of  the  people !  It  is  revolutionary  to  execute  the  judg 
ment  of  the  Supreme  Court !  It  is  revolutionary  in  the  President  to  keep  inviolate  his  oath  to 
eustain  the  Constitution  !  This  false  construction  of  the  vital  principle  of  our  Government  is 
the  last  resort  of  those  who  would  have  their  arbitrary  reconstruction  sway  and  supersede  our 
time-honored  institutions.  The  nation  will  say  the  Constitution  must  be  restored,  and  the  will 
of  the  people  again  prevail.  The  appeal  to  the  peaceful  ballot  to  attain  this  end  is  not  war,  is 
not  revolution.  They  make  war  and  revolution  who  attempt  to  arrest  this  quiet  mode  of  put 
ting  aside  military  despotism  and  the  usurpations  of  a  fragment  of  a  Congress,  asserting  abso 
lute  power  over  that  benign  system  of  regulated  liberty  left  us  by  our  fathers.  This  must  be 
allowed  to  take  its  course.  This  is  the  only  road  to  peace.  It  will  come  with  the  election  of  the 
Democratic  candidate,  and  not  with  the  election  of  that  mailed  warrior,  whose  bayonets  are 
now  at  the  throats  of  eight  millions  of  people  in  the  South,  to  compel  them  to  support  him  as 
a  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  and  to  submit  to  the  domination  of  an  alien  race  of  semi-bar 
barous  men.  No  perversion  of  truth  or  audacity  of  misrepresentation  can  exceed  that  which 
hails  this  candidate  in  arms  as  an  angel  of  peace. 

I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

FRANK  P.  BLAIR. 


STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

The  following  table  gives  the  name  of  the  Governor  of  each  State,  his 
term  of  office  and  salary,  the  time  each  Legislature  meets,  and  the  date  of 
the  State  Elections. 


STATES. 

Governors. 

Term 
Expires. 

Salary. 

Legislature 
Meets. 

State  Election. 

Alabama 

Win.  H.  Smith  
Powell  Clayton  

Jan.  "1873, 
Dec.  1871, 
May,  18(59, 
Jan.  1871, 
Jan.  1873, 
Jan.  1872, 
Jan.  1871, 
Jan.   1873, 
Jan.  1870, 

$4,000* 
5,000 
7,000 
2,000 
2,000 
5,000 
4,000 
1,500 
3,000 
2,500 
2,000 
5,000 
8,000 
2,500 
4.500 
5,000 
1,000 
3,000 
3,000 

1st  Mon.  in  Jan. 
1st  Mon.  in  Dec. 
1st  Wed.  in  May, 
1st  Tues.  in  Jan. 
1st  Tues.  in  Jan.t 
2d  Wed.  in  Jan. 
1st  Mon.  in  Jan. 
1st  Wed.  in  Jan. 
2d  Mon.  in  Jan. 
2d  Tues.  in  Jan. 
1st  Mon.  in  Dec. 
1st  Mon.  in  Jan. 
1st  Wed.  in  Jan. 
1st  Wed.  in  Jan. 
1st  Wed.  in  Jan. 
1st  Wed.  in  Jan. 
1st  Tues.  in  Jan.t 

1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Mon.  in  Jsov. 
1st  Wed.  in  Sept. 
1st  Mon.  in  Apr. 
1st  Tues.  in  Nov. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Tues.  in  Aug. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
2d  Tues.  in  Oct. 
2d  Tues.  in  Oct. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Mon.  in  Aug. 
1st  Mon.  in  Nov. 
2d  Mon.  in  Sept. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 

Arkansas  

California  
Connecticut  
Delaware  

Henry  H.  Haight  ...... 
James  E.  English 

Gove  Saulsbury  
Harrison  Reed  
R.  B.  Bullock  
John  M.  Palmer  
Conrad  Baker  
Samuel  Merrill. 

Florida  
Georgia  . 

Illinois 

Indiana  
Iowa. 

Kansas  
Kentucky  
Louisiana  
Maine  

James  M.  Harvey  
John  W.  Stevenson  
Henry  C.  Warmouth.  .  . 
Joshua  L.  Chamberlain. 
Odcn  Bowie  
William  Claflin  .  .  . 

Jan.  1871, 
Sept.  1871, 
Jan.  1872, 
Jan.  1870, 
Jan.  1871, 
Jan.  1870, 
Jan.  1871, 
Jan.  1870, 

Maryland  
Massachusetts  .  . 
Michigan  

Henry  P.  Baldwin  .  .  . 
Wm.  R.  Marshall    
B.  B.  Eggleston 

Minnesota  
Mississippi  
Missouri  
Nebraska  
Nevada 

Joseph  W.  McClurg  .  .  . 
David  Butler  
Henry  G.  Blasdel  .  ... 
Walter  Harriman  
T.  F.  Randolph  
John  T.  Hoffman  
William  W.  Holden  .... 
Rutherford  B.  Hayes.  .  . 
George  L.  Woods  
John  W.  Geary  
A.  E.  Burnside  
Robert  K.  Scott  

Jan.  1872, 
Jan.  1871, 
Jan.   1871, 
June,1869, 
Jan.  1872, 
Jan.  1871, 
Jan.  1873, 
Jan.  1870, 
Sept.  1870, 
Jan.  1870, 
May,  1809, 
Nov.  1870, 

2,500 
1,000 
6.000 
1,000 
3.000 
4,000 

'4;666' 

1,500 
5,000 
1,000 
3,500 

Last  Mon.  in  Dec. 
1st  Th.  in  Jan.t 
1st  Mon.  in  Jan. 
1st  Wed.  in  June, 
2d  Tues.  in  Jan. 
1st  Tues.  in  Jan. 
3d  Mon.  in  Nov. 
1st  Mon.  in  Jan. 
2d  Mon.  in  Sept. 
1st  Tues.  in  Jan. 
May  and  Jan. 
4th  Tues.  in  Nov. 
1st  Mon.  in  Oct. 
1st  Mon.  in  Nov. 
2d  Thurs.  in  Oct. 
1st  Mon.  in  Dec. 
3d  Tues.  in  Jan. 
2d  Wed.  in  Jan. 

1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
2d  Tues.  in  Oct. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
2d-  Tues.  in  Mch. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 
1st  Th.  in  Aug.J 
2d  Tues.  in  Oct. 
1st  Mon.  in  June. 
2d  Tues.  in  Oct. 
1st  Wed.  in  Apr. 
3d  Wed.  in  Oct. 
1st  Th.  in  Aug. 
1st  Mon.  in  Aug. 
1st  Tues.  in  Sept. 
4th  Th.  in  May. 
4th  Th.  in  Oct. 
1st  Tu.  in  Nov.t 

New  Hampshire. 
New  Jersey  
New  York  
North  Carolina.. 
Ohio  
Oregon 

Pennsylvania  .  .  . 
Rhode  Island  .  .  . 
South  Carolina.  . 
Tennessee  
Texas  

Wm.  G.  Brownlow  
E.  M.  Pease  

Oct.   1869, 
Nov.  1870, 
Oct.  1870, 

3,000 
4,000 
1,000 
5.000 
2,000 
1,250 

Vermont  
Virginia 

John  B.  Page  
Henry  II  .  Wells  .  . 

West  Virginia  .  . 
Wisconsin  

Wm.  E.  Stevenson  
Lucius  Fairchild  

Mch.  1871, 
Jan.  1871, 

*  In  several  States,  a  furnished  house  is  also  provided.  t  After  1st  Monday. 

$  Time  fixed  by  Constitution ;  the  Legislature  may  change  it. 


STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 


1.    ALABAMA. 

Capital,  Montgomery.    Area,  50,722  square  miles.    Population,  (1866),  946,244. 

This  state  was  settled  by  the  French  at  Mobile  in  1713.  It  was  a  part  of 
Georgia  until  1802,  and  then  included  in  Mississippi  until  March  3,  1817.  It 
was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  by  act  of  Congress,  December  19, 1819. 
An  ordinance  of  secession  was  passed  at  a  state  convention,  January  11, 1861, 
and  declared  null  and  void  by  another  state  convention,  September  25, 1865. 

A  provisional  Governor  was  appointed  by  the  President  June  21,  1865  and 
withdrawn  in  favor  of  the  state  government,  December  18,  of  the  same  year. 
This  state  was  included  in  the  3d  military  district  by  act  of  Congress,  March 
2,  1867,  and  by  an  order  of  the  President  issued,  March  15,  was  placed  under 
the  command  of  Maj.  Gen.  John  Pope.  He  issued  orders,  August  31}  for  the 
election  of  delegates  to  a  state  convention  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a 
constitution  and  civil  government  for  the  state.  Delegates  were  appointed 
who  assembled  in  convention,  November  5, 1867,  and  prepared  a  constitution 
which  was  submitted  to  the  people,  February  4,  1868.  This  constitution  re 
ceived  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast,  but  not  a  majority  of  all  the  registered 
votes.  The  state  was  admitted  to  representation  in  Congress,  by  an  act  passed 
in  both  houses  over  the  President's  veto,  June  25, 1868. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor W.  H.  SMITH Randolph  Co $4,000 

Lieutenant  Governor A.  J.  APPLEGATE Huntsville 1,500 

Secretary  of  State CHARLES  A.  MILLER Montgomery 2,400 

Treasurer  and  Receiver  General ARTHUR  BINGHAM Talladega 2,800 

Auditor R.  M.  REYNOLDS Wilcox  Co 2,400 

Attorney  General JOSHUA  MORSE Choctaw  Co 2,800 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.^.  B.  CLOUD Montgomery 3,600 

Com.  of  Industrial  Resources J.  C.  REFFER Montgomery 2,500 

Major  General C.  W.  DUSTON Demopolis 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor,  Treasurer, 
and  Attorney  General,  are  chosen  by  the  electors  of  the  state  on  the  Tuesday 
after  the  first  Monday  in  November.  All  hold  office  for  two  years  except 
the  Auditor,  who  is  elected  for  four  years.  The  House  of  Representatives 
must  not  exceed  100  members  apportioned  according  to  population,  but  each 
county  is  to  have  one  member.  The  Senators  must  be  not  less  than  one- 
fourth  nor  more  than  one-third  of  the  number  of  representatives,  to  be  elected 
from  Senatorial  Districts  which  are  arranged  according  to  population,  and 

275 


276  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

each  district  has  one  senator.  Electors  are  eligible  as  representatives,  but 
senators  must  in  addition  be  27  years  of  age.  Term  of  office  of  representa 
tives  2  years,  and  of  senators  4  years. 

In  all  elections  by  the  people,  the  vote  is  by  ballot.  All  male  citizens 
21  years  of  age,  who  have  resided  in  the  state  six  months  next  preceding  an 
election  and  have  taken  the  oath  to  support  the  constitution  and  laws  of  the 
United  States  and  Alabama,  are  entitled  to  vote. 

The  constitution  provides  that  all  persons  resident  in  the  state,  born  in 
the  United  States  or  naturalized,  who  shall  have  legally  declared  their  in 
tention  to  become  citizens  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  citizens  of  the 
State  of  Alabama.  Temporary  absence  from  the  state  does  not  cause  a  for 
feiture  of  residence. 

Militia.  All  able-bodied  male  citizens  between  the  ages  of  18  and  45 
years  are  liable  to  military  duty.  The  Governor  is  commander-in-chief. 
One  Major  General  and  three  Brigadier  Generals  are  appointed  by  the  gov 
ernor  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  senate.  The  Adjutant-General  and 
other  staff  officers  are  appointed  by  the  Governor.  The  militia  is  divided 
into  two  classes,  volunteer  force  and  reserve  force.  Officers  and  men  receive 
no  pay  or  emoluments  when  not  in  active  service. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  Circuit  Courts,  Chancery 
Courts,  Courts  of  Probate,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  General  Assembly 
may  establish  from  time  to  time.  The  Supreme  Court  which  has  appellate 
jurisdiction  only,  must  be  held  at  the  seat  of  government  twice  every  year. 
The  constitution  requires  that  the  state  be  divided  into  circuits,  each  of 
which  shall  include  not  less  than  three  or  more  than  eight  counties.  A 
judge  must  be  chosen  for  each  circuit,  who  shall  after  his  election  reside  in 
the  circuit  for  which  he  shall  have  been  chosen.  Circuit  Courts  are  held  in 
each  county  twice  every  year. 

Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Circuit  Courts,  and  Court  of  Chancery  can 
hold  no  office  (except  judicial  office)  of  profit  or  trust  under  the  State  or 
United  States,  during  the  term  of  office  which  is  six  years.  The  Circuit 
Court  has  original  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  civil  and  criminal  within  the 
state,  not  otherwise  excepted  by  the  constitution,  but  in  civil  cases  only 
when  the  matter  or  sum  in  controversy  exceeds  fifty  dollars.  Judges  of  the 
several  courts,  justices  and  constables,  are  elected  by  the  people  in  each 
county.  The  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  appointed  by  the  judges.  Clerks 
of  Circuit  and  inferior  courts  are  appointed  by  the  people  for  six  years.  The 
attorney  general  must  reside  at  the  seat  of  government.  A  solicitor  must  be 
appointed  for  each  county. 

UNITED  STATES  COTTOTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  District  Judge,  Richard  Busteed.    District  Attorney, 

Northern  and  Middle  Districts,  F.  Bugbee.  Southern  District,  L.  V.  B.  Martin.  Marshal,  North 
ern  District,  Edward  E.  Douglass.  Middle  and  Southern  Districts,  R.  W.  Healey. 


1869.]  ALABAMA.  277 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Judges,  E.  W.  Peck,  Tuskaloosa ;  T.  M.  Peters,  Lawrence  Co. ;  B.  F.  Soffold,  Selma.  Salary, 
$4,000  each. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

Judges.— 1st  District,  B.  L.  Whelan,  Hale  Co. ;  2d  District,  J.  Q.  Smith,  Montgomery ;  M  Dis 
trict,  W.  S.  Mudd,  Jefferson  Co. ;  4th  District,  J.  S.  Clarke,  Lawrence  Co. ;  5th  District,  W.  J. 
Haralson,  DeKalb  Co. ;  6th  District,  John  Elliott,  Mobile  ;  1th  District,  L.  R.  Smith,  Choctaw 
Co. ;  8th  District,  J.  M.  Caleb,  Wiley,  Pike  Co. ;  9th  District,  L.  B.  Strange,  Macon  Co. ;  IQth 
District,  Charles  Pclham,  Talladega  Co. ;  11th  District,  P.  O.  Harper,  Butler  Co. ;  12th  District, 
W.  L.  Whitlock,  Cherokee  Co.  Salaries,  $3,000. 

COURTS  OF  CHANCERY. 

Chancellors.— Northern  Division,  Wm.  Skinner,  Franklin  Co. ;  Eastern  Division,  B.  B.  McCraw, 
Chambers  Co. ;  Soutliern  Division,  Adams  C.  Felden,  Montgomery ;  Western  Division,  A.  W. 
Dillard,  Sumter  Co. ;  Middle  Division,  W.  B.  Woods,  Autauga  Co.  Salaries,  $3,000. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  September  30,  1866,  $31,950.55 

Received  from  former  Treasurer,        -  1,651.84 

Receipts  to  September  30,  1867,  -  -  -  937,007.47 

$970,609.86 

Disbursements  for  year  1867,  830,033.94 

Balance  in  Treasury,  September  30,  1867,  -       $140,575.92 

Receipts  for  fiscal  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1868,        -    $1,577,144.08 
Disbursements  for "       "  "         "    '      "      -  1,461,429.34 


Balance  in  Treasury,  Sept.  30,  1868,  $115,714.74 

Total  Balance  in  Treasury,       "  -      $256,290.66 

CHIEF  SOURCES  OF  REVENUE  IN  1866. 

Taxes  on  Licenses,  Liquors,  &c $58,245.77       Southern  Express  Company $1,184.55 

Temporary  Loans 601,494.39        Sales  of  Alabama  State  Bonds 5,000.00 

State  Revenue  Stamps 2,599.50       Miscellaneous 937.98 

Total  Receipts $669,462.19 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  bonded  debt  of  the  state  January,  1867,  was  -     $4,066,100 

Of  this  there  was  payable  in  New  York,         -  2,582,800 

Payable  in  London,  -            -       1,483,300 

Total  bonded  debt,  July  11,  1868,       -  4,725,100 

Aggregate  value  of  property,  1860,  -  495,237,078 

EDUCATION. 

By  the  act  of  February  23,  1866,  it  was  provided  that  the  sum  of  $70,000 
be  loaned  to  the  University  of  Alabama,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a 
building  for  that  institution,  to  replace  the  one  destroyed  by  fire  in  1865. 
The  plan  adopted  for  the  University  building,  embraced  four  sides  of  a 
square,  with  rooms  for  public  halls,  recitations,  libraries,  laboratories,  cabi 
nets,  dormitories,  hospitals,  and  a  well  organized  boarding  department. 


278  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AISD  REGISTER. 

Each  side  of  the  square  will  be  330  feet  long,  and  the  interior  court  will 
measure  250  feet  on  every  side.  The  building  is  of  the  Tudor  Gothic  style, 
mostly  three  stories  high ;  the  middle  portion  of  the  front  and  rear  sides  are 
four  stories.  The  doors  of  all  the  rooms  are  glazed,  and  open  out  on  wide 
galleries,  which  surround  each  floor  of  the  building  on  the  interior  and 
court  side.  The  galleries,  supported  below  by  pressed  brick  arcades,  and 
above  by  cast  iron  colonnades,  extend  more  than  1,000  feet  on  each  floor, 
and  in  total  length,  more  than  one  mile. 

A  part  of  the  building  was  completed  ready  for  occupation  in  1868.  This 
included  ten  spacious  recitation  rooms  with  class  libraries  adjoining ;  forty- 
seven  dormitories,  accommodating  four  students  each ;  one  large  mess  hall, 
capable  of  seating  five  hundred  persons,  and  necessary  rooms  for  the  board 
ing  department. 

The  President  of  the  University  has  been  zealously  and  actively  engaged 
in  efforts  to  collect  a  library  and  scientific  apparatus. 

According  to  the  census  report  of  1860,  there  were  then  in  Alabama  17 
colleges  with  2120  students,  and  206  academies  and  private  schools.  Most 
of  these  were  suspended  during  the  war. 

The  constitution  provides  that  Common  Schools  and  other  educational 
institutions  shall  be  under  the  management  of  a  Board  of  Education  con 
sisting  of  a  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  two  members  from 
oach  congressional  district.  The  Governor  is  ex-officio  a  member  of  the 
Board.  Members  of  the  Board  hold  office  for  four  years,  one-half  elected 
biennially.  The  Board  of  Education  exercises  full  legislative  powers  in  ref 
erence  to  educational  institutions,  and  its  acts  when  approved  by  the  Gover 
nor  have  the  force  of  law.  The  Board  must  establish  in  each  township  or 
other  school  district,  one  or  more  schools  which  all  the  children  of  the  state 
between  the  ages  of  5  and  21  years  may  attend  free  of  charge. 

The  Board  is  also  a  Board  of  Regents  of  the  State  University.  It  meets 
annually  at  the  seat  of  government  at  the  same  time  as  the  General  As 
sembly,  but  must  not  continue  in  session  more  than  twenty  days.  Proceeds 
of  public  lands,  of  estates  of  persons  deceased  without  will  or  heir,  and  all 
money  paid  as  exemption  from  military  duty,  constitute  the  school  fund,  the 
interest  and  income  to  be  inviolably  appropriated  to  educational  purposes. 
In  addition  to  the  above,  one-fifth  of  the  aggregate  annual  revenue  of  the 
state  must  be  devoted  to  public  schools.  A  specific  annual  tax  is  to  be  laid 
on  railroads,  navigation,  bank  and  insurance  corporations,  which  is  also  to  be 
devoted  to  maintaining  public  schools. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  act  establishing  the  Insane  Hospital  was  passed  in  February,  1852, 
and  the  building  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  July,  1861.  The 
building  with  the  grounds  cost  $250,000.  The  hospital  is  under  the  charge 
of  an  efficient  officer  and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

Every  effort  is  made  in  the  treatment  of  patients,  to  improve  their  intel 
lectual  condition ;  and,  if  possible,  restore  them  to  full  mental  health.  This 


1869.]  ALABAMA.  379 

hospital  is  open  to  all  classes  of  patients.  Those  that  are  able  to  pay  are 
charged  at  a  moderate  rate.  For  those  who  are  unable  to  pay,  an  allowance 
of  $4  per  week  is  made  by  the  state. 

The  establishment,  as  now  conducted,  will  afford  accommodations  for  at 
least  350  persons,  or  about  one-half  of  those  in  the  state  who  are  afflicted 
with  mental  imbecility. 

The  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Talladega,  is  also  in  successful 
operation.  Under  the  judicious  management  of  the  superintendent,  good 
opportunities  are  afforded  deaf  mutes  for  acquiring  an  education. 

There  is  an  Asylum  for  the  Blind  at  Mobile.  The  State  Penitentiary  at 
"Wetumpka  has  had  an  increase  of  prisoners  since  the  war,  a  large  propor 
tion  being  colored  persons.  These  have  come  principally  from  the  cities  and 
large  towns  where  those  without  homes  and  means  of  support  naturally  con 
gregate.  In  November,  1866,  there  were  200  convicts  in  the  penitentiary, 
more  than  three-fourths  of  whom  were  colored. 

The  Penitentiary  is  leased,  and  the  convicts  are  worked  outside  the  prison 
walls  on  railroads,  or  in  iron  mines  and  coal  fields.  It  is  self-sustaining. 

Insane  Hospital,  Tuscaloosa.  PETER  BBTCE,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  in  hos 
pital  Oct.  1,  1806,—  males,  44;  females,  30;  total,  74.  Number  received  during  the  year,— males, 
46 ;  females,  31 ;  total,  77.  Whole  number  under  treatment  during  the  year,— males,  90 ;  females, 
61 ;  total,  151.  Discharged  as  cured,— males,  7 ;  females,  6  ;  total,  13.  As  improved,— males,  1 ; 
females,  2 ;  total,  3.  Died  during  the  year,— males,  11 ;  females,  4 ;  total,  15. 

Whole  number  admitted  from  the  opening  of  the  hospital  July  6,  1861,  to  October  1,  1867,— 
males,  182;  females,  102;  total,  284.  Whole  number  discharged,  cured,— males,  49;  females,  28; 
total,  77 ;  improved,— males,  16 ;  females,  6 ;  total,  22.  Eloped,— males,  12 ;  females,  1 ;  total, 
13.  Died,  males,  38 ;  females,  17 ;  total.  55.  Of  the  284  patients  admitted,  there  were  single,— 
males,  104;  females,  45;  total,  149.  Married,— males,  63;  females,  36;  total,  99.  Widowed,— 
males,  15 ;  females,  21 ;  total,  36.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity  of  those  admitted,— hereditary, 
75;  injuries,  25;  intemperance,  7 ;  typhoid  fever,  9 ;  uterine  disease,  8 ;  opium  eating,  4 ;  disap 
pointment,  3 ;  congenital,  6 ;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  145 ;  total,  284.  Occupation  of  those 
admitted,— farmers,  98,  mechanics,  10;  laborers,  38;  merchants,  24;  lawyers,  4;  physicians,  7; 
ministers,  8;  school  teachers,  8;  miscellaneous,  10;  none  and  unknown,  79;  total,  284.  Age  of 
those  admitted,— less  than  15  years  of  age,  4 ;  15  to  20,  13 ;  20  to  30,  75 ;  30  to  40,  92 ;  40  to  50,  54 ; 
50  to  60,  31 ;  60  to  70, 15.  The  class  of  those  admitted  is  as  follows— private  or  paying,  89 ;  coun 
ty  or  indigent,  184 ;  criminal,  11 ;  total,  284. 

Number  in  hospital  September  1,  1868,— males,  94;  females,  68;  total,  162.  Of  these,  11  are 
privatJ  patients,  and  151  indigent.  The  state  allows  $4  per  week  for  board,  clothing,  and  ex 
penses  of  each  indigent  patient,  and  the  private  patients  pay  $20  per  month  for  board. 

Institution  for  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind,  Talladega.  JOSEPH  H.  JOHNSON,  M.  D.,  Su 
perintendent.  Number  of  students,  40 ;  annual  appropriation  from  state  Treasury,  $8,000. 

POPULATION. 

This  state  suffered  much  in  the  late  war  both  in  its  material  interests  and 
in  the  decrease  of  its  population. 

There  had  been  a  steady  increase  in  the  latter  for  40  years  until  1860,  but 
from  that  time  to  1866,  there  was  a  decrease  of  3,632  whites,  and  14,325 
colored  persons,  or  a  total  decrease  of  17,957. 

The  following  table  gives  the  population  at  different  periods : 

Census.  Whites.  Free  Colored,  Slaves.  Total.  Inor.  per  cant. 

1820 85,451 571 41,879 127,901 

1830 190,406 1,572 117,549 309,527 142.01 

1840 335,185 2,039 253,532 590,756 90.86 


280  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Census.  Whites.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Inor.  per  cent. 

1850 426,514 2,265 342,844 771,623 30.62 

1860 526,431 2,690 435,080 964,201 24.96 

1866 522,799 423,445 946,244 

The  whole  number  of  adult  males  in  1866  was,— whites,  108,410 ;  negroes,  90,603  ;  total,  199,013. 

WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

Alabama  is  the  greatest  cotton  growing  state  in  the  Union.  The  princi 
pal  portion  of  her  cotton  is  raised  in  the  central,  south-east  and  south-west 
portions  of  the  state.  In  the  counties  washed  by  the  Chattahoochee  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  state,  sugar  and  rice  are  grown  to  some  extent.  The 
extreme  southern  counties  are  characterized  by  immense  forests  of  pine,  val 
uable  for  lumber  and  naval  stores.  They  are  convenient  to  Mobile  and 
Pensacola.  A  very  large  portion  of  the  land  in  this  region  belongs  to  the 
General  Government,  and  may  be  entered  free  of  charge  under  the  home 
stead  law. 

This  state  is  rich  in  mineral  treasures,  particularly  in  coal,  iron  ore,  lime 
stone  and  marble.  The  coal  has  been  subjected  to  both  a  scientific  and  prac 
tical  test,  and  proved  to  be  of  excellent  quality.  Taking  the  coal  fields  all 
together,  they  are  comprised  within  the  area  of  nearly  six  thousand  miles, 
in  the  counties  of  Marion,  Winston,  Walker,  Tuscaloosa,  Fayette,  Jefferson, 
Blount,  Bibb,  Shelby,  St.  Glair,  Morgan,  Marshall  and  DeKalb.  In  close 
proximity  to  the  coal  fields,  there  are  extensive  beds  of  the  best  quality  of 
iron  ore.  The  manufacture  of  iron  was  formerly  carried  on  to  a  considerable 
extent ;  during  the  recent  war  manufacturing  was  generally  suspended,  but 
it  has  partially  revived.  Several  furnaces  are  already  in  operation,  some  of 
them  through  the  instrumentality  of  capital  and  superintendence  from  the 
northern  states. 

Limestone  is  another  important  and  valuable  material,  which  abounds  in 
localities  convenient  for  transportation.  There  is  gold  in  Randolph,  Talla- 
dega,  Corsa,  Autauga,  and  Tallapoosa  counties.  Copper  is  found  in  the 
counties  of  Talladega  and  Clay. 

The  commercial  advantages  are  good.  The  rivers  are  navigable  more 
than  1500  miles ;  there  are  660  miles  of  railroads  in  the  state  ;  and  the  city 
of  Mobile  is  next  to  New  Orleans  the  greatest  cotton  market  in  the  United 
States.  There  were  received  at  this  place  in  1860,  846,784  bales  of  cotton, 
and  9,367,597  feet  of  lumber  were  exported. 

The  state  possesses  the  natural  facilities  requisite  for  successfully  prosecut 
ing  almost  every  branch  of  industry. 

A  Bureau  of  Industrial  Resources  is  established  under  the  management 
of  a  commissioner  elected  for  a  term  of  four  years,  who  is  to  collect  informa 
tion,  and  disseminate  among  the  people  such  knowledge  as  he  may  deem 
important  concerning  improvement  in  machinery,  and  for  the  promotion  of 
agricultural,  manufacturing  and  mining  interests. 

In  1866,  the  principal  products  were :  Corn,  21,597,083  bushels,  value,  $32,611,595;  Oats,  497,- 
900  bushels,  value,  $522,890;  Potatoes,  422,815  bushels,  value,  $1334,024 ;  Tobacco,  349,371  pounds, 
value,  $108,305;  Hay,  80,854  tons,  value,  $1,506,310. 


1869.]  ARKANSAS,  ggl 

2.  ARKANSAS. 

Capital,  Little  Rock.  Area,  52,198  square  miles.  Papidation,  (1860),  823,138. 
Arkansas  is  a  portion  of  the  Louisiana  purchase  ceded  to  the  United 
States  by  France  in  1803.  It  was  settled  by  the  French  at  Arkansas  Post  in 
1685,  was  formed  into  a  territory  from  a  part  of  Missouri,  March  2,  1819,  and 
admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  June  15,  1886.  A  state  convention 
assembled  at  Little  Rock  and  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession,  March  4, 
1861.  A  convention  to  revise  the  state  constitution  assembled  January  8, 
1864,  amended  the  constitution  and  provided  for  its  being  submitted  to  the 
people  March  18,  when  the  popular  vote  was  taken  with  12,177  in  its  favor, 
and  226  against  it.  Slavery  was  abolished  by  the  constitution.  The  state 
government  was  reorganized  in  1864,  but  it  was  not  recognized  by  Congress 
as  a  legal  government.  Arkansas  with  Mississippi  was  constituted  the  4th 
military  district  by  the  act  of  Congress  for  reconstruction,  passed  in  1867, 
and  Major  General  E.  O.  C.  Ord  was  appointed  to  the  command.  He  directed 
an  election  for  a  convention  in  November,  1867.  The  election  resulted  in  a 
majority  of  14,000  for  the  convention  which  assembled  January  8,  1868,  and 
February  11,  adopted  a  constitution  which  was  ratified  by  the  people,  March 
13.  The  state  was  again  admitted  into  the  Union  by  vote  of  Congress,  June 
22,  1868.  The  bill  as  it  passed  both  houses  was  returned  by  the  President 
without  his  signature,  but  was  passed  over  the  veto  in  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  June  20,  and  in  the  Senate  June  22. 

The  constitution  provides  among  other  things,  that  the  paramount  alle 
giance  of  every  citizen  is  due  to  the  Federal  Government,  in  the  exercise  of 
all  its  constitutional  powers,  as  the  same  may  be  defined  by  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States ;  and  no  power  exists  in  the  people  of  this  or  any  other 
state  of  the  Federal  Union  to  dissolve  their  connection  therewith,  or  per 
form  any  act  tending  to  impair,,  subvert,  or  resist  the  supreme  authority  of 
the  United  States.  The  equality  of  all  persons  before  the  law  shall  be  recog 
nized,  and  ever  remain  inviolate;  nor  shall  any  citizen  ever  be  deprived  of 
any  right,  privilege  or  immunity,  nor  exempted  from  any  burden  or  duty,  on 
account  of  race,  color  or  previous  condition. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  SALARY. 

Governor POWELL  CLAYTON $5,000 

Lieutenant  Governor A.  M.  JOHNSON 

Secretary  of  State R.  S.  J.  WHITE 3,000 

Auditor JAMES  R.  BERRY 3,000 

Treasurer HENRY  PAGE 3,000 

Attorney  General J.  R.  MONTGOMERY 3.500 

Superintendent  of  Public  Schools THOMAS  SMITH 3,500 

The  Governor  and  other  state  officers  are  chosen  by* the  qualified  electors 
at  the  same  time  as  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly.  The  term  of  office 
is  four  years.  The  House  of  Representatives  consists  of  82  members  chosen 
for  two  years,  and  the  Senate  of  24  members  chosen  for  four  years.  The 
Legislature  meets  every  two  years,  on  the  first  Monday  of  January. 


282  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

Every  male  person  born  in  the  United  States,  and  every  male  person  who 
has  been  naturalized,  or  has  legally  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citi 
zen  of  the  United  States,  who  is  twenty-one  years  old  or  upwards,  and  who 
shall  have  resided  in  the  state  six  months  next  preceding  the  election,  and 
who  at  the  time  is  an  actual  resident  of  the  county  in  which  he  offers  to 
vote,  shall  be  deemed  an  elector.  Criminals,  idiots,  insane  persons,  soldiers 
and  sailors  in  service  of  the  United  States,  and  certain  classes  who  partici 
pated  in  the  rebellion  are  excluded. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  four  Associate  Jus 
tices.  It  has  appellate  jurisdiction,  and  general  supervision  and  control 
over  all  inferior  courts  of  law  and  equity.  It  holds  two  terms  annually.  The 
Supreme  Court  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  for  eight  years. 

The  Circuit  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  over  all  criminal  cases  not 
expressly  provided  for  otherwise  by  law ;  there  are  two  terms  annually  in 
each  circuit.  The  Judges  and  District  Attorneys  are  appointed  by  the  Gov 
ernor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  a  term  of  four 
years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  H.  Miller.    District  Judge,  Henry  C.  Caldwell.    District  Attorney, 

Wheeler.  Marshals,  Isaac  Mills,  Luther  C.  White.  Clerks  District  Courts,  Charles  D.  Red- 
mand,  James  O.  Churchill. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  W.  W.  Wilehire,  Little  Rock.  Associate  Justices,  Lafayette  Gregg,  Little  Rock ; 
T.  M.  Bowen,  Little  Rock;  Jno.  McClure,  Little  Rock;  Win.  H.  Harrison,  Monticello.  Clerk 
and  Reporter,  L.  E.  Barber,  Little  Rock. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

1st  Circuit  Jno.  E.  Bennett,  Helena ;  2rf  Circuit,  Wm.  Storey, ;  3d  Circuit,  Elisha  Baxter, 

Batesville ;  <tth  Circuit,  M.  L.  Stephenson,  Huntsville ;  5th  Circuit,  E.  D.  Ham,  Fayetteville ; 
6th  Circuit,  Wm.  M.  May,  Dardannelle ;  1th  Circuit,  Jno.  Whytock,  Little  Rock ;  8th  Circuit, 
E.  J.  Searle,  Little  Rock ;  Wh  Circuit,  G.  N.  McCowen,  Magnolia ;  Wth  Circuit,  Henry  B.  Morse, 
Pine  Bluff. 

FINANCES. 

The  last  reports  of  the  Treasurer  and  Auditor  which  wre  have  been  able 
to  obtain,  present  statements  of  the  receipts  and  payments  of  money  from 
the  reorganization  of  the  State  Government  in  April,  1864,  to  September 
30,1866,  or  for  2  years,  5  months,  and  12  days. 

RECEIPTS. 

Balance  from  late  Treasurer  in  gold $5,004.00 

Proceeds  of  gold  due  the  State  from  the  late  agent 5,500.00 

Received  from  sheriffs 210,980.71 

From  Auditor's  sale,  and  redemption  of  land  forfeited  for  non-payment  of  taxes 1,379.87 

$222,864.58 
PAYMENTS. 

Auditor's  warrants  paid  in  specie $5,004.00 

Auditor's  warrants  paid  in  currency 65,096.78 

$70,700.78 

Balance  in  treasury  of  General  Revenue 152,163.80 

Balance  due  certain  funds 764.90 

Balance  due  counties  for  county  tax 575.17 

Balance  due  County  clerks  for  fees 36.50 

Aggregate  in  Treasury,  September  30, 1866 $153,540.37 


1869.]  ARKANSAS.  333 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  State  Debt  was  created  on  account  of  the  banks,  and  consisted  of 
State  Bonds,  issued  by  the  state,  amounting  in  principal  and  interest,  Decem 
ber  31,  1866,  to  $3,575,1?,!. 

There  had  also  been  transferred  from  certain  funds,  and  used  for  state 
purposes,  the  following  amounts : 

From  Swamp  Land  Fund,  specie,  $91,938.96.  From  Internal  Improvement  Fund,  specie, 
$16,120.28;  confederate  money,  $3,379.00;  treasury  warrants,  $15,297.47;  war  bonds,  $2,549.74. 
From  Seminary  Fund,  specie,  $4,677.95;  war  bonds,  $504.32;  treasury  warrants,  $79.82;  con 
federate  money,  $1,998.72.  From  Saline  Fund,  specie,  $545.51;  treasury  warrants,  $4,080.71. 
Aggregate  value  of  property  in  1860,  as  given  by  census,  $219,256,473;  as  assessed  in  1867, 
$52,510,771.  The  amount  of  the  State  Debt  in  1868,  was  $4,577,081. 

EDUCATION. 

According  to  the  census  of  1860,  there  were  in  Arkansas  4  colleges,  with 
225  students,  and  an  income  of  $5,585;  727  public  schools,  with  19,242 
pupils,  and  $120,613  income,  of  which  $200  was  endowments,  and  $13,356 
from  public  funds ;  109  academies  and  other  schools,  with  4,415  pupils,  and 
$68,146  income,  of  which  $6,300  was  endowments  and  $8,645  from  public 
funds. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  the  interests  of  education  were  in  a  confused  and 
depressed  condition.  Literary  institutions  had  been  closed,  some  of  the 
buildings  had  been  wantonly  destroyed,  or  rendered  unfit  for  educational 
purposes  by  military  occupation;  funds  had  been  scattered,  educational 
grants  wasted,  and  no  system  of  public  instruction  existed  to  meet  the  wants 
of  the  community. 

Governor  Murphy,  in  his  message  to  the  General  Assembly  in  1866,  says, 
"  No  state  in  the  Union  is,  at  present,  behind  Arkansas  in  educational  pro 
vision,  and  never,  in  the  history  of  the  state,  have  the  people  indicated  a 
stronger  desire  for  the  establishment  of  a  thorough  system  of  common  school 
education  at  the  public  expense.  The  people  are  beginning  to  feel  that 
ignorance  is  a  crime,  deeply  injurious  to  the  peace  and  happiness  of  society, 
for  which  not  only  parents,  but  the  government  also,  are  responsible." 

The  constitution  makes  it  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  establish 
and  maintain  free  schools,  and  provide  by  law  for  the  improvement  of  such 
lands  as  are  or  hereafter  may  be  granted  by  the  United  States  to  this  State 
for  the  use  of  schools,  and  to  apply  any  funds  which  may  be  raised  from 
such  lands,  or  from  any  other  sources.  It  provides  for  a  State  University,  with 
an  agricultural  department;  makes  it  obligatory  on  parents  to  send  each 
child  to  school  at  least  three  years  between  the  age  of  five  and  eighteen, 
or  to  give  them  instruction,  at  home  or  elsewhere  equivalent.  The  Superin 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction  has  the  general  supervision  of  public  schools. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Arkansas  Institution  for  the  Blind  was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  the 
General  Assembly,  February  4,  1859,  and  opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils 
the  same  month.  The  act  of  incorporation  provided  no  funds,  but  in  1861, 
there  was  an  appropriation  from  the  Seminary  and  Saline  Funds,  for  the 


284  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

board,  tuition  and  incidental  expenses  of  indigent  pupils  not  exceeding  20, 
of  $200  to  each,  and  an  appropriation  of  $900  towards  the  salary  of  the 
Principal.  With  this  aid  amounting  in  all  to  $3,807,  and  contributions  and 
receipts  from  other  sources  to  the  amount  of  $1,131.75,  the  institution  was 
organized,  houses  and  furniture  procured,  and  13  blind  children  supported 
and  educated  for  two  years.  The  institution  was  kept  in  successful  opera 
tion  until  1863,  when,  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  country,  it  was  closed 
and  the  property  sold. 

The  Penitentiary  was  under  the  control  of  the  Commander  of  the  Depart 
ment,  while  Arkansas  was  occupied  by  the  United  States  Military  forces, 
and  used  partly  as  a  Military  Prison.  The  buildings  were,  at  the  time  of  the 
meeting  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  much  need  of  repair. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

This  state  has  rapidly  increased  in  population,  and  its  position  gives  it 
many  advantages  for  the  employment  of  labor  and  capital.  The  following 
table  exhibits  the  population  at  each  decade  since  it  was  organized  as  a 
territory : 

Census.  White.  Tree  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Incr.  per  cent. 

1820 12,579 77 1,617 14,273 

1830 25,671 141 4,576 30,388 112.91 

1840 77,174 4G5 19,935 97,574 221.09 

1850 162,189 G08 47,100 209,897 115.12 

1860 324,191 144 111,115 435,450 107.46 

The  agricultural  statistics  of  1860  showed  a  rapid  enlargement  of  culti 
vated  land,  and  a  six-fold  improvement  in  the  value  of  farms  and  farm  im 
plements  over  the  preceding  decade.  The  live  stock  averaged  from  fifty  to 
three  hundred  per  cent,  increase  upon  the  returns  of  1850.  The  cereal  crops 
showed  still  greater  improvement.  The  soil,  especially  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  state  and  on  the  rivers,  is  very  rich,  but  needs  drainage  to  be  made 
available  for  agricultural  purposes.  It  is  rich  in  minerals.  It  exceeds  all 
the  other  states  in  the  abundance  of  gypsum  and  manganese,  and  iron,  coal, 
lead,  and  zinc  are  abundant. 

It  is  not  a  manufacturing  state,  but  in  1860,  it  had  518  establishments, 
giving  an  annual  product  of  $2,880,578.  Its  rivers  afford  excellent  facilities 
for  commerce,  and  the  introduction  of  labor  and  capital  with  these  facilities 
will  develop  its  resources  and  add  greatly  to  its  wealth.  The  following  is 
the  assessed  value  of  property  from  all  except  10  counties  not  reported. 

Value  of  taxable  property  in  1865.  Number  of  acres  of  land,  10,699,956;  value  of 
land  and  improvements,  $213,733,832.  Number  of  town  lots,  14,959 ;  value  of  city  and  town  lots 
and  improvements,  $2,962,318.  Number  of  paw  mills,  104;  value  of  saw  mills,  $410,860.  Num 
ber  of  tan-yards,  117  ;  value  of  tan-yards,  $39,489.  Number  of  distilleries,  64 ;  value  of  distill 
eries,  $8,893.  Household  furniture  over  $200  in  value,  $60,634.  Number  of  pleasure  carriages, 
1,321 ;  value  of 'pleasure  carriages,  $110,000.  Total,  $27.320,026. 

Banks.  There  were,  in  1868,  two  National  Banks,  with  $200,000  capital,  and  a  circulation 
of  $179,500. 


1869.]  CALIFORNIA.  285 

3.  CALIFORNIA. 

Capital,  Sacramento.    Area*,  188,981  square  miles.    Population,  (1866),  470,597. 
California  was  settled  by  the  Spaniards  in  1769,  ceded  to  the  United  States 
by  Mexico  in  1848,  and  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state  in  1850. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  SALARY. 

Governor H.  H.  HAIGHT f  7,000 

Lieutenant  Governor WILLIAM  HOLDEN 12  pr.  day. 

Secretary HENRY  L.  NICHOLS 4,000 

Treasurer ANTONIO  F.  CORONEL 4,000 

Comptroller ROBERT  WATT ,. 4,000 

Attorney  General JOSEPH  HAMILTON 4,000 

Surveyor  General JOHN  W.  BOST 3,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction O.  P.  FITZGERALD 3,000 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Comptroller, 
Treasurer,  Attorney  General,  Surveyor  General  and  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  are  chosen  for  four  years  commencing  with  the  first  Monday  in 
December  after  the  election.  The  last  election  for  state  officers  was  in  Sep 
tember,  1867. 

The  Legislature  meets  biennially  on  the  first  Monday  in  December  of  the 
odd  years,  1869,  1871,  &c. ;  the  session  is  limited  to  120  days.  The  Senators, 
40  in  number,  are  elected  for  four  years,  one-half  being  elected  every  second 
year ;  the  Representatives,  80  in  number,  are  elected  for  two  years. 

Every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  every  white  male  citizen 
of  Mexico,  who  shall  have  elected  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
under  the  treaty  of  peace  exchanged  and  ratified  at  Queretaro  on  the  30th 
of  May,  1848,  of  the  age  of  21  years,  who  shall  have  been  a  resident  of  the 
State  six  months  next  preceding  the  election,  and  of  the  county  or  district 
in  which  he  claims  his  vote,  thirty  days,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  all 
elections,  which  are  now,  or  hereafter  may  be  authorized  by  law. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice,  and  four  Associate  Jus 
tices.  It  has  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  in  equity,  in  all  cases  at  law 
involving  the  title  or  possession  of  real  estate,  or  the  legality  of  any  tax,  toll, 
fine,  etc.,  or  in  which  the  matter  in  controversy  amounts  to  $300  ;  also  in  all 
cases  arising  in  the  Probate  Courts ;  and  in  all  criminal  cases  amounting  to 
felony  on  questions  of  law  alone.  It  has  power  to  issue  writs  of  mandamus, 
certiorari,  prohibition,  and  habeas  corpus,  and  all  writs  necessary  and  proper 
to  the  exercise  of  its  appellate  jurisdiction. 

The  State  is  divided  into  fourteen  judicial  districts,  in  each  of  which 
there  is  a  District  Court.  This  Court  has  original  jurisdiction  in  all  the 
cases  in  equity  and  law  already  mentioned  in  which  the  Supreme  Court  has 
appellate  jurisdiction.  It  has  Criminal  jurisdiction  in  criminal  cases  not 
otherwise  provided  for.  Each  organized  county  lias  a  County  Court  with 


286  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

original  jurisdiction  of  actions  of  forcible  entry  and  detainer,  insolvency, 
nuisance,  and  of  all  such  special  cases  as  are  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

A  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  may  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus  to  any 
part  of  the  State  in  behalf  of  any  person  held  in  custody,  a  District  Judge  a 
similar  writ  in  his  district,  and  a  Judge  of  a  County  Court  in  his  county. 
The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the 
State  at  special  elections  at  which  no  other  than  judicial  officers  shall  be 
elected  except  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  The  District 
Judges  are  chosen  at  the  same  time  by  the  qualified  electors  of  their  respec 
tive  districts,  and  the  Judges  of  the  County  Courts  by  the  qualified  electors 
of  their  respective  counties. 

The  term  of  office  for  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  ten  years ;  for 
the  Judges  of  the  District  Court  six  years ;  and  for  the  Judges  of  the  County 
Courts  four  years,  all  commencing  on  the  first  of  January  next  succeeding 
the  time  of  election. 

UNITED  STATES  COUKTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Stephen  J.  Field.  District  Judge,  Ogden  Hoffman.  District  Attorney,  Delos 
Lake.  Marshal,  Charles  W.  Rand.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  George  E.  Whitney, 
all  of  San  Francisco. 

SUPREME  COURT. 
Chief  Justice,  Royal  T.  Spragne. 

Associate  Justices,  Lorenzo  Sawyer,  A.  L.  Rhodes,  O.  L.  Shafter,  S.  W.  Sanderson. 
Attorney  General,  J.  G.  McCullough.  Clerk,  Wm.  Wood.  Reporter,  C.  A.  Tuttle. 
Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $6,000 ;  of  each  Associate  Justice,  $6,000. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Judges.  First  District,  Pablo  de  la  Guerra,  Santa  Barbara ;  Second  District,  W.  T.  Sexton, 
Oroville ;  Third  District,  S.  B.  McKee,  Oakland ;  Fourth  District,  E.  D.  Sawyer,  San  Francisco ; 
Fifth  District,  J.  M.  Cavis,  Sonora ;  Sixth  District,  J.  H.  McKune,  Sacramento ;  Seventh  District, 
J.  B.  Southard,  Petaluma;  Eighth  District,  William  S.  Brock,  Eureka;  Ninth  District,  E.  Gar 
ter,  Shasta;  Tenth  District,  J.  S.  Belcher,  Marysville ;  Eleventh  District,  S.  W.  Brockway,  Moke- 
lumne  Hill ;  Twelfth  District,  O.  C.  Pratt,  San  Francisco ;  Thirteenth  District,  J.  M.  Bondurant, 
Mariposa ;  Fourteenth  District,  T.  B.  McFarland,  Nevada. 

Salaries  in  Fourth  and  Twelfth  Districts,  $6,000 ;  in  all  the  rest,  $5,000. 

KEGISTERS  IN  BANKRUPTCY. 

First  Congressional  District,  Ashcr  B.  Bates,  San  Francisco ;  Second  Congressional  District, 
Samuel  J.  CJark,  San  Francisco ;  Third  Congressional  District,  Rowland  L.  Woodworth,  Petaluma. 

TIMES  AND  PLACES  FOR  HOLDING  COURTS. 

United  States  District  Court— District  of  California.  Regular  terms  in  San  Francisco,  first 
Monday  of  April,  second  Monday  of  August,  and  first  Monday  of  December.  Special  terms  at, 
the  discretion  of  the  court. 

United  States  Circuit  Court— District  of  California.  Regular  terms  held  in  San  Francisco, 
first  Monday  of  February,  second  Monday  of  June,  and  first  Monday  of  October.  Special  terms 
at  discretion  of  court. 

Supreme  Court  of  California.  Regular  terms  at  San  Francisco,  first  Monday  of  January, 
April,  July,  and  October. 

DISTRICT  AND  COUNTY  COURTS  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

District  Court.  Regular  terms  Fourth  District,  first  Monday  of  February,  May,  August 
and  November ;  Twelfth  District,  first  Monday  of  January,  April,  July,  and  October. 

County  Court.    Regular  terms  first  Monday  of  January,  and  of  each  alternate  month  thereafter. 


1869.]  CALIFORNIA.  287 

FINANCES. 
EECEIPTS  FOR  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1867. 

Counties  for  taxes $1,910,293.05 

Counties  for  licenses 112,259.23 

Swamp  and  Overflowed  lands 28,172.78 

State  School  lands,  principal  and  interest 48,399.60 

Seminary  lands,  principal  and  interest 3,130.69 

Building  and  side  lands 294.40 

Court  Fees 13,545.35 

Sundry  persons  for  stamps 175,188.91 

Commissioner  of  Immigration 13,617.10 

State  Harbor  Commissioners 207,464,19 

Sales  of  Soldier's  Bounty  Bonds 1,028,720.00 

Miscellaneous ...  ...  54,146.76 


Total  Receipts $3,595,232.06 

EXPENDITURES  FOR  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,  1867. 

Executive  Department , $76,181.38 

Legislative  Department 10,514.57 

Judicial  Department 114,564.24 

State  Library 13,130.70 

Support  of  Insane 171,437.35 

Support  of  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind 40,000.00 

Military 702, 698 .06 

State  Printing ., . 42,314.65 

State  Prison 50.000.00 

Support  of  Indigent  Sick 14,061.45 

Charitable  Institutions 34,500.00 

Interest  on  State  Debt 505,543.26 

Redemption  of  State  Debt 417,411.44 

Purchase  of  State  Bonds 17,725.75 

Support  of  Common  Schools 233,254.51 

Miscellaneous  purposes 440,186.56 

Reclamation  of  Swamp  and  Overflowed  lands 70,709.87 

Total  Expenditures $2,954,233.79 

PUBLIC  DEBT. 

Bonds  of  1867  outstanding  July  1, 1867 $3,314,000.00 

Bonds  of  1860  outstanding  July  1,  1867 177,000.00 

Soldiers'  Relief  Bonds  outstanding  July  1,  1867 507,500.00 

Soldiers'  Bounty  Bonds  outstanding  July  1, 1867 1,113,000.00 

Total  amount  of  funded  debt  July  1,  1867 $5,111,500.00 

On  the  15th  day  of  July,  1867,  there  was  further  issue  of  Soldiers'  Bounty  Bonds 15,000.00 

Making  the  total  funded  debt  on  the  first  day  of  November,  1867 $5,126,500.00 

Estimated  Receipts  for  1869 $2,394,440.00 

Estimated  Expenditures  for  1869 2,246,630.00 

Total  assessed  value  of  property  in  the  state  for  1866,  $197,789,107,  as  follows :  real  estate, 
$93,379,737;  improvements,  $15,306,817 ;  personal  property,  $88,239,582. 

EDUCATION. 

The  State  has  made  great  advances  in  the  cause  of  public  education  since 
its  admission  to  the  Union,  and  has  now  a  school  system  which  in  some  re 
spects  is  unsurpassed  in  any  of  the  Eastern  States.  The  year  1867  marks 
the  change  from  "  rate  bill "  schools  to  the  free  school  system. 


288  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

There  is  a  State  Board  of  Education  which  consists  of  the  Governor,  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  the  Principal  of  the  State  Normal 
School,  the  Superintendents  of  Schools  in  San  Francisco,  and  in  Sacramen 
to,  Santa  Clara  and  San  Joaquin  counties,  and  two  professional  teachers 
holding  state  diplomas.  The  Board  has  power  to  adopt  courses  of  study, 
rules  and  regulations  for  all  public  schools  in  the  state,  but  such  rules 
must  not  be  in  conflict  with  the  special  rules  adopted  by  the  Board  of  Ed 
ucation  of  any  city  or  county. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  who  is  elected  by  the  people  for 
four  years,  has  the  general  supervision  of  Public  Schools  and  he  is  ex-officio 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind,  and 
of  the  State  Reform  School.  A  County  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools 
is  elected  in  each  county  for  two  years,  who  is  required  to  visit  each  school 
in  his  county  at  least  once  a  year,  to  distribute  forms,  reports  and  circulars, 
and  make  an  annual  report  to  the  State  Superintendent.  Each  county,  city 
or  incorporated  town  constitutes  a  school  district  unless  districts  are  other 
wise  established  by  the  Board  of  Supervisors.  Each  district  elects  a  board 
of  Trustees  which  has  power  to  employ  and  dismiss  teachers  and  make  gen 
eral  arrangements  and  regulations  for  the  public  schools  of  their  respective 
districts. 

The  State  Board  of  Examination  consisting  of  the  Superintendent  of  Pub 
lic  Instruction,  and  four  professional  teachers,  has  power  to  grant  Teachers 
Life  Diplomas  valid  for  life ;  State  Diplomas  valid  for  six  years,  and  State 
Certificates — first  grade,  for  four  years,  second  grade  for  two  years,  and  third 
grade  for  one  year.  All  regularly  issued  State  Normal  School  Diplomas  of 
any  State  Normal  School  in  the  United  States,  and  all  Life  Diplomas  granted 
by  the  State  Board  of  Examination  in  any  of  the  United  States  are  recog 
nized  as  prima  facie  evidence  of  fitness  for  the  profession  of  teaching. 

There  is  a  County  Board  of  Examiners  in  each  county,  composed  of  the 
County  Superintendent  and  a  number  of  teachers  not  exceeding  three,  who 
can  grant  three  grades  of  certificates  valid  in  the  county  for  one,  two  and 
three  years  respectively.  Every  city  having  a  City  Board  of  Education,  gov 
erned  by  special  laws,  must  have  a  Board  of  Examiners,  consisting  of  the 
City  Superintendent  and  three  public  school  teachers.  This  Board  has 
power  to  grant  certificates  of  the  same  grade  as  the  State  Board,  but  valid 
only  in  the  city  in  which  they  are  granted. 

The  requirements  for  State  Diplomas,  and  first  and  second  grade  certifi 
cates  are  a  knowledge  of  algebra,  arithmetic,  English  grammar,  composition, 
geography,  history  of  the  United  States,  physiology,  natural  philosophy,  or 
thography,  defining,  penmanship,  constitution  and  government  of  the  United 
States,  reading,  elocution,  and  theory  and  practice  of  teaching,  and  good 
moral  character.  The  requirements  for  the  second  grade  are  the  foregoing 
studies,  except  natural  philosophy  and  algebra.  Life  Diplomas  may  be 
granted  by  the  State  Board  of  Education  to  such  persons  only  as  shall  have 
taught  one  year  successfully,  or  have  held  for  the  same  time  the  office  of 
State,  City  or  County  Superintendent. 


I860.]  CALIFORNIA.  289 

The  State  Normal  School  is  under  the  charge  of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  com 
posed  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Education.  More  than  nine-tenths 
of  the  pupils  since  its  organization  in  1862,  have  been  young  ladies.  The 
course  of  study  is  limited  to  the  elementary  branches.  A  successful  Train 
ing  Department  in  which  the  Normal  pupils  pass  a  part  of  their  time  in  ob 
servation  and  practice,  is  connected  with  the  Normal  School. 

The  city  of  San  Francisco  has  maintained  a  system  of  free  public  schools 
since  the  organization  of  the  city  government.  These  schools  have  been  lib 
erally  supported  and  efficiently  organized.  The  growth  of  the  schools  has 
kept  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  city.  In  1850,  there  were  twro  teachers 
and  150  pupils  in  attendance,  and  in  1867,  253  teachers  and  13,385  pupils. 

STATISTICS  OP  SCHOOLS  FOR  1867. 

Number  of  children  between  5  and  15  years  of  age— whites,  92,409;  negroes,  709;  Indian  chil 
dren  under  guardianship  of  white  persons,  1,231.  Whole  number  of  census  children  between 
5  and  15  years  of  age,  94,349;  increase  in  one  year,  9,197;  number  between  5  and  15  years  of  age 
who  have  attended  public  schools  during  the  school  year,  54,726 ;  number  of  same  age  who  have 
attended  private  schools,  14,026 ;  number  who  have  not  attended  any  school  during  the  school 
year,  21,411.  Number  of  Mongolian  children  under  15  years  of  age,  412;  number  attending 
school,  218. 

Number  of  pupils  enrolled— boys,  31,943 ;  girls,  29,284.  Total,  61,227.  Average  number  belong 
ing  to  public  schools,  45,673;  average  daily  attendance,  43,271.  Average  length  of  schools,  7.2 
months.  Number  of  male  teachers  employed,  616 ;  female  teachers,  773 ;  total,  1,389.  Number 
of  certificates  issued  by  County  Board  to  male  teachers,  362 ;  to  female  teachers,  491 ;  total, 
853.  Number  of  certificates  renewed,  296;  number  of  State  Diplomas  issued,  148. 

iNumber  of  School  Districts,  864;  school  houses  built  of  brick,  58;  of  wood,  821 ;  number  of 
new  school  houses  erected,  106.  Number  of  schools— 1st  Grade,  168;  2d  Grade,  426;  3d  Grade, 
471 ;  High  Schools,  6. 

Amount  of  School  Fund  received— from  State,  $268,910.84 ;  from  county  taxes,  $302,945.36 ; 
from  city  tax,  $292,773 ;  from  district  tax,  $58,954.74;  from  rate  bills  and  subscriptions,  $81,- 
99<5.31 ;  miscellaneous  sources,  $210,857.81 ;  cash  on  hand  at  beginning  of  year,  $71,279.92;  total 
receipts,  $1,287,687.98.  Expenditures— for  teachers  salaries,  $696,110.28 ;  for  sites,  buildings,  and 
repairs,  $238,010.64 ;  for  rent,  fuel,  and  contingent  expenses,  $213,610.96 ;  for  school  libraries, 
$10,125.10;  for  apparatus,  $5,431.83;  miscellaneous,  $5,294;  total  expenditures,  $1,168,583.41 ; 
increase  over  1866,  $310,096.  Average  monthly  wages  paid  male  teachers,  $77 ;  female  teachers, 
$64.  Average  annual  salary  of  male  teachers  exclusive  of  board,  $554 ;  of  female  teachers, 
$460.  The  number  of  teachers  in  1867  holding  State  Life  Diplomas,  was  46 ;  holding  State  Ed 
ucational  diplomas,  94 ;  first  grade  certificates,  157 ;  second  grade  certificates,  102 ;  third  grade 
certificates,  33. 

Average  cost  of  tuition  for  each  child  enrolled  on  public  school  registers,  $11.20;  total  expen 
diture  for  each  child  enrolled,  $18.85.  Total  valuation  of  school  property,  $1,346,335.72;  of  school 
libraries,  $21,366.56;  of  school  apparatus,  $21,718.  The  average  daily  attendance  in  1857,  was 
9.717 ;  in  1867.  43.271 ;  an  increase  in  ten  years  of  33,554  or  345  per  cent. 

San  Francisco.  There  were  in  the  city  in  1867, 20,253  children  between  5  and  15  years  of  age, 
of  whom  1,761  were  between  5  and  6  years  of  age  and  not  allowed  to  attend  the  public  schools. 
13,000  of  those  between  6  and  15  were  enrolled,  the  average  number  belonging  to  the  schools 
being  10,856.  There  were  4,165  in  private  schools,  and  1,277  not  attending  any  school.  The  city 
has  3  High  Schools,  8  Grammar  schools,  and  24  Primary  schools.  There  are  10  High  School 
classes  averaging  25  pupils  each,  58  Grammar  School  classes,  averaging  55  pupils  each,  and 
152  Primary  school  classes,  averaging  60  pupils  each.  The  average  cost  of  each  scholar  per  year 
in  the  High  School,  is  $82.49,  in  the  Grammar  and  Primary  Schools,  $17.17.  Fifty  of  the  teach 
ers  are  graduates  of  the  California  State  Normal  School,  several  others  are  from  Normal  Schools 
in  the  Eastern  States.  The  amount  paid  for  tuition  during  the  year  was  $209.736.92,  an  increase 
of  $26,201.84  over  1866.  Some  of  the  school-houses  are  among  the  finest  in  the  country. 

Sacramento.  The  first  public  school  in  this  city  was  opened  in  February,  1854 ;  in  July 
of  the  same  year,  there  were  261  pupils  in  the  public  schools,  and  250  in  private  schools ;  the 
number  of  children  in  the  city  between  the  ages  of  4  and  18  was  1,218.  In  1867,  there  were  of 
19 


290  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

children  under  15  years  of  age— white,  3,782 ;  colored,  102 :  Indian,  14 ;  Chinese,  45 ;  total,  3,943. 
The  average  number  of  pupils  attending  the  public  schools  in  18(57,  was  1,700;  average  attend 
ance  about  1,300.  There  are  15  schools  in  the  city,  viz :  1  High  School,  under  the  charge  of  a 
Principal  and  assistant ;  1  Grammar  School,  under  a  Principal  and  four  assistants  ;  4  Interme 
diate  Schools,  under  a  Principal  and  assistant  each ;  7  Primaries  having  a  Principal  and  assistant 
each ;  1  Colored  School,  with  a  Principal  and  assistant :  and  an  Ungraded  School,  with  a  Prin 
cipal  only.  The  Colored  School  is  not  graded.  The  Board  of  Education  now  employs  32 
teachers  and  assistants.  The  cost  per  pupil  in  1866  (a  fair  average)  was  $10.95  per  annum  in 
the  Primary  Schools,  $16.40  in  the  Intermediate,  $29.60  in  the  Grammar,  $36.83  in  the  Ungraded, 
$27.52  in  the  Colored,  and  $61.10  in  the  High  Schools. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Insane  Asylum  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in  1851,  when 
13  were  admitted.  In  1852,  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  all  of  the  insane 
of  the  state  were  removed  to  this  institution.  Out  of  the  124  admitted  that 
year,  only  3  were  natives  of  California.  Since  that  time,  the  number  of  insane 
has  steadily  and  rapidly  increased  far  beyond  the  usual  proportion  to  the 
population. 

Important  changes  and  great  improvements  have  been  made  in  the  institu- 
1  tion  under  Dr.  Shurtleff,  the  present  superintendent,  but  it  is  much  crowded 
and  the  Medical  Visitors  recommend  the  removal  of  all  "  foreign  patients, 
as  well  as  epileptics,  idiots  and  imbeciles,"  that  the  legitimate  indigent  in 
sane  persons, -residents  of  the  state  may  be  properly  treated. 

The  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind, 
has  been  reorganized  under  the  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  March  31, 
1866. 

A  new  and  convenient  building,  194  by  148  feet,  has  been  erected,  upon 
a  tract  of  130  acres,  near  Oakland,  in  Alameda  County.  It  provides  for  a 
separation  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  from  the  blind,  and  also  for  the  complete 
separation  of  the  two  sexes.  No  charge  is  made  to  pupils  from  California, 
those  from  other  states  pay  $300  per  annum. 

The  State  Reform  School  at  Marysville  was  reported  in  successful  opera 
tion  at  the  close  of  the  year  1867. 

The  Legislature  at  a  previous  session,  passed  a  bill  abolishing  the  school, 
and  providing  for  the  transfer  of  its  inmates  to  the  Industrial  School  of  San 
Francisco  but  it  was  not  approved  by  the  governor. 

Insane  Asylum  of  California,  Stockton.  G.  A.  SHURTLEFF,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  patients  in  asylum  October  1,  1866 — males,  506;  females,  187;  total,  693.  Admitted 
during  the  year — males,  226;  females,  87;  total,  313.  Whole  number  under  treatment  during  the 
year — males,  732;  females,  274;  total,  1,006.  Number  of  patients  discharged  during  the  year — 
males,  107 ;  females,  32 ;  total,  139 ;  recovered,  125 ;  improved,  14.  Number  died  during  the 
year— males,  66;  females,  23;  total,  89.  Eloped,  9.  Remaining  October  1,  1867,  769.  Supposed 
cause  of  insanity  of  those  admitted  during  the  year — intemperance,  19 ;  injury  to  the  head,  9 ; 
menstrual  derangement,  6 ;  sickness,  11 ;  domestic  trouble,  12;  masturbation,  34;  religion,  12; 
child-birth,  5 ;  pecuniary  losses,  18 ;  hereditary,  8 ;  love,  6 ;  epilepsy,  8 ;  spiritualism,  4 ;  mis 
cellaneous  and  unknown,  167 ;  total,  313.  There  were — unmarried,  172 ;  married,  114 ;  widowed, 
10;  unknown,  17;  total,  313.  Occupation  of  those  admitted — miners,  39;  laborers,  54;  farmers, 
15;  housewives,  56 ;  servants,  11;  clerks,  4;  merchants,  5;  carpenters,  8;  soldiers,  6;  sailors 
13;  shoe  makers,  6;  barbers,  3;  bar-keepers,  3;  stewards,  4;  tailors,  5;  cooks,  3;  unknown, 
miscellaneous  or  of  no' occupation,  78 ;  total,  313.  Age  of  those  admitted — less  than  15  years 
of  age,  1 ;  15  to  20,  8 ;  20  to  30,  91 ;  30  to  40, 105 ;  40  to  50,  44 ;  50  to  60,  9 ;  60  to  70,  3 ;  unknown, 
52;  total,  313. 


1809.]  CALIFORNIA.  291 

California  Institution  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  the  Blind,  San  Francisco.  WARREN 
WILKINSON,  M.  A.,  Principal.  Number  of  deaf  and  dumb  in  the  institution,  October  1, 1866, 
36 ;  admitted  during  the  year,  20 ;  total  number  under  instruction,  56 ;  number  who  have  left 
during  the  year,  8;  remaining  October  1,  1867,  48.  Number  of  blind  in  the  institution  October 
1,  1866, 19 ;  admitted  during  the  year,  12 ;  whole  number  under  instruction  during  the  year,  31 ; 
number  who  have  left  during  the  year,  9.  Remaining  October  1,  1867,  22.  Total  number  in 
both  departments,  70. 

PRISONS. 

We  have  been  unable  to  obtain  reliable  statistics  from  the  county  jails. 
The  State  Prison  was  opened  in  1851,  when  the  number  of  commitments  was 
35.  This  number  was  increased  wdth  varying  regularity  until  1855,  when 
it  amounted  to  266.  There  was  then  a  decrease  in  the  number  received  for 
four  successive  years,  when  in  1859,  it  amounted  to  220.  In  1860,  it  rose  to 
295,  but  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  it  was  again  diminished,  until  in 
1863  there  were  but  163  admitted;  from  that  time  the  number  has  increased 
in  each  successive  year,  and  in  1867  was  287.  Though  the  capacity  of  the 
State  Prison  has  been  increased  by  the  erection  of  two  additional  prison 
buildings  containing  392  cells,  the  increase  of  prisoners  has  kept  pace  with 
the  increase  of  cells. 

The  Directors  urge  strongly  that  some  provision  be  made  for  the  separa 
tion  of  young  convicts  from  those  hardened  in  crime.  The  demand  for  pris 
on  labor  has  much  increased  during  the  last  two  -years,  but  the  shop  room 
and  facilities  for  the  employment  of  the  prisoners  are  inadequate.  Notwith 
standing  the  large  increase  in  numbers,  the  health  of  the  prisoners  has  been 
exceedingly  good ;  the  average  amount  of  sickness,  and  percentage  of  deaths 
being  less  than  in  the  prisons  in  the  Eastern  States  and  in  Europe. 

State  Prison,  San  Quentin.  CON  MURPHY,  Turnkey.  Whole  number  of  prisoners,  Nov. 
1,  1866,  694;  number  received  during  the  year,  287;  number  discharged,  289.  Whole,  number 
Nov.,  1867,  692 ;  of  whom  66  were  less  than  20  years  of  age  ;  155  from  20  to  25 ;  156  from  25  to 
30 ;  149  from  30  to  35 ;  76  from  35  to  40 ;  71  from  40  to  50 ;  and  19,  50  years  and  upwards. 

Fift y-one  were  sentenced  1  year ;  100,  2  years ;  132,  3  years ;  56.  4  years ;  93,  5  years ;  55,  from 
5  to  7  years ;  109,  from  7  to  10  years ;  54,  from  10  to  15  years ;  2,  from  15  to  20  years ;  18,  20  years 
and  upwards ;  and  22  for  life. 

The  crimes  for  which  the  prisoners  were  sentenced  were— murder,  12 :  murder,  second  degree. 
77;  manslaughter,  50 ;  assault  to  murder,  16;  assault  with  deadly  weapon,  13;  rape.  9;  assault 
to  rape,  12;  robbery,  65:  assault  to  rob,  7;  burglary,  114;  arson,  5:  arson,  second  degree.  5; 
forgery,  9;  perjury,  3;  breaking  jail,  3;  felony,  14;  grand  larceny,  252;  housebreaking,  13; 
incest.  3;  miscellaneous,  10.  Total,  692. 

Five  hundred  and  sixty-four  were  serving  their  1st  term ;  89,  their  second  term ;  24  their  third 
term ;  13,  their  fourth  term ;  1  the  fifth  term ;  and  1  the  sixth  term. 

Number  that  could  read,  483;  read  and  write,  436;  that  could  do  neither,  209.  Number  of 
native  Californians,  74 ;  natives  of  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  243 ;  foreign  birth,  375. 
Per  cent,  who  could  not  read,— native  Californians,  75 ;  natives  of  the  United  States,  12 ;  for 
eign  born,  33. 

Total  expenditures  of  prison  for  two  years,  $227,686.12 ;  earnings,  $79,628.79 ;  deficiency, 
$168,057.33.  Of  the  expenditures,  $84.638.64  was  for  redemption  of  scrip ;  $124,124.50  for  com 
missary  supplies,  $5,673,  for  salaries ;  the  remainder,  miscellaneous. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  rapidly  increased  after  the  opening  of  the  gold  mines  in 
1848.  Since  the  discovery  of  mineral  treasure  in  the  states  and  territories 


292  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

east  of  California,  emigration  to  these  states  has  taken  place,  to  a  consider 
able  extent,  but  the  immigration  from  the  Eastern  States,  from  Europe,  Asia, 
and  the  Hawaiian  Islands  has  continued  to  add  largely  to  the  population 
which  at  different  periods  was  as  follows : 

1850 92,597     1860 397,994     1866 470,597 

California  has  an  area  of  188,986  square  miles,  or  120,947,840  acres,  of 
which  not  less  than  89,000,000  including  swamp  lands  capable  of  reclama 
tion,  are  suited  to  some  kind  of  profitable  husbandry.  It  is  supposed  that 
at  least  40,000,000  acres  are  fit  for  the  plough,  and  the  remainder  is  adapted 
to  stock  raising,  fruit  growing  and  other  branches  of  agriculture. 

The  soil  and  climate  of  California  are  eminently  adapted  to  the  growth 
of  cereals,  fruits  and  vegetables.  The  hardier  fruits  succeed  well  in  all  parts 
of  the  state,  and  along  the  southern  coast,  oranges,  lemons,  figs,  pineapples, 
and  other  tropical  fruits  are  raised.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  indigo,  are  also 
produced  in  this  portion.  The  yield  of  wheat  in  1860  was  over  5,000,000 
of  bushels;  in  1866,  it  was  14,080,752  bushels,  of  which  about  4,000,000  were 
used  for  home  consumption,  leaving  8,000,000  for  export.  Fruit  trees  grow 
rapidly,  bear  early,  regularly,  abundantly,  and  produce  fruit  of  large  size 
and  superior  quality.  The  soil  and  climate  appear  to  be  well  adapted  to 
grape  culture,  and  the  manufacture  of  wine.  Three  hundred  varieties  of 
grapes  have  already  been  cultivated,  among  which  are  the  choicest  wine 
producing  grapes  of  Europe.  It  is  estimated  that  thirty  millions  of  vines 
are  already  set  and  will  be  in  full  bearing  in  three  years.  The  vineyards 
seldom  yield  less  than  1,000  Ibs.  of  grapes  per  acre,  and  in  some  places  the 
product  is  20,000  Ibs.  per  acre.  The  climate  of  California  is  favorable  to 
stock  raising,  and  in  many  parts  this  is  the  leading  branch  of  husbandry. 
Horses,  mules,  oxen,  beef  cattle,  cows,  and  sheep  are  extensively  raised. 
Sheep  husbandry  is  rapidly  becoming  an  important  interest.  The  slopes  of 
the  Coast  Range  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  afford  abundance  of  excellent  pas 
ture  throughout  the  year.  Another  branch  of  industry  progressing  with 
satisfactory  results  is  the  cultivation  of  the  mulberry  and  silk  worm.  The 
general  absence  of  rain  from  May  to  November,  and  of  explosive  electricity, 
is  said  to  be  a  climatic  condition  highly  favorable  to  the  raising  of  the  silk 
worm.  Cocoons  raised  in  this  State  and  sent  to  France  for  examination 
have  been  pronounced  of  superior  excellence,  and,  on  measurement,  found 
to  exceed  the  European  by  from  50  to  100  yards  of  silk.  As  both  the  mul 
berry  and  the  silk  worm  are  so  thrifty,  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  silk 
culture  will  succeed,  and  that  it  will  become  an*  important  interest  in  the 
state.  Four  millions  of  cocoons  were  brought  into  market  in  1866.  Two 
large  silk  factories  have  been  established  in  the  State,  and  silk  of  very  excel- 
ent  quality  is  being  manufactured.  California  has  an  abundance  of  timber 
of  the  finest  varieties.  The  northern  part  of  the  coast  is  well  covered  with 
spruce,  pine,  and  redwood,  and  the  valleys  with  oak.  The  most  remarkable 
tree  in  California,  and  the  largest  in  the  world  is  the  Sequoia  gigantea,  or 
mammoth  tree,  growing  with  a  clear  straight  stem,  sometimes  to  the  height 
of  400  feet,  with  a  diameter  from  30  to  40  feet  in  the  largest  specimens.  It 


1869.]  CALIFORNIA.  293 

is  found  only  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  in  Southern  Cali 
fornia.  Fifteen  or  twenty  groves  are  now  known.  By  an  act  of  Congress 
the  land  containing  the  "  Big  Tree  Grove,"  in  Mariposa  county,  embracing 
an  area  of  2,589  acres,  has  been  ceded  to  the  State,  to  be  held  for  all  time 
as  a  place  of  public  resort  and  recreation.  The  same  act  also  granted  to  the 
State,  the  Yosemite  valley,  embracing  36,111  acres,  celebrated  as  one  of  the 
curiosities  of  the  globe. 

The  manufacturing  industry  of  the  State  has  rapidly  increased.  The  num 
ber  of  establishments  in  1860  was  8,468,  with  a  capital  of  $22,051,096,  using 
raw  material  valued  at  $27,051,674,  the  cost  of  labor  being  $28,402,287,  and 
the  product  of  the  year's  operations  was  valued  at  $68,253,228,  leaving  a 
profit  of  $12,799,267,  or  fifty-eight  per  cent,  on  the  capital  invested.  The 
returns  received  from  County  Assessors,  by  the  Surveyor  General,  and  pub 
lished  in  his  report  for  1867,  show  that  the  advance  in  this  branch  of  indus 
try  has  been  no  less  remarkable  than  the  agricultural  development. 

The  great  and  distinguishing  feature  of  California,  is,  however,  its  mineral 
wealth.  The  first  discoveries  of  gold  were  made  in  1848,  when  the  amount 
taken  from  the  mines  was  $10,000,000,  increasing  to  $40,000,000  in  1849, 
and  upwards  of  $65,000,000  in  1853,  which  was  the  largest  product  of 
any  year. 

The  value  of  the  products  of  a  few  of  the  leading  staples  of  the  state  in  I860,  was  as  follows : 

14.080,752  bushels  wheat, $14,080,752  5,229,826  pounds  wool, $836,772 

11,605,922  bushels  barley, 4,722,615  1,791,633  gallons  wine, 716,653 

1,864,379  bushels  oats 932,189  1,983,068  bushels  potatoes, 1,195,841 

358,584  tons  hay, 2,868,672  181,850  bushels  peanuts, 545,550 

4,449,835  pounds  butter, 1,334,950  242,213  bushels  beans, 363,319 

2,110,058  pounds  cheese, 316,508 

Total  value $27,913,821 

The  amount  of  land  enclosed,  was  4,207,131  acres ;  cultivated,  1,774,327  acres. 

The  number  of  horses  was  109,907;  mules,  21,310;  cattle,  436,363;  sheep,  1,346,749;  Cashmere 
and  Angora  goats,  2,753;  hogs,  332,049;  hives  of  bees,  27,204. 

Trade  and  Commerce  of  San  Francisco,  for  the  first  six  months  of  1868: 

Imports  from  foreign  countries,  $8,000,000  gold ;  from  the  Atlantic  states,  $22,457,000,  cur 
rency  ;  an  increase  of  $8,000,000  over  the  same  period  last  year.  The  exports  were— merchan 
dise,  $11,000,000 ;  coin,  $20,000,000;  total,  $31,000,000  gold.  The  duties  on  imports  amounted 
to  $4,028,522,  and  the  receipts  of  internal  revenue  ,  $3,000,000. 

During  these  six  months  1,550  vessels  arrived,  bringing  500,000  tons  of  freight.  The  arrivals 
of  passengers  by  sea,  were  32,186;  departures,  11,367;  net  gain,  20.819. 

Of  the  $5,448,000  of  merchandise  shipped  the  first  quarter  of  1868,  $4,316,000  was  for  some  50 
articles  of  California  produce,  the  principal  items  of  which  were  as  follows:  wheat,  $2.452,000; 
flour,  $836,000;  barley,  $37,000;  beans,  $13,000;  potatoes,  $9.000;  borax,  $10,000;  quicksilver, 
$387,000;  ores,  $78,000;  hides  and  skins,  $116,000;  wool,  $186,000;  leather,  $41.000;  wine, 
$42,000;  brandy,  $9,000;  and  bread,  $12,000.  The  gold  deposits  at  the  San  Francisco  Branch 
Mint  during  the  first  three  months  of  1868,  amounted  to  60,000  ounces  and  the  coinage  to 
$1,312,000. 

The  total  exports  of  treasure  for  the  first  quarter  of  the  past  three  years  have  been  as  follows : 
1866,  $9,532,544.  1867,  $9,825,304.  1868.  $10,C40,415. 

The  exports  of  merchandise  for  1867  were  $22,465,903;  and  of  treasure,  $41,676.722.16. 

About  $6,000,000  was  shipped  east  by  the  United  States  sub-treasurer,  making  the  total, 
$47,676,292,  and  the  aggregate  of  treasure  and  merchandise,  $70,142,195.  The  total  amount  of 
treasure  exported  from  1849  to  1868,  was  $826,873,738.21. 


294  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

4.    CONNECTICUT. 

Capitals,  Hartford  and  New  Haven.    Area,  4,674  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  460,147. 

THIS  State  includes  the  original  colonies  of  Connecticut  and  New  Haven. 
The  Connecticut  colony  was  settled  in  1633,  at  Windsor,  and  in  1635,  at 
Hartford  and  Wethersfield,  by  persons  from  Massachusetts ;  and  the  New 
Haven  colony  in  1638,  by  a  company  from  England.  Separate  governments 
were  maintained  until  the  colonies  were  united  by  the  charter  of  Charles  II, 
in  1662.  The  two  capitals  have  been  continued,  the  legislature  meeting 
alternately  in  each ;  it  meets  in  Hartford  in  1869. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JAMES  E.  ENGLISH New  Haven $2,000 

Meutenant  Governor EPHKAIM  H.  HYDE Stafford 500 

Secretary  of  State LEVERETT  E.  PEASE Somers 1,000 

Treasurer EDWARD  S.  MOSELY Hampton 1,500 

Comptroller JESSE  OLNEY Stratford 1,000 

Commissioner  of  School  Fund GEORGE  A.  PAYNE Woodstock 2,000  and  ex. 

Secretary  of  Board  of  Education BIUDSE Y  G.  NORTHROP New  Haven 3,000        ' ' 

State  Librarian CHARLES  J.  HOADLY Hartford 1,600 

Executive  Secretary R.  W.  WRIGHT New  Haven 1.600 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  and 
Comptroller,  are  chosen  by  the  legal  voters  of  the  State  on  the  first  Monday  in 
April,  annually,  and  hold  office  from  the  first  Wednesday  in  May.  By  the 
Constitution,  the  Senate  must  consist  of  not  less  than  18,  nor  more  than  24 
members,  to  be  chosen  by  districts ;  the  present  number  of  districts  is  21. 
The  House  of  Representatives  consists  of  237  members,  2  for  each  town  in 
corporated  prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  State  Constitution  of  1818,  and  one 
for  each  town  incorporated  since.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  are 
elected,  annually,  at  the  same  time  as  the  Governor.  The  Commissioner  of 
the  School  Fund,  and  the  State  Librarian  are  appointed  by  the  legislature. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  is  chosen  by  that  Board. 

Every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  have  attained  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years,  who  shall  have  resided  in  the  State  for  the  term 
of  one  year,  and  in  the  town  where  he  offers  to  vote,  six  months,  and  who 
is  able  to  read  any  article  of  the  Constitution,  is  entitled  to  the  privileges 
of  an  elector,  upon  taking  the  oath  prescribed  by  law. 

CONNECTICUT  NATIONAL  GUARDS. 

Commander-in-  Chief. JAMES  E.  ENGLISH New  Haven. 

Major  General WILLIAM  H.  RUSSELL New  Haven. 

Adjutant  General COLIN  M.  INGERSOLL New  Haven. 

Quartermaster  General WILLIAM  M.  CHARTER Hartford. 

Surgeon  General JAMES  H.  HOYT Stamford. 

Commissary  General WILLIAM  G.  COE Winsted. 

Paymaster  General WILLIAM  S.  CHARNLEY New  Haven. 

Brigadier  General.  1st  Brigade CHARLES  H.  PRENTICE Hartford. 

Brigadier  General,  %nd  Brigade —  STEPHEN  W.  KELLOGG Waterbury. 

The  military  consists  of  4  companies  of  Governor's  Guards,  and  of  the  1st  division  of  state 
militia  in  which  are  2  brigades  with  4  regiments  each,  a  part  of  which  are  unorganized,  and  5 
batteries  of  light  artillery. 


CONNECTICUT.  295 

JUDICIARY. 

By  act  of  1867,  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors  is  to  consist  of  one  Chief 
Judge  and  three  Associate  Judges,  who  shall  also  be  judges  of  the  Superior 
Court. 

Reversal  of  any  judgment  or  new  trial  must  be  with  the  concurrence  of  a 
majority  of  the  judges,  but  in  reserved  cases  where  no  verdict  has  been  ren 
dered,  if  the  judges  are  equally  divided,  the  same  may  be  determined  by 
the  casting  vote  of  the  chief  justice.  Parties  in  all  cases,  have  a  right  to 
be  heard  in  full  court,  and  if  one  of  the  judges  is  absent,  the  Chief  Justice,  or, 
in  his  absence,  the  senior  Judge  present,  shall  summon  one  or  more  of  the 
judges  of  the  Superior  Court  to  constitute  a  full  court.  The  Supreme 
Court  of  Errors  has  final  and  conclusive  jurisdiction  of  all  matters  brought 
by  way  of  error  or  complaint  from  the  judgment  or  decrees  of  any  Superior 
Court  in  matters  of  law  or  equity,  wherein  the  rules  of  law  or  the  principles 
of  equity  appear,  from  the  file,  records  or  exhibits  of  said  court,  to  have 
been  mistakenly  or  erroneously  adjudged  or  determined. 

The  Superior  Court  consists  of  six  judges,  exclusive  of  those  who  are 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court;  it  has  cognizance  of  all  causes,  civil  and  crim 
inal,  which  are  brought  before  it  by  suit,  appeal,  writ  of  error,  scire  facias, 
complaint,  petition,  or  otherwise,  according  to  law,  and  may  try  the  same 
by  jury  or  otherwise,  as  the  law  may  require,  and  proceed  therein  to  judg 
ment  and  execution,  but  in  all  criminal  trials,  punishable  by  death,  the  court 
must  consist  of  at  least  two  judges,  one  of  whom  must  be  a  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court. 

The  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors  and  of  the  Superior  Court 
are  appointed  by  concurrent  vote  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa 
tives,  arid  hold  office  for  the  term  of  eight  years,  but  are  disqualified  by  the 
constitution  when  seventy  years  of  age. 

The  Superior  Court  appoints  its  clerks,  who  -are  also  clerks  of  the  Supreme 
Court. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  Nelson.  Distinct  Judge,  William  D.  Shipman.  District  Attorney,  Hi 
ram  Wiley.  Marshal,  John  Gould.  Deputy  Marshals,  P.  F.  Barnum,  F.  M.  Lovejoy,  W.  Rus 
sell,  N.  B.  Payne.  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  Alfred  Blackman.  Cleric  of  District  Court,  Loren 
P.  Waldo. 

SUPREME  COURT  OF  ERRORS. 

Chief  Justice,  Joel  Hinman,  New  Haven. 

Associate  Justices,  Thomas  B.  Butler,  Norwalk ;  John  D.  Park,  Norwich ;  Charles  J.  McCurdy, 
Lyme ;  Elisha  Carpenter,  Wethersfield.  Clerks  of  Courts,  Chauncey  Howard,  Hartford ;  Arthur 
D.  Osborne,  New  Haven;  Wm.  L.  Brewer,  Norwich;  Elisha  S.  Abernethy,  Bridgeport;  Uriel 
Fuller,  Brooklyn ;  Wm.  L.  Ransom,  Litchfleld ;  Chas.  G.  A.  Vinal,  Middletown ;  Joseph  Bishop, 
Tolland.  Reporter,  John  Hooker,  Hartford. 

SUPERIOR  COURT. 

Judges,  Dwight  W.  Pardee,  Hartford ;  James  S.  Phelps,  Essex ;  Dwight  Loonfis,  Rockville ; 
Edward  I.  Sanford,  New  Haven ;  William  T.  Minor,  Stamford ;  Miles  T.  Granger,  North  Canaan. 

STATE'S  ATTORNEYS. 

Hartford  County,  William  Hamersley,  Hartford;  New  Haven  County,  Eleazer  K.  Foster, 
New  Haven ;  New  London  County,  Daniel  Chadwick,  Lyme ;  Fairfield  County,  Nelson  L.  White, 


290  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Danbury ;  Windham  County,  Edward  L.  Cundall,  West  Killingly  ;  Litchfield  County,  Charles  F. 
Sedgwick,  Sharon ;  Middlesex  County,  William  T.Elmer, Middletown;  Tottand  County, D wight 
Marcy,  Tolland. 

TERMS  OP  SUPREME  COURT. 

The  State  is  divided  into  four  Judicial  Districts  corresponding  to  the  Congressional  Districts, 
and  two  terms  are  held  in  each  district,  annually,  as  follows : 

1st  District,  consisting  of  Hartford  and  Tolland  Counties,  4th  Tuesday  in  February,  1st  Tues 
day  in  September ;  Zd  District,  consisting  of  New  Haven  and  Middlesex  Counties,  2d  Tuesday 
in  February,  4th  Tuesday  in  September ;  M  District,  consisting  of  New  London  and  Windham 
Counties,  2d  Tuesday  in  March,  4th  Tuesday  in  October ;  and  in  the  4th  District,  consisting 
of  Fairfield  and  Litchfield  Counties,  one  term  is  held  annually  at  Litchfield,  in  the  county  of 
Litchfield,  on  the  2d  Tuesday  of  August,  and  two  terms  at  Bridgeport,  in  Fairfield  County,  on 
1st  Tuesday  in  February,  and  2d  Tuesday  in  October. 

TERMS  OF  SUPERIOR  COURT. 

Hartford  County,  Hartford,  2d  Tuesday  of  March,  3d  Tuesday  of  July,  4th  Tuesday  of  Sep 
tember,  3d  Tuesday  of  December.  New  Haven  County,  New  Haven,  1st  Tuesday  of  March,  2d 
Tuesday  of  May,  1st  Tuesday  of  September,  2d  Tuesday  of  October,  3d  Tuesday  of  December. 
New  London  County,  New  London,  3d  Tuesday  of  January,  last  Tuesday  of  March,  2d  Tuesday 
of  September ;  Norwich,  3d  Tuesday  of  November.  Fairfteld  County,  Bridgeport,  1st  Tuesday 
of  March,  3d  Tuesday  of  December ;  Danbury,  2d  Tuesday  of  August,  3d  Tuesday  of  October. 
Windham  County,  Brooklyn,  1st  Tuesday  of  January,  3d  Tuesday  of  April,  4th  Tuesday  of  Aug 
ust,  1st  Tuesday  of  November.  Litchfield  County,  Litchfield,  4th  Tuesday  of  January,  2d  Tues 
day  of  April,  2d  Tuesday  of  September,  1st  Tuesday  of  November.  Middlesex  County,  Middle- 
town,  1st  Tuesday  of  February,  1st  Tuesday  of  December ;  Haddam,  2d  Tuesday  of  April,  1st 
Tuesday  of  September.  Tottand  County,  Tolland,  3d  Tuesday  of  April,  2d  Tuesday  of  Septem 
ber,  1st  Tuesday  of  December. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  all  accounts,  April  1,  1867,  $499,115.09 
Receipts  from  all  sources  during  the  year,  -  2,711,236.17 

Total,      -  ...        $3,210,351.26 

Deduct  payments  for  all  purposes,          ....    2,496,895.32 

Balance  April  1,  1868,  ....  $713,455.94 

RECEIPTS  FOR  CIVIL  LIST  ACCOUNT  FOR  TEAR  ENDING  MARCH  31,  1868. 

By  Balance  in  Treasury  March  31, 1807 $400,483.10 

From  Forfeited  Bonds 9,950.26 

Avails  of  Courts 1 .525.33 

Tax  on  Auction  Sales 1,171.92 

Tax  from  agents  of  Foreign  Insurance  Companies 10,147.46 

"        "    Savings  Banks 208,304.68 

"        "    Railroad  Corporations £07,938.36 

"        "    Mutual  Insurance  Companies 04,466.22 

"    Express  Companies 4,000.00 

"       ."    Non-Resident  Stockholders 39,478.15 

"    on  Capital  Stocks ; 402.00 

"    from  Towns • 953,866.91 

Cash  for  Licenses  to  Insurance  agents 2,400.00 

From  Cash  from  miscellaneous  sources $37,734.40 

By  License  to  salesmen 14,000.00 

By  cash  of  Wm.  A.  Buckingham  in  settlement  of  accounts 3,000.00 

$1,958,868.79 

EXPENDITURES. 

The  current  expenses  for  the  year  ending  March  31, 1868,  were  as  follows: 

Debenture  and  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  General  Assembly $86,275.85 

Account  of  Salaries 39,907.05 


1869.]  CONNECTICUT.  297 

Contingent  Expenses,  including  grants 103,285.59 

Judicial  expenses,  including  grants 144,396.07 

Expense  of  supporting  state  paupers 300.00 

Expense  of  Board  of  Education 7,916.57 

Salary  of  Directors  of  Connecticut  State  Prison 300.00 

Account  of  Public  Buildings  and  Institutions 203,104.54 

Printing,  Stationery,  &c.,  for  General  Assembly 16,791.57 

Expense  of  soldiers1  children 77,197.33 

Advances  made  to  the  Quartermaster  General 15,000.00 

Advances  made  to  the  Paymaster  General 75,000.00 

Advances  made  to  the  Adjutant  General 9,995.90 

Cash  paid  for  Interest  on  State  Bonds 517,963.00 

Amount  of  State  Bonds  burned  by  order  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1867 123,000.00 

Miscellaneous 1,767.16 

Balance  in  Treasury  April  1, 1868 536,668.16 

$1,958,868.79 

STATE  DEBT. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year,  the  funded  debt  of  the 

state  amounted  to,  $9,705,400.00 

Less  this  amount  to  credit  of  Sinking  Fund  Bonds  burned  by 

order  of  the  General  Assembly,        -  ...      1,284,307.35 


Balance,        -  -  $8,421,092.65 

Deduct  bank  stock  at  market  value,     -  -        $383,500.00 

Cash  on  hand  April  1,  1868,  -  -  -   713,455.94—1,096,955.94 


Leaving  the  liabilities  of  the  state  over  and  above  assets,  $7,324,136.71 

EDUCATION. 

There  are  three  colleges  in  the  state.  Yale  College  at  New  Haven,  (Con 
gregational)  ;  Trinity  College  at  Hartford,  (Episcopal) ;  and  Wesleyan  Uni 
versity  at  Middletown,  (Methodist). 

Yale  College  has  connected  with  it  a  Theological  Seminary,  a  Law  school, 
a  Medical  school,  and  the  Sheffield  Scientific  school.  The  latter  institution 
has  received  from  Joseph  E.  Sheffield,  Esq.,  donations  amounting  in  all  to 
more  than  $160,000,  and  is  amply  provided  with  all  the  requisites  for  giving 
thorough  instruction  in  the  various  departments  of  mathematical,  physical 
and  natural  science.  By  an  act  of  the  Legislature  it  has  been  constituted 
the  Connecticut  college  for  the  promotion  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  and  has  received  the  benefit  of  the  land  appropriation  bestowed  by 
Congress  for  this  purpose. 

The  Yale  School  of  Fine  Arts  was  established  by  the  liberality  of  the  late 
Augustus  R  Street,  Esq.,  of  New  Haven.  An  art  building  has  been  erected 
for  the  exhibition  of  works  of  art  and  instruction  of  classes  in  the  various 
arts  of  design. 

The  other  professional  schools  are,  The  Theological  Institute  of  Connec 
ticut,  also  Congregational,  which  has  been  removed  from  East  "Windsor  to 
Hartford,  and  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  (Episcopal)  at  Middletown.  (See 
table  of  professional  schools).  The  Episcopal  Academy  at  Cheshire,  and  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institute,  Suffield,  are  prosperous  institutions,  supported 
in  part  by  denominational  aid. 


298  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

There  are  about  25  incorporated  academies  in  successful  operation.  Seven 
of  the  cities  and  many  of  the  larger  villages  support  public  High  Schools. 

The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor,  ez-ojficio,  and  one  person  appoint 
ed  by  the  legislature  for  four  years  from  each  of  the  four  Congressional  dis 
tricts,  constitute  the  State  Board  of  Education,  which  has  the  general  over 
sight  and  control  of  the  educational  interests  of  the  State.  This  Board  ap 
points  its  own  Secretary,  who,  under  its  direction,  exercises  a  general  super 
vision  over  the  common  schools ;  collects  information  from  school  visitors, 
and  submits  an  annual  report  to  the  General  Assembly. 

There  are  in  the  State  8  cities  and  163  towns,  which  are  divided  for  school 
purposes  into  1,620  districts.  The  districts  elect  by  ballot  their  own  com 
mittees,  clerk,  treasurer,  and  collector. 

Every  common  school,  to  be  entitled  to  the  distribution  from  school  funds, 
must  be  kept  at  least  six  months  in  each  year  by  a  certificated  teacher.  The 
Common  Schools  were  made  free  by  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  1868. 

The  State  Normal  School  at  New  Britain,  was  established  by  the  General 
Assembly  in  1849,  and  opened  in  May,  1830.  It  was  under  the  charge  of  a 
Board  of  eight  Trustees,  one  from  each  county,  until  July,  1865,  when  it  was 
transferred  to  the  supervision  of  the  State  Board  of  Education.  During  the 
fifteen  years  it  was  under  the  care  of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  there  were  2,248  re 
ceived,  nearly  all  of  whom  have  taught  in  common  schools  since  leaving  the 
Normal  School.  In  the  summer  of  1865,  there  were  86  in  the  Normal  depart 
ment,  and  more  than  300  in  the  Model  department.  It  was  continued  under 
the  charge  of  the  Board  of  Education  until  1867,  when,  on  account  of  the 
withdrawal  of  the  appropriation  by  the  legislature,  it  was  suspended. 

Teachers'  Institutes  are  held  in  the  different  counties,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  a  sum  not  exceeding  $3,000 
per  annum  may  be  drawn  from  the  State  Treasury  to  defray  expenses. 

School  Statistics.  The  whole  number  of  children  in  the  state  January  1,  1868,  between 
the  ages  of  4  and  16,  was  123,650;  average  number  in  each  district,  78;  number  of  common 
schools,  1,645;  number  of  departments  in  public  schools,  2,066;  average  length  of  winter  schools 
in  weeks,  16.9 ;  average  length  of  summer  schools  in  weeks,  16 ;  number  of  scholars  registered 
in  winter,  80,148 ;  in  summer,  73,865 ;  per  centage  of  those  enumerated  registered  in  winter, 
66;  average  attendance  in  winter,  57,117;  in  summer,  52,299;  per  centage  of  attendance  in  win 
ter  as  compared  with  number  registered  in  winter,  71.3;  compared  with  number  enumerated, 
47.2 ;  number  of  scholars  over  16  years  of  age  in  public  schools,  2,181 ;  number  of  male  teachers 
in  winter,  617;  in  summer,  139;  number  of  female  teachers  in  winter,  1,560  :  in  summer,  2,023; 
number  of  teachers  of  the  same  school  two  or  more  successive  terms,  1,218;  number  who  have 
never  taught  before,  637 ;  number  reported  as  graduates  of  a  Normal  School,  123 ;  average  wages 
per  month  of  male  teachers  including  board,  $52.05 ;  increase  over  previous  year,  $6.84 ;  average 
wages  per  month  of  female  teachers  including  board,  $24.91 ;  increase  over  previous  year,  $1.77 ; 
number  of  new  school  houses  erected  in  the  year,  43 ;  number  of  school  houses  reported  "good," 
978;  number  reported  "fair,"  368;  number  reported  "bad, "291. 

Amount  of  State  School  Fund,  $2,044,035.47;  Town  Deposit  Fund,  $763,661.83;  Revenue 
of  State  School  Fund,  distributed  February  28,  1868,  $136,015.00;  Revenue  of  Town  Deposit 
Fund,  $44,979.34;  Town  Tax  for  Common  Schools,  $149,681.00;  District  Tax,  $466,931.90;  Tui 
tion,  $89,260.00;  Raised  from  other  sources,  $99,981.66;  Aggregate  amount  from  all  sources, 
$983,806.32;  Amount  expended— Teachers'  wages,  $557,193.22  ;  Fuel  and  incidentals,  $64,606.19; 
New  buildings,  $196,453.28;  Repairs,  $49,471.84;  Libraries  and  school  apparatus,  $2,802.93; 
Other  objects,  $92,200.75;  Total  amount  expended  for  schools,  $962,723.21. 


1869.]  CONNECTICUT.  299 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  American  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Hartford,  is  the  oldest 
institution  of  the  kind  in  the  country.  It  was  incorporated  in  1816,  and 
opened  on  the  15th  of  April,  1817,  with  7  pupils.  This  number  was  in 
creased  during  the  year  to  41,  representing  ten  different  states.  The  institu 
tion  in  1819,  received  an  endowment  from  the  National  Congress  of  23,000 
acres  of  land.  Liberal  terms  were  made  for  receiving  pupils  from  other 
states,  and  the  Legislatures  of  several  states  made  appropriations  to  support 
their  indigent  deaf  mutes  at  this  asylum. 

In  the  earlier  periods  of  instruction  much  use  was  made  of  the  system  of 
methodical  signs  so  carefully  elaborated  by  Dr.  1'Epee  and  Sicard,  in  which 
each  word  had  a  definite  and  fixed  sign,  and  could  be  given  in  the  proper 
order  in  the  sentence.  These  signs  were  greatly  simplified  and  improved 
by  Mr.  Gallaudet  and  his  early  associates.  His  successors  continued  to  in 
troduce  such  modifications  and  improvements  as  the  experience  of  intelli 
gent  teachers  suggested.  The  methods  now  pursued  have  the  same  general 
end  in  view  as  at  first,  that  is  to  enable  the  pupils  to  hold  communication 
with  society  by  means  of  written  language,  but  they  secure  this  result  earlier 
and  more  satisfactorily  by  leading  the  pupil  sooner  to  use  forms  of  connected 
language.  Special  attention  has  been  given  from  the  first  to  the  religious 
and  moral  culture  of  the  pupils. 

The  Retreat  for  the  Insane  was  incorporated  in  1822  when  it  received  a 
grant  of  $5,000  from  the  state,  and  about  $18,000  from  donations  of  private 
individuals.  Additional  grants,  amounting  in  all  to  $19,000,  have  been  made 
by  the  state  towards  the  erection  of  buildings,  and  in  1842,  $2,000  per  annum 
was  also  appropriated  to  pay  for  the  board  of  indigent  patients.  The  Leg 
islature  in  1866,  incorporated  the  General  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  which 
is  pleasantly  located  at  Middletown  on  the  banks  of  the  Connecticut  river. 
It  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  consisting  of  the  Gov 
ernor  ex-officio,  and  one  person  from  each  county  in  the  state.  An  appropri 
ation  of  $35,000  in  1866,  $150,000  in  1867,  and  $200,000  in  1868,  was  made 
for  land  and  buildings,  and  a  site  was  donated  by  Middletown.  The  build 
ings  which  were  commenced  in  1866,  are  of  Portland  free  stone,  and  to  be 
768  feet  in  length,  with  accommodations  for  at  least  450  patients. 

The  committee  of  inquiry  appointed  in  1865,  by  the  Legislature,  reported 
in  1866,  706  insane  persons  in  the  state,  of  whom  202  were  in  the  retreat  at 
Hartford.  A  portion  of  these  have  been  received  into  the  General  Hospital. 

The  State  Reform  School  at  West  Meriden  was  opened  in  1854.  It  re 
ceives  boys  from  10  to  16  years  of  age  who  have  been  convicted  of  offenses 
known  to  the  laws  of  the  State,  and  punishable  by  imprisonment  other  than 
such  as  may'be  punishable  by  imprisonment  for  life.  Parents  and  guardians 
may  indenture  boys  to  the  school  by  paying  their  expenses  while  there  at 
the  rate  of  $3  per  week.  The  boys  are  instructed  in  the  schoolroom  four 
hours  daily,  and  many  of  them  have  made  very  creditable  proficiency  in 
study.  They  are  also  employed  in  the  work  shops  and  on  the  farm ;  the 
available  resources  from  their  labor  were  greater  in  1867-68  than  ever  before. 


300  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  School  for  Imbeciles  is  pleasantly  located  at  Lakeville,  in  the  town  of 
Salisbury.  It  has  convenient  buildings  and  receives  both  state  and  private 
pupils.  The  state  has  made  an  annual  appropriation  of  $3,000  for  the  indi 
gent  pupils  from  Connecticut. 

There  are  three  Soldiers'  Orphan  Homes  for  the  education  of  children  of 
deceased  soldiers  located  at  Darien,  Cromwell,  and  Mansfield  under  the 
charge  of  voluntary  societies,  but  aided  by  appropriations  from  the  state. 

A  grant  of  $3,000  annually,  is  made  for  the  education  of  the  indigent 
blind  at  the  Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind,  Boston. 

Asylum  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Hartford.  COLLINS  STONE,  Superintendent.  The  whole 
number  in  attendance  during  the  past  year  was  266,  of  which  155  were  males,  and  111  females. 
There  were  supported  by  friends,  21 ;  by  the  state  of  Connecticut,  50 ;  of  Maine,  43 ;  of  Massa 
chusetts,  112 ;  of  New  Hampshire,  14 ;  of  New  Jersey,  3 ;  of  Rhode  Island,  10 ;  of  Vermont, 
13;  whole  number  of  pupils  received  into  the  institution  since  its  organization,  1,741. 

The  expenditures  for  the  year  were,  for  cash  paid  orders  in  favor  of  Steward,  $28,500 ;  for 
salaries,  $20,036.42;  for  insurance,  $363:  for  library,  $100;  for  sundry  expenses,  $1,889.37;  re 
investments,  fund  account,  $53,000 :  balance  to  new  account,  $678.00 ;  total  expenditure,  $104,- 
566.86.  The  receipts  for  the  year  have  been,  by  balance  on  hand,  $80.27;  by  income  from  fund, 
$17,742.17;  by  rent  of  dwellings,  $475.00;  by  paying  pupils,  $3,236.84;  by  receipts  from  the 
six  New  England  States  for  support  of  beneficiaries,  $36,187.50 ;  by  receipts  from  fund  account, 
$46,500;  advanced  to  A.  Blodgett  estate,  repaid.  $345.08:  total  receipts,  $104,566.86. 

Retreat  for  the  Insane,  Hartford.  JOHN  S.  BUTLER,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  The  whole 
number  of  patients  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  was,  117  males,  123  females,  total,  240;  admit 
ted  during  the  year,  72  males,  and  101  females,  making  in  all,  413.  Of  this  number  there  were 
discharged  as  recovered,  72 ;  much  improved,  36 ;  improved,  28 ;  not  improved,  14 ;  died,  17 ; 
total  discharged  through  the  year,  167;  remaining  in  the  Retreat  April  1,  1868,  123  males, 
123  females ;  total,  246 ;  whole  number  admitted  from  1824  to  1868,  4,898 ;  whole  number  dis 
charged  during  that  time,  4,652.  The  present  superintendent  and  physician,  John  S.  Butler, 
M.  D.,  has  had  charge  of  the  institution  since  1843,  and  there  have  been  admitted  under 
his  administration,  3,651.  The  average  cost  of  maintaining  each  patient  for  the  last  year  was 
$5.16  per  week. 

Supposed  cause  of  insanity  of  the  patients  admitted  since  the  opening  of  the  Retreat,— ill 
health  of  various  kinds,  936 ;  intense  mental  and  bodily  exertion,  376 ;  intemperance,  309 ;  grief, 
loss  of  friends,  &c.,  241 ;  religious  excitement,  237  ;  masturbation,  188 ;  domestic  unhappiness, 
182;  puerperal  state,  166;  perplexities  in  business,  121 ;  disappointed  affection,  114;  epilepsy, 
82 ;  paramenia,  48 ;  injuries  of  the  head,  45 ;  turn  of  life,  41 ;  exposure  of  various  kinds,  34 ; 
paralysis,  36 ;  fever,  31 ;  fright,  23 ;  spiritual  manifestations,  23 ;  use  of  tobacco,  22 ;  repelled 
cutaneous  disease,  20 ;  disease  of  brain,  18 ;  millerism,  16 ;  disappointed  ambition,  17 ;  bodily 
injuries.  15;  war  excitement,  14;  use  of  opium,  17;  erroneous  education,  13  ;  miscellaneous  or 
unknown,  1,513. 

Occupations  of  males, — farmers,  475 ;  day  laborers,  140 ;  merchants,  133 ;  clerks,  73 ;  students, 
46;  mechanics,  41 ;  carpenters,  38;  school  boys,  38;  shoemakers,  36 ;  lawyers,  33;  physicians, 
31 ;  teachers,  28 ;  seamen,  26 ;  bookkeepers,  22 ;  painters,  20 ;  blacksmiths,  18 ;  machinists,  18 ; 
clergymen,  15 ;  cabinet-makers,  12 ;  speculators,  12 ;  tailors,  12 ;  weavers,  11 ;  soldiers,  11 ;  iron 
founders,  10 :  miscellaneous  or  unknown,  358.  Occupation  of  females, — domestic  pursuits,  1,419 ; 
domestics,  131 ;  teachers.  94 ;  seamstresses,  68 ;  factory  girls,  48 ;  school  girls,  40 ;  tailoresses, 
22;  milliners,  18;  miscellaneous  or  unknown,  238. 

The  age  at  time  of  admission  from  March  31,  1844,  to  March  31, 1867,— under  15  years  of  age, 
20 ;  from  15  to  20,  218 ;  from  20  to  25, 477 ;  25  to  30,  443 ;  30  to  35,  431 ;  35  to  40,  406 ;  40  to  45,  364 ; 
45  to  50,  273;  50  to  60.412;  60  to  70,  231 ;  70  to  80,  a3;  over  80,  13;  unknown,  27;  total,  3,398. 
Civil  condition  of  those  admitted  for  same  time,— single,  1,720 ;  married,  1,583;  widowed,  337; 
total,  3,648. 

State  Reform  School,  West  Meriden.  E.  W.  HATCH,  M.  D.,  Superintendent  and  Physician. 
This  institution  had  received  up  to  April  1, 1868,  1,270  pupils.  The  number  in  the  institution  at 
the  commencement  of  last  year  were,  264 ;  number  received  during  the  year,  145 ;  number 
discharged,  143 ;  remaining  in  the  school,  April  1,  1868,  266.  Of  these,  145  can  read  in  books 
generally ;  100  can  read  easy  lessons  ;  21  can  scarcely  read  at  all ;  110  study  geography  and  writ 
ten  arithmetic ;  190  mental  arithmetic ;  12  history ;  117  can  write  letters.  The  whole  expendi- 


1869.]  CONNECTICUT.  301 

tures  of  the  institution  last  year  were,— for  salaries,  $9,945.25 ;  for  repairs  and  improvements, 
$3,845.18;  for  land,  $4,000.00;  other  expenditures,  $43,507.03;  total  expenditures,  $65,297.46. 
Receipts,— from  State  Treasury,  $31,317.28;  from  farm,  $1,268.96;  from  chair  shop,  $31,102.61; 
from  boarders,  $546.00;  from  stable,  $300;  from  incidentals,  $784.38. 

Hartford  Hospital,  President,  JAMES  B.  HOSMER  ;  Secretary,  F.  A.  BROWN.  The  receipts 
the  past  year  were,  from  the  state  appropriation,  $2,063.09 ;  from  the  state,  for  soldiers,  $2,465.65 ; 
board  of  patients,  $2,423.56;  articles  sold,  $55:  donations,  $806.25:  from  funds,  $4,009.62  ;  total 
receipts,  $11,823.17.  The  expenditures  were  $12,894.68;  the  average  cost  of  each  patient  was 
$6.12  per  week.  There  were  45  patients  in  the  hospital  at  the  beginning  of  the  year ;  221  admit 
ted  during  the  year,  and  211  discharged,  leaving  55  in  the  hospital  March  1,  1867.  Of  those  dis 
charged,  there  were  recovered,  176 ;  improved,  6 ;  removed,  5 ;  and  24  died  during  the  year. 

Connecticut  School  for  Imbeciles,  Lakeville.  H.  M.  KNIGHT,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  pupils  September  1,  1868,  40.  Source  of  income,  mostly  from  pay  of  private  pupils ; 
appropriation  from  state,  $3,000.  Annual  expense  to  each  pupil,  $250  to  $300. 

STATE  PRISON  AND  JAILS. 

In  the  State  Prison  the  effect  of  the  act  of  the  legislature  allowing  the 
warden  to  deduct  a  certain  percentage  of  time  from  the  sentence  of  convicts 
for  good  behavior  has  been  salutary.  The  concerts  given  during  the  year 
under  the  charge  of  C.  W.  Huntington,  of  Hartford,  and  the  kindness  of 
H.  C.  Dorsey,  of  Pawtucket,  in  donating  $1,666  to  furnish  an  annual  dinner 
are  mentioned  by  the 'directors  as  having  an  important  influence  on  the  pris 
oners  in  promoting  reformation.  The  management  of  the  prison  is  consid 
ered  quite  successful. 

State  Prison,  Wethersfield.  WILLIAM  WILLARD,  Warden.  The  whole  number  of  pris 
oners  in  confinement  March  31,  1867,  was  207;  number  received  during  the  year,  81 ;  number 
discharged  or  removed,  97;  number  remaining  March  31,  1868,  191.  Of  these,  the  number  com 
mitted  for  the  first  offence  was,  174 ;  for  the  second,  13 ;  for  the  third,  2 ;  for  the  fourth,  2. 
There  were — males,  182 ;  females,  9.  As  to  nativities — 131  were  Americans ;  60,  foreigners.  There 
were  under  20  years  of  age,  11 :  from  20  to  30,111 ;  from  30  to  40,  39 ;  from  40  Jo  50, 17 ;  over  50, 
13.  There  were  sentenced  for  one  year  and  under,  4 ;  from  1  to  5  years,  119 ;  from  5  to  10  years. 
39;  10  to  20  years,  10 ;  for  24  years,!;  for  life,  17.  The  expenditures  for  the  prison  were,  for 
expense  account,  $8,916.29;  provisions,  $11,220.13;  clothing  and  bedding,  $1,645.62;  hospital, 
$772.45;  female  department,  $324  60 ;  transportation  of  convicts,  $208.09;  repairs  and  improve 
ments,  $372.81 ;  total  expenditures,  $23.460.05.  Income,— from  shoe  shops,  $10,295.30 ;  from  bur 
nishing  shops,  $6,824.15;  from  rule  shop,  $5,789.46;  from  profit  and  loss,  $650.25;  from  board 
of  United  States  convicts.  $1,495.07;  interest,  $112.15;  total  receipts,  $25,166.38. 
County  Jails.  The  number  of  prisoners  in  the  county  jails  in  the  state  is  as  follows: 
New  Haven,  69;  Hartford,  63;  New  London,  33;  Fairfield,  26;  Winclham,  12;  Litchfield,  12; 
Middlesex,  5;  Tolland,  8;  total,  228.  The  total  number  of  white  men  who  have  been  in  jail  is 
1,249;  of  white  women,  266;  of  black  men,  148;  of  black  women,  40;  total,  1,703.  Of  minors, 
339;  of  natives  of  this  state,  546;  of  natives  of  other  states,  352;  of  foreigners,  795.  Of  those 
committed  during  the  year,  560  were  from  New  Haven  county ;  474  from  Hartford ;  241  from 
New  London  ;  108  from  Fairfield  ;  34  from  Windham  ;  53  from  Litchfield ;  51  from  Middlesex  ; 
and  27  from  Tolland ;  total,  1,548. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

Population  according  to  each  census  since  1790. 

1790 238,141    1810 262,042    1830 297.675    1850 370,792 

1800 251,002    1820 275,202    1840 309,978    1860 460,147 

The  increase  in  population  from  1790  to  1840  was  quite  gradual,  the  aver 
age  for  each  decade  being  less  than  5%  per  cent.  With  the  exception  of 
a  limited  commerce,  the  occupation  of  the  people  was  principally  agricul 
tural.  The  first  railroad  went  into  operation  in  1838,  and  in  five  years,  cars 
were  running  on  five  roads  wholly  or  partially  within  the  state.  Manufac- 


302  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

tures  increased,  and  the  increase  in  population  the  next  decade  was  more 
than  19^  per  cent.,  and  in  the  decade  from  1850  to  1860,  more  than  24  per 
cent.,  or  greater  than  in  any  other  New  England  state. 

The  proportionate  increase  in  the  value  of  property  was  still  greater,  the 
amount  in  1850  being  $155,701,980,  and  in  1860,  $444,274,114— an  increase 
of  185  per  cent,  in  10  years,  being  greater  than  in  either  of  the  other  original 
thirteen  states,  or  in  any  other  state  east  of  Michigan. 

Though  this  state  is  the  smallest  in  area  except  Delaware  and  Rhode 
Island,  and  was  the  twenty-fourth  in  population  in  1860,  it  then  ranked  as 
the  first  in  the  production  of  india  rubber  goods  and  sewing  machines,  the 
fifth  in  the  product  of  cotton  goods  and  woolen  goods  and  in  the  value  of 
book  printing ;  and  the  fourth  in  the  whole  value  of  the  annual  products  of 
industry,  which  amounted  to  $83,000,000.  Since  1860,  there  has  been  a  large 
increase  of  capital  invested  and  of  products  sent  to  market. 

Mines  of  copper  and  silver  were  once  profitably  worked,  but  mining  is  now 
confined  principally  to  the  production  of  iron  from  the  mines  of  Salisbury. 
The  value  of  this  product  in  1860  was  $379,500,  but  the  enhanced  price 
and  greater  demand  has  since  increased  the  production.  Free  stone  and 
granite  in  Middlesex  County,  and  marble  in  Litchfield  County,  are  quarried 
for  building  purposes  and  export. 

Banks.    At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  March  31,  1868,  there  were  in  Connecticut: 

6  State  Banks  with  a  capital  of  (and  a  circulation  of  $43,851.00) '. .  .$1,610,000.00 

5  Banks  organized  as  National  Banks  with  a  capital  of 2,860,000.00 

35  National  Banks,  changed  from  State  Banks  under  law  of  1863,  with  a  capital  of. .  11,172,950.00 
32  National  Banks  changed  from  State  Banks  under  act  of  1864,  with  a  capital  of. . .  10,463,650.00 
Aggregate  Banking  Capital  in  the  state,  of  88  banks 25,994,220.00 

Savings  Banfc s.    There  were  at  the  same  time  54  Saving  Banks,  having  de 
posits  amounting  to 36,283,460.81 

An  increase  over  last  year  of 5,103,070  67 

Market  Value  of  Assets 38,648,891.16 

Excess  over  deposits 2,360,430.35 

Insurance.  There  are  in  the  state,  fourteen  Stock  Fire  Insurance  Companies  with  a  cap 
ital  of  $7,900,000 ;  and  a  surplus  of  $431,310;  two  of  these  companies  have  a  department,  of 
Marine  Insurance,  and  tvo  of  Inland  Transportation.  There  are  fifteen  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
Companies,  eleven  of  which  report  a  cash  capital  of  $4,262,745.97. 

Six  Life  Insurance  companies  have  $21,322,367  of  Assets,  with  $196,125,944  insured ;  three 
Accident  companies  have  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,200,000,  and  two  Live  Stock  companies  have 
a  capital  of  $500,000  each,  or  an  aggregate  of  $1,000,000. 

There  were  in  1866,  forty-eight  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Companies  from  other  states  doing 
business  in  Connecticut.  With  a  capital  of  $23,000,000,  their  receipts  including  interest  on 
invested  capital  were  $20,000,000  and  the  payments  for  losses  $15,000,000. 

There  were  twenty-one  Life  Insurance  companies  from  other  states  doing  business  in  this 
state,  which  had  insured  to  the  amount  of  $479,815,315,  and  have  assets  of  $55,522,346. 

Railroads.    There  are  14  Railroads  in  the  state  having  a  capital  of. $24,807,348.00 

Of  which  there  has  been  paid  in 19,881,971.71 

The  whole  length  of  the  roads  is 872  1-6  miles. 

Of  which  there  are  within  the  state 618  miles. 

Cost  of  Roads  and  Equipments 28,484,324.85 

Cost  of  working  the  roads 5,420,976.24 

Total  income  of  the  Railroads 8,026,939.05 

Net  Earnings 2,162,775.30 

Passenger  and  other  train:-  have  run  in  all 3,029,666^  miles. 

Carrying 5,600,765  passengers. 


1869.]  DELAWARE.  303 

5.    DELAWARE. 

Capital,  Dover.  Area,  2,120  square  miles.  Pojnilation,  (1860),  112,216. 
This  state  was  settled  by  the  Swedes  and  Finns  at  Wilmington,  in  1627 ; 
was  subjected  by  the  Dutch  of  New  York  in  1655,  but  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  English  in  1664.  It  was  included  in  the  grant  to  William  Penn  in 
1662,  remained  a  part  of  Pennsylvania  until  1703,  and  was  afterwards  under 
the  same  government  until  the  adoption  of  a  state  constitution,  September 
20,  1776.  It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  states,  and  ratified  the  United 
States  constitution,  December  7,  1787. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor GOVE  SAULSBURY Dover $2,000 

Secretary  of  State CUSTIS  W.  WRIGHT Georgetown  . .       500  and  fees. 

State  Treasurer WILLIAM  J.  CLARKE Dover COO 

Auditor EGBERT  LAJIBDEN Laurel COO 

Attorney  General, JACOB  MOORE Georgetown...       500  and  fees. 

Adjutant  General EDWARD  D.  PORTER Newark Honorary. 

The  governor  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  four  years.  The  Sec 
retary  of  State  is  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  serves  an  equal  term  with 
him.  The  State  Treasurer  and  Auditor  are  elected  by  the  legislature  for 
two  years.  The  Attorney  General  is  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  holds 
office  five  years.  The  Senate  consists  of  9,  and  the  House  of  21  members, 
elected  for  two  years. 

The  legislature  meets  biennially.  The  pay  of  members  is  $3  a  day  and 
mileage.  The  speaker  of  each  house  receives  $4  a  day  and  mileage. 

The  elective  franchise  is  given  to  every  free  white  male  citizen  of  the 
age  of  twenty-two  years,  who  has  resided  one  year  in  the  state  and  the  last 
month  thereof  in  the  county,  and  who  has  within  two  years  paid  a  county 
tax  assessed  at  least  six  months  before  the  election ;  every  free  wrhite  male 
citizen  over  twenty-one  and  under  twenty-  two  may  vote  without  paying  any 
tax.  Idiots,  insane  persons,  paupers,  and  felons  are  excluded  from  voting, 
and  the  legislature  may  impose  forfeiture  of  the  right  of  suffrage  as  pun 
ishment  for  crime. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  State  is  vested  in  a  Court  of  Errors  and  Ap 
peals,  Superior  Court,  Court  of  Chancery,  Orphans'  Court,  Court  of  Oyer  and 
Terminer,  Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  and  Jail  Delivery,  Regis 
ter's  Court,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

The  courts  above  named  are  composed  of  five  judges,  namely :  a  Chan 
cellor  of  the  State,  who  is  President  of  the  Orphans'  Courts  of  the  respec 
tive  counties,  and  four  Judges — a  Chief  Justice  and  three  Associate  Judges — 
who  compose  the  Superior  Court,  Court  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  and  the 
Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  and  Jail  Delivery.  The  Register  of 
Wills  is  the  presiding  officer  of  the  Register's  Court  for  his  county.  The 
Chancellor  holds  the  Court  of  Chancery  in  each  county  of  the  state. 


304  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Chancellor  and  the  Associate  Judge  residing  in*  the  county  hold  the 
Orphans'  Court  in  each  county.  The  Chief  Justice  and  all  the  Associate 
Judges,  except  the  Associate  residing  in  the  county  where  the  court  is 
in  session,  hold  the  Superior  Court  and  Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the 
Peace.  All  the  Judges,  except  the  Chancellor,  sit  in  the  Court  of  Oyer  and 
Terminer. 

The  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  consists  of  the  Chancellor  who  presides, 
and  at  least  two  of  the  other  Judges  of  the  state.  The  principal  officers  are 
Prothonotaries,  Clerks  of  the  Peace,  Clerks  of  Orphans'  Courts,  Registers 
in  Chancery,  Registers  of  Wills,  Recorders  of  Deeds,  Sheriffs,  Attorney  Gen 
eral,  and  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals. 

The  Chancellor  and  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  Governor,  and  hold  their 
offices  during  good  behavior.  The  Sheriff  is  elected  by  the  people  every 
twro  years.  His  official  residence  is  at  the  county  seat. 

The  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  is  clerk  of  that  court, 
which  is  the  highest  in  the  state,  and  where  cases  at  law  or  in  equity  are  re- 
examined  by  a  writ  of  error  or  appeal. 

The  Attorney  General  is  a  state  officer,  whose  duty  it  is  to  prosecute  all 
persons  committing  offenses  against  the  criminal  laws  of  the  state.  The 
Clerks  and  Registers  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  for  the  term  of  five 
years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Robert  C.  Grier.  District  Judge,  Willard  nail.  Marshal,  Joseph  Seal.  Clerk 
of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  L.  E.  Wales. 

JUDGES  OF  STATE  COURTS. 

Chancellor,  Daniel  M.  Bates,  Dover. 

Chief  Justice,  Edward  W.  Gilpin,  Wilmington. 

Associate  Justices,  Leonard  E.  Wales,  Wilmington ;  John  W.  Houston,  Milford ;  Edward 
Wootten,  Georgetown.  Salary  of  Chancellor  and  Chief  Justice,  $2,000 ;  of  Associate  Justices 
$1,700. 

TERMS  OP  COURTS. 

The  Court  of  Chancery  and  Orphans'  Court  are  held  in  Newcastle  Co.,  at  Newcastle,  on  the 
3d  Monday  in  February,  and  1st  Monday  in  September ;  Kent  Co.,  at  Dover,  on  the  1st  Tuesday 
after  the  4th  Monday  in  March,  and  on  the  4th  Monday  in  September;  Sussex  Co.,  at  George 
town,  on  the  1st  Tuesday  after  the  2d  Monday  in  March,  and  on  the  1st  Tuesday  after  the  3d 
Monday  in  September. 

The  Superior  Court  and  Court  of  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace  and  Jail  Delivery  are  held 
in  Sussex  Co.,  on  the  2d  Monday  in  April  and  October;  Kent  Co.,  on  the  4th  Monday  in  April 
and  October;  Newcastle  Co.,  on  the  2d  Monday  after  the  commencement  of  April  term  in 
Kent,  and  on  the  3d  Monday  in  November.  The  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  is  held  at  Dover, 
on  the  1st  Tuesday  in  June. 

FINANCES.— STATE  DEBT. 

Delaware  had  no  debt  in  1860;  in  1867,  the  debt  was  $1,242,000;  this 
was  reduced  during  the  year  $636,200,  leaving  the  whole  debt,  December, 
1868,  $605,800. 

The  state  receives  an  income  from  railroads  and  other  sources,  and  from 
capital  invested,  sufficient  to  meet  the  ordinary  expenses  of  government. 


18G9.]  DELAWARE.  305 

EDUCATION. 

This  state  has  two  colleges.  Delaware  college  at  Newark,  has  been  adopt 
ed  as  an  agricultural  school,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  public  lands  donated 
to  the  state  by«the  United  States  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the  me 
chanic  arts,  are  to  be  invested  for  the  benefit  of  the  scientific  department  of 
the  college.  St.  Mary's  college,  at  Wilmington,  has  about  40  students. 
The  Delaware  State  Normal  University  was  organized  in  I860,  and  incorpo 
rated  in  18G7.  It  was  commenced  without  any  direct  aid  from  the  state, 
with  a  subscription  of  twenty  scholarships.  It  provides  instruction  and 
training  for  teachers  of  common  schools,  and  also  for  such  as  desire  to  pre 
pare  to  take  charge  of  academies  and  high  schools. 

No  uniform  school  system,  reaching  all  parts  of  the  state  has  as  yet  been 
adopted,  but  measures  have  been  inaugurated  in  various  places  to  secure  the 
benefits  of  well  organized  public  schools.  An  annual  allowance  is  made 
from  the  state  treasury  of  fifty  cents  for  each  scholar  in  Kent  and  Sussex 
counties,  and  twenty  cents  for  each  scholar  in  Newcastle  county. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  the  state  as  given  by  the  United  States  census  at  differ 
ent  periods  was  as  follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Increase  per  cent. 

1790 46,310 3,899 8,887 5<J,0«6 

1800 49,852 8,268 6,153 64,273 8.76 

1810 55,361 13,136 4,177 72.674 13.07 

1820 55,282 12,958 4,509 72,749 0.10 

1830 57,601 15,855 3,292 76,748 5.05 

1840 58,561 16,919 2,605 78,085 1.74 

1850 71,169 18,073 2,290 91,532 17.22 

1860 90,589 19,829 1,798 112,216 22.60 

The  construction  of  railroads  and  other  internal  improvements  have  with 
in  five  years  contributed  materially  to  the  increase  of  population  and  wealth. 
The  opening  of  the  Delaware  railroad  has*  furnished  means  for  the  develop 
ment  of  the  resources  of  the  central  and  southern  portions  of  the  state. 

Agriculture  is  the  prominent  interest ;  the  soil  and  climate,  and  the  prox 
imity  of  good  markets  affording  favorable  facilities  for  fruit  growing,  which 
has  been  rapidly  increasing  during  the  last  ten  years. 

Wilmington  is  the  principal  manufacturing  town.  The  annual  products 
of  its  mills  and  shops,  which  amounted  to  nearly  ten  million  dollars  in  1860, 
are  constantly  increasing. 

The  foreign  trade  of  the  state  is  carried  on  principally  through  Philadel 
phia  and  Baltimore.  The  principal  exports  are  flour,  grain,  fruit  and  lum 
ber.  There  are  11  National  Banks  with  a  capital  of  $1,428,185;  4  of  the 
banks  with  a  capital  of  $913,185,  are  located  in  Wilmington. 

Products  in  1866.  Indian  corn,  4,281,570*bushel8,  value,  $3,724,966;  wheat,  685,720  bush 
els,  value,  $2,057,160;  oats,  2,317,857  bushels,  value,  $1,274,821;  potatoes,  270,220  bushels, 
value,  $189,154. 

20 


306  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

6.    FLORIDA. 

Capital,  Tallahassee.    Area,  59,268  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  350,000. 

This  state  was  formed  from  part  of  the  territory  ceded  by  Spain  to  the 
United  States,  by  treaty  of  February  22,  1819.  It  was  settled  in  1565,  by 
the  Spaniards,  at  St.  Augustine,  was  organized  as  a  territory,  March  3,  1823, 
and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  March  3,  1845.  An  ordinance  of 
secession  wras  passed  January  10,  1861,  which  was  repealed,  October  28, 
1865,  by  a  convention  which  met  October  25.  This  convention  repudiated 
the  rebel  debt,  and  adopted  a  new  constitution.  This  state  was  a  part  of  the 
third  military  district,  and  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Pope  from  March 
15,  1867,  to  the  close  of  the  year. 

A  convention  was  held  January  20,  1868,  and  a  new  constitution  adopted 
February  25,  which  was  ratified  by  the  people  May  6,  1868. 

This  constitution  provides  that  slavery  shall  not  exist  in  the  state,  that 
there  shall  be  no  civil  or  political  distinction  on  account  of  race,  color,  or 
previous  condition  of  servitude ;  and  that  the  state  shall  ever  remain  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Union,  the  people  thereof  a  part  of  the  American  na 
tion,  and  any  attempt,  from  whatever  sourte  or  upon  whatever  pretence  to 
dissolve  said  Union,  or  to  sever  said  nation,  shall  be  resisted  with  the  whole 
power  of  the  state.  The  14th  amendment  was  ratified  by  the  legislature, 
June  9,  and  the  state  admitted  to  representation  in  congress  by  an  act 
passed  over  the  President's  veto,  June  25,  1868. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor HARRISON  REED Tallahassee* $5,000 

Lieutenant  Governor WILLIAM  II.  GLEASON Miami 2,500 

Secretary  of  State GEORGE  J.  ALDEN Pensacola 3,000 

Treasurer SIMON  A.  CONNOVER Lake  City 3,000 

Comptroller R.  H.  GAMBLE Tallahassee 3,000 

Attorney  General JAMES  D.  WESTCOTT,  JR Tallahassee 3,000 

Superintendent  of  Pub.  Instruction.  .C.  THURSTON  CHASE Jacksonville 3,000 

Commissioner  of  Immigration OSCAR  E.  AUSTIN Palatka 3,000 

Adjutant  General GEORGE  B.  CARSE Tallahassee 3,000 

Surveyor  General FRANK  W.  WEBSTER Tallahassee 3,000 

The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  are  chosen  by  the  qualified  electors 
of  the  state  at  the  time  and  places  of  voting  for  members  of  the  legislature, 
and  hold  office  for  four  years.  The  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  Comptroller, 
Attorney  General,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Commissioner  of  Im 
migration,  and  Adjutant  General,  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  con 
firmed  by  the  Senate,  and  hold  their  offices  the  same  time  as  the  Governor, 
or  until  their  successors  shall  be  qualified. 

The  members  of  the  Assembly,  53  in  number,  are  chosen  biennially  on  the 
first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  November.  The  next  election  for  this 
purpose  will  be  in  1870.  The  Senators,  24  in  number,  are  chosen  for  a  term 
of  four  years,  at  the  same  time  and  place  as  members  of  the  Assembly.  The 
senators  elected  in  1868  from  districts  denoted  by  even  numbers,  vacate  their 
seats  at  the  expiration  of  two  years,  and  thereafter  one-half  the  whole  num- 
•*The  official  Post  Office  address  of  all  the  above,  except  the  Lieut.  Gov.,  is  Tallahassee,  Florida. 


I 

1869.]  FLORIDA.  307 

ber  will  be  elected  annually.  The  Seminole  Indians  are  entitled  to  one 
member  in  each  branch  of  the  legislature.  He  must  be  a  member  of  the 
tribe,  and  be  elected  by  the  qualified  Indian  electors. 

The  sessions  of  the  legislature  are  annual,  and  are  held  on  the  first  Tues 
day  after  the  first  Monday  in  January.  Regular  sessions  may  extend  to  60 
days,  but  any  special  session  convened  by  the  Governor  cannot  exceed  20  days. 

The  pay  of  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  is  $500 
per  annum,  each,  and  ten  cents  for  each  mile  traveled  in  going  from  their 
residences  to  the  capital  and  returning. 

Every  male  person  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  upwards,  of  what 
ever  race,  color,  nationality,  or  previous  condition,  who  shall,  at  the  time 
of  offering  to  vote,  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  who  shall  have  de 
clared  his  intention  to  become  such  in  conformity  to  the  laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  have  resided  in  Florida  for  one  year,  and  in  the  county 
for  six  months,  next  preceding  the  election  at  which  he  shall  offer  to  vote, 
shall  in  such  county  be  deemed  a  qualified  elector  at  all  elections  under  this 
Constitution. 

The  legislature  must  enact  laws  requiring  educational  qualifications  for 
electors  after  the  year  1880,  but  no  such  law  shall  be  made  applicable  to 
any  elector  who  may  have  registered  or  voted  at  any  election  previous  thereto. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  state  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  Circuit 
Courts,  County  Courts,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices, 
who  hold  their  offices  for  life  or  during  good  behavior.  They  are  appointed 
by  the  Governor  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  The  majority  of  the  Justices 
constitutes  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  all  business.  The  Supreme  Court 
holds  three  terms  each  year  at  the  seat  of  government ;  such  terms  commence 
on  the  second  Tuesday  of  October,  January,  and  April,  respectively.  This 
Court  has  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  in  equity,  also  in  cases  of  law  in 
which  is  involved  the  title  to,  or  right  of  possession  of  real  estate;  in  certain 
other  civil  cases  specified ;  and  in  all  criminal  cases,  in  which  the  offences 
charged  amount  to  felony.  It  has  power  to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  cer- 
tiorari,  prohibition,  quo  icarranto,  habeas  corpus,  and  also  all  writs  necessary 
or  proper  to  the  complete  exercise  of  its  appellate  jurisdiction.  It  appoints 
a  Clerk  who  is  also  Librarian  of  the  Supreme  Court  Library. 

There  are  seven  Circuit  Judges  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  confirmed 
by  the  senate,  who  hold  their  office  for  eight  years.  The  state  is  divided  into 
seven  judicial  districts,  the  limits  of  which  are  defined  in  the  Constitution, 
and  one  judge  is  assigned  to  each  circuit.  Such  judge  holds  two  terms  of 
his  court  in  each  county  within  his  circuit,  each  year,  at  such  time  and  places 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  The  judge  must  reside  in  the  circuit  to  which 
he  is  assigned. 

The  Circuit  Courts  in  the  several  judicial  circuits  have  original  jurisdic 
tion  in  all  cases  in  which  the  Supreme  Court  has  appellate  jurisdiction. 


308  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

They  have  final  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  cases  arising  in  the  County 
Court  in  which  the  amount  in  controversy  is  one  hundred  dollars  and  up 
wards,  and  in  all  cases  of  misdemeanor.  The  Circuit  Courts,  and  the  Judges 
thereof,  have  power  to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  injunctions,  quo  warranto, 
certiorari,  and  all  other  writs  proper  and  necessary  to  the  complete  exercise 
of  their  jurisdiction,  and  also  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  cwpus  on  petition  by, 
or  on  behalf  of,  any  person  held  in  actual  custody  in  their  respective  circuits. 
There  is  a  County  Court  in  each  county.  The  Governor  appoints  the 
County  Judges,  who  are  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  and  each  Judge  holds  his 
office  for  four  years  from  the  date  of  liis  commission,  or  until  his  successor 
is  appointed  and  qualified.  The  County  Court  is  a  Court  of  Oyer  and  Ter- 
miner,  and  has  jurisdiction  of  all  misdemeanors  and  all  civil  cases,  where 
the  amount  in  controversy  does  not  exceed  three  hundred  dollars,  except 
when  the  title  or  boundaries  of  real  estate  is  in  controversy,  and  its  jurisdic 
tion  is  final  in  all  civil  cases  where  the  amount  in  controversy  does  not  exceed 
one  hundred  dollars. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  District  Judge— Northern  District,  Philip  Fraser :  South 

ern  District,  Thomas  J.  Boynton.  District  Attorney— Northern  District,  A.  Usher;  Southern 
District,  Homer  G.  Plantz.  Marshal— Northern  District,  Alexander  Magruder ;  Southern  Dis 
trict,  George  D.  West.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts— Northern  District,  William  P.  Dock- 
ray;  Southern  District,  George  D.  Allen. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

'  Chief  Justice,  Edwin  M.  Randall,  Jacksonville.  Associate  Justices,  James  D.  Wescott,  Talla 
hassee;  O.  B.  Hart,  Jacksonville.  Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $4.500;  of  each  Associate  Justice 
$4,000. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

Judges— First  Circuit,  Homer  G.  Plantz,  Pensacola ;  Second  Circuit,  William  Archer  Cocke, 
Monticello ;  Third  Circuit,  Thomas  T.  Long,  Lake  City ;  Fourth  Circuit,  Alva  A.  Knight,  Jackson 
ville;  Fifth  Circuit,  Jesse  H.  Goss,  Ocala;  Sixth  Circuit,  James  T.  Magbee,  Tampa;  Seventh 
Circuit,  John  W.  Price,  Enterprise.  Salary  of  each  Judge,  $3,500. 

FINANCES. 

Receipts  for  fiscal  year  ending  November  1,  1867,  -  $101,806.21 

Warrants  issued,  187^667.63 

Excess  over  receipts,  -  25,861.42 

Due  from  revenue  not  collected,  28  477.60 

Balance  in  treasury  if  revenue  was  all  paid  in  and  warrants  paid,      2,616.18 
The  salaries  of  executive,  legislative  and  judicial  officers  amount  annually 
to  $105,000.     The  other  general  expenditures  for  1867,  were  as  follows : 

Criminal  prosecutions $35,733.05       Pension  Mrs.  Reed $300.00 

Jurors  and  witnesses 22.075.54        Compensation  to  Attorney  General  33  00 

Governor's  residence 1,000.00        Expenses  of  boundary  line 50.00 

School  fund 1,171.79       Executors  of  Gov.  Perry.  5  507  09 

Seminary  fund 891.21        School  fund  interest 914.91 

Contingent  expenses  circuit  court..     2,050.04       Artificial  limbs 125.00 

West  Florida  Seminary 7,581.00        State  debt ..,'.'.  "     2,600.00 

East  Florida  Seminary 3,700.00       Freedmen's  school  fund. .....  S^'ss 

Contingent  expenses  state 5,702.26       Expenses  of  convention ..... . . .  WoO 

Maintenance  of  lunatics 1,019.65       Repairs  of  capital 1,144^44 

Indian  hostilities,  1849 2,510.86       Moneys  refunded '  5o!oO 


1869.]  FLORIDA.  309 

Contingent  expenses  Supreme  Court  $1,345.76        Census  of  1867 $7,040.78 

Printing  and  publishing 17,204.49        Supreme  Court  reports 250.00 

Post  mortem  examinations 765.87 

Total $125,143.62 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  entire  debt  of  the  state  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  1807,  was $523,856.95 

Increase  from  previous  year 153,239.95 

Of  this  debt  there  is  due  to  school  and  seminary  funds 195,239.63 

Internal  improvement  fund 45,000.00 

Balance  outstanding  Nov.  1, 1867 283,617.32 

EDUCATION. 

The  constitution  asserts  the  duty  of  the  state  to  make  ample  provision  for 
the  education  of  all  the  children  residing  within  its  borders,  without  distinc 
tion  or  preference. 

The  legislature  is  required  to  provide  a  uniform  system  of  public  schools 
and  a  University,  and  to  provide  for  the  liberal  maintenance  of  the  same,  so 
that  instruction  shall  be  free.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
Secretary  of  State  and  Attorney  General,  constitute  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  Superintendent  has  the  general  supervision  of  all  the  educational 
interests  of  the  state.  Provision  is  made  for  a  common  school  fund,  the  in 
terest  of  which  shall  be  exclusively  applied  to  the  support  and  maintenance 
of  common  schools,  and  purchase  of  libraries  and  apparatus  therefor.  This 
fund  is  to  be  derived  from  the  following  sources,  viz : 

The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have  been  or  may  hereafter  be  granted  to 
the  State  by  the  United  States  for  educational  purposes  ;  donations  by  indi 
viduals  ;  appropriations  by  the  state ;  the  proceeds  of  lands  or  other  property 
which  may  accrue  to  the  state  by  escheat  or  forfeiture ;  the  proceeds  of  all 
property  granted  to  the  state,  when  the  purpose  of  such  grant  is  not  speci 
fied  ;  all  moneys  which  may  be  paid  as  an  exemption  from  military  duty ; 
all  fines  collected  under  the  penal  law  of  the  state ;  such  portion  of  the  per 
capita  tax  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law  for  educational  purposes ;  twenty- 
five  per  centum  of  the  sales  of  Public  Lands  which  are  now,  or  which  here 
after  may  be  owned  by  the  state.  A  special  tax  of  not  less  than  one  mill  on 
the  dollar  of  all  taxable  property  in  the  state,  in  addition  to  the  other  means 
provided,  is  to  be  levied  and  apportioned  annually  for  the  support  and 
maintenance  of  common  schools. 

Each  county  is  required  to  raise  annually  by  tax,  for  the  support  of  com 
mon  schools  therein,  a  sum  not  less  than  one-half  of  the  amount  appointed  to 
each  county  for  that  year  from  the  income  of  the  common  school  fund.  Any 
school  district  neglecting  to  establish  or  maintain  for  at  least  three  months 
in  each  year,  such  school  or  schools  as  may  be  provided  for  by  law,  will  for 
feit  its  portion  of  the  common  school  fund  during  such  neglect. 

There  are  two  state  seminaries,  the  East  Florida  Seminary  and  the  West 
Florida  Seminary  which  receive  appropriations  from  the  state. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Governor  and  Cabinet  constitute  a  Board  of  Commissioners  of  State 
Institutions,  and  this  board  has  supervision  of  all  matters  connected  with 


310  THE  AMERICAN  YEAE-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

such  institutions.  Governor  Reed  in  his  message  to  the  legislature  in  1868, 
strongly  urges  immediate  provision  for  Asylums  for  the  Insane,  Blind,  Deaf 
and  Dumb,  and  for  a  State  Penitentiary.  lie  says  that, 

"  Under  the  present  system,  the  State  has  really  been  unable  to  punish  its 
criminals.  To  place  them  in  jail,  has  simply  resulted  in  daily  expense  without 
the  most  remote  probability  of  a  payment  of  lines  imposed ;  the  consequence 
has  been  that  the  Governor  has  found  it  necessary  to  exercise  the  pardoning 
power  to  save  the  State  from  bankruptcy,  and  while  this  course  has  resulted, 
no  doubt,  in  saving  perhaps  considerable  sums,  yet  it  has  at  the  same  time 
resulted  in  releasing  the  criminal  without  really  adequate  punishment  for  the 
offence.  Crime  must  be  punished  or  society  cannot  be  maintained." 

The  expenses  of  the  state  for  18G7,  for  criminal  prosecutions,  was  $35,- 
733.05,  and  for  jurors  and  witnesses,  $22,675.54.  It  is  supposed  that  at  least 
an  average  of  100  persons  per  day  throughout  the  year,  were  supported  by  the 
state  in  idleness  under  the  prison  system  at  a  cost  of  about  $19,500  per  year. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  first  United  States  Census  taken  in  Florida  was  in  1830,  the  population  at  that  time, 
and  at  the  close  of  each  decade  since  was  as  follows : 

Whites.  Free  Colored.    ,  Slaves.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1830 18,385 844 15.501 34,730 

1840 27,943 817 25,717 54,477 56.86 

1850 47,203 932 39.310 87,445 60.52 

1860 77,748 932 61,745 140,425 60.59 

The  ratio  of  increase  has  varied  but  little ;  for  the  first  decade  it  was  56.86  per  cent.,  and  for 
each  of  the  last  two  decades,  a  little  more  than  60.5  per  cent.  The  present  population  is  esti 
mated  at  160,000  to  175,000.  Of  the  free  population  in  18CO,  35,602  were  born  in  the  state ; 
39,768  in  other  states ;  3,309  in  foreign  countries ;  of  whom  320  were  born  in  England ;  827  in 
Ireland ;  189  in  Scotland  ;  6  in  Wales ;  77  in  British  America ;  478  in  Germany  ;  141  in  France, 
and  1,271  in  other  foreign  countries.  The  Indians  may  be  taxed,  in  which  case  they  become 
citizens  of  the  state,  and  have  all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  other  citizens. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  emigration  from  the  northern  states,  and  from 
Europe,  has  been  directed  to  this  state.  The  mildness  of  the  climate,  the 
productiveness  of  the  soil,  and  the  cheapness  of  land  have  induced  many  to 
invest  capital  in  agriculture  or  lumbering,  which  at  present  are  the  leading 
pursuits  of  the  people,  and  the  chief  sources  of  wealth.  Cotton,  corn,  sugar 
cane,  rice  and  potatoes,  are  the  principal  crops.  The  raising  of  vegetables 
and  fruits  for  the  northern  markets  has  proved  profitable,  and  will  in  a  few 
years  add  materially  to  the  trade  and  wealth  of  the  state. 

Oranges,  lemons,  and  citrons  grow  well  in  nearly  every  part  of  Florida, 
and  in  some  localities  the  fruit  is  equal  to  that  raised  in  any  part  of  the 
world.  In  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  pine  apples,  bananas,  figs,  and 
dates,  grow  in  luxuriance.  Peaches,  grapes,  and  many  other  fruits  of  the 
northern  states,  can  be  produced  in  abundance,  and  of  excellent  quality  some 
weeks  before  they  ripen  in  the  latitude  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 
About  17,500,000  acres  of  public  lands  are  yet  to  be  disposed  of. 

In  1860,  there  were  185  manufacturing  establishments,  having  a  capital  of  $1,874,125,  and 
yielding  an  annual  product  valued  at  $2,447,469.  The  commerce  of  the  state  has  not  been 
extensive,  but  there  is  a  profitable  coasting  trade.  The  General  Assembly  in  July  and  August, 
1868,  incorporated  the  Southern  Inland  Navigation  Company,  and  two  Steamboat  and  Canal 
companies,  all  of  which  have  for  their  object  the  improvement  of  inland  navigation,  also  two 
railroad  companies,  the  aggregate  capital  of  the  whole  being  $1,060,000. 


GEORGIA.  311 

7.    GEORGIA. 

Capital,  Atlanta.  Area.  58,000  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  1,507,206. 
Georgia  was  settled  at  Savannah  in  1733,  by  the  English,  under  General 
Oglethorpe.  It  received  its  charter,  June  9,  1732,  from  George  II,  from  whom 
it  was  named.  It  was  the  last  settled  of  the  original  thirteen  states,  formed 
its  constitution  in  1777,  and  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
January  2,  1788.  It  was  a  member  of  the  late  Southern  Confederacy,  adopt 
ed  an  ordinance  of  secession,  January  19,  1861,  which  was  repealed,  October 
30,  1865,  by  a  convention  which  assembled  on  the  25th  of  the  same  month. 
The  same  convention  repudiated  the  debt  incurred  by  the  rebellion,  and  adopt 
ed  a  new  constitution.  This  state  was  included  in  the  3d  military  district ; 
Major  General  Pope  and  General  Meade  commanding.  The  new  constitution 
was  adopted  in  convention,  March  11, 1868,  and  ratified  by  the  people,  April 
20,  1868.  This  constitution  declares  that  all  persons  born  or  naturalized  in 
the  United  States,  and  resident  in  the  state,  shall  be  citizens  of  the  state,  and 
no  laws  shall  be  made  or  enforced  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  im 
munities  of  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  of  this  state,  or  deny  to  any  per 
son  within  its  jurisdiction,  the  equal  protection  of  its  laws. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor R.  B.  BULLOCK Atlanta $4,000 

Secretary  of  State DAVID  G.  COTLING Atlanta 2,000 

Treasurer N.  L.  ANGIER Atlanta 2,000 

Comptroller  General MADISON  BELL Atlanta 2,000 

Attorney  General H.  P.  FARROW Atlanta 300  and  fees. 

The  Governor  is  chosen  quadrennially  for  a  term  of  four  years,  by  the 
electors  of  the  state.  The  Secretary  of  State,  Comptroller  General,  Treas 
urer,  and  Surveyor  General,  are  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  for  the  same 
period  as  the  Governor. 

The  Senate  consists  of  44  members,  elected  for  four  years,  except  that  those 
first  elected  from  the  districts  having  odd  numbers,  hold  their  office  for  two 
years  only  ;  thereafter  one-half  will  be  elected  biennially. 

The  House  of  Representatives  consists  of  175  members,  elected  biennially 
for  two  years.  The  election  of  Governor,  members  of  Congress,  and  mem 
bers  of  the  General  Assembly  takes  place  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Mon 
day  in  November.  The  General  Assembly  meets  annually  on  the  second 
Wednesday  of  January,  an'd  no  session  can  continue  longer  than  40  days, 
unless  prolonged  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  branch  thereof. 

Every  male  person,  born  in  the  United  States,  and  every  male  person  who 
has  been  naturalized,  or  who  has  legally  declared  his  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  twenty-one  years  old,  or  upward,  who  has  resided 
in  the  State  six  months,  next  preceding  the  election,  and  has  resided  thirty 
days  in  the  county  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  and  has  paid  all  taxes  which 
may  be  required  of  him  for  the  year  next  preceding  the  election,  and  every 
male  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  the  age  aforesaid,  who  was  a  resident 
of  the  State  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution,  is  deemed  an 


312  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

elector.     Soldiers  and  sailors  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  persons 
convicted  of  heinous  crimes,  idiots,  and  insane  persons  are  excepted. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  Powers  of  this  State  are  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  Superior 
Courts,  Courts  of  Ordinary,  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Commissioned  Notaries 
Public,  and  such  other  Courts  as  have  been  or  may  be  established  by  law. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  three  Judges,  two  of  whom  constitute  a 
quorum.  The  constitution  of  1868  provided  that  at  the  first  appointment 
of  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  one  should  be  appointed  for  four  years,  one 
for  eight  years,  and  one  for  twelve  years,  but  all  subsequent  appointments, 
except  to  fill  unexpired  terms,  will  be  for  the  term  of  twelve  years ;  and  that 
for  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court,  one-half  the  number  should  be  appointed 
for  four  years,  and  the  other  half  for  eight  years ;  but  all  subsequent  appoint 
ments,  except  to  fill  unexpired  terms,  will  be  for  the  term  of  eight  years. 

The  Supreme  Court  has  no  original  jurisdiction,  but  is  a  Court  alone  for 
the  trial  and  correction  of  errors  from  the  Superior  Courts,  and  from  the 
City  Courts  of  Savannah  and  Augusta,  and  such  other  like  Courts  as  may 
be  established  in  other  cities. 

There  is  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  Courts  for  each  Judicial  Circuit.  He 
may  act  in  other  Circuits  when  authorized  by  law.  The  Superior  Courts 
have  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  cases  of  divorce;  in  criminal  cases  where  the 
offender  is  subjected  to  the  loss  of  life  or  confinement  in  the  Penitentiary; 
in  cases  respecting  titles  to  land  and  equity  cases,  except  as  hereinafter  pro 
vided  ;  but  the  General  Assembly  has  power  to  merge  the  Common  Law  and 
Equity  Jurisdiction  of  said  Courts.  Said  Courts  have  jurisdiction  in  all 
other  civil  cases,  except  as  hereinafter  provided.  They  have  appellate  juris 
diction  in  all  such  cases  as  are  provided  by  law.  They  have  power  to  cor 
rect  errors  in  inferior  Judicatories,  by  writ  of  certiorari,  which  only  issues  on 
the  sanction  of  the  Judge ;  and  to  issue  write  of  mandamus,  prohibition, 
scire  facias,  and  all  other  writs  that  may  be  necessary  for  carrying  their 
powers  fully  into  effect. 

Until  the  General  Assembly  shall  otherwise  direct,  there  must  be  a  Dis 
trict  Judge,  and  a  District  Attorney  for  each  Senatorial  District  in  this  State. 
The  District  Judge  has  jurisdiction  to  hear  and  determine  all  offences  not 
punishable  with  death  or  imprisonment  in  the  Penitentiary ;  and  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  District  Attorney  to  represent  the  State  in  all  cases  before  the 
District  Judge. 

No  court  has  jurisdiction  to  try  or  determine  any  suit  or  enforce  any  judg 
ment  or  execution  against  any  resident  of  the  State  upon  any  contract  or 
agreement  made  or  implied,  or  upon  any  contract  made  in  renewal  of  any 
debt  existing  prior  to  the  first  day  of  June,  1865,  except  in  certain  cases 
specifically  mentioned  in  the  constitution. 

The  District  Judge  and  Attorneys  hold  their  offices  for  a  period  of  four 
years.  The  Judges  of  the  Supreme  and  Superior  Courts,  the  Attorney  Gen 
eral,  Solicitors  General  and  the  District  Judges,  and  Attorneys  are  appointed 


1869.]  GEORGIA.  313 

by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  are  remov 
able  by  the  Governor,  on  the  address  of  two-thirds  of  each  branch  of  the 
General  Assembly,  or  by  impeachment  and  conviction  thereon.  Justices  of 
the  Peace  are  elected  by  the  legal  voters  in  their  respective  Districts,  and 
are  commissioned  by  the  Governor.  They  are  removable  on  conviction  for 
malpractice  in  office. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Vacancy.  District  Judge,  John  Erskine.  District  Attorney,  Henry  S.  Fitch. 
Marshal,  William  G.  Dickson. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

The  Supreme  Court  holds  its  sessions  at  the  seat  of  government,  at  such  times  as  are  pre 
scribed  by  law.  A  Superior  Court  must  sit  in  each  county  not  less  than  twice  in  each  year. 
The  District  Judge  must  sit  at  stated  times  not  less  than  once  in  each  month,  in  each  county 
in  his  district. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Judges  of  Supreme  Court.  Joseph  E.  Brown,  Atlanta  ;  Henry  Kent  McCay,  Americus ;  Hiram 
Warner,  Greenville.  Salaries  $2,500  in  specie. 

CIRCUIT  COURT. 

Judges  of  Circuit  Court.  1st  District,  Garnet  Andrews,  Washington ;  2d  District,  Josiah  R. 
Parrot,  Cartcrsville ;  3d  District,  John  R.  Alexander,  Thomasville ;  tth  District,  Chasee  G. 
Davis,  Monroe;  5th  District,  Carleton  B.  Cole,  Macon;  6th  District.  James  M.  Clarke,  Americus, 
1th  District,  James  W.  Green,  Americus  ;  3th  District,  David  B.  Hassell,  Thomaston ;  Wi  Dis 
trict,  Wm.  Gibson,  Augusta ;  10th  District,  John  D.  Pope,  Atlanta ;  llth  District,  Philip  B.  Rob 
inson,  Greenboro;  IWi  District,  Noel  B.  Knight,  Manilla;  13th  District,  Wm.  Schleg,  Savannah; 
Uth  District,  John  S.  Bigby,  Newman  ;  15th  District,  W.  M.  Sessions,  Blackshear ;  IMh  District, 
E.  H.  Worrell,  Talbotton.  Salaries  $1,800  in  specie. 

FINANCES. 
At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  1866,  there  was  in  the  treasury  a 

cash  balance  of  $71,752 

Assets  of  the*  state  consisting  of  shares  of  banks  and  railroads,       $1,126,900 

Bonded  debt,  5,706,500 

The  Western  and  Atlantic  railroad  valued  in  1862  at  $7,869,224,  for  several 

years  paid  into  the  state  treasury  an  interest  of  over  6  per  ct.  on  $7,000,000. 

EDUCATION. 

According  to  the  census  of  1860,  there  were  in  Georgia  33  colleges,  with 
3,302  students,  and  $167,931  income,  yet  not  more  than  five  or  six  of  these 
institutions  would  have  ranked  as  colleges  in  the  northern  states.  There 
were  then  242  academies  and  private  schools,  with  11,075  pupils,  and 
$237,373  income. 

Many  of  these  institutions  were  closed  during  the  war,  but  are  now  in 
successful  operation.  The  State  University  at  Athens,  founded  in  1801,  and 
re-organized  so  as  to  include  Franklin  College,  confers  five  degrees,  viz. : 
Bachelor  of  Arts,  Bachelor  of  Laws,  Bachelor  of  Science,  Civil  Engineer, 
and  Master  of  Arts.  It  has  a  good  building,  a  library  of  more  than  13,000 
volumes,  besides  4,000  volumes  in  the  libraries  of  the  societies;  a  valuable 
and  complete  philosophical  and  chemical  apparatus ;  and  an  extensive  Mine- 


314  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

ralogical  and  Geological  Cabinet.  It  has  been  re-opened  under  very  favora 
ble  prospects. 

Oglethorpe  University,  at  Milledgeville,  Mercer  University,  at  Renfield, 
and  Emory  College,  at  Oxford,  are  respectively  under  the  charge  of  the 
Presbyterian,  Baptist  and  Methodist  denominations.  They  were  all  organ 
ized  from  1835  to  1838,  and  have  together  graduated  more  than  1,000  stu 
dents.  The  Wesleyan  Female  College  at  Macon,  is  in  successful  operation, 
with  nearly  as  many  students  (144)  as  there  were  before  the  war. 

The  Constitution  of  1868  provides  for  the  organization  of  a  thorough 
system  of  General  Education,  to  be  forever  free  to  all  children  of  the  State, 
and  creates  the  Office  of  State  School  Commissioner.  This  officer  is  appoint 
ed  by  the  Governor  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  holds  his  office  for 
the  same  time  as  the  Governor.  The  poll  tax  allowed  by  the  Constitution, 
and  Educational  fund  now  belonging  to  the  State,  except  the  endowment  of, 
and  debt  due  to  the  State  University,  or  that  may  hereafter  be  obtained  in 
any  way,  a  special  tax  on  shows  and  exhibitions,  and  on  the  sale  of  spirit 
uous  and  malt  liquors,  which  the  General  Assembly  is  authorized  to  assess — 
and  the  proceeds*from  the  commutation  for  military  service,  are  set  apart 
and  devoted  to  the  support  of  Common  Schools.  The  General  Assembly 
lias  power  to  levy  such  general  tax  upon  the  property  of  the  State,  as  may 
be  necessary  for  the  support  of  said  School  System.  There  must  be  estab 
lished  as  soon  as  practicable  one  or  more  Common  Schools,  in  each  School 
District  in  the  state. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  at  Medway,  near  Milledgeville  went  into  ope 
ration  in  1842.  The  buildings  were  subsequently  enlarged,  but  are  now  in 
sufficient  to  accommodate  all  patients.  Blacks  are  entitled  to  admission  as 
well  as  whites.  This  institution  and  the  Academy  for  the  Blind  at  Macon, 
have  been  in  successful  operation,  but  the  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
was  suspended  during  the  war,  and  had  not  been  opened  at  our  last  date. 

The  State  Penitentiary  at  Milledgeville  was  commenced  in  1811,  and  sub 
stantially  built  of  granite.  It  was  repaired  and  improved  in  1859-60,  but 
destroyed  during  the  war.  It  has  since  been  partially  restored  and  improved. 
Before  the  war  the  convicts  were  employed  in  manufacturing  leather,  wagons, 
shoes,  pails,  and  other  articles. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  Georgia  at  each  census  was  as  follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790 52,886 339 29,264 82,548 

1800 101,678 1,019 59,404 162,101 96.37 

1810 145,414 1,801  105,218 252,433 55.73 

1820 189,566 1,763 149,654 340,983 35.08 

1830 296,806 2,486 217,531 516,823 51.57 

1840  407,695 2,753 280,944 691,392 33.78 

1850 521,572 2,931 381,682 906,185 31.07 

1860 591,588 3,500 462,198 1,057,286 16.67 


1869.]  GEORGIA.  315 

In  1860,  cotton,  corn,  wheat,  and  potatoes  were  the  principal  products, 
this  state  ranking  first  in  the  amount  of  sweet  potatoes,  and  fourth  in  the 
amount  of  cotton  produced.  At  that  time,  about  one-fourth  of  the  land  in 
the  state  was  wild  or  unimproved.  As  in  most  of  the  other  southern  states, 
farms  and  cultivated  lands  have  depreciated  in  value  since  18GO.  During  ten 
years  preceding  the  war,  manufactures  rapidly  increased,  and  at  the  time 
the  last  National  census  was  taken,  there  were  1,890  establishments  annually 
producing  goods  to  the  value  of  nearly  $17,000,000.  The  state  has  valuable 
gold  mines  ;  iron  ore,  marble  and  other  minerals  are  abundant. 

Gold  was  first  discovered  in  Habersham  County,  in  1831.  It  is  found  prin 
cipally  in  this  county  and  in  Carroll,  Cobb,  Cherokee  and  Lumpkin  coun 
ties.  A  mint  was  established  at  Dahlonega,  in  this  county,  in  1837,  which 
has  received  $600,000  in  a  single  year,  with  an  aggregate  coinage  to  Feb 
ruary  28,  1861,  $6,121,919.  Of  this  amount,  $5,825,747  was  received  during 
the  period  from  1833  to  1857.  Placer  mining  has  been  prosecuted  in  north 
ern  Georgia  in  a  manner,  and  with  a  success  not  unlike  the  experience  of 
California.  Besides  the  true  veins,  which  traverse  the  strata  in  which  they 
lie  in  various  angles  of  dip  and  direction,  there  are  many  depositories  of 
gold  in  all  directions  around  Dahlonega,  which  are  auriferous  beds  of  slates, 
often  decomposed,  and  sometimes  containing  pyrites,  and  the  gossan  result 
ing  from  its  decomposition.  In  Lumpkin  and  Habersham  counties  especially, 
these  metalliferous  beds  have  been  worked  like  opened  quarries,  and  the 
gold  in  some  instances,  has  been  collected  with  the  rocher  or  the  pan,  with 
out  recourse  to  crushing.  In  those  parts  of  the  gold  region  where  nature 
has  subjected  the  auriferous  rocks  to  much  dislocation  and  atmospheric  ex 
posure,  not  only  the  beds  of  the  veins,  but  the  adjacent  detritus  of  their 
valleys  will  unquestionably  give  large  returns  to  the  new  and  powerful 
methods  for  washing  ponderous  masses  of  earth.  Companies  have  been  or 
ganized  to  introduce  these  hydraulic  appliances  upon  the  Chestatee  and  other 
tributaries  of  the  Chattahooche  river. 

The  value  of  property  as  returned  in  1866  was  as  follows. 

Land $103,112,524.00 

City  and  town  property 39,396,181.00 

Money  and  solvent  debts 34,521,678.00 

Merchandise. 10,933,173.00 

Shipping  and  tonnage 215,667.00 

Stocks,  manufactures,  etc 4,120,489.00 

Household  and  kitchen  furniture ' 1,132,408.00 

Property  not  enumerated 28,751,667.00 

Total  value  of  property  returned $222,183,787.00 

The  total  number  of  acres  of  land  in.  the  state 37,120,000 

Number  of  acres  returned  in  18(50 &3,345,289 

Number  of -acres  returned  in  1866 30,116,929 

Decrease 3,228,860 

Average  value  per  acre  in  1860,  $4.85;  in  1866,  $3.42  ;  decrease  per  acre,  $1.43.    In  1860,  the 
total  value  of  property  exclusive  of  slaves,  was  $369,627,922. 


316  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

8.    ILLINOIS. 

Capital,  Springfield.  Area,  55,410  square  miles.  Foliation,  (1865),  2,141,510. 
Illinois  was  settled  at  Kaskaskia,  by  the  French  in  1683,  and  was  claimed 
by  France  until  the  treaty  of  Paris,  in  1763,  when  it  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  English.  Soon  after,  settlers  from  Virginia  located  themselves  in  the  ter 
ritory  which  came  under  the  government  of  the  United  States  by  the  war 
of  the  revolution.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  North-western  territory  ceded  by 
Virginia  to  the  United  States  in  1783,  was  a  part  of  Indiana  as  organized  in 
1800,  from  which  it  was  separated,  and  made  into  a  distinct  territory  in  1809. 
Its  constitution  was  framed  in  1818,  and  it  was  admitted  into  the  Union, 
December  23,  of  that  year. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JOHN  W.  PALMER Springfield $1,500 

Lieutenant  Governor JOHN  DOUGHERTY Jonesboro *       80 

Secretary  of  State EDWARD  RUMMEL Peoria 800 

Treasurer E.  N.  BATES Centralia 800 

Auditw CHAS.  E.  LIPPINCOTT Chandlerville 1,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. NEWTON  B ATEM AN Springfield 2,500 

Acting  Asst.  Adjutant  General E.  P.  NILES Springfield 1,800 

Attorney  General WASH.  BUSHNELL Ottawa 3,500 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor,  Treasurer, 
and  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  are  elected  by  the  people  for  four 
years.  The  general  election  is  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  November.  Sen 
ators,  25  in  number,  are  chosen  for  four  years ;  and  Representatives,  90  in 
number,  for  two  years.  One-half  the  Senators,  and  all  the  Representatives 
being  elected  biennially.  The  pay  of  each  member  of  the  Legislature,  is 
$2.00  a  day  for  the  first  forty  days,  and  $1.00  a  day  afterwards.  The  Legis 
lature  is  required  to-  assemble  in  regular  session  biennially,  on  the  first 
Monday  in  January,  in  the  odd  years,  1869,  1871,  &c. 

Every  white  male  inhabitant  who  was  a  resident  of  the  state  at  the  adop 
tion  of  the  constitution,  and  every  white  male  citizen  21  years  of  age,  resid 
ing  one  year  in  the  state  is  entitled  to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  which  has  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  consists  of  three 
divisions,  corresponding  to  three  divisions  of  the  state. 

There  are  twenty-eight  Circuit  Courts  presided  over  by  as  many  judges. 
These  courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  of  all  sums  over  $100, 
and  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  the  justices  courts  of  all  sums  under  $100 
and  exceeding  $20. 

The  Superior  Court  of  Chicago  has  concurrent  jurisdiction  in  the  county 
and  city  respectively  with  the  Circuit  Court  in  all  civil  cases,  and  in  all 
criminal  cases  except  murder  and  treason.  The  Recorder's  Court  has  juris 
diction  in  criminal  cases,  and  in  civil  cases  to  the  amount  of  $100.  Each 
county  has  a  County  Court,  with  jurisdiction  to  the  same  amount  as  justices 
of  the  peace,  but  the  business  of  these  courts  is  chiefly  probate  matters. 
*  Several  of  these  officers  have  fees  in  addition  to  their  salaries. 


1869.]  ILLINOIS.  317 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  David  Davis.  .District  Judge,  Northern  District,  Thomas  Drummond ;  Southern 
District,  Samuel  H.  Treat,  Jr.  District  Attorney,  Northern  District,  Jesse  O.  Norton  ;  Southern 
District,  J.  E.  Rosette.  Marshal,  Northern  District,  J.  R.Jones;  Southern  District,  John  Logan. 
Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  Northern  District,  W.  H.  Bradley ;  Southern  District,  Pas 
chal  T.  Enos.  « 

SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COURT. 

1st  Division,  Judge,  Sidney  Brcese,  Carlyle  ;  Clerk.  Noah  Johnson,  Jefferson  Co.  2d  Division, 
Chief  Justice,  P.  H.  Walker,  Rushville ;  Clerk,  William  A.  Turney,  Springfield.  3d  Division, 
Judge,  Charles  B.  Lawrence,  Warren  Co. ;  Clerk,  Lorenzo  Lelaiid,  Ottawa ;  Reporter,  N.  L. 
Freeman,  Springfield.  Salaries  of  Judges,  $1,200  each. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

1st  Circuit,  Charles  D.  Hodges;  2cl  Circuit,  Silas  L.  Bryan;  M  Circuit,  Monroe  C.  Crawford ; 
4th  Circuit,  Hiram  B.  Decius ;  5th  Circuit,  C.  L.  Higbee ;  Mh  Circuit,  George  W.  Pleasants  ;  1th 
Circuit,  Erastus  S.  Williams;  8th  Circuit,  John  M.  Scott;  9th  Circuit,  E.  S.  Leland ;  10th 
Circuit,  Arthur  A.  Smith;  llth  Circuit,  J.  McRoberts;  12th  Circuit,  James  M.  Pollock;  13th 
Circuit,  T.  D.  Murphy  ;  Uth  Circuit,  B.  R.  Sheldon;  15th  -Circuit,  Joseph  Sibley;  IWi  Circuit, 
S.D.  Puterbaugh;  llth  Circuit,  A.  J.  Gallagher;  mh  Circuit,  Edward  Y.Rice;  IWh  Circuit, 
John  Olney;  mh  Circuit,  Charity  H.  Wood;  -21st  Circuit,  Charles  Turner;  22tf  Circuit.  W. 
W.  Heaton  ;  2M  Circuit,  S.  L.  Richmond ;  24M,  Circuit,  Joseph  Gillespie ;  "25th  Circuit,  Richard 
S.  Canby ;  26M  Circuit,  A.  D.  Duff;  27tfi  Circuit,  James  Steele;  '2Sth  Circuit,  Sylvanus  Wilcox. 
Salary,  $1,000  each. 

SUPERIOR  COURT  OP  CHICAGO. 

Chief  Justice,  John  M.  Wilson. 

Associate  Justices,  Joseph  E.  Gary,  John  S.  Jamison  ;  Chief  Clerk,  Thomas  B.  Carter ;  Dep 
uty  Clerks,  U.  R.  Hawley,  John  H.  Batten.  Teims— First  Monday  in  each  month. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

1st  Division,  at  Cairo,  on  1st  Tuesday  in  November ;  M  Division,  at  Springfield,  the  Tuesday 
after  1st  Monday  in  January ;  3d  Division,  at  Ottawa,  1st  Tuesday  in  April. 

FINANCES. 

The  Treasurer's  account  is  presented  biennially.  The  following  is  a  sum 
mary  of  the  receipts  and  payments  for  two  years  as  found  in  the  report 
to  be  presented  to  the  legislature  in  1869. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  December,  1866,          -  -  -        $1,414,171.00 

Receipts  from  all  sources,  -    6,335,596.00 

$7,749,767.00 
Payments,  -  -    6,002,726.00 


Balance,  December,  1868,       -  1,747,041.00 

The  condition  of  the  several  funds  was  as  follows.  The  ordinary  and 
extraordinary  expenses  are  included  under  Revenue  fund.  Fractions  of  a 
dollar  omitted. 


Am't  paid  out  from  Dec. 
1,  1800  to  Dec.  1,  1868. 

Revenue  Fund $6(^423 .$2.276.7(>3 $2,126,434 

State  Debt  Fund 731.588 1,669,168 

Interest  Fund 538.548 1,128,373 

School  Fund 41,732 301,168 , 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Fund 33,&S2 860,184 , 

Unknown  and  Minor  heirs 1,149 4,338 

Deserter's  Fund 30,400 

Hancock  Co.  Interest  Fund 515 20,586 

Miscellaneous 331 44,612 


1,489,837 

1,129.882 

271,424 

892,043 

30,400 
20,194 
42,509 


Total $1,414,168 $6,335,592. $6,002,723 


318  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

STATE  DEBT. 

On  the  1st  of  December,  1860,  the  entire  bonded  debt  of  the  state  amount 
ed  to  $10,277,161.36.  This  was  increased  by  the  war  loan  of  July,  1861,  to 
$12,327,161.36.  On  the  1st  of  December,  1866,  the  entire  debt  amounted  to 
only  $8,638,252.21,  and  there  was  in  the  treasury  to  be  applied  to  the  reduc 
tion  of  this  debt,  $765,470.65.  The  debt,  at  that  time,  was  made  up  of  the 
following  items : 

Bank  and  Internal  Improvement  Stock $31,000.00 

Internal  Improvement  Stock 42,000.00 

New  Internal  Improvement  Stock 1,705,520.43 

New  Internal  Improvement  Interest  Stock 1,077,88(5.47 

Interest  Stock 680,469.23 

Liquidation  Bonds 198,372.00 

Refunded  Stock 1,201,000.00 

War  Bonds 945.200.00 

Normal  University  Bonds 64,000.00 

Thornton  Loan  Bonds 143,000.00 

Canal  Bonds  payable  in  New  York,  registered 514,000.00 

Canal  Bonds  payable  in  New  York,  unregistered 389,000.00 

Canal  Bonds  payable  in  London,  registered 715,606.67 

Canal  Bonds  payable  in  London,  unregistered 768,222.22 

Internal  Improvement  Scrip 18.795.80 

Interest  certificates,  canal  stock 16,869.20 

Canal  Scrip,  signed  by  Governor 2  616.97 

Balance  of  Canal  Claim 3,624.58 

Two  certificates  for  arrears  of  interest 1,002.58 

Total  indebtedness $8,638,252.21 

The  receipts  of  the  seven  per  cent,  gross  earnings  of  the  Illinois  Railroad  for  two  years,  were 
$923,565.59,  or  nearly  enough  to  defray  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  state  government.  This 
revenue  is  however  pledged  to  the  payment  of  interest-paying  state  indebtedness  until  the  ex 
tinction  thereof. 

The  amount  of  the  debt  outstanding,  December  1,  1868,  was  $5,988,453. 
The  interest  will  cease  upon  bonds  amounting  to  $151,311,  after  January  1, 
1869.  These,  with  liquidation  and  re-funded  stock  bonds,  amounting  in  the 
aggregate  to  $557,311,  the  state  can  redeem  at  pleasure.  The  remainder  of 
the  debt  matures  after  1870. 

EDUCATION. 

There  are  more  than  thirty  institutions  in  this  state,  bearing  the  name  of 
university  or  college,  a  part  of  which  arc  well  endowed,  furnishing  a  full 
collegiate  course,  and  conferring  degrees,  while  a  part  are  of  no  higher  grade 
than  many  academics  or  seminaries  in  the  eastern  states. 

The  State  Industrial  University,  founded  by  an  act  of  the  legislature,  ap 
proved,  February  28,  1867,  and  located  between  the  cities  of  Champaign 
and  Urbana,  Champaign  county,  was  opened  in  1868,  with  a  faculty  nearly 
complete,  and  a  good  number  of  students.  Its  course  of  instruction  includes 
the  following  departments :  Science,  Literature  and  Arts ;  Agriculture ;  Me 
chanical  Science,  and  Art ;  Military  Tactics,  and  Engineering ;  Mining  and 
Metallurgy ;  Civil  Engineering :  Analytical,  and  applied  Chemistry ;  Natural 
History,  Practical  Geology,  &c. ;  Commercial  Science,  and  Art.  Students 


1869.]  ILLINOIS.  3^9 

regularly  admitted  are  allowed  to  take  such  studies  as  they  choose,  provided 
they  are  prepared  to  pursue  the  same  with  the  regular  classes. 

Various  collections  have  already  been  secured  for  cabinets  in  Natural 
Science,  and  the  apparatus  for  illustration  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
is  very  complete.  The  University  has  over  1,000  acres  of  improved  farming 
lands,  40  acres  of  which  have  been  set  apart  for  gardens,  nurseries,  and  spec 
imen  orchards ;  the  remainder  is  to  be  used  for  experimental  and  stock  farms, 
orchards,  and  collections  of  trees  and  plants.  The  manual  labor  system  has 
been  successfully  introduced,  the  students  being  compensated  for  the  work 
performed  in  proportion  to  their  ability  and  fidelity. 

The  state  superintendent  of  public  instruction  has  the  supervision  of  all 
the  public  schools  in  the  state.  He  is  authorized  to  make  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  he  may  think  necessary  and  expedient,  and  to  explain  and 
determine  to  other  school  officers  the  meaning  of  the  school  law. 

There  is  in  each  county,  a  county  superintendent  who  is  required  to  visit 
every  school  in  the  county  at  least  once  each  year,  to  note  the  methods  of 
instruction,  the  branches  taught,  ancl  the  general  condition  of  schools ;  to 
give  such  directions  as  may  be  necessary  in  the  science,  art,  and  methods  of 
teaching,  to  encourage  the  formation  of  teachers'  institutes,  and  to  report 
biennially  to  the  state  superintendent. 

Trustees  are  elected  annually  in  each  township,  who  are  authorized  to 
form  and  alter  school  districts,  apportion  school  money,  and  purchase  and 
hold  real  estate  for  school  purposes.  The  trustees  report  biennially  to  the 
county  superintendent. 

In  each  district,  there  are  three  school  directors,  (one  chosen  each  year  to 
hold  office  three  years,)  who  have  the  supervision  and  control  of  school  prop 
erty,  and  the  authority  to  levy  taxes  for  defraying  all  the  expenses  of  sup 
porting  free  schools,  repairing  school  houses,  and  procuring  furniture,  fuel, 
libraries  and  apparatus. 

No  teacher  is  authorized  to  teach  a  public  school  without  a  certificate  of 
qualification  issued  by  the  state  or  county  superintendent.  The  certificates 
issued  by  the  state  superintendent  are  of  perpetual  validity  in  every  county 
and  school  district  in  the  state.  County  certificates  are  valid  in  the  county 
for  one  and  two  years. 

The  State  Normal  University  was  first  opened  for  the  reception  of  students 
in  October,  1857.  It  is  pleasantly  located  in  Normal,  near  the  city  of  Bloom- 
ington,  has  ample  accommodations  and  extensive  grounds.  It  is  now  in  a 
very  prosperous  condition,  the  number  of  students  being  greater  than  ever 
before.  In  addition  to  its  regular  terms,  its  president  and  other  officers  have 
for  several  years  held  a  State  Institute  for  two  weeks  in  August,  which  has 
been  attended  by  hundreds  of  teachers,  many  of  whom  could  not  enjoy  the 
full  course  of  the  University.  County  Teachers'  Institutes  are  held  in  about 
half  of  the  counties  of  the  state. 

The  superintendent's  report  is  made  biennially.  The  following  statistics 
are  taken  from  the  last  report  presented  to  the  Legislature  in  1807. 


320  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  districts,  9,938 ;  number  of  schools,  9,945  ;  number  of  dis 
tricts  having  school  six  months  or  more,  9,003 ;  number  of  districts  having  no  school,  502 ; 
average  number  of  months  schools  have  been  kept,  6.57;  number  of  persons  between  the  ages 
of  6  and  21,— white,  759,987 ;  colored,  44,931 ;  number  of  pupils— male,  320,977 ;  female,  293,682; 
total,  (514,059  ;  number  of  teachers— male,  6,825 ;  female,  10,454  ;  total,  17,279 ;  number  of  schools 
—graded,  628 ;  private,  640 ;  number  of  scholars  in  private  schools,  20,907 ;  number  of  school 
houses,  9,753;  erected  during  the  year,  612. 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  to  teachers — male,  $240;  female.  $110;  lowest  monthly  wages 
paid  to  teachers — male,  $13;  female.  $6;  average  monthly  wages  paid  to  teachers — male,  $39.10; 
female,  $26.19 ;  amount  of  outstanding  district  debts,  $832,772 ;  surplus  in  treasury  belonging 
to  districts,  $464,872 ;  principal  of  funds— county,  $176,496 ;  township,  $3,987,405. 

Receipts.  Interest  on  school  fund,  $54,5(55 ;  State  two-mill  tax  fund,  $750,000 ;  interest  fund- 
county,  $17,059 ;  township,  $361,397 ;  proceeds  of  school  lands  sold,  $66,802 ;  district  taxes, 
$2,789,335  ;  fines  and  forfeitures,  $33,127  ;  miscellaneous,  $372,845 ;  total,  4,445,130. 

Expenditures.  Teachers'  wages,  $2,531,036;  school  house  sites  and  grounds,  $65,987; 
building  new  school  houses,  $830,889  ;  purchase  of  school  houses,  $13,779;  rent  of  school  houses, 
$18,752;  repairs  and  improvements,  $216,366;  school  furniture,  $62,982;  school  apparatus, 
$10,969;  books  for  school  libraries,  $4,199;  fuel  and  other  incidental  expenses,  $312,828;  com 
pensation  to  township,  $85,332 ;  miscellaneous,  $206,119. 

State  Normal  University,  Normal.  RICHARD  EDWARDS,  LL.  D.,  President.  Number 
of  students,  1867 — senior  class — ladies,  7;  gentlemen,  6;  total,  13;  middle  class — ladies,  32; 
gentlemen,  26;  total,  58;  junior  class — ladies,  167;  gentlemen,  89;  total,  256;  aggregate,  327 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  State  Charitable  Institutions  are  mostly  located  in  Jacksonville.  They 
have  been  liberally  supported  by  an  enlightened  public  spirit,  and  have  ac 
complished  much  in  relieving  the  wants  and  necessities  of  the  unfortunate. 
Each  institution  is  under  the  charge  of  a  separate  Board  of  Trustees  or  Di 
rectors,  which  has  the  appointment  of  the  local  officers  of  the  institution, 
and  which  reports  biennially  to  the  General  Assembly. 

The  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  receives  pupils  between  10  and  21 
years  of  age ;  those  from  Illinois  are  admitted  free  of  charge ;  those  from 
other  states  on  the  payment  of  $100  per  annum. 

The  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  was  opened  in  1857.  In  1865  and  1866, 
it  was  enlarged  by  an  addition  which  comprised  a  lateral  and  a  transverse 
wing,  each  100  feet  long,  by  43,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $75,000.  The  institu 
tion  can  now  accommodate  500  patients,  and  is  reported  in  a  highly  pros 
perous  condition.  It  has  a  large  and  productive  farm. 

The  Institution  for  the  Blind  was  originally  organized  by  the  citizens  of 
Jacksonville,  and  supported  for  a  year  by  their  liberal  donations.  The  Leg 
islature  in  1849,  passed  an  act  authorizing  a  special  tax  of  two-tenths  of  a 
mill  on  the  hundred  dollars  for  the  purchase  of  ground,  erection  of  build 
ings,  and  support  of  the  school.  The  amount  of  this  tax  was  more  than 
was  necessary,  and  this  law  was  repealed,  and  an  annual  appropriation  of 
$12,000  substituted.  The  buildings  for  the  use  of  the  Institution  are  con 
venient,  and  amply  furnished  with  every  article  conducive  to  the  welfare  of 
the  inmates.  Applicants  from  Illinois  are  admitted  free.  Pupils  are  em 
ployed  in  the  workshop  one  hour  a  clay,  the  remaining  portion  of  the  time 
is  devoted  to  literature  and  music,  in  which  all  are  permitted  to  join.  The 
male  pupils  are  taught  to  make  brushes  and  brooms,  and  to  weave  carpets. 
The  female  pupils  sew,  knit  stockings,  and  do  other  work. 


18C9.]  ILLINOIS.  321 

The  Institution  for  Idiots  and  Imbeciles,  was  established  by  an  act  of  the 
General  Assembly  passed  in  1865.  The  trustees  hired  the  residence  of  the 
late  Gov.  Duncan,  which  was  found  commodious,  and  three  pupils  were 
admitted  on  the  25th  of  May,  1865.  The  number  was  increased  during  the 
summer  to  nine,  and  in  the  autumn  others  were  received.  There  were  nearly 
100  applications  during  the  first  six  months. 

The  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  was  created  by  the  General  Assembly  in  1865 
and  nine  trustees  appointed  to  complete  the  organization. 

The  Illinois  State  Penitentiary  was  located  by  authority  of  an  act  of  the 
Legislature,  February  19,  1857,  at  Joliet,  and  on  the  22d  of  May,  1858,  fifty- 
three  prisoners  were  received  from  the  old  Penitentiary  at  Alton.  July  24, 
1860,  the  last  were  removed,  but  the  building  was  not  completed  until  1868. 

The  whole  area  of  land  pertaining  to  the  Penitentiary  is  72.19  acres; 
whole  area  within  main  wall,  sixteen  acres  ;  the  main  wall  is  twenty-five  feet 
high  and  six  feet  thick ;  there  are  one  hundred  cells  for  separate  system, 
seven  by  fifteen  feet,  and  fifteen  feet  high,  nine  hundred  cells  for  congregate 
system,  and  one  hundred  cells  for  females  four  by  seven  feet,  and  seven  feet 
high.  Each  cell  has  a  distinct  ventilating  tube  extending  to  roof,  with  two 
registers  in  each.  All  partitions,  floors,  and  ceiling  of  cells  are  formed  each 
of  one  stone,  eight  inches  thick.  The  buildings  and  walls  stand  on  rock 
foundation.  All  the  buildings  and  grounds  are  supplied  with  pure  water 
from  a  spring  at  the  bluff;  the  buildings  are  warmed  by  steam;  the  kitchen 
and  wash  rooms  are  furnished  with  steam  and  other  cooking  and  washing 
fixtures  of  the  most  modern  and  approved  kinds. 

The  engines  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  horse  power  each,  furnish  the  motive 
power  for  the  machinery,  running  nearly  1,500  feet  of  heavy  line  shafting. 
Altogether  it  is  one  of  the  most  complete  prisons  in  the  United  States,  as 
well  as  the  most  extensive  and  best  arranged  manufacturing  establishment 
in  the  West. 

Until  July,  1867,  the  labor  of  convicts  had  been  farmed  out  to  contractors, 
who  were  bound  to  meet  all  the  expenses  of  the  prison.  At  that  date  the 
state  assumed  entire  control.  A  Board  of  Commissioners  was  appointed  by 
the  Governor,  and  this  Board  selected  a  Warden,  who  has  the  general  man 
agement  of  the  prison,  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners. 

All  minors  under  the  age  of  eighteen,  except  for  the  crime  of  robbery, 
burglary,  or  arson,  convicted  of  any  criminal  offence,  are  exempted  from  pun 
ishment  in  the  Penitentiary.  They  may  be  fined  and  sent  to  county  jail,  or 
either,  for  misdemeanors,  but  for  higher  crimes  are  always  sent  to  the  county 
jail.  The  number  of  these  young  offenders  is  steadily  increasing  in  the  State. 

The  Governor  in  his  last  biennial  message,  recommended  the  establish 
ment  of  a  State  Reform  School  for  this  class,  where  they  would  not  be  ex 
posed  to  association  with  older  and  more  hardened  criminals. 

Illinois  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Jacksonville. 
PHILIP  G.  GILLETT,  A.  M.,  Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  September  1,  18(54.  224;  number 
admitted  in  two  years  ending  November  30,  1806,  5(5 ;  whole  number,  301 ;  number  in  actual  at 
tendance,  200;  number  honorably  discharged  in  the  two  years,  87;  graduated,  1(5;  died,  3;  aver 
age  attendance,  187 ;  number  in  attendance  September  1,  18G8,  250. 
21 


322  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

Illinois  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Jacksonville.  ANDREW  MCFARLAND,  M.  D., 
Superintendent.  Number  of  patients  in  hospital,  December  1,  1864,  301.  Number  admitted 
during  the  two  years  ending  December  1, 1866,  males,  232;  females,  214 ;  total,  446.  Discharged 
within  two  years,— recovered,  146;  unrecovered,  167;  improved,  53;  eloped,  15;  died,  48; 
total,  429.  Remaining  December  1,  1866,  318.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity  in  cases  admitted 
—domestic  trouble,  33  ;  religious  excitement,  32 ;  business  anxieties,  16  ;  death  of  friends,  13 ; 
puerperal,  22 ;  disappointed  love,  15;  over  exertion,  13;  vicious  indulgences,  25  ;  epilepsy,  12 ; 
hereditary,  19 ;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  248 ;  total,  446.  Occupations— domestic  duties, 
191;  farmers,  135;  laborers,  40;  students,  32;  carpenters,  8;  teachers,  7 ;  miscellaneous,  33; 
total,  446.  Civil  condition— single,  198;  married,  211;  widowed,  37;  total,  446.  Nativity— 
American,  312 ;  foreign,  134;  total,  446. 

Illinois  Institution  for  Education  of  the  Blind,  Jacksonville.  JOSHUA  RHODES, 
M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  December  1,  1866— males,  40;  females,  40;  total,  80. 

Illinois  Institution  for  Idiots  and  Imbeciles,  Jacksonville.  C.  T.  WILBUR,  M.  D., 
Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  admitted  since  organization  of  institution,  34.  Discharged, 
8.  Remaining  December  1,  1866,  26. 

Illinois  State  Penitentiary,  Joliet.  B.  DORNBLASER,  Warden.  Whole  number  of  con 
victs  December  1. 1864,  586;  number  received  during  the  year,  1,226 ;  number  discharged— by 
expiration  of  sentence,  516 :  by  pardons,  168 ;  by  order  Supreme  Court,  1 ;  delivered  to  Sheriff 
on  indictment  for  murder,  1 ;  died,  29 ;  escaped,  24 ;  total,  739.  Number  of  convicts  December 
1, 1866, 1,073 ;  of  these  762  were  born  in  the  United  States,  and  311  in  foreign  countries.  There 
were  committed— for  larceny,  703 ;  robbery,  76 ;  burglary,  69  ;  assault  to  kill,  37  ;  murder,  31 ; 
manslaughter,  29 :  rape,  28 ;  passing  counterfeit  money,  19 ;  burglary  and  larceny,  13 ;  forgery, 
12;  receiving  stolen  property,  7  ;  arson,  9;  miscellaneous,  40;  total,  1,073.  Whole  number 
December  1, 1867,  1,043. 

POPULATION. 

In  this  state,  a  census  is  taken  every  ten  years  by  commissioners  appointed 
by  the  County  Courts.  The  last  census  was  taken  June  30,  1865,  when  the 
population  amounted  to  2,141,510,  a  gain  of  429,056  since  1860.  The  popu 
lation  at  different  periods  since  its  organization  as  a  territory,  was  as  follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1810 11,501 613 168 12,282 

1820 53,788 457 917 55,162 349.53 

1830 155,061 1,637 747 157,445 185.17 

1840 472,254 3,598 331 476,183 .202.44 

1850 846,034 5,436 851,470 78.81 

I860 1,704,323 7,628 1,711,951 101.06 

1865 2,124,170 17,340 2,141,510 25.09 

The  population  of  1865  was  classified  as  follows— white  males,  1,093,111:  white  females, 
1,033,059;  colored  males,  9,112;  colored  females,  8,228.  The  increase  of  population  has  been 
more  than  100  per  cent,  for  every  decade,  except  from  1840  to  1850. 

This  state  extends  through  more  than  five  degrees  of  latitude,  presenting 
a  variety  in  climate  and  adaptation  to  different  products.  Its  soil  and  situ 
ation  are  peculiarly  favorable  to  agriculture  which  has  been  the  principal 
branch  of  industry  pursued.  In  1860,  it  surpassed  all  other  states  in  wheat 
and  corn  products,  yielding  nearly  one-seventh  of  the  entire  crop. 

It  is  also  rich  in  minerals,  the  coal  fields  being  estimated  at  44,000  square 
miles,  and  the  lead  mines  are  among  the  most  valuable  in  the  world. 

The  Illinois  coal  field  stretches  from  the  Mississippi  near  Rock  Island, 
eastward  toward  Fox  river,  thence  southeast  through  Indiana,  and  south 
ward  into  Kentucky,  occupying  the  greater  part  of  Illinois,  the  southwestern 
portion  of  Indiana,  and  the  northwestern  part  of  Kentucky,  measuring  375 
miles  in  length  from  northwest  to  southeast,  and  200  in  width  from  St. 
Louis  eastward,  estimated  to  contain  1,277,500,000,000  tons  of  coal,  sufficient 


1869.]  ILLINOIS.  323 

to  furnish  an  annual  supply  of  13,000,000  tons  for  nearly  a  hundred  thou 
sand  years.  The  present  annual  product  of  the  state  is  1,500,000  tons,  the 
amount  increasing  every  year. 

The  great  lead  district  of  the  Mississippi  river  occupies  a  portion  of 
northwestern  Illinois,  southwestern  Wisconsin,  and  northeastern  Iowa,  cov 
ering  an  area  of  1,000.000  acres,  one-sixth  of  which  lies  in  Illinois.  Iron 
ore  has  been  mined  in  Hardin  County,  on  the  Ohio.  Copper  has  been  found 
in  several  counties ;  also  marble,  crystallized  gypsum,  quartz  crystal,  and 
silex  for  glass  manufacture  ;  salt  also  exists  in  the  southern  counties,  while 
small  quantities  of  gold  and  silver  have  been  obtained  in  the  lead  district. 

The  value  of  real  estate  and  personal  property  for  1850  is  reported  in  the 
United  States  census  at  $156,265,006,  and  for  1860  at  $871,860,282,  being 
an  increase  in  the  ten  years  of  $715,595,276  or  450  per  cent.  In  1866,  the 
governor  estimated  the  whole  wealth  of  the  state  at  not  less  than 
$1,200,000,000. 

The  railroad  system  is  on  an  extensive  scale.  At  the  close  of  1867,  3,160 
miles  were  completed  and  in  operation,  and  812  miles  more  were  in  course  of 
construction,  making  in  the  aggregate  3,979  miles,  or  one  mile  of  railroad 
to  14  square  miles  of  territory. 

In  addition  to  the  facilities  thus  afforded  to  commerce,  a  canal  has  been 
constructed  from  Lake  Michigan  at  Chicago,  to  La  Salle  on  the  Illinois  river, 
100  miles  in  length,  affording  communication  by  water  between  the  lakes 
and  the  Mississippi. 

According  to  the  State  census,  the  value  of  manufactured  products  for  18G5  was  $63,356,013. 
The  leading  city  in  the  state  is  Chicago,  which  had  in  1837,  a  population  of  4,170;  in  1850, 
29,963  ;  in  1860, 110,973 ;  in  1865,  178,539,  and  in  1867,  over  200,000.  Twenty-four  lines  of  railroad 
connecting  various  points  in  the  state,  center  here,  and  200  trains  of  cars  daily  arrive  and  de 
part.  It  is  now  the  most  extensive  grain  and  lumber  market  in  the  world.  The  number  of 
buildings  erected  in  the  city  in  1867  was  7,500  at  a  cost  of  $7,500,000.  The  receipts  and  ship* 
ments  of  Chicago  for  the  same  time,  were  as  follows : 

Articles.  Received.  Shipped.  Articles.  Received.  Shipped. 

Flour,  bis 1,814,286 l,S59,p95  Cut  Meats,  Ibs 11,607,264 80,780,862 

Wheat,  bu.........  13.090,868 10,360,458  Pork,  bis 71,331 168,783 

Cora,  bu 23,018.827 20,213,790  Lard,  Ibs 9,837,362 34,514,305 

Oats,  bu 10.988,617 9,632,146  Hides,  Ibs 22,983,017 20,721,953 

Rye,  bu 1,306,204 1,095,523  Lumber,  ft 861,912,900 532,118,000 

Barley,  bu 2,246,446 1,680,950  Shingles,  No 432,261,000 401,815,000 

Seeds,  Ibs 25.416,123 11,263,227  Lath,  No 143,847,000 102,609,000 

Products  in  1866.  Indian  corn,  155,844,350  bush. ;  value,  $67,013.070.  Wheat,  28,551,421 
bush. ;  value,  $55,104,243.  Oats,  30,054,370  bush. ;  value,  $9.917,942.  Barley,  1,037,753  bush. ; 
value,  $705,672.  Potatoes.  5,102,035  bush.;  value,  $3,265,302.  Tobacco,  17,546,981  pounds; 
value,  $1,631,470.  Hay,  2,340,063  tons  ;  value.  $21,692,384. 

Assessment.  The  assessment  of  1866  gave  as  the  value  of  miscellaneous  property— goods 
and  merchandise,  $21,237,683;  bankers  property,  $330,337;  manufactured  articles,  $2.211,981; 
moneys  and  credits,  $21,912,979;  bonds,  stocks,  etc.,  $3,369,756;  miscellaneous  property,  $488,- 
727 ;  unenumerated  property,  $18,827,432.  The  number  of  horses  was  828,628,  valued  at  $32,- 
090.687 ;  cattle,  1,464,866,  valued  at  $16,961,592 :  sheep,  2,550,850,  valued  at  $3,457,686 ;  hogs,  2,581,- 
481,  valued  at  $5,178,830. 

Banks.    There  are  eighty-three  National  Banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $12,070,000. 


324  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


9.    INDIANA. 

Capital,  Indianapolis.  Area,  33,809  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  1,350,428. 
This  State  was  settled  at  Vincennes,  by  French  emigrants  from  Canada, 
about  1730.  It  was  organized  into  a  territory,  May  7,  1800,  from  which 
Michigan  was  set  off  in  1805,  and  Illinois  in  1809.  Its  constitution  was 
adopted,  June  29,  1816,  and  the  State  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  Decem 
ber  11,  of  the  same  year. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor CONRAD  BAKER Evansville $3,000 

Lieutenant  Governor WILL  CUMBACK Indianapolis * 

Secretary  of  State M.  F.  A.  HOFFMAN Indianapolis 2,000 

Auditor  of  State JOHN  D.  EVANS Indianapolis 2,500 

Treasurer  of  State NATHAN  KIMBALL Indianapolis 3,000 

Attorney  General D.  E.  WILLIAMSON Indianapolis 1,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction .  BARNABAS  C.  COBB Indianapolis 1,300 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  Auditor, 
Attorney  General  and  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  are  chosen  by 
the  people  at  the  general  election,  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October. 
The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  hold  office  four  years,  and  the  others 
two  years. 

The  Senators,  50  in  number,  and  Representatives,  98  in  number,  are  chosen 
at  the  general  election  in  October.  The  regular  sessions  of  the  Legislature 
occur  biennially  in  January  1869 — 1871 — &c. 

The  right  of  suffrage  is  extended  to  every  white  male  citizen,  21  years  of 
age,  who  has  resided  in  the  State  six  months,  and  to  every  white  male  of 
foreign  birth  who  has  resided  in  the  United  States  one  year,  and  in  the  State 
six  months,  and  has  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judiciary  consists  of  a  Supreme  Court,  Circuit  Courts,  and  a  Court 
of  Common  Pleas.  The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  four  Judges,  chosen  by 
the  people  at  a  general  election,  for  a  term  of  seven  years.  Its  jurisdiction 
is  distinctively  appellate,  but  its  judges  may  award  and  determine  writs  of 
habeas  corpus. 

The  judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  are  elected  for  six  years,  and  the  judges 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  four  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  David  Davis.  District  Judge,  David  McDonald.  District  Attorney,  A.  Kilgore. 
Marshal,  Benjamin  J.  Spooner.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Court,  J.  D.  Howland. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Judges,  John  T.  Elliott,  New  Castle ;  James  S.  Frazer,  Warsaw  ;  Robert  C.  Gregory,  Lafay 
ette  ;  Charles  A.  Ray,  Indianapolis. 

Clerk,  Laz.  Noble,  Indianapolis.    Reporter,  Benjamin  Harrison,  Indianapolis. 


*  $3.00  per  day  during  session  of  Legislature. 


I8G9.]  INDIANA.  325 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

Judge— 1st  Circuit,  John  G.  Berkshire:  Id  Circuit,  George  A.  Bicknell;  M  Circuit,  John 
Baker ;  4tfi  Circuit,  J.  M.  Wilson ;  5th  Circuit,  John  Coburn ;  6th  Circuit,  Delana  R.  Eckles  ; 
^th  Circuit,  Joseph  S.  Buckle? ;  Sth  Circuit,  John  M.  Cowan;  9th  Circuit,  Andrew  L.  Osborn; 
Wth  Circuit,  Robert  Lowry ;  llth  Circuit,  H.  P.  Biddle;  mh  Circuit,  Charles  H.  Test;  13th 
Circuit,  Silas  Colgrove  ;  14th  Circuit,  William  F.  Parrett. 

TERMS  OP  COURTS. 

The  Supreme  Court  holds  sessions  in  Indianapolis,  semi-annually,  on  the  4th  Monday  of  May 
and  November,  each  year. 

Two  terms  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and  three  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  are  held  annually 
in  each  county. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  on  hand  November  1,  1806,  $381,521.89 

Receipts  during  the  year  ending  October  31,  1867,         -        -  4,210,336.44 


Total,      ---------          $4,591,858.33 

Warrants  drawn  during  the  year,  ------       4,446,505.54 


Balance  in  the  Treasury  October  31,  1867,  -         -         -         -       $145,352.79 

There  was  due  to  the  following  Funds :  Saline  Fund,  $35,492.19 ;  Bank  Tax  Fund,  $24,715.37 ; 
Surplus  Revenue  Fund,  $854.93;  Three  per  cent.  Fund,  $32.12;  Funds  from  Estates  without 
heirs,  $16,744.88;  Common  School  Fund,  $47,665.50;  State  Debt  Sinking  Fund,  $44,392.89; 
Swamp  Land  Fund,  $59,804.17.  Total,  $229,702.05.  Showing  a  deficit  of  $84,349.26. 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  condition  of  the  debt  of  the  State, 
October  31,  1867 : 

Five  per  cent.  Certificates  of  Stock,  -     $3,754,236.33 

Six  per  cent.  War  Loan  Bonds, 237,000.00 


$3,991,236.33 

Of  the  Vincennes  University  Bonds,  which  do  not  properly  come  under 
the  head  of  the  public  debt,  there  were  -  $65,585.00 

Of  the  School  Fund  Bonds  3,367,082.15 

In  accordance  with  an  act  approved  December  21, 1865,  notice  was  given  that  the  State  Debt 
Sinking  Fund  Commissioners  would  redeem  on  July  1,  1867,  at  the  office  of  the  Agent  of  the 
State,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  so  much  of  the  outstanding  two  and  one-half  per  cent.  Certifi 
cates  of  Stock,  as  the  fund  at  the  disposal  of  the  Board  would  permit. 

At  a  meeting  of  Commissioners,  it  was  found  that  certificates  of  stock  amounting  to  $877,- 
377.60  had  been  presented,  and  that  there  were  certificates  outstanding  and  subject  to  redemp 
tion,  which  would  make  the  aggregate  amount  $1,183,187.55,  while  there  was  of  the  fund  in  the 
hands  of  the  Agent  of  the  State,  but  $917,381.57.  The  balance,  $265,805.98,  was  drawn  from  the 
general  fund  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Commissioners  also  redeemed,  in  1867,  of  the  war  loan  $39,000 ;  and  of  five  per  cent,  cer 
tificates  $40,450,  making  an  aggregate  of  $1,295.637.55,  or  nearly  one  fourth  of  the  entire  in 
debtedness  of  the  State  redeemed  during  the  year. 

EDUCATION. 

Seven  different  religious  denominations  have  colleges  or  universities  under 
their  care  and  patronage,  a  portion  of  which  are  endowed  and  supplied 
with  convenient  buildings,  and  suitable  apparatus  and  libraries. 

The  State  University  at  Bloornington  has  an  endowment  of  $90,000,  and 


326  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1SG9. 

buildings  and  other  property  valued  at  $50,000.     A  law  department  is  con 
nected  with  this  institution. 

The  public  schools  are  under  the  supervision  of  a  Superintendent  of  Pub 
lic  Instruction,  elected  by  the  people,  who  reports  biennially  to  the  legis 
lature. 

In  each  county  an  Examiner  is  appointed  to  examine  teachers  and  visit 
schools,  under  the  direction  of  County  Commissioners  who  determine  the 
amount  of  time  to  be  occupied  by  the  examiner  in  his  official  duties.  The 
commissioners  also  report  annually  to  the  State  Superintendent. 

The  law  provides  for  the  appointment  in  each  city  and  township  of  three 
school  Trustees  who  have  the  local  supervision  of  schools,  and  of  a  Board 
of  Directors  who  have  the  care  and  management  of  school  property. 

Much  has  been  done  for  the  improvement  of  schools  within  a  few  years. 
The  standard  of  qualifications  of  teachers  has  been  elevated,  school  funds 
have  been  increased,  and  the  income  wisely  distributed,  and  the  supervision 
of  schools  has  been  more  thorough  and  effective.  A  State  Normal  School 
was  established  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  December  26,  1865, 
and  located  in  the  city  of  Terre  Haute,  which  contributed  $50,000  in  money, 
and  a  lot  of  land  worth  $25,000  for  its  use.  The  building,  the  corner  stone 
of  which  was  laid  in  August,  1867,  will,  when  completed,  be  one  of  the 
finest  Normal  School  buildings  in  the  country.  The  plan  of  the  institution 
provides  for  a  Normal  School  proper,  a  Model  High  School,  and  a  Model 
Primary  Training  School,  all  in  the  same  building. 

City  training  schools  have  been  established  at  Indianapolis,  Fort  "Wayne, 
Evansville,  and  other  places. 

A  Teachers'  Institute  is  required  to  be  held  in  each  county,  by  the  county 
examiners,  as  often  as  once  a  year.  The  Institutes  are  well  attended  and 
are  producing  good  results. 

The  School  Fund  of  the  State,  amounting  in  1866  to  $7,613,490.35,  is  one 
of  the  largest  in  the  Union,  and  it  is  believed  it  will  soon  be  increased  to 
$10,000,000,  affording  important  aid  to  the  Public  Schools  of  the  State. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  townships,  982 ;  incorporated  towns,  93;  cities,  32;  num 
ber  of  school  districts  in  the  State.  8,309 ;  number  of  districts  in  which  schools  were  taught 
within  the  year,  8.166 ;  whole  number  of  children  between  6  and  21  years  of  age,  559,778.  Pupils 
attending— Primary  Schools,  390,714;  High  Schools,  12,098.  Average  daily  attendance— in 
Primary  Schools,  247,181 ;  in  High  Schools,  7,358.  Average  length  of  schools— in  days,  68  ;  in 
months  of  20  days  each.  3.4.  Number  of  teachers  employed — males,  5,330;  females,  4,163. 
Number  of  teachers  licensed — males,  4,079  ;  females,  3,373.  Average  compensation  of  teachers 
in  Primary  Schools,  per  month  of  20  days— males,  $36.60 ;  females,  $26.20 ;  in  High  Schools- 
males,  $62.00  :  females.  $33.32.  Average  cost  of  tuition,  per  month,  in  both  grades  of  schools, 
$1.16.  Expended  for  tuition,  $1,020,440.  Number  of  school-houses  built  within  the  year,  346. 
Total  value  of  school  property,  $4,515,734.  Number  of  school-houses — stone,  78;  brick,  566; 
frame.  6.145:  log,  1,096;  material  not  given,  346;  total  number  reported,  8,231.  Amount  of 
Special  School  Revenue  expended  within  the  year,  $666.672.  Volumes  in  Township  Library, 
265,388 :  volumes  taken  out  for  use  during  the  year,  84,957.  Amount  charged  by  Trustees  for 
managing  educational  matters.  $32,289.86.  Number  of  private  schools  taught  within  the  year, 
2,026.'  Number  of  pupils  attending  private  schools  within  the  year,  49,322.  « 

1  School  Revenues.  Taxes,  $910,585.37 ;  interest  on  Common  Fund,  $111,425.32 ;  liquor 
license,  $84,225 ;  unclaimed  fees,  $584.59;  State's  indebtedness,  $50,000;  interest  on  Congres 
sional  Funds,  $150,043.57 ;  amount  of  delinquencies,  $24,000 ;  total,  $1,330,863.79. 


1869.]  INDIANA.  337 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

Provision  lias  been  made  for  the  education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and 
for  the  treatment  of  the  Blind  and  Insane,  in  institutions  established  at  the 
capital,  placed  under  efficient  superintendents,  and  conducted  on  liberal  but 
economical  principles. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  was  established  in  1844,  its  buildings 
and  grounds  costing  $132,000. 

For  the  purposes  of  instruction,  the  pupils  are  divided  into  8  classes,  each 
consisting  of  from  18  to  24  pupils,  classified  according  to  attainment.  Scien 
tific  instruction,  illustrated  with  suitable  apparatus,  has  been  introduced 
into  the  highest  class.  TJie  boys  are  taught  trades,  principally  shoe  making 
and  cabinet  making,  and  the  girls  are  taught  the  use  of  the  needle. 

The  Institution  for  the  Blind  was  opened  in  1847,  in  buildings  which  cost 
about  $100,000.  In  1867  important  repairs  and  improvements  were  made 
to  the  buildings,  to  the  Astronomical  and  Philosophical  apparatus,  and  to 
the  Cabinet.  Object  teaching  has  been  introduced  and  successfully  prose 
cuted  with  the  usual  studies.  In  the  Industrial  Department,  the  boys  are 
occupied  in  making  brooms  and  brushes,  and  the  girls  in  a  variety  of  em 
ployments,  the  principal  being  the  making  of  bead  work. 

In  both  these  institutions  the  board  and  tuition  of  pupils  residing  in  the 
State  are  free  ;  the  annual  charge  to  those  from  other  States  is  $150. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Insane  was  opened  in  1848,  with  a  part  of  its  build 
ings  only  completed.  In  1865  an  act  was  passed  authorizing  the  enlarge 
ment  of  the  Asylum,  and  the  construction  of  the  buildings  was  commenced, 
but  further  appropriations  were  needed  for  their  completion. 

A  temporary  Soldiers'  and  Seamen's  Home  was  opened  in  the  city  hospital 
building  at  Indianapolis,  August  27,  1865.  In  1866,  the  Board  of  Directors 
purchased  the  property  known  as  the  "  Knightstown  Springs,"  in  Rush 
county,  at  a  cost  of  $8,500,  to  which  place  the  Home  was  removed  on  the 
26th  day  of  April.  The  farm  consists  of  fifty-four  acres  of  excellent  land, 
thirty-five  of  which  are  under  cultivation — the  balance  a  grove  of  forest 
timber.  The  buildings  are  commodious,  affording  ample  room  for  about  100 
patients. 

There  are  two  State  Prisons,  one  styled  the  State  Prison  North,  at  Michi 
gan  City,  and  the  other  the  State  Prison  South,  at  Jefferson ville.  In  the 
latter,  the  labor  of  the  convicts  is  let  out  to  contractors,  who  employ  them 
in  the  manufacture  of  agricultural  implements,  stoves,  buggies,  harnesses, 
and  shoes.  All  the  convicts  are  employed.  The  price  received  for  the  labor 
is  from  40  to  50  cents  per  day  for  each.  Under  this  arrangement,  the  insti 
tution  brings  no  profit  to  the  State,  but  is  about  self-sustaining.  The  ex 
penses  for  maintaining  and  guarding  convicts,  with  other  necessary  expenses, 
are  about  fifty  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

The  Governor  in  his  message  in  1867,  says  :  "The  reports  from  the  Boards 
of  Trustees,  and  the  Wardens  of  the  Northern  and  Southern  Prisons,  and 
other  information  I  have  received,  show  that  the  Prisons  have  been  well  and 
economically  conducted." 


328  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  House  of  Refuge  for  Juvenile  Offenders,  was  established  by  an  act  of 
the  General  Assembly,  approved  March  8, 1867,  and  placed  under  the  charge 
of  a  Board  of  Control,  consisting  of  three  Commissioners  appointed  by  the 
Governor.  The  institution  was  Igcated  near  Plainfield,  in  Hendricks  County, 
and  is  to  be  conducted  on  the  family  system,  the  plan  contemplating  one 
main  building  and  ten  family  buildings,  with  necessary  shops  and  other 
buildings  to  accommodate  500  boys.  A  portion  of  the  buildings  was  com 
pleted,  and  a  few  boys  were  received  in  18G8.  Boys  under  18  years  of  age 
may  be  committed  for  incorrigible  or  vicious  conduct,  vagrancy,  want  of  a 
suitable  home,  or  for  the  commission  of  any  crime  or  misdemeanor.  The 
expense  of  each  State  pupil  is  borne,  one-half  by  the  State  and  one-half  by 
the  county.  Private  pupils  may  be  received  on  certain  conditions,  by  the 
payment  of  expenses  by  parent  or  guardian. 

Indiana  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Indianapolis.  THOMAS  MC!NTIRE, 
Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  at  commencement  of  year,  102  ;  number  received  during  the 
year,  30;  number  discharged,  22;  died,  1.  Whole  number  instructed  during  the  year,  192;  num 
ber  remaining  in  the  institution,  October  31,  1867,  169.  Expenditures  for  the  year  were— on  ac 
count  of  current  expenses,  $34,212.41 ;  furnishing  goods,  and  repairs,  $2,803.23 ;  clothing  for  in 
digent  pupils,  $1,886.16.  Paid  over  to  the  State,  on  account  of  shops,  $3,477.12.  Receipts  from 
the  State  Treasury,  $39,102.04. 

Indiana  Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  Indianapolis.  W.  II.  CHURCH 
MAN,  Superintendent.  Whole  number  of  pupils  during  the  year — males,  55 ;  female.s,  68 ; 
total,  123.  Number  in  attendance  Nov.  1,  1867, — males,  42;  females,  54 ;  total,  96.  Number  of 
teachers — in  literary  department,  5  ;  in  music  department,  3 ;  instructors  in  handicraft,  2. 

Indiana  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Indianapolis.  WILSON  LOCKHAUT,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  inmates  September  1,  1868,  313.  Income,  $60,000  per  annum  from  Legislature,  and 
use  of  160  acres  of  land. 

Soldiers'  and  Seamens'  Home,  Rush  County.  Number  received  to  Nov.  30, 1S66,  224. 
Discharged,  134;  died,  14;  remaining,  76.  Expense,  $17,000.84. 

Indiana  State  Prison— South,  Jeffersonville.  J.  B.  MERRIWETHER,  Warden.  Number 
of  convicts,  September,  1868— males,  368 ;  females,  14 ;  total,  382. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  following  is  the  population  as  given  by  each  census  from  1800  to  1860,  with  ratio  of  in 
crease  for  each  decade : 

Population.  Inc.  per  cent.  Population.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1800 4,875 1840 685,806 99.94 

1810 45,365 402.97  1850 988,416 44.11 

1820 147,178 500.24  1860 1,350,428 33.63 

1830 343,031 133.07 

By  the  enumeration  of  1866,  the  State  had  a  population  of  840,240  white 
males  over  the  age  of  twenty-one,  which  number  multiplied  by  the  ratio 
usually  adopted,  would  give  a  population  of  over  1,700,000.  There  were  in 
1860,  1,339,000  whites,  and  11,428  blacks.  693,348  were  males,  645,362  were 
females.  Of  this  population,  1,232,244  were  native  born,  and  118,184  for 
eign  born. 

The  following  table  shows  the  nativity  and  number  of  the  principal  por 
tions  of  the  foreign-born  population  : 

Germany 66,705 England 9,304 Switzerland 3,813 

Ireland 24,495 France 6,176 Scotland 2,093 

A  very  large  proportion  of  the  surface  of  Indiana,  or  nearly  20,000,000 
acres  is  capable  of  cultivation,  most  of  it  very  fertile.  In  1860  there  were 


1809.]  INDIANA.  329 

158,714  farmers  in  the  State,  and  but  40,827  farm  laborers,  a  large  propor 
tion  of  the  tillers  of  the  soil  owning  the  land  they  cultivate.  Corn  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products,  the  former  yielding  on  the  bottom  lands,  with 
good  culture,  from  100  to  125  bushels  per  acre. 

This  State  by  the  last  census  was  the  first  in  the  Union  in  the  number  of 
swine  raised,  the  third  in  the  number  of  sheep,  and  the  fourth  in  the  num 
ber  of  horses.  The  whole  value  of  live  stock  then  returned  was  $50,116,964. 

The  southern  part  of  the  State  is  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  vine.  The 
first  successful  wine  manufactured  in  the  United  States  was  at  Vevay,  on 
the  Ohio. 

In  1860,  the  leading  articles  of  manufacture  were  flour,  meal,  and  lumber; 
$300,000  were  invested  in  forges  and  furnaces  for  working  iron;  about  $105,- 
000  worth  of  bar  and  other  rolled  iron ;  upwards  of  $400,000  worth  of  steam- 
engines  and  machinery,  and  about  $200,000  worth  of  iron  castings  were  made. 

The  whole  number  of  manufacturing  establishments  in  the  State  in  1860, 
was  5,120,  employing  21,300  hands,  and  consuming  raw  material,  inclusive 
of  fuel,  valued  at  $27,360,000,  with  a  capital  invested  of  $18,875,000,  and 
producing  an  annual  product  of  $43,250,000. 

The  great  coal  field  of  Illinois  extends  into  Indiana,  covering  in  the 
western  part  an  estimated  area  equal  to  7,700  square  miles,  or  more  than 
one-fifth  part  of  the  whole  surface.  On  White  river  the  seams  are  upwards 
of  six  feet  thick.  In  other  localities  seams  of  eight  feet  in  thickness  are 
found.  Some  of  the  coal  measures,  it  is  estimated,  are  capable  of  yielding 
50,000,000  bushels  to  the  square  mile.  At  Cannelton,  on  the  Ohio,  a  bed  of 
cannel  coal  is  found  from  three  to  five  feet  in  thickness,  at  an  elevation  of 
seventy  feet  above  the  river. 

Gold,  copper,  lead,  and  coal-oil  have  been  found,  but  not  enough  is  yet 
known  of  them  to  judge  of  their  paying  qualities.  Tlie  finest  varieties  of 
timber,  such  as  oak,  walnut,  poplar,  and  cherry,  abound  in  all  parts  of  the 
state,  and  the  annual  shipments  are  very  large.  In  Lawrence  county,  build 
ing  stone,  known  as  the  "White  River  or  Bedford  stone,"  is  found  in  large 
quantities,  and  shipped  to  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  Louisville,  &c. 

There  are  over  2,500  miles  of  railroads,  costing  more  than  $90,000,000,  and 
affording  excellent  facilities  for  a  profitable  traffic  which  is  annually  in 
creasing. 

Value  of  Property  and  Products.  In  1867,  the  value  of  lands  and  improvements  was 
$256,689,312 ;  value  of  town  lots  and  improvements,  $47,41)6,510 ;  value  of  personal  property, 
$155,095,015 ;  total  valuation,  $459,348,322 ;  valuation  of  property  from  which  no  reports  had 
been  received  for  1867,  as  taken  in  1866,  $118,520,757,  making  the  total  valuation  of  real  and  per 
sonal  property  in  the  State  in  1867,  $577,869,079. 

The  chief  products  in  1866,  were— corn,  127,676,247  bushels,  value  $56,177,548 ;  wheat,  9,114,562 
bushels,  value  $21,966,094;  rye,  345,144  bushels,  value  $355,498;  oats,  10,158,562  bushels,  value 
$3,555,497;  barley,  339,474  bushels,  value  $363,237;  buckwheat, -443,094  bushels,  value  $451,956; 
potatoes,  3,774,226  bushels,  value  $2,151,309;  tobacco,  8,205,973  pounds,  value  $689,302;  hay, 
1,088,932  tons,  value  $10,279,518. 

Banks.  There  were,  Sept.  30,  1868,  68  National  Banks  in  operation,  with  a  capital  of  $12,- 
867,000.  Three  National  Banks  have  been  closed. 


330  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

10.      IOWA. 

Capital,  Des  Moineg.  Area,  50,914  square  miles.  Population,  (1867),  902,040. 
Iowa  originally  formed  a  part  of  the  territory  purchased  from  France  in 
1803 ;  and  was  successively  connected  with  Missouri  and  Wisconsin  territories. 
A  settlement  was  made  at  Dubuque  in  1778,  by  a  colony  from  Prairie  Du 
Chien,  which  remained  over  tAventy  years.  Permanent  settlements  were 
commenced  about  1830,  at  Burlington  and  Dubuque,  by  emigrants  from 
Michigan  and  Illinois.  It  was  organized  as  a  territory  by  act  of  Congress 
in  June,  1838,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  December  25,  1846. 

GOVERNMENT 

OFFICE.  NAME  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor SAMUEL  MERRILL Des  Moines.  ..$2,500  and  $800 

[for  house  rent. 

Lieutenant  Governor JOHN  SCOTT Nevada G.OO  per  day. 

Secretary  of  State ED.  WEIGHT DCS  Moines 1,300  and  fees. 

Auditor  of  State JOHN  A.  ELLIOTT Des  Moines 1,300  and  fees. 

Treasurer  of  State SAMUEL  E.  RANKIN Des  Moines 2,000 

Register  State  Land  Office CYRUS  C.  CARPENTER Des  Moines 1,800 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction. . .  D .  FRANKLIN  WELLS Des  Moiucs 2,000 

Attorney  General HENRY  O'CONNOR Muscatine 1,500  a*nd  fees. 

STATE  MILITIA. 

Commander-in-  Chief. SAMUEL  MERRILL. 

Adjutant  and  Inspector  General NATHANIEL  B.  BAKER. 

Aides-de-  Camp Lieut.  Cols.  WM.  F.  SAPP,  S.  L.  GLASGOW,  AND  GEO.  COWIE. 

Special  Aides-de- Camp Lieut.  Colonels  FRANK  SUTTON,  AND  G.  J.  NORTH. 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  and  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc 
tion  are  chosen  each  odd  year  by  the  people,  to  serve  two  years,  and  until 
their  successors  are  qualified.  The  Register  of  the  State  Land  Office,  Secre 
tary  of  State,  Auditor,  and  Treasurer  are  elected  each  even  year,  for  the  same 
period.  They  enter  upon  their  duties  in  January  after  their  election.  The 
sessions  of  the  Legislature  are  biennial. 

The  Senators,  49  in  number,  are  chosen  for  four  years,  one-half  being  elect 
ed  every  two  years.  The  Representatives,  100  in  number,  are  elected  for  two 
years.  The  number  of  senators  cannot  be  less  than  one-third  nor  more  than 
one-half  the  number  of  representatives. 

Every  white*  male  citizen  who  has  been  a  resident  of  the  state  six  months, 
and  of  the  county  60  days  is  entitled  to  vote.  Persons  in  the  military, 
naval,  or  marine  service  of  the  United  States,  idiots,  the  insane,  and  those 
who  have  been  convicted  of  infamous  crimes  are  excluded. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Court,  and  such 
other  courts  as  the  General  Assembly  may  establish.  The  Supreme  Court, 
with  appellate  jurisdiction  only  in  chancery,  consists  of  four  Judges,  elected 
by  the  people  for  six  years,  the  one  having  the  shortest  time  to  serve  is 
Chief  Justice.  None  of  these  Judges  are  eligible  to  any  other  state  office 
until  the  time  for  which  they  were  elected  has  expired.  This  court  sits  for 
the  correction  of  errors  in  all  cases  at  law,  and  in  equity,  in  all  cases  tried  by 
*  An  amendment  to  the  constitution  striking  out  the  word  white  was  ratified  in  1868. 


1869.]  IOWA.  331 

the  second  method,  embracing  by  statute,  default  cases,  divorces,  foreclosure 
of  mortgages  and  tax  titles,  and  other  cases  in  equity  by  agreement  of  parties. 
It  also  exercises  supervisory  control  over  inferior  judicial  tribunals. 

The  District  Courts,  12  in  number,  exercise  general  original  jurisdiction, 
civil  and  criminal,  in  chancery  and  at  common  law,  where  not  otherwise 
provided  by  statute,  and  have  supervision  over  inferior  courts  to  prevent 
otherwise  irremediable  abuses.  The  General  Assembly  at  its  last  session, 
(1868),  established  twenty-four  circuits,  in  each  of  which  a  Circuit  Judge 
was  elected  in  November,  for  four  years.  These  Judges  enter  upon  their 
duties  January  4,  1869.  The  District  Judge,  with  the  two  Circuit  Judges 
in  the  District,  are  to  hold  general  term  courts  from  two  to  four  times  a  year. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge.  Samuel  H.  Miller.  District  Judge.  James  M.  Love.  District  Attoimey,  M.  D. 
Browning.  Marshal,  George  W.  Clarke.  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  W.  G.  Woodward.  Clerk 
of  District  Court,  J.  C.  Burns. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  John  F.  Dillon,  Davenport,  Scott  Co. 

Associate  Justices,  Chester  C.  Cole,  Des  Moines  ;  George  G.  Wright,  Des  Moines  ;  Joseph  M. 
Beck,  Fort  Madison,  Lee  Co.  Clerk,  Charles  Linderman,  Page  Co.  Reporter,  Edward  II.  Stiles, 
Wapello  Co.  Attorney  General,  Henry  O'Connor,  Muscatine  Co.  Salary  of  Judges,  $2,300  each. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

1st  District.  Judge,  Francis  Springer,  Louisa  Co. ;  Attorney,  Joshua  Tracy,  Des  Moines  Co. 
'M  District,  Judge,  Harvey  Tannehill,  Appanoose  Co. ;  Attorney,  James  B.  Weaver,  Davis  Co. 
M  District,  Judge,  James  G.  Day,  Fremont  Co.;  Attorney,  Charles  E.  Millard,  Mills  Co.  4th 
District,  Judge,  Henry  Ford,  Harrison  Co.  ;  Attorney,  Orson  Rice,  Dickinson  Co.  5th  District, 
Judge,  Hugh  W.  Maxwell,  Warren  Co. ;  Attorney.  Samuel  D.  Nichols,  GuthrieCo.  Wh  District, 
Judge,  Ezekiel  S.  Sampson.  Keokuk  Co. ;  Attorney,  Moses  M.  McCoid,  Jefferson  Co.  1th  Dis 
trict,  Judge,  J.  Scott  Richman,  Muscatine  Co. :  Attorney,  Lyman  A.  Ellis,  Clinton  Co.  Sth  Dis 
trict,  Judge,  James  H.  Rothrock,  Cedar  Co. ;  Attorney,  C.  R.  Scott,  Jones  Co.  Wi  District,  Judge, 
James  Burt,  Dubuque  Co.;  Attorney,  Matthew  M.  Trumbull,  Black  Hawk  Co.  IWi  District, 
Judge,  Mile  McGlathery,  Fayette  Co.;  Attorney,  L.  O.  Hatch,  Allamakee  Co.  llth  District, 
Judge,  Daniel  D.  Chase,  Hamilton  Co. ;  Attorney,  John  H.  Bradley,  Marshall  Co.  IWi  District, 
Judge,  William  B.  Fairfield,  Floyd  Co. ;  Attorney.  John  E.  Burke,  Bremen  Co.  Salaries  of  Dis 
trict  Judges,  $1,500  each  ;  of  District  Attorneys,  $800  each  and  fees. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

Besides  the  regular  General  Terms  of  the  Supreme  Court,  at  Des  Moines.  beginning  respect 
ively  on  the  first  Mondays  of  June  and  December,  for  the  convenience  of  the  eastern  counties, 
two  Argument  Terms  are  held  at  Davenport  on  the  first  Mondays  respectively,  of  April  and 
October. 

FINANCES. 

The  reports  of  the  Treasurer  and  Auditor  are  made  biennially.  The  fol 
lowing  account  of  the  finances  of  the  state  is  for  the  two  years  included  in 
the  last  reports  to  the  Governor  and  General  Assembly,  January,  1868. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  November  5,  1865,  exclusive  of  United  States  Treas 
ury  Notes  belonging  to  Permanent  School  Fund,  -  -         $358,243.50 
Receipts  from  Nov.  5,  1865,  to  Nov.  2,  1867,         -  1,355,565.50 

Total  Receipts  and  Balance,  ....      $1,713,809.00 

Expenditures,         -  1,616,068.55 

Balance  in  Treasury,  November  2, 1867,         -  -  $97,740.45 


332  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

CONDITION  OP  THE  PRINCIPAL  FUNDS. 

Balance  Nov.  5,  1305.  Receipts.  Disbursements.  Balance  Nov.  2,  1807. 

General  Revenue $330,093.47 $1,067,819.18 $1,821,71)8.17 $82,114.48 

War  and  Defense  Fund 7,890.52 7,890.52 

Permanent  School  Fund. . .  11,132.18 3,005.24 8,12G.94 

Temporary  School  Fund.. .  30,849.08 29,179.71 1,000.37 

Swamp  Land  Fund 21,293.55 88,053.25 104,991.20 4,355.00 

Dictionary  Fund 32.00 293.98 305.98 20.00 

Coupon  Fund 824.48 70,259.21 69,629.03 1,454.00 

Railroad  Tax  Fund 79,208.10 79,268.10... 


$358,243.50  $1,355,505.50  $1,616,008.55  $97,740.45 

The  estimated  expenditures  exclusive  of  extraordinary  appropriations  for  the  two  years 
ending  November,  1809,  were  $941,039.31. 

RESOURCES  OF  THE  STATE. 

Balance  of  Revenue  in  State  Treasury $82,114.48 

Balance  of  State  Revenue  due  from  counties 357,876.07 

Balance  of  Insane  Hospital  dues  due  from  counties * 78,290.38 

Balance  of  Federal  Tax  due  from  counties 2,112.20 

Balance  of  Blind  Asylum  clothing  account  due  from  counties 209.52 

Amount  due  from  Banks 13,798.09 

Tax  of  1867,  based  on  valuation 041,292.88 

Tax  of  1868,  estimated  at  2$  mills 050,000.00 

Railroad  Tax  estimated  for  1808  and  1869 50,000.00 

Estimated  balance  due  from  United  States  Government 300,000.00 


Total  Resources $2,175,754.22 

Aggregate  assessed  value  of  property,  1807 250,517,184.00 

STATE  INDEBTEDNESS. 
Bonds  issued  to  the  Permanent  School  Fund  of  the  state,  dated  Nov.  12,  18G4, 

interest  payable  on  the  1st  days  of  January  and  July  in  each  year,  at  8 

per  cent.,  $122,295.75 

Iowa  7  per  cent.  Bonds  payable  in  New  York,  January  1,  1868, 

issued  under  Chap.  7,  Acts  1858,  200,000.00 

War  and  Defense  Fund  7  per  cent.  Bonds  issued  under  Chap. 

16,  Acts  of  extra  Session,  1861,  -      300,000.00 

Total,  -  $622,295.75 

The  bonds  due  January  1,  1868,  have  been  provided  for  and  paid  as  far 
as  presented.  At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  1867,  there  was  not  a  single 
outstanding  warrant  drawing  interest,  and  an  extra  tax  of  1  1-4  mills  on  the 
dollar  on  the  valuation  of  the  state  would  pay  the  entire  state  indebtedness. 

EDUCATION. 

The  State  University  at  Iowa  City  is  permanently  established  by  the  Con 
stitution,  and  placed  under  the  control  of  the  General  Assembly.  It  has  an 
endowment  in  land,  mortgage  notes  and  other  property  of  $195,582.36  from 
which  an  income  of  $18,317  was  derived  in  1867.  Nearly  all  the  lands  be 
longing  to  the  University  have  been  sold  and  its  productive  capital  will  not 
be  largely  increased  except  by  additional  appropriations.  It  has  a  Normal 
Department  which  has  been  of  important  service  in  preparing  teachers  for 
the  public  schools. 


1869.]  IOWA.  333 

There  are  eight  other  Colleges  and  Universities,  and  more  than  fifty  acad 
emies  and  seminaries  in  successful  operation,  nearly  all  of  which  have  been 
founded  within  the  last  fifteen  years.  Many  of  these  are  rapidly  increasing 
in  strength  and  influence.  The  Agricultural  College  has  one  of  the  most 
imposing  and  substantial  buildings  in  the  state,  and  has  connected  with  it 
an  experimental  farm  of  648  acres. 

This  institution  was  founded  in  1858,  but  for  various  causes,  the  buildings 
were  not  completed  for  the  reception  of  students  until  1868.  The  college 
building  will  accommodate  about  200  students  ;  and  will  be  provided  with 
apparatus,  laboratory,  library,  and  cabinets. 

A  portion  of  the  farm  is  already  under  cultivation,  and  comprises  plough- 
land,  meadow,  orchard,  and  garden.  At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1868, 
the  stock  on  the  farm  was  valued  at  $8,260,  and  the  agricultural  implements 
at  $1,460.  Students  are  to  pass  a  portion  of  the  time  in  experimental  farm 
ing  and  gardening. 

The  public  school  system  which  has  been  in  operation  about  ten  years  has 
already  developed  an  active  interest  in  education.  Superior  school  build 
ings  have  been  provided,  graded  schools  established,  and  a  commendable 
spirit  is  manifested  in  efforts  to  secure  teachers  of  higher  qualifications. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  instruction  has  the  general  supervision  of 
the  public  schools  of  the  state,  and  devotes  his  entire  time  to  their  improve 
ment. 

The  s}Tstem  of  supervision  by  county  superintendents  has  been  quite  suc 
cessful,  the  exceptions  being  caused  mainly  by  the  want  of  adequate  com 
pensation  in  some  counties  to  secure  competent  officers. 

Each  civil  township  constitutes  a  school  district  and  has  a  local  Board  of 
Directors ;  the  tax  for  the  payment  of  teachers  and  incidental  expenses  of 
sub-districts  being  levied  upon  the  whole  township.  The  Board  of  Directors 
may  appoint  one  person  to  have  the  general  supervision  of  the  schools  of  the 
district,  and  may  establish  township  graded  schools  whenever  they  may  be 
necessary. 

The  Normal  Department  of  the  University  which  was  opened  in  1855,  has 
given  Normal  instruction  to  more  than  1,000  teachers. 

There  is  an  excellent  training  school  at  Davenport ;  this  and  other  similar 
institutions  more  recently  organized  have  secured  the  introduction  of  better 
methods  of  instruction  and  training,  and  elevated  the  character  of  primary 
schools.  Efforts  have  been  made  for  the  establishment  of  Normal  Schools 
for  the  state. 

During  the  ten  years  from  1858  to  1867  inclusive,  431  Institutes  were  held 
with  an  estimated  attendance  of  28,000  teachers,  and  at  a  total  cost  to  the 
state  of  about  $21,600.  The  annual  expenditures  for  school  purposes 
during  this  time  increased  from  $393,720.08  to  $2,069,597.82. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  township  districts  (including  independent  districts)  in  f867, 
1,321 ;  increase  since  1866,  126.  Number  of  sub-districts  in  1867,  6,168;  increase,  242.  Number 
of  districts  in  1857,  3,265 ;  increase  in  ten  years,  2,903 ;  number  of  persons  between  the  ages 
of  five  and  twenty-one  years,  in  1867— males,  192,607;  females,  180,362;  total,  372,969;  increase 
in  one  year,  24,471.  Number  of  persons  between  five  and  twenty-one  years  of  age,  in  1657, 


334  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1860. 

195,285 ;  increase  in  ten  years,  177,684.  Number  of  schools  in  1867,  6,229  ;  increase  since  18G6, 
329 ;  number  of  schools  in  1857, 2,703  ;  increase  in  ten  years,  3,521 ;  number  of  pupils  attending 
school  in  1867,  257,281;  increase  since  1866,  15,454;  increase  in  ten  years,  177,011.  Average 
school  attendance  in  1867,  148,620;  increase  since  1866,  12,446.  Number  of  teachers  employed 
in  1867— males,  3,676 ;  females,  6,667 ;  total,  10,343 ;  increase  since  1866, 1,000 ;  increase  in  ten  years, 
7,347.  Average  compensation  of  male  teachers  per  week  in  1867,  $8.97 ;  increase  since  I860, 
$0.57 ;  increase  in  ten  years,  $2.88.  Average  compensation  of  female  teachers  per  week,  in 
1867,  $6,16;  increase  since  1866,  $0.22;  increase  in  ten  years,  $2,92.  Number  of  day  schools 
taught  in  1867— summer,  315,948 ;  winter,  332,732  ;  total,  648,680 ;  increase  since  1866,  18.7G5  ; 
increase  in  ten  years,  480,404.  Average  cost  of  tuition  per  week  for  each  pupil  in  1867— summer, 
$0.34 ;  winter,  $0.35 ;  total,  $0.34£ ;  decrease  since  1866,  $0.3$.  Aggregate  amount  paid  teachers 
in  1867,  $1,161,653.13;  increase  since  1866,  $155,030.13;  increase  in  ten  years,  $963,510.73. 
Amount  of  teachers'  fund  in  the  hands  of  district  treasurers  in  1867,  $100,525.87 ;  increase 
since  1866,  $15,852.16.  Number  of  school  houses  in  1867— brick,  436 ;  stone,  200  ;  frame,  4.200  ; 
log,  612;  total,  5,454;  increase  since  1866,  445;  increase  in  ten  years,  3,708.  Value  of  school 
houses  in  1867,  $3,450.978.93 ;  increase  since  18(56.  $014,221.87;  increase  in  ten  years,  $2,879,915.02. 
Amount  of  district  tax  for  building  and  repairing  school  houses  in  18G7,  $057,911.11  ;  increase 
since  1800,  $119,815.45;  increase  in  ten  years,  $511,207.37.  Amount  of  district  tax  for  library 
and  apparatus  in  1807,  $34,123.38.  Amount  of  district  tax  for  the  rent  of  school  buildings  in 
1867,  $13,006.39 ;  decrease  since  1860,$1,070.40.  Amount  of  district  tax  for  fuel  in  1807,  $133,- 
198.58 ;  increase  since  1866,  $22,277.19.  Amount  of  district  tax  for  compensation  of  secretary 
and  treasurer  in  1867,  $39,705.23;  increase  since  I860,  $5,970.20.  Amount  of  district  tax  for 
teachers1  fund  in  1807,  $020,341.12;  increase  since  I860,  $117,180.98.  Amount  raised  by  "rate 
bill "  or  voluntary  subscription  for  teachers'  fund  in  1807,  $71,784.58.  Amount  of  apportion 
ment  received  from  county  treasurers  in  1807,  $478,525.98 ;  increase  in  one  year,  $22.025.47.  Num 
ber  of  volumes  in  district  libraries  in  1867,  9,303;  decrease  since  1806,  1,331;  increase  in  ten 
years,  8,680.  Value  of  apparatus  in  1807,  $81,712.03. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  charitable  institutions  of  Iowa  were  projected  on  a  liberal  scale,  but 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  state,  and  the  increase  of  the  unfortunate  classes  for 
whom  these  institutions  were  established  are  annually  demanding  additional 
facilities  and  increased  accommodations. 

The  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  located  at  Iowa  City,  has  been 
highly  prosperous,  but  its  accommodations  being  inadequate,  the  General 
Assembly  in  18G6,  passed  an  act  to  locate  the  institution  permanently  at 
Council  Bluffs,  and  appointed  three  commissioners  who  purchased  a  site, 
embracing  80  acres  near  the  city,  and  contracted  for  the  erection  of  a  build 
ing  to  cost  $300,000,  and  to  be  completed  by  the  first  day  of  October,  1870. 
The  number  of  deaf  mutes  in  the  state  is  now  (18G8),  estimated  at  from 
400  to  500,  or  more  than  five  times  the  number  in  attendance  at  the  institution. 

The  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  was  first  established  in 
1853,  at  Iowa  City.  In  18G2,  it  was  removed  to  Vinton,  Benton  County, 
and  40  acres  of  ground  secured  on  which  commodious  stone  and  brick  build 
ings  have  been  erected.  The  institution  is  free  to  all  the  blind  of  Iowa  who 
are  susceptible  of  education,  and  desirous  of  availing  themselves  of  its  priv 
ileges.  There  were  in  1866,  295  blind  persons  in  Iowa,  about  16  per  cent. 
of  whom  receive  the  benefits  of  the  institution.  The  blind  of  other  states 
are  admitted  upon  the  payment,  annually,  of  $170  per  pupil,  provided  they 
possess  the  other  necessary  qualifications. 

The  course  of  study  consists  of  reading  in  raised  print,  writing,  spelling ; 
history,  ancient  and  modern;  grammar;  geography;  rhetoric,  logic,  and 
belles  letters ;  natural,  moral  and  mental  philosophy ;  arithmetic,  mental 


1869.]  IOWA.  335 

and  written ;  algebra,  and  geometry.  The  male  pupils  arc  taught  to  make 
brooms  and  brushes,  and  the  females  bead  work,  sewing  and  knitting. 

The  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Mount  Pleasant,  has  been  much  improved, 
and  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  but  has  not  accommodations  sufficient  for 
all  the  applicants  for  admission.  The  superintendent  in  his  report  gives  a 
full  account  of  the  improvements  made,  and  the  requisites  for  judicious 
treatment  of  the  Insane  of  the  state.  The  Board  of  Trustees  concur  with 
him  in  recommending  additions  to  the  buildings  and  farm. 

The  Trustees  of  the  Iowa  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  have  under  their  charge 
three  institutions  located  respectively  at  Davenport,  Cedar  Falls,  and  Glen- 
wood,  in  each  of  which  the  Orphans  of  soldiers  are  received  for  care  and 
instruction.  The  state  has  appropriated  $8.33  per  month  for  the  support  of 
each  inmate.  This  sum  has  been  found  insufficient  to  pay  the  expenses  of 
the  homes,  and  contributions  have  been  made  for  that  purpose. 

Deaf  and.  Dumb  Asylum,  Iowa  City,  BENJAMIN  TALBOT,  Principal.  Whole  number  of 
pupils,  98,  of  whom  75  were  present  during  the  year  1807. 

Total  receipts  for  year  ending  November  1, 18f>7 $28,075.19 

Total  expenditures  for  year  ending  November,  1,  1867 21,587.30 

Cash  on  hand,  November  4,  1867 $3,487.89 

Institution  for  the  Blind,  Vinton,  JAMES  L.  GEDDES,  Superintendent.  Whole  number 
of  pupils  since  the  opening  of  the  institution,  150 ;  number  of  deaths,  12 ;  number  removed 
from  institution,  88 ;  number  present,  December,  1867,  50 ;  of  these  28  were  males,  and  22 
females.  Receipts  for  years  1866  and  1867,  $23,900.79.  Expenditures,  $24,192.04.  Deficit, 
$291.25. 

Iowa  Hospital  for  Insane,  Mount  Pleasant.  MARK  RANNEY,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  patients  in  hospital,  October  31,  1865— males,  146  ;  females,  138  ;  total,  284.  Admit 
ted  during  the  two  succeeding  years — males,  178 ;  females,  165 ;  total,  343.  There  have  been 
discharged — males,  155 ;  females,  128 ;  total,  283.  Remaining  in  hospital,  October  31,  1867 — 
males,  169;  females,  175;  total,  34-4.  Of  those  discharged  there  were — recovered,  138;  im 
proved,  29  ;  unimproved,  32  ;  died,  85.  Total  number  admitted  since  opening  of  the  hospital, 
1,025;  total  number  discharged,  681.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity — general  ill  health,  109 ;  puer 
peral,  42 ;  disappointment,  21 ;  epilepsy,  99 ;  domestic  troubles,  58 ;  religious  excitement,  45 ; 
masturbation,  35 ;  business  anxieties,  27 ;  .hereditary,  32 ;  injuries  to  the  head,  15;  over  exer 
tion,  21 ;  spiritualism,  8;  war  excitement.  8;  disordered  menstruation,  13;  intemperance,  24; 
loss  of  health  in  military  service,  13 ;  ill  treatment,  9;  excessive  study,  8;  miscellaneous  and 
unknown,  441 ;  total,  1,025.  Occupation  of  those  admitted— domestic  duties,  436 ;  farmers,  294 ; 
merchants,  11;  laborers,  59;  teachers,  15;  carpenters,  9;  black-smiths,  6;  seamstresses,  4; 
tailors,  4;  colliers,  3;  preachers,  3;  mill-wrights,  4;  masons,  3;  soldiers,  6;  physicians,  3; 
shoemakers,  6 ;  clerks,  9;  lawyers,  3;  agents,  3;  miners,  3;  miscellaneous  and  no  employment, 
84;  unknown,  57;  total,  1.025.  Civil  condition— single,  421;  married,  510;  widowed,  68;  di 
vorced,  3;  unknown,  23;  total,  1,025.  Age— less  than  15  years  of  age,  17;  15  to  20,86;  20  to  30, 
324 ;  30  to  40,  263 ;  40  to  50,  176 ;  50  to  60,  85 ;  60  to  70,  39 ;  70  to  80,  9 ;  8Q  to  90,  1 ;  unknown,  25 ; 
total,  1,025.  Nativity— American,  691 ;  German,  71;  English,  22;  Prussian,  16;  Irish,  100;  mis 
cellaneous  and  unknown,  125 ;  total,  1,025. 

PENITENTIARY. 

The  statistics  of  the  Penitentiary  at  Fort  Madison,  exhibit  in  a  marked 
degree  the  fact  which  has  been  observed  in  other  states,  that  during  the 
years  of  the  late  war  there  was  a  remarkable  decrease  in  crime,  and  in  the 
number  of  criminals.  While  in  1860,  the  number  in  the  penitentiary  was 
123,  it  decreased  each  year  until  1863,  when  it  was  but  70,  but  after  the  close 
of  the  war  there  was  again  a  rapid  increase ;  the  number  of  prisoners  in 


336  THE  AMERICAN  YEAE-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

18G5  was  87;  in  1866,  117;  and  in  1867,  160.     The  capacity  of  the  prison 
is  fully  employed  and  increased  accommodations  are  needed. 

The  penitentiary  is  successfully  conducted.  The  system  of  "  diminution  " 
of  time,  the  religious  exercises,  and  the  library  have  all  been  important 
means  in  the  discipline  and  moral  culture  of  the  prisoners.  The  labor  is 
under  contract  and  consists  of  coopering,  and  manufacturing  agricultural 
implements.  The  value  of  the  labor  at  the  close  of  1867,  was  $1,875  per 
month. 

Iowa  Penitentiary,  Fort  Madison,  MARTIN  HEISET,  Warden.  Number  of  convicts,  Oc 
tober  1,  1865,  87 ;  received  during  the  year,  101 ;  total,  278.  Of  those  discharged,  87  were  by  ex 
piration  of  sentence,  30  by  pardon,  and  1  by  conditional  leave  of  absence,  leaving  in  confine 
ment  October  1,  18G7,  160.  Of  those  received  there  were — males,  189;  females,  2;  total,  191. 
Civil  condition — single,  121;  married,  65 ;  widowed,  5 ;  total,  191.  Crimes — larceny,  121;  bur 
glary,  13 ;  robbery,  6 ;  bigamy,  5 ;  rape,  5 ;  manslaughter,  4  ;  murder,  2d  degree,  4 ;  adultery,  4 ; 
counterfeiting,  4;  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  3;  murder,  2;  conspiracy,  2;  forgery,  2;  miscel 
laneous  and  unknown,  16;  total,  191.  Term  of  sentence— 1  year  and  less,  74;  1  to  2  years,  53; 
2  to  5  years,  45 ;  5  to  10  years,  13 ;  20  years,  1 ;  life,  5 ;  total,  191.  Age— between  12  and  15  years, 
6 ;  15  to  20,  53 ;  20  to  25,  55 ;  25  to  30,  33 ;  30  to  35,  12 ;  35  to  40,  12 ;  40  to  65,  20 ;  total,  191.  Na 
tivity — United  States,  152 ;  Ireland,  13 ;  Germany,  12;  Canada,  10;  other  foreign  countries,  4; 
total,  191. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

In  Iowa  the  transition  from  a  wilderness  to  cultivated  farms  and  populous 
towns  and  cities  has  been  rapid.  There  are  no  very  large  cities,  but  a  large 
number  of  commercial  centers  and  thriving  towns.  The  increase  in  popula 
tion  from  1840  to  1850  was  345  per  cent,,  and  from  1850  to  I860,  251  per 
cent.  The  changes  in  population  since  the  organization  of  the  territory  30 
years  ago,  may  be  seen  by  the  following  table : 

1838 22,859        1850 191,982        1S63 701,732        1867 902,040 

1840 43,114        I860 674,913        1S65 754,699 

The  population  in  1867  may  be  classified  as  follows :  white  males,  463,537 ;  white  females, 
433,316 ;  total  white  population,  897,325  ;  colored  males,  2,508 ;  colored  females,  2,203 ;  total  col 
ored  population,  4,715  ;  number  entitled  to  vote,  181,749;  foreigners  not  naturalized,  13,503; 
number  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21  years,  339,618;  number  of  blind,  412  ;  deaf  and  dumb,  363 ; 
insane,  644. 

In  the  per  cent,  of  increase  of  real  estate  and  personal  property  from  1850 
to  1860,  this  state  surpassed  all  other  states  in  the  Union,  the  increase  being 
943  per  cent.  The  great  distinguishing  feature  of  Iowa  is  her  vast  and 
diversified  prairies,  a  large  portion  of  which  is  covered  with  grass  and  des 
titute  of  timber. 

Com,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  great  staples  of  Iowa,  being  grown  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent  in  every  county  in  the  state,  with  the  addition  of  rye, 
barley,  buckwheat,  tobacco,  <fcc.,  in  limited  quantities.  Hop  raising  is  attract 
ing  considerable  attention  in  some  counties,  and  in  Jackson  and  Jones  is 
successful  and  profitable. 

The  principal  branch  of  industry  is  agriculture,  but  the  favorable  situa 
tion  of  the  state  between  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers,  and  the  numer 
ous  railroads  which  have  been  built  and  projected,  have  stimulated  the 
growth  of  a  domestic  trade  that  is  rapidly  increasing.  In  the  northeastern 
part  of  the  state,  there  are  rich  lead  mines,  and  in  the  central  and  southern 


1869.] 


IOWA. 


337 


portions,  extensive  coal  fields,  while  iron  and  zinc  are  found  in  some  parts 
of  the  state.  The  value  of  the  annual  mineral  product  is  already  more  than 
a  million  of  dollars,  and  is  rapidly  increasing. 

Manufacturing  is  in  its  infancy  but  is  attracting  a  large  amount  of  capi 
tal  and  skilled  industry ;  and  the  presence  of  minerals,  fuel,  and  in  some 
instances  of  water-power,  present  favorable  circumstances  for  an  enlargement 
of  this  business ;  the  value  of  manufactures  increased  more  than  a  hundred 
per  cent,  from  1865  to  1867. 

Table  giving  amount  of  land  cultivated  and  principal  products  in  1865 
and  1867. 


NO.   OF  ACKES. 

1805.  1867. 

Enclosed 5,327,053 8,2(53,174 

Increase  in  1867 2,936,121 

Sorghum 21,452 25,706.. 

Hungarian  Grass 37,894 39,406. . 

Tame  Grasses 302,899 497,460. 

Spring  Wheat 827,487 980,905. 

Winter  Wheat 116,965 73,425  

Oats 577,540 504,361 

Corn 1,727,777 1,992,826 

Rye 48,992 35,604 

Barley.... 51,804 48,013 

Irish  Potatoes 40,193 42,493 

Sweet  Potatoes 

Onions 

Flax 12,111 11,906 

Number  of  gallons  of  Linseed  Oil 


1865. 


1867. 


..tons  hay, 
..bushels, 


..gals,  syrup,  1,443,605 2,094,557 

63,698 58,889 

225,349 537,812 

7,175,784 13,912,368 

1,108,731 723,152 

15,928,777 15,861,494 

48,471,133 56,928,938 

662,388 492,841 

950,696 1,197,729 

2,730,811 2,666,678 

26,222 50,390 

207,638 213,285 

seed,      75,721 61,917 

890 80,052 


There  were  also  in  1867,— 

Of  fruit  trees  in  bearing 1,075,177 

Fruit  trees  not  in  bearing 3,629,789 

Hogs  of  all  ages 1,620,089 

Cattle  of  all  ages. . '. 956,169 

Pounds  of  butter  made 19,192,727 

Pounds  of  cheese  made 1,403,864 

Pounds  grapes  raised 549,179 

Gallons  wine  made 29,495 

Pounds  hops  raised 48,653 

Pounds  tobacco  raised 385,002 

Acres  planted  for  timber 48,774 

Tons  coal  raised 97,820 

Value   of    minerals,    not    including 

coal... 


Sheep 1,708,958 

Horses  of  all  ages 425,055 

Mules  and  asses  of  all  ages 22,037 

Hives  of  bees 85,727 

Pounds  of  honey  taken 896,745 

Pounds  of  beeswax 36,266 

Value  of  manufactures $15,957,599 

Value  of  agricultural  implements,  ma 
chinery  and  wagons $11,362,402 

Number  of  acres  land  assessed 28,773,400 

Assessed  value  of  lands  and  town 

lots, $189,550,825 

Assessed  value  of  person'lproperty,66,966,359 
Total  assessed  valuation 256,511,487 

In  a  majority  of  the  counties,  farm  lands  have  increased  in  value  75  per  cent,  since  the  census 
of  1860.  Wild  or  unimproved  lands  range  in  price  from  $1.25  to  $25  per  acre. 

Land  Grants.  The  state  has  received  and  controls  for  various  purposes  the  following  land 
grants :  For  aiding  the  common  schools  of  the  state,  1,548,487.97  acres ;  for  agricultural  college, 
208,430.30  acres ;  towards  a  State  University  Fund,  92,030.37  acres ;  and  to  aid  in  the  construc 
tion  of  railroads,  3,270,702  acres.  The  great  value  of  these  grants  can  only  be  indefinitely  esti 
mated  in  their  present  undeveloped  state. 

Banks  and  Railroads.  There  were  in  the  state,  October  1, 1868,  44  National  Banks,  with 
a  capital  of  $4,057,000;  and  1,152  miles  of  railroad  finished  and  in  operation. 

The  number  of  newspapers  or  periodicals  published  in  the  state  is,— daily,  16 ;  tri-weekly,  2 ; 
semi-weekly,  3;  weekly,  141 ;  semi-monthly,  1 ;  monthly,  3;  quarterly,  1 ;  total,  167. 

There  are  29  Home,  and  91  Foreign  Insurance  Companies  doing  business  in  the  state. 

22 


338  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

11.    KANSAS. 

Capital,  Topeka.  Area,  81,318  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  107,206. 
Kansas  formed  part  of  the  great  Louisiana  purchase  acquired  from  France 
in  1803,  and  was  subsequently  included  in  the  Missouri,  Arkansas  and  In 
dian  Territories,  from  which  last  it  was,  in  May  1854,  erected  into  a  separate 
territory,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  January  29,  18G1.  For 
several  years  a  fierce  contest  raged  in  the  territory  on  the  subject  of  slavery, 
but  the  strife  was  finally  adjusted  by  its  being  admitted  as  a  free  State. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JAS.  M.  HARVEY Fort  Riley $2,000 

Lieutenant  Governor C.  V.  ESKRIDGE Emporia * 

Secretary  of  State THOS.  MOONLIGHT Leavenworth 1,500 

Auditor  of  State A.  THOMAN Lawrence 1,500 

Treasurer  of  State GEORGE  GRAHAM Seneca 1,200 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. P.  McVicAR Topeka 1,200 

Attorney  General A.  DANFORD Fort  Scott 1,000 

The  above  officers  are  chosen  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  two  years.  The 
general  election  is  held  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  November.  Senators,  25 
in  number,  elected  for  two  years,  and  Representatives,  75  in  number,  elected 
for  one  year,  constitute  the  Legislature,  which  meets  annually  on  the  second 
Tuesday  in  January. 

White  male  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  persons  of  foreign  birth  who 
shall  have  declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens,  conformably  to  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  on  the  subject  of  naturalization,  who  have  resided 
in  the  State  six  months,  and  in  the  township  thirty  days,  are  entitled  to  vote. 

No  person  under  guardianship,  non  compos  mentis,  or  insane,  or  any  person 
convicted  of  treason  or  felony,  unless  restored  to  civil  rights,  nor  any  soldier, 
seaman  or  marine  shall  be  allowed  to  vote. 

At  the  election  in  November,  1867,  three  amendments  to  the  constitution 
respecting  voters  were  submitted  to  the  people,  with  the  following  results : 

On  striking  out  "white,"  the  yeas  were  10,483,  nays,  19,421.  Majority 
against,  8,938.  On  striking  out  "  male,"  the  yeas  were  9,070,  nays,  19,857. 
Majority  against,  10,787.  On  disfranchising  rebels,  the  yeas  were  15,672,  nays, 
12,990.  Majority  for,  2,682. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Kansas  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Asso 
ciate  Justices.  The  Judges  are  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State ; 
those  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  six  years,  and  those  of  the  District  Courts 
for  four  years.  Two  sessions  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  held  annually  at  To 
peka,  in  January  and  July. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  H.  Miller.  District  Judge,  Mark  W.  Delahay.  District  Attorney,  S.  A. 
Riggs.  Marshal,  C.  C.  Whiting.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  A.  L.  Thomas. 

*  $6.00  per  day  during  session  of  Legislature. 


1869.]  KANSAS.  339 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice-,  S.  A.  Kingman,  Atchison. 

Associate  Justices,  D.  M.  Valentine,  Ottawa ;  J.  Safford,  Topeka.    Salary  of  each,  $2,000. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Judges.  1st  District,  H.  W.  Ide,  Leavenworth  ;  2d  District,  Nathan  Price,  Troy  ;  3d  District, 
John  T.  Morton,  Topeka:  4th  District,  O.  A.  Bassett,  Lawrence  ;  5th  District,  John  H.  Watson, 
Emporia ;  Q(fi  District,  D.  P.  Lowe,  Mound  City  ;  1th  District,  J.  R.  Goodin,  Humboldt ;  8th 
District,  James  Humphrey.  Manhattan ;  $th  District,  W.  H.  Brown,  Cottonwood  Falls.  Salary 
of  first  five,  $2,000  each ;  of  the  others,  $1,500  each. 

FINANCES. 

The  receipts  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Nov.  30, 1867,  were        -     $552,217.03 
Expenditures  for  the  same  time,    ------          516,605.02 

Balance  in  the  Treasury  Nov.  30,  1867.     -----      $35,612.01 
The  receipts  and  disbursements  were  on  account  of  the  following  funds : 

Receipts.  Disbursements. 

General  Revenue  and  Sinking  Fund $192,798.29 $179,144.17 

Annual  School  Fund 56,341.70 47,012.19 

Permanent  School  Fund 59,846.03 59,766.59 

Penitentiary  Building  Fund 115,540.55 115,540.55 

Capital  Building  Fund 91,263.96 91,158.61 

Military  Fund 23,263.45 22,387.78 

Railroad  Fund 13,163.05 1,595.13 


Whole  amount  received  and  disbursed $552,217.03 $516,605.02 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  outstanding  liabilities,  Nov.  30,  1867,  were  $1,002,069.82,  from  which 
are  to  be  deducted  the  sums  expended  for  war  purposes,  amounting  in  all  to 
$328,594.82,  which  leaves  to  the  State  a  bonded  indebtedness  of  $673,475.00. 
November  30,  1868,  the  bonded  debt  was  $1,095,175;  outstanding  warrants, 
$290,254;  total,  $1,385,429.  Taxes  due  for  1867  and  1868,  and  being  paid, 
$390,952. 

EDUCATION. 

The  State  University  at  Lawrence  has  been  in  part  re-organized,  its  course 
of  study  has  been  extended,  and  additions  have  been  made  to  its  corps  of  In 
structors.  It  now  embraces  a  collegiate  and  a  preparatory  course.  The  act 
incorporating  the  University  endowed  it  with  46,080  acres  of  land,  and 
$10,000  cash,  besides  a  site  of  40  acres  adjoining  the  city. 

In  1867,  a  military  department  was  added  to  the  State  Agricultural  College, 
and  the  agricultural  course  extended. 

A  number  of  denominational  and  private  institutions  have  been  established, 
some  of  which  are  doing  excellent  service  in  the  cause  of  education. 

The  school  system  has  been  modeled  after  the  systems  of  the  older  States, 
and  with  the  exceptions  incident  to  a  new  country,  has  been  efficiently 
administered,  and  the  schools  have  rapidly  improved. 

The  public  schools  are  under  the  general  supervision  of  a  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction.  County  Superintendents  have  the  oversight  of  the 
schools  in  their  respective  courities,  receiving  the  reports  from  district  officers, 
and  reporting  annually  to  the  State  Superintendent. 

The  Legislature  in  1863  appropriated  30,380  acres  of  salt  lands  to  endow 
a  Normal  School,  which  was  located  at  Emporia,  and  opened  in  February, 


340  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER,  [1869. 

1865,  with  18  students.  The  attendance  during  the  second  year  was  130. 
The  year  commenced  in  January,  1868,  with  a  larger  number  of  students 
than  ever  before.  The  school  has  a  good  building,  costing  $18,000.  A  suc 
cessful  model  department  is  connected  with  it.  Each  representative  district 
can  send  one  pupil  to  the  Normal  School.  The  male  pupils  must  be  17,  and 
the  females  16  years  of  age,  and  pledge  themselves  to  teach  in  the  State  as 
long  as  they  attend  the  Normal  School. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  school  districts,  in  1866-7, 1,172;  increase  for  the  year,  186; 
number  of  white  persons  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21— males,  30,028;  females,  28,275;  total, 
58,303 ;  number  of  colored  persons  of  same  age— males,  2,247 ;  females,  2,283 ;  total,  4,535 ; 
whole  number  of  persons  of  school  age,  62,838 ;  increase,  8,110 ;  number  of  children  enrolled 
in  public  schools— white— males,  19,460 ;  females,  17,484 ;  total,  36,944;  colored— males,  1,236; 
females,  1,269 ;  total,  2,505 ;  whole  number,  39,449 ;  increase,  8,191 ;  number  attending  select 
schools,  academies  and  colleges,  4,243 ;  number  attending  public  schools  and  other  institutions 
of  learning,  43,692 ;  increase,  7,903 ;  average  daily  attendance  of  children— white,  19,591 ;  col 
ored,  982 ;  total,  20,573 ;  average  time  of  school  taught  for  children— white,  4.4  months  ;  colored, 
4.8  months;  number  of  teachers  employed— males,  541 ;  females,  664;  total,  1,205;  increase, 
119 ;  number  of  teachers  employed  in  select  schools,  academies  and  colleges,  107 ;  in  public 
and  other  schools,  1,312;  increase,  64;  average  wages  paid  per  month  to  teachers— male,  $39.- 
44 ;  female,  $26.41 ;  amount  paid  for  teachers'  wages  in  public  schools,  $170,436.39 ;  increase, 
$54,522.28;  amount  expended  in  repairs  and  incidentals,  $42.824.42;  increase,  $10,361.21; 
amount  disbursed  to  counties  from  annual  fund,  $47,961.36;  increase,  $16.907.12;  amount 
raised  by  district  tax  for  public  schools,  $273,057.18 ;  increase,  $80.437.01 ;  amount  from  various 
sources  for  support  of  public  schools,  $342,271.92;  increase,  $88,657.36;  number  of  school 
houses— log,  241 ;  frame,  339 ;  brick,  15 ;  stone,  108 ;  total,  703  ;  total  value  of  school  houses, 
$573,690.03;  increase,  $254,792.77;  amount  added  to  the  interest-bearing  permanent  school 
fund,  $66,725 ;  increase,  $36,653.44 ;  amount  of  permanent  school  fund  now  invested  and  bear 
ing  interest,  $96,796.56. 

State  Normal  School,  Emporia.  L.  B.  KELLOGG,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  in  Nor 
mal  Department — ladies,  70;  gentlemen,  55 ;  total,  125  ;  in  Model  School — girls,  15;  boys,  12; 
total,  27  ;  whole  number  in  school,  152. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  charitable  institutions  already  established  are  in  successful  operation. 
An  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  has  been  organized  at  Olathe,  at  which 
25  pupils  were  in  attendance  in  1867. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Osawatomie,  was  opened  November  1, 
1866 ;  it  has  accommodations  for  only  22  patients.  More  than  this  number 
applied  in  1867,  who  were  rejected  for  want  of  room.  The  treatment  of  those 
received  was  successful,  more  than  half  having  recovered. 

An  institution  for  the  Blind  has  been  located  at  Wyandotte,  and  a  building 
erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $18,000,  on  a  site,  including  nearly  10  acres,  donated 
by  the  city.  The  institution  was  opened  in  1868.  As  a  rule,  applicants  who 
are  under  nine  or  over  twenty-one  years  of  age,  are  not  admitted ;  but  excep 
tions  are  sometimes  made  in  peculiar  cases,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  No  person  of  imbecile  or  unsound  mind,  or  of  confirmed  immoral 
character,  will  be  received.  All  are  required  to  come  with  an  adequate  supply 
of  good,  comfortable  clothing,  embracing  suitable  articles  for  both  summer 
and  winter  wear.  No  charge  is  made  for  the  instruction  of  pupils. 

Kansas  Asylum  for  the  Blind,  Wyandotte  City.  H.  H.  SAWYER,  Superintendent.  Num 
ber  of  inmates,  Oct.  1,  1868,  15. 

Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Olathe.  Loins  H.  JENKINS,  Superintendent.  Number 
of  inmates,  September  1, 1868,  27;  annual  appropriation  by  legislature,  $8,000  or  $10,000. 


1869.]  KANSAS.  341 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  in  1860  was  107,206.  At  the  time  of  the  previous  decen 
nial  census,  the  whole  State  was  a  wilderness,  with  a  few  scattering  white 
settlements.  Soon  after  its  organization  as  a  territory  and  the  repeal  of  the 
Missouri  Compromise  act,  emigrants  from  the  Northern  and  Southern  States 
poured  in  rapidly,  the  one  section  determined  to  exclude,  and  the  other  to 
introduce  slavery.  A  bitter  struggle  ensued,  which  at  la§t  culminated  in 
actual  war.  Lawrence  was  sacked  and  burned,  and  for  a  time  life  and  pro 
perty  were  insecure.  Since  the  final  settlement  of  the  slavery  question,  im 
migration  has  increased,  and  the  eastern  part  of  the  State  has  rapidly  filled 
up.  The  present  population  is  estimated  at  300,000  or  more. 

The  soil  of  the  greater  part  of  the  State  is  excellent,  there  being  two 
classes  of  land,  the  first  embracing  the  alluvions  of  the  river,  and  the  strips 
of  timber.  Of  this  class,  there  are  at  least  10,000,000  acres  in  the  State,  or 
fully  five  times  the  amount  of  improved  land.  For  the  production  of  the 
heavier  kinds  of  cereals,  this  land  is  surpassed  in  richness  by  none  of  the 
neighboring  States.  For  wrheat  and  other  small  grains,  the  second-class 
lands,  embracing  the  upland  or  rolling  prairies,  are  preferred. 

The  scarcity  of  building  timber  is  amply  compensated  by  the  general  distri 
bution  of  stone  suitable  for  the  construction  of  buildings  and  fences.  Un 
failing  springs  of  pure  cold  water  are  very  abundant,  and  wells,  furnishing 
a  copious  supply,  need  not  be  sunk  over  twenty  to  forty  feet. 

The  climate  is  temperate  and  healthful.  The  locality  of  the  State,  half-way 
up  the  slope  of  the  eastern  Cordilleras,  gives  it  the  advantage  of  the  higher 
strata  of  the  atmosphere,  with  more  general  circulation.  The  equability  of 
temperature  is  especially  favorable  to  stock-raising. 

From  a  report  of  the  surveyor-general,  it  is  seen  that  horses  have  increased 
in  number  in  seven  years,  since  the  last  decennial  census,  from  18,882  to 
150,000;  mules  from  1,430  to  10,000;  cattle  of  all  kinds  from  87,000  to 
1,000,000  ;  and  sheep  from  15,000  to  100,000.  The  total  value  of  live  stock 
has  advanced  from  $3,205,522  to  $40,300,000. 

The  mineral  deposits  of  Kansas  are  as  yet  imperfectly  known ;  but  suffi 
cient  has  been  developed  incidentally  to  warrant  the  belief  that  the  State 
has  a  liberal  endowment  of  the  useful  minerals.  The  coal  measures  of  the 
cistern  portion  are  supposed  to  cover  an  extensive  region.  In  Leavenworth, 
Osage,  and  Bourbon  counties,  in  which  alone  the  veins  have  been  worked  to 
any  considerable  extent,  the  supply  seems  abundant  and  the  quality  superior. 
Sand  rock  and  lime  rock  crop  out  all  over  the  State.  Fine  rnagnesian  lime 
stone  of  beautiful  color  has  been  quarried  on  the  Kansas  river  near  Fort 
Riley,  and  is  now  used  in  erecting  public  buildings.  There  are  a  number 
of  salt  springs. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1867,  surveys  had  been  extended  over  20,- 
510,443  acres  of  the  public  lands.  Under  the  appropriation  of  $15,000  by  act 
of  Congress,  March  2, 1867,  contracts  were  made  embracing  the  lands  on  the 
Smoky  Hill,  Saline  and  Solomon  Forks  of  Kansas  river,  which  were  required 


342  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTEB.  [1869. 

to  be  surveyed  in  order  to  enable  the  Pacific  Railroad  Company  to  make 
selections  under  the  grant  of  Congress. 

The  manufactures  of  1860  were  represented  by  344  establishments,  with  a 
capital  of  $1,084,935,  working  up  raw  materials  to  the  value  of  $1,444,975, 
and  paying  for  labor  $880,346.  The  year's  product  was  $4,357,408,  leaving 
a  profit  of  $2,032,087,  or  107  per  cent,  on  the  capital.  The  trade  of  the 
State  is  advancing  with  other  great  interests. 

Great  progress  has  been  made  in  the  last  four  years  in  the  construction  of 
railroads.  One  branch  of  the  Pacific  railroad  passes  through  the  entire 
length  of  the  State.  This  with  its  branches  and  connections  will  afford  im 
portant  commercial  facilities  with  the  Eastern  and  Western  States,  while  the 
completion  of  the  railroad  southward  from  Leavenworth  will  connect  Chi 
cago  with  Galveston,  and  afford  convenient  intercourse  with  those  cities. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  6,527,358  bushels,  value  $4,112,235;  wheat,  260,465  bushels, 
value  $497,488  ;  oats,  200,316  bushels,  value  $94,148 ;  potatoes,  243,514  bushels,  value  $387,187; 
hay,  123,082  tons,  value  $883,729. 

Banks.    There  were,  October  1, 1868,  5  National  Banks,  with  a  capital  of  $400.000. 


12.    KENTUCKY. 

Capital,  Frankfort.    Area,  37,680  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  1,155,684. 
This  state  was  formerly  included  in  the  territory  of  Virginia,  was  settled 
in  1774  at  Harrodsburg,   and  was  formed  into  a   territory  by  the  Virginia 
Legislature  in  1789.     It  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state  in  1792. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JOHN  W.  STEVENSON Frankfort $5,000 

Lieutenant  Governor WM.  JOHNSON , Bardstown lOaday*. 

Secretary  of  State SAM'L  B.  CHURCHILL Frankfort 1,500 

Auditor D.  HOWARD  SMITH Frankfort 2,500 

Treasurer JAMES  W.  TATE Frankfort 2,500 

Attorney  General JOHN  RODMAN Frankfort 500  and  fees. 

Adjutant  General FRANK  WOLFORD Liberty 2,400 

Supt.  of  Public  Instruction Z.  F.  SMITH Eminence 1,300 

Secretary  Board  of  Agriculture J.  J.  MILLER Lexington 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Auditor,  Attorney  General,  and  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction,  are  elected  by  the  people  for  the  term  of 
four  years.  The  Governor  is  ineligible  for  the  four  years  succeeding  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term.  If  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  Governor  occur  during 
the  first  two  years  of  the  term,  it  is  filled  by  a  new  election ;  if  during  the 
last  two  years,  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  and  after  him,  the  Speaker  of  the 
Senate,  acts  as  Governor.  The  Treasurer  is  elected  by  the  people  every  two 
years.  The  Secretary  of  State  is  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

Senators,  38  in  number,  are  elected  from  single  districts  for  four  years,  one- 
half  every  two  years.  Representatives,  100  in  number,  are  elected  from  sin 
gle  districts  for  two  years.  Sessions  of  the  Assembly  are  biennial,  and  cannot 
continue  longer  than  60  days  without  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all  the  members 
*During  session  of  Assembly. 


KENTUCKY.  343 

elected  to  each  branch.    The  members  are  paid  $4  a  day,  and  15  cents  a 
mile  for  travel. 

Every  white  male  citizen  who  has  resided  two  years  in  the  state,  one  year 
in  the  county,  and  60  days  in  the  precinct  in  which  his  vote  is  offered,  is 
entitled  to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  is  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  has  appellate 
jurisdiction  over  the  final  orders  and  judgments  of  all  other  courts  of  the 
State  in  civil  cases,  except  where  the  amount  in  controversy  is  less  than  $50, 
or  in  cases  of  judgment  granting  divorce,  or  on  a  judgment  of  an  inferior 
court  from  which  an  appeal  is  given  to  the  Quarterly  or  Circuit  Court.  It 
has  appellate  jurisdiction  in  criminal  cases,  where  the  fine  is  $50  or  over. 

The  Circuit  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  where  the 
amount  in  controversy  is  $50  and  upwards,  except  where  exclusive  jurisdic 
tion  is  given  to  other  courts ;  appellate  jurisdiction  in  certain  cases  specified, 
and  criminal  jurisdiction  for  the  trial  of  all  offenses  which  may  be  prosecuted 
by  indictment,  and  all  prosecutions  and  final  actions,  except  where  exclu 
sive  jurisdiction  is  given  to  other  courts* 

There  are  also  County  Courts  and  Justices'  Courts.  All  Judges  are  Jus 
tices  of  the  Peace.  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  are  elected  by  districts 
for  a  term  of  eight  years,  one  every  second  year,  and  the  Judge  having  the 
shortest  term  to  serve  is  Chief  Justice.  The  Circuit  Court  Judges  are  elect 
ed  by  districts  for  six  years,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  four  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Noah  H.  Swayne.  District  Judge,  Bland  Ballard.  District  Attorney,  B.  H.  Bris- 
ton.  Marshal,  W.  A.  Merriwether.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  A.  J.  Ballard. 

COURT  OP  APPEALS. 

Judges.  R.  K.  Williams,  Mayfield  ;  George  Robertson,  Lexington ;  M.  K.  Hardin,  Louis 
ville;  B.  J.  Peters,  Mt.  Sterling.  Salaries,  $4,000. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury  October  10,  1866,  $160,714.21 

Received  into  the  Treasury  from  Oct.  11,  1866,  to  Oct.  10,  1867,  2,175,996.47 

Total,  -     $2,336,710.68 

Amount  of  warrants  drawn  by  the  Auditor  and  paid  by  the 

Treasurer,  Oct.  11,  1866,  to  Oct.  10,  1867,  inclusive,    *  2,310,852.77 

Leaving  balance  in  Treasury  to  the  credit  Revenue  Department,      $25,857.91 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  following  was  the  condition  of  the  State  Debt,  October  10, 1868 : 

Amount  of  six  per  cent,  debt  due  and  outstanding $84,394.00 

Amount  of  five  per  cent,  debt  due  and  outstanding 16,000.00 

Amount  of  six  per  cent,  bonds  unredeemed  not  due 1,72(5,500.00 

Amount  of  five  per  cent,  bonds  unredeemed  not  due 160,000.00 

Bonds  held  by  the  Board  of  Education 1,632,297.46 

Total  State  Debt,  October  10, 1868 $3,619,191.46 

Between  October  10,  1867,  and  October  10,  1868,  the  outstanding  bonds  of  the  state  were  re 
deemed  to  the  amount  of  $992,008.00,  which  expresses  the  reduction  of  the  permanent  debt  of 
the  state  for  the  year. 


344  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  <        [1869. 

EDUCATION. 

One  of  the  most  important  educational  institutions  of  this  state,  is  the  Ken 
tucky  University  which  now  embraces  the  University  established  in  1858, 
Transylvania  University,  and  the  Agricultural  College.  The  union  of  these 
institutions  was  effected  in  1865,  and  the  University  was  permanently  located 
at  Lexington.  The  site  includes  "  Ashland  "  the  homestead  of  Henry  Clay, 
and  the  adjoining  estate  of  "  Woodlands,"  in  all  433  acres. 

The  actual  cash  endowment  of  the  university,  amounted  in  1868  to  over 
$400,000  and  the  real  estate  to  $250,000.  The  first  session  of  1868,  220  stu 
dents  matriculated  in  the  Agricultural  College  alone.  In  this  college  all 
students  are  required  to  wrork  unless  excused  in  consequence  of  actual  phys 
ical  debility.  They  are  arranged  into  two  divisions,  one  compensated,  and 
the  other  uncompensated.  The  former  work  four  hours  a  day  on  the  farm, 
or  in  the  work-shops,  for  which  each  member  receives  ten  cents  per  hour. 
The  latter  work  two  hours  per  day,  in  the  ornamental  grounds  and  garden 
without  compensation. 

The  public  school  system  is  attracting  the  attention  of  the  state  govern 
ment,  and  measures  have  been  taken  for  its  improvement.  A  State  Superin 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction  has  been  appointed,  who  is  giving  more  effic 
iency  to  the  system. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Institution  for  the  Education  of  Deaf  Mutes  at  Danville,  established 
in  1823,  is  the  oldest  of  the  state  charities.  For  more  than  forty  years,  it 
has  been  under  the  charge  of  the  same  principal.  Pupils  receive  intellectual 
and  moral  instruction,  and  are  taught  to  work  at  useful  and  profitable  em 
ployments.  The  greatest  number  present  at  the  close  of  any  session  before 
the  war  was  93.  During  the  war,  the  number  was  reduced  to  52,  but,  in  1867, 
it  had  increased  to  96.  No  charge  is  made  to  pupils  from  Kentucky ;  those 
from  other  states  pay  $150  a  year  for  board,  lights  and  washing ;  tuition  is 
free  to  all. 

There  are  two  Insane  Asylums  in  the  State,  the  Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum 
at  Lexington,  founded  in  1824,  and  the  Western  Lunatic  Asylum  at  Hopkins- 
ville.  An  appropriation  for  additional  buildings  for  the  Eastern  Asylum 
was  made  by  the  Legislature,  February  28,  1867,  and  the  work  was  immedi 
ately  commenced.  The  buildings  were  so  far  completed  in  1868,  that  the 
number  of  inmates  was  largely  increased.  The  Eastern  Asylum  will  now 
accommodate  525  patients,  and  the  Western  Asylum,  325,  making  abundant 
provision  for  all  the  lunatics  in  the  state. 

The  Kentucky  Institution  for  the  Blind  at  Louisville,  was  founded  in  1842. 
In  1861,  it  had  buildings  valued  at  $70,000,  4  teachers  and  54  pupils. 

The  Institution  for  the  Education  and  Training  of  Feeble  Minded  Chil 
dren  wras  established  in  1860,  but  the  buildings  as  originally  designed  were 
but  partially  completed  in  1867.  The  accommodations  were  sufficient  for 
the  number  of  inmates  at  that  time  (52).. 

The  report  of  the  State  Penitentiary  at  Frankfort,  indicates  a  large  increase 


1869.]  KENTUCKY.  345 

of  prisoners  since  January  1,  1866,  when  there  were  but  290  confined  in  the 
prison  yard.     January  1,  1867,  there  were  450,  and  January  1,  1868,  540. 

Of  902  in  confinement  in  1866  and  1867,  237  or  more  than  one-fourth 
were  between  the  ages  of  15  and  20  years,  and  413  were  between  20  and  30. 
The  keeper  well  says  "  there  is  an  absolute  necessity  of  devising  some  system 
of  punishment  for  the  young  offender,  which,  while  vindicating  the  law,  will 
prevent  the  youth  from  becoming  hardened  in  crime  by  association  with  old 
criminals." 

Kentucky  Institution  for  the  Education  of  Deaf  Mutes,  Danville.  J.  A.  JACOBS, 
A.  M.,  Principal.  Number  of  deaf  mutes  attending  from  November  15,  1866,  to  November  15, 
1867— males,  50  ;  females,  46  ;  total,  96  ;  of  these  there  were— totally  deaf,  36 ;  hear  more  or  less, 
54;  not  ascertained,  6;  total,  96.  Cause— congenital,  37 ;  not  known,  9;  known  disease,  50  as 
follows:— scarlet  fever,  18;  rising  in  the  ears,  6;  cold,  6;  fever,  3;  miscellaneous,  17. 

Kentucky  Institution  for  the  Education  and  Training  of  Feeble  Minded 
Children,  Frankfort.  DB.  BLACK,  Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  December  1,  1867 — 
males,  24 ;  females,  28  ;  total,  52.  Since  December  1,  1865,  23  pupils  have  been  admitted  and 
7  discharged. 

Kentucky  Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum,  Lexington.  W.  S.  CHIPLEY,  M.  D.,  Superin 
tendent.  Number  in  institution  October  1, 1866— males,  148 ;  females,  103 ;  total,  251.  Admitted 
during  the  year— males,  29 ;  females,  21 ;  total,  50.  Whole  number  under  treatment  during  the 
year — males,  177;  females,  124;  total,  301.  Number  discharged,  recovered — males,  14;  females, 
9 ;  total,  23.  Number  died — males,  11 ;  females,  3 ;  total,  14.  Number  removed,  6.  Remain 
ing  October  1, 1867— males,  149 ;  females,  109 ;  total,  258.  Daily  average  patients— paying,  30.33 ; 
state,  222.68.  Civil  condition  of  those  admitted  during  the  year — single,  20;  married,  23;  wid 
owed,  7;  total,  50.  Admitted  and  discharged  since  1824,  admitted— males,  1,805;  females,  957, 
total,  2,762;  discharged— males,  743;  females,  307;  total,  1,050 ;  died— males,  631;  females,  412; 
total,  1,043;  eloped— males,  120;  females,  16;  total,  136;  removed— males,  162;  females,  113; 
total,  275. 

Western  Lunatic  Asylum,  Hopkinsville.  JAMES  RODMAN,  Superintendent.  Number 
of  inmates  September,  1868,  283. 

Kentucky  Penitentiary,  Frankfort.  H.  I.  TODD,  Keeper  and  Lessee.  Number  of  con 
victs  January  1,  1866,  236.  Received  during  years  1866  and  1867,  666.  Served  time  out,  160. 
Pardoned,  160.  Died,  37.  Escaped,  10.  Delivered  to  Sheriffs,  2.  Number  in  prison  January  1, 
1868,  whites— males,  332;  females,  1 ;  blacks— males,  173;  females,  34;  total,  540.  Age  of  pris 
oners  during  last  two  years— from  15  to  20,  237 ;  20  to  30,  413 :  30  to  40,  100  ;  40  to  50,  39 ;  50  to 
60,  17;  60  to  70,  3;  not  stated,  93;  total,  902.  Term  of  sentence— for  1  year,  280;  from  1  to  3 
years,  167 ;  3  years,  95 ;  from  3  to  5  years,  168 ;  5  years,  69  ;  from  5  to  10  years,  73 ;  10  years,  37 ; 
10  to  20  years,  10 ;  life,  3 ;  total,  902.  Crimes  sentenced  for— grand  larceny,  444 ;  horse  stealing, 
159 ;  felony,  87  ;  robbery,  54 ;  murder,  22 ;  hog  stealing,  20 ;  burglary,  18 ;  manslaughter,  15 ; 
shooting  with  intent  to  kill,  16;  passing  counterfeit  money,  11;  arson,  9 ;  rape,  8;  forgery, 
8 ;  miscellaneous,  31 ;  total,  902.  Education— good,  46 ;  common,  313  ;  none,  441 ;  not  stated, 
102;  total,  902. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  and  rate  of  increase  for  each  decade  are  as  follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  SUvei.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790 61,133 114 11.830 73,077 

1800 179,871 741 40,343 220,955 202.36 

1810 324,237 1,713 80,561 406,511 83.98 

1820 434,644 2,759 126,732 564,135 88.82 

1830 517,787 4,917 165,213 687,917 21.09 

1840 590,253 7,317 182,258 779,828 13.36 

1850 761,413 10,011 210,981 -.982,485 25.98 

I860 919,517 10,684 225,483 1,155,684 17.64 

According  to  the  census  of  1860,  there  were  in  Kentucky  7,644,208  acres 
of  improved  land,  and  11,519,053  unimproved.  There  has  been  an  average 
increase  of  about  10  per  cent,  in  the  value  of  farm  lands,  since  that  time  ;  in 


346  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

some  counties  the  increase  was  much  more,  the  greatest  increase  being  near 
the  principal  cities. 

The  soil  supplies  the  chief  source  of  wealth,  rendering  Kentucky  pecul 
iarly  an  agricultural  and  grazing  country.  A  mixed  husbandry  generally 
prevails,  embracing  the  production  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  rye,  potatoes, 
tobacco,  and  the  raising  of  stock.  Wheat,  corn,  and  tobacco  are  the  chief 
crops,  the  latter  being  the  principal  one  for  export,  the  corn  grown  being 
largely  used  upon  the  farms — converted  into  stock.  Blue  grass  is  the  almost 
universal  grass  of  Kentucky,  and  the  "  blue  grass  region  "  is  well  known  as 
a  grazing  country.  Under  favorable  circumstances,  stock  may  be  sustained 
nearly  the  whole  year  upon  pastures  alone. 

This  state  is  rich  in  minerals.  Coal  is  found  in  abundance  in  Greenup, 
Rockcastle,  Laurel,  Pulaski,  Whitley,  Clinton,  Edmonson,  Hardin,  Ohio,  "But 
ler,  Christian  and  Webster  counties,  and  iron  in  greater  or  less  quantity  in 
nearly  all  of  them.  Lead  is  found  in  Trimble,  Owen,  Bourbon,  Scott,  Frank 
lin,  Anderson,  and  Livingston  counties,  and  in  others  contiguous.  Salt  wells 
exist  in  several  counties,  but  are  not  worked  to  any  great  extent. 

An  active  trade  is  conducted  with  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis,  and  other  places 
on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers. 

The  principal  products  in  1866,  were— corn,  65,564,630  "bushels,  value,  $32,126,669;  wheat, 
2,063,256  bushels,  value,  $4,745,489;  rye,  419,287  bushels,  value,  $409,601 ;  oats,  5,644,573  bushels, 
value,  $2,709,395;  potatoes,  1,786,200  bushels,  value,  $1,196,754;  tobacco,  61,683,856  pounds,  val 
ue,  $5,859,966 ;  hay,  115,844  tons,  value,  $1,482,803. 

The  chief  products  for  1867,  were— tobacco,  101,261,879  Ibs. ;  hemp,  4,646,735  Ibs. ;  hay  105,964 
tons ;  corn,  50,262,463  bushels ;  wheat,  2,223,447  bushels ;  barley,  94,963  bushels  ;  mineral  prod 
ucts—pig  metal,  9,737  tons ;  bloom,  5,159  tons ;  bar  iron,  1,860  tons. 

Assessment,  1867.  Acres  of  land,  20,449,880,  value,  $210,534,221 ;  town  lots,  52,867,  value, 
$82,037,164;  horses,  350,586,  value,  $21,553,061;  mules,  80,074,  value,  $5,618,203;  cattle,  605,870, 
value,  $7,725,136 ;  stores,  10,536,  value,  $18,965,588 ;  value  under  the  equalization  law,  $42,794,- 
653;  value  of  pleasure  carriages  and  other  vehicles,  $1,663,577;  value  of  watches  and  clocks, 
$1,241,168;  value  of  gold  and  silver  plate,  $448,312;  value  of  pianos,  $873,858;  total  value, 
$393,618,655. 


13.    LOUISIANA. 

Capital,  New  Orleans.    Area,  41,346  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  708,002. 

The  territory  from  which  Louisiana  was  formed,  was  first  settled  by  the 
French  at  Iberville,  in  1699.  In  1762,  it  was  ceded  by  France  to  Spain,  and 
in  1800,  was  ceded  back  by  Spain  to  France. 

In  1803,  the  whole  territory  including  Arkansas,  Missouri,  and  a  large  tract 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  was  ceded  by  France  to  the  United  States.  Louisiana 
was  organized  as  a  distinct  territory  in  1804,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as 
a  state  in  1812. 

The  ordinance  of  secession  which  was  adopted  by  a  state  convention,  January  26, 1861,  was 
repealed  by  another  convention,  which  met  April  6, 1864.  A  new  constitution  was  adopted  by 
this  convention,  which  was  ratified  by  the  people,  September  5,  1864,  and  the  State  Legislature 
and  Representatives  to  Congress  were  chosen.  The  state  was  under  the  supervision  of  the 
General  commanding  the  Department  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  until  the  passage  of  the  military 
reconstruction  act,  March  2,  1867,  when  it  was  joined  with  Texas  to  form  the  5th  Military  dis 
trict.  A  constitutional  convention  assembled  at  New  Orleans,  November  23, 1867 ;  and  a  now 
constitution  was  formed  which  was  ratified  by  the  people,  April  23, 1868.  The  state  was  admit 
ted  to  representation  in  Congress  by  act  of  June  25,  1868. 


1869.]  LOUISIANA.  347 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor HENRY  C.  WARMOUTH New  Orleans $8,000 

Lieutenant  Governor OSCAR  J.  DUNN New  Orleans 3,000 

Secretary  of  State G,  EORGE  E.  BOVEE Saint  James 3,000 

Auditor G.  M.  WICKLIFFE New  Orleans 5,000 

Treasurer ANTOINE  DUBUCLET . .  Iberville 5,000 

Superintendent  of  Education THOMAS  W.  CONWAY New  Orleans 5,000 

Attorney  General S.  BELDEN New  Orleans 5,000 

All  the  above  state  officers  are  chosen  by  the  legal  voters  of  the  state  for  a 
term  of  four  years  each,  except  that  at  the  first  election  under  the  new  con 
stitution,  the  treasurer  was  to  be  elected  for  two  years. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  General  Assembly,  consisting  of  a 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives.  The  Senators,  36  in  number,  are 
elected  for  four  years,  one-half  biennially,  and  the  representatives,  101  in 
number,  for  two  years.  General  election  first  Monday  in  November.  The 
members  of  the  General  Assembly  receive  $8  for  each  day  of  attendance,  and 
going  to  and  returning  from  the  sessions  which  are  limited  to  60  days  each. 

Every  male  person  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  or  upwards,  born  or 
naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  this  state  one  year  next 
preceding  an  election,  and  the  last  ten  days  within  the  parish  in  which  he 
offers  to  vote,  shall  be  deemed  an  elector.  Criminals  and  certain  persons 
who  participated  in  the  rebellion  are  excluded.  All  persons  without  regard 
to  race,  color,  or  previous  condition,  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States, 
and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  and  residents  of  this  state  for  one 
year,  are  citizens  of  this  state. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Court,  Parish 
Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

The  Supreme  Court,  except  incases  provided,  has  appellate  jurisdiction 
only.  It  is  composed  of  one  Chief  Justice,  and  four  Associate  Justices,  a 
majority  of  whom  constitutes  a  quorum.  The  Chief  Justice  and  the  Associate 
Justices  are  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  for  the  term  of  eight  years.  They  must  be  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  have  practiced  law  for  five  years,  the  last  three  thereof  next  pre 
ceding  their  appointment,  in  this  state.  The  Court  appoints  its  own  clerks. 

The  Supreme  Court  holds  its  sessions  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans  from  the 
first  Monday  in  the  month  of  November  to  the  end  of  the  month  of  May. 

The  state  is  divided  into  districts,  in  each  of  which  a  judge  is  chosen  for 
four  years  by  the  qualified  electors.  The  number  of  districts  must  not  be 
less  than  12  nor  more  than  20,  and  must  remain  unchanged  for  four  years. 
The  present  number  is  18.  There  is  one  District  Court  in  each  district  except 
the  parish  of  Orleans  which  has  seven. 

The  District  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  cases  when  the 
amount  in  dispute  exceeds  five  hundred  dollars  exclusive  of  interest.  In 
criminal  cases  their  jurisdiction  is  unlimited.  They  have  appellate  jurisdic 
tion  in  civil  ordinary  suits  when  the  amount  in  dispute  exceeds  $100. 


348  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

For  each  Parish  Court  one  judge  is  chosen  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the 
parish.  He  holds  his  office  for  the  term  of  two  years.  In  1868  there  were 
18  district  judges,  and  48  parish  judges.  The  Justices  of  the  Peace  are  chosen 
by  the  electors  of  each  parish,  and  hold  office  for  the  term  of  two  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  .    District  Judge1,  Edward  H.  Durell.     District  Attorney, 

S.  H.  Torrey.    Marshal,  F.  J.  Herron.     Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  Dominick  Urban.     Clerk  of 
District  Court,  Charles  C.  Clairbornc. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  John  T.  Ludeling,  Monroe. 

Associate  Justices,  Wm.  G.  Wiley,  Floyd ;  J.  K.  Howell,  New  Orleans  ;  J.  G.  Talliafero,  Har- 
risonburg;  W.  W.  Howe,  New  Orleans.     Clerks,  J.  M.  Wells,  Jr. ;  C.  M.  Ileley,  Jr. 
Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $7,500 ;  of  each  Associate  Justice,  $7,000. 

FINANCES. 

The  Receipts  from  all  sources  for  18G8,  as  reported  by  the  State  Treasurer,  November  19, 
were  as  follows: 

Various  taxes  and  arrears $1,377,750 

Licenses  on  Trades,  Professions  and  Occupations 425.000 

Duty  on  Sales  at  Auction 50,000 

Sales  of  Swamp  Lands 10,000 

Miscellaneous 20,000 


Total  receipts  for  the  year  1868 $1,882,750 

The  Expenditures  during  the  same  period,  according  to  the  General  Appropriation  Bill,  were 
as  follows : 

Salaries  of  Officers  and  Contingent  Expenses  of  their  Departments $150,180 

Salaries  of  Judges,  District  Attorneys,  and  Reporters  of  Supreme  Court 206,300 

Compensation  to  State  Assessors  and  Tax  Collectors,  and  deductions  of  uncollected  taxes.  .210,000 

Compensation  and  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Legislature 300,000 

Interest  on  State  Bonds  for  the  year  1868 496,908 

Printing  and  Advertising 125,000 

State  Seminary  of  Learning  and  Public  Schools 236,000 

For  Insane,  Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind  Asylums,  and  Penitentiary 100,000 

Support  of  Charitable  Institutions 82,000 

Miscellaneous 39,400 

Total  expenditures  for  1868 $1,945,788 

Deficit 63,038 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  total  outstanding  bonded  debt  of  the  state,  November  19, 1868,  consisted  of  9,473  bonds, 
amounting  to  $7,962,800.  From  this  should  be  deducted  bonds  of  the  State,  which  were  the 
property  of  the  state,  and  were  held  by  the  State  Treasurer: 

For  the  Free  School  Fund $856,500 

For  the  Seminary  Fund 137,000 

For  Redemption  of  State  Debt 198,000 


$1,191,500 
Leaving  the  total  outstanding  Bonded  Debt,  exclusive  of  the  bonds  owned  by  the  State,  $6,- 

771,300;  the  state  also  owned  consolidated  city  bonds  and  Railroad  bonds,  amounting  to  $371,- 

000;  which,  if  sold  or  exchanged,  would  reduce  the  bonded  debt  of  the  state  to  $6,400,371. 
The  floating  debt  of  the  state,  consisting  of  state  notes,  warrants  and  overdue  coupons, 

amounted  to  $1,929,500,  which,  with  the  deficit  for  the  year,  it  was  expected  would  be  entirely 

liquidated  by  the  special  tax  of  1  per  cent. 


LOUISIANA.  349 

EDUCATION". 

The  constitution  provides  that  the  General  Assembly  shall  establish  at 
least  one  free  public  school  in  every  parish  throughout  the  state,  and  shall 
provide  for  its  support  by  taxation  or  otherwise.  All  children  of  this  state 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one  are  admitted  to  the  public  schools 
or  other  institutions  of  learning  sustained  or  established  by  the  state  in  com 
mon,  without  distinction  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition.  No  separate 
schools  or  institutions  of  learning  can  be  established  exclusively  for  any  race 
by  this  state. 

A  University  is  to  be  established  and  maintained  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans. 
It  is  to  be  composed  of  a  law,  a  medical,  and  a  collegiate  department,  each 
with  appropriate  faculties.  The  General  Assembly  must  provide  for  its  or 
ganization  and  maintenance  ;  and  all  departments  are  to  be  opened  in  com 
mon  to  all  students  capable  of  matriculating. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  the  Centenary  College  at  Jackson,  under  the 
care  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  several  private  schools  and  academies  have 
been  revived  and  are  now  prosperous. 

The  public  schools  are  under  the  general  supervision  and  control  of  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  grant 
ed  by  the  United  States  for  the  use  and  support  of  public  schools,  and  of 
certain  other  land  grants ;  and  the  proceeds  of  all  estates  of  deceased  per 
sons  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  by  law,  are  held  by  the  state  as  a 
loan,  and  are  to  remain  a  perpetual  fund  on  which  the  state  shall  pay  an 
annual  interest  of  six  per  cent.,  which  interest,  with  the  interest  of  the  trust 
fund  deposited  with  this  state  by  the  United  States,  and  the  rent  of  the  un 
sold  lands  must  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  public  schools ;  this  appro 
priation  is  to  remain  inviolable.  No  appropriation  can  be  made  by  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly  for  the  support  of  any  private  school,  or  any  private  institu 
tion  of  learning  whatever.  One-half  of  the  funds  derived  from  the  poll  tax, 
are  appropriated  exclusively  to  the  support  of  the  free  public  schools  through 
out  the  state,  and  the  University  of  New  Orleans. 

The  Normal  school  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans  was  suspended  in  1862,  but 
it  has  been  re-established  and  continued  by  the  benevolence  of  teachers  of 
the  city  who  have  given  their  services  to  it  gratuitously. 

School  Statistics  of  New  Orleans.  Number  of  schools— for  white  children— High 
Schools,  3;  District  Schools,  36;  for  colored  children,  16 ;  total,  55;  number  of  teachers— for 
white  children,  262 ;  for  colored  children,  52 ;  total,  314 ;  number  of  pupils  enrolled — white  chil 
dren,  17,163;  colored  children,  4,477;  total,  21,640.  Salaries  paid  teachers,  $231,055.11 ;  rents  of 
school  houses,  $19,383.85 ;  salaries  of  officers  of  Board,  $12,043.45 ;  books  and  stationery,  $21,- 
526.96;  repairs,  $60,037.78;  furniture,  $16,177.76;  miscellaneous,  $102,759.27 ;  total,  $381,417.44; 
appropriations  for  white  children,  $360,060;  for  colored  children,  $70,000;  received  fromW.  S. 
Mount,  $5,000 ;  total  $435,000. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  constitution  provides  that  institutions  for  the  support  of  the  insane, 
and  the  education  and  support  of  the  blind  and  the  deaf  and  dumb,  shall 
always  be'  fostered  by  the  state,  and  be  subject  to  such  regulations  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly. 


350  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

The  principal  charitable  institutions  of  the  state  are  in  New  Orleans  and 
Jefferson.  The  influence  of  the  climate  on  strangers,  and  the  frequency  of 
epidemics,  causes  a  large  number  of  sick  and  orphans  needing  aid.  The  fol 
lowing  institutions  including  some  not  public,  were  in  operation  in  1868. 

Insane  Asylum,  Jackson.  Mr.  KING,  Superintendent.  Number  in  Asylum  Dec.  31, 1866 
—males,  80 ;  females,  92 ;  total,  172 ;  number  admitted  since— males,  11 ;  females,  1 ;  total,  12 ; 
making  in  all,  184 ;  discharged,  recovered— males,  6 ;  females,  1 ;  total,  7 ;  removed,  improved— 
1;  eloped,  2;  died— males,  6 ;  females,  5;  total,  11 ;  remaining  Dec.  31, 1867— males,  78;  females, 
85 ;  total,  163 ;  whole  number  of  admissions  since  the  opening  of  the  Asylum,  1,171 ;  salaries  of 
officers,  and  wages  of  servants,  $7,900 ;  other  expenses,  $13,700;  total,  $21,600. 

Charity  Hospital.  Founded  in  1786,  mainly  to  care  and  provide  for  the  indigent  sick,  yet 
has  a  few  pay  patients,  chiefly  sailors.  It  is  sustained  by  a  tax  of  $2.50  each,  on  passengers 
arriving  by  sea,  licenses  on  balls,  theatres,  and  lotteries,  donations  by  the  state,  and  pay 
patients  as  above  referred  to. 

The  amount  received  from  pay  patients  the  last  year  reached  $67,000 ;  the  expenses  are  about 
$9,000  per  month.  Number  of  patients  January  1,  1867,  723;  admitted  during  the  year,  8,612; 
total,  9,335.  Discharged  during  the  year,  7,260 ;  died,  1,438;  remaining  in  hospital  January  1, 
1868,  637.  This  institution  and  the  following  are  in  New  Orleans. 

Poydras  Asylum  for  Girls,  Protestant.  Founded  by  Julian  Poydras,  in  1817 ;  is  for 
girls  only,  and  is  managed  by  a  board  of  twelve  ladies.  It  has  120  inmates  ;  can  accommodate 
500 ;  takes  all  that  apply ;  is  supported  chiefly  by  rent  from  property  donated  by  its  founder. 

St.  Mary's  Male  Orphan  Asylum,  Catholic.  Established  in  1835 ;  is  directed  by  a 
board  of  fourteen  gentlemen ;  has  380  inmates.  Applicants  for  admission  are  subject  to  no 
condition,  other  than  being  orphans.  It  is  supported  by  the  state  and  donations. 

St.  Vincent's  Home  for  Boys,  Catholic.  Established  in  1866  for  half  orphans,  and  is 
managed  by  a  board  of  six  gentlemen ;  has  63  inmates,  who  are  educated  and  taught  useful 
trades.  Its  resources  are  from  the  state,  donations,  work,  and  contributions  by  the  Society. 

St.  Elizabeth  Female  Orphan  Asylum,  Catholic.  Established  in  1856.  Girls  between 
the  ages  of  twelve  and  fourteen  years  only  are  admitted,  and  retained  until  eighteen  or  twenty. 
Besides  a  book  education,  they  are  taught  trades,  house  keeping,  and  all  duties  pertaining  to 
the  position  for  which  they  are  destined  hereafter— 169  inmates.  The  resources  are  from  the 
state,  city,  proceeds  of  their  work,  fairs,  and  contributions. 

Orphan's  Home,  Protestant.  Established  in  1853.  Orphans  of  both  sexes  are  admitted— 
contains  49  boys  and  71  girls,  120  in  all.  A  board  of  managers,  composed  of  twelve  ladies,  have 
charge  of  the  house.  Its  resources  are  from  the  state,  city,  contribution,  fairs,  and  membership. 

St.  Vincent's  Infant  Asylum—  Catholic.  Established  in  1862;  in  charge  of  nine  Sisters 
of  Charity.  There  are  150  inmates,  10  boys,  and  140  girls ;  none  over  seven  years  old  are  admit 
ted  ;  it  is  supported  by  the  state,  city,  and  donations. 

St.  Joseph's  German  Orphan  Boys  and  Girls  Asylum—  Catholic.  Established 
in  1853,  and  managed  by  twelve  Sisters  of  Charity.  There  are  now  104  boys,  and  108  girls  ;  in 
all  212.  Its  resources  are  from  the  city,  state  and  receipts  from  St.  Joseph's  Cemetery. 

German  Orphan  Asylum— Protestant.  Established  in  1868  by  a  German  Protestant  So 
ciety,  which  sustains  it.  Both  sexes  are  admitted.  They  number  16  ;  7  girls  and  9  boys. 

St.  Anna's  Asylum.  Established  in  1850  for  the  relief  of  destitute  females  of  all  religious 
denominations,  and  their  helpless  children.  During  the  last  year  it  has  had  under  its  care 
sixty-four  women  and  thirty-two  children.  Its  resources  are  dues  from  subscribers,  contribu 
tions,  and  work. 

Southern  Hospital  Association.  Incorporated  in  1866,  and  commenced  active  opera 
tions  in  January,  1867.  Its  resources  are  entirely  derived  from  individual  exertion  and  contri 
butions,  its  receipts  up  to  this  date  reaching  $80,000.  There  are  now  47  inmates. 

Children's  Home— Protestant.  Established  by  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  1855. 
Its  board  of  managers  is  composed  of  10  ladies.  Orphans,  half-orphans,  and  destitute  children 
of  both  sexes  are  admitted ;  it  has  32  girls  and  40  boys.  Its  support  is  derived  from  the  state, 
city,  donations,  and  contributions. 

Louisiana  Retreat—  Catholic.  Established  in  1864,  to  give  a  home  to  the  Insane.  Its 
resources  are  derived  from  the  state,  and  its  inmates,  about  one-half  of  whom  are  paying  recip 
ients.  It  has  at  this  time  45  inmates,  cared  for  by  seven  Sister  Superiors.  Old  and  young,  male 
and  female  are  alike  admitted. 

Ladies'  Benevolent  Association  of  Louisiana.  Organized  in  1866 ;  its  objects  are 
to  provide  artificial  limbs  for  Confederate  soldiers,  mark  and  protect  the  graves  of  their  dead, 


1869.]  LOUISIANA.  351 

and  aid  and  assist  their  destitute  widows  and  orphans.  Its  management  is  confided  to  a  board 
of  ladies.  The  resources  are  from  donations,  subscriptions,  and  memberships. 

Widow's  Home—  Catholic.  Established  in  1851,  and  is  managed  by  a  community  known 
as  Ladies  of  Providence.  It  contains  47  women,  24  children,  and  25  aged  or  infirm  men — 96  in 
all ;  and  is  supported  by  the  state,  city,  proceeds  of  work  done  by  the  inmates,  and  charity. 

Society  for  the  Relief  of  Destitute  Orphan  Boys— Protestant.  Established  in  1824 ; 
it  is  under  the  direction  of  a  board  of  eight  gentlemen.  It  has  73  inmates,  and  room  for  many 
more ;  no  conditions  imposed  on  admission.  Its  resources  are  derived  from  rents. 

St.  Croix  Asylum —  Catholic.  Established  in  1855 ;  it  is  under  the  management  of  the 
Sisters  of  Charity.  There  is  an  Academy  attached,  where  a  complete  English  education  can  be 
had,  which  has  now  40  pupils.  The  Asylum  has  77  inmates.  No  conditions  attached  to  admis 
sion,  other  than  that  they  are  to  remain  until  eighteen  years  of  age.  Its  resources  are  derived 
from  the  state,  city,  academy,  donations,  and  contributions. 

Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm.  Established  in  1862,  by  Mrs.  A.  W.  Eichardson, 
mainly  sustained,  and  conducted  solely  by  her,  until  recently,  when  it  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  city ;  it  has  50  female  inmates. 

Marine  Hospital.  Is  supported  by  the  United  States  Government,  for  the  benefit  of  sick, 
aged,  and  infirm  freedmen  only.  It  contains  322  patients  and  36  aged  and  infirm  persons. 

New  Orleans  Orphan  Asylum.  Established  in  1836,  for  girls  between  the  ages  of  7 
and  14.  It  has  now  220  orphans. 

Orphan's  Home  Society— Protestant.  Established  in  1865,  for  orphans  of  both  sexes. 
It  is  managed  by  a  board  composed  of  both  sexes,  numbering  thirteen,  and  has  103  inmates. 

Jewish  "Widow's  and  Orphan's  Association.  Organized  in  1856,  by  the  Jews ;  it 
has  89  inmates,  44  boys,  43  girls,  and  2  widows.  It  is  supported  by  an  annual  payment  of  dues 
by  the  members,  donations  and  contributions  ;  receipts  from  all  sources  the  past  year,  as  per 
report  of  March,  1868,  $25,365.26,  disbursements,  $19,963.87. 

Howard  Association.  This  association  was  organized  in  1836,  chartered  in  1842,  and 
re-chartered  in  1867.  Its  active  members  are  limited  to  30,  but  do  not  reach  that  number.  Its 
duties  are  to  take  care  of  the  indigent  sick  in  times  of  epidemic  only.  When  the  Board  of 
Health  shall  declare  the  existence  of  an  epidemic,  whatever  its  kind,  they  organize  for  action, 
though  they  have  not,  on  all  occasions,  waited  for  such  announcement  by  the  Board.  Each 
member  is  assigned  a  district  respectively,  where  he  receives  and  responds  to  all  applications 
in  that  district.  The  members  in  the  performance  of  their  duties,  do  not  restrict  themselves  to 
this  city,  but  when  it  is  possible  to  spare  them,  delegations  accompanied  by  nurses  arc  sent  to 
distant  towns  and  cities  where  epidemics  prevail.  Their  resources  are  derived  entirely  from 
contributions.  Their  receipts  during  the  epidemic  of  last  year  were  $108,866.49,  to  which  19 
cities  and  towns  outside  of  New  Orleans  contributed.  Their  entire  expenditures  were  $78,- 
320.66.  In  addition  to  the  sick  taken  care  of  as  above,  they  extended  relief  to  sick  and  extreme 
ly  destitute  persons  in  families  numbering  6,200. 

House  of  Refuge  for  Girls.  Established  in  1852,  as  a  School  or  House  of  Reform  for 
Female  Juvenile  Delinquents  not  exceeding  15  years  of  age.  Its  general  management  is  placed 
with  a  Board  of  Commissioners,  composed  of  13  citizens,  elected  annually  by  the  Council,  and 
the  Mayor  of  the  City,  who  is  a  member  ex-offido.  It  has  32  inmates,  most  of  whom  were  com 
mitted  for  vagrancy,  but  few  for  criminal  offences  and  those  of  a  minor  character,  and  some  as 
a  protection  from  bad  influences,  and  cruelty  of  heartless  parents. 

House  of  Refuge  for  Boys.  Established  by  the  city  authorities  in  1848,  to  supply  a 
home  corrective  and  reformatory  in  its  character,  to  which  courts  could  commit  juvenile 
vagrants,  and  minor  criminal  offenders  against  the  law  only.  It  is  under  the  management  of  a 
board  of  thirteen  commissioners,  elected  by  the  Council  annually,  and  the  Mayor  of  the  city, 
who  is  a  member  ex-offido.  It  has  106  inmates.  All  children  found  pilfering,  begging  within 
the  limits  of  the  city,  engaged  in  any  occupation  dangerous  to  their  morals,  or  of  a  tendency  to 
produce  idleness  or  vice,  idle  and  attending  no  school,  abandoned  to  themselves,  or  not  provided 
for  by  their  parents  are  called  "juvenile  vagrants." 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTKY. 

The  population  of  Louisiana  at  each  decade  since  the  organization  of  the  State,  was : 

Whites.  Free  Colored,  Slaves.  Total.  Ine.  per  cent. 

1810 34,311 7,585 34,660 75,556 

1820 73,383 10,476. . .      . .  69,064. . .     . .  .152,923 100.39 

1830 89,441 16.710...     ...109,588  .      ...215,739 40.63 

1840 158,457 25,502 168,452 352,411 63.35 

1850 255.491 17,462 244,809 517,762 46.92 

1860 357,629 18,647 331,726 708,002 36.74 


352  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Louisiana  has  great  resources  as  an  agricultural  state.  The  surface,  not 
more  than  200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Gulf,  is  in  many  places  so  low  that 
extensive  districts,  especially  in  the  south,  are  submerged  during  the  stages 
of  high  water  in  the  river.  "West  of  the  Mississippi  basin,  the  land  rises  in 
hills  towards  the  northwestern  part  of  the  state,  broken,  however  by  the 
marshes  along  the  several  arms  of  the  Red  river.  The  delta  of  the  Missis 
sippi,  amounting  to  one-fourth  of  the  area  of  the  State,  is  nowhere  more 
than  ten  feet  above  the  sea,  and  is  subject  through  its  entire  extent  to  annual 
inundation.  The  bottom  lands  seem  of  inexhaustible  fertility.  Cotton, 
sugar,  corn,  and  potatoes  are  the  principal  crops  ;  before  the  war  the  cultiva 
tion  of  the  first  two  was  very  profitable ;  but  the  disturbance  in  labor,  and 
the  unsettled  condition  of  the  state,  have  caused  many  plantations  to  be 
left  without  cultivation. 

In  the  southern  tier  of  parishes,  sugar,  rice,  and  tobacco  are  made  special 
ties,  and  fruits  are  extensively  grown.  Vast  herds  of  cattle,  and  flocks  of 
sheep  may  be  pastured  upon  the  extensive  natural  meadows  of  the  "  Opelou- 
sas  prairies,"  extending  seventy-five  miles  southwest  and  northeast,  with  a 
width  of  twenty-five  miles.  One  man  is  said  to  own  12,000  head  of  cattle, 
and  it  is  estimated  that  from  75,000  to  100,000  head  graze  upon  these  prairies. 

Timber  is  abundant  in  all  parts  of  the  State,  embracing  many  varieties  of 
oak,  ash,  cotton-wood,  cypress,  gum,  and  some  of  the  pine  forests  are  capa 
ble  of  producing  quantities  of  turpentine.  In  St.  Mary's  parish  alone  it  is 
estimated  there  is  timber  enough  to  make  10,000,000  cords  of  sugar  wood. 
On  one  of  the  islands  within  the  limits  of  this  parish,  there  exists  an  im 
mense  bed  of  salt.  By  boring,  persons  have  gone  thirty-eight  feet  into  the 
solid  salt,  without  finding  any  signs  of  the  bottom  of  the  stratum. 

Land  has  much  depreciated  in  value  since  1860.  There  are  yet  to  be  dis 
posed  of  in  this  state  over  six  million  five  hundred  and  eighty  thousand 
acres  of  public  land.  In  1860,  the  capital  employed  in  manufactures  was 
$7,151,172,  invested  in  1,744  establishments.  The  annual  product  was  valued 
at  $15,587,473,  of  which  after  deducting  $10,692,987  for  cost  of  raw  materials 
and  labor,  there  remains  a  profit  of  $4,894,486,  or  nearly  sixty-eight  per  cent, 
on  the  capital  invested. 

The  commerce  of  the  state,  both  domestic  and  foreign,  has  been  very  ex 
tensive.  The  direct  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  the  Missouri,  the  Ohio 
and  their  tributaries,  amounts  in  round  numbers  to  17,000  miles,  pouring  the 
products  of  fourteen  states  into  the  magazines  of  New  Orleans  for  foreign 
exportation.  New  Orleans  is  the  greatest  cotton  market  in  the  world. 

The  products  for  1866  were— corn,  6,910,035  bushels,  value,  $8,499,343 ;  potatoes,  206.258  bush 
els,  value,  $249,572;  tobacco,  59,910  pounds,  value,  $23,964;  hay,  36,900  tons,  value,  $1,107,000. 
In  1866-7  there  were  347  sugar  plantations  under  partial  cultivation,  the  product  being  estimated 
at  about  40,000  hogsheads  of  sugar,  and  65,000  barrels  of  molasses.  In  1860  the  amount  of  cot 
ton  raised  was  722,218  bales. 

Banks.  The  number  of  National  Banks,  September  30, 1868,  was— organized,  3 ;  closed  or 
Closing,  1 ;  in  operation,  2;  with  a  capital  of  $1,800,000. 


1869.]  MAINE.  353 

14.  MAINE: 

Capital,  Augusta.    Area,  35,000  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  628,279. 
Maine  was  settled  at  York  in  1623  by  the  English;  it  was  a  part  of  Massa 
chusetts  until  1820  when  it  became  an  independent  State  and  was  admitted 
into  the  Union. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor J.  L.  CHAMBERLAIN $2,500 

Secretary  of  State FRANKLIN  M .  DREW Brunswick 1,500 

Treasurer  and  Receiver  General NATHAN  G.  NICHBORN 1,600 

Attorney  General WILLIAM  P.  FRYE Lewistown 1,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  WARREN  JOHNSON 1,800 

Secretary  of  Board  of  Agriculture...^.  L.  GOODALE 1,200 

Adjutant,  General JOHN  C.  CALDWELL Ellsworth 1,600 

Land  Agent PARKER  P.  BURLEIGH Linneus 

The  Governor  is  chosen  by  the  legal  voters  of  the  State,  on  the  second 
Monday  in  September,  annually,  and  holds  office  one  year  from  the  January 
following.  He  is  aided  by  a  council  of  seven  persons,  who  with  the  remain 
ing  state  officers,  are  chosen  by  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  joint 
convention.  The  Senate  composed  of  31,  and  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  151  members,  are  elected,  annually,  by  the  people.  The  Legislature  meets 
in  regular  session  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January.  Each  member  of  the 
Senate  and  House  is  entitled  to  $150  for  attendance  at  a  regular  session,  and 
$2  for  every  ten  miles  of  travel.  For  attendance  at  an  extra  session  the  com 
pensation  is  $2  per  day. 

All  male  citizens  of  the  United  States  of  the  age  of  21  years  and  upwards, 
excepting  paupers,  criminals,  persons  under  guardianship,  and  Indians  not 
taxed,  who  have  resided  in  the  State  three  months  previous  to  an  election, 
are  entitled  to  vote.  Persons  in  the  military,  naval,  or  marine  service,  and 
students,  are  not  deemed  to  have  acquired  a  residence. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  composed  of 
one  Chief  Justice  and  six  Associate  Justices,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the 
Legislature  may  establish.  The  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  appointed 
by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  of  the  Council,  and  hold  their  offices  for 
seven  years.  The  original  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  em 
braces  all  suits  where  the  title  to  real  estate  is  involved,  or  where  the  damages 
demanded  exceed  twenty  dollars.  It  has  jurisdiction  of  all  criminal  offences 
except  those  cognizable  by  a  justice  of  the  peace,  or  a  police  or  municipal 
Judge. 

Its  appellate  jurisdiction  extends  to  all  cases,  civil  or  criminal,  which  may 
have  been  originally  brought  before  inferior  magistrates,  and  to  appeals  from 
the  decrees  of  the  Judge  of  Probate. 

For  the  purpose  of  hearing  questions  of  law  and  cases  in  equity,  the  State  is  divided  into  the 
Eastern,  the  Middle,  and  the  Western  Districts. 

The  Eastern  District  includes  Aroostook,  Washington,  Hancock,  Piscataquis,  Waldo,  and 
Penobscot  counties.  The  Middle  District  includes  Somerset,  Knox,  Sagadahoc,  Lincoln,  and 
Kennebec  counties.  The  Western  District  includes  Franklin,  Oxford,  Androscoggin,  York, 
and  Cumberland  counties. 

23 


354 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[18G9. 


UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Nathan  Clifford.  District  Judge,  Edward  Fox.  District  Attorney,  G.  F.  Talbot, 
Marshal,  Charles  Clark.  Clerk  Circuit  Court,  George  F.  Emery.  Clerk  District  Court,  William 
P.  Preble. 

SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  John  Appleton.  Associate  Justices,  Jonas  Cutting,  Edward  Kent,  J.  L.  Dicker- 
son,  Charles  W.  Walton,  William  G.  Barrows?,  Rufus  P.  Topley.  Salaries,  $2,500  each. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COURT. 

For  Androscoggin  County,  at  Auburn,  3d  Tuesday  in  January,  April,  and  September;  Aroostook 
Co.,  at  Houlton,  last  Tuesday  in  February,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  September;  Cumberland  Co.,  at 
Portland,  civil  actions,  2d  Tuesday  in  January,  April,  and  October ;  criminal  actions,  last  Tues 
day  in  July  and  November;  Franklin  Co.,  at  Farmington,  last  Tuesday  in  March  and  4th  Tues 
day  in  September;  Hancock  Co.,  at  Ellsworth,  4th  Tuesday  in  April  and  October;  Itennebec  Co., 
at  Augusta,  1st  Tuesday  in  March  and  August,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  October ;  Knox  Co.,  at  Rock- 
land,  2d  Tuesday  in  March,  and  4th  Tuesday  in  September;  Lincoln  C'o.,atWiscasset,  1st  Tues 
day  in  April,  and  4th  Tuesday  in  October;  Oxford  Co.,  at  Paris,  2d  Tuesday  in  March  and  3d 
Tuesday  in  September ;  Penobscot  Co.,  at  Bangor,  civil  actions,  1st  Tuesday  in  January  and 
April,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  October;  criminal  actions,  1st  Tuesday  in  February,  and  2d  Tuesday 
in  August ;  Piscataquis  Co.,  at  Dover,  last  Tuesday  in  February,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  September ; 
Sagadahoc  Co.,  at  Bath,  1st  Tuesday  in  April,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  August  and  December,  (De 
cember  term  for  civil  actions  only) ;  Somerset  Co.,  at  Norridgcwock,  3d  Tuesday  in  March  arid 
September  ;  Waldo  Co.,  at  Belfast.  3d  Tuesday  in  April  and  October;  Washington  Co.,  at  Ma- 
chias,  4th  Tuesday  in  April,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  October ;  York  Co.,  at  Saco,  1st  Tuesday  in  Jan 
uary  ;  at  Alfred,  4th  Tuesday  in  April,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  September. 


FINANCES. 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  January  1,  1867, 
Amount  received  during  the  year  1867, 

Total  in  the  Treasury,    - 
Amount  paid  out,         - 

Cash  on  hand  December  31, 1867,     - 


$232,192.49 
1,604,673.84 

>1,836,866.33 
51,628,024.32 

208,842.01 


CHIEF  SOURCES  OF  REVENUE. 

Payments  by  the  United  States. . .. $209,144.35       Bank  tax $4,287.50 

State  and  County  taxes 1,340,566.67        School  Fund  andEduca'nal  Purposes. 31,148.92 

Interest  and  Licenses 5,232.95       Miscellaneous 5,293.45 


Public  Debt 

Public  Debt  Interest 

Sinking  Fund 

Soldiers'1  Pensions 

Other  payments  for  soldiers 

Insane  Paupers 

Reform  School 

State  Prison  . . . 


EXPENDITURES. 

....$37,000.00        Salaries $46,000.00 

....  308,000.00       Legislative  expenses 39,000.00 

....  47,000.00        State  Constabulary 10,000.00 

. . . .  40,000.00       Printing. 15,000.00 

....  27,000.00       School  Fund 51,500.00 

....  20,000.00       Miscellaneous 135,000.54 

18.000.00       Interest  uncalled  for 21,645.00 

....  10,000.00       Warrants  unpaid 28,275.98 


RESOURCES  OF  THE  STATE. 

Cash  in  the  Treasury  January  1,1868 , $208,842.01 

Balance  due  on  State  taxes  to  1866,  inclusive 841,723.76 

Securities  in  the  Land  Office— Bills  receivable $2-8,438.76 

"  "  "  School  Fund...  ...40,394.25 

$68,833.01 

$1,119,398.78 


1869.]  MAINE.  355 

LIABILITIES  OF  THE  STATE. 

Public  Debt $5,090,500.00        Interest  due  and  uncalled  for $21,645.00 

Trust  Funds  held  by  the  State  ....  1,239,680.73        Warrants  drawn  and  unpaid 28,275.98 

Balance  due  on  sundry  accounts. . .      42,074.15        Amount  due  on  county  taxes 4,582.40 

Total * $6,426,764.26 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  Public  Debt  of  Maine  at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  wag  $699,500.  The  balance  of 
this?,  January  1,  1868,  was  about  $458,000,  from  $30,000  to  $60,000  of  which  falls  due  and  is  paid 
each  year. 

The  war  debt  on  the  first  of  January,  1868,  amounted  to  $4,632,500,  of  which  $800,000  matures 
in  1871.  To  provide  for  this,  the  State  has  a  sinking  fund  of  $123,775  a  year,  which  in  1868 
amounted  to  $330,855.  It  has  also  $209,144  collected  from  the  general  Government  for  the  same 
purpose,  and  other  funds  already  provided,  amounting  in  the  aggregate,  January  1868,  to  $627,- 
550,  leaving  as  the  actual  indebtedness  of  the  State  on  the  war  account,  at  that  time,  $4,000,000. 
The  war  indebtedness  matures  as  follows  : 

In  1871 $800,000       1880 $475,000       1883 $525,000       1889 $2,832,500 

EDUCATION. 

There  are  in  Maine  two  colleges,  Bowdoin  and  Waterville ;  one  Theologi 
cal  Seminary,  and  nearly  seventy  Academies  and  private  Seminaries,  besides 
the  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  which  has  been  recently  es 
tablished  and  has  only  a  portion  of  its  buildings  completed. 

The  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools  has  the  general  supervision  of 
Public  Schools,  and  reports  annually  to  the  Governor  of  the  State.  The 
local  supervision  is  in  the  hands  of  town  school  committees,  who  visit  the 
schools  and  report  annually  their  general  progress  and  particular  condition. 

There  are  two  Normal  Schools  in  the  State ;  the  first  or  Western  State 
Normal  School  was  opened  at  Farmington,  August  24,  1864.  The  Legisla 
ture,  in  1867,  provided  for  the  purchase  of  the  buildings  of  the  Farmington 
Academy,  in  which  the  school  had  been  conducted  from  its  organization,  and 
has  thus  secured  for  it  a  permanent  and  desirable  home.  The  Eastern  Nor 
mal  School  was  opened  in  1867  at  Castine.  Both  have  received  the  com 
mendation  of  the  Governor  and  the  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  towns,  405 ;  school  districts,  3,843 ;  parts  of  districts,  .339  ; 
number  of  persons  between  4  and  21  years  of  age,  212,309;  number  registered  in  summer  schools, 
110,936;  average  attendance.  85,965  ;  registered  in  winter  schools,  129,848;  average  attendance, 
99.690 ;  average  attendance  for  summer  and  winter,  92,827 ;  number  in  winter  who  did  not  at 
tend  in  summer,  20.708;  ratio  of  attendance  to  whole  number  of  scholars,  .44;  average  length 
of  schools  in  weeks  and  days,  summer  9.1;  winter  9.0;  sum  of  average,  18.1.  Number  of 
school  houses  in  the  State,  3,782 ;  number  reported  in  good  condition,  2,065 ;  number  built  with 
in  the  year,  79  ;  cost  of  the  same,  $323,581.13. 

Number  of  teachers  in  winter— males,  1,857;  females,  2,042;  in  summer— males,  71 ;  females, 
3.781.  Wages  of  male  teachers  per  month,  besides  board,  $28.78 ;  of  female  teachers  per  week, 
besides  board,  $2.71. 

School  money  raised  by  taxation,  $518,292.97;  excess  above  requirement  of  law,  $91,a35,97. 
Average  amount  raised  per  scholar,  $2.26.  Amount  of  permanent  school  fund  December  31, 
$244.121.53 ;  income  of  same  apportioned  to  schools,  $13,244.14 ;  bank  tax  apportioned  to  schools, 
$4.475.00;  amount  derived  from  local  funds,  $14,179.25;  contributed  to  prolong  public  schools, 
$15,316.93.  Amount  paid  to  private  schools,  academies,  &c.,  within  the  State,  $40.614.33; 
amount  paid  for  same  out  of  the  State,  $6,428 ;  paid  for  repairs,  fuel,  &c.,  $71,511.06.  Aggregate 
expenditure  for  school  purposes,  $936,131.75. 


356  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  at  Augusta,  was  first  opened  in  October  1840. 
It  is  visited  monthly  by  committees  of  trustees,  who  at  their  visits  see  every 
patient,  and  examine  into  the  condition  of  the  halls  and  dormitories,  and  the 
general  management  of  the  Hospital. 

The  State  Reform  School,  at  Cape  Elizabeth,  has  been  in  operation  since 
November  14,  1853.  In  addition  to  the  ordinary  employment  of  the  boys 
in  shops  and  on  the  farm,  a  considerable  number  work  at  brick  and  tile 
making,  which  has  been  found  a  convenient  and  profitable  occupation  for 
them.  The  Legislature,  in  1867,  provided  for  a  report  on  the  subject  of  an 
Industrial  School  for  girls.  Hon.  George  B.  Barrows,  the  commissioner  under 
the  resolution,  after  careful  investigation  of  the  wants  of  this  class  in  the 
State,  and  inquiries  as  to  the  success  and  operations  of  Industrial  Schools  in 
other  States  and  countries,  in  1868  made  a  full  report  to  the  Governor,  recom 
mending  the  establishment  of  such  a  school  in  Maine. 

Insane  Hospital,  Augusta.  HENRY  M.  HARLOW,  Superintendent.  Number  of  patients 
in  the  hospital,  December  1,1866 — males,  133;  females,  143;  total,  276.  Admitted  during  the 
year — males,  89 ;  females,  61 ;  total,  150.  Whole  number  under  treatment  during  the  year — 
males,  222 ;  females,  204  ;  total,  426.  Number  of  patients  discharged  during  the  year — males, 
78;  females,  45;  total,  120* — recovered,  54;  improved,  27;  unimproved,  11'.  Number  died 
during  the  year — males,  19  ;  females,  12 ;  total,  31.  Civil  condition  of  those  admitted — married, 
70;  unmarried,  64 ;  widowed,  16.  Causes  of  insanity — ill  health,  39;  intemperance,  21 ;  do 
mestic  affliction,  10  ;  over  exertion,  8 ;  epilepsy,  8  ;  unknown,  27 ;  miscellaneous,  37.  Whole 
number  admitted  since  the  opening  of  the  institution,  3,194;  discharged,  2,891;  recovered, 
1,310;  improved,  566 ;  unimproved,  506 ;  died,  509. 

State  Reform  School,  Cape  Elizabeth.  E.  W.  WOODBURY,  Superintendent.  Number  of 
boys  in  the  school  December  1, 1866,  169 ;  committed  during  the  year,  65 ;  apprentices  returned, 
16;  total  received  during  the  year,  81  ;  whole  number  in  school  during  the  year,  442.  Of  these, 
were  discharged  or  apprenticed,  53 ;  allowed  to  leave  on  trial,  4 ;  violated  trust,  3 ;  escaped,  10 ; 
remanded,  1 ;  died,  2;  total,  73.  Remaining,  November  30,  1867,  169.  Whole  number  of  boys 
received  since  the  opening  of  the  school,  1,0-17,  of  whom  were  committed  by  the  Supreme  Judi 
cial  Court,  104 ;  by  municipal  courts,  360;  by  police,  178 ;  by  trial  justices,  305.  Discharged  on 
expiration  of  sentence,  201 ;  by  Trustees,  284  ;  indentured,  248;  allowed  to  leave  on  trial,  26  ; 
allowed  to  enlist,  19 ;  illegally  committed,  3;  remanded,  10:  pardoned,  6;  escaped,  30;  violated 
trust,  8 ;  died,  12;  delivered  to  court,  3 ;  returned  to  masters,  3. 

STATE  PRISON. 

The  State  Prison  was  enlarged  in  1867,  to  make  room  for  the  increasing 
number  of  convicts.  The  old  wing  was  removed  and  a  new  wing  built  110 
feet  long  and  47  feet  wide.  Three  houses  and  lots  were  also  bought  for  resi 
dences  for  the  officers.  The  reports  of  the  Warden  and  Inspectors  for  the 
year  1867,  give  the  following  statistics  : 

State  Prison,  Thomaston.  W.  W.  RICE,  Warden.  Whole  number  of  convicts,  November 
30, 1866,  135;  number  received  during  the  year,  56;  number  discharged,— by  expiration  of  sen 
tence,  22;  pardoned,  16;  died,  2;  escaped,  1 ;  removed  to  jails,  22;  total  discharged,  63.  Re 
maining  November  30,  1867,  128.  Of  these,  there  were  committed— for  larceny,  56 ;  burglary, 
18;  murder,  14;  assault  to  kill,  5;  robbery,  6;  miscellaneous,  29;  total,  128.  Whole  number 
received  since  opening  of  the  institution,  1,724.  There  have  been  discharged— on  expiration 
of  sentence,  1,100;  on  writ  of  error,  1 ;  pardoned,  390;  died,  54;  removed  to  Insane  Hospital, 
7;  removed  to  Alfred  and  Wiscasset  jails,  sentences  commuted,  4  ;  removed  to  jails  by  Warden, 
22;  escaped  and  not  retaken,  18;  total,  1,596. 

Estimated  expenses  for  the  year  1868 :  Expense  account,  $1,200 ;  clothing,  $2,000  ;  fuel  and 
lights,  $2,000;  subsistence,  $7,000;  convicts  discharged,  $500;  transporting  convicts,  $350; 
officers1  salaries,  $11,550;  total,  $24,600.  Probable  income,  $24,600. 


1869.]  MAINE.  357 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

There  is  no  stated  time  for  a  census  in  Maine,  and  we  have  no  means  of  as 
certaining  the  present  number  of  inhabitants,  but  it  was  estimated  by  the 
Governor  in  his  last  annual  address  in  1868,  at  650,000.  The  population  has 
been  largely  of  English  or  New  England  origin,  but  emigration  from  Europe 
and  the  British  North  American  provinces,  has  of  late  been  directed  more 
to  this  State.  The  aggregate  population  at  each  decade  from  1790  to  1860, 
was  as  follows: 

Inc.  per  cent.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790..  .96,540 1830 399,455 33.89 

1800 151,719 57.16        1840 501,793 25.62 

1810 223,705 50.74        1850 5&3,169 16.22 

1820 298,335 30.45       1860 628,279 7.74 

Of  the  population,  in  1860,  560,030  were  born  in  the  State  ;  29,796  in  other  States ;  37,453  in  for 
eign  countries,  of  whom  2,677  were  born  in  England  ;  15,290  in  Ireland;  759  in  Scotland;  88  in 
Wales ;  17,540  in  British  America;  384  in  Germany ;  120  in  France,  and  36,858  in  other  foreign 
countries.  In  the  leading  pursuits,  64,843  were  farmers,  18,734  laborers,  15,865  farm  laborers, 
13,371  servants,  11,375  mariners,  7,087  factory  hands,  5,209  teachers,  4,952  carpenters,  4,607  fish 
ermen,  4,584  shoemakers,  3,032  merchants,  2,777  blacksmiths,  &c. 

The  peculiar  situation  of  this  State,  its  extensive  forests,  and  great  length 
of  coast  indented  by  bays  and  inlets,  with  a  larger  number  of  good  harbors 
than  any  other  State  in  the  Union,  ha's  furnished  special  facilities  for  the 
pursuit  of  the  lumber  business  and  ship  building.  It  is  estimated  that  200,- 
000,000  feet  of  lumber  had  been  surveyed  prior  to  the  establishment  of  the 
office  of  Surveyor  General  in  1832.  More  than  3,000,000,000  of  feet  of  long 
lumber  have  been  surveyed  since,  the  amount  in  1866  being  237,147,006  feet, 
besides  staves,  laths,  clapboards,  pickets,  &c.  In  1860,  737  saw  mills  em 
ployed  over  $4,049,608  and  4,400  hands,  producing  lumber  valued  at  $6,598,865. 

Various  causes,  some  of  them  national  rather  than  local,  have  depressed 
the  interests  of  ship  building.  The  State  for  many  years  furnished  one-third 
of  the  tonnage  of  the  United  States.  The  number  of  vessels  built  in  1860 
was  172,  a  greater  number  than  in  any  other  State  except  New  York,  and 
the  tonnage,  57,867,  was  even  greater  than  that. 

The  statistics  gathered  by  the  Hydrographic  survey,  though  not  yet  com 
plete,  give  1,900  water  powers  from  20  to  20,000  horse  power  each,  making 
an  aggregate  of  about  400,000  horse  power.  Though  not  so  extensively  en 
gaged  in  manufactures  as  some  of  the  other  New  England  States,  there  were 
in  1860,  3,810  manufacturing  establishments,  each  producing  $5,000  and  up 
wards  annually,  of  which  19  were  cotton  factories,  employing  $6,018,325 
capital  and  6,764  hands,  and  producing  goods  valued  at  $6,235,623. 

In  some  parts  of  the  State  agriculture  is  successfully  conducted,  with  re 
turns  satisfactory  to  the  agriculturist.  The  railroad  interests  have  already 
contributed  to  the  increase  of  commerce  in  the  principal  seaports,  and  sev 
eral  new  railroads  now  building  or  contemplated,  will  when  completed  fur 
nish  increased  facilities  and  add  to  the  wealth  of  the  State. 

Products,  1866.  Bushels  of  corn,  1,624,239;  wheat,  193,150;  rye,  156,649;  oats,  2,653,626; 
barley,  742,619 ;  potatoes,  6,146,725 ;  hay,  957,772  tons. 

Banks.    September  30,  1868,  there  were  Cl  National  Banks,  with  $9,085,000  capital. 
Railroads.    There  are  six  hundred  and  thirty-two  miles  of  railroads  which  cost  $22,466,124. 


358  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

15.    MARYLAND. 

Capital,  Annapolis.    Area,  11,124  square  miles.    Population,  687,049. 
This  state  was  settled  at  St.  Mary,  in  1G34,  by  Roman  Catholics  under 
Cecil  and  Leonard  Calvert.     It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  states,  formed 
a  constitution,  August  14,  1776,  and  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  April  28,  1788. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAMES.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor ODEN  BOWIE Prince  George's  Co $4,500 

Secretary  of  State RICHARD  C.  HOLLYDAT Talbot  Co 2,000 

Treasurer ROBERT  FOWLER Baltimore  Co 2,500 

Comptroller WM.  J.  LEONARD Wicomoco  Co 2,500 

Commissioner  of  Land  Office GEO.  L.  L.  DAVIS Baltimore  City 1,500 

Adjutant  General JOHN  S.  BERRY Baltimore  Co 2,000 

Attorney  General ISAAC  D.  JONES Baltimore  City 3,000 

State  Librarian HENRY  A.  SILVER Baltimore  City 1,500 

Supt.  of  Labor  and  Agriculture WM.  S.  MCPHERSON Frederick  Co 2,500 

The  executive  power  of  the  state  is  vested  in  a  Governor  chosen  by  the 
legal  voters  of  the  state,  for  four  years  and  until  a  successor  shall  be 
qualified.  The  last  election  for  governor  was  held  in  November,  1867.  In 
case  of  the  death,  resignation,  removal  or  disqualification  of  the  governor, 
the  General  Assembly  must  elect  some  other  qualified  person.  In  case  of  any 
vacancy  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature,  the  President  of  the  Senate  is 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  office  until  a  governor  is  elected. 

The  Secretary  of  State,  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office,  Adjutant 
General,  and  State  Librarian  are  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  continue  in  office  during  the  offic 
ial  term  of  the  governor,  unless  removed  by  him.  The  Treasury  Department 
consists  of  a  Comptroller  chosen  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  state  and  a 
Treasurer  appointed  by  the  legislature,  both  to  hold  office  for  two  years. 

The  Attorney  General  and  the  Superintendent  of  Labor  and  Agriculture 
are  chosen  in  the  same  manner  and  at  the  same  time  as  the  governor,  and  the 
term  of  office  is  the  same.  The  official  residence  of  the  above  named  officers 
is  at  Annapolis. 

Each  of  the  21  counties  in  the  state  and  each  of  the  three  Legislative  Dis 
tricts  of  Baltimore  City  is  entitled  to  one  Senator,  24  in  all.  The  House  of 
Delegates  is  composed  of  86  members,  18  from  the  city  of  Baltimore,  and  68 
from  the  different  counties,  apportioned  by  the  constitution  partly  according 
to  population,  but  limiting  the  city  of  Baltimore  and  larger  counties.  Sena 
tors  are  elected  for  four  years,  and  Delegates  for  two  years,  but  the  present 
senate  is  divided  into  two  classes,  the  term  of  office  of  the  first  class  will 
terminate  in  1869,  and  half  the  Senate  will  be  elected  biennially  with  the 
House  of  Delegates  in  the  years  intervening  between  those  in  which  elec 
tions  for  representatives  in  Congress  are  held.  Persons  holding  any  office 
under  the  United  States,  and  ministers  of  the  Gospel  are  not  eligible  to 
either  house. 

The  General  Assembly  meets  once  in  two  years  on  the  first  Wednesday  in 
January,  1870,  &c.,  and  may  continue  for  a  period  not  longer  than  ninety 


1869.]  MARYLAND.  359 

days.  The  pay  of  Senators  and  Delegates  is  $5  per  day  for  each  day's  atten 
dance,  and  mileage,  at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  mile.  The  presiding  officer 
of  each  house  receives  an  additional  compensation  of  $3  per  day. 

Every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  the  age  of  21  years  or 
upwards,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  one  year,  and  in  the  Legislative  Dis 
trict  or  County  in  which  he  offers  to  vote,  for  six  months,  is  entitled  to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  State  is  vested  in  a  Court  of  Appeals,  Circuit 
Courts  of  the  Counties,  the  various  Courts  of  Baltimore  City,  Orphans'  Courts, 
and  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Judges  must  be  citizens  of  the  State  of 
Maryland,  and  have  resided  therein  not  less  than  five  years,  and  not  less  than 
six  months  next  preceding  their  election  or  appointment  in  the  Judicial  Cir 
cuit  for  which  they  may  be  elected  or  appointed ;  they  must  be  not  less  than 
thirty  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  their  election,  and  be  selected  from  those 
who  have  been  admitted  to  practice  law  in  this  state,  and  who  are  most  dis 
tinguished  for  integrity,  wisdom,  and  sound  legal  knowledge. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  is  composed  of  the  Chief  Judges  of  the  first  seven 
of  the  several  Judicial  Circuits  of  the  state,  and  a  Judge  from  the  City  of 
Baltimore  specially  elected  thereto.  The  Governor  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate  designates  the  Chief  Justice. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  has  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  is  co-exten 
sive  with  the  limits  of  the  state.  Four  of  the  Judges  constitute  a  quorum  ; 
no  cause  can  be  decided  without  the  concurrence  of  at  least  three ;  but  the 
Judge  who  heard  the  cause  below  must  not  participate  in  the  decision. 

The  state  is  divided  into  eight  Judicial  Circuits,  namely:  The  counties  of  Worcester,  Somer 
set,  Wicomico,  and  Dorchester,  constitute  the  First  Circuit ;  Caroline,  Talbot,  Queen  Ann's, 
Kent,  and  Cecil,  the  second;  Baltimore  and  Harford  the  third;  Allegany  and  Washington,  the 
fourth;  Carrol,  Iloward,  and  Anne  Arundel,  the  fifth;  Montgomery  and  Frederick,  the  sixth; 
Prince  George's,  Charles  Calvert,  and  Saint  Mary's,  the  seventh ;  and  Baltimore  City,  the  eighth. 

In  each  of  said  circuits  (excepting  the  eighth)  there  must  be  a  Chief  Judge  and  two  Associate 
Judges,  styled  Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court.  In  the  Eighth  Circuit  there  are  six  courts,  styled  the 
Supreme  Bench  of  Baltimore  City,  the  Superior  Court  of  Baltimore  City,  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  of  Baltimore  City,  the  Baltimore  City  Court,  the  Circuit  Court  of  Baltimore  City,  and  the 
Criminal  Court  of  Baltimore  City. 

The  Judges  of  the  Judicial  Circuits  are  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  their  respective 
circuits.  The  term  of  office  is  fifteen  years  or  until  the  Judge  shall  have  attained  the  age  of 
seventy  years.  The  Clerks  are  elected  by  the  people  and  hold  their  office  for  six  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Salmon  P.  Chase.  District  Judge,  William  P.  Giles.  District  Attorney,  A.  S. 
Ridgely.  Marshal,  Wm.  Bonifant.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  James  W.  Chew. 

COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

CMef  Judge,  James  L.  Bartol,  Baltimore.  $3,500.  The  other  Judges  are  the  Chief  Judges  of 
the  first  seven  Judicial  Circuits  following.  Clerk,  James  S.  Franklin,  Anne  Arundel  Co., 
$3,000.  Reporter,  J.  Shorff  Stockett,  Annapolis,  $500  and  copyright  of  reports. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

\st  Circuit— Chief  Judge,  James  A.  Stewart,  Cambridge.  Associate  Judges,  Worcester  Co., 
John  R.  Franklin,  Snow  Hill;  Somerset  Co.,  Levin  T.  H.  Irving,  Princess  Anne. 

2d  Circuit—  Chief  Judge,  John  M.  Robinson,  Centerville.  Associate  Judges,  Kent  Co.,  Joseph 
A.  Wickes,  Chestertown ;  Caroline  Co.,  Frederick  Stump,  Elkton. 


360  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

3<Z  Circuit— Chief  Judge,  Richard  Grason,  Towsontown.  Associate  Judges,  Baltimore  Co., 
George  Yellott,  Towsontown ,  Ilarford  Co.,  Alfred  W.  Bateman,  Belair. 

4th  Circuit— Chief  Judge,  Richard  H.  Alvey,  Hagerstown.  Associate  Judges,  Washington  Co., 
William  Motter,  Hagerstown ;  Allegany  Co.,  Thomas  Perry,  Cumberland. 

5th  Circuit — Chief  Judge,  Oliver  Miller,  Annapolis.  Associate  Judges,  Howard  Co.,  Edward 
Hammond,  Ellicott  City  ;  Carroll  Co.,  William  N.  Hayden,  Westminster. 

6th  Circuit — Chief  Judge,  Madison  Nelson,  Frederick  City.  Associate  Judges,  Frederick  Co., 
John  A.  Lynch,  Frederick  City,  Montgomery  Co.,  William  Viero  Bouie,  Frederick  City. 

1th  Circuit — Chief  Judge,  George  Brent,  Port  Tobacco.  Associate  Judges,  CalvertCo.,  Daniel 
R.  Magruder,  Prince  Frederick ;  St.  Mary's  Co.,  Robert  Ford,  Leonardtown. 

BALTIMORE  CITY  COURT. 

Supreme  Bench — Chief  Judge,  T.  Parkin  Scott,  assigned  to  the  Baltimore  City  Court.  Asso 
ciate  Judges,  George  W.  Dobbin,  assigned  to  the  Superior  Court.  Campbell  W.  Pinkney,  as 
signed  to  the  Circuit  Court  (Equity).  Henry  F.  Garey,  assigned  to  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  Robert  Gilmore,  Jr.,  assigned  to  the  Criminal  Court. 

Clerks— Superiw  Court,  George  Robinson;  Circuit  Court,  James  R.  Brewer;  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  I.  Freeman  Rasin ;  Criminal  Court,  William  F.  McKewen. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  holds  its  sessions  in  the  city  of  Annapolis  on  the  first  Monday  in  April 
and  October. 

The  Circuit  Courts  are  held  as  follows : 

Allegany  County,  at  Cumberland,  1st  Monday  in  January,  2d  Monday  in  April,  and  1st  Mon 
day  in  October.  Anne  Arundel  County,  at  Annapolis,  3d  Monday  of  April,  and  4th  Monday  of 
October.  Baltimore  County,  at  Towsontown,  1st  Monday  in  March,  3d  Monday  in  May,  4th 
Monday  in  August,  and  1st  Monday  in  December.  Calvert  County,  at  Prince  Frederick.  2d 
Monday  in  May,  and  2d  Monday  in  October.  Carolina  County,  at  Denton,  2d  Monday  in  March, 
and  1st  Monday  in  October.  Carroll  County,  at  Westminster,  2d  Monday  in  May,  and  2d  Mon 
day  in  November.  Cecil  County,  at  Elkton,  2d  Monday  in  January,  1st  Monday  in  April,  and  3d 
Monday  in  September.  Charles  County,  at  Port  Tobacco,  1st  Monday  in  May,  and  1st  Mon 
day  in  December.  Dorchester  County,  at  Cambridge,  4th  Monday  in  January,  April  and  July, 
and  2d  Monday  in  November.  Frederick  County,  at  Frederick  City,  2d  Monday  in  February, 
and  3d  Monday  in  October.  Ilarford  County,  at  Bel  Air.  2d  Monday  in  May,  and  2d  Monday  in 
November.  Howard  County,  at  Ellicott  City,  3d  Monday  in  March,  and  1st  Monday  in  Septem 
ber.  Kent  County,  at  Chestertown,  3d  Monday  in  April,  and  3d  Monday  in  October.  Montgom 
ery  County,  at  Rockville,  1st  Monday  in  February,  and  2d  Monday  in  August.  Prince  George's 
County,  at  Upper  Marlboro,  1st  Monday  in  April,  and  1st  Monday  in  November.  Queen  Anne's 
County,  at  Centerville,  1st  Monday  in  May  and  November.  St.  Mary's  County,  at  Leonardtown, 
3d  Monday  in  March  and  November.  Somerset  County,  at  Princess  Anne,  2d  Monday  in  January 
and  July,  and  1st  Monday  in  April  and  October.  Talbot  County,  at  Easton,  3d  Monday  in  May 
and  November.  Washington  County,  at  Hagerstown,  1st  Monday  in  March,  4th  Monday  in  July, 
and  2d  Monday  in  November.  Wicomico  County,  courts  to  be  held  at  Salisbury,  but  terms  not 
yet  established  by  the  General  Assembly.  Worcester  County,  at  Snow  Hill,  3d  Monday  in  Jan 
uary,  May,  July  and  October. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  on  hand,  September  30,  18G6,  -        $367,816.36 

Receipts  on  sundry  accounts,  -  -  2,362,876.88 


Total,    -  -  -      $2,730,693.24 

Disbursements  on  sundry  accounts,  -  2,573,855.24 


Balance  on  hand  September  30,  1867,  -      $156,838.00 

CHIEF  SOURCES  OP  REVENUE. 

Auction  duties $11,986.28  Northern  Central  R.  R.  Co $00,000.00 

Bank  Stocks,  Dividends  and  bales . .  50,866.54  State  Scales 8,099.31 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R.  Co 490,121.28  State  Tobacco  Inspections 55,050.41 


1869.]  MARYLAND.  361 

Bounty  to  volunteers— repayments. .  .79,050.00  Southern  Relief  Fund  Invested  in  pro- 
Government  House— proceeds  of  sale.25,000.00           ceeds  of  Ag.  College  Scrip 100,000.00 

Fines  and  Forfeitures 5,119.51  Susquehanna  and  Tide  Water  Canal 

Grain  Inspections 5,996.93  Company 60,000,00 

Interest  on  Personal  Accounts 2,958.35        Taxes 714,950.70 

Land  Office 2,155.12       Miscellaneous 20,533.17 

Land  Scrip  for  Agricultural  College  .112,504.00       Balance  September  30, 1866 367,816.36 

Licenses 428,486.28 

Loans— temporary 100,000.00  $2,730,093.24 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  R.  R $2,940.45       House  of  Refuge 15,000.00 

Asylum  for  the  Blind 15,000.00        Interest  on  the  Public  Debt 732,129.27 

Antietam  National  Cemetery 3,000.00       Judiciary 60,631.22 

Ag.  College  Scrip 100,000.00        Legislature 158,755.43 

Bounty  to  volunteers,  &c 335,397.56       Maryland  Penitentiary 23,000.00 

Contingent  Funds  of  State  Officers ...  33,868.52       Public  School  Tax 406,832.55 

Colleges 28,650.00        Southern  Relief  Fund 100,000.00 

Convention— expenses  of 109,535.33        State  Ag.  College 21,000.00 

Civil  Officers— salaries  of 24,170.83       Miscellaneous 312,191.23 

Deaf  and  Dumb 6,450.00  Balance  in  Treasury  September  30, 

Defence  Loan 27.905.52  1867 156,838.00 

Disabled  Soldiers  Home 5,003.00 

Eastern  Shore  R.  R.  and  Corporation.52,397.33  $2,730,693.24 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  total  debt  of  the  state,  October,  1868,  was  $11,712,190.45;  amount 
of  stocks  held  for  sinking  fund,  $1,591,509.71 ;  other  dividend  paying  stocks, 
$5,547,470  ;  total,  $7,137,979.71 ;  unproductive  stocks  and  balances  due  from 
accounting  officers,  $20,601,926.86. 

EDUCATION. 

The  colleges  which  receive  State  donations,  are  St.  John's,  Annapolis; 
Washington,  Kent  County;  the  Agricultural,  Prince  George  County;*  Balti 
more  Female  College,  in  Baltimore  city.  Most  of  them  were  suspended  dur 
ing  the  late  civil  war,  but  they  have  been  re-organized  and  are  now  extend 
ing  their  means  of  influence.  St.  John's  College  was  re-opened,  September 
18,  1866,  with  about  sixty  students.  It  has  a  well  defined  and  comprehen 
sive  course  of  study,  and  offers  peculiar  advantages  to  students  from  the 
State.  The  number  is  gradually  increasing. 

The  general  supervision  of  Public  Schools  is  committed  to  the  Principal 
of  the  State  Normal  School,  who  is  elected  by  a  Board  of  the  Normal  School 
Trustees,  appointed  by  the  Governor  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Senate. 

There  is  a  Board  of  County  School  Commissioners,  composed  o'f  one  Com 
missioner  for  each  election  district,  chosen  by  the  people.  The  commission 
ers  have  power  to  divide  the  counties  into  school  districts,  to  levy  and  collect 
taxes  for  school  purposes,  and  establish  schools  of  different  grades.  Two 
trustees  are  elected  annually  in  each  school  district,  who,  with  the  school 
commissioners  of  the  election  district  in  which  the  school  house  is  situated, 
constitute  a  School  District  Board  which  has  the  care  and  control  of  all 
houses  and  lands  connected  therewith,  intended  for  school  purposes,  within 
the  limits  of  their  respective  districts.  The  County  School  Commissioners 


362  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

appoint  County  Examiners,  who  examine  teachers  and  give  certificates  of  two 
grades  to  continue  in  force  not  longer  than  three  years. 

The  State  Normal  School  was  opened  January  15,  1866,  with  11  students; 
the  first  term  closed  with  48,  the  second  with  71,  the  third  with  93,  and  110 
were  in  attendance  the  fifth  term.  In  September,  1866,  a  Model  School  was 
established  in  connection  with  it. 

A  Teachers'  Institute,  to  continue  five  days  may  be  held  during  vacation 
in  each  county  once  a  year,  and  the  County  Examiner  must  be  present,  and 
give  normal  instruction  to  the  teachers  each  day. 

Common  Schools.  Whole  number  of  schools,  1,279;  increase,  30;  whole  number  of 
pupils  in  attendance— boys.  40,168 ;  girls,  30,892 ;  total,  71,000;  increase.  6,267 ;  average  attend 
ance— boys,  28,379 ;  girls,  21,409;  increase,  6,138;  different  teachers— males,  892;  females,  666; 
total,  1,558;  increase.  25;  average  number  of  teachers — males,  740;  females,  542;  total,  1,282; 
increase,  132.  Average  number  of  schools,  1,205;  increase,  114;  number  of  mouths  schools 
were  open,  9. 

Amount  paid  for  teachers'  salaries,  $405,257.62;  increase,  $48,577.12;  amount  paid  for  inciden 
tal  expenses,  $28,080.85;  decrease,  $1,656.24;  amount  paid  for  rent  of  school  houses,  $2,866.42; 
increase,  $277.10.  Total  cost  of  schools,  $436,204.89 ;  increase,  $47,197.98  ;  cost  of  each  differ 
ent  pupil.  $6.14;  cost  of  each  average  pupil,  9  months,  $8.74.  Whole  number  of  school  houses 
reported,  1,264;  increase,  45;  whole  number  of  school  houses  built,  45;  increase,  28;  school 
houses  in  good  condition,  390;  in  ordinary  condition,  448;  in  bad  condition,  354;  condition  not 
reported,  72;  well  furnished,  251 ;  badly  furnished,  911 ;  not  reported,  102;  provided  with  maps 
and  globes,  139. 

Receipts  from  State  15  cent,  tax  for  1866  and  arrearages  of  1866,  $296,550.68 ;  state  free  school 
fund,  $62,675.98;  state  donations  to  public  schools,  $15,300.00;  interest  on  permanent  funds, 
$16,049.58  ;  local  tax  in  counties,  $92,032.94;  other  sources,  $14,652.59;  balance  in  the  treasuries 
July  31,  1866,  $33,198.89 ;  total,  $530,460.66.  Number  of  pupils  studying  each  branch  as  reported 
—spelling,  46,255 ;  reading,  40,005 ;  writing,  82,588 ;  arithmetic,  29,119 ;  geography,  18,881 ;  English 
grammar,  10,591 ;  history,  5,960 ;  book-keeping,  486 ;  algebra,  500 ;  natural  philosophy,  1,099 ; 
botany,  68 ;  rhetoric  and  composition,  168 ;  vocal  music,  1,000 ;  geometry,  14 ;  Latin,  83 ;  Greek.  7. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Baltimore  is  under  the  supervision 
of  a  Board  of  Visitors,  composed  of  one  member  for  each  county. 

The  Penitentiary  has  within  the  last  two  years  secured  increased  accommo 
dations  by  the  erection  of  additional  buildings,  but  is  still  cramped  in  its 
means  of  usefulness  for  the  want  of  greater  facilities. 

Maryland  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Baltimore.  JOHN  FONERDEN,  M.  D.,  Medical  Su 
perintendent.  Number  of  patients  in  hospital  Jan.  1,  1867— males,  61;  females,  40;  total,  101. 
Admitted  during  the  year— males,  87 ;  females,  28  ;  total,  115.  Discharged— recovered,  GO ;  im 
proved,  21 ;  unimproved,  6 ;  died,  16 ;  total,  103.  Remaining  January  1, 1868— males,  64 ;  females, 
49;  total,  113.  Of  these  52  are  paying,  and  61  public  patients. 

Maryland  Penitentiary,  Baltimore.  JOHN  W.  HORN,  Warden.  Number  of  prisoners, 
November  30,  1866,  636.  Received  during  the  year,  367.  Discharged— by  expiration  of  sentence, 
199;  by  pardon,  108:  died,  15;  escaped,  2;  total,  324.  Remaining  November  30,  1867,  679.  Of 
those  received  during  the  year— white  males,  141 ;  white  females,  3  ;  colored  males,  175 ;  colored 
females,  48;  total,  367.  Occupation — farm  hands,  192;  laborers,  181;  waiters,  29;  sailors.  23; 
houseservants,  67;  shoemakers,  13;  clerks,  12;  barbers,  9;  soldiers,  8;  miscellaneous,  145; 
total,  679.  Cause  of  commitment — larceny,  285;  stealing,  119;  assaults  with  various  intents, 
54;  burglary,  29;  horse  stealing,  26;  arson,  16;  felony,  14;  murder,  13;  robbery,  11;  murder  in 
1st  degree,  6 ;  murder  in  2d  degree,  25 ;  miscellaneous,  81 ;  total,  679.  Term  of  sentence — 1  year 
and  less,  68 ;  between  1  and  3  years,  191 ;  3  and  5  years,  143 ;  5  and  7  years,  110 ;  7  and  10  years, 
69;  10  and  15  years,  54 ;  15  and  20  years,  27;  20  and  38  years,  13;  life,  9;  total,  679.  Age— be 
tween  12  and  20,  178 ;  20  and  25,  223 ;  25  and  30,  120 ;  30  and  40,  101 ;  40  and  50,  42 ;  50  and  70,  15 ; 
total,  679.  Habits— strictly  temperate,  161 ;  moderate  drinkers,  34 ;  occasionally  intemperate, 


1869.]  MARYLAND.  353 

481 ;  habitually  intemperate,  3 ;  total,  679.    Grade  of  education— can  read  and  write,  224 ;  can 
only  read,  74 ;  cannot  read  or  write,  381 ;  total,  679. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  early  settlers  of  Maryland  were  principally  from  England  and  Ireland, 
and  a  few  from  Scotland.  The  freedom  of  worship,  and  the  peaceable  rela 
tions  existing  between  the  emigrants  and  the  Indians,  contributed  to  the 
prosperity  of  the  colony.  The  population  at  different  periods  was  as 
follows : 

Whites.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Increase  per  cent. 

1790 208,649 8,043 103,036 319,728  

1800 216,326 19,587 105,635 341,548 6.82 

1810 235,117 33,927 111,502 380,546 11.42 

1820 260,223 39,730 107,397 407,350 7.04 

1830 291,108 52,9:38 102.994 447,040 9.74 

1840 318,204 62,078 89,737 470,019 5.14 

1850 417,943 74,723 90,368 583,034 24.04 

1860 315,918 83,942 87,189 687,049 17.84 

The  United  States  Census  of  1860  shows  that  137,258  natives  of  Maryland 
were  then  residing  in  other  states,  and  40,694  natives  of  other  states  were 
residents  of  Maryland.  The  native  population  was  88.72  per  cent,  and  the 
foreign  11.28,  of  which  6.39  per  cent,  was  German,  but  in  the  city  of  Balti 
more  the  proportion  of  foreign  population  was  nearly  25  per  cent.  The  es 
tablishment  of  a  line  of  steamers  between  Baltimore  and  Bremen  it  is  believed 
will  facilitate  the  immigration  of  Germans.  The  introduction  of  slaves  from 
abroad  was  prohibited  in  1783  ;  and  in  1860  there  were  87,189  slaves  in  the 
state,  and  83,942  free  colored  persons.  The  number  of  the  latter  class  has 
since  been  increased  by  immigration  from  Virginia  and  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

The  soil  and  climate  of  Maryland  are  favorable  for  the  production  of  wheat, 
Indian  corn  and  other  grains,  fruits  and  tobacco ;  in  1860  it  was  the  fourth 
state  in  the  amount  of  the  latter  product,  and  in  the  amount  in  proportion 
to  the  number  of  acres  of  cultivated  land  no  state  surpassed  it  except  Ken 
tucky.  Baltimore  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  excellence  of  its  flour 
and  the  manufacture  of  this  article  is  an  important  branch  of  industry. 

Fruit  is  raised  in  large  quantities  and  forwarded  to  the  Northern  markets. 
The  Iron  and  coal  mines  are  worked  with  profit,  and  in  some  portions  of  the 
state  other  minerals  contribute  to  wealth. 

The  commerce  of  Baltimore  is  annually  increasing.  The  exports  of  grain, 
flour,  tobacco,  and  other  products  employ  a  large  number  of  vessels.  About 
5,000,000  bushels  of  oysters  are  annually  taken  to  this  city  and  put  up  for 
exportation.  More  than  16,000,000  cans  of  fruit,  oysters,  and  vegetables,  are 
prepared  for  market  every  year.  The  value  of  this  trade  is  upwards  of  f  5,- 
250,000. 

Products  for  1866.  Indian  Corn,  15,024,176  bushels,  value,  $13,972,483;  wheat,  4,383,708 
bushels,  value,  $12,882,101;  rye,  476,770  bushels,  value.  $553,053;  potatoes.  1,401,832  bushels, 
value,  $1.121,4155;  tobacco,  29,963,672  pounds,  value,  $3,086,258;  hay,  181,341  tons,  value,  $3,675,- 
782;  oats,  7,056,145  bushels,  value,  $3,880,880. 

Banks.  There  are  32  National  Banks  with  capital  amounting,  September  30,  1868,  to 
$12,790,202.50. 


364  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

16.    MASSACHUSETTS. 

Capital,  Boston.  Area,  7,800  square  miles.  Population,  (1865),  1,267,031. 
This  State  includes  the  original  colonies  of  Plymouth  and  Massachusetts  Bay ; 
the  former  was  settled  at  Plymouth,  in  1620,  and  the  latter  at  Salem,  in  1628. 
The  colonies  remained  under  separate  governments  until  united  by  the  char 
ter  of  1688.  Massachusetts  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States,  adopted  a 
constitution  in  1780,  and  ratified  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  in  1788. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor WILLIAM  CLAFLIN Newton $5,000 

Lieutenant  Governor JOSEPH  TUCKER Lenox * 

Secretary OLIVER  WARNER Northampton 2,500 

Treasurer  and  Receiver  General JACOB  LOUD Plymouth 3,000 

Auditor HENRY  S.  BRIGGS Pittsfield 2,500 

Attorney  General CHARLES  ALLEN Boston 3,500 

Sec.  Hoard  Education JOSEPH  WHITE Williamstown 3,000 

Sec.  Board  Agriculture CHARLES  L.  FLINT Boston 2,500 

EXECUTIVE  COUNCIL. 

DISTRICT.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.       DISTRICT.  NAME.  RESIDENCE. 

First M.  S.  UNDERWOOD... Dennis.  Fifth — ROLAND  G.  USHER — Lynn. 

Second . .  .CHARLES  ENDICOTT.  .Canton.  Sixth THOMAS  TALBOT Billerica. 

Third THOMAS  RICB,  JR Newton.  Seventh  ..CHARLES  ADAMS,  Jr.  .N.  Brookfield. 

Fourth... OTIS  NORCROSS Boston.  Eighth.. .HORATIO  G. KNIGHT.. Easthampton. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  MILITIA. 

Gov.  and  Command^r-in-  Chief WILLIAM  CLAFLIN Newton. 

Major  General BENJAMIN  F.  BUTLER Gloucester. 

Adjutant  and  Inspector  General JAMES  A.  CUNNINGHAM Boston. 

Assistant  Adjutant  General NEHEMIAH  BROWN Boston. 

Quartermaster  General JOHN  H.  REED Boston. 

Deputy  (Quartermaster  General SAMUEL  E.  CHAMBERLAIN Cambridge. 

Surgeon  General WILLIAM  J.  DALE Andovcr. 

Assistant  Surgeon  General ANSON  P.  HOOKER Cambridge. 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary,  Treasurer,  Auditor,  and 
Attorney  General  are  chosen  by  the  legal  voters  of  the  State  on  the  Tuesday  after 
the  first  Monday  in  November,  annually,  and  hold  office  one  year  from  the 
first  Wednesday  in  January.  Eight  councilors,  one  from  each  council  district, 
the  senators,  40  in  number,  and  representatives,  240  in  number,  are  chosen  at 
the  same  time  as  the  Governor,  and  hold  office  for  one  year.  The  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  constitute  the  Legislature,  styled  the  "  General 
Court  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts." 

The  pay  of  Councilors  is  $5  for  each  day's  attendance,  and  $2  for  every  ten 
miles  of  travel.  The  pay  of  Senators  and  Representatives,  $5  for  each  day's 
attendance  at  the  session,  and  $1  for  every  five  miles  of  travel  from  place  of 
abode.  The  President  of  the  Senate  and  Speaker  of  the  House  receive  $10 
for  each  day's  attendance. 

Every  male  citizen,  21  years  of  age,  able  to  read  the  constitution  in  the 
English  language,  and  write  his  name,  who  has  resided  in  the  State  one  year, 

*  For  attendance  at  sessions  of  Executive  Councils,  $10  a  day,  an'd  $1  for  every  live  miles 
travel  from  place  of  abode. 


1869.]  MASSACHUSETTS.  355 

and  in  his  election  district  six  months,  and  has  paid  a  tax  within  two  years, 
is  entitled  to  vote.     Paupers  and  persons  under  guardianship  are  excluded. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Judicial  Court  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  five  Asso 
ciate  Justices.  It  has  exclusive  cognizance  of  all  capital  crimes,  and  exclusive 
chancery  jurisdiction  so  far  as  chancery  powers  are  conferred  by  statute,  and 
concurrent  original  jurisdiction  of  all  civil  cases  where  the  amount  in  dispute 
exceeds  $4,000  in  Suffolk  county,  and  $1,000  in  the  other  counties. 

The  Superior  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  nine  Associate  Justices. 
It  has  civil  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  where  the  amount  in  controversy  exceeds 
$20,  and  criminal  jurisdiction  in  all,  except  capital  cases.  The  judges  of  both 
courts  arc  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Council,  and  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior. 

UNITED   STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Nathan  Clifford.  District  Judge,  John  Lowell.  District  Attorney,  George  S. 
Hillard.  Asst.  District  Attorneys,  W.  A.  Field.  II.  D.  Hyde.  Marshal,  George  L.  Andrews. 
Deputy  Marshals,  J.  B.  Keyes,  W.  S.  Cobb,  S.  W.  Richardson.  Clerk  Circuit  Court,  John  G. 
Stetson.  Clerk  District  Court,  Seth  E.  Sprague. 

SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COUR.T. 

Chief  Justice,  Reuben  A.  Chapman,  Springfield. 

Associate  Justices,  Ebenezer  R.  Hoar,  Concord ;  Horace  Gray,  Jr.,  Boston ;  Dwight  Foster, 
Boston ;  John  Wells,  Chicopee ;  James  D.  Colt,  Pittsfield. 

Reporter,  Albert  G.  Browne,  Jr.,  Boston.  Clerk,  George C.  Wilde,  Boston.  Assistant  Clerk, 
George  W.  Nichols,  Boston.  Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $5,500;  of  Associate  Justices,  $5,000. 

SUPERIOR  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Seth  Ames,  Boston. 

Associate  Justices,  Julius  Rockwell,  Pittsfield ;  Otis  P.  Lord,  Salem  ;  Marcus  Morton,  Andover ; 
Ezra  Wilkinson,  Declham ;  Henry  Vose,  Springfield ;  John  P.  Putnam,  Boston  ;  Lincoln  F. 
Brigham,  New  Bedford ;  Chester  J.  Reed,  Taunton ;  Charles  Devens,  Jr.,  Worcester.  Salary 
of  Chief  Justice,  $4,500;  of  each  Associate  Justice,  $4,200. 

DISTRICT  ATTORNEYS. 

Northern  District,  Isaac  S.  Morse,  Lowell.  Eastern  District,  Edgar  J.  Sherman,  Law- 
reuce.  Southern  District,  George  Marston,  Barnstable.  South  Eastern  District,  Edward  L. 
Pierce,  Milton.  Middle  District,  William  W.  Rice,  Worcester.  Western  District,  Edward  B. 
Gillett,  Westfield.  North  Western  District,  Samuel  T.  Spaulding,  Northampton.  Suffolk  County, 
J.  Wilder  May,  Boston  ;  Assistant,  Patrick  R.  Guiney. 

Salary  of  Attorney  for  Suffolk  County,  $3,500 ;  of  Assistant,  $2,100 ;  of  each  of  the  others, 
except  in  the  North  Western  District,  $1,500;  in  N.  W.  District,  $1,000. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COURT. 

For  Barnstable  and  Dukes  Counties,  at  Barnstable,  1st  Tuesday  of  May;  Berkshire  Co.,  at 
Lenox,  2cl  Tuesday  of  May ;  Bristol  Co.,  at,  New  Bedford,  2d  Tuesday  of  November,  and  at 
Tannton,  3d  Tuesday  of  April;  Essex  Co.,  at  Salem,  3d  Tuesday  of  April,  and  1st  Tuesday  of 
November;  Franklin  Co.,  at  Greenfield,  2d  Tuesday  of  April;  Hampden  Co.,  at  Springfield, 
4th  Tuesday  of  April;  Hampshire  Co.,  at  Northampton,  3d  Tuesday  of  April;  Middlesex  Co., 
at  Lowell,  3d  Tuesday  of  April,  and  at  Cambridge,  3d  Tuesday  of  October ;  Nantucket  Co.,  at 
Nantucket,  Int  Tuesday  of  July ;  Norfolk  Co.,  at  Dedham,  3d  Tuesday  of  February;  Plymouth 
Co.,  at  Plymouth,  2d  Tuesday  of  May ;  Suffolk  Co.,  at  Boston,  1st  Tuesday  of  October  and  April ; 
Worcester  Co.,  at  Worcester,  2d  Tuesday  of  April. 

As  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  for  the  Commonwealth,  it  holds  a  law  term  in  Boston  on  the 
first  Wednesday  of  January,  in  each  year,  which  term  may  be  adjourned  from  time  to  time,  to 


366  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

such  places  and  times  as  may  be  most  conducive  to  the  dispatch  of  business,  and  the  interests 
of  the  public ;  and  all  questions  of  law,  whether  arising  upon  appeal,  exception,  or  otherwise, 
and  from  whatever  court,  are  therein  entered  and  determined,  if  the  same  arise  in  either 
of  the  following  counties :  Suffolk,  Middlesex,  Norfolk,  Plymouth,  Bristol,  Barnstable,  Dukes, 
or  Nantucket. 

Law  terms  of  this  court  are  also  held,  annually,  for  Berkshire  Co.,  at  Lenox,  2d  Tuesday  of 
September;  Hampden  Co.,  at  Springfield,  3d  Monday  after  l««t  Tuesday  of  September;  Hamp 
shire  and  Franklin  Go's,  at  Northampton,  Monday  next  after  2d  Tuesday  of  September;  Wor 
cester  Co.,  at  Worcester,  4th  Tuesday  after  1st  Monday  of  September;  Plymouth  Co.,  at  Plym 
outh,  3d  Tuesday  of  October;  Bristol  Co.,  at  Taunton.  4th  Tuesday  of  October.  On  May  1, 
1SG8,  a  law  term  was  established  at  Salem,  for  1st  Tuesday  of  November,  annually. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  on  hand,  January  1st,  1868,  -     $2,363,895.67 

Receipts  on  account  of  Ordinary  Revenue,  -  5,109,936.23 

Receipts  on  account  of  Sundry  Funds,  -     10,921,320.69 


$18,395,152.59 

Payment  on  account  of  Ordinary  Expenses,     -  -     $5,908,678.48 

Payment  on  account  of  Sundry  Funds  and  Loans,  11,324,541.31 

Cash  on  hand  January  1st,  1869,  -  1,161,932.80 


$18,395,152,59 
STATE  DEBT. 

The  total  debt  of  the  Commonwealth  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1869, 
was  $27,735,870.05. 

The  debt  may  conveniently  be  classified  as  follows :  The  railroad  debt, 
the  ante-war  debt,  the  war  debt,  and  the  temporary  debt.  The  amount  of 
these  several  classes  of  debt,  January  1,  1869,  was  as  follows  : 

The  Railroad  Debt $9,142.176.00 

Ante- War  Debt 1,092,000.00 

War  Debt 16,573.244.00 

Temporary  Debt 928,450.05 

$27,735,870.05 

The  Railroad  Debt  is  composed  of  the  following : 

The  Western  Railroad  Debt $3,578,696.00 

Eastern  Railroad  Debt 200,000.00 

Norwich  and  Worcester  Railroad  Debt 400,000.00 

Boston,  Hartford  and  Erie  Railroad  Debt 290,400.00 

Troy  and  Greenfield  R.  R.  and  Hoosac  Tunnel  Debt 4,673,080.00 

$9,143,176.00 

By  the  Act  of  1862,  the  principal  and  interest  of  all  scrip  or  bonds  of  the 
Commonwealth  are  required  to  be  paid  in  gold  or  silver  coin.  This  applies 
to  the  whole  funded  debt,  except  the  Massachusetts  war  loan  of  $3,505,000, 
issued  in  1866-7,  which  is  a  6  per  cent,  currency  5-20  scrip. 

CHIEF  SOURCES  OF  REVENUE. 

ESTIMATE  FOR 
1866.  1867.  1868. 

State  Tax $3,000,000.00 $5,000,000.00 

Savings  Bank  Tax 311,848.33 361,889.35 $370.000.00 

Corporation  Tax,  net  receipts 1,210,694.56 1,498,937.49 346,000.00 


1869.]  MASSACHUSETTS.  337 

ESTIMATE  FOB 

1866.  1867.  1868. 

Coal  and  Mining  Companies'  Tax $31,51)8.79 $31,292.61 $31,000.00 

Semi- Annual  Insurance  Tax 113,103.28 121,188.31 121,000.00 

Annual  Tax  on  Insurance  by  Foreign  Co's 64,566.92 80,355.82 80,000.00 

Life  Insurance  Companies'  Tax 5,631.96. 8,757.22 8,700.00 

Courts  of  Insolvency  Fees 8,047.96 8,019.00 8,000.00 

Gas  Light  Companies'  Tax 2,989.18 5,638.25 5,600.00 

Alien  Passengers 24,038.58 22,479.50 22,500.00 

From  Cities  and  Towns  for  Support  of  Paupers 6,214.59 .6,452.82 6,400.00 

Alien  Estates 3,907.24 657.01 1,000.00 

Income  from  State  Prison 90,260.32 118,011.10 25,000.00 

Income  from  Reform  Schools 18,735.36 23,517.02 23,500.00 

Income  from  State  Alms-houses 1,823.42 4,066.12 5,000.00 

Secretary's  Fees  and  Commissions 8,154.95 5.227.32 5,000.00 

Income  from  Funds 161,828.26 208,677.92 

Pedlers'  Licenses 3,000.00 15,580.00 15,000.00 

Interest  on  Deposits 29,203.08 42,633.74 40,000.00 

Miscellaneous...  ...203,936.39 42,261.87 15,000.00 


$5,299,683.17         $7,605,642.47         $1,128,700.00 

ORDINARY  EXPENSES. 

ESTIMATE  FOB 

1866.  1867.  1868. 

Legislature $247,123.57 $284,860.65 $238,000.00 

Executive  Department 19,878.40 25,623.74 25,000.00 

Secretary's  Department 24,939.46 24,120.90 24,000.00 

Treasurer's  Department • 15,627.08 12,856.38 13,000.00 

Tax  Commissioner's  Bureau 14,002.31 14,728.61 14,500.00 

Auditor's  Department 10,660.88 11,883.64 12,000.00 

State  House  Expenses 20,433.95 12,041.01 30,500.00 

State  Printing 46,267.94 54,736.82 55,000.00 

Judiciary 203,326.a5 194,849.14 213,600.00 

Insurance  Commissioner 2,579.71 14,160.63 23,500.00 

Scientific 33,347.60 21,361.92 27,000.00 

Charitable 391,482.26 424,752.63 440,000.00 

Military 203,075.75 213,015.32 200,000.00 

Reformatory  and  Correctional 330,075.22 371,207.69 250,000.00 

Corporation  Tax* 960,650.42 1,122,815.82 

Miscellaneous 14,270.22 13,380.00 5.000.00 


$2,537,741.62 $2,816.394.90 $1,571,100.00 

Extraordinary  and  Exceptional  Expenses 4,192,971.67 4,195,909.64 

Total $6,730,713.29 $7,012,304.54 

TRUST  FUNDS  OP  THE  COMMONWEALTH. 

There  are  17  different  and  distinct  funds  held  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  Com 
monwealth.  Of  these,  9  are  sinking  funds  established  to  secure  the  redemp 
tion  at  maturity  of  certain  classes  of  State  scrip,  to  provide  means  for  the 
erection  of  buildings  for  charitable  and  correctional  institutions ;  the  enlarge 
ment  of  the  State  House  ;  the  improvement  of  the  Back  Bay  lands,  (Boston), 
and  in  aid  of  certain  railroad  enterprises.  Five  of  the  remaining  funds  are 
for  educational  purposes,  and  two  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  bridges. 
The  amount  of  these  funds,  on  the  1st  of  January,  1868,  was  |>10,948,192.44; 
December  31,  1868,  it  was  more  than  $12,000,000. 
*  Returned  to  cities  and  towns. 


368  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR  BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

EDUCATION. 

This  State  has  either  by  legislative  action  or  private  contributions  and 
efforts,  established  educational  institutions  of  all  grades  and  for  all  classes, 
which  are  maintained  with  commendable  liberality. 

Harvard  University,  at  Cambridge,  the  oldest  college  in  the  country,  has, 
besides  its  under-graduate  course,  faculties  of  divinity,  law,  medicine,  philos 
ophy,  and  science.  The  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  founded  through  the 
munificence  of  the  late  Hon.  Abbott  Lawrence,  and  connected  with  the  Uni 
versity,  is  amply  endowed,  and  has  the  finest  Museum  of  Scientific  Zoology 
in  the  country.  There  are  five  other  incorporated  colleges,  and  fifty-five 
incorporated  academies,  many  of  which  have  a  well-merited  reputation  for 
excellence.  The  Law  and  Medical  Schools  of  Harvard  University,  and  the 
Theological  Seminaries  at  Andover,  Cambridge,  and  Newton,  have  given  a 
professional  education  to  many  students  from  other  States  as  well  as  from 
Massachusetts. 

The  Board  of  Education,  which  consists  of  the  Governor,  Lieutenant 
Governor,  and  eight  members  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  Council,  has 
the  general  oversight  of  the  Normal  Schools,  Public  Schools,  and  of  Edu 
cational  Statistics.  The  trustees,  officers,  or  persons  in  charge  of  every  insti 
tution  of  learning,  whether  literary,  scientific  or  professional,  public  or  private, 
and  of  all  reform  schools  or  alms  houses,  are  by  law  required  to  report  to  the 
Board  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  June  in  each  year,  giving  such  statistics 
as  the  Board  shall  prescribe.  The  Board  appoints  a  Secretary  who  is  its 
chief  executive  officer,  and  who  gives  his  whole  time  to  the  supervision  and 
improvement  of  Common  Schools.  E*ch  town  elects  a  School  Committee  of 
three  persons,  or  a  number  which  is  a  multiple  of  three,  who  examine  teachers, 
visit  schools,  and  have  a  general  oversight  of  the  schools  of  the  town.  In 
the  cities  and  some  of  the  larger  towns,  the  school  committee  appoints  a 
superintendent  who  has  the  immediate  charge  of  the  schools.  The  number 
of  school  districts  is  annually  diminishing,  there  being  323  less  in  1S67  than 
in  1866,  and  672  less  than  in  1861.  Where  the  districts  are  abolished,  the 
schools  are  managed  entirely  by  the  towns.  Each  town  having  500  or  more 
families  is  by  law  required  to  maintain  a  public  high  school. 

Provision  for  the  special  education  of  teachers  is  made  in  four  State  Normal 
Schools,  two  of  which  are  for  both  sexes,  and  two  for  female  teachers  only. 
A  Girls'  High  and  Normal  School,  and  an  efficient  Training  School,  are  also 
maintained  by  the  city  of  Boston,  for  preparing  teachers  for  primary  schools. 
Teachers'  Institutes  are  held  annually  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretaiy 
of  the  Board,  of  Education. 

SCHOOL  STATISTICS  FOE,  1867. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  cities  and  towns,  335;  number  of  school  districts,  1,935; 
number  public  schools,  4,838 ;  number  of  persons  between  5  and  15  years  of  age,  2(51, 498; 
number  of  scholars  of  all  ages  in  public  school*,— in  summer,  235,241;  in  winter,  537,304; 
average  attendance,— in  summer,  189,149;  in  winter,  190,954;  ratio  of  mean  average  attend 
ance  for  the  year, 73;  number  attending  public  schools  under  5  years  of  age,  3,899;  over  15 
years,  21,976. 

Number  of  teachers  in  summer— males,  439;  females,  5,287;  total,  5,726;  number  of  teachers 
in  winter— males,  936 ;  females,  4,871 ;  total,  5,807 ;  number  of  different  teachers  during  the 


MASSACHUSETTS.  369 

year:  males,  1,020;  females,  6,739;  total,  7,759.  Average  wages  of  male  teachers  per  month, 
$60.92 ;  female  teachers,  $26.44  ;  average  length  of  public  schools,  8  months  and  2  days. 

Amount  raised  by  taxes  for  support  of  public  schools,  $2,355,505.96 ;  amount  received  from 
surplus  revenue  and  similar  funds,  $4,443.64 ;  voluntary  contributions,  $32,370.20 ;  income  of 
local  school  funds  for  schools  and  academies,  $69,208.06 ;  income  of  state  school  funds  received 
by  towns  and  cities,  $62,641.15;  aggregate  amount  expended  for  public  schools,  exclusive  of 
building  and  repairing  school  houses,  $2,531,740.62;  amount  for  each  child  in  the  state  be 
tween  5  and  15,  $9.72;  number  of  high  schools,  148;  number  of  cities  and  towns  maintaining 
high  schools,  110. 

Academies  and.  Private  Schools.  Number  of  incorporated  academies,  55 ;  average 
number  of  scholars,  3,696 ;  amount  paid  for  tuition,  $143,522.79 ;  number  of  private  schools 
and  academics,  553 ;  estimated  average  attendance,  14,417 ;  tuition  in  same,  $416,194.13. 

Normal  School,  Bridgewater.  A.  G.  BOYDEN,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  admitted  in 
1867,— ladies,  35 ;  gentlemen,  11 ;  total,  46.  Average  age  of  ladies,  18.5  years ;  of  gentlemen, 
19.8  years.  Number  who  had  previously  taught,— ladies,  16 ;  gentlemen,  3 ;  total,  19.  Whole 
number  in  attendance  in  1867, — ladies,  73;  gentlemen,  28;  total,  101.  Graduates, — ladies,  21; 
gentlemen,  5 ;  total,  26.  Whole  number  of  pupils  since  the  commencement  of  the  school,  1,586 ; 
whole  number  of  graduates,  1,001. 

Normal  School,  Framingham.  Miss  ANNIE  E.  JOHNSON,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils 
admitted  in  1867,  58;  number  graduated,  44;  number  left  without  graduation,  97;  whole  num 
ber  for  the  year,  159.  Average  age  of  advanced  class,  21.25  years ;  of  senior  class,  20.2  years ; 
of  other  classes,  18  years. 

Normal  School,  Salem.  D.  B.  HAOAR,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  admitted  in  1867, 
82;  average  age,  18.12;  number  who  had  previously  taught,  18;  whole  number  of  pupils  in 
1867,  195  ;  number  of  graduates,  41 ;  whole  number  of  pupils  since  the  opening  of  the  school  in 
1854,  1,087  ;  whole  number  of  graduates,  463. 

Normal  School,  Westfield.  J.  W.  DICKINSON,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  admitted  in 
1867, — ladies,  70;  gentlemen,  14;  total,  84.  Average  age  of  ladies,  18.9  years ;  of  gentlemen,  18.6 
years.  Whole  number  of  pupils  in  1867,— ladies,  146 ;  gentlemen,  18 ;  total,  164.  Graduates,  30. 
Whole  number  of  pupils  since  the  opening  of  the  school,  1,862;  of  graduates,  412. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Charitable  Institutions  are  under  the  charge  of  a  Board  of  State  Char 
ities  which  has  under  its  care  10  institutions  owned  by  the  state,  viz:  3 
Lunatic  hospitals ;  4  Pauper  establishments ;  and  3  Juvenile  Reformatories. 
There  are  also  11  institutions  aided  by  the  state,  either  by  the  support  of 
indigent  persons  connected  with  them,  or  by  specific  appropriations.  The 
Lunatic  Hospitals,  located  at  Northampton,  Taunton,  and  Worcester,  all  re 
ceive  state,  town,  and  private  patients,  but  the  state  patients  at  Northamp 
ton  are  chiefly  persons  transferred  as  incurable  from  the  other  hospitals.  The 
institutions  are  in  good  condition,  and  seem  to  have  been  wisely  managed,  but 
the  Board  recommends  some  changes  in  their  organization  and  material  ar 
rangement,  which  are  indicated  in  certain  cardinal  principles  which  it  proposes , 
to  observe  in  its  action.  These  are : 

1.  That  it  is  better  to  separate  and  diffuse  the  dependent  classes  than  to  congregate  them. 

2.  That  we  ought  to  avail  ourselves  as  much  as  possible  of  those  remedial  agencies  which, 
exist  in  society:  the  family,  social  influences,  industrial  occupations,  and  the  like. 

3.  That  we  should  enlist,  not  only  the  greatest  amount  of  popular  sympathy,  but  the  greatest 
number  of  individuals  and  of  families  in  the  care  and  treatment  of  the  dependent. 

4.  That  we  should  avail  ourselves  of  responsible  societies  and  organizations  which  aim  to 
reform,  support  or  help  any  class  of  dependents ;  thus  lessening  the  direct  agency  of  the  state 
and  enlarging  that  of  the  people  themselves. 

5.  That  we  should  build  public  institutions  only  in  the  last  resort,  and  that  these  should  be 
kept  as  small  as  is  consistent  with  a  wise  economy. 

The  harmless  insane,  the  idiotic,  the  aged  and  helpless  paupers  are  placed 
at  the  alms  house  at  Tewksbury ;  children  of  proper  school  age  are  sent  to  Mon,- 
24 


370  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

son  where  the  state  has  a  primary  school,  and  persons  sentenced  to  a  work 
house  are  confined  at  Bridgewater. 

The  State  Reform  School  for  boys,  at  Westborough,  and  the  Massachusetts 
Nautical  School,  established  on  board  two  ships  at  Boston  and  New  Bedford, 
are  the  principal  juvenile  reformatories  for  boys;  at  the  former,  the  pupils, 
when  not  in  school,  are  employed  in  seating  chairs,  making  boxes,  farm  labor 
and  domestic  work.  During  the  appropriate  season,  more  than  100  boys  were 
employed  upon  the  farm  and  gardens.  Boys  are  selected  from  the  higher 
grades  of  behavior,  and  placed  in  three  family  houses  connected  with  the 
institution.  The  Farm  House  and  the  Garden  House,  each  receiving  30 ;  and 
the  Peters'  Home,  for  younger  boys,  24  at  a  time.  For  the  year  1867,  the 
value  of  produce  raised  by  the  Garden  House  family  was  $4,240.23,  and  $361.49 
was  received  for  seating  chairs ;  total,  $4,607.72.  By  the  Farm  House  family, 
produce  raised,  $3,455.04 ;  received  for  seating  chairs,  $263.77 ;  total,  $3,718.81. 
At  the  Peters'  House,  the  value  of  produce  was  $920.49,  and  of  paper  baskets 
and  husk  mats  made,  $315.34 ;  total,  $1,235.93. 

The  State  Industrial  School  for  Girls  was  inaugurated  in  1856.  The  family 
system  has  been  adopted,  there  being  five  families,  with  accommodations  for 
30  girls  in  each,  where  Christian  influences  are  thrown  around  the  inmates. 

The  School  for  Idiotic  and  Feeble  Minded  Youth,  at  South  Boston,  and  the 
Perkins'  Institution  and  Massachusetts  Asylum  for  the  Blind,  are  for  most 
purposes,  regarded  as  state  institutions,  receiving  indigent  pupils,  and  mainly 
supported  by  state  appropriations. 

The  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  the  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  the  Wash- 
ingtonian  Home,  the  Discharged  Soldiers'  Home,  the  Temporary  Asylum  for 
Discharged  Female  Prisoners,  the  Home  for  the  Friendless,  the  New  England 
Moral  Reform  Society,  and  the  Agency  for  Discharged  Convicts,  also  receive 
aid  from  the  State,  and  an  annual  appropriation  is  made  for  educating  state 
pupils  at  the  "  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,"  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  at 
the  Clarke  Institution  for  Deaf  Mutes,  Northampton. 

State  Lunatic  Hospital,  Worcester.  MERRICK  BEMIS,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number 
of  patients  in  the  hospital,  Oct.  1st,  1866,— males,  190 ;  females,  191 ;  total,  381.  Admitted 
during  the  year,— males,  154;  females,  134;  total,  288.  Whole  number  under  treatment  during 
the  year, — males,  344 ;  females,  325 ;  total,  669.  Number  of  patients  discharged  during  the 
year, — males,  167;  females,  147;  total,  314; — recovered,  158;  improved,  101;  unimproved,  12. 
Number  died  during  the  year,— males,  26 ;  females,  17 ;  total,  43.  Remaining  Sept.  30th,  1867,— 
males,  177 ;  females,  178 ;  total,  355.  Of  the  288  admitted  during  the  year,  126  were  State  pa 
tients;  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  129  of  this  class  were  in  the  hospital;  at  the  close,  101. 
Of  those  discharged  as  recovered,  63  had  been  under  treatment  not  more  than  3  months ;  47 
from  3  to  6  months ;  28  from  6  months  to  a  year ;  and  20  for  a  longer  period.  Supposed  cause 
of  insanity  of  those  admitted  during  the  year,— epilepsy,  16;  ill  health,  85;  paralysis,  16;  old 
age,  5;  turn  of  life,  13;  puerperal,  8;  loss  of  friends,  5;  domestic  trouble,  4;  intemperance, 
20;  masturbation,  29;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  87;  total,  288.  There  were,  unmarried, 
133;  married,  120;  widowed,  33;  unknown,  2.  Occupation  of  those  admitted,  of  males,— 
blacksmiths  and  iron-workers,  4 ;  clerks,  9 ;  farmers,  17 ;  laborers,  40 ;  merchants,  6 ;  machin 
ists,  6 ;  mill  operatives,  12 ;  physicians,  4 ;  restaurators,  4 ;  boot  and  shoe  makers,  15 ;  miscel 
laneous,  or  with  no  occupation,  10.  Age  of  those  admitted,— less  than  15  years  of  age,  3 ;  15 
to  20,  18;  20  to  30,  63;  30  to  40,  71 ;  40  to  50,  62;  50  to  60,  35;  60  to  70,  23;  70  to  80,  9;  80  to  90, 4. 
Whole  number  admitted  since  Jan.  18th,  1833,  7,902;  whole  number  discharged,  7,547;  as 
recovered,  3,715  ;  improved,  1,520;  not  improved,  1,351 ;  died,  961 ;  eloped,  3;  males  admitted, 
3,937;  discharged,  3,787;  recovered,  1,791;  died,  491;  females  admitted,  3,965;  discharged, 
3,787.;  jecovered,  1,924 ;  died,  470. 


I860.]  MASSACHUSETTS.  37} 

State  Lunatic  Hospital,  Taunton.  GEORGE  C.  S.  CHOATE,  Superintendent.  Number 
in  institution  Sept.  30th,  1866,— males,  163 ;  females,  178 ;  total,  341.  Number  admitted  during 
the  year,— males,  129 ;  females,  136 ;  total,  265 ;  committed  by  court,  207 ;  from  State  alms  houses, 
5 ;  boarders,  53.  Whole  number  under  treatment,— males,  292 ;  females,  314 ;  total,  606.  Num 
ber  admitted  in  the  autumn,  69 ;  winter,  51 ;  spring,  71 ;  summer.  74.  Number  discharged, — 
males,  85;  females,  99;  total,  184;  recovered,  90;  improved,  32;  unimproved,  62.  Number 
remaining  Sept.  30th,  1867,— males,  179 ;  females,  197 ;  total,  376.  Age  of  those  admitted,— 
under  20,  18;  20  to  30,  73;  30  to  40,  70;  40  to  50,  44;  50  to  60,  28;  60  to  70,  21 ;  70  to  80,  7;  over 
80,4.  Civil  condition,— married,  108;  unmarried,  129;  widowed,  28.  Nativity,— Americans, 
129;  Americans,  Irish  parents,  5;  Irish,  117;  German,  10;  miscellaneous,  4.  Causes  of  insan 
ity,— ill  health,  49 ;  intemperance,  41 ;  masturbation,  7 ;  religious  excitement,  9 ;  domestic 
trouble,  9;  child-birth,  5 ;  epilepsy,  8;  injury,  6;  loss  of  friends,  7;  old  age,  6;  sunstroke,  8; 
miscellaneous  or  unknown,  110.  Whole  number  admitted  since  the  opening  of  the  institution, 
3,117;  discharged,  2,145;  recovered,  1,182;  improved,  329;  unimproved,  634. 

State  Lunatic  Hospital,  Northampton.  PLINY  EARLE,  Superintendent.  Number  in 
hospital  Sept.  30th,  1866,— males,  182 ;  females,  223 ;  total,  405.  Admitted  during  the  year,— 
males,  61 ;  females,  77 ;  total,  138.  Whole  number,— males,  243 ;  females,  300 ;  total,  543.  Dis 
charged, — males,  45 ;  females,  38 ;  total,  83 ;  recovered,  41 ;  improved,  33 ;  unimproved,  9. 
Died,— males,  23 ;  females,  24 ;  total,  47.  Remaining  Sept.  30th,  1867,— males,  175 ;  females,  238 ; 
total,  413.  Supposed  causes  of  insanity, — ill  health,  11 ;  epilepsy,  14;  intemperance,  14;  over 
work,  6 ;  anxiety,  13 ;  hereditary,  11 ;  miscellaneous  or  unknown,  69.  Occupation  of  males, — 
farmers,  10 ;  laborers,  8 ;  merchants,  8 ;  clerks,  4 ;  mechanics,  11 ;  miscellaneous,  or  with  no 
occupation,  20.  Civil  condition,— married,  52;  unmarried,  67;  widowed,  14;  unknown,  5. 
Ages  of  those  admitted^— from  10  to  20,  4 ;  20  to  30,  35 ;  30  to  40,  39 ;  40  to  50,  28 ;  50  to  60, 18 ; 
60  to  70, 10;  70  to  80,  4.  Nativity,— Americans,  81 ;  Irish,  46;  miscellaneous  or  unknown,  11. 

State  Alms  House,  Tewksbury.  THOMAS  J.  MARSH,  Superintendent.  Number  in  the 
institution  Oct.  1st,  1866,  707 ;  admitted  during  the  year,  2,689 ;  discharged  during  the  year, 
2,710;  supported.  3,396;  deaths,  260;  births,  76;  remaining  Oct.  1st,  1867,  686.  In  the  Asylum 
for  Harmless  Insane,  there  were,  Oct.  1st,  1866,— males,  74 ;  females,  71 ;  total,  145 ;  admitted 
during  the  year, — males,  86 ;  females,  131 ;  total,-  217 ;  making  the  whole  number  admitted, — 
males,  160;  females,  202;  total,  362.  Absconded  during  the  year,— males,  21 ;  females,  1 ;  total, 
22.  Discharged  by  Board,— males,  13 ;  females,  24 ;  total,  37.  Died,— males,  29 ;  females,  26 ; 
total,  55.  WTiole  number  discharged,— males,  63;  females,  51 ;  total,  114.  Remaining  Oct.  1st, 
1867,— males,  97 ;  females,  151 ;  total,  248. 

State  Alms  House,  Monson.  JOHN  M.  BREWSTER,  Superintendent.  Number  in  alms 
house  Oct.  1st,  1866, 176;  number  admitted  since,  including  30  births,  1,068,  total,  1,244.  Die- 
charged  or  deserted,  827 ;  transferred  to  State  Primary  School,  124 ;  died,  154.  Remaining 
Oct.  1st,  1867,— males,  109;  females,  130;  total,  239.  Whole  number  admitted  since  the  open 
ing  of  the  institution,  16,016 ;  number  of  deaths,  888 ;  number  of  children  indentured,  adopted 
or  placed  in  families,  977.  Number  in  State  Primary  School,  Oct.  1st,  1866,  385 ;  admitted  dur 
ing  the  year,  334 ;  total,  719.  Discharged,  82 ;  removed,  213 ;  died,  6 ;  total,  301.  Remaining 
in  the  school  Oct.  1st,  1867,— boys,  308 ;  girls,  110 ;  total,  418.  Number  of  teachers,— males,  1 ; 
females,  6 ;  total,  7. 

State  Alms  House,  Bridgewater.  L.  L.  GOODSPEED,  Superintendent.  Number  in  the 
house  Oct.  1st,  1866,  311 ;  number  admitted,  including  40  births,  341 ;  number  in  the  house 
during  the  year,  652 ;  died,  58 ;  discharged,  469.  Remaining  Oct.  1st,  1867,— males,  70 ;  females, 
55 ;  total,  125.  Work-house  department,  number  of  convicts  received  during  the  year,— males, 
77;  females,  175;  total,  252.  Died  during  the  year,  3.  Remaining  Oct.  1st,  1867,— males,  55 ; 
females,  161;  total,  216.  Whole  number  in  both  departments,  341.  Number  admitted  to  the 
hospital,  363 ;  died,  58 ;  discharged,  248 ;  remaining,  120. 

State  Reform  School,  Westborough.  ORVILLE  R.  HUTCHINSON,  Superintendent.  Num 
ber  in  the  school  Sept.  30th,  1866,  332 ;  committed  during  the  year,— by  the  Superior  Court,  17 ; 
by  Probate  Court,  99 ;  total,  116;  received  from  Nautical  School,  2;  apprentices  returned  by 
masters,  19 ;  apprentices  returned  voluntarily,  17 ;  having  left  places,  8 ;  total  received  during 
the  year,  162;  whole  number  in  the  school  during  the  year,  494.  Of  these  were,— apprenticed, 
98;  released  on  probation,  72;  transferred  to  Nautical  School,  1 ,  eloped,  2;  died,  2;  total,  175. 
Remaining  Sept.  30th  1867,  319. 

State  Industrial  School  for  Girls,  Lancaster.  MARCUS  AMES,  Superintendent.  Num 
ber  in  the  institution  Oct.  1st  1866, 137 ;  received  during  the  year,  77 ;  returned  from  inden 
tures,  18 ;  returned  from  hospital,  4 ;  upon  recommitment,  3 ;  having  no  other  home,  8 ;  total. 
247.  Indentured  during  the  year,  61 ;  returned  to  friends,  or  placed  at  service,  time  having 
expired,  5;  discharged  as  unsuitable,  from  ill  health,  &c.,  5;  discharged  to  parents,  or  good 


372  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

homes,  10 ;  over  18  years  of  age,  supplied  with  places,  6 ;  sent  to  hospital,  3 ;  total,  90.  Re 
maining  Oct.  1st,  1867,  157.  Since  the  school  was  opened  there  have  been  received,  600 ; 
returned  from  indentures,  84 ;  returned  from  hospital,  13 ;  recommitted,  6 ;  returned,  having 
no  other  home,  13;  total,  716;  excess  by  returns  and  recommitments,  116;  number  of  individ 
uals,  600.  Now  under  indenture,  81 ;  delivered  to  friends,  or  who  have  completed  indenture, 
343;  discharged  as  unsuitable,  53;  dismissed  to  friends,  49;  sent  to  hospitals  and  alms  houses, 
28;  died,  3;  escaped,  2;  now  in  school,  157;  total,  716;  excess  by  returns,  116;  number  of 
individuals,  600. 

Massachusetts  Nautical  School.  RICHARD  MATTHEWS,  Superintendent.  Number  in 
School  Ship,  Oct.  1st,  1866,  258 ;  received  from  State  Reform  School,  1 ;  returned  from  proba 
tion,  8  ;  returned  voluntarily,  2;  returned  from  desertion,  5;  committed  during  the  year,  254; 
whole  number,  528.  Number  transferred  to  the  Reform  School,  2;  enlisted  in  U.  S.  Navy,  2; 
enlisted  in  U.  S.  School  Ship  Sabine,  1 ;  shipped  in  merchant  service  and  whaling,  108 ;  dis 
charged  on  probation  and  to  learn  trades,  117 ;  died,  2 ;  sent  to  State  Work  House,  2 ;  deserted, 
7;  total,  241.  Remaining  Oct.  1st,  1867,  287. 

School  for  Idiotic  and  Feeble  Minded  Youth,  Boston.  S.  G.  HOWE,  M.  D.,  Super 
intendent.  This  school  is  open  to  the  beneficiaries  of  Massachusetts,  and  to  all  others  of  this 
and  every  state  and  country  who  will  pay  the  cost.  Since  the  school  was  opened  under  the 
corporation  in  1851,  applications  have  been  made  for  the  admission  of  pupils, — from  Massachu 
setts,  345  ;  other  states,  61 ;  other  countries,  23 ;  total,  429  ;  of  whom  363  have  been  admitted. 
There  were  in  the  school  Oct.  1st,  1866,  70  ;  received  during  the  year,  14 ;  total,  84.  Discharged, 
16 ;  remaining  Oct.  1st,  1867,  68.  Average  attendance  since  1860,  64. 

CRIMINAL  STATISTICS. 

In  addition  to  the  Workhouse  at  Bridgewater,  which  is  sometimes  classified 
as  a  state  prison,  there  are  thirty-eight  institutions  for  the  confinement  of 
criminals,  viz :  One  State  Prison,  20  Jails,  16  Houses  of  Correction,  and  1 
House  of  Industry. 

State  Prison,  Charlestown.  GIDEON  HATNES,  Warden.  The  whole  number  of  convicts, 
October  1st,  1866,  was  518;  number  received  during  the  year,  128;  number  discharged,— by 
expiration  of  sentence.  91;  by  remission  of  sentence,  13;  by  death,  7;  to  insane  hospital,  1; 
total  discharged,  112.  Number  of  prisoners  September  30th,  1867, 534 ;  of  whom  45  were  between 
15  and  20  years  of  age ;  174  from  20  to  25 ;  108  from  25  to  30 ;  115  from  30  to  40 ;  61  from  40  to  50 ; 
22  from  50  to  60 :  and  9  from  60  to  70 ;— 58  were  sentenced  2  years,  or  less ;  117  from  2  to  3 ;  145 
from  3  to  5 ;  112  from  5  to  10;  51  from  10  to  25 ;  and  51  for  life.  The  warden  is  required  by  law 
to  keep  a  record  of  each  convict,  and  for  every  month  that  the  convict  observes  the  rules  of  the 
prison,  and  is  not  subjected  to  punishment,  there  shall  be  a  deduction  from  the  term  of  hia 
sentence,  as  follows :  From  a  term  of  less  than  three  years,  one  clay ;  from  a  term  of  three,  and 
less  than  seven  years,  two  days ;  from  a  term  of  seven,  and  less  than  ten  years,  four  days ;  from 
a  term  of  ten  years,  or  more,  five  days.  202  convicts  were  from  Massachusetts ;  149  from  other 
states,  and  183  were  from  foreign  countries.  Whole  number,  646;  average  number,  537;  total 
expense,  $97,039.28;  receipts.  $118,011.10;  profits,  $20,971.82. 

County  and  City  Prisons.  Total  number  of  persons  remaining  in  confinement  in  county 
and  city  prisons,  Sept.  30th,  1866,— males,  1,825 ;  females,  634 ;  total,  2,459.  Number  committed 
in  1867,— males,  8,013;  females,  2,871 ;  total,  10,884.  Number  of  persons  discharged  during  the 
year,— males,  7,906 ;  females.  2,757 ;  total,  10,663.  Number  remaining  in  confinement  Sept.  30th, 
1867.— males,  1,932 ;  females.  748 ;  total,  2,680.  In  the  state  prison  none  but  males  are  received ; 
number  of  commitments,  128;  of  whom  108  were  adults,  and  20  minors.  Of  the  whole  number 
of  prisoners,  there  were  natives  of  Massachusetts,  3,125;  of  other  states,  1,602;  of  other  coun 
tries,  6,158.  Parents  both  American,  2,251 ;  parents  both  temperate,  7,811 ;  parents  both  or 
either  convicts,  150.  Number  that  have  had  no  education,  3,313 ;  could  read  and  write,  2,162 ; 
have  had  a  common  school  education.  5.389 ;  have  had  a  superior  education,  21 ;  married,  4,890; 
were  intemperate,  8,809;  had  property  to  the  value  of  $1,000,  444;  had  been  in  army  or  navy, 
3,139;  had  been  in  Reform  school,  168.  Number  who  had  been  in  prison  before,  4,448;  com 
mitted  for  crimes  against  the  person, — males.  1,118;  females,  158;  total,  1,276;  for  crimes  against 
property, — males,  2,686 ;  females,  505 ;  total,  3,191 ;  for  crimes  against  public  order  and  decency, 
—males,  4,973;  females,  2,599;  total,  7,572;  miscellaneous  causes  of  commitment,— males,  219; 
females,  22 ;  total.  241.  Expense  of  county  prisons,  $292,640.73 ;  receipts  for  labor  of  prisoners, 
$73,427.34;  deficit,  $219,213.39.  House  of  Industry,  expenses,  $59,149.87;  receipts,  $2,617.87; 
deficit,  $56,532. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


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374  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  first  regular  census  of  Massachusetts  was  the  colonial  census  of  17C5, 
when  the  entire  population  was  238,425.  In  1790,  the  United  States  census 
showed  an  increase  in  25  years  of  58.79  per  cent.,  the  greatest  increase  being 
in  the  western  or  newer  portions  of  the  state.  The  next  census,  for  1800, 
gave  an  increase  of  11.63  per  cent.,  but  in  Suifolk  county,  it  was  33  per  cent., 
and  in  the  other  eastern  counties,  the  rate  was  greater  than  in  other  parts  of  the 
state.  In  1865,  there  were  166  towns  in  the  state,  each  having  less  popula 
tion  than  in  1855. 

The  geographical  center  of  the  state  is  in  the  city  of  Worcester,  but  more 
than  75  per  cent,  of  the  inhabitants  are  east  of  this  place,  the  center  of  pop 
ulation  being  within  two  miles  of  the  state  house  in  the  city  of  Boston. 

The  aggregate  increase  for  100  years,  from  1765  to  1865,  was  431.14  per 
cent.,  the  population  at  different  periods  being  as  follows : 

17G5 238,423        1800 422,845        1830 610,408        1855 1,132,364 

1776 293,296        1810 472,040        1840 737,700        18(30 1,231,066 

1790 378,787        1820 523,287        1850 994,514        1865 1,267,031 

During  the  ten  years  from  1855  to  1865,  the  whole  number  of  births  was  337,057,  of  which 
51.20  per  cent,  were  males;  48.35  per  cent,  females,  and  1.194  per  cent,  not  stated;  of  deaths, 
231,165 ;  excess  of  births,  105,892.  In  1865,  the  number  of  males  in  the  state  was  597,222 ;  of 
females,  659,642 ;  excess  of  females.  62,420. 

Of  the  1,267,031  inhabitants  on  the  first  day  of  June,  1865,  999,976  were  born  in  the  United 
States,  of  which  number  828,156  were  natives  of  Massachusetts,  and  171,720  were  born  in  other 
states  and  territories ;  265,486  were  foreign  born,  and  the  place  of  nativity  of  1,569  persons  was 
not  stated. 

In  1850,  there  were  199,582  natives  of  Massachusetts  resident  in  other  states,  and  134,830  natives 
of  other  states  in  Massachusetts,  showing  the  excess  of  native  emigration  to  have  been  64,752. 
In  1860,  the  natives  of  Massachusetts  in  other  states  were  244,503 ;  natives  of  other  states  in 
Massachusetts,  160,637;  an  excess  of  emigration  of  83,866.  In  1865,  the  natives  of  other  states 
in  Massachusetts  numbered  171,720. 

Of  the  265,486  foreign  born  returned  by  the  census  of  1865,  the  large  number  of  183,177,  con 
stituting  68.99  per  cent.,  or  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  foreigners,  were 
natives  of  Ireland ;  32,390,  or  12.18  per  cent.,  were  born  in  British  America ;  25,229,  or  9.50  per 
cent.,  in  England;  11,125,  or 4.19  per  cent.,  in  Germany;  6,967,  or  2.62  per  cent.,  in  Scotland; 
and  1,110,  or  .42  of  one  per  cent.,  in  France. 

There  were  10,167  colored  persons  in  the  state,  of  whom  2,348  were  in  Boston,  and  1,517  in 
New  Bedford.  In  58  towns,  there  was  no  colored  person.  The  per  centage  of  colored  persona 
to  the  whole  population  was  .8  of  one  per  cent. 

Of  persons  over  20  years  of  age,  unable  to  read  and  write.  50,110  were  returned,  of  whom 
19,134  were  males,  and  30,976  females.  Of  these,  1,012  males  and  961  females  were  American 
born,  and  18,122  males  and  30,015  females  were  of  foreign  birth.  The  number  of  illiterate 
among  the  American  born  is  1.97  to  1,000 ;  among  the  foreign,  181.32  to  1,000. 

The  number  of  deaf  and  dumb  was  561,  of  whom  500  were  American  born,  and  61  foreign. 
The  number  of  blind  was  762 ;  567  of  American  and  195  of  foreign  parentage.  The  whole  number 
of  idiotic  and  insane  was  3,254,  of  whom  2,560  were  American  born,  and  694  of  foreign  birth. 

Of  362,432  males  employed  in  different  occupations,  there  were,— of  agriculturists,  59,116 ;  fac 
tory  operatives,  13,577;  laborers,  52,747;  mariners,  18,978;  manufacturers,  3,903;  mechanics, 
148,604;  merchants  and  clerks,  42,496;  professional  men,  9,914;  miscellaneous,  13,277.  The 
principal  occupations  in  which  females  were  engaged  were, — domestics.  27,393;  operatives, 
20,152 ;  teachers,  6,050 ;  seamstresses,  4,381 ;  shoe-workers,  4,110 ;  tailoresses,  3,855 ;  dress-makers, 
3,487 ;  straw  and  palm  leaf  workers,  2,804 ;  and  milliners,  2,388. 

Number  of  dwellings  in  the  state  in  18d5,  208,698 ;  number  of  families,  269,968. 

The  first  report  of  the  industrial  statistics  authorized  and  published  by 

this  state  in  1838,  exhibited  an  annual  amount  of  industrial  products  of 

$86,000,000 ;  the  second,  in  1845,  gave  $124,000,000,  or  an  increase  in  7  years 

of  44  per  cent. ;  the  third,  in  1855,  gave  the  amount  as  295,000,000,  or  an 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


375 


Hands. 

.23,678 


.18,433 
.3,554 
..3,194 


1865-Value.  Capital. 

$26,140,538. .  .$31,961,000. 

5,213,000 1,980,000. 

12,105,514 7,305,500. 

4,141,847 2,564,500. 

6,512,816 2,342,825. 

1,351,318 749,550. 

9,061,896... 
10,934,416. . 
37,489,923... 

7,666,996... 

2,829,640... 


Hands. 

.34,787 
..1,157 
.10,090 
..2,630 
.  .3,025 
..1,134 

.2,770,600 1,758 

.4,152,426 3,143 

....74,326 

14,546,548....  11, 364 
.3,696,436....  10,551 


increase  in  10  years  of  138  per  cent. ;  and  the  last,  in  1865,  reached  the  sum 
of  $517,240,613,  an  increase  for  the  last  decade  of  74  per  cent.  The  aggre 
gate  capital  invested  in  1865  was  $174,499,950,  giving  employment  to  271,421 
persons  engaged  in  manufacturing,  and  68,636  in  agricultural  pursuits.  The 
greatest  product  of  cotton  goods  was  in  Bristol  county,  $11,836,681;  of 
woollen  goods  in  Worcester  county,  $12,917,388;  of  boots  and  shoes  in 
Essex  county,  $18,011,107.  In  1860,  Massachusetts  ranked  as  the  first  state 
in  the  manufacture  of  cottons,  woolen  goods,  and  boots  and  shoes,  the  value 
of  the  product  of  cotton  being  more  than  twice  that  of  any  other  state,  or 
more  than  that  of  all  the  states  out  of  New  England ;  in  woollen  goods  more 
than  twice  that  of  any  other  state  except  Pennsylvania,  and  in  boots  and 
shoes  more  than  all  the  other  states  together. 

Products.  1865— Value.  Capital. 

Cotton $54,436,881 . .  .$33,293,986. . 

Calico  and  Delaine 25,258,703 4,222,000. . 

Woolen 48,430,671 . . .  .14,735,830. . 

Paper 9,008,521 3,785,300. . 

Rolled  Iron  and  Nails 8,836,502 2,827,300. . 

Printing  &  Newspapers. .  .5,358,148 1,919,400. . 

Clothing 17.743,894 4,634,440. . .  .24,722 

Tanning  and  Currying. .  .15,821,712.   . .  .4,994,933 3,847 

Boots  and  Shoes 52,915,243. . .  .10,067,474. . .  .55,160 

Whale  Fishery 6,618,670 5,879,862 3,496 

Mackerel  &  Cod  Fishery.  .4,832,218 3,757,761. . .  .11,518 

The  value  of  horses,  oxen  and  cows  in  1865,  was  $19,154,790 ;  of  hay,  $13,195,274 ;  of  beef, 
$118,228,859 ;  of  pork,  4,775,892 ;  and  of  butter,  cheese  and  honey,  $2,265,296.  Number  of  horses 
in  the  state,  97,244 ;  number  of  cows,  144,561 ;  number  of  sheep,  137,352. 

Corporations.  From  the  enactment,  in  1851,  of  the  law  authorizing  the  corporate  associa 
tion  of  three  or  more  persons,  to  January  1, 1867,  or  16  years,  700  companies  were  organized 
with  a  capital  of  $115,236,983,  which  was  increased  in  1867,  to  $11«,905,908.  In  that  year,  87 
companies  were  organized,  with  a  capital  of  $9,721,000,  and  10  companies  reduced  their  capital 
$1,921,880,  leaving  the  voted  capital  of  787  companies,  January  1,  1868,  $124,705,108,  of  which 
there  remained  of  the  capital  paid  in,  $112,373,895. 

An  act  relating  to  the  formation  of  co-operative  associations  was  passed  in  1866,  under  which 
13  such  associations  were  organized,  with  a  capital  of  $64,335,  divided  into  8,577  shares,  of 
which  6,690  are  held  by  2,152  stockholders.  Nov.  1, 1867,  assets,  $69,603 ;  liabilities,  $41,857. 

Periodicals.  The  whole  number  of  newspapers  and  periodicals  in  the  state,  in  1867,  was 
18  daily  ;  2  tri- weekly ;  10  semi-weekly  ;  125  weekly ;  1  tri-monthly ;  7  bi-monthly ;  42  monthly ; 
9  quarterly;  and  5  annual ;  total,  219;  of  which  125  were  in  Boston. 

Assessments.  The  number  of  taxable  polls,  May  1,  1867,  was  315,742;  amount  of  tax  on 
same,  $6(>4,120.  Assessed  value  of  real  estate,  $708,165,117 ;  personal  estate,  $457,728,296 ;  total, 
$1,165,893.413.  Total  tax  for  state,  town  and  county  purposes,  $19,104,074.  Number  of  acres 
of  land  taxed.  4,429,954.  Total  valuation  in  1868,  $l,220,305,a39. 

Banks.    There  were,  Oct.  1, 1868,  207  National  Banks,  with  a  paid  up  capital  of  $80,032,000. 

Savings  Banks.  Number  doing  business  in  1867,108;  number  of  depositors,  48,593 ;  in 
crease  over  the  previous  year,  31,740;  amount  of  deposits,  $80,431,583;  increase,  $12,699,319; 
number  of  accounts  opened  during  the  year,  81,102;  number  closed,  46,084;  amount  of  public 
funds  held,  $29,960,219;  bank  stock.  $10,921,364;  deposits  in  banks  bearing  interest,  $1,524,328; 
loans  on  mortgage  of  real  estate,  $21,259,349;  loans  to  counties  and  towns,  $6,577,803;  loans 
on  personal  security,  $9,636,996.  Number  of  Savings  Banks  in  1868, 115;  amount  of  deposits, 
$94,a38,336.54. 

Insurance  Companies.  Number  incorporated  by  the  state,  (not  including  life  and  acci 
dent  companies),  93;  number  doing  business  in  Massachusetts,  but  chartered  in  other  states, 
84 ;  number  of  English  companies  doing  business  in  the  state,  4 ;  ratio  of  loss  in  1867,— in  joint 
stock  companies,  fire  loss,  $4.06  on  each  $1,000  at  risk;  marine  loss  on  same  amount,  $48.46; 
the  ratio  of  marine  losses  to  amount  of  premiums  received  in  1867,  was  105.2  per  cent.  In  the 
mutual  companies,  the  ratio  of  fire  loss  was  $1.28  on  each  $1,000  risk;  marine  loss  ou  same 
amount,  $46.16. 


376  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

17.    MICHIGAN. 

Capital,  Lansing.  Area,  56,451  square  miles.  Population  (1864),  803,745. 
This  State  was  settled  in  1670,  by  the  French,  at  Detroit.  At  the  peace  of 
1763,  it  came  under  the  dominion  of  Great  Britain.  It  was  a  part  of  the 
territory  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Virginia ;  wras  set  off  from  Indiana, 
and  erected  into  a  separate  territory  in  1805,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as 
a  State,  January  26,  1837. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Govei nor. ...» HENRY  P.  BALDWIN Detroit $1,000 

Lieutenant  Governor MORGAN  BATES Grand  Traverse * 

Secretary  of  State OLIVER  L.  SPAULDING St.  Johns 800 

Treasurer EBEN  O.  GUOSVENOR Jones ville 1.000 

Auditor  General WILLIAM  HUMPHREY Adrian 1,000 

Com.  Land  Office BENJ.  D.  PRITCHARD Allcgan 800 

Attorney  General D  WIGHT  MAY Kalamazoo 800 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. OR AMEL  HOSFORD Olivet 800 

Secretary  Hoard  of  Agriculture SANFORD  HOWARD Lansing 1,500 

Adjutant  General JOHN  ROBERTSON Detroit 

The  above  officers  are  chosen  by  the  legal  voters  every  two  years,  on  the 
Tuesday  succeeding  the  first  Monday  in  November.  Senators,  32  in  number, 
and  Representatives,  not  exceeding  100  in  number,  constitute  the  Legislature 
of  Michigan.  They  are  chosen  every  second  year  at  the  general  election  in 
November.  The  Legislature  assembles  in  regular  session,  on  the  first  Wednes 
day  in  January  biennially,  in  the  odd  years  1869,  1871,  &c.  To  qualify  a 
resident  to  vote,  he  must  be  above  the  age  of  twenty-one,  must  have  resided 
in  the  State  three  mdnths,  and  in  his  election  district  ten  days.  Subject  to 
these  qualifications,  eveiy  white  male  citizen,  and  every  white  male  inhabi 
tant  residing  in  the  State  on  the  24th  of  June,  1835,  or  on  the  1st  of  January, 
1850,  who  shall  have  legally  declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  six 
months  before  an  election,  or  who  shall  have  resided  in  the  State  two  years 
and  six  months,  having  declared  his  intentions,  and  every  civilized  male  In 
dian  not  a  member  of  any  tribe,  is  entitled  to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  in  Circuit  Courts,  Pro 
bate  Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court  has  a  general 
superintending  control  over  all  inferior  courts.  It  has  power  to  issue  writs  of 
error,  habeas  corpus,  mandamus,  quo  warranto,  procedendo,  and  other  original 
and  remedial  writs,  and  to  hear  and  determine  the  same.  In  all  other  cases 
it  has  appellate  jurisdiction  only.  The  court  consists  of  four  judges,  chosen 
at  an  election  held  for  the  purpose  on  the  first  Monday  in  April.  The  Cir 
cuit  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  matters,  civil  and  criminal,  not 
prohibited  by  law,  and  appellate  jurisdiction  from  all  inferior  courts  and 
tribunals.  They  have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  mandamus,  in 
junction,  quo  warranto,  certiorari,  and  other  writs  necessary  to  carry  into 
*  $4  per  day  during  session  of  Legislature. 


MICHIGAN.  377 

effect  their  judgments,  &c.,  and  to  give  them  general  control  over  inferior 
tribunals  within  their  jurisdiction. 

The  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  hold  their  offices  for  eight  years,  one 
judge  retiring  every  second  year  unless  re-elected.  The  clerk  of  the  county 
holding  the  court  is  clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Judges  of  the  Circuit 
Court  are  chosen  by  the  people  of  their  respective  districts,  at  the  elections 
held  in  April,  to  hold  office  for  six  years.  Prosecuting  officers  are  elected  by 
the  people  of  each  county,  to  hold  office  for  two  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Noah  H.  Swayne.  District  Judge— Eastern  District,  Ross  Wilkins ;  Western 
District,  Solomon  L.  Withey.  District  Attorney— Eastern  District,  Alfred  Russell ;  Western,  Dis 
trict,  Augustus  D.  Griswold.  Marshals— Eastern  District,  N.  S.  Andrews ;  Western  District, 
James  Henry.  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court— Eastern  District,  William  D.  Wilkins ;  Western  District, 
Isaac  H.  Parish.  Clerk  of  District  Court— Eastern  District,  John  Winder ;  Western  District, 
Isaac  H.  Parish. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Thomas  M.  Cooley,  Ann  Arbor,  elected  in  1867. 

Associate  Justices.  James  V.  Campbell,  Detroit ;  Benjamin  Graves,  Niles ;  Isaac  P.  Chris- 
tiancy,  Monroe.  Salaries,  $2,500  each. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

Judges.  1st  Circuit,  Franklin  Johnson,  Monroe  ;  2c?  Circuit,  Nathaniel  Bacon,  Niles  ;  3d  Cir- 
cuit,  Jared  Patchen,  Detroit;  4th  Circuit,  Edwin  Lawrence,  Ann  Arbor;  5th  Circuit,  George 
Woodruff,  Marshall ;  Gth  Circuit,  James  S.  Dewey ;  1th  Circuit,  Josiah  Turner,  Owosso ;  8th 
Circuit.  Louis  S.  Lovell,  Ionia;  9th  Circuit,  Flavius  J.  Littlejohn,  Allcgan ;  lQ(h  Circuit,  Jabez 
G.  Sutherland,  Saginaw ;  11/A  Circuit,  D.  Goodwin,  Detroit ;  IWi  Circuit,  Clarence  E.  Eddie  ; 
19th  Circuit,  J.  G.  Ramsdell;  Uth  Circuit,  M.  B.  Hopkins.  Salaries,  $1,800  each. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

At  Lansing  on  the  Tuesdays  succeeding  the  first  Monday  in  January  and  July  ;  and  at  Detroit 
on  the  Tuesdays  succeeding  the  first  Monday  in  April  and  October. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  of  cash  in  the  treasury,  Nov.  30,  1866,      -        -        -        $579,007.32 
Amount  received  during  the  fiscal  year, 1,697,390.32 


$2,276,397.64 
Amount  disbursed  during  the  fiscal  year,  -  1,694,283.68 


Showing  balance  in  the  treasury,  Nov.  30,  1867,     -        -        -        $582,113.96 
The  receipts  and  expenditures  on  account  of  the  principal  funds,  were  as  follows  : 

EXPENDITURES.  RECEIPTS. 

Normal  School  Interest  Fund $9,528.00 $2,062.77 

Two  Million  Loan  Sinking  Fund 58,000.00 

Primary  School  Fund IOQ.OQ 112,055.44 

Primary  School  Interest  Fund 144.733.81 52,506.36 

War  Fund 108.967.50 17.50 

Asylum  Fund 137,375.17 3,148.16 

General  Fund 791,308.10  1,078,116.70 

Swamp  Land  Fund 362,791.64 376,377.14 

Normal  School  Fund 1,824.92 

Internal  Improvement  Fund 8,678.55 12,127.33 


378  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR  BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

EXPENDITUKES.  RECEIPTS. 

University  Interest  Fund $39,004.83 $12,692.45 

St.  Mary's  Falls  Ship  Canal  Fund 7,315.00 18,905.61 

Soldiers'  Home  Fund 7,000.00 

War  Loan  Sinking  Fund 12,000.00 

University  Fund 120.00 19,402.37 

Military  Fund 7,013.00 

Swamp  Land  Interest  Fund 319.71 6,559.36 

State  Building  Fund 8.37 694.21 

The  net  proceeds  from  tax  collections,  tax  sales,  &c.,  amounted  to  $607,- 
863.70,  and  the  receipts  from  specific  taxes  were,  from  Railroad  and  Railway 
Companies,  $163,915.97  ;  National  Banks,  $34,212.30  ;  Insurance  Companies, 
$52,210.22;  miscellaneous,  $986.93;  total,  $251,325.42. 

The  following  sum  was  applicable  to  and  set  apart  for  the  several  sinking 
funds  during  the  year:  $270,628.22.  The  amount  charged  and  chargeable  to 
the  funds  was,  $363,879.11 ;  showing  the  sinking  funds  overdrawn,  $93,- 
250.89. 

STATE  DEBT,  SEPT.  12,  1868. 

The  bonded  interest-bearing  debt  of  the  State  was  as  follows  : 

Sault  Canal  Bonds,  6's,  due  July  1,  1879 , $100,000.00 

Renewal  Loan  Bonds,  6's,  due  July  1,  1878 210,000.00 

Two  Million  Loan  Bonds,  6's,  due  Jan.  1, 1873 500,000.00 

6's,        "         1,  1878 500,000.00 

6's,        "         1,1883 750,000.00 

War  Loan  Bonds,  7's,  due  Jan.  1, 1886 1,081,500.00 

War  Bounty  Loan  Bonds,  7's,  due  May  1, 1890 463,000.00 

Total  interest-bearing  debt $3,610,500.00 

The  non-interest-bearing  debt  of  the  State  was  as  follows  : 

Adjusted  Bonds,  past  due ..$3,000.00 

Full-paid  Five  Million  Loan  Bonds,  past  due 3,000.00 

Two  Million  Loan  Bonds 4,000.00 

War  Loan  Bonds,  drawn  for  sinking  fund 600.00 

$60,000  unrecognized  Five  Million  Loan  Bonds,  adjustable  at 34,714.20 

45,314.20 

Total  bonded  debt  of  the  State $3,655,814.20 

EDUCATION. 

The  University  of  Michigan  enjoys  a  high  degree  of  prosperity.  The 
course  of  instruction  is  broad,  embracing  such  a  wide  range  of  elective 
studies,  that  the  requirements  of  all'may  be  met.  The  University  has  three  de 
partments,  viz. :  Literature,  Medicine,  and  Law,  and  the  Literary  Department 
has  six  parallel  courses  of  study.  The  number  of  students  in  1867  was 
greater  than  ever  before,  and  greater  than  in  any  other  American  College. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  his  report  for  1867,  gives  an 
account  of  five  other  colleges,  all  prosperous. 

The  Agricultural  College  has  been  obliged  to  refuse  many  applicants,  for 
want  of  room. 

The  State  Normal  School  at  Ypsilanti,  opened  in  1854.  The  course  of 
study  embraces  a  Normal  Training  course,  and  a  Higher  Normal  course. 
The  Model  or  Experimental  School,  has  four  distinct  departments,  in  which 
the  pupils  of  the  Normal  School  practice  in  actual  teaching,  during  their 


I860.]  MICHIGAN.  379 

studies  in  the  Normal  School.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
has  the  general  supervision  of  public  education  in  the  State.  The  system  of 
Township  school  inspection  was  abolished  in  1867,  and  County  Superintend 
ents  substituted.  The  new  system  of  supervision  has  operated  favorably. 

A  series  of  Teachers1  Institutes  is  held  in  the  spring  and  autumn,  under 
the  direction  of  the  State  Superintendent.  County  Superintendents  also  hold 
Institutes  in  a  few  of  the  counties.  The  State  has  three  distinct  school 
funds,  which  at  the  close  of  the  year  1867  amounted  as  follows: 

Primary  School  Fund,  7  per  cent $2,149,350.15 

"  "  "      5        "  .    151,824.15 

$2,301,174.30 

University  Fund,  7  per  cent 557,883.00 

Normal  School  Fund,  6  per  cent 66,636.69 

Total $2,925,643.99 

University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor.  ERASTUS  C.  HAVEN,  D.D.  LL.D.,  President.  Num 
ber  of  Instructors,  31 :  Number  of  students— Science,  Literature  and  the  Arts— Seniors,  37 ; 
Juniors,  46  ;  Sophomores,  72  ;  Freshmen,  99 ;  in  Mining  and  Engineering,  5  ;  in  selected  studies, 
41;  in  Higher  Chemistry,  35;  total,  335;  Medicine  and  Surgery,  525.  Law— Seniors,  153 ;  Jun 
iors,  242 ;  total  in  all  departments,  1,255. 

Graduates  in  1867 :  Mining  Engineering,  2 ;  Civil  Engineering,  6;  Bachelor  of  Science,  10; 
Bachelor  of  Arts,  27;  Master  of  Science,  6  ;  Master  of  Arts,  6;  Doctor  of  Medicine,  82;  Bachelor 
of  Law,  146 ;  LL.D.  Honorary,  1 ;  total,  286.  Total  of  receipts,  $66,909.14  ;  total  of  expenses, 
$58,847.99;  balance  in  the  treasury,  $8,061.15. 

State  Normal  School,  Ypsilanti.  D.  P.  MAYHEW,  Principal.  Winter  term  of  1866-7: 
Number  of  pupils— in  Classes  A  and  B,  70;  in  Class  C,  50;  in  Class  D,  48;  in  Class  E,  24;  total, 
192.  Summer  Term  of  1867 :  Number  of  pupils— in  Classes  A  and  B,  50 ;  in  Class  C,  48 ;  in 
Class  D,  26:  in  Class  E,  18;  total,  142.  Fall  Term  of  1867:  Number  of  pupils— in  Classes  A 
and  B.  86  ;  in  Class  C,  82 ;  in  Class  D,  52 ;  in  Class  E,  20 ;  total,  240. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  counties,  58;  number  of  townships,  774;  number  of  districts, 
4,744  ;  number  of  new  districts  organized,  182 ;  number  of  children,  338,244 ;  number  attending 
school,  243,161 ;  number  attending  school  under  five  or  over  twenty  years  of  age.  6,422 ;  average 
length  of  schools  in  months.  6.2;  number  of  districts  having  rate-bills,  2,480;  number  of  districts 
in  debt,  1,423;  number  of  township  libraries,  181 ;  number  of  district  libraries,  1,472;  number 
of  volumes  in  all,  140,469 ;  number  of  volumes  added  during  the  year,  8,353 ;  number  of  stone 
school  houses,  73 ;  number  of  brick  school  houses,  375;  number  of  wood  school  houses.  3,509; 
number  of  log  school  houses,  665;  number  of  graded  school  districts,  179;  number  of  children 
in  same,  100.701 ;  average  length  of  said  schools,  in  months,  8.85 ;  number  of  visits — by  county 
superintendents — summer  term,  2,484 ;  by  directors — in  the  year,  7,432 ;  number  of  male  teachers, 
2,007 ;  number  of  female  teachers,  7,377 ;  number  of  months  taught — by  male  teachers,  7,681 ;  by 
female  teachers,  29,729;  average  wages  per  month — males,  $44.03;  females,  $19.48  ;  amount  paid 
for  library  books.  $12,158.90 ;  receipts  from  fines,  $10,976.21 ;  value  of  school  houses  in  the 
State,  $3,361,567. 

Receipts  for  1867— on  hand  at  commencement  of  year,  $192,602.02;  two-mill  tax,  $287,967.63; 
Primary  School  Fund,  $142,913.25;  rate-bills,  $107,170.91 ;  tuition  of  non-resident  scholars,  $21,- 
557.22;  district  taxes  to  pay  teachers,  $332,842.13;  other  district  taxes,  $541,462.06;  tax  on  dogs, 
$25,812.92;  from  all  other  sources,  $331,082.65;  total,  $2,011,236.01. 

Expenditures  for  1867:  paid  teachers— males.  $336,054.98;  females,  $572,234.52;  total,  $908,289.- 
50;  paid  for  building  purposes.  $545,437.30;  paid  for  all  other  purposes,  $287,701.66;  amount  on 
hand  at  close  of  year,  $303,156.00;  expense  of  board  as  above  estimated,  $299,280.00;  total,  $2,- 
310,305.83. 

Private  Schools.  Number  of  private  schools,  257 ;  number  of  pupils  in  private  schools, 
10,703. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind,  which  was  organized 
in  1854,  has  a  larger  number  of  pupils  than  ever  before. 


380  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Insane  was  opened  in  1859.  The  grounds  comprise 
167  acres ;  the  buildings  first  erected  were  crowded  with  patients  in  1866, 
but  additional  accommodations  have  been  provided. 

The  number  of  convicts  in  the  Penitentiary,  which  was  630  in  January 
1861,  decreased  until  May  1865,  when  there  were  only  262,  but  in  Nov.  1867, 
there  were  582,  an  increase  of  302  in  two  and  a  half  years.  The  convicts 
are  employed  principally  in  the  manufacture  of  cabinet-work,  agricultural 
tools,  cigars  and  in  finishing  leather.  The  earnings  of  the  prisoners  in  1867, 
amounted  to  $57,866.58,  under  the  old  contract  prices.  The  present  prices 
will  increase  the  amount. 

The  State  Reform  School  was  founded  in  1853,  and  opened  in  1856. 

The  Detroit  House  of  Correction,  though  not  strictly  a  State  Institution, 
receives  persons  from  any  part  of  the  State  convicted  of  offences  punishable 
by  imprisonment  in  county  jails,  and  employs  them  in  making  chairs,  under 
the  direction  of  the  prison  officers. 

Michigan  Asylum  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind,  Flint. 
EGBERT  L.  BANGS,  Principal.  Whole  number  of  pupils?,  1867— deaf  and  dumb,  106  ;  blind,  20 ; 
total,  126. 

Michigan  Asylum  for  Insane,  Kalamazoo.  E.  H.  VAN  DEUSEN,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  patients  in  Asylum,  Dec.  1,  1806 — males,  78;  females,  94;  total,  172.  Received  dur 
ing  the  year — males,  36;  females,  34;  total,  70.  Whole  number  treated — males,  114;  females, 
128;  total,  242.  Number  of  patients  discharged  during  year — males,  36  ;  females,  37;  total,  73. 
Recovered,  28  ;  improved,  11 ;  unimproved,  24 ;  died,  10.  Remaining  Dec.  1,  1867 — males,  78 ; 
females,  91 ;  total,  169.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity— hereditary,  25  ;  ill  health,  139 ;  puerperal, 
32;  domestic  trouble,  29;  grief  and  anxiety,  27;  epilepsy,  19;  over  exertion,  33;  popular  errors, 
10;  vicious  habits,  39;  domestic  affliction,  14;  intemperance,  13;  business  perplexities,  9; 
fright,  8 ;  injury  to  the  head,  6 ;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  274  ;  total,  677.  Civil  condition- 
single,  291 ;  married,  337 ;  widowed,  47 ;  unascertained,  2 ;  total,  677.  Age  of  those  admitted— 
from  10  to  20,  52 ;  20  to  30,  225 ;  30  to  40,  168  ;  40  to  50,  117  ;  50  to  60,  70  ;  60  to  70,  34 ;  seventy 
and  upwards,  4  ;  unascertained,  12  ;  total,  677. 

Michigan  State  Prison,  Jackson.  II.  II.  BINGHAM.  Agent.  Number  in  prison  Nov.  30, 
1866,  502.  Number  received  during  the  year,  254.  Number  discharged — by  expiration  of  sen 
tence,  161  ;  pardoned,  2;  died,  2;  escaped,  9;  total,  174.  Remaining  Dec.  1,  1867,  582.  Terms 
for  which  those  received  during  the  year  were  sentenced — one  year  and  less,  72  ;  1  to  2  years, 
62 ;  2  to  3  years,  47 ;  3  to  4  years,  16 ;  4  to  6  years,  303 ;  7  to  10  yoars,  12 ;  13  to  20  years,  7 ;  21 
years,  1 ;  30  years,  1 ;  life  solitary,  6 ;  total,  254.  Age  of  those  sentenced— 16  to  20  years,  61 ; 
20  to  30  years,  127 ;  30  to  40  years,  34 ;  40  to  50  years,  18 ;  50  to  60  years,  8  ;  60  to  73  years,  6 ; 
total,  254.  Cause  of  commitment— larceny,  135  ;  burglary,  20 ;  burglary  and  larceny,  19 ;  pass 
ing  counterfeit  money,  12;  rape,  5 ;  robbery,  5 ;  arson,  4;  assault  to  murder,  4 ;  a^ault  to  rape, 
4;  forgery,  5;  manslaughter,  4;  murder,  6;  miscellaneous,  27;  total,  254.  Nativity— Michigan, 
39;  other  states,  145;  foreign  countries,  70;  total,  254.  Whole  number  since  establishment  of 
prison— received,  3,184  ;  discharged,  1,877;  pardoned,  486 ;  escaped,  91;  died,  135;  reversal  of 
sentence,  13. 

Michigan  State  Reform  School,  Lansing.  REV.  CHARLES  JOHNSON,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  inmates  Nov.  16,  1866— white  boys,  260;  colored  boys,  18 ;  total,  278.  Admitted  dur 
ing  the  year — white  boys,  105 ;  colored  boys,  5;  indian,  1;  total,  111.  Released — white  boys, 
129;  colored  boys,  5;  total,  134.  Remaining  Nov.  16,  1867— white  boys,  238;  colored  boys,  18; 
indian,!;  total,  257.  Cause  of  commitment  during  the  year — petit  larceny,  63;  burglary  and 
larceny,  5;  assault  and  battery,  7 ;  grand  larceny,  9;  miscellaneous,  7;  total,  111.  Nativity- 
United  States,  79 ;  foreign  countries,  27 ;  unknown,  8.  Age— 8  years  old,  1 ;  10  years,  5 ;  11  years, 
10 ;  12  years,  13 ;  13  years,  12 ;  14  years,  22 ;  15  years,  36 ;  16  years,  11 ;  total,  111.  Average  age, 
13  years  and  8  months.  Domestic  condition  of  boys  previous  to  commitment — lost  their  father, 
26 ;  lost  mother,  23 ;  lost  both  parents,  19 ;  whose  relatives  have  been  arrested  for  crime,  11 ; 
who  have  used  intoxicating  drinks,  39;  been  in  jail  one  or  more  times,  37  ;  t-lept  in  boxes,  old 
bheds,  on  steps,  &c.,  46.  Of  those  who  have  been  released— discharged  as  reformed,  87  ;  to  eo 


1869.]  MICHIGAN.  381 

out  of  State  to  reside  with  parents,  4 ;  granted  leave  of  absence  for  one  year,  41 ;  died,  1 ;  escaped, 
1 ;  total,  134.    Average  time  of  detention,  2  years,  8  months,  and  8  days. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  as  given  by  each  census  since  1810,  was  as  follows: 

Population.        Rate  of  increase.  Population.  Rate  of  increase. 

1810 4,762 1850 397,634 87.34 

1820 8,765 .86.81        1860 749,113 88.38 

1830 31,639 255.65        1864 803,745 71.59 

1840 212,267 570.09 

The  ratio  of  increase  from  1820  to  1840  was  greater  than  in  any  other  State,  and  during  the 
last  of  these  two  decades,  more  than  twice  as  great. 

The  State  is  divided  by  Lake  Michigan  into  two  peninsulas ;  the  northern 
is  316  miles  long- and  from  36  to  120  miles  broad,  and  the  southern  416  miles 
long,  and  from  50  to  300  miles  broad.  The  northern  peninsula  is  undulating, 
broken,  and  much  of  it  densely  timbered ;  the  southern  is  nearly  level,  and 
better  adapted  to  agriculture. 

The  climate  is  less  severe  than  that  of  other  portions  of  the  country  be 
tween  the  same  parallels  of  latitude,  being  softened  by  the  immense  fresh 
water  surface  on  the  borders  of  the  State. 

The  State  is  productive  in  most  of  the  grains,  potatoes,  beans,  hay,  and 
in  fruits.  The  yield  of  maple  sugar,  sorghum  molasses,  and  honey,  is  abun 
dant  and  increasing.  Tobacco  is  cultivated  to  some  extent,  and  large  quanti 
ties  are  imported  for  m^ftiufacture.  Wool  raising  is  an  important  branch  of 
husbandry.  The  lumber  trade  is  of  great  value  and  extent,  and  salt  exists 
in  considerable  quantities.  The  United  States  have  over  five  millions  of 
acres  of  land  in  this  State,  yet  to  be  disposed  of. 

The  mineral  resources  are  chiefly  in  the  northern  peninsula.  The  great 
copper  deposits  are  principally  located  in  the  Keweenaw  peninsula,  but  the 
beds  extend  along  the  lake  from  Ontanagon  to  Schoolcraft,  in  greater  or  less 
quantities.  The  yield  of  copper  has  risen  to  an  annual  average  of  8,000 
tons,  with  promise  of  steady  increase.  The  opening  of  the  St.  Mary's 
Canal,  and  the  clearing  of  the  entrance  into  Portage  lake,  have  given  fresh 
impetus  to  this  branch  of  mining  industry.  Silver  has  been  found  in  con 
nection  with  the  copper,  in  the  proportion  of  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  per 
cent. 

The  rich  deposits  of  iron  ore  are  found  chiefly  in  Marquette  County,  but 
iron  is  also  found  in  Delta,'  and  to  some  extent  in  Berrien  and  Branch  coun 
ties.  In  the  production  of  this  mineral  in  1863,  Michigan  was  second  only 
to  Pennsylvania,  having  produced  273,000  tons  of  ore.  Bituminous  coal  is 
found  in  some  parts  of  the  State. 

The  State  has  a  Lake  shore  line  of  1,400  miles,"and  its  position  is  advan 
tageous  for  commerce,  of  which  it  has  a  considerable  share,  having  lines  of 
trade  with  Liverpool. 

Products.  The  products  for  1866  were— corn,  16,118,680  bushels,  value  $13,217,318;  wheat, 
14,740,639  bushels,  value  $37,588,630  ;  rye,  413,150  bushels,  value  $437,939 ;  oats,  8,293,877  bushels, 
value  $3,898,122 ;  barley,  418,971  bushels,  value  $427,350 ;  buckwheat,  1,306,819  bushels,  value 
$1,280,683;  potatoes,  5,037,298  bushels,  value  $2,820,877  ;  hay,  1,218,959  tons,  value  $16,760,686; 
wool  clip,  9,750,000  pounds  ;  lumber,  1,125,000,000  feet.  In  1865  the  yield  of  fish  from  the  lakes 
was  35,200  barrels,  valued  at  $563,200. 


382  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18(59. 

Railroads.  Upwards  of  800  miles  of  railroads  have  been  completed,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$35,000,000,  and  000  miles  more  are  in  course  of  construction  or  have  been  projected. 

Manufactures.  In  I860,  there  were  3,348  manufacturing  establishments,  with  a  capital  of 
$23,808,226 ;  cost  of  labor  and  raw  material,  $24,370,658 ;  total  value  of  products,  $32,058,356 ; 
surplus  over  cost  of  labor  and  material,  $8,287,698,  or  nearly  35  per  cent,  on  the  working  capi 
tal  invested. 

Banks.  There  were  in  1868,  42  National  Banks,  with  a  paid  up  capital  of  $5,210,010,  owning 
real  estate  to  the  amount  of  $224,874 ;  value  of  real  and  personal  estate  as  equalized  by  the 
State  Board  of  Equalization  for  1866,  $307,965,842. 


18.    MINNESOTA. 

Capital,  St.  Paul.  Area,  83,531  square  miles.  Population,  (1867),  400,000. 
This  State  was  visited  by  traders,  trappers,  and  Jesuit  Missionaries  from 
Montreal,  about  1654.  The  Upper  Mississippi  was  explored  by  Louis  Hen- 
nepin.  in  1680.  In  1689,  a  fort  was  erected  by  Perrot,  Le  Sueur,  and  others, 
on  Lake  Pepin,  and  in  1695,  a  second  fort  was  established  in  Minnesota  by 
Le  Sueur.  In  1766,  the  territory  was  explored  by  Jonathan  Carver  of  Con 
necticut,  who  went  to  England  and  wrote  an  account  of  his  explorations. 
This  State  formed  a  part  of  the  original  Louisiana  territory  as  purchased 
from  France  in  1803.  In  1812,  a  settlement  was  formed  in  the  Red  River 
country,  principally  by  Scotchmen.  Fort  Snclling  was  settled  by  emigrants 
from  the  northern  and  western  States  about  1845.  Minnesota  was  organized 
as  a  territory,  March  31,  1849,  and  admitted  into*  the  Union  as  a  State, 
February  26,  1857 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor WILLIAM  R.  MARSHALL St.  Paul $3,000 

Lieutenant  Governor THOMAS  H.  ARMSTRONG High  Forrest * 

Secretary  of  State H.  C.  ROGERS St.  Paul 1,800 

Auditor  of  State CHARLES  MC!LRATII 1,500 

State  Treasurer EMIL  MUNCH St.  Paul 1,200 

Attorney  General F.  R.  E.  CORNELL Minneapolis tl,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc. . . .  MARK  II.  DUNNELL St.  Paul 2,500 

Land  Commissioner CHARLES  MC!LRATH 1,000 

Adjutant  General H.  P.  VAN  CLEVE St.  Paul 1,500 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  and 
Attorney  General  are  chosen  by  a  plurality  vote  for  two  years.  The  Auditor 
is  elected  in  the  same  way,  but  for  three  years.  The  number  of  Senators  is 
22,  of  Representatives  47.  Senators  are  chosen  for  two  years,  one-half  each 
year ;  Representatives  are  elected  annually.  The  election  for  State  officers 
and  members  of  the  Legislature,  is  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday  in 
November.  The  Legislature  meets  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday 
of  January.  The  sessions  are  annual. 

Every  male  person,  twenty-one  years  of  age,  of  either  of  the  following 
classes,  viz. :  White  citizens  of  the  United  States ;  white  persons  of  foreign 
birth,  who  have  duly  declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens ;  persons 
of  mixed  white  and  Indian  blood,  and  persons  of  Indian  blood  residing  in 
the  State,  who  have  adopted  the  language,  customs,  and  habits  of  civiliza 
tion,  when  pronounced  capable  by  any  District  Court  in  the  State,  may  vote, 
*  $10  per  day  during  session  of  Legislature,  t  Also  $10  per  day  during  attendance  upon  Court. 


1869.]  MINNESOTA.  333 

if  they  have  resided  in  the  United  States  one  year,  in  the  State  four  months, 
and  in  the  election  district  ten  days  next  preceding  the  election. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Courts,  Courts 
of  Probate,  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  such  other  courts  inferior  to  the  Su 
preme  Court  as  the  Legislature  may  by  a  two-thirds  vote  establish.  The 
Supreme  Court  with  original  jurisdiction  in  such  remedial  cases  as  are  pre 
scribed  by  law,  and  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  both  in  law  and  equity, 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices,  elected  by  the  peo 
ple,  to  hold  office  for  seven  years  and  until  their  successors  are  qualified. 

There  are  no  trials  by  jury  in  this  court.  A  clerk  is  chosen  for  three  years. 
There  are  six  judges  of  the  District  Courts  elected  in  single  Districts 
for  seven  years.  A  clerk  is  chosen  in  each  county.  The  District  Courts 
have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  in  law  and  equity  where  over  $100 
is  in  controversy,  and  in  criminal  cases  where  the  punishment  may  be  im 
prisonment  for  over  three  months  or  a  fine  of  over  $100. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  H.  Miller.  District  Judge,  Rensselaer  R.  Nelson.  District  Attorney, 
H.  L.  Moss.  Marshal,  Charles  Eaton.  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  H.  E.  Mann. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Thomas  Wilson,  Winona. 

Associate  Justices,  S.  J.  R.  McMillan,  St.  Paul ;  John  M.  Beny,  Fairbower,  Rice  Co.  Salaries, 
$3,000  each.  Clerk,  Sherwood  Hough.  Reporter,  W.  A.  Spencer. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Judges.— First  District,  Charles  McClure  ;  Second  District,  W.  Wilkin  ;  Third  District,  L. 
Barber;  Fourth  District,  C.  E.  Vanderburg;  Fifth  District,  N.  M.  Donaldson;  Sixth  District, 
Horace  Austin  ;  Seventh  District,  J.  M.  McKeloy.  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  W.  S.  Hall. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

The  Supreme  Court  holds  two  sessions  annually,  at  St.  Paul,  on  the  first  days  of  July  and 
December. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  December  1,  1866, $68,189.93 

Receipts  to  November  30,  1867, 687,729.98 


$755,919.91 

Disbursements  from  the  Treasury  in  1867,       -  704,683.52 

Balance  in  Treasury,  Dec.  1,  1867, 51/236.39 

$755,919.91 
SOURCES  OP  REVENUE. 

From  7  per  cent,  loan  of  July  1867,  for  State  institution  buildings $100.250.00 

From  sales  and  stumpage  of  school  lands 110  227  13 

From  sales  of  United  States  10-40  bonds ]    7o'oOO.OO 

From  interest  on  invested  school  fund " 

Revenue  from  railroads 

Miscellaneous  sources 

Balance  in  treasury "  il!;^/.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.".".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.!!.'  C8,'l69.93 

Totel ...$755,919.91 


384  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

For  general  expenses  of  State  Government $199,717.08 

For  buildings  for  State  institutions 134,790.84 

For  payment  of  interest  on  loans 25,620.40 

Land  office  fees  and  expenses  locating  internal  improvement  lands 4,076.12 

Investment  for  permanent  school  fund 187,000.00 

Investment  for  sinking  fund 57,125.56 

General  school  fund  apportioned 91,629.42 

Premium  on  bonds 812.10 

Bounties  for  destruction  of  wolves 3,912.00 


Total  disbursements  for  the  year $704,683.52 

Balance  in  treasury,  Nov.  30, 1867 51,236.39 


$755,919.91 

Unredeemed  warrants  at  the  beginning  of  the  year $1,849.14 

Outstanding  treasury  warrants,  November  30, 1867 1,727.59 

FUNDED  DEBT. 

Of  the  bonds  issued  for  State  purposes  there  remained  outstanding,  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year,  the  following : 

Balance  of  the  eight  per  cent,  loan  of  July,  1858 $125,000.00 

Sioux  war  seven  per  cent,  loan  of  November,  1862 100,000.00 

State  building  seven  per  cent,  loan  of  July,  1867 100,000.00 

Total $325,000.00 

The  constitutional  limit  of  State  loans  is  $350,000. 

EDUCATION. 

The  act  of  Congress  establishing  a  territorial  government  for  Minnesota, 
approved  March  2, 1849,  provided  that  sections  numbered  sixteen  and  thirty- 
six  in  each  township,  should  be  reserved  for  the  use  of  schools.  On  the 
adoption  of  the  State  constitution,  provision  was  made  for  the  management 
of  the  lands,  and  the  fund  arising  from  their  sale. 

The  lands  are  sold  at  public  auction,  and  none  are  sold  less  than  the  ap 
praisal,  nor  less  than  $5  an  acre.  This  State  was  entitled  to  120,000  acres 
under  the  act  of  1862,  making  grants  to  Agricultural  Colleges.  The  lands 
have  been  selected,  and  it  is  believed  that  they  can  be  disposed  of  so  as  to 
make  a  fund  of  $500,000. 

An  appropriation  of  $15,000,  made  by  the  legislature  to  the  State  Univer 
sity  in  1867,  enabled  the  Board  of  Regents  to  open  the  preparatory  depart 
ment.  The  Board  have  also  succeeded  in  relieving  the  institution  of  over 
$100,000  of  debt,  and  saving  30,000  acres  of  land  that  was  supposed  to  be 
lost.  The  Hamline  University  at  Red  Wing  has  good  buildings  and  is 
flourishing. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  has  the  general  supervision  of 
the  public  schools,  and  reports  annually  to  the  legislature.  The  office  had 
been  attached  to  that  of  Secretary  of  State  until  1867,  when  an  independent 
office  was  created,  and  a  Superintendent  was  appointed,  who  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  his  office  on  the  2d  day  of  April,  1867.  The  results  of  his  labors  are 
already  seen  in  the  improved  organization  and  administration  of  the  school 
system.  The  law  of  1864,  provided  for  the  appointment  of  County  Superin 
tendents,  but  in  1867  only  26  counties  had  made  appointments.  The  trustees 


1869.]  MINNESOTA.  335 

of  school  districts  have  the  immediate  charge  of  the  local  administration 
of  the  school  system. 

The  State  Normal  School  at  Winona  is  prosperous.  Since  its  reorganiza 
tion  in  1864,  the  numbers  in  attendance  have  been  constantly  increasing. 
The  new  building,  erected  at  an  expense  of  about  $100,000,  has  accommoda 
tions  for  250  in  the  Normal  department,  200  in  the  Model  classes,  and  200  in 
the  Practice  classes.  Nearly  one-third  of  the  time  of  the  Normal  pupils 
through  the  entire  course  is  given  to  professional  training  and  practice.  Two 
other  Normal  Schools  will  be  established  in  the  State  as  soon  as  the  neces 
sary  steps  have  been  taken  for  complying  with  the  provisions  of  the  law. 

Twenty-three  Teachers"  Institutes  were  held  in  1867,  in  18  different  coun 
ties,  with  an  attendance  of  772  teachers. 

Public  Schools.  Whole  number  of  organized  counties  in  the  State,  in  1S67,  51 ;  number 
making  school  returns,  50.  Number  of  school  districts,  2,207 ;  increase  for  the  year,  209. 
Number  of  districts  reported,  2,035  ;  increase  for  the  year,  254.  Whole  number  of  children  be 
tween  5  and  21  years  of  age— males,  59,157  ;  females,  55,264  ;  total,  114,421 ;  increase  for  the  year, 
12,303.  Whole  number  attending  school— males,  35,041 ;  females,  30,766 ;  total,  65,807.  Whole 
number  attending  winter  schools,  44,408 ;  average  number,  29,292.  Whole  number  attending 
summer  schools,  47,067 ;  average  number,  29,549.  Whole  number  of  winter  schools,  1,261 ; 
whole  number  of  summer  schools,  1,324.  Whole  number  of  male  teachers  employed,  749 ;  in 
crease  for  the  year,  217.  Whole  number  of  female  teachers  employed,  1,836 ;  increase  for  the 
year,  211.  Average  wages  of  male  teachers  per  month,  $34.61 ;  of  female  teachers,  $22.28. 
Whole  amount  paid  teachers,  $254,986.76 ;  increase  for  the  year,  $85,840.30.  Whole  number  of 
school  houses  in  State,  1,406  ;  increase  for  the  year,  109.  Value  of  all  the  school  houses  in  the 
State,  $746,291 ;  increase  for  the  year,  $273,946.71.  Whole  number  of  school  houses  built,  337  ; 
cost  of  the  same,  $331,219.60.  Whole  amount  received  from  State  school  funds,  $167,863.50  ; 
whole  amount  received  from  taxes  voted  by  districts,  $225,672.19 ;  increase  for  the  year,  $186,- 
651.87.  Whole  amount  expended  for  school  purposes,  $736,532.67;  increase  for  the  year, 
$299,221.60. 

Private  Schools.  Whole  number  of  private  schools  in  the  State,  50;  number  of  scholars 
—males,  2,228 ;  females,  2,088 ;  total,  4,316. 

Normal  School,  Winona.  WILLIAM  F.  PHELPS,  Principal.  Cost  of  buildings,  $100,000. 
Number  of  students— males,  13;  females,  74;  total,  87.  In  Model  Classes— boys,  84;  girls,  87; 
total,  171. 

School  Lands  and  School  Fund.  The  number  of  acres  of  school  land  sold  from  1862 
to  Nov.  30,  1867,  was  246,129 ;  average  price,  $6.23  per  acre ;  and  aggregate,  $1,534,053.94.  A 
considerable  amount  has  been  received  from  other  land  items  than  sales. 

The  securities  held  by  the  fund  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1867,  were  as  follows  : 

State  loans  of  Minnesota $309,187.50 

United  States  Bonds 224,825.00 

Balance  due  upon  lands  bearing  7  per  cent,  interest 1,053,035.89 

Balance  in  Treasury 162.39 

Total  amount  of  fund,  November  30,  1867 $1 ,587,210.78 

If  the  lands  remaining  are  sold  at  the  same  rate,  the  fund  if  managed  with  the  same  care  and 
prudence  as  in  the  past,  will  eventually  amount  to  over  $15,000,000. 

The  income  from  the  permanent  fund  constitutes  the  general  fund  which  is  annually  distribu 
ted  to  the  different  townships  throughout  the  State,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  scholars  in 
each  between  5  and  21  years  of  age.  The  amount  distributed  in  1867  was  $91,906.20,  or  .90  per 
capita.  The  estimated  amount  for  1868  was  $143,026,  or  $1.25  per  capita.  The  legislature  also 
levies  a  tax  of  two  mills  on  the  dollar,  amounting  in  1867  to  $116,000,  which  is  collected  and  dis 
bursed  by  local  officers. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  State  Charitable  Institutions  are  yet  in  their  infancy,  arrangements 
having  been  made  by  the  authorities  for  some  years  to  provide  for  the  un- 


386  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

fortunate  classes  in  the  institutions  of  other  States.  The  Minnesota  Institution 
for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  the  Blind,  located  at  Fari 
bault,  has  been  removed  into  a  new  and  commodious  building  just  completed 
for  its  use.  This  building,  80  by  45  feet  in  extent  and  four  stories  in  height, 
was  erected  of  stone,  at  a  cost  of  $51,600.  The  grounds  comprise  52  acres 
presented  to  the  State  by  the  citizens  of  Faribault.  The  institution  is  open 
to  all  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind  in  the  State,  between  the  ages  of  10 
and  25.  The  department  for  the  blind  has  only  been  in  operation  since  1866, 
and  has  as  yet  but  few  pupils. 

The  Hospital  for  the  Insane  was  established  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature, 
passed  March  2,  1866,  and  located  at  St.  Peter,  in-  Nicollet  County.  The 
grounds  comprise  210  acres  purchased  by  citizens  of  St.  Peter,  and  conveyed 
to  the  State  for  the  use  of  the  Hospital.  The  trustees  purchased  a  building 
and  fitted  it  up  for  the  accommodation  of  50  patients,  and  afterwards  en 
larged  it,  increasing  the  accommodations  so  as  to  provide  for  100.  Plans  for 
a  new  building  were  accepted  in  1867,  and  the  work  upon  it  commenced. 
If  completed  in  accordance  with  the  plan  adopted,  it  will  provide  ample 
accommodations  for  the  insane  for  many  years. 

The  State  Prison  is  reported  in  excellent  condition.  A  new  shop  was 
erected  in  1867,  at  a  cost  of  $9,383.75,  new  cells  were  constructed  and  fur 
nished,  and  the  prison  yard  was  extended.  A  State  Reform  School  has  been 
established  at  St.  Paul,  which  is  in  successful  operation. 

Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  the  Blind,  Faribault.  J.  L.  NOTES,  Su 
perintendent.  Number  in  department  of  Deaf  and  Dumb  in  1867— males,  15  ;  females,  12 ;  total, 
27.  In  department  for  the  blind— males,  2  ;  females,  2 ;  total,  4. 

Hospital  for  Insane,  St.  Peter.  SAMUEL  S.  SHANTZ,  Superintendent.  Whole  number  of 
patients  admitted  from  opening  of  hospital  December  1866,  to  December  1867,  97  ;  number  dis 
charged,  13;  recovered,  10;  died,  2;  eloped,  1 ;  remaining  in  hospital,  December  1867,  84.  Sup 
posed  cause  of  insanity— epilepsy,  6  ;  over  work,  6 ;  sunstroke,  3 ;  masturbation,  4 ;  miscella 
neous,  8 ;  no  assigned  cause,  69 ;  total,  97.  Civil  condition — married,  42 ;  single,  47  ;  Avidowed, 
8.  Occupation  of  those  admitted — farmers,  20 ;  house-keepers,  36  ;  laborers,  24  ;  domestic  ser 
vants,  7  ;  no  occupation,  3;  miscellaneous,  7.  Age  of  tbose  admitted — from  10  to  20,  7;  from 
20  to  30,  21 ;  from  30  to  40,  31 ;  from  40  to  50,  19 ;  from  50  to  GO,  15 ;  from  60  to  90,  4. 

State  Prison,  Stilhvater.  JOHN  S.  PROCTOB,  Warden.  Number  of  convicts,  November  30, 
1866,  35  ;  received  during  the  year,  36;  total  number  confined,  71.  There  have  been  discharged 
— on  expiration  of  sentence,  5  ;  pardoned,  20 ;  died,  1 ;  remaining  Nov.  30, 1867,  45.  Term  of 
sentence  of  those  received  during  the  year — from  1  to  2  years,  16 ;  2  to  3  years,  10 ;  3  to  4  years, 
5  ;  4  to  10  years,  4 ;  pleasure  of  Legislature,  1 ;  total,  36.  Age — under  20,  6  ;  between  20  and  30, 
19 ;  30  and  40,  4 ;  40  and  50,  7.  Nativity— United  States,  24  ;  foreign  countries,  12.  Crimes- 
larceny,  17  ;  desertion  from  army,  4 ;  theft,  3  ;  burglary,  2;  forgery,  2  ;  miscellaneous,  8.  Whole 
number  of  convicts  confined  since  the  organization  of  the  State — white  males,  130 ;  colored 
males,  3 ;  total,  133. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  this  State  was  in  1850,  6,077;  in  1860,  172,413,  an  in 
crease  in  10  years  of  more  than  2,760  per  cent. ;  in  1865,  the  population  was 
250,000.  The  immigration  in  1867  was  50,000,  and  the  whole  population 
was  then  estimated  at  400,000.  The  Legislature,  in  1867,  appropriated  $20,- 
000  to  promote  immigration,  and  created  a  Board  of  Immigration  Commis 
sioners,  consisting  of  the  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  and  one  member  ap 
pointed. 


1869.]  MISSISSIPPI.  387 

The  situation  of  this  State  near  the  center  of  the  continent,  and  upon  the 
summit  of  the  plateau  which  embraces  the  head  waters  of  the  three  great 
river  systems  of  North  America,  gives  it  special  advantages.  The  total  area 
of  the  State  is  51,479,242  acres,  of  which  32,000,000  acres  are  arable  land. 
Agriculture  is  the  prominent  interest  and  wheat  the  staple  production,  but 
the  hardier  grains,  potatoes,  hay,  honey,  and  maple  sugar,  are  becoming  im 
portant.  The  lumber  business  is  constantly  increasing.  Copper,  lead,  iron, 
gold  and  silver  have  been  discovered  in  some  parts  of  the  State,  but  the 
mines  have  not  been  sufficiently  developed  to  give  any  proper  estimate  of 
their  value. 

In  the  northern  part  of  the  State  is  an  immense  forest  region,  esti 
mated  to  cover  upwards  of  21,000  square  miles,  constituting  one  of  the  great 
sources  of  wealth  and  industry  of  the  State.  West  of  the  Mississippi,  lying 
between  it  and  the  Minnesota,  and  extending  south  of  that  stream,  is  the 
"Big  Woods,''  about  100  miles  in  length  and  40  miles  wide.  This  district  is 
full  of  lakes,  and  broken  by  small  openings.  The  prevailing  woods  are  oak, 
maple,  elm,  ash,  basswood,  butternut,  black  walnut,  and  hickory. 

Products.  In  1854,  the  number  of  plowed  acres  in  the  State  was  only  15,000  ;  in  1860,  there 
were  433,276  ;  in  1866,  1,000,000,  and  in  1867,  over  1,200,000;  in  1865,  upwards  of  8,000,000  bush 
els  of  wheat  were  exported,  in  1866  over  10,000,000  bushels,  and  in  1867  the  aggregate  yield  was 
as  great. 

In  1861,  the  exports  of  lumber  from  this  State  were  about  30,000,000  feet.  This  trade  is  con 
stantly  increasing;  in  1865  upwards  of  83,000,000  feet  were  manufactured  at  St.  Anthony  and  St. 
Croix  Falls,  besides  15,500,000  shingles,  and  16,500,000  laths.  The  products  of  111,000,000  logs, 
of  an  aggregate  value  of  $1,662,810  were  exported.  In  1866,  the  amount  of  logs  and  lumber 
cut  and  manufactured  was  about  175,000,000  feet ;  in  1867,  about  276,000,000  feet. 

The  steamboat  business  of  Minnesota  is  as  yet  confined  to  the  Mississippi,  the  Minnesota 
and  the  St.  Croix  rivers.  On  the  Mississippi,  the  business  is  principally  done  by  the  "North 
Western  Union  Packet  Company,1'  which  in  1868  owned  11  first  class  packets,  19  stern  wheel 
steamers,  together  with  131  barges,  and  employed  over  2,000  men.  The  capital  stock  of  this 
company  is  $1,500,000.  Their  boats  ply  between  Dubuque  and  St.  Paul,  and  La  Crosse  and  St. 
Paul.  The  Northern  Line  boats  ply  between  St.  Louis  and  St.  Paul,  and  consist  of  9  first  class 
side-wheel  packets,  8  stern-wheel  steamers,  and  60  barges— a  boat  leaving  St.  Louis  and  St. 
Paul  daily.  The  aggregate  tonnage  at  St.  Paul,  for  1867,  was  13,308.22  tons. 

Minnesota  possesses  ample  and  effective  water  power.  The  falls  and  rapids  of  St.  Anthony 
alone,  with  a  total  descent  of  64  feet,  afford  an  available  hydraulic  capacity,  according  to  an  ex 
perienced  and  competent  engineer,  of  120,000  horse  power.  There  are  now  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony,  13  grist  mills,  14  saw  mills,  2  woolen  mills,  2  paper  mills,  1  oil  mill.  These  with 
minor  establishments  there,  produced  in  1867,  $4,669,358  worth  of  manufactured  articles.  There 
were  in  the  State  511  manufacturing  establishments  in  1860,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $2,500,- 
000,  producing  annually  $4.500,000  worth  of  manufactures.  The  number  of  establishments  in 
186S,  is  estimated  at  2,000,  with  a  capital  of  $10,000,000. 


19.    MISSISSIPPI. 

Capital,  Jackson.    Area,  47,156  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  791,305. 

Mississippi  was  settled  by  the  Spaniards  about  the  year  1540,  and  at 
Natchez  by  the  French  in  1716.  It  was  organized  as  a  territory,  April  7, 
1789,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  December  10,  1817.  An  ordi 
nance  of  secession  was  adopted  by  a  State  convention,  January  9,  1861,  and 
declared  null  and  void  by  another  convention,  on  the  22d  of  August,  1865. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  2,  1867,  this  State  with  Arkansas,  was 


388  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

placed  in  the  4th  Military  District,  under  the  command  of  Major  General 
Ord,  by  whom  an  election  was  ordered  on  the  first  Monday  of  November.  At 
this  election,  a  majority  voted  for  a  convention,  which  assembled  at  Jackson, 
January  7,  1868,  and  adopted  a  new  constitution,  May  15,  which  was  sub 
mitted  to  the  people  June  22,  but  rejected  by  a  majority  of  7,629.  The  State 
has  not  been  admitted  to  representation  in  Congress. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  SALARY. 

Governor B.  B.  EGGLESTON $3,000 

Lieutenant  Governor A.  J.  JAMIESON 

Secretary  of  State R.  J.  ALCON 

Treasurer D.  McA.  WILLIAMS 

Auditor WILLIAM  A.  MORGAN 

Attorney  General J.  S.  MORRIS 

School  Superintendent CHARLES  W.  CLARKE 

Under  the  former  constitution  the  Senate  was  composed  of  32  members 
elected  for  four  years,  and  the  House  of  Representatives  of  92  members 
elected  for  two  years ;  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature  were  biennial. 

The  constitution  adopted  by  the  convention  May  15,  1868,  provides  that 
all  male  inhabitants  of  this  State,  except  idiots,  and  insane  persons,  and  In 
dians  not  taxed,  citizens  of  the  United  States  or  naturalized,  twenty-one 
years  old  and  upwards,  who  have  resided  in  the  State  six  months,  and  in  the 
county  one  month  next  preceding  the  day  of  election  at  which  said  inhabit 
ant  offers  to  vote,  and  who  are  duly  registered,  and  who  are  not  disqualified 
by  reason  of  any  crime,  are  qualified  electors. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  High  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and 
two  Associate  Justices.  It  has  appellate  jurisdiction  only. 

The  Circuit  Courts  have  original  iurisdiction  in  actions  and  suits  when 
the  principal  involved  exceeds  $250. 

Chancery  Courts  are  held  in  each  judicial  district  of  the  State,  by  the 
Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  such  district,  at  the  same  time  and  place 
appointed  for  holding  the  Circuit  Court  of  each  county.  And  at  least  one 
week  of  every  term  is  given  to  the  chancery  side  of  the  docket.  This  court 
has  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  of  equity,  provided  the  matter  or  thing  in 
controversy  shall  exceed  $250. 

By  an  act  of  November  24,  1865,  the  county  court  was  established,  with 
inferior  criminal  and  civil  jurisdiction  to  the  Circuit  Courts. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Noah  H.  Swayne.  District  Judge— Northern  and  Soutfarn  Districts,  Robert 
A.  Hill.  District  Attorney— Northern  District,  James  E.  Stewart ;  Southern  District,  R.  Leach- 
man.  Marshals— Northern  District,  John  Blevins ;  Southern  District,  R.  H.  Winter. 

HIGH  COURT  OF  ERRORS  AND  APPEALS. 

Chief  Justice,  A.  H.  Handy,  Canton. 

Associate  Justices,  H.  T.  Ellet,  Port  Gibson  ;  W.  L.  Harris,  Columbus.  Clerk,  S.  Livingston. 
Reporter,  R.  O.  Reynolds. 


1869.]  MISSISSIPPI.  389 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

1st  District,  Judge,  James  M.  Smiley ;  Attorney,  M.  V.  B.  Huff.  2tf  District,  Judge,  John  E. 
McNair ;  Attorney,  R.  P.  Willing.  3d  District,  Judge,  J.  S.  Yerger ;  Attorney,  H.  V.  Booth.  4th 
District,  Judge,  John  Watts  ;  Attorney,  A.  Y.  Harper.  5th  District,  Judge,  J.  A.  P.  Campbell ; 
Attorney,  S.  S.  Calhoun.  Gtk  District,  Judge,  H.  W.  Foote  ;  Attorney,  T.  H.  Woods.  1th  Dis 
trict,  Judge,  A.  M.  Clayton  ;  Attorney,  G.  E.  Harris.  Sf/i  District,  Judge,  William  M.  Hancock ; 
Attorney,  C.  A.  Smith.  9th  District,  Judge,  W.  D.  Bradford;  Attorney,  J.A.Blair.  Wth  District, 
Judge,  Win.  Cothran ;  Attorney,  W.  R.  Barksdale. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

An  act  of  the  Legislature  passed  at  the  called  session,  February  1867,  provides  for  the  holding 
of  the  High  Court  of  Errors  in  four  districts,  the  head-quarters  of  the  1st  District  being  at  Jack 
son,  the  2d  at  Oxford,  the  3d  at  Macon,  the  4th  at  Mississippi  City.  The  Circuit  Courts  are  held 
semi-aunually  in  each  county. 

FINANCES. 

We  have  been  able  to  obtain  no  reliable  statement  for  1867  or  1868. 
Receipts  for  1866,                                                       ....    $569,045 
Disbursements  for  the  same  time, 507,086 


Balance  in  Treasury  Jan.  1, 1867, $61,932 

EDUCATION. 

According  to  the  census  of  1860,  there  were  in  Mississippi  13  colleges, 
having  856  students;  1,116  public  schools,  having  30,970  pupils,  $385,679 
income,  $107,947  of  which  was  from  public  funds,  $29,689  from  taxation, 
and  $21,205  from  endowments;  169  academies  and  other  schools,  having 
7,974  pupils,  $313,522  income,  $44,211  of  which  was  public  funds,  and  $37,- 
875  was  endowments. 

Most  of  these  institutions  were  closed  during  the  war,  and  a  portion  of 
the  buildings  and  other  property  was  destroyed.  A  few  have  been  reorga 
nized,  but  the  unsettled  condition  of  the  State  and  the  lack  of  educational 
funds  have  prevented  the  adoption  of  an  efficient  school  system.  The  Uni 
versity  of  Mississippi  has  had  about  200  students  in  attendance. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

Previous  to  the  war,  an  Asylum  for  the  Blind,  one  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
and  an  Insane  Hospital,  were  in  operation  at  Jackson. 

The  Mississippi  State  Penitentiary  was  turned  over  to  the  United  States 
Government,  January  17,  1868,  by  special  command  of  the  executive  of  the 
State,  and  was  placed  in  charge  of  First  Lieutenant  John  R.  Hynes  of  the 
24th  U.  S.  Infantry,  as  Superintendent.  The  number  of  prisoners,  Septem 
ber  25,  1868,  was  356,  the  annual  expense  $20,500.  The  income  from  labor, 
exclusive  of  that  employed  on  the  prison,  or  by  the  government,  is  not  more 
than  $1,000.  The  prison  was  in  a  dilapidated  condition  when  turned  over 
to  the  United  States  Government.  It  had  been  leased  out,  but  for  some 
causes  it  became  necessary  to  apply  to  the  U.  S.  Government  for  relief. 

Mississippi  State  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  Jackson.  WILLIAM 
MERRILL,  A.  M.,  Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  during  1865-6,  24;  average  number,  20; 
current  expenses,  $8,000. 


390  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  the  State  at  different  periods  was  as  follows : 

Whites.  Free  Colored.  glares.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1800 5,179 182 3,489 8,850 

1810 23,024 240 17,088 40,352 355.95 

1820 42,176 458 32,814 75,448 86.97 

1S30 70,443 519 65,659 136,621 81.08 

1840 179,074 1,366 195,211 375,651 174.96 

1850 295,718 930 309,878 606,526  61.46 

1860 353,901 773 436,631 791,305 30.47 

Only  about  one  third  of  the  area  of  the  State  was  under  cultivation  in 
1860.  The  great  staple  was  cotton,  in  the  production  of  which  Mississippi 
ranks  third.  Since  the  close  of  the  war  its  culture  has  been  increased,  but 
a  larger  proportion  of  the  cultivated  land  than  formerly,  is  employed  in  the 
production  of  wheat  and  com. 

Products.  The  principal  products  in  1866  were— corn,  11,913,650  bushels,  value  $18,704,430 ; 
wheat,  258,687  bushels,  value  $654,478 ;  rye,  23,684  bushels,  value  $48,078 ;  oats,  101,768  bushels, 
value  $110,927 ;  potatoes,  385,318  bushels,  value  $246,604 ;  tobacco,  165,507  Ibs.,  value  $49,652 ; 
hay,  29,611  tons,  value  $814,302. 


20.   MISSOURI. 

Capital,  Jefferson  City.  Area,  65,350  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  1,182,012. 
Missouri  was  settled  at  St.  Genevieve  in  1763  by  the  French.  It  was  part 
of  the  territory  ceded  by  France,  by  the  treaty  of  April  30,  1803,  was  organ 
ized  into  a  separate  territory,  June  4,  1812,  and  admitted  into  the  union  as 
a  State,  Dec.  14,  1821.  A  new  Constitution  was  adopted  by  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention,  April  8,  1865,  and  ratified  by  the  vote  of  the  people  on 
the  6th  of  June ;  it  went  into  effect  July  4,  1865. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  SALARY 

Governor Jos.  W.  MCCLURG $5,000 

Lieutenant  Governor '. EDWIN  O.  STANNARD 

Secretary  of  State JOHN  RODMAN 2,500 

^Treasurer W.  Q.  DOLLMEYER 3,000 

Auditor DANIEL  DRAPER 3,000 

Register  of  Lands Jos.  H.  McGEE 3,000 

Attorney  General HORACE  B.  JOHNSON 3,000 

Supt.  of  Public  Schools T.  A.  PARKER 3,000 

The  above  officers  are  chosen  at  the  general  election  on  the  first  Tuesday 
after  the  first  Monday  in  November,  every  two  years,  1868, 1870,  &c.,  and  hold 
office  for  two  years. 

The  Senators,  34  in  number,  are  chosen  from  as  many  districts,  for  four 
years,  one-half  biennially ;  the  Representatives,  200  in  number,  are  chosen 
for  two  years,  all  at  the  same  time  as  State  officers.  The  compensation  of 
Senators  and  Representatives  is  $5  per  day,  and  $5  for  every  25  miles  of  travel. 
The  Lieutenant  Governor,  the  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate  and  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  receive  each  $7  per  day.  The  General  Assembly  meets 
once  in  two  years,  on  the  last  Monday  in  December. 


1869.]  MISSOURI.  391 

White  male  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  white  male  persons  of  for 
eign  birth,  who  may  have  declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  according  to  law,  not  less  than  one  year  nor  more  than  five 
years  before  they  offer  to  vote,  who  have  resided  one  year  in  the  State,  and 
sixty  days  in  the  county,  city  or  town,  are  entitled  to  vote.  After  1876,  new 
voters  must  be  able  to  read  and  write  unless  disabled  therefrom  by  physical 
disability. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judiciary  consists  of  a  Supreme  Court,  Circuit  Courts,  and  District 
Courts.  The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  three  Judges,  the  Circuit  Courts  of 
one  Judge  for  each  of  the  20  circuits.  There  are  six  Districts,  in  each  of 
which  is  a  District  Court,  held  by  the  Judges  of  the  Circuit  Courts  embraced 
in  the  District. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  H.  Miller.     Clerk,  Benjamin  F.  Hickman. 

District  Judges,  Samuel  Treat ;  A  Krekel.  District  Attorney,  C.  G.  Mauro.  Clerks,  Benjamin 
F.  Hickman ;  Adams  Peabody.  Marshal,  J.  B.  Eogers. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Judges.    David  Wagner,  Lewis   C.   Philemon  Bliss  and  Warren  Currier,  St.  Louis. 
Clerks.    O  F.  Fishback,  St.  Louis;  Wm.  M.  Albin,  St.  Joseph;   N.  C.  Burch,  Jefferson  City. 
Marshal,  Wm.  S.  Voois,  St.  Louis.    Salaries  of  Judges,  $3,000  each. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

United  States  Circuit  Court.    First  Monday  in  April  and  October,  at  St.  Louis. 

United  States  District  Court.  Third  Mondays  in  February,  May  and  November ;  for  Eastern 
District  at  St.  Louis,  Western  District  at  Jefferson  City. 

Supreme  Court.  At  Jefferson  City,  second  Monday  in  January  and  first  Monday  in  July ;  at 
St.  Louis,  third  Monday  in  March  and  October ;  at  St.  Joseph,  third  Monday  in  February  and 
August. 

District  Courts.  1st  District  at  Jefferson  City,  1st  Monday  in  June,  and  December.  2d  Dis 
trict  at  Cape  Girardeau,  2d  Monday  in  February  and  July.  3d  District  at  Springfield,  3d  Monday  in 
June  and  December.  4th  District  at  Macon  City,  3d  Monday  in  January  and  July.  5th  District 
at  St.  Joseph,  4th  Monday  in  June  and  December.  6th  District  at  St.  Charles,  2d  Monday  in 
January  and  July.  The  terms  of  the  Circuit  Courts  were  altered  by  the  Legislature  in  1868. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  treasury,  Oct.  1,  1867,  $3,148,497.01 

Receipts  from  all  sources  to  December  31,  1868,  15  months,    -      9,443,001.51 

Total $12,591,498.52 

Disbursements, 11,852,951.00 


Balance,  December  31,  1868, $738,547.52 

The  total  annual  interest  for  which  the  State  must  provide  is  $1,095,050, 
payable  semi-annually. 
The  expenditures  for  the  two  fiscal  years  of  1866  and  1867,  were  as  follows  : 

Amount.          •       Average  per  year. 

For  the  executive  and  administrative  departments $07,888.04 $48,944.02 

For  the  legislative  department 531,276.27 265,6:38.13 

For  the  judiciary  department 5^3.422.80 251,711.40 

For  public  charities 157,997.65 78,998.82 

For  other  purposes 426,899.48 213,449.74 

The  whole  expenses  of  the  Legislative,  Judicial  and  Executive  Departments,  can  be  met  by 
the  levy  of  a  two  mill  tax. 


392                              THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  total  bonded  debt  of  the  State,  December  31,  1868,  was 

The  State  debt  proper,  -  -     $453,000 

Internal  improvement  debt,       -         -         -         -        -         -         -  21,153,000 

War  debt, -  48,000 


Total, -     $21,654,000 

EDUCATION. 

Provision  is  made  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State  for  the  main 
tenance  of  a  State  University,  and  a  Free  Public  School  system 

The  University,  chartered  in  1838-9,  went  into  full  operation  on  the  4th 
of  July,  1843.  The  annual  income  of  the  proceeds  of  the  "  Seminary  lands," 
was  set  aside  for  its  support,  and  the  legislature,  in  1867,  made  further  pro 
vision  by  appropriating  a  portion  of  the  public  school  fund. 

The  only  department  of  the  University  in  operation  previous  to  1867,  was 
the  College  of  Science  and  Letters.  Two  additional  Colleges  were  estab 
lished  that  year,  one  of  Normal  instruction,  the  other  of  Law.  The  College 
of  Normal  Instruction  was  opened  Sept,  16,  1867.  By  the  State  Constitu 
tion,  the  Legislature  is  required  to  establish  and  maintain  an  Agricultural 
Department  in  the  University. 

The  Normal  College,  under  Prof.  E.  L.  Ripley,  has  opened  favorably,  and 
promises  to  be  a  great  benefit  to  the  teachers  of  Central  Missouri. 

The  corner  stone  of  the  Missouri  Normal  University  at  Marionville,  Law 
rence  Co.,  was  laid  on  July  4,  1868 ;  the  building  belongs  to  the  Lawrence 
County  Teacher's  Institute.  A  private  Normal  School  is  in  operation  at 
Kirksville. 

The  State  Superintendent  exercises  a  general  supervision  over  the  public 
schools,  and  the  educational  funds. 

Each  and  every  Congressional  township  composes  but  one  school  district, 
and  is  confided  to  the  management  and  control  of  a  Board  of  Education ; 
smaller  divisions  are  to  be  regarded  as  sub-districts,  and  to  be  confided  to  the 
management  and  control  of  local  directors.  A  school  director  is  appointed 
in  each  sub-district.  The  several  school  directors  of  the  sub-districts  of  a 
Township  constitute  the  Board  of  Education,  which  has  power  to  change 
and  alter  sub-districts,  establish  central  or  high  schools,  hire  or  dismiss 
teachers  and  classify  the  children  of  the  township. 

A  County  Superintendent  is  elected  in  each  county  every  two  years.  The 
General  Assembly  in  1 867  nearly  doubled  the  capital  of  the  Public  School  Fund. 
The  city  of  St.  Louis  has  an  excellent  system  of  Public  Schools,  including  a 
Normal  School,  a  High  School,  31  District  Schools  and  3  colored  schools. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  children  in  State  between  five  and  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
476,192;  number  in  public  schools,  169,270;  number  of  public  schools,  4,840;  whole  number  of 
teachers— males,  2,982;  females,  3,280  ;  total,  6,262;  number  of  schools— primary  and  interme 
diate,  4,534 ;  high,  99  ;  total,  4,633 ;  average  number  months  taught,  4£;  average  attendance  per 
month,  42  1-5 ;  whole  number  of  school  houses — brick,  176;  stone,  74;  frame,  1,557;  log,  2.173; 
total,  3,980;  total  value  of  school  houses  in  the  State,  $1,480,729;  amount  of  township  fund, 
$978,073;  State  school  fund,  $1,687,074;  levied  for  school  purposes,  $870,650;  amount  paid  for 


1869.]  MISSOURI.  393 

teachers'  wages,  $641,974  •  amount  received  from  the  State,  $17,287 ;  amount  received  from 
township,  $119,610 ;  from  fines  and  penalties,  $37,758;  amount  raised  for  building  and  repairing 
school  houses,  $157,017;  total,  $331,672.  Whole  amount  paid  for  teachers' wages,  $641,974  ; 
for  fuel  and  contingencies,  $72,694 ;  for  purchasing  grounds,  $18,598 ;  for  building  and  repairing 
school  houses,  $310,737 ;  for  rent  of  rooms,  $8,804 ;  for  furniture  and  apparatus.  $21,334  ;  total, 
$1,074.141.  Number  volumes  in  school  libraries,  15,644;  value  school  furniture,  $5,644;  value 
school  apparatus,  $4,791 :  amount  of  money  unexpended,  $49,044 ;  of  indebtedness,  $123,712. 

St.  Louis.  Census  for  Nov.  1866,  204,000  ;  number  between  5  and  21  years  of  age  (drawing 
State  money),  66,880 ;  estimated  number  between  6  and  16  years  of  age,  40,800 ;  number  of 
school  houses — owned  by  the  Board,  all  brick,  27  ;  rented,  8;  total,  35;  heated  with  stoves,  24; 
with  furnaces,  11  ;  number  of  school-rooms,  266;  estimated  value  of  school  sites,  $264,183.28; 
of  buildings  and  furniture,  $419,941.64  ;  total  value  of  property  used  for  school  purposes,  $684,- 
124.92.  Average  number  of  teachers,  (including  music  teachers) — males,  21 ;  females,  208 ;  total, 
229;  principals,  34;  assistants,  195;  music  teachers,  2;  drawing  teacher,  1.  Number  in  the 
Normal  School,  3 ;  in  the  High  School,  9 ;  in  the  District  Schools,  208;  in  colored  schools,  7. 
Number  of  pupils  enrolled— boys,  7,846  ;  girls,  7,445 ;  total,  15,291.  Normal  School— girls,  65  ; 
High  School— boys,  116 ;  girls,  165 ;  total,  281.  District  Schools— boys,  7,061 ;  girls.  7,193 ;  total, 
14,851.  Colored  Schools— boys,  185;  girls,  252;  total,  437.  Average  number  belonging,  10,754; 
average  daily  attendance,  10,029 ;  per  cent,  of  attendance,  94 ;  amount  of  teachers'  salaries, 
$159,668.80 ;  rate  per  scholar  on  average  number  belonging,  $14.85 ;  incidental  expenses,  includ 
ing  Janitor's  salaries,  books,  stationery,  etc.,  $21,408.51 ;  cost  of  incidentals  per  scholar,  $1.99 ; 
total  cost  of  teachers'  salaries  and  incidentals,  $181,077.31 ;  total  cost  per  scholar  on  average 
number  belonging,  $16.84. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Institution  for  the  education  of  the  Blind  at  St.  Louis,  was  establish 
ed  in  1851.  It  has  been  supported  partly  by  the  State,  and  partly  by  private 
contributions. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Fulton,  was  not  completed  until 
1834,  though  the  buildings  were  opened  in  1851.  The  Asylum  for  the  In 
sane  at  Fulton,  Avas  suspended  in  1861,  in  consequence  of  the  rebellion;  it 
was  re-opened  in  1803.  The  legislature  has  fixed  an  annual  appropriation 
for  its  support,  and  the  number  of  patients  has  largely  increased. 

In  the  State  Penitentiary  a  change  has  been  made  in  the  system  of  hiring 
out  the  labor  of  convicts,  by  which  contracts  are  made  with  different  indi 
viduals  in  different  branches,  and  the  receipts  will  be  largely  increased.  The 
general  condition  of  the  prison  is  reported  good. 

Missouri  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  St.  Louis.  H.  R.  FOSTER, 
Superintendent.  Number  of  pupils  under  instruction  from  Nov.  1, 1866,  to  Nov.  1, 1867,  76 ;  of 
former  pupils,  55  ;  of  admissions,  21 ;  discharged,  25  ;  present,  Nov.  1, 1867,  51.  Of  the  26  dis 
charged,  6  were  retained  in  the  institution  as  teachers,  11  follow  the  trade  of  broom  making,  2 
removed  from  the  State,  and  6  withdrawn  for  various  reasons.  8  were  employed  exclusively  in 
the  mechanical  department ;  2  received  musical  instruction  only,  and  66  instruction  in  two  Or 
three  departments.  190  doz.  brooms  manufactured.  Amount  of  sales,  $524.65.  No  death  or 
protracted  illness  during  the  year.  Number  of  inmates  Sept.  21, 1868,  70.  State  appropriation, 
$10,000.  Expenses  for  year  ending  Nov.  1867,  $14,600. 

Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Fulton.  C.  H.  HUGHES,  Superintendent.  Number  remaining 
at  last  report,  265  ;  admitted  since— males,  96 ;  females.  68;  total  admitted,  164  ;  total  number 
of  patients,  429.  Recovered,  41 ;  improved,  10 ;  stationary,  14  ;  died,  31 ;  total  discharged,  96 ; 
remaining,  Nov.  26,  1867,  333.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity  of  those  admitted  since  last  report, 
hereditary,  19  ;  epilepsy,  7  ;  injuries  to  the  head,  5 ;  intemperance,  5  ;  ill  health,  12  ;  masturba 
tion,  13  ;  puerperal,  5  ;  pecuniary  embarassment,  7  ;  miscellaneous  and  unknown.  85.  Occupa 
tion  of  males,  farmers,  46  ;  laborers,  13 ;  physicians;  3 ;  carpenters,  2 ;  tailors,  2 ;  miscellaneous, 
21 ;  females,  housewives,  38 ;  domestics,  13  ;  domestic  pursuits,  12 ;  miscellaneous,  8.  Civil 
condition,  married,  62 ;  single,  59 ;  widows,  7 ;  widowers,  4 ;  unascertained,  26.  Ages  of  those 
admitted,  under  20  years,  15  ;  from  20  to  30,  48 ;  from  30  to  40,  49 ;  from  40  to  50,  26 ;  from  50  to 


394  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AXD  REGISTER.  [1869. 

60,12;  from  60  to  70,  6 ;  from  70  to  80,  2.  Nativity,  Americans,  90;  Irish,  20;  Germans,  25; 
unknown,  13.  Number  of  patients  Oct.  1SG8,  359.  Income  from  State,  $10,000 ;  counties,  $34,- 
712.70;  individuals,  $12,001.93  ;  articles  sold,  $381.10;  total,  $55,720.75. 

State  Penitentiary,  Jefferson  City.  HORACE  A.  SWIFT,  Warden.  Number  of  convicts 
Dec.  5,  1SG4,  384;  received  from  Dec.  5, 1864,  to  Dec.  2,  1806,  1,005  ;  total,  1,389;  discharged  by 
expiration  of  sentence,  112 ;  pardoned,  031 ;  released— on  requisitions,  4;  on  writs  of  habeas 
corpus,  3  ;  to  Insane  asylum,  4 ;  escaped,  21 ;  died,  8 ;  remaining  in  prison  Dec.  2,  1866,  597,  of 
whom  there  were  from  15  to  20  years,  119  ;  from  20  to  25,  193  ;  from  25  to  30,  137  ;  from  30  to  40, 
90 ;  from  40  to  50,  40  :  from  50  to  60,  11 ;  from  GO  to  70,  2  ;  unknown,  5  ;  7  were  sentenced  1  year, 
2(58  for  2  years,  116  for  three  years,  97  from  3  to  5  years,  76  from  5  to  10  years,  15  from  10  to  15 
years,  7  from  15  to  30  years,  2  for  99  years,  for  life,  9.  The  crimes  of  convicts  in  prison  Dec.  2, 
1S66,  were— assault  to  kill,  18 ;  burglary,  10 ;  burglary  and  larceny,  33 ;  counterfeiting  treasury 
Kotes,  26;  grand  larceny,  383 ;  murder,  21 ;  military  offences,  32;  robbery,  23;  miscellaneous, 
51.  Nativity  of  the  convicts,  Canadians,  9  ;  English,  16  ;  French,  6;  Germans,  41;  Irish,  88; 
Scotch,  6  ;  Americans,  408  ;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  20.  89  were  illiterate,  73  could  only 
read,  426  could  read  and  write,  9  were  versed  in  foreign  languages  ;  447  were  unmarried,  123  were 
married,  27  unknown.  The  early  training  was— good,  226 ;  bad,  128 ;  indifferent,  145  ;  slave, 
71 ;  unknown,  27  ;  had  parents— living,  209  ;  dead,  363  ;  unknown,  25. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  Missouri,  at  different  periods,  as  given  by  the  United 
States  census  was  as  follows: 

White.  Free  Colored.  Slave.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1810 17,227 607 3,011 20,845 

1820 55,988 347 10,222 66,557 219.43 

1830 '...    114,795 569 25,091 140,455 110.94 

1840  323,888 1,574 58,240 383,702 173.18 

1S50 592,004 2,618 87,422...   682,044 77.75 

I860 1,003,509 3,572 114,931 1,182,012 73.30 

The  population  in  1867  was  estimated  at  1,500,000. 

The  soil  of  Missouri  is  remarkable  for  its  variety  and  excellence.  Its  agri 
cultural  capacities  are  attracting  increased  attention.  In  1860,  returns  ex 
hibited  an  advance  of  from  fifty  to  five  hundred  per  cent,  over  the  aggregate 
of  1850,  in  the  production  of  live  stock,  cereals,  tobacco,  rice,  hay,  peas, 
beans,  potatoes,  fruits,  wines,  butter,  cheese,  molasses  of  all  kinds,  honey 
and  wax,  wool,  slaughtered  animals,  and  of  the  orchard  and  garden  pro 
ducts.  The  great  staple  is  Indian  corn,  to  the  production  of  which,  the  rich 
prairies  and  hot  summers  of  Missouri  are  particularly  adapted.  More  hemp 
is  produced  in  this  State  than  in  any  other  except  Kentucky.  Cotton  is  pro 
duced  in  the  Southern  portion  of  the  State.  Fruits  reach  a  rare  size  and 
delicacy  of  flavor.  Trees  and  vines  grow  rapidly  and  bear  largely. 

Portions  of  the  State  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  vine. 
The  net  profits  of  2%  acres  planted  in  1861,  amounted  in  1865  to  $19,678.80, 
or  $5,935.76  per  acre  profit  in  five  years. 

Missouri  is  rich  in  mineral  wealth.  The  iron  region  around  Iron  Mountain 
and  Pilot  Knob  is  unsurpassed  in  the  world  for  the  abundance  and  purity 
of  deposits.  Copper  is  found  extensively  deposited,  being  most  abundant 
near  the  La  Motto  mines.  It  is  also  found  with  nickel,  manganese,  iron, 
cobalt,  and  lead,  in  combinations  yielding  from  thirty  to  forty  per  cent.  All 
of  these  metals,  except  nickel,  exist  in  considerable  quantities;  also  silver, 
in  combination  with  lead  ore  and  tin.  Limestone,  marble  and  other  build 
ing  materials  are  abundant,  especially  north  of  the  Missouri.  Coal  under- 


1869.]  NEBRASKA.  395 

lies  a  large  portion  of  Missouri,  having  already  been  discovered  in  30  counties. 
The  whole  State  is  supposed  to  contain  more  than  100,000,000,000  tons. 

The  position  of  Missouri,  at  the  central  point  of  the  Mississippi  river  sys 
tem,  is  admirable  for  the  control  of  the  commerce  of  the  vast  interior  basin 
of  the  continent.  To  superior  water  communication  there  has  been  added 
an  expansive  system  of  railroad  improvement. 

The  manufacturing  establishments,  in  1860,  were  3,157,  with  a  capital  of  .$20,034,220,  employ 
ing  a  large  laboring  force.  The  expense  of  production,  including  raw  material  and  labor,  was 
$30,519,657,  the  value  of  the  products  being  $41,781,651,  giving  a  profit  of  $11,261,994,  or  fifty-five 
per  cent,  on  the  capital.  The  receipts  of  grain,  including  flour,  at  St.  Louis  were  18,680,500 
bushels.  The  mills  of  the  city  manufactured  820,000  barrels  of  flour. 

In  the  district  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  1st  of  January,  1867,  the  amount  of  tonnage,  exclusive  of 
a  large  number  of  barges  and  canal  boats  which  made  occasional  trips,  was  106,600  tons,  with  a 
carrying  capacity  of  186,000  tons,  and  a  value  of  $10,376,000.  There  are  in  St.  Louis  in  addition 
to  20  private  banks,  38  Insurance  Companies,  31  incorporated  banking  institutions,  with  an 
actual  capital  of  $15,000,000. 

In  1867,  there  were  produced  in  the  State,  20,244,028  bushels  of  corn,  and  2,085,301  bushels 
of  wheat. 


21.    NEBRASKA. 

Capital,  Omaha.    Area,  75,995  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  28,842. 

Nebraska  came  into  the  possession  of  the  United  States  in  1803  as  part  of 
the  Louisiana  purchase.  It  was  settled  by  emigrants  from  the  Northern  and 
Western  States,  and  was  organized  as  a  Territory  in  May,  1854.  An  enabling 
act  was  passed  by  Congress,  March  21,  1804.  A  constitution  was  formed  by 
the  State  Convention,  which  was  ratified  by  the  people,  June  8,  1866.  In 
January,  1867,  an  act  of  admission  as  a  State,  conditioned  that  there  should 
be  no  denial  of  the  elective  franchise,  or  of  any  other  right  to  any  person  by 
reason  of  race  or  color,  excepting  Indians  not  taxed,  passed  both  houses  of 
Congress,  but  was  vetoed  by  the  President.  The  act  was  passed  over  the 
veto  on  the  8th  and  9th  of  February. 

The  Legislature  assembled,  according  to  the  conditions,  and  on  the  1st  of 
March,  Nebraska  was  declared  a  state  of  the  Union,  by  proclamation  of  the 
President.  At  a  session  of  the  Legislature,  in  1867,  provision  was  made  for 
locating  the  seat  of  government,  and  for  the  erection  of  public  buildings. 
The  place  selected  for  this  purpose  by  the  Commissioners  is  to  be  called 
Lincoln. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor DAVID  BUTLER Lincoln $2,500 

Secretly  of  State THOMAS  P.  KENNARD Lincoln 2,000 

Treasurer JAMES  SWEET Nebraska  City 

Auditor JOHN  GILLESPIE Omaha 

Attorney  Gemral C.  S.  CHASE Omaha 

Adjutant  General C.  H.  GERE Lincoln 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State  and  Treasurer,  are 
elected  by  the  legal  voters  for  two  years,  and  the  Auditor  for  four  years ;  the 
election,  which  is  biennial,  is  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  October.  The  Sena 
tors,  13  in  number,  and  the  Representatives,  39  in  number,  are  chosen  at  the 


396  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

same  time,  for  two  years.  Members  of  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly 
receive  $3.00  per  day  for  the  session  not  exceeding  forty  days,  and  ten  cents 
per  mile  travel. 

Male  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  persons  of  foreign  birth  who  have 
declared  their  intention  to  become  citizens,  21  years  of  age  or  upwards,  who 
have  resided  in  the  state  the  time  required  by  law,  are  entitled  to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  Nebraska  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices,  elected  by  the  people, 
who  hold  their  offices  during  the  period  of  six  years.  One  term  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  must  be  held  annually  at  Omaha,  the  seat  of  government.  For 
District  Court  purposes,  the  state  is  divided  into  three  judicial  districts,  in 
each  of  which  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  holds  the  sessions. 
The  Supreme  and  District  Courts  respectively  possess  chancery  as  well  as 
common  law  jurisdiction. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 
Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  H.  Miller.  District  Attorney.  S.  A.  Strickland.  Marshal,  Casper  E.  Yost. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Judges,  O.  P.  Mason,  George  B.  Lake,  L.  Crounse. 

Attorneys,  elected  Oct.  13, 1868.    1st  Attorney,  O.  B.  Herrett ;  2d  Attorney,  J.  C.  Corwin ;  M.  At- 
/,  E.  F.  Gray. 


FINANCES. 

On  hand  December  1,  1866,                                   .                 -        -       $9,113.64 
Receipts  to  April  30,  1867, 1,632.82 


Total,       - $10,746.18 

Warrants,  &c.,  paid, 10,833.78 


Overdrawn,  $87.60 

SINKING  FUND. 

On  hand  December  1, 1800 $14,210.72 

Receipts  to  April  30, 18(57 856.38 

Discount  on  bonds  cancelled 117.00 


Total $15,184.10 

Coupons  and  interest 2.638.37 

Bonds  Redeemed 7,650.00 

Total $10,238.37 

On  hand $4,845.73 

The  miscellaneous  Receipts  were $27,500.00 


Total $32,020.73 

Less  overpaid  in  General  Fund 87.60 


Total  in  Treasury $31,933.18 


1869.]  NEBRASKA.  397 

EDUCATION. 

There  is  in  the  State,  a  Board  of  Education,  which  consists  of  the  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction,  the  State  Treasurer,  and  five  other  persons 
appointed  by  the  Governor.  This  Board  has  the  charge  of  the  Normal 
School,  appoints  its  teachers  and  makes  general  regulations  for  it.  The  Su 
perintendent  of  Public  Instruction  has  the  general  supervision  of  the  schools 
of  the  State.  In  1867,  the  trustees  of  the  Seminary  at  Peru,  Nemaha  County 
offered  the  seminary  building  to  the  State  for  Normal  School  purposes.  The 
liberal  offer  was  accepted  by  the  State,  and  the  Legislature,  by  an  act  passed, 
June,  1867,  established  the  Normal  School,  and  located  it  at  Peru.  The  site 
includes  sixty  acres  of  land  on  high  rolling  ground,  in  view  of  the  Missouri 
river  for  sixteen  miles.  The  building  is  of  brick,  eighty  feet  long  and  forty 
feet  wide,  and  three  stories  high.  The  estimated  value  of  the  site  and  the 
building  complete  is  $25,000.  The  Legislature  at  its  last  session  appropriated 
three  thousand  dollars  to  aid  in  fitting  up  the  new  building,  and  also  twenty 
sections  of  land  for  an  endowment.  Prof.  J.  M.  McKenzie  was  elected  Prin 
cipal.  Two  assistants  were  also  appointed,  and  the  school  wras  opened  Oct. 
24,  1867.  • 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  Nebraska  in  1860  was  28.841 ;  the  inviting  features  of 
the  country  stimulated  immigration  to  such  an  extent,  that  in  1867  the  State 
was  admitted  into  the  Union,  having  attained  the  requisite  number  of 
inhabitants. 

The  soil  of  the  eastern  portion  is  exceedingly  fertile ;  the  prairies  are  covered 
with  a  heavy  sod,  the  matted  growth  of  ages  of  vegetation,  several  teams  of 
oxen  being  required  to  break  it ;  the  subsequent  tillage  is  comparatively  easy, 
the  ground  being  rendered  light  and  mellow.  Along  the  rivers  are  groves 
of  oak,  walnut,  cottonwood,  hickory  and  willow.  In  1860,  the  farms  of 
Nebraska  embraced  118,789  acres  of  improved  land  and  512,425  of  unim 
proved.  The  peculiar  character  of  soil  and  climate  indicate  that  stock-raising 
will  become  a  very  important  and  remunerative  branch  of  its  agricultural 
enterprise.  The  public  lands  remaining  undisposed  of,  are  equal  to  about 
forty-two  and  a  third  million  of  acres. 

Thin  coal-beds,  fifteen  to  eighteen  inches  thick,  have  been  found  in  various 
localities,  and  worked  with  considerable  profit ;  an  out-crop  at  Nebraska 
City  having  been  advantageously  worked  by  drifting  in  a  distance  of  three 
hundred  yards. 

The  counties  of  Otoe,  Nemaha  and  Richardson  contain  more  timber  than 
any  other  portions  of  the  State.  Considerable  attention  has  been  given  to 
the  cultivation  of  fruit  and  forest  trees. 

Products  in  1866.  Indian  corn,  2,095,030  bushels,  value,  $1,424,620 ;  wheat..  257,839  bush 
els,  value,  $317,142;  Oats,  450,138  bushels,  value,  $207,063;  potatoes,  120,319  bushels,  value, 
$210,558. 

Banks.    There  were,  in  1868,  four  National  Banks,  with  $350,000  capital. 


398  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1B69. 

22.    NEVADA. 

Capital,, Carson  City.  Area,  112,090  square  miles.  Population,  (I860),  6,857. 
The  region  from  which  this  state  was  formed  was  a  portion  of  the  terri 
tory  acquired  by  the  United  States  from  Mexico  under  the  treaty  of  Guada- 
lupe  Hidalgo,  belonging  previous  to  its  transfer  to  the  department  of  Alta 
California.  The  first  settlements  were  made  in  1848.  Nevada  was  organized 
as  a  territory,  March  2,  1861,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  Octo 
ber  31,  18G4.  It  extends  from  the  37th  to  the  43d  meridian  of  Longitude 
west  from  Washington,  and  from  the  42d  degree  of  Latitude  to  where  the 
Colorado  river  first  meets  the  boundary  of  California,  about  latitude  35°. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  gALART. 

Governor HENRY  G.  BLASDEL. $0,000 

Lieutenant  Governor JAMES  S.  SLINGERLAND 3.000 

Attorney  General ROBERT  M.  CLARKE 2,500 

Sewetary  of  State CHAUNCEY  N.  NOTEWARE 3,600 

State  Treasurer ECEN  RIIOADES 3,600 

State  Comptroller W>i.  K.  PARKINSON 2.000 

Superintendent  Public  Instruction A.  N.  FISHER 3,600 

Surveyor  General S.  H.  MARLETTE 3,600 

The  members  of  the  executive  government  are  chosen  by  the  qualified 
voters  of  the  state,  and  hold  office  for  four  years.  The  term  of  office  of  the 
present  government  will  expire  on  the  first  Monday  in  January,  1871.  The 
Legislature  is  composed  of  57  members,  19  Senators  and  38  Assemblymen, 
chosen  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  counties.  Every  white  male  citizen  of 
the  United  States  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  six  months  in  the  state, 
and  thirty  days  in  the  county,  is  entitled  to  vote.  Persons  convicted  of 
treason  or  felony  and  not  restored  to  civil  rights,  idiots  and  insane  persons 
are  excluded. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  state  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  in  justices  of  the  peace.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices,  who  hold  their  offices 
during  a  period  of  four  years.  For  District  Court  purposes  the  state  is  di 
vided  into  nine  districts,  in  each  of  which  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  holds  the  sessions.  The  Supreme  and  District  Courts  have 
Chancery  as  well  as  common-law  jurisdiction.  The  Judges  and  county  offi 
cers  are  elected  by  the  people. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Stephen  J.  Field.  District  Judge,  Alexander  W.  Baldwin.  District  Attorney, 
Win.  Campbell.  Marshal,  Edward  Irwin. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  H.  O.  Beatty.  Associate  Justices,  J.  Neely  Johnson— term  expires  1869 ;  James 
P.  Lewis— term  expires  1873.  Salary  of  each,  $7,000. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

Supreme  Court,  1st  Monday  in  January,  April,  July,  and  October.  First  Judicial  Distnct,  1st 
Monday  in  January,  March,  June,  and  October.  Second  Judicial  District,  Ormsby  Co.,  1st  Mon- 


1809.] 

day  in  March,  June,  September,  and  December.  Second  Judicial  District,  Douglas  Co.,  1st 
Monday  in  February,  May,  August,  and  November.  Third  Judicial  District,  1st  Monday  in 
February,  May,  August,  and  November.  Fourth  Judicial  District,  1st  Monday  in  March,  June, 
September,  and  December.  Fifth  Judicial  District,  1st  Monday  in  April,  August,  and  Decem 
ber.  Sixth  Judicial  District,  1st  Monday  in  March,  June,  September,  and  December.  Seventh 
Judicial  District,  Nye  Co.,  1st  Monday  in  January,  April,  and  August.  Seventh  Judicial  Dis 
trict,  Churchill  Co.,  1st  Monday  in  March,  July,  and  November.  Eighth  Judicial  District,  1st 
Monday  in  February,  May,  August,  and  November.  Ninth  Judicial  District,  1st  Monday  in 
March,  August,  and  December. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  Jan.  1,  1866,  -        $51,000 

Receipts  from  all  sources,  -    425,000 

Total,  $476,000 

Disbursements,     - -  320,000 


Balance  in  Treasury,  Jan.  1,  1867,    -         -         -  $156,000 

STATE  DEBT. 
January,  1867,  (coin),  $278,000. 

The  Governor  in  his  message  to  the  last  Legislature,  recommended  the 
negotiation  of  a  loan  of  $300,000,  which  with  accruing  revenues,  would  pro 
vide  for  the  indebtedness  of  the  state  and  the  current  expenses  until  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Legislature  in  1869. 

EDUCATION. 

While  Nevada  existed  as  a  territory,  important  steps  were  taken  towards 
the  organization  of  a  system  of  public  education,  and  since  its  admission 
into  the  Union  as  a  state,  this  system  has  been  farther  perfected.  The  school 
laws  of  1865,  as  amended  in  1867,  provide  for  a  State  Board  of  Education, 
which  consists  of  the  Governor,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and 
the  Surveyor  General  of  the  State.  This  Board  has  a  special  supervision  of 
the  State  School  Fund,  and  holds  semi-annual  sessions  for  the  purpose  of  de 
vising  plans  for  its  improvement  and  for  the  management  and  the  better  or 
ganization  of  public  schools.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  has 
a  general  supervision  of  Public  Schools. 

There  is  in  each  county,  a  county  superintendent  elected  for  two  years, 
who  apportions  the  school  money  in  the  county  treasury  to  school  districts, 
and  exercises  a  general  supervision  over  all  the  public  schools  of  his  county, 
visiting  each  at  least  once  in  each  year.  He  appoints  the  school  trustees, 
where  districts  fail  to  elect,  presides  over  and  conducts  county  teachers'  in 
stitutes,  and  reports  annually  to  the  State  Superintendent. 

There  are  in  each  school  district  three  trustees,  one  of  whom  is  appointed 
annually  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  district  for  a  term  of  three  years. 
The  Board  of  Trustees  is  a  body  corporate,  with  power  to  purchase,  hold 
or  convey  school  property,  and  it  has  the  care  of  all  in  its  district.  The 
trustees  employ  teachers,  provide  school-rooms  with  maps,  furniture  and  other 
necessary  appendages,  grade  the  schools,  apportion  the  school  fund,  suspend 
or  expel  insubordinate  pupils,  and  report  annually  to  the  county  superintend- 


400  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

ent.  A  Board  of  Examiners  consisting  of  three  competent  persons,  is  ap 
pointed  for  each  county  by  the  State  Superintendent.  This  Board  examines 
all  applicants  and  grants  certificates  of  qualification  to  teachers  of  public 
schools. 

This  state  has  received  from  the  United  States  3,661,680  acres  of  govern 
ment  lands,  which  arc  appropriated  to  educational  purposes. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

Governor  Blasdel  in  two  messages  to  the  Legislature  has  recommended 
that  provision  be  made  for  the  care  of  the  insane,  by  creating  a  fund  for  this 
purpose  to  be  drawn  upon  until  the  state  is  provided  with  an  Asylum,  and 
permanent  arrangements  have  been  made  for  the  treatment  of  this  unfor 
tunate  class. 

Before  being  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  Nevada  was  provided 
with  a  territorial  prison,  and  the  prison  buildings  have  thus  far  been  found 
sufficient  for  the  state. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

For  ten  years  after  the  first  settlement,  the  population  increased  slowly, 
there  being  less  than  1,000  inhabitants  within  the  limits  of  the  state  in  1859. 
The  discovery  of  silver  that  year  attracted  immigration  to  such  an  extent 
that  in  1861,  there  were  nearly  17,000  inhabitants.  The  estimated  popula 
tion  in  1866  was  40,000. 

The  principal  aboriginal  tribes  occupying  this  state  are  the  Washoes  and 
Pah  Utahs  in  the  western  part  of  the  state,  and  the  Sashones  in  the  eastern 
part.  These  tribes  or  nations  are  divided  into  many  small  communities  or 
families,  sparsely  scattered  over  the  country,  who  are  generally  peaceful  and 
inoffensive.  Some  of  the  Indians  are  employed  by  the  whites,  and  are  found 
useful  in  many  kinds  of  unskilled  labor. 

Nevada  is  mostly  an  elevated  plateau,  having  a  general  altitude  of  more 
than  4,000  feet  above  tide  water.  It  has  numerous  chains  of  mountains 
from  1,000  to  5,000  feet  above  the  common  level  of  the  state.  These  are 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  spruce,  and  fir,  from  which  superior 
lumber  is  obtained.  Between  the  ranges  of  mountains  are  valleys  from  5  to 
20  miles  in  width,  some  of  which  are  very  productive,  yielding  from  30  to 
60  bushels  of  wheat,  and  from  40  to  80  bushels  of  barley  to  the  acre.  The 
leading  industrial  pursuit  is  mining,  the  silver  mines  constituting  the  great 
source  of  wealth  to  the  state.  Gold  was  first  discovered  in  1849,  near  the 
Carson  river,  and  the  mines  were  worked  with  profit  for  several  years,  but 
have  generally  been  abandoned  for  the  richer  silver  mines.  Silver  was  dis 
covered  in  1859,  near  what  is  known  as  the  Comstock  ledge  in  Storey  county. 
This  is  still  the  most  valuable  silver-bearing  lode  found  in  Nevada.  It  has 
been  developed  to  the  depth  of  more  than  700  feet,  and  the  Sutro  tunnel 
projected  and  partly  completed  will,  when  finished,  enable  the  lode  to  be 
worked  to  the  depth  of  three  thousand  feet  or  more  with  prospective  profit. 
This  tunnel  will  be  19,000  feet  long,  and  its  estimated  cost  is  from  four  to 


1869.]  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  401 

five  millions  of  dollars.  The  great  body  of  valuable  ores  contained  in  the 
Comstock  ledge  consists  in  the  black  and  gray  sulphurets  of  silver.  Native 
silver  is  found  diffused  through  the  vein,  but  no  large  masses  have  been  ob 
tained. 

A  small  amount  of  gold  has  been  extracted,  though  the  proportion  now 
is  less  than  at  first.  The  unexampled  richness  of  the  ores  of  the  White  Pine 
District  attracted  the  attention  of  miners  during  the  autumn  of  1868,  and 
caused  a  large  accession  to  the  population. 

Copper  and  iron  mines  exist  in  some  parts  of  the  state,  and  lead  and  coal 
have  been  discovered.  Salt  is  abundant.  The  salt  bed  at  Sands  Springs  in 
Churchill  county  extends  over  several  hundred  acres,  much  of  which  is  a 
stratum  of  pure,  coarse  salt  nearly  a  foot  thick,  which  only  requires  to  be 
gathered  in  heaps  or  thrown  on  a  platform  in  order  to  drain  off  the  water, 
when  it  is  ready  for  sacking.  About  50  miles  west  of  this,  is  another  and 
still  more  extensive  salt  bed,  its  superficial  area  being  nearly  20  square  miles, 
while  in  Nye  or  Esmeralda  county,  there  is  a  bed  covering  more  than  50 
square  miles,  over  nearly  all  of  which  the  salt,  clean,  dry  and  white,  lies  to  a 
depth  varying  from  6  inches  to  2  feet.  This  mineral  so  extensively  used  in 
the  reduction  of  silver  ores,  is  an  important  source  of  wealth  to  the  state. 

In  1866,  there  were  in  the  state  170  mills  completed  for  the  crushing  and  reduction  of  ores, 
and  a  number  more  in  the  process  of  construction.  These  mills  carry  2,564  stamps,  weighing 
from  400  to  800  pounds  each,  the  average  being  about  600  pounds,  and  have  an  aggregate  capacity 
equal  to  6,322  horses :  average  cost,  about  $60,000 ;  aggregate.  $10,000,000.  The  Gould  and 
Curry,  carrying  80  stamps  and  supplied  with  two  large  engines,  has  cost,  with  grounds,  altera 
tions  and  surroundings,  over  $1,000,000;  several  others  have  cost  from  $150,000  to  $250,000,  the 
Ophir,  in  Washoe  valley,  having  cost  much  more.  Of  this  number,  35  are  driven  by  water,  and 
the  balance  by  steam,  a  few  of  each  class  using  both  water  and  steam.  Of  these  mills.  36  are 
in  Storey  county.  34  in  Lyon,  10  in  Washoe,  8  in  Ormsby,  and  1  in  Douglas,  a  total  of  89,  all  of 
which  are  running  on  Comstock  ore;  Esmeralda  county  contains  21  mills,  Nye  8,  Lander  22, 
Humboldt  5,  and  Churchill  4.  The  annual  product  of  the  Comstock  lode  is  about  $16,500,000. 


23.    NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Capital,  Concord.  Area,  0,280  square  miles.  Population  (1860),  326,073. 
New  Hampshire  was  settled  at  Dover  and  Portsmouth  in  1623,  by  the 
English.  The  settlements  were  annexed  to  Massachusetts  in  1641,  and  con 
tinued  until  1679,  when  New  Hampshire  received  a  separate  charter.  It  was 
again  connected  with  Massachusetts  in  1689,  but  in  1741  it  became  a  separate 
province.  It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  states,  framed  a  constitution 
in  1776,  and  ratified  the  United  States  Constitution,  June  21,  1788. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  SALARY. 

Governor WALTER  HARRIMAN $1,000 

Secretary  of  State JOHN  D.  LVMAN 800 

Deputy  Secretary  of  State ,.. NATHAN  W.  GOVE 600andfe«a. 

Treasurer PETER  SANBORN 1,000 

Adjutant  General NATT  HEAD 1,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction AMOS  HADLEY ; . . .  .1,000 

Treasurer  Board  of  Agriculture FREDERICK  SMYTH.  . . 

26 


402  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Governor,  Councilors,  five  in  number,  and  members  of  the  Legislature 
are  elected  annually  by  the  legal  voters,  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  March. 
The  Secretary  of  State  and  Treasurer  are  chosen  each  year  by  the  Legislature 
in  joint  convention.  The  Attorney  General  is  appointed  by  the  Governor. 
The  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  are  together  styled  the  "  General 
Court  of  New  Hampshire,"  which  assembles  annually  in  regular  session,  on 
the  first  Wednesday  in  June.  The  Senators  are  12  in  number,  elected  by 
districts ;  the  Representatives  are  one  for  every  town,  parish  or  place  having 
150  ratable  male  polls,  and  one  additional  Representative  for  every  additional 
300  ratable  male  polls  in  excess  of  the  first  150.  Towns,  parishes  or  places 
having  less  than  150  polls  are  classed  together  and  elect  Representatives  by 
turns.  Every  male  inhabitant  of  a  town  or  parish  with  town  privileges,  or 
place  unincorporated,  in  this  State,  of  twenty-one  years  of  age  (excepting 
paupers,  or  persons  excused  from  paying  taxes  at  their  own  request),  has  a 
right  to  vote  in  the  town,  &c.  wherein  he  dwells. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  only  court  of  general  jurisdiction  is  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court, 
which  has  full  power  as  a  court  of  equity — exercised  at  the  law  terms.  The 
Judges  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  Council,  and  hold  their  offices 
during  good  behavior ;  but  no  person  can  hold  the  office  of  Judge  after  he 
has  attained  the  age  of  seventy  years. 

The  State  is  divided  into  four  Judicial  Districts,  as  follows :  No.  1,  Rockingham,  Stratford 
and  Carroll  counties  ;  No.  2,  Belknap,  Merrimac  and  Hillsborough  counties  ;  No.  3,  Cheshire 
and  Sullivan  counties ;  No.  4,  Grafton  and  Coos  counties. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Nathan  Clifford.  Distinct  Judge,  Daniel  Clarke  ;  District  Attorney,  Charles  W. 
Rand ;  Marshal,  J.  N.  Patterson ;  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  A.  R.  Hatch. 

SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Ira  Perley,  Concord.  Associate  Justices,  Jonathan  E.  Sargent,  Wen  tworth ;  Hen 
ry  A.  Bellows,  Concord  ;  Charles  Doe,  Rollinsford  ;  George  W.  Nesmith,  Franklin  ;  Jeremiah 
Smith,  Dover.  Attorney  General,  William  C.  Clarke,  Manchester.  Reporter,  Amos  Hadley, 
Concord.  Salary  of  Chief  Justice,  $2,400,  of  Associate  Justices,  $2,200  each. 

TERMS  OP  SUPREME  JUDICIAL  COURT. 

Selknap  county — Law  Terms.  At  Manchester,  1st  Tuesday  of  June,  andat  Concord,  IstTuesday 
of  December.  Trial  Terms.  At  Guilford,  4th  Tuesday  of  March  und  4th  Tuesday  of  September. 

Carroll  county—Law  Tei*ms.  At  Exeter,  3d  Tuesday  of  June,  and  at  Dover,  3d  Tuesday  of 
December.  Trial  Terms.  At  Ossipee,  3d  Tuesday  of  April  and  October. 

Cheshire  county — Law  Terms.  At  Keene,  4th  Tuesday  of  December,  and  at  Newport,  1st 
Tuesday  of  July.  Trial  Terms.  At  Keene,  1st  Tuesday  of  April  and  October. 

Coos  county — Law  Terms.  At  Lancaster,  3d  Tuesday  of  July  and  at  Haverhill,  the  Tuesday 
next  after  4th  Tuesday  of  December.  Trial  Terms.  At  Lancaster,  4th  Tuesday  of  April  and 
1st  Tuesday  of  November. 

Grafton  county — Law  Terms.  At  Lancaster,  3d  Tuesday  of  July,  and  at  Haverhill,  the  Tues 
day  next  after  4th  Tuesday  of  December.  Trial  Ternu.  At  Haverhill,  4th  Tuesday  of  March 
and  September  for  the  Western  Judicial  District,  and  at  Plymouth,  3d  Tuesday  of  May  and 
November  for  the  Eastern  Judicial  District. 

Hillsborough  County— Law  Terms.  At  Manchester,  1st  Tuesday  of  June,  and  at  Concord,  1st 
Tuesday  of  December.  Trial  Terms.  At  Amherst,  1st  Tuesday  of  May,  at  Manchester,  1st 
Tuesday  of  January,  and  at  Nashua,  1st  Tuesday  of  September. 


1869.] 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


403 


Merrimac  county— Law  Terms.  At  Manchester,  1st  Tuesday  of  Jnue,  and  at  Concord,  1st 
Tuesday  of  December.  Trial  Terms.  At  Concord,  1st  Tuesday  of  October  and  April. 

Eockingham  county — Law  Terms.  At  Exeter,  3d  Tuesday  of  June,  and  at  Dover,  3d  Tuesday 
of  December.  Trial  Temis.  At  Portsmouth,  3d  Tuesday  of  October,  and  at  Exeter,  3d  Tues 
day  of  January  and  2d  Tuesday  of  April. 

Straff ord  county— Law  Terms.  At  Exeter,  3d  Tuesday  of  June,  and  at  Dover,  3d  Tuesday  of 
December.  Trial  Terms.  At  Dover,  2d  Tuesday  of  February  and  1st  Tuesday  of  September. 

Suttivan  county— Law  Terms.  At  Keene,  4th  Tuesday  of  December,  and  at  Newport,  1st  Tues 
day  of  July.  Trial  Terms.  At  Newport,  4th  Tuesday  of  January  and  1st  Tuesday  of  September. 

FINANCES. 


RECEIPTS. 

Cash  in  Treasury  June  1, 1867 $  55,424.48 

From  State  Taxes 624,816.81 

Railroad  Taxes 203,284.64 

Savings  Bank  Taxes 77,227.65 

Sale  of  Public  Lands 25,000.00 

Interest 2,485.80 

Loans 527,404.00 

Miscellaneous 1,102.00 


$1,516,745.38 


DISBURSEMENTS. 

Ordinary  Expenses $135,461.21 

Extraordinary  Expenses 97,707.04 

Dividends  to  Towns 156,945.28 

Literary  Fund 37,019.24 

Interest 242,388.19 

Principal  of  Debt 828,539.50 

$1,498,060.66 
Cash  in  Treasury  June  1,  1868. . . .       18,684.72 


$1,516,745.36 

Large  sums  are  annually  received  into,  and  paid  from  the  Treasury,  whose  receipt  is  no  in 
come  to  the  State,  and  whose  disbursement  is  not  an  expenditure.  The  following  exhibits  the 
revenue  separated  from  the  receipts.  It  was  derived  from : 

Sales  of  Public  Property $  30.00       Civil  Commissions $       572.00 

Foreign  Insurance  Companies 100.00       Railroad  Taxes 111,547.76 

Copyright  of  Reports 100.00       State  Tax 624,272.81 

$736,622.57 


The  Ordinaiy  Expenses  were  for: 

Salaries $31,176.84 

Legislature '44,978.10 

Council 797.80 

Support  of  indigent  Insane 6,000.00 

Support  of  convict  Insane 603.29 

Accounts  of  sundry  Offices 995.70 

The  Extraordinary  Expenses  were  for : 

Legislative  Resolves $17,000.15 

Charitable  and  Penal  Institutions 39,597.15 

Commissioners  for  revision  of  Statutes  6,600.00 
Digest  of  New  Hampshire  Reports. .  2,800.90 


Compiling  Provincial  Records. 

Publishing  Laws 

State  Printing 

Volunteer  Militia 

Miscellaneous... 


State  House  Grounds 

Military  Expense 

Miscellaneous  . . . 


..$  1,051.18 
. . .  417.60 
...24,919.56 
...24,003.15 
.  527.99 


$135,461.21 

...$8,323.51 
...  4,259.59 
...18,099.04 


$96,680.04 


STATE  DEBT. 

Total  Liabilities,  June  1,  1867,      - 
Total  Assets  June  1, 18G7, 

Net  Indebtedness,    - 
Total  Liabilities,  June  1,  1868, 
Total  Assets,  June  1,  1868,    - 

Net  Indebtedness,      -        ... 
.  Showing  a  reduction  during  the  year  of 


$3,810,796.56 
63,019.61 


-     $3,508,027.96 
20,615.99 


$3,747,776.95 


$3,487,411.97 
$260,364.98 


By  the  cancellation  of  certain  worthless  taxes  and  accounts,  the  assets  were  diminished 
$5,847.05,  and  the  liabilities  $1,918.98 ;  so  that  the  actual  reduction  of  the  debt  during  the  year 


404  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

has  been  $264,293.05.    The  present  liabilities  of  the  State  are,  on  account  of  Trust  Funds,  $17,- 
823.96;  Floating  Debt,  $33,404.00 ;  Funded  Debt,  $3,456,800.00;   Total,  $3,508,027.96. 

The  Floating  Debt  is  represented  entirely  by  State  notes,  and  was  reduced  during1  the  year 
from  $109,637.50  to  $&3,404.00.  The  Funded  Debt  consists  of  bonds  issued  by  the  State,  and  was 
reduced  during  the  year,  from  $3,681,700  to  $3,456,800.  The  Assets  consist  of  income  of  State 
Prison,  $867.22;  Cash  in  the  Treasury,  $18,684.72;  and  uncollected  taxes,  June  1, 1868,  $1,004.05. 
About  $100,000  of  the  State  Debt  becomes  due  in  1869,  and  about  $350,000  annually  thereafter, 
until  1874,  when  the  amount  clue  anaually  is  much  lessened.  During  the  year,  the  net  reduction 
of  the  debts  of  the  towns  of  the  State  was  $220,324.93. 

LITERARY  FUND. 

The  receipts  on  account  of  this  fund  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  1, 1868,  were  from  non 
resident  Savings  Bank  Taxes,  $12,019.24;  Sale  of  public  lands,  $25,000;  total,  $37,019.24  ;  and 
the  payments  were,  for  dividend  to  towns  of  fifteen  cents  per  scholar,  $11,811.00;  balance  to 
the  credit  of  the  Fund,  $25,208.24. 

EDUCATION. 

This  State  has  one  college  and  about  fifty  academies  in  successful  opera 
tion.  Dartmouth  College,  founded  in  1769,  has,  beside  its  Academical  course, 
a  Medical,  a  Scientific  and  Agricultural  Department,  and  a  School  of  Archi 
tecture  and  Civil  Engineering.  The  scrip  donated  by  Congress  for  an  Agri 
cultural  College  was  sold  for  $80,000,  and  the  avails  appropriated  to  establish 
the  "  New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts, '  in 
connection  with  Dartmouth  College. 

The  Legislature  in  1867,  established  the  office  of  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction.  This  officer  has  the  supervision  of  the  Public  Schools 
of  the  State.  School  committees  have  supervision  in  the  towns,  and  a  pru 
dential  committee  in  each  district,  hires  teachers,  and  is  the  general  financial 
agent.  County  educational  associations  have  been  established,  and  numerous 
conventions  of  teachers  and  other  friends  of  education  have  been  held, 
whereby  a  new  and  increasing  interest  has  been  awakened  in  the  public 
mind,  and  a  fresh  impetus  given  to  educational  progress. 

Public  Schools  in  1868.  Number  of  towns  and  cities,  230;  number  making  returns, 
220 ;  number  of  school  districts,  2,287 ;  decrease  for  the  year,  22 ;  number  of  schools,  2,487 ; 
number  of  scholars  attending,  77,138 ;  decrease  for  the  year,  709 ;  average  attendance,  52,476 ; 
decrease  for  the  year,  590;  ratio  of  average  attendance  to  the  whole  number  of  scholars,  .68; 
number  of  children  between  4  and  14  years  not  attending,  3,228;  increase  for  the  year,  414; 
number  of  teachers— male,  477;  female,  2,465;  total,  2,942;  average  wages  of  teachers  per 
month— male,  $34.64;  increase  for  the  year,  $1.55;  female,  $19.78;  increase  for  the  year, 
$1.34;  number  of  teachers  who  have  attended  teachers'  institutes,  1,018;  average  length  of  the 
schools  in  weeks,  16.83;  estimated  value  of  school-houses  and  lots,  $1,130,698;  increase  for  the 
year,  $133,865  ;  estimated  value  of  school  apparatus,  $13,327.17 ;  number  of  unfit  houses,  427 ; 
decrease  for  the  year,  55  ;  expenditure  in  building  and  repairing  school-houses,  $86,191.73 ;  in 
crease  for  the  year,  $10,225.55 ;  number  of  volumes  in  libraries  reported,  55,079 ;  amount  raised 
by  tax  for  support  of  schools,  $282,606.58 ;  increase  for  the  year,  $39,890.62 ;  amount  raised  by  tax 
beyond  what  the  law  requires,  $66,528.01 ;  increase  for  the  year,  $8,010.19 ;  amount  contributed 
in  board,  &c.  to  prolong  the  schools,  $24,599.41 ;  increase  for  the  year,  $4,596.92;  amount  of  in 
come  from  the  surplus  revenue  money  reported  as  used  for  schools,  $1,840.68;  of  the  literary 
fund  as  reported,  $10,824.07 ;  of  railroad  tax  reported  as  used  for  schools,  $7,735.30 ;  income  from 
local  funds,  $5,869.58;  total  expended  for  schools,  $333,465.62  ;  increase  for  the  year,  $43,158.31 ; 
average  amount  to  each  scholar,  $3.69;  number  of  visits  of  school  committees,  11,804;  of  pru 
dential  committees,  2,518 ;  of  others,  68,849 ;  number  of  academies  and  other  permanent  schools 
reported  for  the  year,  51. 


1869.]  NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  405 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  incorporated  in  1838,  has  a  farm  of  155  acres. 
Its  accommodations  were  increased  in  1867-68  by  the  erection  of  a  new 
building,  79  feet  long  and  38  feet  wide,  for  excited  female  patients.  The 
success  of  the  institution  has  increased  its  numbers  beyond  the  original  plan, 
and  makes  it  necessary  to  secure  further  additions. 

The  Reform  School,  founded  in  1856,  has  a  farm  of  100  acres,  near  Man 
chester.  The  institution  has  grown  in  public  estimation,  and  has  extended 
its  influence  and  means  of  good  to  the  State.  It  has  provision  for  both  sexes. 

The  State  Prison  has  been  much  improved  the  last  year,  by  effecting  a 
thorough  ventilation  of  the  halls  and  cells,  by  better  drainage,  by  securing 
a  supply  of  good  water,  and  by  additions  to  the  shops.  The  operation  of  the 
commutation  law  passed  by  the  Legislature  in  1867,  has  been  very  favorable 
on  the  discipline  of  the  prison.  An  evening  school  has  been  established  for 
the  benefit  of  those  unable  to  read  and  write,  and  a  course  of  lectures  was 
provided  during  the  winter.  The  effect  of  both  has  been  good. 

Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Concord,  J.  P.  BANCROFT,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  in  the 
institution  May  1,  1867— males,  122,  females,  124 ;  total,  246.  Admitted  during  the  year— males, 
55,  females,  63 ;  total,  118.  Whole  number  under  care  during  year — males,  177,  females,  187  ;  to 
tal,  364.  Largest  number  of  patients  at  any  one  time — males,  121,  females,  132;  total  253;  small 
est  number  at  any  time — males,  114,  females,  115  ;  total,  229.  The  daily  average  for  the  year — 
for  men,  118.5,  women,  121.2-7  ;  total,  239.77.  Number  of  patients  discharged  during  the  year — 
males,  52,  females,  56 ;  total,  108 :  died— males,  12,  females,  9 ;  total,  21 ;  leaving,  May  1, 1868— 
males,  112,  females,  123 ;  total,  235.  Of  those  discharged  there  were  recovered — males,  21,  fe 
males,  30;  total,  51;  improved — males,  19,  females,  20;  total,  39;  not  improved— males,  12, 
females,  6 ;  total,  18.  Age  of  those  admitted  during  the  year— under  15, 1 ;  15  to  20,  4 ;  20  to  30, 
25 ;  30  to  40,  28 ;  40  to  50,  25 ;  50  to  60, 19 ;  60  to  70, 13 ;  over  70,  3.  Stage  of  disease  at  admission 
— attack  recent,  59,  disease  confirmed,  59;  first  time,  71,  subsequent  admission,  47.  Civil  state, 
married — men,  26,  women,  35;  total,  61;  single — men,  28,  women,  21;  total,  49;  widowers,!, 
widows,  7.  Occupation — farmers,  24 ;  household  employment,  51 ;  teachers,  4 ;  carpenters,  4 ; 
traders,  5;  clergymen,  2;  laborers,  2;  miscellaneous  and  no  fixed  occupation,  26.  Committed 
by  friends  or  guardians,  82 ;  by  cities  or  towns,  31 ;  by  order  of  courts,  5.  Form  of  disease- 
acute  mania,  55 ;  chronic  mania,  19 ;  melancholia,  15 ;  dementia,  17;  epilepsy,  5  ;  miscellaneous, 
7.  Whole  number  ever  admitted,  2,579. 

Reform  School,  Manchester,  ISAAC  H.  JONKS,  Superintendent.  In  the  House,  April  30, 1867, 
—males,  59,  females,  20 ;  total,  79.  Committed  since— males,  49,  females,  4 ;  total,  53.  Escaped 
inmates  returned,  3:  total,  135.  Discharged— before  expiration  of  sentence,  8;  at  expiration 
of  sentence,  16;  to  care  of  friends,  6;  sent  to  alternate,  2;  escaped,  7.  Kemaining,  April  30, 
18(58— males,  82,  females,  14 ;  total,  96.  Term  of  commitment— 1  year  and  less,  6 ;  2  years,  7  ; 
3  years,  12;  4  years,  2;  5  to  10  years,  8;  during  minority,  18.  Crimes— stealing,  27;  stubborn 
ness,  13 ;  house  and  shop  breaking,  5 ;  attempt  to  set  fire,  2 ;  malicious  mischief,  4 ;  stealing  let 
ters  from  Post  Office,  2 ;  assault,  1  ;  truancy,  1 ;  total,  53.  Age— 10  years  and  under,  7 ;  10  to  15, 
38  ;  16  years,  7;  unknown,  1 ;  total,  53.  Nativity— New  Hampshire,  34 ;  other  states,  12 ;  foreign 
countries,  6 ;  unknown,  1 ;  total,  53. 

New  Hampshire  State  Prison,  Concord,  JOSEPH  MAYO,  Warden.  Whole  number  of 
prisoners,  May  1, 1867, 118.  Received  during  the  year,  46.  Discharged— by  expiration  of  sen 
tence,  13;  pardoned,  13;  died,  3;  total,  29.  Remaining,  April  30,  1868— males,  130,  females,  5; 
total,  135.  Whole  number  committed  since  establishment  of  the  institution,  1,406. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  New  Hampshire  at  each  census,  was : 

Rate  of  Increase.  Rate  of  Increase. 

1790 141,899 1830 269,328 10.31 

1800 183,762 29.50  1840...     ...284,574 5.66 

1810 214,360 16.65  1850...     ..  317,976 11.74 

1820 244,022 13.90  1860 326,073 2.55 


4QG  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Of  the  population  in  1860,  256,982  were  born  in  the  State,  48,153  in  other 
States,  and  20,938  in  foreign  countries. 

Agriculture  is  the  predominant  interest  of  this  State.  More  capital  is  in 
vested  in  it  than  in  all  other  interests  combined,  and  the  great  majority  of 
the  people  are  engaged  in  its  pursuit. 

New  Hampshire  is  largely  engaged  in  manufactures,  abundant  water-power 
being  furnished  by  the  Merrimac,  Cocheco,  and  other  rivers,  on  wliose  banks 
are  many  flourishing  manufacturing  towns.  There  are  extensive  forests,  and 
the  production  of  lumber  is  an  important  branch  of  industry. 

Farms.    Improved  land,  2,000,000  acres  ;  number  of  farms,  30,000,  averaging  123  acrea  each. 

Principal  Products  in  1866.  Com,  1,321,281  bushels,  value,  $1,810,155;  wheat,  305,653 
bushels,  value,  $788,585;  rye,  161,559  bushels,  value,  $224,567;  oats,  1,481,018  bushels,  value, 
$1,007,092 ;  barley,  105,038  bushels,  value,  $124,995;  potatoes,  3,692,860  bushels,  value,  $1,809,501 ; 
hay,  6(55,395  tons,  value,  $11,897,263. 

Manufactures.  ~By  the  census  of  I860,  there  were  3,211  establishments  engaged  in  mining, 
manufacturing  and  the  mechanic  arts,  each  producing  $500  and  upwards  annually,  employing 
$23,274,094  capital,  and  18,379  male  and  13,961  female  hands,  consuming  raw  material  worth 
$20,539,857,  and  yielding  products  valued  at  $37.586,453. 

Banks.  The  State  Banks  are  closing  up  their  affairs.  Their  aggregate  capital,  May  13, 1868, 
was  $237.300.  There  are  40  National  Banks  with  a  capital  of  $4,785,000 ;  31  Savings  institutions, 
with  resources  amounting  to  $14,251,970.31;  amount  due  depositors,  $13,541.534.96;  increase 
over  last  year,  $3,078,116.46. 


24.    NEW  JERSEY. 

Capital,  Trenton.  Area,  7,576  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  672,035. 
New  Jersey  was  settled  at  Bergen  by  the  Dutch  and  Danes  in  1624,  but  it 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  English  in  1664.  In  1674,  it  was  divided  into  East 
and  West  Jersey,  and  soon  after  became  the  exclusive  property  of  the  Qua 
kers  of  Pennsylvania.  The  two  provinces  were  united  in  1702,  and  the 
colony  was  dependent  on  New  York  until  1738,  when  it  was  erected  into  a 
separate  royal  province.  It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  states,  adopted 
a  state  constitution  July  2,  1776,  and  ratified  the  United  States  Constitution 
December  18,  1787. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor T.  F.  RANDOLPH Newark $3,000 

Secretary  of  State HORACE  N.  CONGAR Trenton * 

Treasurer ... . .  WM.  P.  MCMICHAEL Bordentown 2,500 

Comptroller WM.  K.  MCDONALD Newark 2,500 

Attorney  General GEO.  M.  ROBESON Camden 1,500 

Superintendent  Public  Schools  . .  ELLIS  A.  APGAR Trenton 2,000 

Adjutant  General WM.  S.  STRTKER Trenton 100 

Quartermaster  General LEWIS  PERRINE Trenton 100 

The  Governor  is  chosen  by  a  plurality  vote  for  three  years.  General  elec 
tion  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  November.  The  Secretary  of  State  is  appointed 
by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate.  His  term  of 
office  is  five  years.  The  Treasurer  is  elected  by  the  Legislature  on  joint  bal 
lot  for  one  year,  and  until  his  successor  is  qualified ;  and  the  State  Librarian 

*  $300  and  fees. 


1869.]  NEW  JERSEY.  407 

is  appointed  for  three  years.  The  Superintendent  of  Schools  is  appointed 
by  the  Trustees  of  the  School  Fund  for  two  years.  The  Adjutant  and  Quar 
termaster  General  are  appointed  by  the  Governor.  Senators,  21  in  number, 
are  elected  for  three  years,  one-third  every  year ;  and  Representatives,  60  in 
number,  are  elected  each  year.  The  pay  of  a  member  of  either  branch  is 
$3.00  a  day  for  the  first  forty  days,  $1.50  a  day  afterwards.  The  presiding 
officers  are  paid  $4.00  a  day  for  the  first  forty  days,  and  $2.00  a  day  after 
wards.  The  Legislature  meets  annually  at  Trenton,  on  the  second  Tuesday 
of  January. 

White  male  citizens  of  the  United  States,  21  years  of  age,  who  have  re 
sided  one  year  in  the  state,  and  five  months  in  the  county,  are  entitled  to 
vote.  Paupers,  idiots,  and  insane  persons  are  excluded. 

The  active  military  force  of  this  state  consists  of  39  companies  of  rifle 
men,  1  company  of  cavalry,  3  of  artillery,  7  of  veterans,  and  5  of  the  Hud 
son  Brigade,  organized  as  militiamen,  and  numbering  about  3,000. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Court  of  Chancery  is  held  by  the  Chancellor.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  the  Chief  Justice,  and  six  Associate  Justices,  who,  with  the  Chan 
cellor,  are  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  and 
hold  office  for  seven  years. 

The  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  is  composed  of  the  Chancellor,  the  Jus 
tices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  six  other  Judges  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  six  years,  one  judge  going  out  of  office 
each  year.  One  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  assigned  to  each  of  the 
seven  districts  into  which  the  state  is  divided.  The  Justices  for  the  Dis 
tricts  hold  Circuit  Courts,  and  courts  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  three  times  a 
year  in  each  county ;  they  are  also  ex-officio  Judges  of  the  Courts  of  Common 
Pleas,  Orphans'  Courts,  and  courts  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  the  several  counties. 
UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Robert  C.  Grier.  District  Judge,  Richard  S.  Field.  District  Attorney,  Anthony 
Q.  Kcasby.  Marshal,  Benajah  Deacon.  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court,  A.  Ducher.  Clerk  of  District 
Court,  R.  H.  Shreve. 

STATE  COURTS. 

Chancellor,  A.  O.  Zabriekie,  Jersey  City.  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Mercer  Beas- 
ley.  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  L.  Q.  C.  Elmer,  Bridgeton ;  Peter  Yredenberg, 
Freehold ;  Joseph  D.  Bedle,  Jersey  City ;  David  A.  Depue,  Newark ;  Van  Cleve  Dalrimple,  Mor- 
ristown ;  George  A.  Woodhull,  Camden.  Lay  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Errors,  George  Vail,  Mor- 
ristown ;  John  Clemens,  Haddenfield ;  E.  L.  B.  Wales,  Tuckahoe ;  R.  S.  Kennedy,  Stewarts- 
ville;  James  L.  Ogden,  Jersey  City;  Chas.  S.  Olden,  Princeton.  Clerk  in  Chancery,  Barker 
Gummere.  Clerk  of  Supreme  Court,  Charles  P.  Smith.  Salaries,  Chancellor,  $4,000 ;  Chief 
Justice,  $3,600 ;  Associate  Justices,  $3,500 ;  Lay  Judges,  $8.00  per  day  during  attendance  at 
Court  and  mileage. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

The  Court  of  Chancery  holds  three  terms  annually  at  Trenton,  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  Febru 
ary,  third  Tuesday  in  May,  and  third  Tuesday  in  October.  The  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jersey 
holds  three  terms  annually  at  Trenton,  on  the  fourth  Tuesday  in  February,  and  the  first  Tues 
day  in  June  and  November;  and  the  Judges  of  this  court  also  hold  Circuit  Courts  and  Courts 
of  Oyer  and  Terminer  three  times  a  year. 

The  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals  holds  three  terms  annually  at  Trenton,  on  the  second  Tues 
day  in  March,  and  the  third  Tuesday  in  June  and  November. 


408  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869, 

FINANCES. ' 

The  following  consolidated  statement  shows  the  aggregate  of  moneys  re 
ceived  and  disbursed  by  the  Treasury,  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  Novem 
ber  30,  1867.  The  last  column  includes  former  balances : 


Receipts.  Disbursements. 

State  Fund $507,743.66 $599,050.64 

War  Fund 380,000.00 384,914.88 

School  Fund 102,870.79 110,010.25 2,860.00 

Agricultural  College  Fund 6,924.00 6,924.00 545.95 

State  Library  Fund 1,050.00 749.73 300.27 

Bank  Note  Redemption  Fund . .       4,729.04 6,631.89 17,762.68 

Balance  in  Bank  Dec.  1, 1866.. . .   129,127.13 


$1,132,444.62  $1,108,287.39  $24,157.23 

The  sources  of  revenue  to  the  State  Fund  were : 

Transit  duties  from  railroads  and  canals $268,259.96 

State  tax  of  1866 70,000.00 

Dividends,  premiums  on  scrip,  stock  and  interest 121,213.05 

Assessments  on  private  acts,  licenses  and  fees 13,023.25 

Tax  on  capital  stock  of  railroads 99,971.15 

Fines  and  forfeited  recognizances 4,980.00 

Miscellaneous  and  balance  December  1, 1866 56,469.55 

STATE  DEBT. 
The  state  debt  which  grew  out  of  the  exigencies  of  the  civil  war, 

amounted,  January  15,  1868,  to  $3,196,100 

There  falls  due,  January  1,  1869,  of  principal,       -  -         99,900 

And  of  interest  accrued  at  that  date,         -  95,883 

Interest  due  on  balance  July  1,  1869,     -  -        92,886 

The  state  had  no  debt  at  the  commencement  of  1861,  and  state  taxes  had  been  pretermitted 
for  a  series  of  years.  The  law,  authorizing  the  war  loans,  provided  for  a  tax  to  pay  them. 
The  value  of  taxable  property  in  1867,  was  $475,525,012,  an  increase  of  $27,050,333  in  one  year. 

EDUCATION. 

The  College  of  New  Jersey  at  Princeton,  organized  in  1746,  is  the  oldest 
collegiate  institution  in  the  state.  The  State  Agricultural  College  has 
been  connected  with  Rutgers'  College  at  New  Brunswick.  It  is  in  success 
ful  operation,  combining  with  theory  and  study,  the  practical  results  of  the 
farmer,  and  experiments  of  the  laboratory.  The  Professor  of  Chemistry 
and  Agriculture  has  delivered 'lectures  on  these  subjects  in  each  county  in 
the  state. 

The  Public  School  system  was  materially  changed  by  the  act  of  March  21, 
1867.  There  is  a  State  Board  of  Education,  consisting  of  17  persons,  and  a 
State  Superintendent,  who  has  the  general  supervision  of  schools.  The  office 
of  town  superintendent  has  been  abolished ;  a  County  Superintendent  is  ap 
pointed  in  each  county,  whose  duty  it  is  to  visit  every  school  in  his  jurisdic 
tion  twice  each  year.  The  County  Superintendent,  with  such  persons  as  he 
may  appoint,  constitutes  a  Board  of  Examiners  for  each  county,  with  power  to 
issue  three  grades  of  Teachers'  certificates.  The  State  Board  of  Examiners, 
consisting  of  the  State  Superintendent  and  Principal  of  the  State  Normal 


1869.]  NEW  JERSEY.  499 

School,  also  grants  three  grades  of  certificates,  all  higher  than  those  granted 
by  county  examiners. 

The  Normal  School  at  Trenton,  and  the  Normal  Preparatory  School  at 
Beverly,  are  in  a  flourishing  condition,  having  a  larger  number  of  students 
than  ever  before. 

Public  Schools.  In  1867  the  number  of  children  in  the  state  between  five  and  eighteen 
years  of  age,  was  230,555.  The  receipts  for  school  purposes  were :  Appropriated  by  the  state, 
$100,000.00;  received  from  surplus  revenue,  $26,531.54;  from  township  and  city  tax,  $720,264.09; 
from  district  tax,  $32,534.79;  appropriated  for  Normal  School,  $10,000.00;  appropriated  for 
Farnum  School.  $1,200.00;  total,  $896,530.42. 

Normal  School.  Trenton.  JOHN  S.  HART,  LL.  D.,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  in  Nor 
mal  School  during  1867.  was— males.  16 ;  females,  200 ;  total,  216 ;  number  in  the  Model  School 
— males,  215 ;  females.  310 ;  total.  525 ;  number  in  the  Farnum  Preparatory  School,  Beverly — 
males,  139;  females,  142;  total.  281  ;  total  number  of  pupils  that  have  been  under  instruction, 
has  been — males,  370;  females,  652;  total,  1,022;  an  increase  of  230  as  compared  with  1866. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  state  has  provided  liberally  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  her 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  Blind  and  Idiotic,  in  humane  institutions  at  New  York, 
Philadelphia  and  Hartford. 

The  State  Lunatic  Asylum  is  in  successful  operation  with  a  largely  in 
creased  number  of  patients.  The  Home  for  Disabled  Soldiers  and  the  Sol 
diers'  Children's  Home  have  been  established  and  maintained  by  the  munifi 
cence  of  the  state.  A  State  Reform  School  provides  a  home  and  education 
for  juvenile  delinquents. 

At  the  close  of  1867,  the  State  Prison  had  nearly  550  prisoners,  with  ac 
commodations  for  only  350.  The  Governor  and  officers  strongly  urge  the 
importance  of  increased  room  and  other  changes  for  the  prison.  At  the  com 
mencement  of  the  year,  the  labor  of  the  prisoners  was  divided  among  several 
contractors.  Under  this  plan  the  limited  shop  room  could  not  be  advanta 
geously  disposed  of,  and  other  inconveniencies  existed.  Some  of  the  con 
tractors  having  failed  to  fulfill  their  obligations  to  the  State  and  stopped 
work,  the  Inspector  cooperated  with  the  Keeper  in  securing  a  contract  with 
a  single  responsible  party  for  the  labor  of  all  the  prisoners  now  employed  in 
shoe- making,  excepting  those  making  shoes  for  prison  use.  Another  party 
contracts  for  the  labor  of  a  portion  of  the  prisoners  in  chain-making.  The 
remainder  of  those  able  to  work  are  employed  in  cane-seating,  or  in  work  for 
the  prison.  The  amount  appropriated  by  the  last  Legislature  for  books  for 
the  Prison  Library  was  expended,  and  the  books  are  in  use,  and  with  mani 
fest  good  effect.  The  Inspectors  assert  that  the  indiscriminate  mingling  of 
convicts  is  subversive  of  discipline  and  the  proper  training  of  the  prisoners. 

State  Lunatic  Asylum,  Trenton.  H.  A.  BUTTOLPH,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  of 
patients  in  asylum  November  30,  1866— males,  205 ;  females,  204;  total,  40',).  Received  during 
the  year — males,  85:  females.  127;  total,  212.  Discharged — recovered,  72 ;  improved,  54 ;  unim 
proved.  8;  died.  37;  total,  171.  Remaining  November  30,  1867— males,  200;  females,  250;  total, 
450.  Of  this  number  there  are— private,  91 ;  county,  359 ;  total,  450.  Whole  number  of  cases 
received  and  treated  from  opening  of  the  Asylum,  1848— males,  1,415;  females,  1,571 ;  total, 
2,986.  Discharged— recovered,  1,173;  improved.  818;  unimproved,  96 ;  escaped,  9;  not  insane, 
4;  died,  436;  total,  2,536. 

New  Jersey  Home  for  Disabled  Soldiers,  Newark.  WM.  WAKENSHAW,  Superin 
tendent.  Total  number  of  beneficiaries  received  during  the  year,  502.  Discharged,  245 ;  ex- 


410  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

pelled,  23 ;  died,  18 ;  absented,  39 ;  suspended,  4 ;  sent  to  National  Asylum,  16 ;  total,  345.  Num 
ber  qf  beneficiaries  December  1,  1SG7,  157. 

Soldiers'  Children's  Home,  Trenton.  MRS.  W.  L.  DAYTON,  President.  Number  of  in 
mates  December  1,  1867— males,  82;  females,  57;  total,  1.39.  Of  these,  12  are  entire  orphans; 
12  have  both  parents ;  107  only  mothers  living ;  8  only  fathers,  who  are  disabled. 

State  Reform  School,  Jamesburg.  LUTHEU  H.  SHELDON,  Superintendent.  Number  of 
boys  committed  from  July,  1867,  to  December,  1867,  26.  Age— 9  years,  2;  10  years,  4;  11  years, 
5;  12  years,  4;  13  years,  3;  14  years,  4  ;  16  years,  2 ;  18  years,  1 ;  total,  26.  Cause  of  commit 
ment—larceny,  12;  insubordination  and  vagrancy,  11 ;  arson,  3;  total,  26. 

State  Prison,  Trenton.  PETER  P.  ROBINSON,  Keeper.  Number  in  confinement  November 
30,  1S66,  543.  Received  during  the  year,  342.  Discharged— expiration  of  sentence,  132;  par 
doned,  195 ;  died,  8 ;  total,  338.  Remaining  in  confinement  November  30,  1867,  550.  Of  these, 
there  are — white  males,  449 ;  white  females,  26 ;  colored  males,  67 ;  colored  females,  8.  Term 
of  sentence— 1  year  and  less,  107;  from  1  to  3  years,  136;  3  to  5  years,  130;  5  to  10  years,  118; 
10  to  30  years,  56 ;  for  life,  3 ;  total,  550.  Nativity— Americans,  357 ;  foreigners,  193 ;  total,  550. 
Age— 20  and  under,  106 ;  20  to  25,  150 ;  25  to  30,  127 ;  30  to  40,  79 ;  40  to  50,  53 ;  50  to  60,  17 ;  60  to 
80,  9 ;  total,  550. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  New  Jersey  at  each  decennial  period  was  as  follows : 


1790. 

White. 

169,954  

Free  Colored. 
2,762  

Slave.. 

11,423  

Total. 

....184,139  

Inc.  per  sen:. 

1800. 

195,125  

4,402  

12,422  

....211,949  

15.10 

1810  
1820  
1830 

226,861  
257,409  
300  266 

7,843  
12,460  
18303 

10,851  
7,557  
2,254 

245,555  
....277,426  
320,823.. 

15.85 
13.04 
.  15.58 

1840 

351,588  ...    . 

21,044  

674  

....373,306  

16.36 

1850 

465  509 

23  810 

236 

489,555.. 

.31.14 

1860 

646,699  

25,318  

18  

....672,035  

37.27 

1865.  .  . 

...773,700.... 

...15.11 

The  situation  of  this  state,  the  characteristics  of  its  soil,  and  its  proximity 
to  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  have  contributed  to  increase  the  value  of  its 
improved  lands  for  agricultural  purposes.  In  garden  products,  and  in  smaller 
fruits,  it  ranks  as  one  of  the  first  states  in  the  Union.  Great  improvements 
have  been  made  of  late  in  the  system  of  agriculture,  and  considerable  atten 
tion  has  been  given  to  draining  and  reclaiming  the  extensive  marshes  in  the 
state.  In  minerals,  the  products  of  iron  or  zinc  ore  and  marls  have  become 
an  important  source  of  wealth.  The  zinc  mines  yield  more  than  half  the 
product  of  the  United  States,  and  more  than  all  the  mines  of  Great  Britain. 
In  1860,  it  ranked  as  the  third  state  in  the  production  of  bar  and  rolled  iron, 
and  the  value  of  iron  founding.  Its  manufactures  are  rapidly  increasing. 

Products.  We  take  the  principal  products  for  1867  from  the  Lecture  of  Prof.  Cook  of  the 
Agricultural  College,  as  follows:  Bushels  of  wheat,  1,763,218;  rye,  1,439,497;  corn,  9,723,336 ; 
oats,  4,539,132 ;  buckwheat,  877,386 ;  potatoes,  4,171,690;  sweet  potatoes,  1,034,832;  pounds  of 
butter,  10,714,447 ;  tons  of  hay,  508,726 ;  value  of  orchard  products,  $429,402 ;  market  garden 
products,  $1,541,995;  of  slaughtered  amimals,  $4,120,276.  Acres  in  farms — improved,  1,944,441 ; 
unimproved,  1,039,084;  cash  value  of  farms,  $180,250,338 ;  value  per  acre,  $6.04 ;  of  live  stock, 
$16,134,693.  Mining  products— tons  of  iron  ore,  275,064;  zinc  ore,  24,456;  marl,  126,740.  In 
1860,  the  products  of  manufacture  in  New  Jersey  were  valued  at  $81,000,000. 

Banks.    There  are  54  National  Banks,  with  capital  paid  in  of  $11,583,450. 

Railroads.  There  were  in  1864,  26  companies  and  864  miles  of  railroad,  costing  $38,892,000. 
In  1867,  there  were  transported  on  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad  and  Transportation  Com 
pany,  539,688  tons  freight,  besides  40,667  tons  coal ;  and  on  the  Delaware  and  Raritan  Canals, 
1,888,968  tons  coal ;  2,636,738  cubic  feet  of  timber,  20,348,288  feet  of  lumber ;  2,605,012  bushela 
grain  and  feed ;  55,630  tons  iron ;  and  365,751  tons  merchandise. 


1869.]  NEW  YORK.  4U 

25.    NEW  YORK. 

Capital,  Albany.  Area,  47,000  square  miles.  Population,  (1863),  3,880,735. 
New  York  was  settled  at  New  York  and  Albany  in  1613  and  1614  by  the 
Dutch,  was  ceded  to  the  English  in  1664,  retaken  by  the  Dutch  in  1673,  and 
restored  to  the  English  at  the  treaty  of  Westminster  in  1674.  It  was  one  of 
the  original  thirteen  states,  framed  a  constitution  in  1777,  and  ratified  the 
United  States  Constitution,  July  26,  1788.  The  state  constitution  has  been 
amended  several  times.  In  1868,  a  constitutional  convention  was  held,  and 
a  new  constitution  adopted,  but  this  has  not  been  submitted  to  the  people 
for  ratification.  * 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JOHN  T.  HOFFMAN New  York $4,000 

Lieutenant  Governor ALLEN  C.  BEACH Watertown $G.OO  per  day. 

Secretary  of  State HOMER  A.  NELSON Poughkcepsie $2,500 

Comptroller WILLIAM  F.  ALLEN New  York 2,500 

Treasurer WHEELER  H.  BRISTOL Owego 2,500 

Attorney  General M.  B.  CHAMPLAIN Cuba 2,500 

State  Engineer  and  Surveyor VAN  RENSSELAER  RICHMOND.  .  .Lyons 2,500 

Supt.  Public  Instruction ALVAN  B.  WEAVER Utica 2,500 

Supl.  Banking  Department GEORGE  W.  SCHUTLER Ithaca 5,000 

Supt.  Insurance  Department WM.  BARNES Albany 5,000 

Canal  Auditor JAMES  A.  BELL 2,500 

Canal  Commissioners STEPHEN  T.  HAYT  (1  year) Corning 2,000 

JOHN  D.  FAY  (2  years) Rochester 2,000 

OLIVER  BASCOM  (3  years) Whitehall 2,000 

Inspectors  of  State  Prisons JOHN  HAMMOND  (1  year) Crown  Point 1,000 

SOLOMON  SCHEU  (2  years) Buffalo 1,600 

DAVID  B.  McNEiL  (3  years) Auburn 2,000 

Canal  Appraisers BEMAN  BROCKWAY Watertown 2,COD 

ELIJAH  P.  BROOKS Ehnira 2,000 

WILLIAM  WASSON Auburn 2,000 

GOVERNOR'S  STAFF. 

Adjutant  General,  Franklin  Townsend ;  Inspector  General,  James  McQuade ;  General  of  Ord 
nance,  Wm.  H.  Morris  ;  Engineer  in  Chief,  Wm.  M.  Tweed,  Jr. ;  Judge-Advocate  General,  Jas.  B. 
Craig ;  Surgeon  General,  Jacob  S.  Mosher ;  Quartermaster  General,  C.  Fitch  Bissell ;  Paymaster 
General,  George  J.  Magee ;  Commissary  General,  William  Seebach ;  Aides  >  Colonels  Robert 
Lenox  Banks,  Walter  P.  Warreii,  J.  Townsend  Connolly,  Wm.  F.  Moller,  William  Kidd. 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Comptroller,  Treas 
urer,  Attorney  General,  State  Engineer  and  Surveyor,  are  elected  by  the  peo 
ple,  by  a  plurality  vote,  for  two  years ;  the  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor 
on  one  year,  and  the  other  officers  on  alternate  years.  The  Canal  Commis 
sioners  and  Inspectors  of  State  Prisons  are  elected  for  three  years,  one  each 
year.  The  Canal  Appraisers  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  Senate  for 
three  years,  and  hold  office  until  their  successors  are-  qualified.  The  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction  is  elected  by  the  Legislature  for  three  years. 
The  Superintendent  of  the  Banking  Department  and  the  Auditor  of  the 
Canal  Department  are  appointed  by  the  Governor  with  the  advice  and  con 
sent  of  the  Senate,  for  three  years.  The  Adjutant  General  and  other  officers 
of  his  military  staff,  are  appointed  by  the  Governor. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  Senate  and  Assembly.  The  Senate 
consists  of  thirty-two  members,  who  are  elected  for  two  years,  one  from  each 


412  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER  [18C9. 

senatorial  district.  The  Assembly  consists  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
members,  elected  annually,  one  from  each  Assembly  district.  The  pay  of 
Senators  and  Members  of  Assembly  is  $3.00  per  day  for  not  over  100  days, 
and  $1.00  for  every  ten  miles  travel. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Court  for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments  is  composed  of  the  President  of 
the  Senate  (who  is  president  of  the  court,  and  when  absent  the  chief  judge 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  presides),  the  Senators,  or  the  major  part  of  them, 
and  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  or  the  greater  part  of  them.  It  is 
a  court  of  record,  and,  when  summoned,  meets  at  Albany,  and  has  for  its 
clerk  and  officers  the  clerk  and  officers  of  the  Senate. 

The  Court  of  Appeals  has  full  power  to  correct  and  reverse  all  proceedings 
and  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court.  It  is  composed  of  eight  judges,  of 
whom  four  are  elected  (one  every  second  year)  by  the  people  at  large,  for 
eight  years,  and  four  selected  each  year  from  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  having  the  shortest  time  to  serve.  These  selections  are  made  alter 
nately  from  the  First,  Third,  Fifth,  and  Seventh,  and  from  the  Second,  Fourth, 
Sixth,  and  Eighth  Judicial  Districts.  The  Judge  (of  the  four  chosen  at 
large)  whose  term  first  expires,  presides  as  Chief  Judge.  Six  Judges  consti 
tute  a  quorum.  Every  cause  must  be  decided  within  the  year  in  which  it  is 
argued,  and,  unless  reargued,  before  the  close  of  the  term  after  the  argument. 

The  Supreme  Court  has  general  jurisdiction  in  law  and  equity,  and  power 
to  review  judgments  of  the  County  Courts,  and  of  the  old  Courts  of  Com 
mon  Pleas.  For  the  election  of  the  Justices,  the  state  is  divided  into  eight 
judicial  districts,  the  first  of  which  elects  five,  and  all  the  others  four,  to 
serve  eight  years.  In  each  district  one  Justice  goes  out  of  office  every  two 
years.  The  Justice  in  each  district  whose  term  first  expires,  and  who  is  not 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  is  a  Presiding  Justice  of  the  court,  and  the 
clerks  of  the  several  counties  serve  as  clerks. 

The  County  Courts  are  always  open  for  the  transaction  of  any  business  for 
which  no  notice  is  required  to  be  given  to  an  opposing  party.  At  least  two 
terms  in  each  county  for  the  trial  of  issues  of  law  or  fact,  and  as  many  more 
as  the  County  Judge  shall  appoint,  shall  be  held  in  each  year. 

County  Judges  are  elected  for  four  years ;  they  are  vested  with  the  powers 
of  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  at  Chambers,  are  members  of  Courts  of 
Oyer  and  Terminer,  and,  with  two  Justices  of  the  Peace,  constitute  Courts 
of  Sessions. 

The  Criminal  Courts  are  the  Courts  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  and  the  Courts 
of  Sessions.  The  Courts  of  Oyer  and  Terminer  in  each  county,  except  in  the 
city  and  county  of  NewT  York,  are  composed  of  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  who  presides,  the  County  Judge,  and  the  two  Justices  of  the  Peace 
chosen  members  of  the  Court  of  Sessions.  The  Presiding  Justice  and  any 
two  of  the  others  form  a  quorum.  In  the  city  and  county  of  New  York  they 
are  held  by  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  alone.  These  courts  are  all  held 
at  the  same  time  and  place  at  which  the  Circuit  Courts  are  held.  Courts  of 


1869.]  NEW  YORK.  413 

Sessions,  except  in  the  city  of  New  York,  are  composed  of  the  County  Judge 
and  the  two  Justices  of  the  Peace  designated  as  members  of  the  Court  of 
Sessions,  arid  are  held  at  the  same  time  and  place  as  the  County  Courts. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  Nelson ;  District  Judge — Northern  District,  Nathan  K.  Hall ;  Southern 
District,  Samuel  Blatchford ;  Eastern  District,  Charles  L.  Benedict ;  District  Attorney — NortJiern 
District.  William  Dorshcimer ;  Southern  District,  Samuel  G.  Courtney ;  Eastern  District,  B.  F. 
Tracy ;  Marshal — Northern  District,  Edward  Dodd  ;  Southern  District,  Robert  Murray  ;  Eastern 
Disti-ict,  F.  L.  Ballon ;  Clerk  Circuit  Court— Northern  District,  P.  A.  Boycc ;  Southern  District, 
Kenneth  G.  White ;  Eastern  District,  Charles  W.  Newton  ;  Clerk  District  Court— Northern  Dis 
trict,  George  Gorham ;  Southern  District,  George  F.  Betts ;  Eastern  District,  Samuel  T.  Jones. 

THE  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

Judges.  Charles  Mason,  Hamilton;  Lewis  B.  Woodruff,  New  York;  Ward  Hunt,  TItica; 
Martin  Grover,  Angelica ;  John  A.  Lott,  Brooklyn ;  Amaziah  B.  James,  Ogdensburgh ;  William 
Murray,  Jr.,  Delhi;  Charles  Daniels,  Buffalo. 

SUPREME  AND  CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

First  District,  Geo.  G.  Barnard,  Thomas  W.  Clerke,  Josiah  Sutherland,  Daniel  P.  Ingraham, 
Albert  Cardozo,  all  of  New  York ;  Second  District,  John  A.  Lott,  Brooklyn  ;  Joseph  F.  Barnard, 
Poughkeepsie ;  Jasper  W.  Gilbert,  Brooklyn ;  Abraham  B.  Tappan,  Fordham.  Third  District, 
Theodore  Miller,  Hudson  ;  Charles  R.  Ingalls,  Troy ;  Henry  Hogeboom,  Hudson  ;  Rufus  W. 
Peckham,  Albany.  Fourth  District,  Amaziah  B.  James,  Ogdensburgh ;  Enoch  II.  Rosecrans, 
Glen's  Falls  ;  Platt  Potter,  Schenectady ;  Augustus  Bockes,  Saratoga  Springs.  Fifth  District, 
William  J.  Bacon,  Utica;  Henry  A.  Foster,  Oswego ;  Joseph  Mullin,  Watertown  ;  Leroy  Mor 
gan,  Syracuse.  Sixth  District.  William  Murray,  Jr.,  Delhi;  Ransom  Balcom,  Binghamton ; 
Douglas  Boardman,  Ithaca;  John  M.  Parker,  Owego.  Seventh  District,  Charles  C.  Dwight, 
Auburn;  E.  Darwin  Smith,  Rochester;  Thomas  A.  Johnson,  Corning;  James  C.  Smith,  Canan- 
daigua.  Eighth  District,  Charles  Daniels,  Buffalo ;  Richard  P.  Marvin,  Jamestown ;  George 
D.  Lamont,  Lockport ;  George  Barker,  Fredonia.  Salaries,  $3,500  each. 

TERMS  OF  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

Four  terms  must  be  held  each  year,  and  every  two  years  there  must  be  one  term  in  each  ju 
dicial  district.  The  court  holds  four  argument  terms  each  year,  at  the  capitol,  in  the  city  of 
Albany,  namely,  on  the  1st  Tuesday  of  January,  4th  Tuesday  of  March,  3d  Tuesday  of  June,  and 
last  Tuesday  of  September. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  AND  CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

At  least  four  general  terms  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  held  in  each  district  every  year.  Every 
county  has  each  year  at  least  one  special  term  and  two  Circuit  Courts.  Any  three  or  more  of 
the  Justices  (including  one  Presiding  Justice)  hold  the  general  terms  ;  and  any  one  or  more  hold 
the  special  terms,  at  which  are  heard  all  equity  cases,  and  Circuit  Courts,  which  are  held  exclu 
sively  for  the  trial  of  issues  of  fact. 

FINANCES. 

Deficiency  in  the  revenue,  Sept,  30,  1867,  -      $2,860,586.38 

Payments  of  the  year  on  account  of  General  Fund,  -        -  10,208,198.46 


Total, $13,068,784.84 

Receipts  on  account  of  General  Fund, 10,112,331.30 

Deficiency  of  the  revenue,  Sept.  30,  1868,     -  $2,956,453.54 

There  was  due  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  from  the  City  of  New  York, 
$4,530,014.17,  of  which  $4,000,000  has  since  been  paid,  making  up  the  above 
deficiency,  and  leaving  a  large  surplus. 


414  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

GENERAL  AND  OTHER  FUNDS. 
Receipts  of  the  year  on  account  of  all  the  funds  except  the 

Canal  and  Free  School  Fund,  $16,003,178.53 

Balance  due  the  Treasury,  Sept.  30,  1867,          -        $350,009.58 
Payments  of  year,  -        $14,904,647.54  15,254,657.12 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  Sept.  30,  1868,    -  $748,521.41 

The  State  Tax  levied  in  1868,  for  various  purposes,  amounted  to  $10,- 
243,317.01. 

STATE  DEBT. 

On  the  30th  of  September,  1868,  the  total  funded  debt  was  $44,968,786.40, 
classified  as  follows : 

General  Fund  Debt $4,707,820.40 

Contingent (38,000.00 

Canal 14,249,000.00 

Bounty 25,943,000.00 

Total $44,908,786.40 

The  following  statement  shows  the  amount  of  the  State  Debt,  Sept.  30, 
1 868,  after  deducting  the  unapplied  Balance  of  the  Sinking  Fund  at  that 
date: 

Debt  on  Balance  of  the  Balance  of  debt  after 

Sept.  30,  1808.  Sinking  Funds.  applying  Sinking  Funds. 

General  Fund $4,707,826.40 *$153,178.54 $4,554,647.86 

Contingent 68,000.00 15,517.82 52,482.18 

Canal 14,249,960.00 4,017,232.43 10,232,727.57 

Bounty 25,943.000.00 +1,918,408.87 24,024,591.13 

Total $44,968,786.40 $6,104,337.66 $38,864,448.74 

CANAL  FUND. 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  and  invested,  Oct.  1, 1867 $3,840,935.66 

Received  during  the  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  1868 5,681,226.11 

Total $9,522,161.77 

Paid  during  the  year 4,823,239.33 

Leaving  a  balance,  Sept.  30, 1868 $4,698,922.44 

CANAL  DEBT  PAYING  INTEREST,  SEPT.  30,  1868. 

Principal.  Annual  Interest  of. 

Under  Art.  7,  Sec.  1,  of  the  Constitution $2,230,700.00 $111,535.00 

Under  Art.  7,  Sec.  3,  of  the  Constitution 10,324,100.00 619,196.00 

Under  Art.  7,  Sec.  12,  of  the  Constitution 1,685,000.00 101,100.00 

Total $14,239,800.00 $831,831.00 

EDUCATION. 

The  institutions  of  higher  education  in  this  state  are  mostly  under  the 
general  supervision  of  a  board  styled  "  The  Regents  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York."  The  Board  consists  of  the  Governor,  the  Lieutenant 
Governor,  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc 
tion,  as  ex-officio  members,  and  of  nineteen  other  persons  chosen  by  the  Leg 
islature  in  the  same  manner  as  Senators  in  Congress,  The  officers  of  the 

*  Includes  $350,000  due  Oct.  1, 1868,  and  since  paid. 

t  Deducting  interest  accrued  to  Oct.  1,  1868,  payable  Jan.  1, 1869. 


1SG9.]  NEW  YORK.  4^5 

Regents  are  a  Chancellor,  a  Vice-Chancellor,  a  Treasurer,  a  Secretary  and  an 
Assistant  Secretary,  who  are  appointed  by  the  Board,  and  who  hold  their 
offices  at  its  pleasure.  The  leading  duties  with  which  the  Regents  are 
charged,  are  the  incorporation  of  colleges,  academies  and  other  institutions 
of  learning,  under  such  general  rules  and  regulations  as  they  may  from  time 
to  time  establish,  and  the  visitation  and  general  supervision  of  all  colleges 
and  academies. 

The  Regents  are  the  Trustees  of  the  State  Library,  the  Trustees  of  the 
State  Cabinet  of  Natural  History,  and  the  Historical  and  Antiquarian  Collec 
tion  connected  therewith.  They  annually  apportion  among  the  academies 
the  sum  of  $40,000  from  the  income  of  the  Literature  Fund ;  also  the  sum 
of  $18,000,  or  thereabouts,  to  academies  appointed  to  instruct  classes  in  the 
science  of  common  school  teaching ;  and  $3,000  to  academies  which  shall 
have  raised  an  equal  amount,  for  the  purchase  of  books  and  philosophical 
and  chemical  apparatus. 

An  organization  consisting  of  the  officers  of  colleges  and  academies,  sub 
ject  to  the  visitation  of  the  Board,  and  called  "  The  University  Convocation 
of  the  State  of  New  York,"  holds  an  annual  session  at  Albany,  commencing 
on  the  first  Tuesday  in  August. 

There  are  in  the  state  23  colleges,  the  oldest,  Columbia  College,  having 
been  incorporated  by  the  colonial  government  in  1754.  This  college  has,  in 
addition  to  its  academical  department,  a  Law  Department,  and  a  School  of 
Mines.  The  University  of  the  City  of  New  York  has  schools  of  Art ;  of  Civil 
Engineering  and  Architecture ;  of  Analytical  and  Practical  Chemistry,  and 
of  Law. 

Cornell  University,  at  Ithaca,  incorporated  in  1865,  and  opened  to  students 
in  1868,  has  been  liberally  endowed  by  Mr.  Ezra  Cornell.  It  has  also  re 
ceived  the  donation  of  land  scrip  made  to  this  state  by  the  general  Govern 
ment  to  found  an  agricultural  college.  In  its  plan  and  object,  it  combines 
the  advantages  of  a  university  with  the  practical  benefits  of  a  school  of 
science  and  art. 

Rutger's  Female  College,  in  New  York  City,  provides  a  thorough  collegiate 
course  of  instruction,  surpassing  even  many  colleges  for  young  men. 

Vassar  College,  at  Poughkeepsie ;  The  Packer  Collegiate  Institute,  Brook 
lyn  ;  and  other  institutions  for  young  ladies,  offer  every  facility  desired  for 
complete  education. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  has  the  general  supervision  of 
Public  Schools  in  the  state.  School  Commissioners  in  the  different  counties, 
city  and  town  superintendents  in  the  principal  cities  and  towns,  and  trustees 
in  the  school  districts,  exercise  a  local  supervision  over  the  schools  in  their 
respective  localities.  Great  improvements  have  been  made  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  state.  The  schools  were  made  free  in  1867.  There  are  four 
State  Normal  Schools  in  successful  operation,  and  four  others  have  been  au 
thorized  by  law.  The  State  Normal  and  Training  School  at  Oswego  has 
been  distinguished  for  its  influence  in  introducing  special  methods  of  pri 
mary  instruction,  known  as  Object  Teaching.  During  the  year  1867-68, 


416  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

eighty-one  academies  instructed  teachers'  classes  in  the  science  of  common 
school  teaching  and  government,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Regents  of  the 
University.  Teachers'  Institutes  are  held  in  nearly  all  the  counties,  princi 
pally  under  the  direction  of  the  County  Commissioners. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  children  reported,  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21  yeara,  in  1867 
—in  cities,  531,379,  rural  districts,  845,603,  total,  1,376,982;  number  of  children  reported  as  at 
tending  school  during  some  portion  of  the  year,  949,203 ;  whole  number  of  days'  attendance  at 
school,  of  all  children— in  cities,  34,432,493,  in  rural  districts,  42,167,400,  total,  76,599,992;  aver 
age  daily  attendance— in  cities,  164,565,  in  rural  districts,  255,392,  total,  419,957;  average  time 
schools  were  in  session  was— in  rural  districts,  30  weeks  and  3  days,  in  cities,  41  weeks  and  4 
days;  whole  number  of  teachers  employed  was — male,  5,271,  female,  21,218,  total,  26,489:  num 
ber  reported  as  "employed  at  the  same  time  for  28  weeks  or  more" — in  cities,  3,568,  in  rural 
districts,  12.040,  total,  15.608;  amount  expended  for  teachers'  wages— in  cities,  $2,217,028.94,  in 
rural  districts,  $2,609,442.70,  total,  $4,826,471.64;  average  annual  salaries  of  teachers— in  cities, 
$621.36,  in  rural  districts,  $216.73;  average  weekly  wages  of  teachers— in  cities,  $14.76,  in  rural 
districts,  $7.57;  amount  raised  for  school  purposes  by  local  taxation  during  the  year — in  cities, 
$3,719,142.46,  in  rural  districts,  $1,382,612.07,  total,  $5,101,754.53— if  to  this  be  added  for  the 
rural  districts  the  amount  raised  by  rate  bill,  and  the  estimated  value  of  board  of  teachers  who 
boarded  round,  the  amount  for  those  districts  will  be  $2,618,265.52.  Balance  in  treasury,  Sept. 
30, 1866,  $89,144.98;  from  the  fund  proper,  $121,012.78;  from  the  U.  S.  Deposit  Fund,  $165,000; 
interest  on  money  in  treasury,  $62,809.06,  total,  $437,966.82;  paid  during  year,  $343,806.80;  bal 
ance  in  treasury,  Sept.  30, 1867,  $94,160.02.  Amount  of  school  money  for  school  year  of  1867-8— 
from  Common  School  Fund,  $155,000 ;  from  U.  S.  Deposit  Fund,  $165,000 ;  from  State  School  tax, 
$2,080,134.65;  total,  $2,400,134.65.  The  money  is  apportioned  as  follows— for  salaries  of  School 
Commissioners,  $89,600 ;  for  libraries,  $55,000 ;  for  Indian  schools,  $2,951 ;  for  district  quotas, 
$743,994.80 ;  for  pupil  and  average  attendance  quotas,  $1,488,088.85 ;  for  and  on  account  of  super 
vision  in  cities,  $18,500 ;  for  separate  neighborhoods,  from  Contingent  Fund,  $71 ;  total,  $2,- 
398,205.65;  balance  of,  Contingent  Fund,  $1,929;  total,  $2,400,134.65 ;  whole  expense  of  main 
taining  the  schools  during  the  year— in  cities,  $3,992,893.20 ;  in  rural  districts,  $3,690,308.02 ; 
total,  $7,6a3,201.22;  increase  for  the  year,  $1,050,265.28. 

Private  Schools.  Number  private  schools  reported,  1,433;  number  attending,  72,201; 
number  attending  academies,  34,661 ;  average  aggregate  attendance  for  each  term,  during  the 
year,  20,724  ;  number  academic  students,  11,430;  number  in  preparatory  departments,  23,231 ; 
number  pupils  in  colleges,  2,100;  common  schools,  949,203;  total  number  of  students,  1,058,165. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

A  liberal  and  humane  policy  in  relieving  the  subjects  of  misfortune  and 
affliction  has  prevailed  in  this  state  from  an  early  period  of  its  history. 
Through  legislative  action  and  the  various  channels  of  private  benevolence, 
the  means  and  facilities  have  constantly  been  multiplying  for  providing  for 
the  wants  of  the  hapless  and  destitute  in  all  the  departments  of  public  char 
ity.  The  institutions  already  in  operation  for  the  treatment  of  the  blind,  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  and  the  idiotic,  and  those  of  a  reformatory  character,  are 
fulfilling  the  just  expectations  of  the  state,  and  producing  the  beneficial  re 
sults  contemplated,  and  others  have  been  established  and  will  soon  be  pre 
pared  to  furnish  additional  accommodations  for  the.  unfortunate. 

A  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Public  State  Charities,  with  powers  of  visi 
tation  and  supervision,  is  appointed  by  the  Governor.  The  N.  Y.  Institution 
for  the  Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  founded  in  1818,  is  one  of  the 
largest  of  its  character  in  the  world.  It  has  maintained  a  high  position  as 
a  school  for  deaf  mutes,  and  its  pupils  have  increased  nearly  40  per  cent,  in 
the  last  five  years.  Its  former  principal,  H.  P.  Peet,  LL.  D.,  who  had  con 
ducted  the  affairs  of  the  institution  for  nearly  37  years,  resigned  his  position 
in  1867,  and  his  son,  Isaac  L.  Peet,  A.  M.,  was  appointed  his  successor. 


1869.]  NEW  YOKK.  417 

The  Institution  for  the  Blind,  at  New  York,  founded  in  1831,  is  one  of  the 
largest  of  its  class.  Its  school  is  thoroughly  graded  with  a  regular  course 
of  instruction,  embracing  the  common  and  higher  branches  of  an  English 
education.  An  institution  for  the  blind  has  been  established  at  Batavia,  and 
tasteful  buildings  erected  for  its  use. 

The  Asylum  for  Idiots  was  removed  from  Albany,  in  1855,  to  Syracuse. 
It  has  extensive  grounds,  complete  apparatus,  and  facilities  for  its  work, 
which  have  been  very  successfully  employed  to  the  great  benefit  of  its  pupils. 

The  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  at  Utica,  which  was  opened  in  1843,  has  been 
overcrowded  for  several  years,  and  two  other  asylums  have  been  established, 
the  Willard  Asylum  at  Ovid,  and  the  Hudson  River  Asylum  at  Poughkeep- 
sie.  The  Bloomingdale  Asylum  is  a  department  of  the  New  York  Hospital 
in  New  York  City.  The  city  and  county  of  New  York  support  a  large  in 
sane  hospital  on  Blackwell's  Island,  the  Commissioners  of  Emigration  one  on 
Ward's  Island,  and  there  are  also  several  county  asylums.  There  are  private 
insane  hospitals  at  Flushing,  Hyde  Park  and  elsewhere.  There  is  also  an 
Asylum  for  insane  convicts  at  Auburn.  The  Inebriate  Asylum  at  Binghamp- 
ton  has  been  conveyed  to  the  state,  in  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  Legis 
lature.  It  has  been  quite  successful  in  reclaiming  the  unfortunate  class  com 
mitted  to  its  care. 

The  Western  House  of  Refuge  for  Juvenile  Delinquents,  at  Rochester,  has 
a  farm  of  42  acres  of  excellent  land  and  convenient  buildings,  but  no  provis 
ion  for  the  classification  of  the  inmates,  which  the  managers  deem  desirable. 
There  are  a  number  of  charitable  and  correctional  institutions  in  and  around 
New  York,  supported  chiefly  by  the  city. 

New  York  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  New  York. 
ISAAC  LEWIS  PEET,  A.  M.,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils,  Dec.  31,  1866 — males,  263;  females, 
171 ;  total,  434.  Admitted  during 'the  year— males,  33;  females,  38;  total,  71.  Left  during  the 
year,  including  1  death,  and  6  who  remained  but  a  short  time — males,  40 ;  females,  26 ;  total,  66. 
Number  of  pupils,  Dec.  31,  1867— males,  256;  females,  183;  total,  439. 

New  York  Asylum  for  Idiots.  H.  B.  WILBUR,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  of  pu 
pils,  140 ;  annual  state  appropriation,  $25,000 ;  income  from  pay  pupils,  $4,000 ;  from  counties 
for  clothing  state  pupils,  $2,400 ;  annual  expenses,  $31,500 ;  cost  of  building,  grounds  and  fur 
niture,  $100,000. 

New  York  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  ITtica.  JOHN  P.  GRAY,  Superintendent.  Number 
Of  patients,  Nov.  30, 1866— males,  320;  females,  321 ;  total,  641.  Admitted  during  the  year— 
males,  221;  females,  180;  total,  401.  Discharged— recovered,  159 ;  improved,  58;  unimproved, 
164;  not  insane,  7;  died,  51 ;  total,  439.  Remaining,  Nov.  30,  1867— males,  310;  females,  293; 
total,  603.  Age  of  those  admitted— from  10  to  20,  33 ;  20  to  30, 116 ;  30  to  40,  78 ;  40  to  50, 75 ;  50 
to  60,  55 ;  60  to  70,  34 ;  70  to  80,  4 ;  total,  401.  Civil  condition— single,  160 ;  married,  215;  wid 
owed,  26.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity — ill  health,  161 ;  vicious  habits,  48 ;  puerperal,  14 ;  mens 
trual  irregularities,  11 ;  phthisis  pulmonalis,  17 ;  intemperance,  25 ;  injury  to  head,  12 ;  epi 
lepsy,  7 ;  change  of  life,  6 ;  imbeciles,  6;  not  insane,  6;  miscellaneous  and  unascertained,  88; 
total.  401.  Occupation — farmers,  84;  laborers,  33;  housekeepers,  105;  housework,  43;  mer 
chants,  8 ;  teachers,  9 ;  carpenters,  8  ;  servants,  6 ;  painters,  5 ;  lawyers,  4 ;  shoemakers,  4 ; 
seamstresses,  4 ;  clerks,  5;  miscellaneous  and  no  occupation,  84 ;  total,  401.  Nativity — New 
York,  245 ;  other  states,  41 ;  foreign  countries,  115.  Total  number  of  admissions  since  opening 
of  asylum,  in  1843,  8,380.  Discharged— recovered,  3,259 ;  improved,  1,237;  unimproved,  2,178; 
died,  1,010;  not  insane,  87;  total,  7,777. 

Kings  County  Lunatic  Asylum,  Flatbush.  EDWARD  R.  CHAPIN,  M.  D.,  Resident  Phy 
sician.  Patients  in  Asylum,  Aug.  1, 1866— males,  197 ;  females,  273 ;  total,  470.  Admitted  dur 
ing  the  year — males,  115;  females,  116;  total,  231.  Discharged — recovered,  84  ;  improved.  40; 
unimproved,  9 ;  died,  52 ;  total,  185.  Remaining,  Aug.  1, 1867— males,  211 ;  females,  305 ;  total, 


418  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

516.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity— intemperance,  20 ;  ill  health,  29 ;  puerperal,  12 ;  epilepsy,  18 ; 
paralysis,  53;  loss  of  friends,  9;  business  perplexities,  5 ;  exposure,  5;  religious  excitement,  6 ; 
vicious  habits,  12;  imbecile.  15;  periodical,  2(5;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  63;  total,  231. 
Nativity — American,  79 ;  foreigners,  152.  Civil  condition  of  those  admitted  since  1858 — single, 
806;  married,  1,062;  unknown,  45;  total,  1,913. 

New  York  State  Inebriate  Asylum,  Binghampton.  ALBERT  DAY,  M.  D.,  Superin 
tendent.  There  were  admitted  during  the  year  1867,80  patients— from  New  York,  42 ;  other 
states,  38.  Average  age,  31.  Civil  condition— married,  35 ;  single,  45.  Discharged,  40.  Re 
maining,  Dec.  31,  1867,  40. 

Western  House  of  Refuge, Rochester.  SAMUEL  S.  WORD,  Superintendent.  Number  in 
institution,  Jan.  1,  1867,  510.  Number  received,  226.  There  were  discharged — to  parents,  212; 
to  situations  for  work,  58;  died,  7;  escaped,  12.  Remaining,  Jan.  1, 1868,  448.  Age— 10  years 
and  less,  23;  11  years,  19;  12  years,  44;  13  years,  29;  14  years,  25;  15  years,  37;  16  years,  19; 
between  17  and  20,8.  Parentage— American,  70;  foreign,  134.  Crimes— petit  larceny,  151 ; 
grand  larceny,  19  ;  burglary,  12 ;  vagrancy,  11 ;  assault,  4 ;  miscellaneous,  7.  Whole  number  re 
ceived  since  opening  of  institution  in  1849,  2,827. 

STATE  PRISONS. 

The  State  Prisons  at  Sing  Sing,  Auburn  and  Clinton  seem  to  have  been 
managed  so  as  to  give  general  satisfaction.  The  expenditures  for  1867  were 
about  $170,000  more  than  the  receipts.  The  new  constitution  materially 
changed  the  system  of  control  of  State  Prisons,  abolished  the  office  of  In 
spector,  and  provided  for  a  board  of  five  persons  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Governor  and  Senate,  and  to  hold  office  10  years. 

State  Prison,  Sing  Sing.  S.  H.  JOHNSON,  Agent  and  Warden.  Number  of  convicts,  Sept. 
30.  1866— males,  1,202;  females,  164;  total,  1,366;  number  received  during  the  year— males,  597; 
females,  63;  total,  660;  number  discharged— males.  537;  females,  81;  total,  618;  number  died— 
males.  23;  females,  4;  total,  27;  number  remaining;  Sept.  30, 1867— males,  1,263;  females,  146; 
total.  1,409.  of  whom  there  were— natives— males,  670;  females.  67;  natives  of  other  countries 
—males,  593;  females,  79;  the  crimes  for  which  they  were  convicted  were— against  persons- 
males.  150;  females,  18;  against  property— males,  1,029;  females.  127;  against  property  and 
persons— males.  84 ;  females,  1.  In  their  habits  of  life,  there  were— temperate— males,  279; 
females.  75:  intemperate— males,  517;  females,  53;  moderate— males,  467;  females,  18.  Their 
ages  when  convicted  were— 14  years,  4;  15  years,  4;  16  years  and  less  than  20— males,  193;  fe 
males.  25;  20  years  and  less  than  30— males,  770;  females,  70;  30  years  and  less  than  40— males, 
187 ;  females,  37 ;  40  years  and  less  than  50— males.  72 ;  females,  11 ;  50  years  and  less  than  60— 
males,  24:  females,  2;  60  years  and  less  than  70— males,  6 ;  females,  1;  70  years  and  over,  3. 
The  terms  of  their  sentences  were — for  less  than  2  years — males,  70;  females,  16;  2  years  and 
less  than  3  years — males.  404  ;  females,  52;  3  years  and  less  than  4  years — males,  192;  females, 
21 ;  4  years  and  less  than  5  years — males,  130 ;  females,  12 ;  5  years  and  less  than  10  years — males, 
308 ;  females.  30 ;  10  years  and  less  than  20  years — males,  125 ;  females.  5 ;  20  years  and  less  than 
life — males.  12 ;  females,  1 ;  life — males,  19 ;  females,  9 ;  sentence  of  death — males,  3. 

State  Prison,  Auburn.  MORGAN  AUGSBURY,  Agent  and  Warden.  Number  of  convicts  in 
prison.  Sept.  30,  1866,  753;  number  received  during  the  year,  496;  number  discharged,  322; 
number  remaining  in  prison,  Sept.  30,  1867,  927;  of  whom  there  were— natives,  628;  natives  of 
other  countries,  299 ;  the  crimes  for  which  they  were  committed — against  person,  134 ;  against 
property.  674 ;  against  person  and  property,  82 ;  against  United  States  Government,  37 ;  in  their 
habits  of  life,  there  were— temperate,  199 ;  intemperate,  499 ;  moderate,  229 ;  in  their  social  re 
lations,  ihere  were— married,  261 ;  single,  666 ;  their  ages  when  convicted  were— 15  years,  2 ;  16 
years  and  less  than  20, 133 ;  20  years  and  less  than  25,  308 ;  25  years  and  less  than  30, 173 ;  30 
years  and  less  than  40, 175 ;  40  years  and  less  than  50,  96 ;  50  years  and  less  than  60,  27 ;  60  years 
and  less  than  70,  9 ;  70  years  and  over,  4 ;  the  terms  of  their  sentences  were— 1  year  and  less 
than  2,  92 ;  2  years  and  less  than  3, 244 ;  3  years  and  less  than  4, 148 ;  4  years  and  less  than  5, 105 ; 
5  years  and  less  than  10, 203 ;  10  years  and  less  than  20, 108 ;  20  years  and  less  than  30, 5 ;  30  years 
and  less  than  31, 1 ;  life,  21. 

State  Prison,  Clinton.  JOHN  PARKHURST,  Agent  and  Warden.  Number  of  convicts  in 
prison,  Sept.  30, 1866,  440;  number  received  during  the  year,  245 ;  number  discharged,  178 ;  num 
ber  remaining  in  prison,  Sept.  30,  1867,  507 ;  of  whom  there  were — natives,  339 ;  natives  of  other 
countries,  168 ;  the  crimes  for  which  they  were  committed  were — against  person,  92;  against 


1869.]  NEW  YORK.  419 

property.  410 ;  against  the  Government,  5 ;  in  their  habits  of  life  there  were— temperate,  140 ; 
intemperate,  172 ;  moderate.  195;  in  their  social  relations  there  were— married,  225;  single,  282; 
number  that  could  read  and  write,  361 ;  read  only,  92;  neither  read  nor  write,  54;  their  ages 
when  convicted  were— 14  years  and  less  than  20,  83 ;  20  years  and  less  than  30,  277 ;  30  years  and 
less  than  40.  87 ;  40  years  and  less  than  50,  40 ;  50  years  and  less  than  60, 15 ;  60  years  and  les* 
than  70,  3 ;  70  years  and  over,  2 ;  the  terms  of  their  sentences  were— 1  year  and  less  than  2,  54 ; 
2  years 'and  less  than  3, 144 ;  3  years  and  less  than  4,  89 ;  4  years  and  less  than  5,  44;  5  years  and 
less  than  10,  88 ;  10  years  and  less  than  15,  40 ;  15  years  and  less  than  21,  27 ;  life,  21. 

Amount  expended  for  all  purposes  at  the  several  prisons  during  the  year 
ending  Sept.  30,  1867. 

For  what  expended.  Sing  Sing.  Auburn.  Clinton. 

Salaries  of  officers $76,414.92 $56,683.36 $44,578.89 

Rations 108,477.87 65,300.40 44,008.93 

Stationery 1,095.49 1,024.07 408.12 

Discharged  convicts 1,539.02 1,928.04 1,586.75 

Furniture 675.10 153.25 559.55 

Hospital 2,303.46 1,568.87 307.09 

Clothing  and  bedding 31,845.09 20,613.63 17,496.34 

Building  and  repairs 11,187.01 4,806.24 150.49 

Oil,  fuel,  gas,  etc 10,319.48 7,686.24 2,352.98 

Hayand  grain 224.03 1,390.14 19.20 

Stock  and  materials 4,387.18 904.35 

Miscellaneous 11,118.75 4,262.34 6,259.87 

Manufacturing  purposes 189,606.61 

$255,200.22  $169,803.76  $308,239.17 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  the  state  at  different  periods  was  as  follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  Blares.  Total.  Inc.  percent. 

1790 314,142 4,654 21.324 340,120 

1800 556,039 10,374 20,343 586,756 72.51 

1810 918,699 25,333 15,017 959,049 63.45 

1820 1,332,744 29,279 10,088 1,372,111 43.14 

1830 1,873,663 44,870 75 1,918,608 J 

1840 2,378,890 50,027 4 2,428,921 

1850 3,048.325 49,069 3,097,394 27.53 

1860 3,831,730 49,005 3,880,735 25.29 

1865 3,831,777 *1.26 

The  rank  in  population  which  this  state  has  held  among  the  states,  was 
the  fifth  in  1790,  the  third  in  1800,  the  second  in  1810,  and  the  first  in  1820, 
and  ever  since.  The  yearly  arrivals  of  emigrants  at  the  port  of  New  York 
for  the  last  20  years,  were : 

1849 220,791  1854 319,223  1859 79,322  1864 225,216 

1850 212,603  1855 136,823  1860 105,162  1865 196,347 

1851 289,601  1856 142,342  1861 65,529  1866 233,398 

1852 300,992  1857 183.773  1862 76,306  1867 242,371 

1853 284,945  1858 78,589  1863 156,844  1868 213,686 

The  larger  numbers  were  from  England,  Germany  and  Ireland.  The  arrival 
from  these  countries,  the  last  three  years,  were : 

1866.  1867.  1868. 

Germany 106,716 117,591 101,989 

Ireland 68,047 65,137 47,571 

England 36,186 33,711 29,692 

*  Decrease, 


420  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

This  state  also  ranks  first  in  wealth.  Its  variety  of  soil  and  diversity  of 
climate  are  favorable  to  a  variety  of  agricultural  productions.  The  value 
of  its  annual  crop  of  oats,  barley,  potatoes  and  hay  is  greater  than  that  of 
any  other  state,  and  the  value  of  the  latter  product  is  more  than  twice  as 
great.  Large  quantities  of  wheat,  Indian  corn,  buckwheat,  rye  and  various 
fruits  and  vegetables  are  also  produced.  Its  manufactures  are  very  extensive, 
and  it  surpasses  every  other  state  in  the  amount  and  extent  of  its  commerce. 
During  the  year  1867,  the  receipts  for  customs  collected  at  the  port  of  New 
York  were  $114,035,984.  Seven-eighths  of  the  entire  tariff  revenue  of  the 
country  are  collected  at  the  New  York  custom  house. 

In  internal  improvements,  this  state  took  the  lead,  and  its  canals  and  rail 
roads  have  not  only  contributed  largely  to  its  own  wealth,  but  also  to  the 
wealth  and  industry  of  other  states.  The  value  of  articles  passing  over  the 
canals  in  1866,  was  $270,963,676,  and  68,375  tons  of  merchandise  went  to 
other  states,  by  wray  of  Buffalo.  The  principal  mineral  products  are  iron, 
salt  and  marble. 

(For  an  account  of  the  Population,  Wealth  and  Industry  of  New  York  City, 
see  under  that  head}. 

Agricultural  Products  in  1 866.  Corn,  22,809,893  bushels,  value,  $26,459,475 ;  wheat,  12.- 
556,406  bushels,  value,  $33,525,604;  rye,  5,309,874  bushels,  value,  $6,424,947;  oats,  54,029,350 
bushels,  value,  $32,957,903;  barley,  4,459,288  bushels,  value,  $4,726,845;  buckwheat,  6,476.597 
bushels,  value,  $5,958,469;  potatoes,  31,156,676  bushels,  value,  $21,498,106;  tobacco,  9,824,384 
pounds,  value,  $1,326,291 ;  hay,  4,759,516  tons,  value,  $77,008,969. 

Receipts  of  Lumber  by  canal  at  tide  water,  for  last  eix  years : 

Boards  and  Scantling— Feet.  Shingles— Thous.  Timber— cubic  feet.  Stares— Pounds 

1863 466,304,600 96,100 5,560,600 282,478,000 

1864 495,287,400 30,832 4,121,110 286,250,000 

1865 492,535,200 34,096 3,722,500 223,274,000 

1866 641,555,400 54,528 4,084,800 290,060,000 

1867 675,055,455 44,392 3,369,800 273,889,571 

1868 736,653,998 51,657 2,417,663 

Receipts  of  lumber  by  canals  at  Albany,  for  last  six  years : 

Boards  and  Scantling— Feet.  Shingles— Thous.  Timber — cubic  feet.  Stares— Founds. 

1863 243,611,500 .21,223 307,700 146,746,300 

1864 255,418,200 24,000 314,950 86,790,000 

-  1865 258,998,400 24,048 136,150 25,046,000 

1866 333,508,100 39,594 260,619 27,908,700 

1867 382,883,955 26,880 62,705 31,460,271 

1868 437,097,000 37,069 66,900 

Banks.  The  whole  number  of  National  Banks  organized  in  the  state  is  314,  of  which  15  are 
closed  or  closing,  leaving  299  in  operation,  with  a  paid  up  capital  of  $116,544,941. 

Insurance  Companies.  There  are  114  Fire  Insurance  Companies,  with  a  capital  of  $29,- 
111,332;  total  assets,  Jan.  1,1868,  $46,543,631.83;  net  cash  premiums  received  in  1867,  $24,066,- 
468.95;  total  income,  $27,169,686.75 ;  total  loss  in  1867,  as  reported,  $14,313,431.07 ;  net  amount 
of  risks  written  in  1867,  $2,508,426,421.33. 

Imports,  for  year  ending  June  30, 1868,  were  valued  at  $243,713,045,  and  the  exports  for  the 
same  time  were  valued  at  $250,868,305. 


1869.]  NORTH  CAROLINA.  421 

26.    NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Capital,  Raleigh.    Area,  50,704  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  992,622. 

Worth  Carolina  was  settled  at  Albemarle  by  the  English,  (emigrants  from 
Virginia),  in  1650,  and  was  chartered,  March  20,  1663.  It  was  one  of  the 
original  thirteen  States,  adopted  a  State  constitution,  Dec.  18, 1776,  and  ratified 
the  United  States  constitution,  Nov.  21,  1789.  An  ordinance  of  secession 
was  adopted,  May  20,  1861,  and  declared  null  and  void,  Oct.  7, 1865.  A  pro 
visional  governor  was  appointed  by  the  President,  March  29,  1865. 

By  act  of  Congress,  March  2,  1867,  this  State  became  part  of  the  2d  mili 
tary  district  under  the  command  of  Major  General  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  until 
the  26th  of  August,  when  he  was  removed  by  the  President,  and  Major  Gen 
eral  E.  R.  S.  Canby  appointed  in  his  place. 

A  State  convention  was  held  in  1868,  and  a  new  constitution  framed, 
which  was  submitted  to  the  people  and  ratified  by  a  majority,  April  21-23. 
The  State  was  re-admitted  into  the  Union  by  act  of  Congress,  June  25, 1868. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor WM.  W,  HOLDEN Raleigh *Not  fixed. 

Lieutenant  Governor TOD  R.  CALDWELL Morgantou u 

Secretary  of  State HENRY  J.  MENNINGER Newbern " 

Treasurer DAVID  A.  JENKINS Gaston " 

Auditor HENDERSON  H.  ADAMS Davidson 

Attorney  General WM.  COLEMAN Concord 

Supt.of  Public  Instruction S.  S.  ASHLEY Wilmington 

Supt.  of  Public  Works C.  L.  HARRIS Rutherforton 

Adjutant  General A.  W.  FISHER Bladen  Co 

State  Librarian H.  D.  COLERY 

All  the  above  officers,  except  the  Adjutant  General,  are  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  State  on  the  first  Thursday  in  August  every  fourth 
year,  and  hold  office  four  years  from  the  1st  day  of  January  next  after  their 
election.  The  present  State  officers  were  elected,  April,  1868,  and  hold  their 
offices  four  years  from  and  after  the  first  day  of  January,  18(f9. 

The  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor,  Treasurer,  Superintendent  of  Public 
Works,  and  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  ex-officio  constitute  the 
Council  of  State,  who  advise  the  Governor  in  the  execution  of  his  office,  and 
three  of  whom  constitute  a  quorum ;  their  advice  and  proceedings  in  this 
capacity  are  entered  in  a  Journal,  to  be  kept  for  this  purpose  exclusively,  and 
such  Journal  is  placed  before  the  General  Assembly  when  called  for  by  either 
House. 

The  constitution  provides  that  there  shall  be  established  in  the  office  of 
the  Secretary  of  State,  a  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Agriculture  and  Immigra 
tion,  under  such  regulations  as  the  General  Assembly  may  provide.  The 
Senate  is  composed  of  50  members ;  and  the  House  of  Representatives  of  120 
members. 

The  State  is  divided  into  43  senatorial  districts,  each  of  which  elects  one 
Senator  only,  except  the  1st,  10th,  13th,  16th,  19th,  21st  and  26th,  which  elect 
two  each.     Representatives  are  apportioned  to  the  different  counties,  accord- 
*  The  salaries  had  not  been  fixed,  November,  1868. 


422  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1863. 

ing  to  population,  but  each  county  has  at  least  one  Representative.  Senators 
and  Representatives  are  elected  biennially,  by  ballot,  on  the  first  Thursday  in 
August,  for  two  years. 

Every  male  citizen,  twenty-one  years  of  age  or  upward,  who  has  resided  in 
the  State  12  months,  and  in  the  county  30  days  preceding  an  election,  is  en 
titled  to  vote.  No  person  can  vote  without  being  registered.  The  following 
persons  are  disqualified  by  the  constitution :  All  persons  who  shall  deny  the 
being  of  Almighty  God,  and  all  persons  who  shall  have  been  convicted  of 
treason,  perjury  or  of  any  other  infamous  crime  since  becoming  citizens  of  the 
United  States,  or  of  corruption  or  mal-practice  in  office,  unless  such  person 
shall  have  been  legally  restored  to  the  rights  of  citizenship. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  State  is  vested  in  a  Court  for  the  trial  of  Im 
peachments,  a  Supreme  Court,  Superior  Courts,  Courts  of  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  and  Special  Courts.  The  Senate  is  the  Court  for  the  trial  of  Impeach 
ments.  A  majority  of  the  members  is  necessary  to  a  quorum,  and  the  judg 
ment  must  not  extend  beyond  removal  from,  and  disqualification  to  hold 
office  in  this  State ;  but  the  party  shall  be  liable  to  indictment  and  punish 
ment  according  to  law. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  four  Associate  Justices. 
This  Court  has  jurisdiction  to  review,  upon  appeal,  any  decision  of  the  courts 
below,  upon  any  matter  of  law  or  legal  inference :  but  no  issue  of  fact  may 
be  tried  before  this  court.  The  court  has  power  to  issue  any  remedial  writs 
necessary  to  give  it  a  general  supervision  and  control  of  the  inferior  courts, 
and  it  has  original  jurisdiction  to  hear  claims  against  the  State,  but  its 
decisions  are  recommendatory. 

The  State  is  divided  into  twelve  judicial  districts,  for  each  of  which  a 
judge  is  chosen  who  is  to  hold  a  Superior  Court  in  each  county  in  said  dis 
trict,  at  least  twice  in  each  year,  to  continue  for  two  weeks  unless  the  business 
shall  be  sooner  disposed  of.  Every  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  must  reside 
in 'his  district  while  holding  office.  The  Judges  may  exchange  districts  with 
each  other  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor.  The  Superior  Courts  have  ex 
clusive  original  jurisdiction  of  all  civil  actions,  whereof  exclusive  original  ju 
risdiction  is  not  given  to  some  other  courts ;  and  of  all  criminal  actions,  in 
which  the  punishment  may  exceed  a  fine  of  fifty  dollars  or  imprisonment  for 
one  month  ;  and  appellate  jurisdiction  of  all  issues  of  law  or  fact,  determined 
by  a  Probate  Judge  or  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  where  the  matter  in  controversy 
exceeds  twenty-five  dollars,  and  of  matters  of  law  in  all  cases.  Clerks  for  the 
Superior  Courts  hold  their  offices  for  four  years. 

The  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court 
are  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State,  for  eight  years;  but  the  Judges 
of  the  Superior  Courts  chosen  at  the  first  election  under  the  new  constitution 
were  divided  by  lot  into  two  equal  classes,  one  of  which  holds  office  for  four 
years,  the  other  for  eight  years.  A  Solicitor  is  elected  for  each  judicial  dis 
trict  by  the  qualified  voters  thereof,  as  is  prescribed  for  members  of  the  Gen- 


1809.]  NORTH  CAROLINA.  403 

era!  Assembly,  who  holds  office  for  the  term  of  four  years,  and  is  to  prosecute 
on  behalf  of  the  State,  in  all  criminal  actions  in  the  Superior  Courts,  and 
advise  the  officers  of  justice  in  his  district.  In  each  county,  a  Sheriff  and 
Coroner  are  elected  and  hold  their  offices  for  two  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Salmon  P.  Chase ;  District  Judye,  George  W.  Brooks ;  District  Attorney,  D. 
II.  Starbuck ;  Marshal,  Daniel  R.  Goodloe ;  Clerks  District  Court,  Samuel  T.  Bond,  Charles 
Uibbard,  William  Larkins. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  R.  M.  Pearson,  Yadkin  Co.  Associate  Justices,  Edwin  G.  Reade,  Person  Co. ; 
Wm.  B.  Rodman,  Beaufort ;  R.  P.  Dick,  Guilford ;  Thos.  Settle,  Rockingham ;  Wm.  M.  Coleman, 
and  Samuel  F.  Phillips,  Wake  Co.  Clerk,  C.  B.  Root ;  Marshal,  James  Litchford,  both  of  Wake 
Co.  Salaries  of  Judges,  $2,500  each. 

SUPERIOR  COURT. 

Judges— 1st  District,  Charles  C.  Pool ;  2eZ  District,  Edmund  W.  Jones ;  M  District,  Charles  R. 
Thomas ;  4th  District,  Daniel  L.  Russell,  Jr. ;  5th  District,  Ralph  P.  Buxton  ;  Gth  District,  Sam 
uel  W.  Watts ;  1th  District,  Albion  W.  Tourgee ;  8th  District,  John  M.  Cloud ;  Wi  District,  Geo. 
W.  Logan  ;  IW.h  District,  Anderson  Mitchell ;  llth  District,  James  L.  Henry ;  12th  District, 
Riley  H.  Cannon.  Salaries,  $2,500  each. 

TERMS  OP  COURTS. 

Supreme  Court.  There  are  two  terms  held  at  Raleigh,  in  each  year,  commencing  on  the  first 
Monday  in  January,  and  the  first  Monday  in  June,  and  continuing  as  long  as  the  public  interests 
may  require. 

Superior  Court.  At  least  two  Courts  must  be  held  in  each  county  twice  in  each  year,  to  con 
tinue  for  two  weeks.  In  the  4th  Judicial  District,  the  terms  are  as  follows  :  Robeson  Co.,  4th 
Monday  in  August  and  February.  Bladen  Co.,  2d  Monday ;  Columbus  Co.,  4th  Monday ;  Bruns 
wick  Co.,  Gth  Monday;  New  Hanover  Co.,  8th  Monday;  Sampson  Co.,  10th  Monday;  and  Duplin 
Co.,  12th  Monday  after  the  4th  Monday  in  August  and  February. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  hands  of  Public  treasurer,  Oct.  1, 1867,         -  $258,681.64 

Receipts  for  Literary  Fund,  for  fiscal  year  ending  Sept.  30, 1868,  21,564.64 
Receipts  of  Public  Fund  for  fiscal  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1868,  1,925,564.98 

$2^205,811.26 
Disbursements  of  Literary  Fund  for  year  ending 

Sept.  30,  1868,  $35,866.01 

Disbursements  of  Public  Fund  for  same  time,  2,019,909.41 

. $2,055,775.42 

Leaving  in  hands  of  Public  Treasurer,  Oct.  1,  1868,  $150,035.84 

There  has  been  a  large  deficiency  of  taxes  due  on  or  before  Oct.  1, 1867,  for  several  reasons: 
1st.  The  bad  crops  of  18G7  caused  the  people  to  be,  in  many  cases,  unable  to  pay  their  taxes.  2d. 
In  many  cases,  the  out-going  Sheriffs  made  little  exertion  to  collect  the  taxes,  and  the  in-coming 
Sheriffs  qualified  so  late  as  to  be  unable  fully  to  meet  their  obligations  at  the  Treasury.  3d.  In 
some  instances,  the  out-going  officers  collected  "County  Orders,"  which  the  in-coming  Sheriffs 
did  not  feel  authorized  to  accept.  This  dispute  delayed  settlement  of  the  State  taxes. 

STATE  DEBT. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  State  Treasurer,  the  debt  of  the  State,  Oct. 
1,  1868,  was  as  follows: 

Bonds  dated  before  May  20, 1861,         -        .  $8,511,000 

Those  dated  sinee  May  20,  1865,  10,698,945 

Total  issued  to  Oct.  1, 1868,  including  $2,000,000  accrued  interest,    $19,209,945 


424  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Of  the  above  amount,  $3,200,000  had  been  delivered  to  the  Chatham  Railroad  Company,  in  ex 
change  for  their  bonds,  and  it  was  expected  that  the  company  would  meet  the  interest  due 
thereon.  If  this  should  be  so,  the  debt  on  which  the  State  must  pay  interest,  outstanding  on 
October  1, 1868,  would  be  $16,009,945.  The  interest  to  be  raised  by  the  State,  the  present  fiscal 
year  will  be,  Oct.  1, 1868,  $112,101 :  Jan.  1,  1869,  $308,197  ;  April  1,  1869,  $304,101 ;  July  1,  1869, 
$308,197 ;  total  for  fiscal  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1869,  $1,032,596.  The  expenses  of  the  State  gov 
ernment  as  estimated  from  appropriations  already  made,  and  supposing  a  session  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  ninety  days,  will  not  probably  be  less  than  $375,000.  This  added  to  the  interest 
above,  makes  the  whole  amount  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Sept.  30, 1869,  $1,407,596. 

EDUCATION. 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  with  its  lands,  emoluments  and  fran 
chises,  is  under  the  control  of  the  State,  and  is  to  be  held  to  an  inseparable 
connection  with  the  Free  Public  School  System  of  the  State.  The  benefits 
of  the  University  as  far  as  practicable  are  to  be  extended  to  the  youth  of  the 
State,  free  of  expense  for  tuition.  Previous  to  the  late  war,  this  institution 
was  in  a  very  flourishing  condition,  but  its  resources  have  been  crippled  by 
the  failure  of  the  State  Bank,  in  which  $200,000  of  its  endowment  was  in 
vested.  The  Board  of  Education  elect  for  the  University  one  Trustee  for 
each  county  in  the  State,  whose  term  of  office  is  eight  years.  One-fourth  of 
the  Trustees  are  chosen  every  second  year.  The  Board  of  education  and  the 
President  of  the  University  are  ex-officio  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
and  with  three  other  Trustees  to  be  appointed  by  the  Board,  constitute  the  Ex 
ecutive  Committee  of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  The 
Governor  is  ex-offido  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  Chairman  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  University. 

Before  the  war,  public  schools  were  maintained  in  the  State,  by  means 
of  the  income  derived  from  the  Literary  Fund,  which  amounted  to  $2,500,000 
in  1860.  About  half  of  this  fund  was  swept  away  by  the  war  ;  and  the  sys 
tem  of  district  schools  which  had  brought  a  rudimentary  education  within 
the  reach  of  all,  free  of  cost,  was  prostrated,  but  measures  have  been  taken 
to  revive  it. 

The  constitution  provides  for  a  general  and  uniform  system  of  Free  Public 
Schools.  The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer, 
Auditor,  Superintendent  of  Public  Works,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc 
tion  and  Attorney  General,  constitute  a  State  Board  of  Education,  which  suc 
ceeds  to  all  the  powers  and  trusts  of  the  President  and  Directors  of  the  Literary 
Fund  of  North  Carolina,  and  has  full  power  to  legislate  and  make  all  needful 
rules  and  regulations  in  relation  to  Free  Public  Schools,  and  the  Educational 
Fund.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  has  the  chief  oversight  of 
the  schools.  Each  county  is  divided  into  school  districts,  in  each  of  which 
one  or  more  public  schools  must  be  maintained  at  least  four  months  in  the 
year.  The  schools  of  each  county  are  under  the  supervision  and  control 
of  county  commissioners  elected  biennially. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  constitution  requires  the  General  Assembly  to  appoint  and  define  the 
duties  of  a  Board  of  Public  Charities,  to  whom  shall  be  intrusted  the  super 
vision  of  all  charitable  and  penal  State  institutions.  Provision  is  to  be 


1869.]  NORTH  CAROLINA.  425 

made  for  the  education  and  care  of  deaf  mutes,  of  the  blind,  insane,  and  of 
idiots  and  inebriates  at  the  charge  of  the  State.  One  or  more  Orphan  Houses 
are  to  be  established. 

The  Asylum  for  the  Insane  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  patients,  Feb. 
22,  1856.  During  the  first  ten  years  of  its  existence,  it  had  693  inmates.  It 
suffered  severely  during  the  late  war,  both  from  the  removal  and  destruction  of 
fences,  and  from  the  difficulty  of  procuring  supplies.  Since  the  close  of  the 
war,  the  fences  have  been  replaced,  the  buildings  repaired,  and  the  capabili 
ties  of  the  institution  increased. 

The  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind,  after  being  closed 
for  a  short  time,  was  re-opened  January  1,  1866.  This  also  suffered  by  the 
war,  but  the  buildings  have  been  repaired,  new  furniture  purchased,  and  the 
institution  put  in  a  condition  for  its  work.  Pupils  are  employed  from  two  to 
three  hours  a  day  in  book-binding,  and  in  making  shoes  and  brooms. 

The  State  has  had  no  State  Prison,  but  the  constitution  of  1868  requires 
the  General  Assembly  to  make  provision  for  the  erection  and  conduct  of  a 
State  Prison  or  Penitentiary  at  some  central  point.  The  General  Assembly 
may  also  provide  for  the  erection  of  a  House  of  Correction,  and  may  establish 
Houses  of  Refuge. 

Insane  Asylum,  Raleigh.  E.  C.  FISHER,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  of  patients  in 
Asylum  Nov.  1, 1864— males,  96,  females,  84 ;  total,  180.  Admitted  during  the  two  years— males, 
61,  females,  46;  total,  107.  Whole  number  under  treatment  during  the  two  years— males,  157, 
females,  130 ;  total,  287.  Number  of  patients  discharged  during  the  two  years— males,  43,  fe 
males,  19;  total,  62;  recovered,  22 ;  improved,  9;  unimproved,  20.  Number  died— males,  32, 
females,  27  ;  total,  59.  Eloped,  11.  Remaining  Nov.  1,1866— males,  82,  females,  83;  total,  165. 
Supposed  cause  of  insanity  of  those  in  the  Asylum  during  the  two  years— ill  health,  27 ;  intem 
perance,  10  ;  epilepsy,  17 ;  domestic  troubles,  12  ;  the  war,  18 ;  hereditary,  7 ;  miscellaneous  and 
unknown,  202;  total,  287.  There  were  unmarried,  165 ;  married,  94 ;  widowed,  28.  Age  when  in 
sanity  is  supposed  to  have  commenced — less  than  5  years  of  age,  3 ;  5  to  10,  4 ;  10  to  15,  6 ;  15  to 
20,  33  ;  20  to  25,  &5  ;  25  to  30,  37 ;  30  to  35,  27 ;  35  to  40,  26 ;  40  to  50,  27 ;  50  to  60, 18 ;  60  to  70, 6 ; 
unknown,  65;  total,  287.  Receipts  :  Balance  in  hand  Sept.  30, 1865,  $0.89 ;  received  from  Public 
Treasurer,  $41,258.90;  from  pay  patients  for  board,  $6,860.92;  miscellaneous,  $112;  total,  $48,- 
242.71.  For  year's  support,  $39,493.67 ;  for  improvements  and  for  articles  used  prior  to  Sept.  30, 
1865,  $7,492.19:  balance  on  hand  Oct.  1,  1866,  $1,256.85;  total,  $48,242.71. 

North  Carolina  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  Blind,  Raleigh.  W.  J. 
PALMER,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  during  the  year  ending  Sept.  1, 1867 — males,  56,  females, 
37 ;  total,  93.  Of  these,  67  are  deaf  mutes,  and  26  are  blind.  Receipts  :  To  cash  in  hand  Sept.  1, 
1867,  $77.44 ;  received  from  public  treasurer,  $29,650 ;  from  mechanical  department,  $2,797.49 ; 
from  board  and  tuition,  $755.70;  miscellaneous,  $270;  total,  $33,550.63.  Expenditures,  $30,- 
313.56;  balance  in  hand  July  1, 1868,  $3,237.07 ;  total,  $33,550.63. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

No  census  has  been  taken  by  the  State,  but  the  following  summary  from 
the  United  States  census,  exhibits  the  population  of  the  State  at  different 
periods.  The  highest  per  cent,  of  increase  was  from  1790  to  1800,  when  it 
was  21.42  per  cent. 


Census.  Whites. 

1700  288,204.. 

Free  Colored. 

4,975 

100,579 

Total  .                   Increase  per  ot. 

393  751 

1800  337,764.. 
1810  37(5,410.. 
1820  419,200.. 
1&30  472,843.. 
1840  ..484,870.. 

7,043... 
10,266  
14,612  
19,543... 
22  732 

..133,296.,  
..168,824  
..205,217... 
..245,661  

245  817 

478,103  21.42 
555,500  16.19 
...638,829  15.00 
737,987  15.52 
753  419                        2  09 

1850  .553,028 

27  463 

288  548 

860  039                      15  35 

1860  631,000.. 

30,463  

..331,059  

992,622  14.20 

426  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

The  State  is  naturally  divided  into  three  sections — a  low  plain  on  the  east, 
nearly  level,  extending  about  150  miles  from  the  coast,  mostly  covered  with 
pines ;  the  middle  or  hilly  section,  and  the  western  or  mountainous  plateau. 
The  productions  are  chiefly  agricultural.  Fisheries  abound  in  the  sounds 
and  rivers  of  the  eastern  counties.  The  species  of  fish  mostly  taken  are  the 
herring,  shad,  blue-fish,  mullet  and  rock.  The  number  of  barrels  annually 
packed  for  market,  is  about  100,000  on  the  waters  of  Albemarle  Sound. 
Considerable  quantities  are  packed  at  other  points. 

The  most  important  minerals  are  coal,  iron,  gold,  copper,  silver,  lead,  and 
plumbago.  The  coal  is  bituminous,  and  exists  in  two  beds,  situated  one 
hundred  and  two  hundred  miles  from  the  coast,  on  Cape  Fear  River  and  on 
Dan  River.  It  is  accessible,  abundant  and  of  good  quality.  Iron  ore  of  ex 
cellent  quality  abounds  in  all  parts  of  the  State ;  the  principal  seat  of  its 
manufacture  being  on  the  Cape  Fear,  Catawba  and  Yadkin  rivers.  Gold  is 
found  in  almost  all  parts  of  the  State,  especially  in  the  middle  region ;  the 
annual  product  for  many  years  has  been  about  $250,000.  Copper  mines 
abound  in  the  middle,  northern  and  Avestern  counties.  Plumbago  is  found  in 
great  abundance  near  the  capital,  and  again  in  the  western  region. 

According  to  the  census  of  1860,  there  wTere  6,500,000  acres  of  improved 
land,  or  about  one-fifth  of  the  area  of  the  State. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  21,656,506  bushels,  value  $24,255,354;  wheat,  2,846,223  bushels, 
value,  $7,741,727;  rye,  371,327  bushels,  value  $fi31,256;  oats,  2,948,771  bushels,  value,  $2,092,627; 
potatoes,  830,565  bushels,  value,  $588,701 ;  tobacco,  39,423,900  pounds,  value,  $8,081,399 ;  hay, 
163,229  tons,  value,  $2,121,977. 

Manufactures.  The  amount  invested  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  was  $2.250,000 ;  lum 
ber,  $1,000,000;  turpentine,  $2,000,000;  iron,  $500,000;  and  wool,  $350,000. 

Banks.  There  were  in  North  Carolina,  September  30, 1868,  6  National  Banks,  with  a  capital 
of  $653,300. 


27.    OHIO. 

Capital,  Columbus.    Area,  39,964  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  2,339,511. 
This  state  was  formed  from  the  North-Western  territory,  ceded  to  the 
United  States  by  Virginia,  in  1783.     It  was  settled  at  Marietta  in  1788,  by 
emigrants  from  New  England,  and  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state,  April 
30,  1802. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor R.  B.  HAYES Cincinnati $4,000 

Lieutenant  Governor JOHN  C.  LEE , Tiffin 800 

Secretary  of  State ISAAC  R.  SHERWOOD 2,000 

Auditor JAMES  H.  GOBMAN Marion 3,000 

Treasurer SIDNEY  S.  WARNER Huntington 3.000 

Comptroller  of  Treasury M.  R.  BRAILEY Swanton .' 1,700 

Attorney  General W.  H.  WEST Bcllefontaine 1,500 

Commissioner  of  Schools JOHN  A.  NORRIS Cadiz 2,000 

Secretary  Board  of  Agriculture.  JOHN  'II.  KLIPPART Columbus *2,500 

Board  of  Public  Works JOHN  M.  BARRERE New  Market 800 

PH.  V.  HERZING St.  Mary's 800 

JAMES  MOORE Mohawk  Village 800 

*  This  Salary  is  not  paid  by  the  state,  and  out  of  it  the  assistants  must  be  paid. 


1809.]  OHIO.  427 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor  and  Treasurer  are  elected  by  the  peo 
ple  for  two  years,  and  the  Secretary  of  State  and  Attorney  General  for  the 
same  period ;  but  their  election  takes  place  on  alternate  years.  The  Comp 
troller  of  the  Treasury,  and  State  School  Commissioner  are  elected  for  three 
years,  and  the  Auditor  of  State  for  four  years.  The  members  of  the  Board 
of  Public  Works  are  elected  for  three  years,  one  going  out  of  office  each 
year. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  are  elected  for  two  years.  The  number 
of  each  differs  with  different  years,  according  to  a  schedule  in  the  act  of  ap 
portionment.  There  are  in  the  present  Senate,  37  senators,  and  in  the  House, 
105  representatives.  The  regular  sessions  of  the  Legislature  are  biennial, 
commencing  on  the  first  Monday  of  January  of  the  even  years.  The  general 
election  is  the  second  Tuesday  in  October. 

White  male  citizens  of  the  United  States  twenty-one  years  of  age,  who 
have  resided  one  year  in  the  state,  are  entitled  to  vote.  Soldiers,  marines, 
idiots,  and  insane  persons  are  excluded. 

STATE  MILITIA. 

Commander-in- Chief ....E.  B.  HATES Columbus. 

Staff. COL.  L.  MARKBREIT,  A.  D.  C Cincinnati. 

COL.  H.  J.  COVELL,  A.  D.  C Ashtabula. 

Adjutant  General EDWARD  F.  SCHNEIDER : Columbus. 

Asst.  Adjutant  General WILLIAM  A.  KNAPP Columbus. 

Quartermaster  General D.  W.  H.  DAY Columbus. 

Surgeon  General SAMUEL  D.  TURKEY Circleville. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  five  Judges,  chosen  by  the  people  for  a 
term  of  five  years,  one  judge  retiring  from  office  each  year  unless  re-elected. 
The  Judge  having  the  shortest  time  to  serve  is  Chief  Justice.  This  Court 
has  original  jurisdiction  in  quo  warranto,  mandamus,  habeas  corpus,  and  pro- 
cedendo,  and  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  other  matters.  It  holds  at  least  one 
term  each  year  at  Columbus,  and  such  other  terms  as  may  be  provided  by 
law. 

The  state  is  divided  into  ten  Common  Pleas  districts,  each  of  which,  except 
that  for  Hamilton  County,  is  subdivided  into  three  or  more  parts,  from  each 
of  which  parts,  one  judge,  to  reside  while  in  office  in  his  district,  is  chosen 
by  the  electors  of  each  subdivision  for  five  years.  In  several  districts,  some 
of  the  subdivisions  elect  two  or  more  judges  each.  Courts  of  Common  Pleas 
are  held  by  one  or  more  of  the  judges  in  every  county,  and  more  than  one 
court  may  be  held  at  the  same  time,  in  each  district.  District  Courts,  com 
posed  of  the  judges  of  the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  of  the  respective  districts, 
and  of  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  any  three  of  whom  form  a 
quorum,  are  held  in  'each  county  at  least  once  in  each  year.  The  District 
Courts  have  the  same  original  jurisdiction  with  the  Supreme  Court. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Noah  H.  Swayne.  District  Judge— Northern  District,  Charles  T.  Sherman. 
Southern  District,  H.  H.  Leavitt.  District  Attorney— Northern  District,  F.  J.  Dickman.  South- 


428  THE  AMEKICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

ern  District,  Durbin  Ward.  Marshal— Northern  District,  Russell  Hastings.  Southern  District, 
H.  Hickcnlooper.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts— Northern  District,  F.  W.  Green.  South 
ern  District,  John  McLean. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Luther  Day,  Ravenna.  Judges,  William  White,  Springfield;  John  Welch, 
Athene ;  Jacob  Brinkerhoff,  Mansfield :  Josiah  Scott,  Hamilton.  Salaries,  $3,000  each.  Clerk, 
Rodney  Foos,  Wilmington.  Reporter,  L.  J.  Critchfield,  Columbus. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  November  15,  1867,  -  ...  $667,990.79 
Receipts  during  the  year,  _-__._.  4,347,484.82 


$5,025,475.61 
Disbursements, 4,455,354.86 


Balance  in  Treasury,  November  15,  1868, $570,120.75 

The  disbursements  were  from  the  following  funds : 

General  Revenue  Fund $1,518,210.35 

Canal  Fund 14,939.39 

National  Road  Fund 18,829.36 

Sinking  Fund 1,472,226.33 

Common  School  Fund 1,426,868.80 

Bank  Redemption  Fund 16.95 

Soldiers1  Claims  Fund 3,781.68 

Soldiers1  Allotment  Fund 482.00 

STATE  DEBT. 

Amount  of  the  Public  Funded  Debt,  Nov.  15,  1867,  $11,031,941.56 

During  the  year  the  redemptions  on  the  Loan  of 

1860,  were,     -  •    $14,650.67 

Of  Foreign  Union  Loan  of  1868,  191,166.00 

Of  Domestic  Loan  of  1868,  -        -  -     136,088.13 

Of  Loan  of  1870, 157,361.33        499,266.13 


Debt  outstanding,  Nov.  15,  1868, $10,532,675.43 

EDUCATION. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Common  Schools,  there 
were  in  this  state  in  1867,  26  Colleges,  43  Ladies  Seminaries,  65  Academies 
and  Normal  Schools,  and  647  Private  Schools.  The  statistics  of  these  insti 
tutions,  which  returned  an  answer  to  our  inquiries,  are  given  under  Colleges 
and  Collegiate  Institutions.  (See  page  200). 

The  general  supervision  of  the  public  schools  of  the  state  is  placed  in  the 
hands  of  a  State  Commissioner,  elected  by  the  people.  The  very  able  report 
made  by  this  officer  in  1868,  after  giving  a  full  account  of  the  public  schools 
of  the  state,  recommends  the  adoption  of  the  following  measures :  1st.  A 
system  of  county  supervision  of  schools ;  2d.  A  system  of  professional  in 
struction  for  teachers ;  3d.  The  abolition  of  the  sub-district  system,  and  the 
adoption  of  the  township  or  district  system ;  4th.  The  distribution  of  the 


1869.]  OHIO.  429 

State's  gratuity  on  the  base  of  aggregate  school  attendance,  instead  of  as 
now,  on  the  basis  of  enumeration. 

A  State  Board  of  Examiners,  organized  in  1864,  is  authorized  to  issue 
state  certificates  to  such  teachers  as  are  found  qualified,  said  certificates 
being  valid  during  the  life-time  of  the  holder,  unless  revoked  by  the  State 
Board.  In  cities,  towns,  and  incorporated  villages,  a  local  board  of  educa 
tion  has  supervision  of  Public  Schools,  with  power  to  lay  taxes  within  cer 
tain  limits  for  school  purposes.  Separate  school  districts  containing  not 
less  than  275  inhabitants,  may  be  organized,  and  in  such  districts  a  board 
of  education,  consisting  of  the  persons  chosen  by  the  legal  voters,  has  similar 
authority. 

Public  Schools.  Number  of  unmarried  youth  between  the  ages  of  five  and  twenty-one, 
enumerated,  white— male,  494,458 ;  female,  477,247 ;  total,  971, 705;  colored— male,  12,026 ;  female, 
11,519;  total,  23,545;  whole  number,  995,250. 

Number  of  townships  not  organized  as  separate  school  districts,  1867,  1,348 ;  number  of  sub- 
school  districts — single,  9,892 ;  joint,  871 ;  total,  10,703 ;  number  of  separate  school  districts, 
351 ;  number  of  districts — organized  under  School  Law  for  cities,  towns,  etc.,  71 ;  organized 
under  Akron  Law,  62 ;  organized  under  special  laws,  7. 

Number  of  school  houses— frame,  8, '441 ;  brick,  2,031 ;  stone,  96;  log,  785;  total,  11,353  ;  num 
ber  of  school  houses  in  sub-school  districts — having  suitable  out-buildings,  1867,  3,345 ;  with 
grounds  properly  fenced,  2,489 ;  whole  number  erected,  1867— frame,  412 ;  brick,  137 ;  total,  549 ; 
total  cost  of  school  houses,  $965,792 ;  total  value  of  school  houses  and  grounds,  $9,072,443. 

Number  of  volumes  in  libraries  (reported),  1867,  310,328;  number  of  consolidated  libraries- 
required  by  law,  1,348;  reported,  1867,  624;  number  of  townships  having  school  libraries,  699; 
total  value  of  school  apparatus,  $151,717. 

Number  of  different  teachers  employed,  1867— male,  8,348;  female,  13,220;  total,  21,568;  num 
ber  in  common  schools,  12,909;  in  high  schools,  153;  in  German  and  English  schools,  37;  in 
colored  schools,  121 ;  whole  number  of  teachers  necessary  to  supply  schools,  13,588 ;  whole 
number  of  certificates  granted  to  teachers,  1867— to  males,  8,123 ;  to  females,  10,807 ;  total,  18,- 
930.  Average  monthly  wages  of  teachers — male,  in  common  schools,  $38.52 ;  in  high  schools, 
$87.10 ;  in  German  and  English  schools,  $52.65 ;  in  colored  schools,  $37.44 ;  female— in  common 
schools,  $23.80 ;  in  high  schools,  $43.97 ;  in  German  and  English  schools,  $35.86 ;  in  colored 
schools,  $28.17. 

Number  of  sub-districts  in  which  teachers  "boarded  around,"  1867,  11,739.  Number  of 
schools— common,  11,373;  high,  151;  German  and  English,  33 ;  colored,  182;  total,  11,739.  Aver 
age  number  of  weeks  schools  were  in  session,  1867 — common  schools,  27.33 ;  high  schools,  35.45 ; 
German  and  English  schools,  35.90;  colored  schools,  21.56. 

Number  of  scholars  enrolled  in  the  schools,  704,767 ;  number  in  common  schools,  1867 — male, 
356,482;  female,  322,744 ;  total,  679,226 ;  in  high  schools— male,  5,102 ;  female,  6,253 ;  total,  11.- 
355 ;  in  German  and  English  schools— male,  2,123 ;  female,  1,977 ;  total,  4,100 ;  in  colored  schools 
—male,  5,134 ;  female,  4,952 ;  total,  10,086 ;  total  average  of  daily  attendance,  1867,  397,486. 

Per  centum— of  enrollment  on  number  enumerated,  1867,  70 ;  of  average  daily  attendance  on 
number  enumerated,  40 ;  of  average  daily  attendance,  56.4. 

Principal  of  Irreducible  School  Fund,  Nov.  15,  1866,  $3,334,500.52;  rate  of  state  tax,  1807, 
(mills),  1.30 ;  average  rate  of  local  tax  (township),  1866-7,  (mills),  2.66 ;  average  rate  of  local  tax 
(separate  districts),  1806-7,  (mills),  4.83. 

Receipts— balance  on  hand,  Sept.  1, 1866,  $1,320,466.56;  from  Irreducible  School  Fund,  $221,- 
800.10;  state  tax,  $1,409,403.50;  local  tax,  $3,019,055.72 ;  fines,  licenses,  etc.,  $208,660.92;  total, 
$6,179,386.80. 

Expenditures— payment  of  teachers,  $3,195,227.54;  sites,  buildings  and  repairs,  $1,026,208.99; 
fuel  and  other  contingent  expenses,  $542,027.42 ;  total,  $4,763,463.95. 

Private  Schools.  Whole  number  reported,  1867,  647;  number  of  teachers  in  private 
schools,  857 ;  pupils  enrolled,  1867,  26,450. 

Whole  number  of  Normal  Schools  and  Academies  reported,  1867,  40 ;  number  of  regular  teach 
ers—male,  112 ;  female,  66;  total,  178;  number  of  students  in  attendance,  1867— male,  4,019 ; 
female,  2,148 ;  total,  6,167;  average  number  students  belonging— male,  1,700;  female,  765;  total, 
2,465;  number  of  students  preparing— to  teach— male,  1,013;  female,  782;  total,  1,795;  to  enter 
college  or  seminary— male,  320 ;  female,  126 ;  total,  446. 


430  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Whole  number  of  Ladies  Seminaries  reported,  33;  number  of  instructors — gentlemen,  63; 
ladies,  242;  total,  305;  number  of  students  in  attendance,  1867,  4,217;  average  number  of  stu 
dents  belonging,  2,408 ;  number  of  graduates,  199 ;  number  of  boarders,  1,954;  total  value  of 
buildings  and  grounds,  $1,197,000. 

Colleges.  Whole  number  reported,  1867,  21 ;  number  of  regular  instructors,  1867— professors 
127;  tutors,  56;  total,  183;  whole  number  of  students— male,  3,683 ;  female,  1,055 ;  total,  4,738; 
number  of  graduates,  212 ;  value  of  buildings  and  grounds,  $1,722,105;  amount  of  endowment 
funds,  $1,840,523;  endowments  received,  $370,691;  income  from  invested  funds,  rents,  etc., 
$144,510 ;  income  from  tuition,  $43,565 ;  total  of  salaries  paid  instructors,  1867,  $97,871 ;  number 
of  students — in  preparatory  course,  2,403 ;  in  scientific  course,  856;  in  classical  course,  1,113; 
number  of  Freshmen,  1867,  519;  Sophomores,  344;  Juniors,  164;  Seniors,  159;  number  of  vol 
umes  in  libraries,  121,011. 

CHARITABLE  .AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Board  of  State  Charities,  after  having  been  organized  four  months, 
made  its  first  report  at  the  close  of  1867. 

The  general  management  of  the  state  institutions  is  commended,  but  the 
Board  found  many  of  the  county  Infirmaries  and  Jails  in  a  deplorable  con 
dition,  requiring  thorough  reform  and  improvement.  Lack  of  sufficient 
room,  badly  constructed  buildings,  want  of  drainage  and  pure  water,  were 
some  of  the  evils  noticed. 

There  were  three  State  Asylums  for  Lunatics.  The  Central  Asylum  at 
Columbus  was  first  opened  for  patients  in  1838.  It  had  been  enlarged  and 
improved  until  it  was  one  of  the  most  extensive  institutions  in  the  country, 
accommodating  350  patients ;  but  it  was  burned  on  the  night  of  November 
17,  18G8,  and  six  of  the  inmates  perished. 

The  Northern  Asylum  was  opened  for  patients  March  5,  1855,  and  the 
Southern  Asylum  Sept.  1,  1855.  Both  of  these  institutions  have  been  en 
larged  and  much  improved,  and  their  capacity  for  usefulness  increased  dur 
ing  1867  and  1868.  A  new  Insane  Asylum  has  been  located  at  Athens;  the 
corner-stone  was  laid  November  5,  1868. 

The  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  which  was 
chartered  in  1827,  has  been  provided  with  a  new  and  commodious  building, 
and  the  number  of  pupils  has  increased.  The  Legislature  in  1867  enacted 
that  printing  and  book  binding  should  be  introduced  into  the  industrial  de 
partment,  and  arrangements  be  made  for  the  instruction  and  employment  of 
the  pupils  in  these  trades.  No  charge  for  board  or  tuition  is  made  to  pupils 
from  Ohio.  The  course  of  instruction  is  seven  years, 

The  Institution  for  the  Blind  was  founded  in  1836.  The  Legislature  in 
1867  made  an  appropriation  for  the  erection  of  a  new  building  for  this  in 
stitution,  and  the  trustees  secured  a  plan  which  was  approved  by  the  Gov 
ernor.  The  estimated  cost  is  $350,000. 

The  Asylum  for  Idiots  was  founded  in  1857.  A  new  building,  with  airy 
and  well  arranged  apartments,  has  just  been  provided  for  it. 

The  Ohio  Reform  School  is  located  upon  a  farm  of  1170  acres,  six  miles 
south  of  Lancaster,  Fairfield  county.  About  400  acres  of  land  are  cleared. 
The  orchards,  including  the  vineyards  and  small  fruits,  cover  about  150 
acres — the  remainder  of  the  cleared  portion  is  devoted  to  gardening,  the 
raising  of  farm  products,  and  pasturage.  An  additional  tract  of  land  has 


1869.]  OHIO.  431 

been  provided.  The  buildings  are  located  near  the  southern  line  of  the 
farm,  and  including  yards,  lawns  and  play  grounds,  occupy  ten  acres  of 
ground.  The  buildings  include — one  main  building,  eight  family  buildings, 
and  the  necessary  other  buildings.  The  system  has  been  quite  successful  and 
has  been  much  commended  by  committees  from  other  states. 

A  reformatory  school  for  girls  has  been  strongly  urged  by  the  Governor 
and  the  Board  of  Commissioners. 

The  Penitentiary  appears  to  have  been  managed  with  great  efficiency. 
The  discipline  has  been  good.  Though  from  150  to  200  convicts  have  been 
idle  for  want  of  employment,  the  receipts  for  the  labor  of  the  prisoners  have 
exceeded  all  the  expenses  of  the  prison  by  $12,714.  A  school  is  attached  to 
the  prison,  and  special  efforts  are  made  for  the  intellectual  and  moral  im 
provement  of  the  prisoners. 

Central  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,  Columbus.  WM.  L.  PECK,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  in  asylum,  Nov.  1, 1866— males,  137 ;  females,  163;  total,  300.  Admitted  during  the 
year— males,  92;  females,  109 ;  total,  201.  Discharged— recovered,  125;  improved,  20;  unim 
proved,  11 ;  died,  15 ;  total,  171.  Remaining,  Nov.  1,  1867,  330.  Civil  condition— single,  81 ; 
married,  99 ;  widowed,  21 ;  total,  201.  Age— under  20,  13;  between  20  and  30,  67;  30  and  40,  47; 
40  and  50,  33 ;  50  and  60,  29 ;  60  and  70.  10 ;  70  and  80,  2 ;  total,  201.  Whole  number  admitted  in 
29  years— males,  2,4a5 ;  females,  2,466 ;  total,  4,901.  Discharged— males,  2,285 ;  females,  2,286; 
total,  4,571.  Of  those  discharged,  there  were— recovered,  2,594;  improved,  526 ;  unimproved, 
874 ;  died,  577. 

Northern  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum, Newburgh.  BYRON  STANTON, Tfi..!).,  Superintendent. 
Number  in  institution,  Oct.  31, 1866— males,  73;  females,  71;  total,  144.  Admitted  during  the 
year— males,  71 ;  females.  84;  total,  155.  Discharged— recovered,  81 ;  improved,  21 ;  unimprov 
ed,  31 ;  died,  16;  not  insane,  1 ;  total,  150.  Remaining,  Oct.  31,  1867— males,  72;  females,  77; 
total,  149.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity— ill  health,  39 ;  domestic  trouble,  8 ;  child  birth,  8 ;  mas 
turbation,  11 ;  intemperance,  6;  miscellaneous  and  unknown,  83;  total,  155.  Civil  condition- 
single,  65;  married,  90.  Occupation— farmers.  33;  farmers'  wives  and  daughters,  39 ;  laborers, 
16 ;  mechanics,  26 ;  servant  girls,  8 ;  housekeepers,  8 ;  school  teachers,  5 ;  miscellaneous  and  un 
known,  20;  total,  155.  Nativity— Ohio,  68 ;  other  states,  43 ;  foreign,  44;  total,  155.  Age— 10 
years,  1 ;  between  10  and  20, 13 ;  20  and  30,  48 ;  30  and  40,  38 ;  40  and  50,  23 ;  50  and  60,  25 ;  60 
and  70,  8 ;  total,  155. 

Southern  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,  Dayton.  RICHARD  GUNDRY,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  in  Asylum,  Nov.  1,  1866— males,  81 ;  females,  96;  total,  177.  Admitted  during  the  year 
—males,  56 ;  females,  49 ;  total,  105.  Discharged— recovered,  66 ;  improved,  15 ;  unimproved, 
12;  died,  11;  total,  104.  Remaining,  Nov.  1,  1867— males,  83;  females,  95;  total,  178.  Whole 
number  admitted  since  opening  of  institution  in  1855— males,  678 ;  females,  704;  total,  1,382. 
Discharged— recovered,  745 ;  improved,  98;  unimproved,  221;  died,  140;  total,  1,204.  Nativity 
—American,  952;  foreign,  430;  total,  1,382.  Civil  condition— single,  531;  married,  742;  widow 
ed,  109;  total,  1,382.  Age— less  than  20,  122;  between  20  and  30,  463;  30  and  40,  355;  40  and  50, 
252 ;  50  and  60,  129 ;  60  and  70,  51 ;  70  and  80,  7 ;  80  and  90,  2 ;  unknown,  1 ;  total,  1,382.  Causes 
of  insanity— physical,  608 ;  moral,  420 ;  unknown,  354 ;  total,  1,382. 

Ohio  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Columbus.  GIL 
BERT  O.  FAY,  Superintendent.  Number  in  institution,  Nov.  1,  1866,  150.  Number  admitted 
since  its  opening,  941. 

Ohio  Institution  for  Education  of  the  Blind,  Columbus.  ASA  D.  LORD,  M.  A.,  Su 
perintendent.  Number  of  pupils  enrolled  during  the  year— males,  80 ;  females,  65;  total,  145. 
Whole  number  in  attendance  during  the  year  ending  Nov.  15, 1867, 185. 

Ohio  Reform  School,  Lancaster.  G.  E.  HOWE,  Acting  Commissioner.  Number  in  insti 
tution,  Nov.  1.  1866,  238.  Received  during  the  year,  111.  Number  that  have  gone  from  institu 
tion—to  care  of  friends,  88 ;  indentured,  3 ;  escaped,  7 ;  died,  2 ;  total,  100.  Remaining  in  in 
stitution,  Nov.  1, 1867,  255.  Of  those  admitted,  there  were  born  in— Ohio,  74;  in  other  states, 
31 ;  in  foreign  countries,  7 ;  total,  112.  Parentage— American,  36 ;  foreign,  76.  Age— 12  and  un 
der,  35 ;  13  years,  12 ;  14  years,  23 ;  15  years,  29 ;  16  to  18, 12 ;  total,  112.  Cause  of  commitment 
—larceny,  56;  incorrigible,  44 ;  burglary,  5;  assault  and  battery,  2 ;  vagrancy,  2;  miscellaneous, 
3 ;  total,  112. 


432  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [I860. 

Ohio  Penitentiary,  Columbus.  CHARLES  C.  WALCUTT,  Warden.  Number  of  convicts  in 
prison,  Oct.  31, 1806,860.  Received  during  the  year,  431.  Total  number  in  prison,  1,291.  Num 
ber  discharged— by  expiration  of  sentence,  193 ;  pardoned,  60 ;  by  military  authority,  7 ;  order 
of  Supreme  Court,  1 ;  taken  out  for  new  trial,  5 ;  transferred  to  reform  farm,  2 ;  died,  18 ;  es 
caped,  4;  total,  290.  Remaining,  Oct.  31,  1867— males,  976;  females,  25;  total,  1,001.  Cause  of 
commitment— burglary,  69 ;  burglary  and  larceny,  42;  grand  larceny,  130;  horse  stealing,  30; 
forgery,  14 ;  passing  counterfeit  money,  15 ;  larceny,  11 ;  manslaughter,  12 ;  murder  in  2d  degree, 
7;  assaults,  16;  robbery,  11;  rape,  6;  stealing,  18;  miscellaneous  50:  total,  431.  There  were 
in  prison,  Oct.  31, 1867,  64  convicts  under  sentence  for  life. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  the  state  in  1867  was  estimated  at  3,000,000.  The  fol 
lowing  table  gives  the  population  by  each  census  since  1800 : 

Inc.  p«r  cent.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1800 45,365 1840 1,519,467 62.01 

1810 230,760 408.67  1850 1,980,329 30.33 

1820 581,295 151.96  1860 2,339,511 18.14 

1830 937,903 61.31 

Ohio  was  settled  chiefly  by  emigrants  from  New  England,  and  the  increase 
in  population  was  more  rapid  in  its  early  history  than  for  the  last  thirty 
years.  It  has  sent  a  large  number  of  emigrants  to  the  states  west  of  it  dur 
ing  this  latter  period. 

Nearly  all  the  land  in  the  state  may  be  described  as  of  good  quality,  yet 
the  valleys  of  the  rivers,  and  particularly  of  the  two  Miamis,  the  Scioto,  the 
Maumee,  and  their  tributaries,  contain  the  most  valuable  and  fertile  lands. 
About  14,000,000  acres  are  improved,  either  as  pasture,  grass,  cultivated  in 
grain,  or  planted  in  orchards,  gardens,  or  lawns,  leaving  eleven  and  one- 
half  million  acres  unimproved,  either  in  the  condition  of  forests  or  com 
mons.  In  1865,  Ohio  stood  third  among  the  states  of  the  Union  in  the 
production  of  wheat  and  corn,  and  fourth  in  the  yield  of  oats,  and  surpassed 
all  other  states  in  the  number  and  value  of  horses,  sheep,  and  the  amount 
of  the  wool  crop. 

The  banks  of  the  Ohio  above  and  below  Cincinnati  are  covered  with  ex 
tensive  vineyards,  from  which  large  quantities  of  wine  are  annually  manu 
factured. 

Though  not  possessing  a  great  variety  of  mineral  products,  the  state  has 
inexhaustible  supplies  of  coal  and  iron.  The  coal  fields  in  the  eastern  and 
south-eastern  portions  cover  an  area  of  12,000  square  miles,  extending  through 
20  counties,  and  embrace  nearly  one-third  of  the  area  of  the  whole  state. 
Iron  ore  of  very  superior  quality  for  the  finer  castings  is  found  in  several 
counties. 

Abundance  of  limestone,  sandstone,  freestone,  and  other  varieties  of  build 
ing  stone  are  found  in  the  state.  Large  quantities  of  salt  are  manufactured 
for  market. 

No  state  in  the  Union  has  a  more  extensive  system  of  railroads,  according 
to  the  area  covered  and  the  amount  of  population.  Two  canals  connect  the 
Ohio  river  with  Lake  Erie,  a  third  connects  Cincinnati  with  Cambridge  City 
in  Indiana.  It  has  great  facilities  for  commerce,  having  a  shore  line  on  Lake 


1869.]  OREGON.  433 

Erie,  with  harbors  capable  of  accommodating  the  heaviest  and  most  exten 
sive  shipping,  and,  by  way  of  the  lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence,  direct  com 
munication  with  the  ocean. 

Products  for  1866.  Corn,  99,766,822  bushels ;  value,  $53,874,084;  wheat,  10,208,854  bush 
els  ;  value,  $25,726,312;  rye,  591,121  bushels  ;  value,  $644,322 ;  oats,  22,187,420  bushels  ;  value, 
$8,874,968;  barley,  1,294,139  bushels;  value,  $1,475,318;  buckwheat,  1,705,785  bushels;  value, 
$1,876,363;  potatoes,  4,516,640  bushels;  value,  $3,477,813;  tobacco,  25,593,815  pounds;  value, 
$1,714,785;  hay,  1,963,799  tons;  value,  $21,601,789. 

Banks.  Number  of  National  Banks,  Sept.  30, 1868 — organized,  137 ;  closed  or  closing,  4 ;  in 
operation,  133;  capital  paid  in,  $22,404,700. 

Railroads.  In  1841,  Ohio  had  36  miles  of  railroad ;  in  1864,  3,311  miles,  being  the  property 
of  30  companies,  and  constructed  at  a  cost  of  $117,583,000. 


28.    OREGON. 

Capital,  Salem.    Area,  95,274  Square  miles.    Population,  (I860,)  52,465. 

Oregon  was  first  visited  by  Europeans  about  1775.  Capt.  Robert  Gray 
took  possession  of  it  in  1792,  naming  its  principal  river  after  his  vessel,  the 
Columbia,  of  Boston.  It  was  soon  after  visited  by  traders  from  the  Ameri 
can  Fur  Company,  and  from  the  British  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

The  northern  boundary  line  remained  unsettled  until  the  treaty  with  Great 
Britain  in  1846,  when  the  49th  parallel  was  adopted. 

It  was  organized  as  a  territory,  August  4,  1848,  was  divided  March  2, 1852, 
the  northern  portion  being  called  Washington,  and  the  southern  Oregon.  A 
State  constitution  was  adopted,  Nov.  9,  1857,  and  it  was  admitted  into  the 
Union,  February  14,  1859. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor GEORGE  L.  WOODS.. Salem $1,500 

Secretary  of  State SAMUEL  E.  MAY 

State  Treasurer EDWIN  N.  COOKE 

Adjutant  General CYRUS  A.  REED 

Auditor SAMUEL  E.  MAY,  ex-officio. . . 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  GEORGE  L.  WOOD 


.1,500 
.  800 
.  800 


The  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  and  State  Printer  are  elected 
by  the  people  for  four  years.  The  general  election  for  State  and  County  offi 
cers  is  held  011  the  first  Monday  in  June,  biennially.  The  Legislative  Assem 
bly  is  composed  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  and  convenes 
biennially  at  Salem  on  the  second  Monday  in  September.  The  Senate  is 
composed  of  16  members,  elected  for  four  years.  The  House  of  Representa 
tives  is  composed  of  34  members,  elected  for  two  years.  The  compensation 
of  the  members  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  is  $3  per  day  for  the  first  forty 
days  of  a  regular  session,  or  the  first  twenty  days  of  an  extra  session,  and  mile 
age  at  the  rate  of  $3  for  every  twenty  miles  of  travel  to  and  from  the  capital. 

Every  white  male  citizen  of  full  age,  six  months  a  resident  in  the  State, 
and  every  white  male  alien  of  full  age,  resident  in  the  United  States  one  year, 
who  has  declared  his  intention,  may  vote.      Sailors,  soldiers,  idiots,  insane, 
Chinamen,  and  negroes,  are  excluded. 
28 


434  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18f9. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  State  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  and  five 
Circuit  Courts.  The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  five  justices,  (chosen  in  dis 
tricts  by  the  electors  thereof,)  who  are  also  judges  of  the  Circuit  Courts  in 
their  respective  districts.  Their  term  of  office  is  six  years.  The  Supreme 
Court  holds  one  term  annually  at  the  seat  of  government,  (Salem,)  on  the 
first  Monday  in  September. 

There  is  one  prosecuting  attorney  in  each  judicial  district,  elected  by  the 
people  for  two  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Stephen  J.  Field.  District  Judge,  Matthew  P.  Deady.  District  Attorney,  John 
C.  Cartwright.  Marshal,  Albert  Zeiber. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Justices,  P.  P.  Prim,  Jacksonville  ;  John  Kelsey,  Corvallis  ;  R.  P.  Boise,  Salem ;  W.  W. 
Upton,  Portland ;  Jos.  G.  Wilson,  Dalles.  Salaries,  $2,000  each. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury  September  5,  1866,  -----        $43,811.36 
Receipts  during  the  fiscal  years  1867  and  1868,   -  -    353,689.09 

Total, -  $397,500.45 

Disbursements  during  the  fiscal  years  1867  and  1868,  -    357,116.59 

Balance  in  Treasury  Sept.  5,  1868,    -  $40,383.86 

The  receipts  were  from  the  following  sources : 

Counties  for  taxes $307,537.55       University  Fund $3,394.61 

Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court 375.00        Escheats 1,059.15 

School  Land  Commissioners 32,638.07        Penitentiary. 8,684.71 

The  Disbursements  for  the  two  years  ending  September  5, 1868,  were  from 
the  following  funds : 

General  Fund $24,500.26       Convict $9,000.00 

Penitentiary  Fund 40,000.07       Common  School,  (coin) 2,810.22 

Penitentiary  Building  Fund 7,136.19  "  "        (currency) 26,363.45 

Executive 10,609.16       University,  (coin) 1,385.00 

Judicial 25,040.86  "  (currency) 1,600.00 

Insane  and  Idiotic 86,000.00       Soldiers1  Bounty 60,769.20 

Legislative 16,030.07       Soldiers'  Relief 23,070.99 

Printing 10,000.00       Other  Funds 12,801.12 

The  estimated  expenses  for  the  fiscal  years  commencing  Sept.  1,  1868,  and  ending  Aug.  31, 
1870,  exclusive  of  Extraordinary  Appropriations  for  Special  Purposes,  and  including  outstand 
ing  warrants  awaiting  appropriation,  are  $221,586.82. 

STATE  DEBT. 
The  funded  debt  outstanding  Sept.  5,  1868,  consisted  of 

Bounty  Bonds, $94,015.00 

Relief  Bonds, 82,141.50 

Total,   -  $176,156.50 

Each  class  of  Bonds  bears  interest  at  the  rate  of  seven  per  cent,  per  annum, 

the  first  payable  in  1884,  the  second  in  1874,  and  there  was  in  the  Treasury, 

Sept.  5,  1868,  to  be  applied  to  the  interest  and  redemption  of  the  foregoing, 

$18,300.11. 


1869.]  OREGON.  435 

EDUCATION. 

The  principal  collegiate  institution  is  the  Willamette  University  at  Salem. 
It  is  under  the  charge  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  was  founded 
in  1853.  It  has  an  endowment  of  $30,000,  and  600  volumes  in  its  library. 
There  are  several  other  colleges  and  academies. 

The  system  of  common  schools  differs  but  little  from  that  in  the  Eastern 
States,  but  owing  to  the  sparseness  of  the  population,  its  advantages  are 
mainly  prospective.  There  is  a  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  who 
has  the  general  supervision  of  the  schools  of  the  State.  County  school 
superintendents  exercise  supervision  over  the  schools  in  the  several  counties, 
and  report  their  condition  to  the  State  Superintendent.  The  Governor, 
Secretary  of  State,  and  Treasurer,  are  a  Board  of  Commissioners  for  the  sale 
of  school  lands. 

Congress  by  various  acts  has  donated  to  the  State  public  lands  for  educa 
tional  and  other  purposes,  as  follows  : 

1.  School  lands  proper— i.  <?.,  the  16th  and  36th  sections  or  their  equivalent  where  portions  of 
such  sections  were  held  by  donation  claimants  prior  to  the  public  surveys,  and  known  in  the 
General  Land  Office  as  "indemnity  selections.1' 

2.  University  lands,  consisting  of  seventy-two  sections,  for  the  use  and  support  of  a  State 
University. 

3.  Five  hundred  thousand  acres  of  land  granted  under  the  provisions  of  act  of  Congress  of 
Sept.  4, 1841,  for  purposes  of  internal  improvement ;  and  which,  for  convenience,  and  to  avoid 
confusion,  have  been  designated  by  the  Board  as  "  State  lands." 

4.  Ninety  thousand  acres  of  land  granted  for  the  support  of  an  Agricultural  College. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  grants  have  been  made  to  the  State  of  all  "  swamp 
and  overflowed  lands,"  reported  as  such  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office ;  ten  sections  for  public  buildings,  and  seventy-two  sections  of 
saline  lands. 

The  University  lands  have  been  selected,  and  a  portion  of  them  sold.  If 
the  State  school  lands  are  all  sold,  and  the  fund  carefully  managed,  in  a  few 
years  the  School  Fund  will  fully  support  a  free  school  system.  The  interest 
on  hand,  September,  1868,  amounted  to  more  than  $24,000  per  annum — or 
two  thousand  dollars  per  month. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

On  the  first  of  October,  1864,  the  Legislature  authorized  and  directed  the 
Governor  to  contract  with  private  parties  for  the  keeping,  care  and  medical 
treatment  of  insane  and  idiotic  persons.  That  contract  expired  on  the  first 
of  December,  1868. 

The  constitution  requires  that  among  other  public  buildings,  an  asylum 
for  the  insane  shall  be  erected  at  the  capital.  A  site  has  been  purchased  for 
that  purpose,  and  as  soon  as  the  financial  strength  of  the  State  will  permit, 
suitable  buildings  will  be  erected,  and  the  management  thereof  be  left  to  the 
exclusive  control  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  as  contemplated  by  the  con 
stitution. 

The  Penitentiary  has  been  managed  in  such  a  manner  as  to  give  general 
satisfaction  to  the  people.  A  suitable  temporary  building  has  been  erected, 


436  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1S09. 

the  best  of  police  regulations  have  been  established,  insuring  the  safe-keep 
ing  of  convicts ;  and  labor  has  been  so  directed,  aside  from  extensive  perma 
nent  improvements  made  for  the  State,  as  to  pay  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  entire 
expenditures  of  the  penitentiary.  During  the  last  two  years  the  convicts 
have  been  successfully  employed  in  the  erection  of  public  buildings. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  Oregon  in  1860  was  52,465.  In  1868,  it  was  estimated 
at  over  100,000,  and  was  steadily  increasing.  The  State  contains  60,975,860 
acres,  of  which  52,700,000  were  public  lands  undisposed  of  in  1868. 

In  reference  to  climate  and  agricultural  capacities,  Oregon  may  be  divided 
into  two  distinct  parts,  the  eastern  and  western,  lying  respectively  on  the 
east  and  west  sides  of  the  Cascade  Mountains.  Western  Oregon,  the  portion 
first  settled,  containing  the  great  preponderance  of  its  present  population,  is 
275  miles  in  length,  with  an  average  width  of  110  miles,  being  nearly  one- 
third  of  the  entire  State,  nearly  all  of  which  is  valuable  for  agriculture,  graz 
ing,  or  for  timber  growing,  excepting  the  crests  of  some  of  the  highest 
mountains.  The  valleys  of  the  Willamette,  the  Umpqua,  and  Rogue  rivers 
are  embraced  in  this  section.  The  soil  of  these  valleys  is  rich  and  deep,  rest 
ing  .upon  a  foundation  of  clay  retentive  of  the  elements  of  fertility.  Larger 
portions  of  the  valleys  are  open  prairie,  just  rolling  enough  for  the  purposes 
of  agriculture. 

Eastern  Oregon,  extending  from  the  Cascade  Mountains  to  Snake  River,  is 
an  elevated,  rough,  broken  country  of  hills  and  mountains,  table-lands,  deep 
gorges,  and  almost  impenetrable  canons,  with  numerous  fertile  and  arable 
valleys.  The  greater  portion  is  incapable  of  tillage,  but  furnishes  an  exten 
sive  scope  for  grazing. 

The  forests  of  Oregon,  like  those  of  California,  contain  many  of  the  most 
valuable  timber  trees  in  the  world.  The  Cascade  and  Coast  ranges,  are 
covered  with  immense  quantities  of  the  sugar  pine,  the  white  and  yellow 
pinCjthe  nut  pine,  the  red  fir  or  Douglass  spruce,  the  black  fir,  yellow  fir, 
western  balsam  fir,  the  noble  fir,  the  Oregon  cedar,  and  the  fragrant  white 
cedar. 

The  salmon  fisheries  form  an  importent  item.  Vast  quantities  of  fish  are 
annually  caught,  and  the  business  of  putting  them  up  for  commerce  is  prose 
cuted  with  great  success. 

The  Columbia  is  the  chief  river  of  Oregon,  and  the  largest  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  For  thirty  or  forty  miles  from  its  mouth  it  expands  into  a  bay  from 
three  to  seven  miles  wide.  It  is  navigable  to  the  Cascade  mountains,  one 
hundred  and  forty  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  east  side  of  the  Cascades, 
it  is  again  navigable  for  forty-five  miles  to  the  Dalles.  Eighteen  or  twenty 
first  class  steamboats  run  on  the  river,  and  there  are  warehouses  at  all  the 
principal  towrns. 


PENNSYLVANIA.  437 

29.    PENNSYLVANIA. 

Capital,  Harrisburg.    Area,  46,000  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  2,906,115. 

The  territory  embraced  within  the  present  limits  of  Pennsylvania  was 
granted  to  William  Penn  in  payment  of  a  debt  due  his  father,  Admiral  Penn, 
by  the  government  of  Great  Britain.  In  addition  to  this  grant  from  Charles 
II.,  Penn  became,  by  purchase  and  grant  from  the  Duke  of  York,  the  propri 
etor  of  the  territory  now  constituting  the  state  of  Delaware,  and  for  many 
years  all  was  united  under  one  government. 

This  state  was  settled  at  Philadelphia  in  1681,  by  English  Quakers  under 
William  Penn.  It  adopted  a  state  constitution,  September  28,  1776,  and 
ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  12,  1787. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JOHN  W.  GEARY Harrisburg $5,000 

Private  Secretary  to  the  Gov JOHN  H.  GIHON Harrisburg 2,000 

Secretary  of  State FRANCIS  JORDAN Harrisburg 3,500 

Deputy  Secretary  of  State ISAAC  B.  GARD — Erie  City 2,250 

Auditor  General JOHN  F.  HARTRANFT Norristown 2,500 

Surveyor  General JACOB  M.  CAMPBELL Johnstown 2,000 

Treasurer WILLIAM  W.  IRWIN* Beaver 1,700 

Attorney  General BENJAMIN  H.  BREWSTER Philadelphia 3,500 

Supt,  of  Public  Instruction J.  P.  WICKERSHAM Harrisburg 2,500 

Dept.  Supt.of  do , C.  R.  COBURN Harrisburg .1,600 

Adjutant  General D.  B.  MCCRKARY Erie  City '. .  .3,000 

State  Librarian WIEN  FORNEY Dauphin  County 1,000 

Supt.  Soldiers'  Orphan^  Schods.G.  F.  MCFARLAND Juniata  County 1,800 

State  Historian SAMUEL  P.  BATES Crawford  County 2,000 

The  Governor,  Auditor  General,  and  Surveyor  General  are  chosen  by  the 
people  for  a  term  of  three  years  each.  The  general  election  is  held  annually 
on  the  second  Tuesday  of  October.  The  Secretary  of  State,  Attorney  Gen 
eral,  Adjutant  General,  Quartermaster  General,  Superintendent  of  Common 
Schools,  and  State  Librarian,  are  appointed  by  the  Governor^  The  State 
Treasurer  is  elected  annually  by  the  Legislature. 

There  are  33  Senators  elected  for  three  years,  one-third  retiring  each  year. 
The  Representatives,  100  in  number,  are  elected  annually.  The  members  of 
either  house  are  paid  $700  each  per  annum,  with  an  allowance  of  15  cents 
per  mile  for  necessary  travel  to  and  from  the  capital  to  attend  the  meeting 
of  the  Legislature.  The  Legislature  meets  annually  on  the  first  Tuesday  of 
January. 

Every  white  male  freeman  of  the  age  of  21  years,  who  has  resided  in  the 
State  one  year  and  in  his  election  district  ten  days  prior  to  the  election,  and 
who  has  within  two  years  paid  a  state  or  county  tax,  is  entitled  to  the  rights 
of  an  elector.  White  freemen,  citizene  of  the  United  States  between  21  and 
22  years  of  age,  are  not  obliged  to  pay  taxes  before  voting. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Courts  of  this  state  are  the  Supreme  Court,  the  District  Courts,  and 
the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas.     The  Supreme  Court  is  the  High  Court  of 
*  R.  W.  Mackey  has  been  appointed  and  succeeds  to  the  office  1st  Monday  in  May,  1869. 


438  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Errors  and  Appeals.  There  are  two  District  Courts,  one  for  the  city  and 
county  of  Philadelphia,  and  one  for  the  county  of  Allegheny.  They  have 
jurisdiction  of  all  civil  suits  where  the  amount  claimed  exceeds  $100, 
,  and  for  certain  purposes  prescribed  by  law,  have  the  powers  of  Courts 
of  Equity ;  they  are  the  principal  Commercial  Courts  for  the  cities  where 
they  are  held. 

There  is  also  a  District  Court  in  Lancaster,  which  has  concurrent  jurisdic 
tion  with  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  civil  cases  over  $100. 

Courts  of  Common  Pleas  are  the  principal  Equity  Courts,  and  have  juris 
diction  where  the  demand  exceeds  $100.  They  also  have  charge  of  road 
cases,  estates  of  minors,  and  one  branch  is  the  Criminal  Court.  The  Quarter 
Sessions  Courts  have  the  criminal  and  road  jurisdiction;  and  the  Orphan's 
Court,  estates  of  decedents  and  minors ;  but  the  Common  Pleas  Judges  sit 
in  all  the  courts,  except  in  Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh  and  Lancaster,  where 
there  are  District  Courts. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  is  composed  of  a  Chief  Justice  and 
four  Associate  Justices,  elected  by  the  people  to  serve  for  a  term  of  fifteen 
years.  The  justice  having  the  shortest  term  to  serve  is  Chief  Justice. 

The  President  Judges  of  the  several  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  and  other 
courts  of  record,  and  all  other  Judges  required  to  be  learned  in  the  law,  are 
chosen  by  the  electors  of  the  district  over  which  they  are  to  preside,  for  a 
term  of  ten  years. 

Salaries  of  Judges  of  Supreme  Court,  $6,000 ;  of  Judges  of  District  Courts,  $5,000 ;  of  Judges 
of  Courts  of  Common  Pleas— in  1st  and  5th  Districts,  $5,000 ;  in  12th  District,  $3,800 ;  in  all 
others,  $3,500  each. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Robert  Grier.  District  Judge— Eastern  District,  John  Cadwalader.  Western 
District,  Wilson  McCaudless.  District  Attorney— Eastern  District,  Charles  Gilpin.  Western. 
District,  Robert  B.  Carnahan.  Marshal— Eastern  District,  P.  C.  Ellmaker.  Western  District, 
Thomas  A.  Rowley.  Clerk  of  Circuit  Court— Eastern  District,  Benjamin  Patton.  Western 
District,  H.  Sprowl.  Clerk  of  District  Court— Eastern  District,  G.  R.  Fox.  Western  District, 
S.  C.  McCandless, 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  James  Thompson,  Philadelphia.  Associate  Justices,  John  M.  Read,  Philadel 
phia  ;  Daniel  Agnew,  Beaver  County ;  George  Sharswood,  Philadelphia ;  Henry  W.  Williams, 
Pittsburgh. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Philadelphia  County— President  Judge,  J.  J.  Clarke  Hare.  Associates,  George  M.  Stroud, 
M.  Russell  Thayer.  Allegheny  County— President  Judge,  Moses  Hampton.  Associate,  H.  W. 
Williams. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  AND  DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Five  terms  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  held  annually,  as  follows :  Eastern  District — at  Phila 
delphia  M  Monday  in  March  and  December.  Middle  District — at  Harrisburg  2d  Monday  in  May. 
Northern  District — at  Sunbury  2d  Monday  in  July.  Western  District — at  Pittsburgh  1st  Monday 
in  September. 

The  District  Court  for  the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia  has  four  terms,  commencing  on  the 
1st  Monday  of  March,  June,  September,  and  December  of  each  year.  The  months  of  January, 
February,  April,  May,  October,  and  November  are  devoted  to  jury  trials. 

The  District  Court  for  the  county  of  Allegheny  has  four  regular  terms  in  the  year,  commenc 
ing  on  the  4th  Monday  in  January,  April,  July,  and  November. 


1869.]  PENNSYLVANIA.  439 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  Nov.  30,  1867, $4,661,836.46 

Ordinary  receipts,  for  year  ending  Nov.  30,  1868,      -         -  -    5,216,049.55 

Depreciated  funds  (unavailable),  -  41,032.00 

Total,  $9,918,918.01 

Ordinary  expenses  for  the  year,     -  $2,454,506.09 

Loans  redeemed, 4,417,463.64 

Interest  on  loans,  1,979,690.91 

Other  payments,        -  12,800.00 

Depreciated  funds  (unavailable),  -        -        -  41,032.00 

8,905,492.64 


Balance  in  Treasury,  Dec.  1,  1868, $1,013,415.37 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  amount  of  State  debt,  November  30,  1867,  was     -        -     $37,704,409.76 
There  was  paid  during  the  year, 4,417,463.63 

Leaving  the  debt,  November  30,  1868,  -  -     $33,286,946.13 

The  funded  debt  consisted  of— 6  per  cent,  loans $25,311,180.00 

5        "         "     7,749,771.56 

4i      "         "     112,000.00 

—  33,172,951.56 

The  unfunded  debt  consisted  of— Relief  notes 96,415.00 

Interest  certificates,  outstanding.         13,086.52 
unclaimed..  4,448.38 

Domestic  creditors'  orders 44.67 

113,994.57 


$33,286,946.13 

EDUCATION. 

Collegiate  or  university  privileges  have  been  granted  to  thirty-seven  dif 
ferent  institutions  in  this  state,  of  which  fourteen,  including  about  all  the 
living  institutions,  reported  their  condition  to  the  State  Department  last 
year.  The  Agricultural  College  has  been  much  improved.  Three  experi 
mental  farms  were  purchased  for  it  in  1868,  at  a  cost  of  $43,889. 

The  frame  work  of  government  written  in  England  in  1682,  and  introduced 
by  Wm.  Penn,  provided  that  the  Governor  and  Provincial  Council  should 
erect  and  order  all  public  schools.  In  1752,  certain  officers  were  appointed 
trustees  and  managers  of  such  schools.  The  provisional  constitution,  framed 
in  1776,  provided  for  the  establishment  of  a  school  in  each  county,  and,  in 
1786,  the  proceeds  of  sixty  thousand  acres  of  public  lands  were  appropriated 
in  aid  of  public  schools.  In  1836,  the  common  school  fund  was  authorized 
and  provision  made  for  the  distribution  of  its  income.  The  school  law  of 
1834,  which  is  the  foundation  of  the  present  school  system,  provides  for  free 
education  for  all  between  six  and  twenty-one  years  of  age.  The  office  of 
county  superintendent  was  created  in  1854,  and  that  of  state  superintendent 
in  1856. 

The  sixty-six  counties  of  the  state  are  sub-divided,  for  school  purposes,  in 
to  1,889  school  districts,  each  township,  borough  or  city  usually  constituting 


440  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

a  school  district.  Each  district  has  six  school  directors,  two  of  which  are 
elected  annually,  holding  office  three  years.  The  directors  are  required  to 
procure  school  buildings  and  grounds,  establish  schools,  appoint  teachers, 
visit  every  school  in  the  district  by  one,  at  least,  of  their  number  once  a 
month,  direct  what  branches  shall  be  taught  and  what  books  used,  and  re 
port  annually  to  the  county  superintendent.  This  officer,  who  must  be  an 
experienced  teacher,  is  elected  for  three  years  by  the  school  directors  of  the 
county ;  he  is  to  visit  all  the  public  schools  of  the  county,  examine  teachers, 
and  report  annually  to  the  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  who 
is  at  the  head  of  the  department,  and  is  appointed  by  the  Governor  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  for  the  term  of  three  years. 

The  first  Normal  School  in  the  state,  with  the  exception  of  the  City  Nor 
mal  School  in  Philadelphia,  was  opened  in  Lancaster  County,  at  Millersville, 
in  1855.  It  was  continued  in  private  hands  under  the  name  of  the  Lancas 
ter  County  Normal  School  until  1859,  when  it  became  a  State  Institution. 
The  Normal  School  law,  passed  in  1857,  divides  the  state  into  twelve  dis 
tricts,  in  each  of  which  a  State  Normal  School  may  be  established  whenever 
private  contributions  make  it  practicable.  Each  school  must  have  suitable 
buildings  and  at  least  ten  acres  of  land  connected  with  it.  The  buildings 
of  each  must  contain  a  hall  of  sufficient  size  to  comfortably  seat  1,000  adults, 
with  class  rooms,  lodging  rooms  and  refectories  for  at  least  300  students. 
Each  school  must  have  a  library,  cabinet  and  apparatus,  at  least  six  pro 
fessors,  and  one  or  more  model  and  practice  schools  attached  to  it,  with  not 
less  than  100  pupils,  so  arranged  that  the  Normal  pupils  may  therein  acquire 
a  practical  knowledge  of  the  art  of  teaching. 

Public  School  Statistics.  With  the  exception  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  the  whole 
number  of  schools  in  18G7  was  13,061,  an  increase  of  288  from  1866 ;  whole  number  of  pupils  in 
attendance,  660,163,  an  increase  of  10,644 ;  average  attendance,  414,537,  or  62  per  cent. ;  average 
length  of  school  term,  5  months  16f  days ;  average  cost  of  tuition — for  each  pupil,  per  month, 
85  cents  ;  whole  number  of  male  teachers,  6,619,  an  increase  of  485  from  I860;  whole  number  of 
female  teachers,  8,590,  a  decrease  of  117;  average  salaries  of  male  teachers,  per  month,  $35.87 ; 
average  salaries  of  female  teachers,  per  month,  $27.51 ;  total  cost  of  tuition,  $2,482,512.93,  an  in 
crease,  from  1866,  of  $270,991.23;  total  cost  of  fuel  and  contingencies,  $601,087.21,  an  increase 
of  $42,769.60 ;  total  cost  of  purchasing,  building,  renting,  and  repairing  school  houses,  $985,- 
152.55,  an  increase  of  $389,482.86;  total  expenditures  of  the  system  for  tuition,  building  pur 
poses  and  contingencies,  $4,068,752.69,  an  increase,  from  1866,  of  $802,243.69 ;  total  state  appro 
priation,  $355,000.00 ;  total  amount  paid  for  salaries  of  county  superintendents,  $56,221.23;  aver 
age  number  of  mills  on  dollar  school  tax,  7.25 ;  average  number  of  mills  on  dollar  building  tax, 
5.04;  whole  amount  of  tax  levied  and  state  appropriation,  $3,971,285.23,  an  increase  of  $602,897,- 
90 ;  amount  of  tax  levied,  $3,616,285.23,  an  increase,  from  the  previous  year,  of  $602,327.90. 

Including  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  which  has  a  separate  system,  the  whole  number  of  schools 
in  the  state  was  13,435;  teachers.  16,523;  whole  number  of  pupils,  789,389;  average  attendance, 
480,870;  total  of  expenditures  for  all  school  purposes,  $5,160,750.17. 

School  Statistics  of  Philadelphia  for  1867.  Whole  number  of  schools,  374;  High 
schools,  2;  Grammar,  60;  Secondary,  69;  Primary,  187;  Unclassified,  56;  male  teachers,  79;  fe 
male  teachers,  1,235 ;  whole  number  of  pupils  registered,  129,226 ;  average  attendance,  66,333; 
percentage  of  attendance,  51 ;  percentage  of  attendance  upon  number  belonging  to  the  schools 
at  the  end  of  the  year,  86. 

Normal  School,  2d  District,  Millersville.  EDWARD  BROOKS,  Principal.  Recognized  as  a 
State  Normal  School  in  1859 ;  buildings  and  other  property  valued  at  $106,000.  Teachers— male, 
10;  female,  7;  whole  number  of  students  since  recognition,  3,754 ;  of  graduates,  96;  number 
of  students  in  1867,  in  Normal  School— males,  428 ;  females,  224;  total,  652;  graduates,  20 ;  in 
Model  School— males,  106;  females,  54;  total,  160;  volumes  in  library,  3,900. 


1869.]  PENNSYLVANIA.  441 

Normal  School,  12th  District,  Edinboro.  JOSEPH  A.  COOPER,  Principal.  Chartered  as  an 
academy  in  1856,  recognized  as  a  state  institution  in  1861 ;  buildings  and  other  property  valued 
at  |86,750.  Teachers— male,  5 ;  female,  7.  Whole  number  of  students  since  recognition,  1,444; 
of  graduates,  30 ;  number  of  students  in  1867,  in  Normal  School— males,  211 :  females,  214 ;  total, 
425;  graduates,  5 ;  in  Model  School— males,  75 ;  females,  63;  total,  138;  volumes  in  library,  1,456. 

Normal  School,  5th  District,  Mansfield,  Tioga  Co.  F.  A.  ALLEN,  Principal.  First  organ 
ized  in  1854  as  a  classical  academy,  recognized  as  a  Normal  School  in  December,  1862.  Build 
ings  and  other  property  valued  at  $49,000.  Teachers — males,  4 ;  females.  5.  Whole  number  of 
students  since  recognition,  1,290;  graduates,  37 ;  number  of  students  in  1867 — in  Normal  School, 
males,  130;  females,  152;  total,  282;  graduates,  21 ;  in  Model  School— males,  60 ;  females,  63; 
total,  123 ;  volumes  in  library,  630. 

Keystone  Normal  School,  3d  District,  Kutztown.  J.  S.  ERMENTRATJT,  Princiital.  Re 
cognized  as  a  state  institution  in  1866.  Buildings  and  other  property  are  valued  at  $55,000. 
Te'achers — males,  11 ;  females,  2.  Whole  number  of  students  in  1867,  in  Normal  School — males, 
266 ;  females,  77 ;  total,  343 ;  in  Model  School— males,  35 ;  females,  25 ;  total,  60 ;  volumes  in 
library,  1,000. 

Colleges.  Fourteen  colleges  reported  in  1867 — 112  professors  and  tutors  ;  2,120  students,  of 
whom  910  were  in  preparatory  departments,  106  in  partial  courses,  and  136  preparing  to  teach. 
The  whole  number  of  graduates  was  6,262,  of  whom  214  graduated  last  year.  There  were  94,236 
volumes  in  the  college  libraries,  and  they  had  apparatus  valued  at  $61,700.  The  income  was 
$39,195  from  tuition,  and  $86,201  from  invested  funds ;  the  endowment  funds  and  other  property 
were  increased  $262,422. 

Academies  and  Seminaries.  Thirty-two  reported— 190  instructors ;  4,444  students ;  2,- 
242  males  and  2,202  females ;  of  whom  2,287  were  day  scholars,  and  1,694  boarders,  463  not  being 
specified.  These  institutions  had  21,959  volumes  in  their  libraries,  and  apparatus  to  the  amount 
of  $5,470.  The  value  of  their  property  was  $522,342;  income,  $147,931,  and  expenditures, 
$131,973. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Charitable  institutions  of  this  state  are  on  a  plan  commensurate  with 
its  wealth  and  extent,  and  are  liberally  provided  for  by  the  government. 

There  are  six  incorporated  asylums  for  the  Insane,  besides  several  private 
institutions  for  the  same  class.  The  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
founded  more  than  one  hundred  years  ago,  has  been  modified  and  improved, 
and  is  now  furnished  with  all  the  appliances  necessary  for  the  comfort  of  its 
inmates.  The  State  Lunatic  Hospital  at  Harrisburg,  and  the  Western  Penn 
sylvania  Hospital  near  Pittsburg,  have  been  crowded  with  patients.  New 
buildings  have  been  erected  for  the  latter  institution. 

The  Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  established  in  1820, 
and  the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  founded  in  1833,  receive  state  pupils  from 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware.  Pay  pupils  are  also  admitted. 
Both  have  ample  provision  for  giving  intellectual  and  moral  instruction,  and 
the  pupils  are  successfully  employed  a  part  of  the  time  in  the  workshops. 

The  Pennsylvania  Training  School  for  Feeble-minded  Children,  at  Media, 
was  first  established  in  1852,  as  a  private  institution,  at  Germantown,  but 
was  removed  to  Media  in  1859,  where  a  farm  of  60  acres  and  a  convenient 
building  were  provided  for  it,  the  state  paying  a  part  of  the  expenses. 

The  Philadelphia  House  of  Refuge,  founded  in  1828,  has  two  distinct  de 
partments,  one  for  white  and  one  for  colored  children,  with  grounds  and 
buildings  for  each. 

The  House  of  Refuge  for  Western  Pennsylvania,  chartered  in  1850,  and 
opened  in  1854,  is  for  children  of  both  sexes,  though  more  than  two-thirds 
of  the  inmates  are  boys.  The  schools  are  thoroughly  classified,  and  during 


442  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

the  hours  for  work,  both  boys  and  girls,  are  systematically  employed  in  the 
shops  or  the  necessary  work  of  the  institution. 

There  are  39  schools  and  homes  supported  by  the  state  for  the  care  and 
instruction  of  soldiers'  orphans.  During  the  year  ending  Nov.  30,  1867, 
these  institutions  had  under  their  charge  2,931  pupils,  maintained  at  an 
average  cost  of  $148.43  per  year  for  each  pupil.  The  number  of  pupils  May, 
1868,  was  2,431.  There  are  several  other  city  and  private  humane  institu 
tions. 

Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  Insane,  Philadelphia.  THOMAS  S.  KIRKBRIDGE,  M.  D., 
Superintendent.  Number  of  patients  in  hospital,  Jan.  1, 1867,  296.  Admitted  during  the  year, 
280.  Discharged — recovered,  127 ;  improved,  43 ;  unimproved,  45 ;  died,  25 ;  total,  240.  Re 
maining,  Jan.  1, 1868,  344.  Whole  number  admitted  since  opening  of  hospital— males,  2,960; 
females,  2,374 :  total,  5,064.  Discharged— males,  2,518 ;  females,  2,202 ;  total,  4,720.  Age  of  pa 
tients  at  time  of  admission— under  10  years,  5;  between  10  and  20,  317;  20  and  30, 1,526;  30  and 
40,  1,309 ;  40  and  50,  994 ;  50  and  60,  535 ;  60  and  70,  270 ;  70  and  80,  100 ;  80  and  95,  8 ;  total,  5,064. 
Occupation— farmers,  353 ;  merchants,  262 ;  clerks,  215 ;  laborers,  199 ;  physicians,  52 ;  lawyers, 
54;  clergymen,  29;  seamstresses,  232;  domestics,  247 ;  teachers,  96;  miscellaneous,  1,194 ;  no  oc 
cupation,  2,131 ;  total,  5,064.  Civil  condition— single,  2,353;  married,  2,284 ;  widowed,  427 ;  to 
tal,  5,064.  Supposed  causes  of  insanity— ill  health,  883 ;  intemperance,  369;  loss  of  property, 
167;  disappointed  affections,  71 ;  intense  study,  45;  domestic  difficulties,  102;  grief,  258;  relig 
ious  excitement,  159 ;  puerperal,  189 ;  mental  anxiety,  318 ;  masturbation,  70 ;  injuries  to  the 
head,  67 ;  miscellaneous  and  unascertained,  2,366 ;  total,  5,064. 

State  Lunatic  Hospital,  Harrisburg.  JOHN  CURWEN,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number 
of  patients  under  treatment  during  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1867,  was  497.  Number  admitted 
during  the  year— males,  99;  females,  71;  total,  170.  Discharged— recovered,  51 ;  improved,  39  ; 
unimproved,  33 ;  died,  34 ;  total,  157.  Remaining,  Dec.  31, 1867— males,  185 ;  females,  155 ;  total, 
340.  Whole  number  admitted  since  opening  of  institution,  2,358.  Discharged— recovered,  490 ; 
improved,  545 ;  unimproved,  610 ;  died,  364 ;  total,  2,018.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity— ill  health, 
278 ;  domestic  trouble,  217 ;  over-exertion,  32 ;  epilepsy,  84 ;  fright,  19 ;  intemperance,  68 ;  puer 
peral,  66;  trouble,  254;  disordered  menstruation,  48;  injury  to  the  head,  17;  masturbation,  58; 
excesses,  23 ;  public  excitement,  29 ;  disease  of  the  brain,  10 ;  opium  eating,  8 ;  religious  ex 
citement,  8;  miscellaneous  and  unassigned,  1,139;  total,  2,358.  Social  condition— single,  1,097; 
married,  1,079 ;  widowed,  182;  total,  2,358.  Occupation— farmers,  436;  laborers,  376 ;  house 
wives.  491 ;  daughters  of  farmers,  48 ;  domestics,  82 ;  blacksmiths,  23 ;  carpenters,  32 ;  clerks, 
42 ;  miners,  27 ;  merchants,  42 ;  shoemakers,  29 ;  tailors,  20 ;  teachers,  34 ;  millers,  10 ;  students, 
11;  seamstresses,  14 ;  physicians,  14 ;  lawyers,  14;  no  occupation,  434;  miscellaneous,  179 ;  to 
tal,  2,358. 

Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Philadelphia.  A.  B.  BUTTON, 
A.  M.,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils,  Jan.  1, 1867— males,  99;  females,  89;  total,  188.  Received 
during  the  year— males,  15 ;  females,  13 ;  total,  28.  Left— males,  13 ;  females,  12 ;  total,  25.  Re 
maining,  Jan.  1, 1868— males,  101;  females,  90;  total,  191.  These  are  supported— by  Pennsyl 
vania,  152 ;  New  Jersey,  11 ;  Delaware,  5 ;  scholarships,  3 ;  institution  or  friends,  20.  Of  tho.se 
admitted  in  1867— born  deaf,  11 ;  lost  hearing  by  typhoid  fever,  1 ;  scarlet  fever,  5;  convulsions, 
1 ;  brain  fever,  3 ;  otorrhcea,  1 ;  measles,  2 ;  sickness,  2 ;  a  burn  and  fever,  1 ;  spasms,  1. 

Pennsylvania  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind,  Philadelphia.  WIM. 
CHAPIN,  A.  M.,  Principal.  Number  of  persons  in  the  institution,  Dec.  1, 1866,  181.  Received 
during  the  year,  32.  Discharged  or  left  during  the  year,  27.  Died,  3.  Remaining,  Dec.  1, 1867, 
183.  Of  this  number  there  are— from  Pennsylvania,  157 ;  New  Jersey,  21 ;  Delaware,  2 ;  other 
places,  3;  total,  183. 

Pennsylvania  Training1  School  for  Feeble-Minded  Children,  Media.  ISAAC  N. 
KERLEN,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  The  number  of  inmates,  Dec.  31, 1867,  was  165,  classified  as  fol 
lows — in  school.  84;  in  training  classes,  21 ;  at  farm  and  out  door  labor,  13;  at  housework,  10 ;  in 
asylum.  37.  Those  capable  of  labor  are  engaged  in  the  following  occupations — house  work,  41 ; 
sewing,  21 ;  knitting,  11 ;  farm  and  garden,  8 ;  grading,  etc.,  8  to  19 ;  stone  picking,  etc.,  8  to  19 ; 
shoe  and  mattress  shop,  4. 

House  of  Refuge  for  Western  Pennsylvania,  Pittsburgh.  Rev.  R.  N.  AVERT,  Su 
perintendent.  Number  of  inmates,  September,  1868— males,  155 ;  females,  45 ;  total,  200. 

Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Philadelphia.  Number  of  patients  in  hospital,  April  27, 1867, 
171.  Admitted  during  the  year,  1,787.  Discharged,  1,802.  Remaining,  April  25,  1868,  156. 


1869.]  PENNSYLVANIA.  443 

Average  number  of  patients  maintained,  168.  Average  time  each  patient  remained  in  the 
House,  31,229  days.  Of  those  admitted  during  the  year,  there  were— pay  patients,  421 ;  free,  1,- 
3ft(j ;  total,  1,737 ;  males,  1,351 ;  females,  436 ;  total,  1,787.  There  were  under  18  years  of  age, 
219;  single,  833;  married,  517;  widowed,  218;  total,  1,787.  Nativity — American,  740;  Irish, 
720;  other  foreigners,  327;  total,  1,787.  Since  the  establishment  of  the  Hospital,  in  1752,  there 
have  been  admitted  into  it  80,968  patients,  of  whom  50.698  have  been  poor  persons,  supported  at 
the  expense  of  the  institution.  There  have  been  cured,  52,454;  relieved,  10,243 ;  discharged 
without  material  improvement,  6,107;  discharged  for  misconduct  and  eloped,  1,712 ;  pregnant 
women  safely  delivered,  1,334;  infants  born  in  hospital,  1,254;  died,  7,708. 

Western  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  Pittsburgh.  Number  of  patients  in  hospital,  Jan. 
1,  186(5,  34.  Admitted  during  the  year,  203.  Discharged,  169.  Died,  19.  Remaining,  Jan.  1, 
1S67,  49.  Of  the  discharged  there  were— cured,  137 ;  relieved,  26 ;  unrelieved,  6 ;  total,  169.  Na 
tivity  of  those  admitted— United  States,  98 ;  Ireland,  47 ;  Germany,  29 ;  England,  11 ;  other  for 
eign  countries.18. 

Western  Pennsylvania  Hospital— Insane  Department,  Dixmont.  JOSEPH  A. 
HEED,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  in  hospital,  Jan.  1, 1866,  204.  Received  during  the  year, 
135.  Discharged,  133.  Remaining,  Jan.  1,  1867,  206.  Of  the  discharged,  there  were— males, 
69;  female?,  64;  recovered,  50 ;  improved,  26 ;  unimproved,  18 ;  died,  39.  Total  number  of  insane 
patients  under  treatment  from  1856,  1,005. 

PENITENTIARIES. 

There  are  two  Penitentiaries,  the  Eastern  at  Philadelphia,  and  the  Western 
at  Allegheny  City.  The  separate  or  individual  system  of  discipline  is  adopt 
ed  in  both,  and  its  success  has  been  satisfactory  to  the  inspectors. 

Improvements  which  have  been  introduced  within  the  past  fifteen  years, 
have  been  productive  of  very  beneficial  results.  The  number  of  prisoners 
has  been  largely  increased  since  1864,  and  in  the  Western  Penitentiary  has 
more  than  doubled. 

The  reports  of  these  institutions  are  replete  with  important  facts,  not  only 
in  relation  to  crimes  and  criminals,  but  as  indicating  in  some  degree  the 
crime-cause,  characteristics  of  offenders,  and  the  influence  of  social  relations. 
In  the  Eastern,  Penitentiary,  about  five-eighths  of  the  whole  number  (626), 
had  attended  public  schools,  a  little  over  two-eighths  private  schools,  and 
nearly  one-eighth  never  went  to  school.  Of  the  whole  number  of  commit 
ments  to  this  prison  (5,975),  2,069,  or  34.63  per  cent,  had  no  parents  living ; 
1,571,  or  26.30  per  cent,  had  a  mother  living;  688,  or  11.51  per  cent,  a  father 
living ;  and  only  1,647,  or  27.56  per  cent,  had  both  parents  living.  More 
than  one-half  of  those  convicted  of  crimes  against  property,  and  about  two- 
thirds  of  those  convicted  of  crimes  against  persons,  were  whole  orphans  or 
had  only  a  mother  living. 

State  Penitentiary  for  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia.  JOHN  S. 
HALLOWAY,  Warden.  Number  of  convicts,  Dec.  31,  1866,  569.  Admitted  during  the  year- 
males,  287;  females,  4;  total,  291.  Discharged— by  expiration  of  sentence,  199;  pardoned,  19; 
change  of  sentence,  1 ;  by  order  of  Court,  1 ;  escaped,  1 ;  died,  13 ;  total,  234.  Age  of  those  ad 
mitted—under  18,  7 ;  18  to  25,  145 ;  25  to  30,  58 ;  30  to  40,  58 ;  40  to  50,  11 ;  50  to  70, 12.  Habits- 
abstainers,  52;  moderate  drinkers,  137;  sometimes  intoxicated,  81 ;  often  intoxicated,  21 ;  total, 
291.  There  were  from— Pennsylvania,  149 ;  other  states,  82;  foreign  countries,  60;  total,  291. 
Term  of  sentence— for  1  year  or  less,  46 ;  from  1  to  2  year?,  104 ;  2  to  3  years,  63 ;  3  to  4  years, 
30;  4  to  5  years,  24:  5  to  7  years,  14;  7  to  15  years,  10:  total,  291.  Average  sentence,  2  years,  8 
months  and  16£  days.  Total  number  of  prisoners  received  since  1829,  5,975.  Committed  for 
crimes  against  property,  5,009;  against  persons,  966. 

Western  Penitentiary  of  Pennsylvania,  Allegheny.  G.  A.  SHALLENBERGEB,  Warden. 
In  confinement,  Jan.  1, 1867,  418.  Received  during  the  year,  222.  Discharged— by  expiration 
of  sentence,  113;  pardon,  34;  escape,  5;  death,  2;  total,  154.  Remaining,  Jan.  1, 1868,  486. 
Term  of  sentence— from  1  to  2  years,  108 ;  2  to  3  years,  114 ;  3  to  4  years,  74 ;  4  to  5  years,  47 ;  5 


444  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

to  6  years,  54 ;  6  to  10  years,  56 ;  10  to  16  years,  28 ;  17  to  30  years,  5 ;  total,  486.  Cause  of  com 
mitment — larceny,  215 ;  burglary,  28 ;  horse  stealing,  28 ;  murder,  23 ;  passing  counterfeit  money, 
24;  rape,  17;  arson,  10;  assault,  with  various  intents,  36;  forgery,  7;  felonious  assault  and  bat 
tery,  9;  highway  robbery,  8 ;  robbery,  7;  miscellaneous,  74 ;  total,  486.  Nativity — Pennsylvania, 
215;  other  states,  127;  foreign  countries,  144 ;  total,  486.  Former  habits  of  life— temperate, 
225 ;  moderate,  82 ;  intemperate,  179 ;  total,  486.  Age— from  10  to  20,  64 ;  20  to  30,  257 ;  30  to  40, 
79 ;  40  to  50,  56 ;  50  to  60, 18 ;  60  to  70, 12 ;  total,  486.  Whole  number  received  since  1826— males, 
3,322;  females,  131;  total,  3,453.  Discharged— by  expiration  of  sentence,  2,236;  pardon, 5GO: 
death,  136 ;  suicide,  2 ;  escape,  22 ;  writ  of  error,  3 ;  habeas  corpus,  3 ;  removal,  5 ;  total,  2,967. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

No  state  census  is  authorized  in  Pennsylvania ;  the  population,  as  returned 
by  the  national  census,  was  as  follows : 

Inc.  per  cent.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790 434,373 1830 1,348,233 28.47 

1800 602,301 38.07        1S40 1,724,033 27.87 

1810 810,091 31.49        1850 2,311,786 34.09 

1820 1,047,507 29.55        1S(>0 2,906,115 25.71 

Of  the  population  in  1860,  2,280,004  were  bora  in  the  state ;  195,706  in  other  states  of  the  Un 
ion;  430,505  in  foreign  countries;  of  whom  46,546  were  born  in  England;  201,939  in  Ireland; 
10,137  in  Scotland;  13,101  in  Wales ;  3,484  in  British  America;  138,244  in  Germany;  8,302  in 
France ;  and  8,752  in  other  foreign  countries. 

This  state  was  originally  settled  by  English  and  Welsh  Friends,  or  Qua 
kers,  but  the  population  afterwards  received  large  additions  of  Germans  and 
Irish,  and  some  other  foreigners.  In  some  of  the  middle  and  eastern  coun 
ties,  the  Germans  still  have  papers  printed,  and  schools  taught  in  their  own 
tongue. 

Pennsylvania  is  eminently  an  agricultural  and  mining  state.  Though 
much  of  the  surface  is  broken,  there  are  large  tracts  of  excellent  land.  Farm 
ing  has  been  conducted  with  skill,  especially  in  the  older  portions  of  the 
state,  and  the  yield  of  cereals  and  roots  has  been  abundant.  In  1866,  it  was 
the  first  state  in  the  Union  in  the  amount  of  rye,  oats,  and  buckwheat  har 
vested.  The  most  important  minerals  are  iron  and  coal.  In  1860,  it  pro 
duced  62)^  per  cent,  of  the  quantity,  and  58  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  pig 
iron  in  the  whole  country,  also  46.4  per  cent,  of  the  quantity  and  37.8  per 
cent,  of  the  value  of  bituminous  coal,  and  nearly  all  of  the  anthracite  of  the 
country,  or  nearly  80  per  cent,  of  the  whole  value  of  coal.  Petroleum  is  an 
important  product  in  the  western  part  of  the  state ;  the  petroleum  trade  of 
Pittsburgh  amounts  to  nearly  $13,000,000  annually.  The  export  from  Phil 
adelphia,  in  1868,  was  40,505,620  gallons. 

The  railroads  furnish  good  facilities  for  internal  traffic,  and  the  foreign 
commerce  is  steadily  increasing.  The  state  is  also  largely  engaged  in  manu 
factures. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  35,831,877  bushels  ;  value,  $32,607,008 ;  wheat,  10,519,660  bushels ; 
value,  $28,087,492;  rye,  6,569,090  bushels;  value,  $7,686,537;  oats,  54,954,560  bushels;  value, 
$27,477,280 ;  barley,  621,574  bushels ;  value,  $677,515 ;  buckwheat,  9,718,728  bushels ;  value,  $9,- 
329,979;  potatoes,  15,636,859  bushels ;  value,  $11,884,013;  tobacco,  4,960,886  pounds ;  value,  $843,- 
350;  hay,  1,970,836  tons ;  value,  $31,809,293. 

Banks.  There  were,  Sept.  30, 1868,  205  National  Banks,  of  which  8  were  closed  or  closing, 
and  197  in  operation,  with  a  capital  of  $50,247,390. 


1SC9.]  RHODE  ISLAND.  445 

30.    BHODE  ISLAND. 

Capitals,  Providence,  Newport.  Area,  1,306  square  miles.  Population,  (1865,)  184,965. 
This  State  was  settled  at  Providence  in  1636,  by  the  English  from  Massa 
chusetts  under  Roger  Williams.  It  was  under  the  jurisdiction  ot  Massachu 
setts  until  1662,  when  a  separate  charter  was  granted,  which  continued  to  be 
the  basis  of  the  government  until  the  formation  of  the  State  constitution  in 
September,  1743.  It  was  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States,  and  ratified  the 
United  States  Constitution,  May  29,  1790. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor AMBROSE  E.  BURNSIDE Providence $1,000 

Lieutenant  Governor PARDON  W.  STEVENS Newport 500 

Secretary  of  State JOHN  R.  BARTLETT Providence 1.800 

General  Treasurer SAMUEL  A.  PARKER Newport 1,500 

Auditor JOEL  M.  SPENCER Warwick 1,200 

Attorney  General WILLARD  SAYLES Providence 1,800 

Sup't  of  Public  Instruction J.  B.  CUAPIN Barrington '. 1,200 

Adjutant  General EDWARD  C.  MAURAN Providence 500 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  and 
Attorney  General  are  elected  annually  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  April  for 
the  year  commencing  the  last  Tuesday  of  May.  The  Auditor  is  elected  by 
the  Assembly.  The  Commissioner  of  Schools  is  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
subject  to  confirmation  by  the  Senate.  The  Senate  consists  of  the  Governor, 
who  presides,  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  and  one  Senator  from  each  of  the  thirty- 
four  towns  in  the  State.  The  House  of  Representatives  consists  of  seventy- 
two  members.  The  Legislature  holds  its  regular  session  at  Newport,  on  the 
last  Tuesday  of  May,  and  a  session,  by  adjournment,  at  Providence,  in  January 
following.  The  pardoning  power,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  is  vested 
exclusively  in  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

Every  male  citizen  of  full  age,  one  year  in  the  State,  six  months  in  the 
town,  owning  real  estate  worth  $134  or  renting  $7  per  annum,  and  every 
native  male  citizen  of  full  age,  two  years  in  the  State,  six  months  in  the  town, 
who  is  duly  registered,  who  has  paid  $1  tax,  or  done  militia  service  within 
the  year  is  entitled  to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice,  and  three  Associate  Jus 
tices,  and  is  a  court  of  equity  as  well  as  of  law.  It  is  the  court  of  last  resort 
in  all  matters  of  probate,  and  has  original,  revisory,  and  supervisory  juris 
diction.  It  has  original  jurisdiction,  concurrent  with  the«Court  of  Common 
Pleas  in  each  county,  in  all  civil  suits,  where  the  debt  or  damages  claimed 
amount  to  the  sum  of  $100  or  upward,  or  where  an  easement  in,  or  the  title 
to  real  estate  is  in  question.  The  Supreme  Court  has  exclusive  power  to  try 
all  indictments  for  crimes  which  may  be  punished  by  imprisonment  for  life. 

The  Court  of  Common  Pleas  is  holden  by  some  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  who  is  assigned  to  that  duty  by  his  associates.  This  court 
has  original  jurisdiction  of  all  civil  actions  at  law,  wherein  the  debt  or  dam- 


446  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

ages  claimed  amount  to  $50  or  upward,  or  where  the  title  to  real  estate  is  in 
question.  This  court  has  concurrent  criminal  jurisdiction  with  the  Supreme 
Court,  except  as  to  indictments  for  crimes  which  may  be  punished  by  im 
prisonment  for  life,  and  has  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  all  appeals,  civil  or 
criminal,  from  Justices  of  the  Peace  or  Courts  of  the  Magistrates. 

The  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  are  chosen  by  the  General  Assembly, 
and  hold  office  until  they  are  removed  by  a  resolution  passed  by  both  houses 
of  that  body,  and  voted  for  by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each 
house. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Nathan  Clifford.  District  Judge,  J.  R.  Bullock.  District  Attorney,  Wingate 
Hayes.  Marshal,  Robert  Sherman.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  Henry  Pitman. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Cliief  Justice,  George  A.  Brayton,  Warwick.  Associate  Justices,  Elisha  R.  Potter,  South 
Kingston  ;  Walter  S.  Burges,'Cranston  ;  Thomas  Durfee,  Providence.  Clerks  of  the  Supreme 
Court — Neivport  County,  Thomas  W.  Wood ;  Providence  County,  Charles  Blake ;  Bristol  County, 
Charles  A.  Waldron ;  Kent  County,  Samuel  L.  Tillinghast ;  Washington  County,  John  G.  Clarke. 
The  same  are  Clerks  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  except  in  Providence  county,  Daniel  R. 
Ballon,  and  in  Washington  county,  John  Henry  Wells,  are  Clerks  of  the  latter  court. 

Salary  of  Chief  Justice  $3,000,  of  each  Associate  Justice  $2,500. 

TERMS  OP  SUPREME  COURT. 

Bristol  County,  1st  Monday  in  March,  2d  Monday  in  September ;  Kent  County,  2d  Monday  in 
March,  4th  Monday  in  August ;  Neivport  County,  3d  Monday  in  March  and  September;  Provi 
dence  County,  4th  Monday  in  March,  and  1st  Monday  in  October ;  Washington  County,  3d  Mon 
day  in  February  and  August. 

TERMS  OF  COURT  OF  COMMON  PLEAS. 

Bristol  County,  1st  Monday  in  May,  and  last  Monday  in  October ;  Kent  County,  2d  Monday  in 
October  and  April ;  Newport  County,  3d  Monday  in  May  and  November ;  Providence  County,  1st 
Monday  in  June  and  December  for  civil  business,  and  in  March  and  September  for  criminal 
business  ;  WasJdngton  County,  2d  Monday  in  May,  1st  Monday  in  November. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  May  1,  1867,  -  ....  $135,837.37 
Receipt  from  State  tax,  -  82,668.40 
Dividends  on  School  Fund,  -  -  23,788.75 
Miscellaneous  receipts, 155,942.09 


Total, $397,736.61 

Payments  for  salaries, -  $25,471.36 

Pay  of  members  and  expenses  of  General  Assembly,         -        -        15,154.01 

Public  Schools,     ----- 49,997.36 

Accounts  allowed  by  the  General  Assembly,      ....       102,862.51 

Miscellaneous, 64,331.81 

Balance  in  the  Treasury, 139,919.56 


Total, $397,736.61 

There  was  no  State  debt  in  1860.  The  debt  created  on  account  of  the  war 
amounted  to  $4,000,000  in  1865,  but  in  1868  it  had  been  reduced  to  $3,- 
141,500. 


1869.]  RHODE  ISLAND.  447 

EDUCATION. 

Brown  University,  founded  in  1764,  is  the  only  college  in  this  State.  It 
has  been  successfully  conducted  and  has  a  prosperous  scientific  school  which 
received  the  avails  of  the  agricultural  land  scrip  granted  to  Rhode  Island. 
There  are  a  few  nourishing  academies  in  the  State. 

The  Public  Schools  are  under  the  general  supervision  of  a  State  School 
Commissioner.  The  report  of  this  officer  in  1868,  represents  education  as 
advancing  in  the  State.  School  committees,  and,  in  some  cases,  superin 
tendents  in  towns  and  cities,  exercise  a  local  supervision  over  the  schools 
within  their  jurisdiction,  and  report  annually  to  the  State  Commissioner. 

A  State  Normal  School  was  in  operation  until  1865,  when  it  was  suspend 
ed.  The  Commissioner  strongly  recommends  its  re-establishment.  One 
thousand  dollars  was  paid  in  1867  to  two  Academies,  for  imparting  instruc 
tion  to  pupils  in  "  Normal  Departments  "  of  these  institutions. 

Common  Schools.  Number  of  towns,  34 ;  number  of  children  under  15  years  of  age, 
50,934 ;  number  of  school  districts,  400 ;  number  of  scholars — in  summer  schools,  24,593 ;  aver 
age  attendance,  19,972 ;  in  winter  schools,  30,780 ;  average  attendance,  23,720 ;  amount  of  Per 
manent  School  Fund,  $412,685 ;  amount  appropriated— annually  by  the  State,  $50,000 ;  last  year 
by  towns,  $165,361 ;  amount  from  registry  taxes  and  other  sources,  $10,867.42 ;  amount  from 
rate-bills,  $9,639.66 ;  balance,  $10,058.97 ;  from  all  sources.  $324,830.89  •  amount  expended  on 
school  houses,  $89,098.08. 

CHAKITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  beneficiaries  of  Rhode  Island,  are  to  a  considerable  extent,  maintained 
at  institutions  in  other  States.  In  1868,  the  State  had  7  pupils  in  the  Ameri 
can  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at  Hartford,  and  9  in  the  Perkins'  Insti 
tution  for  the  Blind,  at  South  Boston. 

The  largest  number  of  the  indigent  insane  are  at  the  Butler  Asylum,  in 
Providence ;  but  the  accommodations  here  being  limited,  a  considerable 
number  are  supported  elsewhere.  In  1868,  the  State  had  24  beneficiaries  at 
the  Vermont  Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Brattleboro,  and  4  at  the  State  Luna 
tic  Asylum  of  Mass.  In  the  Butler  Asylum  there  are  two  classes  of  patients 
supported  in  part  by  the  State.  The  larger  class  consists  of  insane  poor,  sent 
by  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor  of  the  towns  to  which  they  belong ;  for  these 
the  State  pays  $120  each  per  year.  The  other  class  are  beneficiaries  supported 
in  part  by  their  friends,  and  in  part  by  the  State,  the  amount  depending  on 
the  number. 

The  Hospital  has  been  managed  with  economy  and  success ;  the  charge 
for  board  has  been  kept  at  very  low  rates. 

The  Providence  Reform  School,  though  not  a  State  institution,  received  the 
last  year  $18,000  from  the  State  for  board  of  inmates.  This  school  admits 
both  sexes,  and  provides  for  their  education  and  for  their  employment  in  in 
dustrial  pursuits. 

The  State  Prison  is  reported  as  well  conducted.  Considerable  change  was 
made  in  the  interior  administration  of  the  prison  in  1867,  by  a  change  in 
officers  and,  to  some  extent,  in  the  discipline.  Gratifying  improvements  are 
noted  by  the  Inspectors.  The  chapel  services  and  the  Library  have  been 


448  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

found  very  beneficial  in  their  moral  and  general  influence  for  good.  The 
labor  of  the  convicts  has  been  let  by  contract ;  nearly  all  have  been  con 
stantly  employed. 

Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Providence.  JOHN  W.  SAWYER,  M.  D.,  Superinten 
dent.  Number  of  patients  Jan.  1,  18G7,— males,  59 ;  females,  60 ;  total,  119.  Admitted  during 
the  year— males,  41 ;  females,  36 ;  total,  77.  Discharged— recovered,  29  ;  improved,  17 ;  unim 
proved,  5  ;  died,  14;  total,  65.  Remaining  Jan.  1,  1868 — males,  67;  females,  64;  total,  101 . 

Reform  School,  Providence.  JAMES  M.  TALCOTT,  Superintendent.  Number  in  school 
Nov.  30,  1866 — males,  144  ;  females,  63;  total,  207.  Commitments  during  the  year— males,  137  ; 
females,  18 ;  total,  157.  Discharged — males,  132;  females,  33;  total,  165.  Remaining  Nov.  30, 
1867 — males,  151 ;  females,  48  ;  total,  199.  Average  time  in  the  institution  of  those;  discharged 
— males,  15  months  ;  females,  28£  months.  Causes  of  commitment  during  the  year — theft,  58; 
vagrancy,  11 ;  stubbornness  and  truancy,  16 ;  to  await  trial,  38 ;  malicious  mischief,  9  ;  returned 
from  places  for  cause,  11 ;  miscellaneous,  44 ;  total,  157.  Age— 10  years  and  under,  25  ;  11  years, 
16 ;  12  years,  15 ;  13  years,  20 ;  14  years,  13 ;  15  years,  24 ;  16  years,  26 ;  17  and  upwards,  18 ;  total, 
157.  Parentage — American,  60;  Irish,  85 ;  other  foreign,  12;  total,  157.  Whole  number  re 
ceived  since  Nov.  1850— males,  1,236  ;  females,  366  ;  total,  1,602. 

State  Prison,  Providence.  NELSON  YIALL,  Warden.  Number  of  prisoners  Jan.  1, 1867,  72. 
There  have  been  committed  since,  25.  Discharged,  27.  Pardoned,  9.  Died,  2.  Remaining 
Jan.  1, 1868— males,  56  ;  females,  3  ;  total,  59.  Of  these  52  are  white,  and  7  colored.  Nativity 
—United  States,  44 ;  foreigners,  15 ;  total,  59.  Number  of  prisoners  since  1838— males,  529 ; 
females,  14 ;  total,  543.  Nativity— Rhode  Island,  215  ;  other  States,  164 ;  foreign  countries,  164  ; 
total,  543.  Cause  of  commitment — larceny,  250  ;  murder,  22 ;  passing  counterfeit  money,  31 ; 
burglary,  37 ;  assaults  with  various  intents,  64;  robbery,  30;  arson,  20;  house  breaking,  11; 
miscellaneous,  78 ;  total,  543.  Number  under  20  years  of  age,  100 ;  from  20  to  30,  272 ;  from  30 
to  40, 101 ;  from  40  to  50,  50  ;  from  50  to  60, 12 ;  from  60  to  70,  7 ;  over  70, 1. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  as  given  by  the  United  States  Census,  was  as  follows  : 

Population.  Increase  per  ct.  Population.  Increase  per  ct. 

1790 69,110 1830 97,199 17.02 

1800 69,122 02         1840 108,830 11.97 

1810 77,031 11.44         1850 147,545 35.57 

1820 88,015 : . .  7.83        1860 174,620 18.35 

The  population  as  given  by  the  State  registration  in  1865,  was  184,965. 

Rhode  Island  is  principally  a  manufacturing  State.  It  is  the  least  in  ex 
tent  in  the  Union,  but  in  proportion  to  population  it  ranks  first  in  the  pro 
duct  of  cotton,  and  second  in  that  of  woolen  manufactures.  Its  abundant 
water  power  and  facilities  for  transportation  have  given  it  advantages  which 
have  been  well  improved.  The  State  has  considerable  coasting  trade  and 
some  foreign  commerce. 

The  cultivated  land  is  moderately  fertile,  but  is  employed  more  in  grazing 
and  for  dairy  purposes,  than  for  tillage  except  in  the  vicinity  of  the  cities 
and  larger  towns.  Very  little  wheat  culture  is  attempted.  Other  crops  are 
more  remunerative  as  well  as  more  abundant  and  certain. 

The  Products  in  1866  were— corn,  408,293  bushels ;  value,  $579,776 ;  rye,  32,658  bushels  ; 
value,  $47,028 ;  oats,  154,222  bushels  ;  value,  $112,582 ;  barley,  35,031  bushels  ;  value,  $40,250 ; 
potatoes,  499,440  bushels  ;  value,  $399,552 ;  hay,  53,379  tons ;  value,  $1.689,979. 

Banks.  Number  of  National  Banks,  62;  capital,  $20,364,800.  Number  of  Savings  Banks, 
25  ;  total  amount  of  deposits,  $21,413,647.14. 

Railroads.  Number  of  miles  of  track  in  Rhode  Island,  170,^  ;  capital  stock,  $37.597,548; 
cost  of  roads,  $39,398,373.14;  cost  of  equipments,  $1,975,664.31;  number  of  passengers  carried  dur 
ing  the  year,  12,101,194 ;  number  of  tons  of  merchandise  carried  during  the  year,  1,320,623;  re 
ceipts  for  the  year,  $5,133,047.14 ;  current  expenses  of  the  year,  $3,989,257.61 ;  net  earnings  of  the 
year,  $1,473,588.56;  indebtedness  by  mortgage,  $11,790,850;  indebtedness  by  preferred  stock, 
$548,800 ;  all  other  indebtedness,  $4,922,022.75. 


1869.]  SOUTH  CAROLINA.  449 

31.    SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

,Capital,  Columbia.    Area,  34,000  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  703,708. 

South  Carolina  was  settled  by  the  English  at  Port  Royal  in  1670,  a  grant 
of  the  territory  having  been  made  in  1662,  by  Charles  II.  to  Lord  Clarendon 
and  others.  The  proprietary  government  at  first  complex,  was  more  confused 
by  the  introduction  of  John  Locke's  Constitution,  soon  after  the  settlement 
of  the  State.  Locke's  scheme  of  government  was  soon  abandoned,  and  in 
1619,  the  two  Carolinas  were  separated,  and  a  royal  government  was  estab 
lished  in  South  Carolina. 

This  is  one  of  the  original  thirteen  States ;  it  established  a  State  Constitution 
March  26,  1776,  and  ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May  23, 
1798.  Its  State  constitution  has  been  frequently  amended.  An  ordinance 
of  secession  was  adopted,  Dec.  20,  1860.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  or  June 
30,  1865,  Benjamin  F.  Terry  was  appointed  Provisional  Governor.  At  a 
State  Convention  which  assembled  September  13,  1865,  the  ordinance  of  se 
cession  was  repealed,  political  privileges  were  extended  to  the  people,  and  a 
new  State  constitution  was  formed  and  adopted.  State  officers  were  appoint 
ed,  the  Provisional  Governor  was  relieved,  December  25,  and  the  authority 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  government  elected  by  the  people.  The  act  of 
Congress,  March,  1867,  placed  this  State  in  the  Second  Military  district,  under 
the  command  of  Gen.  Daniel  E.  Sickles  until  August  26,  when  he  was  re 
lieved,  and  Major  General  R.  S.  Canby  appointed  in  his  place. 

A  State  Convention  assembled  in  Charleston,  January  14,  1868,  and  adopted 
a  constitution  which  was  ratified  by  the  people.  The  State  was  re-admitted 
into  the  Union  by  vote  of  Congress,  June  25,  1868. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor ROBERT  K.  SCOTT Columbia *$3,500 

Lieutenant  Governor LEMUEL  BOOZER Lexington 

Secretary  of  State F.  L.  CARDOZO Columbia t  3,000 

Treasurer  and  Receiver  General NILES  G.  PARKER Columbia 2,500 

Auditor REUBEN  TOMLINSON Columbia 2,500 

Attorney  General D.  II.  CHAMBERLAIN Charleston 3,000 

Supt.  of  Public  Instruction J.  K.  JILLSON Camden 2,500 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture II.  SPARWICK Charleston 1,500 

Adjutant  General F.  J.  MOSES,  JR Sumter 3,000 

The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  must  each  have  attained  the  age  of 
thirty  years,  and  have  been  two  years  a  resident  of  the  State.  They  are 
elected  biennially  by  the  qualified  voters,  and  hold  office  two  years  or  until 
their  successors  are  chosen  and  qualified.  The  next  election  will  be  on  the  3d 
Wednesday  of  October,  1870.  The  Comptroller  General,  Treasurer,  and  Sec 
retary  of  State  are  also  chosen  by  the  qualified  voters  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

The  Senate  is  composed  of  one  member  from  each  county,  except  the 
county  of  Charleston,  which  has  two  Senators ;  the  House  of  Representatives, 
of  124  members  apportioned  among  the  several  counties  according  to  the 
population  of  each. 

*  And  a  furnished  house.  t  Including  Clerk's  pay. 

29 


450  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Senators  must  be  at  least  25,  and  the  Representatives  21  years  of  age. 
Senators  hold  office  for  four  years,  one-half  being  chosen  every  second  year. 
Representatives  hold  office  for  two  years,  and  are  chosen  at  the  same  time  as 
Senators,  at  the  general  election,  3d  Wednesday  in  October. 

Every  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  21  years  of  age,  without  distinc 
tion  of  race,  color  or  former  condition,  who  lias  resided  in  the  State  one  year, 
and  in  the  county  in  which  he  offers  his  vote,  sixty  days  next  preceding  any 
election  is  entitled  to  vote.  Paupers,  convicts,  persons  of  unsound  mind, 
and  all  persons  disqualified  by  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  are 
excluded. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  this  State  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  and  in  two 
Circuit  Courts,  viz :  A  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  having  civil  jurisdiction, 
and  a  Court  of  General  Sessions,  with  criminal  jurisdiction  only;  in  Probate 
Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices, 
two  of  whom  constitute  a  quorum.  They  are  elected  by  a  joint  vote  of  the 
General  Assembly,  for  the  term  of  six  years,  and  continue  in  office  until  their 
successors  are  elected  and  qualified.  They  are  so  classified  that  one  of  the 
Justices  goes  out  of  office  every  two  years. 

The  Chief  Justice  elected  under  the  Constitution  continues  in  office  six  years, 
one  of  the  Associate  Justices  serves  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  one  for 
the  term  of  four  years.  The  Supreme  Court  has  appellate  jurisdiction  only 
in  cases  of  chancery,  and  constitutes  a  court  for  the  correction  of  errors  at 
law.  It  has  power  to  issue  writs  of  injunction,  mandamus,  quo  warranto, 
habeas  corpus,  and  such  other  original  and  remedial  writs  as  may  be  necessary 
to  give  it  a  general  surpervisory  control  over  all  other  courts  in  the  State. 

The  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  have  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  of 
divorce,  and  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  cases  and  actions  ex 
delicto,  which  are  not  cognizable  before  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  appellate 
jurisdiction  in  all  such  cases  as  may  be  provided  by  law.  They  have  power 
to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  prohibition,  scire  facias,  and  all  other  writs 
which  may  be  necessary  for  carrying  their  powers  fully  into  effect. 

The  Court  of  General  Sessions  has  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  all  criminal 
cases  which  are  not  otherwise  provided  for  by  law.  It  shall  sit  in  each 
county  in  the  State  at  least  three  times  in  each  year,  at  such  stated  times  and 
places  as  the  General  Assembly  may  direct. 

The  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  of  the  Circuit  Courts  are  elected  by 
joint  vote  of  the  General  Assembly,  the  former  for  a  term  of  six  years  and  the 
latter  for  a  term  of  four  years.  Judges  of  Probate  Courts  are  elected  by  qual 
ified  voters  of  the  counties  for  two  years.  Clerks  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  are  appointed  in  the  same  way  for  four  years.  The  Clerk  and  Reporter  of 
the  Supreme  Court  are  appointed  by  the  Judges,  and  hold  office  two  years. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

.Circuit  Judge,  Salmon  P.  Chase.  District  Judge,  George  S.  Bryan.  District  Attorney,  D.  T. 
Corbin.  Marshal,  J.  r.  M.  Epping. 


1869.]  SOUTH  CAROLINA.  451 

JUDGES  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  F.  J.  Moses,  Sumter.  Associate  Justices,  A.  J.  Willard,  Charleston  ;  S.  L.  Hoge, 
Columbia.  Salaries— of  Chief  Justice,  $4,000;  of  others,  $3,500  each. 

JUDGES  OF  CIRCUIT  COURT. 

R.  B.  Carpenter,  Charleston;  Zeph.  Platt,  Aiken  ;  John  T.  Green,  Sumter;  J.  P.  Rutland, 
Winnsboro  ;  Lemuel  Boozer,  Lexington ;  T.  O.  P.  Vernon,  Spartanburg ;  W.  M.  Thomas,  Green 
ville  ;  James  L.  Orr,  Anderson.  Salaries,  $3,500  each. 

FINANCES. 

The  Treasury  accounts  from  Oct.  1,  1867,  to  April  30,  1868, 
were  kept  byWm.  Hood,  late  Treasurer,  who  reported  as 
the  receipts  to  latter  date,  -  $494,427.42 

Receipts  from  April  30,  to  October  31, 1868,  339,827.57 

Total,  $834,254.99 

Payments  to  April  30,  reported  by  Win.  Hood,  late  Treasurer,       $398,881.16 
Payments  from  April  30,  to  October  31,  409,088.76 

Balance  in  Treasury,  October  31,  1868,  -         26,285.07 

Total,  $834,254.99 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  entire  bonded  debt  of  the  State,  October  1,  1868,  was  $5,407,306.27, 
of  which  $484,444.51,  issued  in  1838  for  the  rebuilding  of  Charleston,  was 
due  in  July,  1868.  Bonds  and  stocks  of  the  State  had  also  been  issued  for 
Military  Defence,  from  Dec.  1860,  amounting,  Oct.  1,  1866,  to  $2,141,840, 
with  interest  due  at  date,  $324,004.42.  The  assets  of  the  State,  consisting 
of  shares  in  railroad  and  turnpike  companies,  which  were  a  source  of  rev 
enue  before  the  war,  amounted,  Oct.  1,  1868  to  $2,754,660. 

EDUCATION. 

The  supervision  of  public  instruction  is  vested  in  a  State  Superintendent 
of  Education,  chosen  by  the  people  at  the  same  time  as  other  State  officers. 
There  is  elected  biennially  in  each  county,  one  School  Commissioner,  and  the 
Commissioners  constitute  a  State  Board  of  Education,  of  which  the  State 
Superintendent  is  by  virtue  of  his  office,  chairman. 

The  new  constitution  requires  the  General  Assembly  to  provide  for  a  uni 
form  system  of  free  public  schools ;  for  the  division  of  the  State  into  school 
districts ;  for  the  compulsory  attendance  at  either  public  or  private  schools, 
of  all  children  between  the  ages  of  6  and  16  years  not  physically  or  mentally 
disabled ;  for  levying  a  tax  on  property  and  polls  for  the  support  of  schools ; 
for  the  establishment  and  support  of  a  State  Normal  School ;  of  educational 
institutions  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind  ;  of  a  State  Reform  School,  and  for 
the  State  University  and  Agricultural  College.  All  the  public  schools,  colleges, 
and  universities  of  this  State,  supported  in  whole  or  in  part  by  the  public 
funds,  are  free  and  open  to  all  the  children  and  youth  of  the  State  without 
regard  to  race  or  color. 

The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have  been  or  hereafter  may  be  given  by  the 
United  States  to  this  State  for  educational  purposes,  and  not  otherwise  appro- 


452  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

priated  by  this  State  or  the  United  States,  and  of  all  lands  or  other  property 
given  by  individuals  or  appropriated  by  the  State  for  like  purpose,  and  of  all 
estates  of  deceased  persons  who  have  died  without  leaving  a  will  or  heir,  are 
to  be  securely  invested  and  sacredly  preserved  as  a  State  School  Fund,  and 
the  annual  interest  and  income  of  said  fund,  together  with  such  other  means 
as  the  General  Assembly  may  provide,  are  to  be  faithfully  appropriated  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  and  maintaining  free  public  schools,  and  for  no 
other  purposes  or  uses  whatever. 

CHAKITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  constitution  directs  that  institutions  for  the  benefit  of  the  insane, 
blind,  deaf  and  dumb,  and  the  poor,  shall  always  be  fostered  and  supported 
by  this  State,  and  shall  be  subject  to  such  regulations  as  the  General  Assem 
bly  may  enact.  The  Directors  of  the  Penitentiary  are  to  be  elected  or  ap 
pointed  as  the  General  Assembly  may  direct.  The  Directors  of  benevolent 
and  other  State  institutions,  created  after  the  ratification  of  the  constitution, 
are  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate ; 
and  upon  all  nominations  made  by  the  Governor,  the  question  shall  be  taken 
by  yeas  and  nays,  and  entered  upon  the  journals. 

The  respective  counties  of  this  State  are  required  to  make  such  provision 
as  may  be  determined  by  law,  for  all  those  inhabitants  who  by  reason  of  age 
and  infirmities  or  misfortunes,  may  have  a  claim  upon  the  sympathy  and  aid 
of  society. 

The  Physician  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  who  is  Superintendent  of  the  same, 
is  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 
All  other  necessary  officers  and  employees  are  appointed  by  the  Governor. 

Lunatic  Asylum,  Columbia.  J.  W.  PARKER,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  in  Asylum, 
Nov.  1,  1866,  142;  received  during  the  year,  85,  making  a  total  of  227.  Discharged— cured,  25; 
eloped,  2;  removed,  3  ;  died,  11 ;  total,  41.  Remaining,  Jan.  1,  1867— males,  88;  females,  99  ; 
total,  187.  Of  these,  there  are— paying  class,  61 ;  paupers,  126 ;  total,  187. 

Expenditures  for  Charitable  Institutions.  Expenditures  in  building  South  Carolina 
Penitentiary— from  Nov.  14,  1866  to  Oct.  31, 1867,  $66,942.86  ;  from  Nov.  1,  1867  to  Oct.  31,  1868, 
$80,112.42 ;  total,  $147,055.28.  Expenditures  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum— for  1866,  $47,344.91 ;  for 
1867,  $39,503.95 ;  for  1868,  $58,024.15  ;  total,  $144,873.01. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  this  State  at  each  decade  since  1790  was  as  follows: 

Census.  White.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790 140,178 1,801 107,094. 249,073 

1800 196,255 3,185 146,151 345,591 38,75 

1810 214,196 4,554 196,365 415,105 20.12 

1820 237,440 6,822 258,475 502,741 21.11 

1830 257,863 7,921 315,401 581,185 15.06 

1840 259,084 8,276 327,0:58 594,398 2.27 

1850 274,563 8,900 384,984 668,507 12.47 

1860 291,388 9,914 402,406 703,708 5.27 

The  large  increase  of  the  colored  population  of  this  State,  both  free  and 
slaves,  from  1790  to  1860  is  particularly  noticeable.  While  the  increase  in 
the  white  population  was  but  107  per  cent,  in  70  years,  the  increase  of  col 
ored  persons  was  more  than  275  per  cent.,  and  though  less  than  44  per 


1869.]  SOUTH  CAROLINA.  453 

cent,  in  1790,  it  was  greater  than  the  white  population  in  1820,  and  in  1860, 
constituted  more  than  58  per  cent,  of  the  whole  population. 

This  State  has  been  largely  engaged  in  agriculture,  the  amount  of  its  chief 
products  in  1860,  being — wheat,  1,285,637  bushels;  Indian  corn,  15,065,606 
bushels;  oats,  936,974  bushels;  rice,  119,100,528  Ibs. ;  and  cotton,  141,265,200 
Ibs.  It  was  the  seventh  State  in  the  product  of  cotton,  and  its  product  of 
rice  exceeded  that  of  all  the  other  States  together  by  more  than  50,000,000 
Ibs.  The  value  of  live  stock  in  1860,  was  $23,934,465.  At  that  time  there 
were  in  the  State,  12,165,049  acres  of  improved,  and  11,623,860  acres  of  un 
improved  lands. 

The  effects  of  the  late  war  were  to  depreciate  the  value  of  real  estate,  and 
especially  agricultural  property,  and  to  change  the  system  of  labor  and  cul 
tivation.  The  partial  failure  of  the  cotton  crop,  and  the  entire  failure  of  the 
grain  crops  in  some  parts  of  the  State  in  1866,  following  so  soon  after  the 
destruction  of  property  caused  by  the  war,  left  much  of  the  State  in  an  im 
poverished  condition.  A  joint  resolution  of  Congress  authorized  the  distri 
bution  by  the  officers  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  of  large  supplies  of  food, 
which  relieved  the  immediate  wants  of  the  people,  but  the  general  indebted 
ness,  the  scarcity  of  money,  the  want  of  reliable  laborers,  and  the  unsettled 
condition  of  the  country,  have  prevented  a  general  and  successful  development 
of  the  resources  of  the  State ;  and  if  to  these  facts  there  be  added  the  great 
depreciation  in  the  price  of  cotton,  some  of  the  difficulties  which  have 
attended  industrial  occupations  may  be  comprehended.  The  natural  re 
sources  of  the  State  are,  however,  good,  and  the  determination  to  accept  the 
changed  condition  of  things  and  develop  these  resources,  with  the  induce 
ments  offered  to  immigrants  will,  it  is  believed,  attract  capital  and  enterprise 
which  will  be  successfully  employed.  Governor  Scott  in  his  message  to  the 
Legislature  urges  prompt  provision  for  the  extinguishment  of  the  State  debt, 
rigid  economy  and  equitable  taxation,  to  insure  the  regular  payment  of  ac 
crued  and  coming  due  interest. 

The  valuation  and  assessment  of  lands  and  improvements  is  to  be  made 
prior  to  the  meeting  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1870,  and  every  fifth  year 
thereafter.  The  real  and  personal  property  of  a  woman,  held  at  the  time  of 
her  marriage,  or  acquired  afterwards,  is  not  subject  to  levy  and  sale  for  her 
husband's  debts,  but  is  held  as  her  separate  property. 

Gold  has  been  found  in  several  places,  and  the  mines  have  been  worked 
successfully  in  the  Abbeville  and  Edgefield  districts.  These  mines  were  neg 
lected  for  a  time,  but  work  was  resumed  on  them  in  1866,  with  satisfactory 
results.  The  first  mint  deposits  from  South  Carolina  were  $3,500  in  1827 ; 
the  aggregate  of  such  deposits  to  June  30,  1866,  was  $1,353,663.98. 

The  manufacturing  interest  of  the  State  is  increasing  in  importance.  Sev 
eral  cotton  and  paper  mills  have  been  supplied  with  new  and  improved 
machinery  and  put  in  successful  operation. 

Products  for  1866.  Corn,  6,026,242  bushels,  value,  $9,521,462;  wheat,  642,815  bushels, 
value,  $2,050,580 ;  rye.  53,454  bushels,  value,  $105,839 ;  oats,  655,881  bushels,  value,  $728,028 ; 
potatoes,  158,714  bushels,  value,  $163,475  ;  hay,  70,069  tons,  value,  $1,541,518. 

Banks.    The  number  of  National  Banks,  September  30, 1868,  was  3,  with  a  capital  of  $685,000. 


454  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

32.    TENNESSEE. 

Capital,  Nashville.    Area,  45,600  square  miles.    Population,  (1800,)  1,109,801. 

Tennessee  was  first  settled  at  Fort  Donelson,  in  1756,  by  emigrants  from 
Virginia  and  North  Carolina ;  it  originally  formed  a  part  of  the  latter  State, 
but  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  1784.  A  constitution  was  adopted 
February  6,  1796,  and  the  State  admitted  into  the  Union  June  1,  of  the  same 
year. 

At  the  time  the  other  southern  States  were  seceding  from  the  Union,  or  on 
the  9th  of  February,  1861,  the  question  of  a  convention  for  the  State  was 
submitted  to  the  people,  when  a  majority  of  64,114  voted  against  a  conven 
tion.  An  extra  session  of  the  Legislature  called  by  the  Governor,  convened 
on  the  25th  of  April,  1861,  and  on  the  9th  of  May  passed  an  ordinance  of 
secession,  which  was  repealed  in  February,  1865.  The  State  was  restored  to 
her  former  relations  to  the  Union,  and  admitted  to  representation  in  Con 
gress,  by  a  resolution  which  was  approved  by  the  President,  July  24,  1866. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALAKT. 

Governor WILLIAM  G.  BROWNLOW Knoxville $3,000 

Secretary  of  /State A.  J.  FLETCHER Cleveland 2,300 

Treasurer JOHN  R.  HENRY Knoxville 2,800 

Attorney  General T.  H.  COLDWELL'. Shelbyville 1,500 

Auditor G.  W.  BLACKBURN Nashville 2,850 

Sup't  of  Public  Instruction JOHN  EATON,  Jr Memphis 2,400 

Adjutant  General D.  T.  BOYNTON Knoxville 1,800 

State  Librarian A.  GATTINGER Nashville 1,000 

The  Governor  is  elected  by  the  people,  by  a  plurality  vote,  for  two  years. 
The  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  Comptroller,  and  Attorney  General,  are 
chosen  by  the  Legislature  on  joint  ballot,  the  Secretary  of  State  for  four  years, 
the  others  for  two  years.  The  sessions  of  the  Legislature  are  biennial.  The 
members  of  both  houses  are  elected  for  two  years. 

The  constitution  adopted  in  1834,  gave  the  elective  franchise  to  every  free 
white  man  of  the  age  of  21  years,  being  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
for  six  months  a  resident  of  the  county ;  provided,  that  all  persons  of  color 
wTho  are  competent  witnesses  in  a  court  of  justice  against  a  white  man,  may 
also  vote. 

By  the  amendment  of  1866,  the  qualifications  of  voters  and  the  limitation 
of  the  elective  franchise  was  to  be  determined  by  the  General  Assembly  which 
first  assembled  under  the  amended  constitution.  The  General  Assembly  ex 
tended  the  right  of  suffrage  to  the  blacks,  and  excluded  certain  classes  of 
those  engaged  in  the  rebellion. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  the  Supreme  Court,  and  such  inferior  courts 
as  the  Legislature  may  from  time  to  time  establish.  The  Supreme  Court  con 
sists  of  three  Judges,  who  reside  in  the  three  divisions  of  the  State.  The 
inferior  courts,  so  called,  are  Courts  of  Chancery,  Circuit  Courts,  County 
Courts,  and  Justices'  Courts. 


1869.]  TENNESSEE.  455 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Noah  H.  Swayne.  District  Judge,  C.  F.  Trigg.  District  Attorney— Eastern  Dis 
trict,  Crawford  W.  Hall ;  Middle  District,  II.  H.  Harrison ;  Western  District,  S.  L.  Warren. 
Marshal— Eastern  District,  Blackstone  McDaniel ;  Middle  District,  Edwin  R.  Glasscock ;  West 
ern  District,  J.  M.  Tomcny.  Cleric  of  District  Court— Middle  District,  R.  McP.  Smith.  Clerk  of 
Circuit  and  District  Courts— Western  District,  A.  S.  Mitchell. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Judges.    Messrs.  Milligan,  Hawkins,  Shackleford.     Cleric,  Jesse  G.  Frazier. 

CHANCERY  COURT. 

Chancellor,  David  Campbell,  Franklin.     Cleric,  Morton  B.  Howell. 

FINANCES. 
The  Receipts   of  the  Treasury  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 

September  30,  1867,  were,  -  -  $2,336,444.94 
Disbursements,  -  -  $  1,776,517.33 
Expenditures  not  included  in  report, 483,004.84 

Balance  in  Treasury,    -  $76,922.77 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  entire  State  liabilities  amounted  to  $32,562,323.58,  of  which  $23,601,- 
000  was  represented  by  bonds  loaned  to  railroads. 

EDUCATION. 

The  first  public  institution  for  higher  education  west  of  the  Alleghanies, 
was  organized  in  East  Tennessee  in  1780  or  1781,  at  Salem  in  Washington 
county.  Washington  College,  Greenville  College,  Blount  College  at  Knox- 
ville,  now  East  Tennessee  University,  were  all  incorporated  at  about  the  same 
time,  (1794  or  1795,)  and  have  exerted  an  important  influence  in  the  cause 
of  education  in  this  State.  The  State  University  at  Nashville  and  several 
Academies  and  Schools  of  a  higher  order  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  af 
ford  facilities  for  higher  education. 

The  cause  of  Public  Education  has  received  a  new  impulse  by  the  system 
of  Free  Schools  which  has  been  established  since  the  war.  The  State  Super 
intendent  has  the  general  supervision  of  public  schools.  County  Superin 
tendents  have  been  appointed  in  the  different  districts,  and  by  their  efforts 
and  co-operation  with  the  State  Superintendent  have  done  much  towards 
organizing  a  successful  school  system.  The  State  Library  has  about  17,000 
volumes,  of  which  7,000  are  duplicates. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  principal  charitable  institutions  are  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  at  Knoxville,  the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  and  the  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  at  Nashville. 

These  institutions  were  much  injured  during  the  war  by  the  destruction  of 
fences  and  furniture,  and  damage  to  the  buildings.  The  Hospital  for  the 
Insane  has  been  much  improved,  and  several  additions  and  outbuildings 


456  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

have  been  completed,  but  increased  accommodations  are  much  needed.  Pro 
vision  was  made  by  the  Legislature  in  1865  and  1866  for  the  erection  of  a 
hospital  for  the  colored  insane. 

The  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  first  established  in  1845,  was  in  a  pros 
perous  condition  in  1861,  when  it  was  closed,  and  the  pupils  separated  to 
their  homes  ;  the  building  was  used  for  hospital  purposes  by  both  armies  in 
turn.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  it  was  again  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Trust 
ees,  repairs  were  made,  and  it  was  re-opened  Dec.  7,  1866.  The  number  of 
pupils  is  steadily  increasing. 

The  State  Penitentiary  at  Nashville,  went  into  operation  in  1831.  It  is 
conducted  on  the  silent  system. 

Tennessee  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Nashville.  W.  P.  JONES,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  in  hospital  April  1,  1865— males,  94;  females,  76;  total,  170.  Admitted  from  April  1, 
1865  to  Oct.l,  1867— males,  163;  females,  100;  total,  263.  Discharged— recovered,  92;  improved, 
44;  unimproved,  5 ;  eloped,  9;  died,  36;  total,  186.  Remaining  Oct.  1,  1867— males,  138;  fe 
males,  109 ;  total,  247.  Of  these  there  are— pay  patients,  50 ;  indigent,  197 ;  total,  247.  Age  of 
those  admitted— 20  and  under,  20 ;  from  20  to  30,  77 ;  30  to  40, 69 ;  40  to  50,  51 :  50  to  60,  16  ;  60  to 
70,  11 ;  70  to  90,  4 ;  unknown,  15.  Occupation — farmers,  87  ;  house-keepers,  86 ;  soldiers,  11 ; 
merchants,  13 ;  students,  12 ;  miscellaneous  and  no  occupation,  56.  Supposed  cause  of  insanity 
— intemperance,  26 ;  hereditary,  47 ;  religious  excitement,  11 ;  epilepsy,  9 ;  war  excitement, 
27;  disappointed  affection,  12 ;  over  work,  10 ;  injury  to  head,  7 ;  onanism,  7 ;  ill  health,  7 ;  mis 
cellaneous  and  unknown,  100 ;  total,  263.  Nativity— Tennessee,  181 ;  other  States,  43 ;  foreign 
countries,  39 ;  total,  263. 

Tennessee  Deaf  and  Dumb  School,  Knoxville.  J.  H.  IJAMS,  A.  B.,  Principal.  Num 
ber  of  pupils  Nov.  1,  1867— males,  30;  females,  26;  total,  56. 

Tennessee  Blind  School,  Nashville.  J.  M.  STURTEVANT,  Superintendent.  Number  of 
inmates,  September  1868,  35. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  the  State  as  given  by  the  United  States  Census  at  differ 
ent  periods,  was  as  follows : 

Whites.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Inc.  peT  cent. 

1790 32,013 361 3,417 35,791 

1800 91,709 309 13,584 105.602 195.05 

1810 215,875 1,317 44,535 261^27 147.84 

1820 339,927 2,727 80,107 422,761 61.55 

1830 535,746 4,555 141,603 681,904 61.28 

1840 640,627 5,524 183,059 829,210 21,06 

1850 756,836 6,422 239,459. 1,002,717 20.92 

1860 826,782 7,300 275,719 1,109,801 10.68 

The  colored  population  reported  in  1860  was  principally  in  the  middle 
and  western  portions  of  the  State,  there  being  only  about  22,000  or  less  than 
one  twelfth  in  East  Tennessee.  The  length  of  the  State  is  nearly  four  times 
as  much  as  its  breadth,  and  it  extends  over  only  about  one  and  a  half  de 
grees  of  latitude,  yet  the  peculiarities  of  its  surface  are  such  that  it  is  usually 
divided  into  three  sections  in  regard  to  climate  and  agricultural  capabilities. 

The  Eastern  section  is  much  broken  by  mountains  and  hills,  and  before  the 
war  was  engaged  principally  in  stock-raising,  wool-growing,  and  the  pro 
duction  of  corn  and  wheat. 

Middle  Tennessee  is  less  broken,  though  a  portion  of  its  surface  consists 
of  elevated  table  lands,  producing  tobacco,  corn,  wheat,  oats,  rye,  and  the 
vegetables  and  fruits  adapted  to  the  climate. 

West  Tennessee  is  more  nearly  level,  and  before  the  war  was  more  exten- 


1869.]  TEXAS.  457 

sively  engaged  in  raising  cotton.     Since  slavery  was  abolished,  the  agricul 
tural  products  of  this  part  of  the  State  have  been  more  varied. 

Rich  veins  of  iron  ore  are  found  in  a  large  number  of  the  counties  of  East 
Tennessee ;  copper  in  abundance  in  Polk  county ;  nitre  in  several  caves. 
Coal  is  found  of  good  quality,  and  in  beds  thick  enough  to  be  profitably 
worked.  Quarries  of  marble  and  very  superior  stone  for  building  are  also 
found  in  abundance.  East  Tennessee  is  also  rich  in  lime,  marl,  zinc,  salt, 
lead,  slate,  fire  clay,  and  hydraulic  cement. 

East  Tennessee  has  abundant  water  power  for  extensive  manufactures,  but 
this  branch  of  industry  has  been  limited. 

Products.  The  value  of  the  principal  articles  of  production  in  1860,  was :  Flour  and  meal, 
$4.124,812;  lumber,  sawed,  $2,199,703;  leather,  $1,142,246;  cotton  goods,  $698,122;  iron,  bar, 
boiler  plate,  etc.,  $543,398;  iron,  pig,  $549,640;  copper  ore,  $104,000;  boots  and  shoes,  $395,790; 
spirits,  $227,353 ;  steam  engines  and  machinery,  $732,350 ;  agricultural  implements,  $117,260. 

In  1860,  there  were  2,572  establishments,  employing  $14,426,261  capital,  and  12,528  hands,  con 
suming  raw  material  worth  $9,416,514,  and  yielding  products  valued  at  $17,987,225. 

In  1866  the  products  were— corn,  46,880,933  bushels  ;  value,  $36,098,318;  wheat,  3,985,265  bush 
els;  value,  $8,807,435;  rye,  232,190  bushels  ;  value,  $273,984;  oats,  2,970,836  bushels ;  value,  $1,- 
515,126;  barley,  20,115  bushels ;  value,  $27,960 ;  buckwheat,  13,322  bushels ;  value,  $15,587;  po 
tatoes,  1,501,146  bushels ;  value,  $1,080,825  ;  tobacco,  46,054,983  pounds  ;  value,  $9,671,546;  hay, 
140,580  tons ;  value,  $2,619,000. 

Banks.  The  number  of  National  Banks,  Sept.  30, 1868,  was— organized,  13 ;  closed  or  clos 
ing,  1 ;  in  operation,  12,  with  a  capital  of  $2,025,300. 


33.    TEXAS. 

Capital,  Austin.    Area,  247,356  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  604,215. 

This  state  was  settled  at  Bexar,  now  San  Antonio,  in  1694,  by  Spaniards; 
it  formed  a  part  of  Mexico  until  1836,  when  it  declared  its  independence, 
and  instituted  a  separate  government.  It  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  by 
joint  resolutions,  approved  March  1,  and  December  29,  1845.  An  ordinance 
of  secession  was  adopted  at  a  state  convention,  February  5,  1861,  and  the 
state  joined  the  Southern  Confederacy.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  Gen.  A.  J. 
Hamilton  was  appointed  provisional  governor.  He  took  charge  of  the  ex 
ecutive  department,  July  25,  1865,  and  called  a  state  convention  which  as 
sembled  at  Austin,  February  10,  1866,  and  annulled  the  ordinance  of  seces 
sion,  and  all  debts  created  by  the  state  during  the  war.  In  compliance  with 
the  instructions  received  from  the  federal  authorities  at  Washington,  August 
13,  1866,  the  provisional  governor  transferred  the  civil  authority  to  the  state 
ofiicers,  elected  June  4th. 

By  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  2,  1867,  Texas,  with  Louisiana, 
was  constituted  the  5th  Military  District,  which  was  placed  under  the  com 
mand  of  General  Philip  H.  Sheridan ;  he  was  removed  from  the  command, 
August  29,  and  General  Hancock  appointed.  December  18,  an  order  was 
issued  for  an  election  to  determine  whether  a  convention  should  be  held  and 
for  the  selection  of  delegates  thereto.  The  convention  was  ordered  and  as 
sembled  June  1,  in  Austin,  but  adjourned  to  December  before  completing  the 
constitution.  The  Bill  of  Rights,  as  adopted,  declares  that  "  The  equality 
of  all  persons  before  the  law  is  recognized,  and  shall  ever  remain  inviolate ; 


458  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

nor  shall  any  citizen  ever  be  deprived  of  any  right,  privilege  or  immunity, 
nor  be  exempted  from  any  burden  or  duty,  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  pre 
vious  condition."  The  state  has  not  yet  been  admitted  to  representation  in 
Congress,  and  reconstruction  has  not  been  perfected  so  as  to  secure  adequate 
protection  to  life  and  property  in  all  parts  of  the  state. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor E.  M.  PEASE Austin $4,000 

Private  Secretary THADDEUS  McRAE Austin 1,500 

Comptroller MORGAN  C.  HAMILTON Austin 2,500 

Treasurer JOIIN  T.  ALLAN Austin 2,500 

Secretary  of  State WILLIAM  C.  PHILLIPS Austin 2,500 

Attorney  General E.  B.  TURNER Austin 3,000 

Com.  of  General  Land  Office JOSEPH  SPENCE Austin 2,500 

Supt .  of  Public  Instruction EDWIN  M.  WHEELOCK Austin 

The  Governor  holds  office  for  four  years.  Senators  are  chosen  for  six  years, 
and  are  divided  into  three  classes,  so  that  one-third  are  elected  biennially. 
The  compensation  of  members  of  the  Legislature  is  eight  dollars  pep  day, 
and  eight  dollars  for  each  twenty-five  miles  in  traveling  to  and  from  the  seat 
of  government. 

Every  free  male  person,  who  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  (In 
dians  not  taxed,  Africans,  and  descendants  of  Africans  excepted),  and  who 
has  resided  one  year  in  the  state,  and  six  months  in  the  county,  is  entitled 
to  vote. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Texas  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  four  Asso 
ciate  Justices.  A  District  Court  is  held  in  each  of  the  17  districts  into  which 
the  state  is  divided. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Noah  H.  Swayne.  District  Judge— Eastern  District,  J.  C.  Watrous.  Western 
District,  T.  H.  Duval.  District  Attorney— Eastern  District,  T.  J.  Baldwin.  Western  District,  E. 
B.  Turner.  Marshal— Eastern  District,  J.  J.  Byrne.  Western  District,  A.  P.  Blocker. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Amos  Morill,  Austin.  Associate  Justices,  C.  Caldwell,  Jefferson ;  L.  Lindsey,' 
Lagrange  ;  A.  II.  Lattimer,  Clarksville ;  A.  J.  Hamilton,  Austin.  Clerks,  George  H.  Gray,  Tra 
vis  ;  Geo.  W.  Honey,  Galveston ;  Thomas  Smith,  Smith.  Salary  of  Judges,  $4  500  each. 

DISTRICT   COURTS. 

1st  District— Judge,  J.  B.  McFarland.  Attorney,  D.  W.  Harcourt.  2tf  District— Judge,  J.  J. 
Thornton.  Attorney,  W.  R.  Makemson.  M  District— Judge,  Geo.  R.  Scott.  Attorney,  J.  W. 
Alexander.  4th  District— Judge,  Thos.  H.  Stribling.  Attorney,  T.  G.  Anderson.  5th  District- 
Judge,  A.  B.  Norton.  Attorney,  Green  J.  Clark.  Gth  District— Judge,  J.  B.  Williamson.  Attor 
ney,  John  J.  Carey.  7th  District— Judge,  Hardin  Hart.  Attorney,  J.  M.  Hurt.  8th  District- 
Judge,  Winston  Banks.  Attorney,  A.  P.  Shuford.  Wi  District— Judge,  Samuel  L.  Earle.  At 
torney,  Harvey  W.  Moone.  IQth  District— Judge,  Wesley  Ogdcn.  Attorney,  J.  C.  Lackey.  llth 
District— Judge,  W.  P.  Bacon.  Attorney,  Jas.  A.  Zabriskie.  12th  District— Judge,  Elisha  Basse. 
Attorney,  F.  E.  McManus.  13th  District— Judge,  N.  Hart  Davis.  Attorney,  P.  W.  Hall.  14th 
District— Attorney,  Lewis  G.  Browne,  l~>th  District— Judge,  H.  C.  Pedigo.  Attorney,  J.  M.  Cros- 
eon.  Iftth  District— Judge,  J.  H.  Noonan.  Attorney,  J.  R.  Shook,  llth  District— Judge,  A. 
J.  Evans.  Attorney,  J.  J.  Pardeman.  Salary  of  Judges,  $3,500  each ;  of  Attorneys,  $1,000  each. 


TEXAS.  459 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

One  term  every  year  in  Austin,  commencing  1st  Monday  in  October,  and  continuing  twelve 
weeks,  unless  the  business  is  sooner  disposed  of.  One  term  every  year  in  Galveston,  com 
mencing  2d  Monday  in  January,  and  continuing  ten  weeks,  unless  the  business  is  sooner  dis 
posed  of.  One  term  every  year  in  Tyler,  commencing  2d  Monday  in  April,  and  continuing  in 
session  till  the  last  Saturday  in  June,  unless  the  business  is  sooner  disposed  of. 

FINANCES. 

The  Comptroller  reports  the  receipts  from  Sept.  4,  1867,  to  May  31,  1868, 
inclusive,  from  state  Revenues,  $369,467.79,  and  the  warrants  drawn  for  the 
same  time  were,  $165,104.88 ;  the  whole  amount  of  warrants  drawn  for  12 
months,  from  July,  1867,  to  June,  1868,  inclusive,  was  $247,948.95 ;  the  total 
balance  on  hand  in  the  Treasury,  May  31,  1868,  including  balances  of  various 
funds,  was  $2,844,532.19. 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  Auditorial  Board  was  created  by  act  of  the  Legislature,  and  is  com 
posed  of  the  Governor,  Comptroller  and  Treasurer.  This  Board  reported — 
Amount  of  liabilities  against  the  state,  presented  under  the  law  creating  the 
Board,  up  to  August  1,  1867,  $331,471.44;  amount  audited  by  the  Board, 
$139,055.37 ;  amount  of  5  per  cent,  specie  bonds  issued  by  the  Board,  as  fol 
lows  :  To  the  University  Fund,  $134,472.26 ;  to  the  Common  School  Fund, 
$32,168.82.  These  bonds  have  semi-annual  specie  coupons  attached,  and  are 
payable,  January  1,  1879. 

EDUCATION. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  of  the  Legislature,  a  Board  of  Adminis 
trators  of  the  University  of  Texas  was  appointed,  which  organized  in  1867 
and  examined  sites,  but  made  no  selections. 

A  Board  of  Administrators  has  also  been  appointed  for  the  East  Texas 
University,  and  a  portion  of  the  "  University  Land  "  set  aside  for  its  endow 
ment. 

Under  article  10,  section  10,  of  the  Constitution,  a  Board  of  Education 
was  authorized,  to  consist  of  the  Governor,  the  Comptroller,  and  the  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction.  This  Board  has  the  general  management 
and  control  of  the  Perpetual  School  Fund  and  Common  Schools,  subject  to 
regulation  by  the  Legislature.  The  Legislature  passed  an  act  establishing  a 
system  of  common  schools,  and  regulations  were  adopted  concerning  the 
school  fund.  The  Board  of  Education  had  its  first  meeting  on  the  17th  of 
November,  1867. 

The  superintendent,  Hon.  E.  M.  Wheelock,  writes  under  date  of  Dec.  4, 
1868,  "  There  is  no  school  system  in  Texas,  and  the  school  fund  which  had 
been  accumulating,  was  mainly  ruined  and  dissipated  by  the  war.  A  plan 
for  free  schools,  in  essentials  similar  to  the  systems  of  the  states  North  and 
West,  has  been  submitted  to  the  Reconstruction  Committee,  now  in  session, 
and  strong  hopes  are  entertained  of  its  adoption.  The  number  of  children 
who  should  be  at  school  in  Texas,  exceeds  200,000 ;  the  number  actually  en 
joying  school  privileges  is  about  20,000." 


460  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Texas  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  was  established  by  law  as 
a  state  Institution  at  a  special  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1856,  and  was 
opened  for  the  reception  of  pupils  in  January,  1857.  It  is  situated  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Colorado  river,  directly  opposite  the  city  of  Austin.  The 
buildings  are  at  present  only  the  temporary  wooden  buildings  that  were  on 
the  property  when  purchased,  enlarged  and  adapted  to  the  purpose.  The 
growth  and  progress  of  the  Institution  have  been  greatly  retarded  by  the  dis 
astrous  condition  of  public  affairs ;  only  fifty-seven  pupils  in  all  had  been  re 
ceived  in  1868.  The  number  in  attendance  in  1867  was  twenty-two.  The  aver 
age  annual  expenditure  before  the  war,  was  $8,500  in  specie  ;  since  the  war, 
about  $12,000  in  currency.  The  officers  are  a  Board  of  Trustees,  consisting 
of  five  members,  appointed  by  the  Governor,  a  Superintendent,  appointed  by 
the  Trustees,  two  assistant  teachers,  a  matron,  and  an  assistant  matron.  All 
the  expenses  are  defrayed  from  the  public  treasury,  except  the  clothing  of 
the  pupils,  and  this  is  furnished  to  the  indigent. 

The  Texas  State  Lunatic  Asylum  was  organized  in  March,  1861,  the  Super 
intendent  being  appointed  by  Gen.  Sam.  Houston,  then  Governor  of  Texas. 
The  officers  were  several  times  changed  during  the  war,  but  the  first  superin 
tendent,  B.  Graham,  M.  D.,  is  now  in  office.  The  buildings  are  not  more 
than  one-fifth  completed,  and  are  filled  to  their  utmost  capacity.  The  usual 
average  of  inmates  has  been  about  75 ;  the  income  is  derived  from  counties 
and  friends  of  patients,  the  state  making  up  the  deficiency.  Annual  expense, 
$20,000.  The  Blind  Asylum  is  continued  under  the  superintendency  of  S. 
W.  Baker,  M.  D. 

The  whole  amount  expended  by  the  state  for  charitable  institutions  since 
their  establishment,  is  as  follows : 

Land  appropriated  for  Asylums,  Aug.  30, 1856 $9,278.50 

Lunatic  Asylum,  amount  drawn 283,885.72 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  amount  drawn 153,195.11 

Blind  Asylum 85,244.65 

Total $531,603.98 

The  Penitentiary  was  erected  in  1848.  The  expense  paid  by  the  state  for  its  erection  and  sup 
port  up  to  June  1, 1868,  was  as  follows: 

For  erection  and  support  of  the  Penitentiary $133,216.70 

"        of  factory,  materials,  machinery  and  fuel 127,000.00  $260,216.70 

Salary  of  Superintendents 12,549.60 

Clerks  and  Financial  Agents 12,387.00 

"         Directors 5,343.44 

Chaplain 1,562.49 

"         Physician 2,517.36 


Stationery,  postage  and  printing 412.50 

Total $294,989.09 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  first  United  States  Census  in  Texas  was  taken  in  1850,  when  the  popu 
lation  was  212,592.  In  1860,  it  was  604,215,  or  an  increase  of  184.22  per 
cent,  in  ten  years. 


1869.]  TEXAS.  461 

Texas  possesses  in  a  high  degree  the  advantages  of  a  salubrious  and  tem 
perate  climate,  and  a  soil  of  unsurpassed  fertility,  adapted  to  the  production 
of  all  the  most  valuable  staples,  together  with  great  mineral  resources.  It  is 
eminently  a  stock  growing  State,  having  twice  as  many  cattle  as  any  other 
State  in  1860.  The  flocks  of  sheep  have  also  been  rapidly  increasing.  Dis 
eases  among  cattle  and  sheep  made  stock  raising  less  profitable  in  1868. 

It  has  the  advantage  of  affording  perennial  pasturage  for  cattle,  which 
costs  literally  nothing.  Snow  and  ice  are  of  rare  occurrence ;  the  former 
sometimes  falls  to  the  depth  of  two  or  three  inches  in  Northern  Texas,  and 
ice  forms  about  an  inch  thick,  but  both  disappear  in  a  few  days. 

Farming  operations  are  carried  on  every  month  in  the  year  without  inter 
ruption  either  from  heat  or  cold.  The  growing  season  in  Texas  is  about 
twice  as  long  as  in  the  more  northern  states  of  the  Union,  and  most  crops 
mature  from  six  weeks  to  two  months  earlier. 

The  streams  are  usually  bordered  with  timber,  the  width  of  the  timber 
varying  from  one  or  two  hundred  yards  to  eight  or  ten  miles  on  each  side 
of  the  stream.  The  balance  of  the  country  between  the  streams  is  gen 
erally  prairie,  except  in  the  eastern  counties  which  are  mostly  covered 
with  heavy  timber.  The  bottom  lands  generally  yield  a  bale  of  cotton  of 
500  pounds  or  more  to  the  acre,  or  about  60  bushels  of  corn.  The  uplands 
yield  usually  300  or  400  pounds  of  cotton,  or  30  or  40  bushels  of  corn  to 
the  acre. 

The  land  is  capable  of  producing  large  crops  of  wheat,  rye,  oats,  potatoes 
and  tobacco,  and,  in  some  parts  of  the  state,  sugar  cane  and  fruits. 

Of  minerals,  iron  appears  to  be  the  most  abundant,  and  is  found  in  quan 
tity  in  Grayson,  Titus,  Cherokee,  Anderson,  Nacogdoches,  Williamson,  Gil- 
lespie,  Burnet,  Llano  and  other  counties,  with  comparatively  little  effort  at 
development.  Salt,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  soapstone,  and  marble  are  found  in 
several  counties.  In  the  prairie  lands,  salt-ponds  and  lagoons  abound,  where 
in  dry  seasons  salt  is  deposited  in  immense  quantities.  During  the  late  war 
Texas  and  Upper  Louisiana  were  supplied  from  this  source. 

Wild  or  unimproved  lands  range  in  price  from  12%  cents  to  $10  per  acre, 
and  embrace  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  total  area  of  the  state,  less  than 
two  per  cent,  being  under  cultivation  in  1860.  Previous  to  the  late  unfor 
tunate  war,  the  price  of  lands  had  been  steadily,  though  slowly  advancing 
throughout  the  state.  Since  the  war  all  lands  have  fallen  down  to  a  small 
part  of  their  previous  value.  Cultivated  farming  lands  may  be  bought  at 
from  $5  to  $10  per  acre,  and  in  some  places  even  less. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  20,295,863  bushels ;  value,  $19,078,111 ;  wheat,  1,847,931  bushels; 
value,  $2,679,500;  oats,  1,084,478  bushels;  value,  $932,651;  potatoes,  250,822  bushels;  value, 
$175,575. 

Banks.    The  number  of  National  Banks,  Sept.  30, 1868,  was  4,  with  a  capital  of  $525,000. 


462  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

34.    VERMONT. 

Capital,  Montpelier.  Area,  10,212  square  miles.  Population,  (I860),  315,098. 
This  State  was  settled  at  Brattleboro,  in  1724,  by  emigrants  from  Massa 
chusetts  and  Connecticut,  under  grants  from  New  Hampshire.  It  was 
claimed  by  both  New  Hampshire  and  New  York,  and  was  for  a  time  under 
the  government  of  the  latter,  but  at  a  convention  held  in  Westminster,  Jan 
uary  16, 1777,  it  was  declared  a  free  and  independent  State.  It  was  admitted 
into  the  Union  in  1791. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor JOHN  B.  PAGE Rutland $1,000 

Lieutenant  Governor STEPHEN  THOMAS West  Fahice * 

Secretary  oj  State GEORGE  NICHOLS Northfielcl 800 

Treasurer JOHN  A.  PAGE Montpelier 1,200 

Auditor DUGALD  STEWART Middlebury 1,500 

Sewetanj  Board  of  Education A.  E.  RANKIN 1,000 

Adjutant  General WILLIAM  WELLS Burlington 75 

The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  and  Treasurer  arc  elected  annually ; 
the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education  is  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Ed 
ucation;  the  State  Librarian,  by  the  Trustees  of  the  State  Library;  all  the 
other  officers  by  the  Joint  Assembly  of  the  two  Houses. 

The  Senate,  established  in  1836,  consists  of  30  members,  apportioned 
among  the  several  counties  according  to  their  population. 

The  House  of  Representatives  consists  of  241  members,  one  from  each  town 
and  city.  The  pay  of  the  members  of  each  House  is  $3.00  per  day  during 
the  session  of  the  Legislature.  Every  man  21  years  of  age,  who  is  a  native- 
born  citizen  of  some  one  of  the  United  States,  or  has  been  naturalized,  and 
has  resided  in  the  State  one  whole  year  next  before  the  time  of  election,  and 
who  will  take  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  constitution,  is  entitled  to  the  priv 
ileges  of  a  freeman. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  powers  of  the  State  are  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  a  Court 
of  Chancery,  a  County  Court  in  each  county,  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  the 
several  towns,  and  a  Probate  Court  in  each  Probate  District.  The  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  are  elected  annually  by  the  Legislature,  and  all  other 
judicial  officers  by  the  people. 

From  1778  to  1786,  inclusive,  the  Supreme  Court  consisted  of  five  Judges  ;  from  1786  to  1825, 
it  consisted  of  three  Judges  ;  in  1825,  1826  and  1827,  of  four  Judges  ;  from  1827  to  1846,  it  con 
sisted  of  five  Judges  ;  from  1846  to  1849,  of  six  Judges  ;  in  1850,  a  change  ill  the  judiciary  system 
was  effected  by  reducing  the  number  of  Supreme  Court  Judges  to  three,  and  by  establishing  a 
Circuit  Court,  consisting  of  four  Judges.  In  1857  the  Circuit  Court  was  abolished,  and  the 
number  of  Supreme  Court  Judges  increased  to  six,  which  number  constitutes  the  Court  of  the 
present  day. 

The  Supreme  Court  has  no  original  jurisdiction,  except  for  divorce;  but  is 
a  court  of  errors  for  the  trial  of  questions  of  law,  and  a  court  of  appeal  in 
chancery  suits.  Each  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  a  Chancellor,  and 

*  $6.00  per  day  during  session. 


1S69.]  VERMONT.  433 

holds  his  court  at  the  same  time  as  the  County  Court,  which  is  held  in  each 
county  by  one  of  the  Supreme  Judges  and  two  Assistant  Judges. 

The  County  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  actions  for  over 
$200,  or  in  relation  to  real  estate,  except  trespass,  where  the  damages  claimed 
exceed  $20 ;  also  in  actions  for  replevin  for  amounts  over  $20.  All  actions 
out  of  the  original  jurisdiction  of  the  County  and  Chancery  Courts,  except 
for  divorce,  must  be  brought  before  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Samuel  Nelson.  District  Judge,  David  A  Smalley.  District  Attorney,  Dudley 
C.  Denison.  Marshal,  II.  H.  Henry.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  B.  B.  Smalley. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Ohiff  Judge,  John  Pierpont,  Vergennes.  Assistant  Judges,  James  Barrett,  "Woodstock ;  Asa- 
hel  Peck,  Montpelier;  William  C.Wilson,  St.  Albans  ;  Benjamin  H.  Stcele,  St.  Johnsbury ; 
John  Prout,  Rutland.  Salary  of  each,  $2,500.  Reporter,  Wheelock  G.  Yeazey,  Rutland. 

COUNTY  COURTS. 

Assistant  Judges  (1SQS)— Addison  County,  Jonas  M.  Smith,  Addison ;  James  M.  Slade,  Middle- 
bury.  Bennington  County,  Edward  M.  Aylesworth,  Arlington  ;  Hiram  Cole,  Shaftsbury.  Cale 
donia  County,  Francis  R.  Carpenter,  Waterford ;  Peter  Buchanan,  Barnett.  Chittenden  County, 
Safford  Colby,  Richmond ;  Russell  J.  Morse,  Bolton.  Essex  County,  Richard  Small,  Guildhall ; 
Elias  Lyman,  Lemington.  Franklin  County,  George  Adams,  Enosburg;  Walter  C.  Stevens, 
Highgate.  Grand  Me  County,  Ransom  W.  Darby,  Alburg ;  Wyman  C.  Hoag,  Grand  Isle.  Lam 
oille  County,  Russell  S.  Page,  Hyde  Park  ;  Charles  S.  Parker,  Elmore.  Orange  County,  Nathan 
iel  King,  Tanbridge  ;  William  Childs,  Fairlee.  Orleans  County,  Benjamin  Comings,  Greeuboro  ; 
E.  O.  Bennett,  Charleston.  Rutland  County,  Daniel  Crofoot,  Benson  ;  John  Crowley,  Mt.  Holley. 
Washington  County,  Fernando  C.  Putnam,  Woodbury  ;  Ira  Richardson,  Waitsfield.  Windham 
County,  Peter  W.  Dean,  Grafton  ;  William  H.  Jones,  Dover.  Windsor  County,  John  S.  Marcy, 
Windsor;  Calvin  French,  Cavendish.* 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

Addison  County,  1st  Monday  after  3d  Tuesday  in  January.  Bennington  County,  2d  Tuesday 
after  4th  Tuesday  in  January.  Caledonia  County,  1st  Thursday  after  4th  Tuesday  in  August. 
Chittenden  County,  1st  Tuesday  in  January.  Essex  County,  4th  Tuesday  in  August.  Franklin 
County,  1st  Monday  after  2d  Tuesday  in  January.  Grand  Isle  County,  1st  Friday  after  3d  Tuesday 
in  January.  Lamoille  County,  3d  Tuesday  in  August.  Orange  County,  6th  Tuesday  after  4th 
Tuesday  in  January.  Orleans  County,  1st  Thursday  after  3d  Tuesday  in  August.  Rutland 
County,  1st  Monday  after  4th  Tuesday  in  January.  Washington  County,  2d  Tuesday  in  August. 
Windham  County,  Monday  following  2d  Tuesday  after  4th  Tuesday  of  January.  Windsor  County, 
1st  Thursday  after  4th  Tuesday  next  after  4th  Tuesday  in  January. 

TERMS  OF  COUNTY  COURTS. 

Addison,  County,  1st  Tuesday  in  June  and  2d  Tuesday  in  December.  Bennington  County,  1st 
Tuesday  in  June  and  December.  Caledonia  County,  1st  Tuesday  in  June  and  December.  C'/tit- 
tenden  County,  1st  Tuesday  in  April  and  4th  Tuesday  in  September.  Essex  County,  2d  Tuesday 
in  March,  and  3d  Tuesday  in  September.  Franklin  County,  2d  Tuesday  in  April  and  September. 
Grand  Me  County,  Last  Tuesday  in  February  and  August.  Lamoille  County,  4th  Tuesday  in 
May  and  1st  Tuesday  in  December.  Orange  County,  1st  Tuesday  in  June  and  December.  Or 
leans  County,  4th  Tuesday  in  June  and  December.  Rutland  County,  2d  Tuesday  in  March  and 
September.  Washington  County,  2d  Tuesday  in  March  and  September.  Windham  County,  2d 
Tuesday  in  April  and  September.  Windsor  County,  4th  Tuesday  in  May  and  1st  Tuesday  in 
December. 


*  We  go  to  press  before  receiving  the  appointments  for  1869. 


464                             THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

FINANCES. 

RECEIPTS  FOR  YEAR  ENDING  SEPTEMBER,  1868. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  September,  1867,  -        $44,813.48 

Balance  to  credit  of  Sinking  Fund,  September,  1867,         -  -       82,000.00 

Received  from  Taxes, 515,028.95 

Received  from  Judges  of  Probate,       -  -       10,448.91 

Balance  from  County  Clerks,  24,735.87 

Received  from  United  States  on  War  Claims,      -        -  57,637.71 

Received  from  other  sources,  19,697.52 


Total. $754,362.44 

DISBURSEMENTS  FOR  YEAR  ENDING  SEPTEMBER,  1868. 

Court  Orders,                                                                         -        -  $53,481.44 

Auditor's  Orders,  184,698.18 

State  Bonds  redeemed,                      230,000.00 

Balance  Credit  Sinking  Fund,  59,637.71 

Allowance  to  Collectors  of  Taxes,  16,904.33 

Miscellaneous,      -  138,272.30 

Balance  in  Treasury,  September,  1868,     -----  71,368.48 


Total,     ----- $754,362.44 

The  classification  of  the  expenditures  for  the  current  year  shows,  for 

Debentures  of  General  Assembly $45.544.40 

Expenses  of  the  Courts  (without  including  salari.es) 76,139.86 

Interest  on  Bonds  and  Loans 88.366.73 

Expenses  of  Printing 14,395.88 

For  Salaries 39,968.16 

Asylum  for  the  Insane 14,089.57 

Reform  School  Expenses  and  Appropriations 11,695.92 

Expenses  of  Board  of  Education 4,545.94 

Expenses  of  Superintendents  of  Schools 4,235.67 

Militia  and  Q.  M.  General's  Expenditures 6,454.79 

Extra  Pay  and  Organized  Militia  Pay  Rolls 2,861.17 

Expenses  of  State  Prison,  over  Income 5,256.71 

Expenses  in  Sergeant-at-Arms'  Department 4,631.83 

American  Asylum  for  Deaf  and  Dumb 2,120,28 

Expenses  of  State  Library 1,419.27 

Appropriation  to  Normal  Schools 1,500.00 

Official  Expenses  and  Miscellaneous 15,983.68 

Total $339,209.86 

STATE  DEBT. 

The  funded  Debt  of  the  State  has  been  reduced  during  the  year,  $230,000. 
At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  after  deducting  balance  to  credit  of  Sinking 
Fund,  it  amounted  to  $1,168,000.  The  unadjusted  balance  due  the  State 
from  the  war  claim  is  now  $207,222.23.  The  aggregate  indebtedness  of  all 
the  towns  and  cities  in  the  State,  as  shown  from  the  returns  made  to  the 
State  Treasurer,  is  $1,939,198.  Nearly  one-half  of  the  debt  is  found  in  the 
counties  of  Bennington  and  Windsor. 


1869.]  VERMONT.  455 

EDUCATION. 

An  investigation  which  has  been  made  with  care,  shows  that  during  the 
last  collegiate  year,  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  or  seventy  young  men  of  this 
State  were  members  of  a  college  or  scientific  school,  either  in  Vermont  or 
elsewhere. 

The  State  Agricultural  College  has  been  incorporated  with  the  University 
of  Vermont  at  Burlington,  and  has  received  the  avails  of  the  150,000  acres 
of  scrip  donated  by  the  general  government.  The  institution  has  now  three 
co-ordinate  departments  and  faculties  of  instruction  in  successful  operation. 
There  are  two  other  colleges  and  several  academies  in  the  State. 

The  State  Board  of  Education  consists  of  six  persons  besides  the  Governor, 
who  is  ex-officio  a  member  of  the  Board.  The  Board  appoints  its  Secretary, 
who  has  the  general  superintendence  of  the  schools  of  the  State.  Each  town 
elects  a  town  superintendent,  who  is  required  to  visit  each  common  school  in 
the  town  at  least  once  in  each  year,  to  examine  teachers,  and  give  certificates 
to  such  as  are  found  qualified.  Towns  are  divided  into  school  districts,  each 
of  which  has  a  prudential  committee  of  one  or  three  voters,  whose  duty  it 
is  to  appoint  teachers,  provide  suitable  school-rooms,  and  make  arrangements 
generally  for  the  schools  of  the  district. 

Three  Normal  Schools  have  been  established,  one  in  each  Congressional 
District,  under  the  direction  of  the  State  Board  of  Education.  Two  courses 
of  study  are  provided  for  these  schools.  Graduates  from  the  first  course  are 
entitled  to  receive  certificates,  which  are  by  law  constituted  licenses  to  teach 
in  any  part  of  the  State,  f^r  the  term  of  five  years,  and  graduates  from  the 
second  course  are  entitled  to  certificates,  which  are  constituted  Licenses  to 
teach  in  any  part  of  the  State,  for  the  term  of  fifteen  years. 

Public  Schools.  Whole  number  of  children  in  1867  between  4  and  18  years  of  age,  88,362  \ 
number  attending  school,  71,939;  average  attendance,  46,245;  number  of  different  district 
schools,  2,954 ;  number  of  teachers,  4,722 ;  number  of  weeks  of  school  taught  by  males,  9,252, 
by  females,  49,798 ;  number  of  teachers  that  have  taught  before,  3.240;  taught  before  in  same 
districts,  860;  average  wages  of  teachers  per  month,  exclusive  of  board— males,  $25.68,  females, 
$12.40 ;  number  of  school-houses—in  good  condition,  1,654,  unfit  for  that  purpose,  901 ;  with 
yards  enclosed,  322;  amount  paid— wages  of  teachers,  $213,958;  board  of  teachers,  $135,443; 
fuel,  furniture  and  incidentals,  $49,144;  erecting  school-houses,  $61,042;  repairing,  $21,206; 
amounting  in  all  to  $480,793.  Number  of  Select  Schools,  348 ;  number  of  pupils  attending,  9,264 ; 
number  of  Academies,  58. 

Normal  School,  Randolph,  EDWARD  CONANT,  A.  M.  Principal.  Number  of  pupils,  1868 — 
ladies,  146,  gentlemen,  106,  total,  252;  average  attendance  per  term,  77. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Vermont  Asylum  for  the  Insane  at  Brattleboro,  was  established  in 
1834.  It  has  a  large  farm  and  extensive  buildings  and  workshops.  Most 
of  the  buildings  were  burned  in  1862.  There  is  a  Commissioner  of  the  In 
sane,  annually  elected  by  the  Legislature,  whose  duty  it  is  to  make  a  thorough: 
examination  into  the  internal  affairs  of  the  Asylum  and  report  thereon. 

The  Reform  School  was  established  in  1865.  It  is  under  a  Board  of  Trust 
ees,  elected  annually  by  the  Legislature,  who  report  the  school  prosperous. 
It  has  a  farm  of  133  acres.  The  buildings  have  been  extended  by  the  erection 
30 


466  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

of  dormitories  and  workshops,  and  improvements  have  been  made  on  the 
grounds  during  the  last  year. 

The  State  Prison,  established  in  1807,  is  under  the  government  of  a  Board 
of  three  Directors  and  a  Superintendent  elected  annually  by  the  Legislature. 
It  has  been  self-sustaining  until  within  a  few  years,  but  the  balance  of  ex 
penses  over  the  income  for  the  last  year  was  $6,413,  about  the  average  for 
three  or  four  years.  The  labor  of  the  convicts  is  let  by  contract.  The  pres 
ent  contract  is  for  five  years,  at  42  cents  per  day.  Changes  in  discipline  have 
been  adopted  which  are  beneficial ;  the  commutation  of  sentence  has  proved 
more  effective  than  the  expectation  of  pardon. 

Vermont  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Brattleboro,  W.  H.  ROCKWELL,  M.  D.  Superintendent 
and  Physician.  Number  remaining  Aug.  1, 1867— males,  265,  females,  246 ;  total,  511 ;  number 
admitted  during  the  year— males,  74,  females,  61 ;  total,  135 ;  making  in  all,  646 ;  number  dis 
charged—males,  75,  females,  56 ;  total,  131,  of  whom  there  were«-recovered,  46  ;  improved,  22 ; 
not  improved,  21 ;  died.  42 :  number  remaining  August  1, 1868.  515.  Whole  number  of  beneficia 
ries  in  Asylum  during  the  year,  166 ,  number  remaining  August  1, 1867, 128 ;  number  discharged 
—recovered.  10,  not  recovered,  14 ;  number  died,  14 ;  number  remaining  August  1, 1868, 128. 
Income  for  year  ending  September,  1868,  $79,554.28 :  expenditures  $78.943.72 ;  balance,  $610.56. 

Vermont  Reform  School,  Waterbury,  AARON  G.  PEASE.  Superintendent,.  Number  in 
school  Sept.  17,1867.37;  number  received  during  the  year.  50;  number  discharged— reformed 
before  expiration  of  sentence.  3 ;  at  expiration  of  sentence.  15  ;  sent  out  to  places  on  trial,  12; 
total.  30.  Number  remaining  Sept.  4, 1868,57.  Term  of  commitment— during  minority,  6 ;  Syears, 
1 ;  5  years,  8 ;  4  years,  4 ;  3  years,  17  ;  under  3  and  over  2  years,  1 ;  2  years,  16 ;  1  year,  27 ;  less  than 
1  year,  16;  total,  98.  Cause  of  commitment — larceny,  77;  breach  of  the  peace,  10;  vagrancy,  4; 
arson,  2;  burglary,  3;  assault,  1 ;  intoxication,  1.  Age,  8  years  and  under,  3;  10  years,  8;  11 
years,  14 ;  12  years,  16 ;  13  years,  19  ;  14  years,  16 ;  15  years,  18 ;  16  years  and  upwards,  4.  Parent 
age — number  from  the  commencement — American,  51 ;  Irish,  16 ;  French,  25 ;  Scotch,  2 ;  col 
ored,  4 ;  total,  98. 

State  Prison,  Windsor,  JAMES  A.  POLLARD,  Superintendent.  Number  of  convicts,  Sept.  1, 
1867,  90 ;  number  admitted  during  the  year,  29 ;  number  discharged— by  expiration  of  sentence, 
36;  pardon;  3;  insanity,  1;  died,  3;  total,  46;  number  remaining  Sept.  1,  1868,  76.  Of  these 
there  were  from  16  to  21  years,  26;  from  21  to  30  years,  32 ;  from  30  to  40  years,  12 ;  over  40  years, 
6.  Terms  of  sentences— 2  years  and  under,  19 ;  from  2  to  5  years,  25 ;  from  5  to  8  years,  14 ;  8 
years,  6;  10  years,  5;  life,  6;  death,  1.  Crime  committed —against  person,  19 ;  against  property, 
57.  Total  income,  $6,806.06;  expenditures,  $12,219.48;  balance  of  expenses  over  income, 
$6,413.41. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  as  given  by  the  United  States  census  was  as  follows : 

Inc.  per  cent.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790 85,416 1830 280,032 19.04 

1800 154,465 80.84   1840 291,948 4.02 

1810 217,713 40.25   1850 314,120 7.59 

1820 235,749 8.29   1860 315,098 0.31 

The  increase  per  cent,  for  the  last  two  decades  before  1860  was  less  than 
in  any  other  State,  there  being  few  immigrants  from  foreign  countries. 

Vermont  is  an  agricultural  State,  having  thirteen-twentieths  of  its  four 
millions  of  acres  under  improvement.  Grass,  oats,  potatoes,  and  wheat  are 
the  most  reliable  sources  of  profit  to  the  farmer.  In  one  or  two  towns  in 
Orleans  county,  hops  are  extensively  grown.  Dairies  are  sources  of  much 
income.  In  some  of  the  counties,  lands  with  a  rough  and  rocky  surface  are 
well  timbered  with  hemlock  and  spruce.  The  increase  of  railroad  facilities 
and  the  establishing  of  lumber  companies  have  doubled  the  value  of  timber 
lands  in  many  places. 


1869.]  VIRGINIA.  467 

Soapstone,  serpentine,  chrome  and  iron  are  found  in  Orleans  county.  In 
Orange,  are  copper  mines,  which  have  been  worked  to  some  extent.  A  slate 
quarry  has  recently  been  opened  in  West  Randolph.  In  Northfield,  Wash 
ington  county,  granite  and  slate  are  largely  manufactured  for  building  pur 
poses.  Marble  quarries  are  worked  to  advantage  in  Grand  Isle  and  Rutland. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  1,490,975  bushels,  value,  $2,102,275;  wheat,  614,692  bushels, 
value,  $1,641 ,228 ;  rye,  154,783  bushels,  value,  $233,722 ;  oats,  4,846,015  bushels,  value,  $3,052,989 ; 
barley,  104,390  bushels,  value,  $128,400;  buckwheat,  225,252  bushels,  value,  $225,252;  potatoes, 
5,305,045  bushels,  value,  $2,281,169 ;  hay,  862,878  tons,  value,  $13,469,525. 

Banks.  The  number  of  National  Banks,  September  30, 1868,  was  40,  with  a  paid  in  capital 
of  $6,560,012.50. 


35.    VIRGINIA. 

Capital,  Richmond.    Area,  38,352  square  miles.    Population,  (I860*),  1,596,318. 

Virginia  was  settled  at  Jamestown  in  1607  by  the  English.  It  was  one  of 
the  original  thirteen  States,  framed  a  State  constitution  July  5,  1776,  and 
ratified  the  United  States  Constitution  June  25,  1788.  An  ordinance  of  seces 
sion  was  passed  April  17,  1861,  and  delegates  were  appointed  to  the  congress 
of  the  southern  confederacy. 

A  convention  assembled  at  Wheeling  in  May,  1861,  and  organized  a  loyal 
government,  and  the  new  State  of  West  Virginia  was  formed.  (See  West 
Virginia.} 

Governor  Pierpont,  who  had  been  elected  in  1862,  instituted  a  loyal  State 
government  at  Alexandria  in  1863.  A  Legislature  and  other  officers  were 
also  elected.  The  Legislature  called  a  Convention,  which  met  Februaiy  13, 
1864,  and  abolished  slavery.  Jurisdiction  was  exercised  by  this  government 
in  only  a  few  counties.  A  provisional  governor  was  appointed  by  the  Presi 
dent  after  the  close  of  the  war,  or  May  9,  1865. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  assuming  the  government  of  the  ten  southern  States, 
Virginia  constituted  the  1st  Military  District,  to  which  General  J.  M.  Scho- 
field  was  assigned.  He  provided  for  an  election  which  was  held  October  22, 
1868,  and  resulted  in  a  majority  for  a  convention,  which  met  in  Richmond, 
December  3,  and  adjourned  on  the  20th  to  January  2,  1868.  This  conven 
tion  adopted  a  constitution  April  7,  but  it  was  not  submitted  to  the  people, 
and  the  State  has  not  yet  (Jan.  1,  1869)  been  admitted  to  representation  in 
Congress. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor HENRY  H.  WELLS Richmond $5,000 

Lieutenant  Governor LEOPOLD  C.  P.  COWPER Portsmouth t 

Attorney  General THOMAS  R.  BOWDEN Richmond 1,500 

Secretary  of  State JOHN  M.  HERNDON Richmond $1,800 

Treasurer  ad  interim GEORGE  RYE Richmond 2,000 

Auditor WILLIAM  TAYLOR Richmond 3,000 

Second  Auditor ASA  ROGERS Richmond  2,000 

Register  of  Land  Office HA  WES  R.  SUTTON Richmond 1,000 

Superintendent  of  Penitentiary J.  T.  PENDLETON Richmond 2,000 

Adjutant  General W.  H.  RICHARDSON Richmond 2,000 

*  Including  West  Virginia.       t  $8  per  day  during  session  of  Senate.        \  And  fees. 


468  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Henry  H.  Wells  was  appointed  Provisional  Governor  April  4.  By  the  for 
mer  constitution,  the  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  and  Attorney  General 
were  elected  by  the  people  for  four  years.  The  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer, 
Auditor,  Second  Auditor,  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  and  Superintendent 
of  the  Penitentiary  were  elected  by  joint  vote  of  the  General  Assembly  for 
two  years.  All  are  obliged  to  reside  at  Richmond  during  their  term  of 
service. 

The  following  oath  is  required  of  persons  applying  to  register,  after  which 
if  they  are  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  have  resided  in  the  State  twelve 
months  and  in  the  county  three  months,  they  will  be  entitled  to  vote  : 

I, ,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  am  not  disqualified  from 

exercising  the  right  of  suffrage  by  the  Constitution  framed  by  the  Conven 
tion  which  assembled  in  the  city  of  Richmond  on  the  3d  day  of  December, 
1867.  and  that  I  will  support  and  defend  the  same  to  the  best  of  my  ability. 

JUDICIARY, 

The  Court  of  Appeals  consists  of  three  Judges,  and  has  jurisdiction,  ex 
cept  in  certain  specified  cases,  when  the  matter  in  controversy  is  not  less  than 
$500  in  value. 

The  District  Court  has  no  original  jurisdiction  except  in  cases  of  habeas 
corpus,  mandamus,  and  prohibition.  Its  appellate  jurisdiction  only  extends 
to  cases  where  the  amount  in  controversy  is  $100  or  more,  exclusive  of  costs, 
except  in  certain  specified  cases. 

The  Circuit  Courts  have  -chancery  and  criminal  jurisdiction,  and  civil 
jurisdiction  in  all  cases  where  the  amount  involved  is  fifty  dollars  and  up 
ward,  exclusive  of  costs.  They  have  also  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  the 
County  Courts,  and  causes  are  taken  from  the  latter  by  appeal. 

The  State  is  divided  into  sixteen  circuits.  Two  Circuit  Courts  are  held 
annually  in  each  county  by  each  Judge.  The  Governor  (with  the  consent 
of  the  Legislature)  appoints  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  and  Cir 
cuit  Courts. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Salmon  P.  Chase.  District  Judge,  John  C.  Underwood.  District  Attorney, 
Lucius  H.  Chandler.  Marshal,  John  Underwood.  Clerk  of  District  Court,  W.  H.  Barry. 

COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

Justices.  Richard  C.  L.  Moncure,  President,  Falmouth;  William  T.  Joynes,  Petersburg- 
Alexander  Rivers,  Charlottesville.  Salary  $3,000  each. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

1st  Circuit,  Richard  H.  Baker,  Norfolk ;  'M  Circuit,  Edward  R.  Chambers,  Mecklenburg ;  M 
Circuit,  H.  H.  Marshall,  Charlotte  C.  H. ;  4th  Circuit,  George  A.  Wingfield,  Liberty ;  5th  Circuit, 
Edward  P.  Pitts,  Accomac  C.  H. ;  Sth  Circuit,  Joseph  Christian,  Middlesex  C.  H. ;  1th  Circuit, 
John  A.  Meredith,  Richmond;  8th  Circuit,  John  Critcher,  Westmoreland  C.H. ;  §th  Circuit, 
Henry  W.  Thomas,  Fairfax  C.  H. ;  IQth  Circuit,  Egbert  R.  Watson,  Charlottesville  ;  llth  Circuit, 
Hugh  W.  Sheffey,  Staunton  ;  12th  Circuit,  John  T.  Harris,  Harrisonburg ;  18th  Circuit,  Richard 
Parker,  Winchester ;  lUh  Circuit,  Robert  M.  Hudson,  Fincastle ;  15th  Circuit,  Jamea  Tipton, 
Carroll  C.  H. ;  16th  Circuit,  John  A.  Campbell,  Abingdon. 

Salary  of  Judge  in  5th  District  $1,500,  of  all  others  $2,000. 


1869.]  VIRGINIA.  469 

FINANCES. 

The  State  Treasurer  represents  the  debt  of  the  State  on  November  1, 1868, 
as  follows: 

OLD   REGISTERED  DEBT. 

Registered  debt  October  1, 1868,  as  per  report $22,004,298.88 

Increased  since:    Converted  into  bonds  of  the  State,  act  March  23, 1860,  to  date 83,980.00 

Advertised  to  be  redeemed  and  not  called  for,  but  placed  to  credit  of  the  parties.       15,879.00 
Issued  to  J.  Neesou,  attorney,  &c 500.00 

Total $22,104,657.88 

Deductions  since  Oct.  1, 1866 :     Purchased  from  sale  of  the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal 

Company's  stock ; $24,839.98 

Transferred  to  Commonwealth  by  W.  and  P.  R.  R.  Co.,  (5  per  cent.)  and  canceled.  45,000.00 

Surrender  by  the  N.  and  P.  R.  R.  in  part  payment  of  loan  of  $300,000 60,500.00 

Surrender  by  the  R.  and  D.  R.  R.  Co.,  under  Gen.  Stoneman's  order,  in  part  pay 
ment  of  interest  due  by  said  Company 16,969.00 

Total $147,308.98 

Balance $21,957,348.90 

The  sinking  fund  was $1,729,315.46 

Literary  fund  was 248,000.00—1,977,315.46 

Outstanding $19,980,033.44 

OLD  COUPON  DEBT. 

Five  per  cent,  sterling,  payable  in  London,  £373,000,  estimated  at  $5  per  £ $1,865,000.00 

Six  per  cent,  bonds,  payable  in  New  York $11,108,000.00 

Lost  at  sea,  steamer  Arctic 145,000.00-10,963,000.00 

Total  coupon  debt $12,828,000.00 

Total  old  registered  and  coupon  debt $32,808,033.44 

INTEREST   FUNDED  NOVEMBER  1,  1868. 

Dated  January  1, 1866:    Coupons $1,301,500.00 

Registered 1,686,305.77—2,987,805.77 

Dated  January  1,  1867 :    Coupons 2,144,500.00 

Sterling 466,240.00—2,610,750.00 

Registered 1,194,495.41 

Total $6,993,051.18 

NOVEMBER  1,  1868. 

Amount  of  coupons  to  be  funded $263,320.00 

Registered  debt  to  be  funded 615,228.91  —  878,548.91 

James  River  and  Kanawha  Company  guarantees  yet  to  be  converted 230,880.00 


Total $1,109,428.91 

BONDS   GUARANTEED  BY  THE   STATE,   NOV.  1,  1868. 

James  River  and  Kanawha  Canal  Company $230,880 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal 500,000 

City  of  Petersburgh 823,500 

Virginia  Central  Railroad 100,000 

Richmond  and  Danville  Railroad 200,000 

City  of  Wheeling 366,000 

Alexandria  Canal 15,000 

Total ; $1,735,880 

EDUCATION. 

In  1860,  by  the  census  report,  there  were  in  the  State  23  colleges,  with 
2,824  students  and  $246,940  income.  These  institutions  were  mostly  closed 
during  the  war,  a  part  of  the  buildings  were  burned  and  others  were  used 
for  hospital  purposes  or  for  barracks. 


470  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  "  College  of  William  and  Mary"  was  chartered  by  the  crown  in  1693, 
and  contributions  for  buildings  and  the  endowment  were  made  by  William 
and  Mary.  The  buildings  have  been  several  times  burned  and  rebuilt.  It 
was  occupied  in  1861,  first  as  a  barrack,  and  next  as  a  hospital.  The  princi 
pal  building  was  destroyed  in  1862,  with  the  furniture  and  apparatus ;  and 
later  in  the  war  all  the  remaining  buildings  were  burned  or  greatly  injured. 
The  college  was  re-opened  in  the  autumn  of  1865. 

Washington  College  had  its  origin  in  a  Classical  School  established  before 
the  Revolutionary  War,  by  the  early  settlers  of  the  Valley  of  Virginia.  In 
honor  of  the  benefaction  of  General  Washington,  the  name  was,  in  1798, 
changed  to  Washington  Academy,  and  afterwards  to  Washington  College. 

Since  the  late  war,  the  College  has  been  re-opened  under  favorable  auspi 
ces,  and  with  wider  aims  and  largely  extended  facilities.  The  course  of 
study  is  elective,  each  student  being  allowed  to  pursue  such  studies  as  his 
parent  or  guardian  may  select,  if  found  prepared. 

The  University  of  Virginia  was  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  had  over 
600  students  in  1860.  This  number  was  diminished  to  less  than  50  in  1863, 
but  since  the  close  of  the  war,  has  again  increased  to  nearly  500.  Provision 
has  been  made  by  the  Legislature  for  the  admission  of  one  student  from  each 
Senatorial  District  of  the  State,  without  payment  of  matriculation  and  tuition 
fees  and  rents.  By  way  of  remuneration  to  the  State  for  the  aid  afforded 
these  students,  they  are  required,  on  admission,  to  sign  an  engagement  to 
teach  in  some  public  or  private  school  in  Virginia,  for  two  years  after  leaving 
the  University  ;  the  emoluments  of  such  service  enuring,  of  course,  to  their 
own  benefit. 

No  general  free  sch<5ol  system  has  been  established. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

No  census  has  been  taken  of  the  State  since  its  division,  but  the  popula 
tion  as  given  by  the  United  States  Census,  including  West  Virginia,  was  as 
follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  Slaves.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1790 442,115 12,766 293,427 748,308 

1800 514,230 20,124 345,796 880,200 17.63 

1810 551,534 30,570 392,518 974,022 10.73 

1820 603,087 36,889 425,153 1,065,129 9.31 

1830 694,300 47,348 469,757 1,211,405 13.71 

1840 740,858 49,852 449,087. 1.239,797 2.34 

1850 894,800 54,333 472,528 1,421,661 14.60 

I860 1,047,411 58,042 490,865 1,596,318 12.29 

The  white  population  of  Virginia  is  mainly  of  British  origin.  There  were 
in  1860,  10,500  persons  natives  of  Germany,  and  a  few  from  France  and  other 
foreign  countries. 

This  State  has  a  great  variety  in  surface  and  climate.  The  system  of  farm 
ing  practiced  before  the  war  tended  to  an  exhaustion  of  the  soil,  and  there 
are  large  tracts  of  worn  out  lands,  but  in  many  of  the  valleys  the  soil  is  still 
very  fertile.  Land  is  valued  about  25  per  cent,  less  than  before  the  war. 
Much  of  it  is  excellent  for  grazing.  The  principal  cultivated  products  are 


1869.]  WEST  VIRGINIA.  471 

corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  tobacco.     Fruit  is  raised  in  Eastern  Virginia  and  sent 
to  northern  markets. 

A  large  portion  of  the  State  is  still  covered  with  wood  and  timber,  which 
are  valuable  for  ship  building,  and  manufacturing  purposes.  The  useful  min 
erals  as  iron,  lead,  coal  and  salt  are  abundant,  and  gold  has  been  worked  in 
Stafford  and  some  other  counties  with  profit.  The  State  possesses,  in  her 
minerals  and  abundant  water  power,  great  natural  advantages  for  manufac 
turing  ;  but  this  branch  of  industry  has  not  received  as  much  attention  as 
agriculture. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  24,369,908  bushels;  value,  $17,790,033;  wheat,  4,331,364  bush 
els;  value,  $12,344,387 ;  rye,  698,453  bushels ;  value,  $740,360;  oats,  10,245,156  bushels;  value, 
$4,610,320;  buckwheat,  162,686  bushels;  value,  $138,278;  potatoes,  1,592,166  bushels ;  value,  $1,- 
050,830 ;  tobacco,  114,480,516  pounds  ;  value,  $15,6a3,830 ;  hay,  203,698  tons ;  value,  $2,908,807. 

Banks.  Number  of  National  Banks,  Sept.  30,  1868— organized,  20 ;  closed  or  closing,  2 ;  ia 
operation,  18,  with  a  capital  paid  in  of  $2,500,000. 


36.    WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Capital,  Wheeling.    Area,  23,000  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  376,688. 

This  state  formed  part  of  Virginia  until  the  latter  seceded  from  the  Union. 
Delegates  from  forty  counties  assembled  at  Wheeling,  June  11, 1861,  protest 
ed  against  the  act  of  secession,  and  organized  a  provisional  government. 

A  convention  met  at  the  same  place  on  the  26th  of  November,  1861,  and 
framed  a  constitution  for  a  new  state,  which  was  ratified  by  vote  of  the  peo 
ple,  May  3,  1862.  An  act  passed  by  Congress,  admitting  the  state  on  condi 
tion  of  the  adoption  of  certain  amendments  to  the  constitution,  was  ap 
proved  by  the  President  on  the  31st  of  December,  1862.  The  changes  having 
been  made,  and  ratified  by  a  large  majority  of  the  people,  the  President 
issued  a  proclamation  April  20, 1863,  declaring  that  the  act  should  take  effect 
and  be  in  force  after  June  20,  .at  which  time  the  new  state  government  was 
inaugurated. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  SALARY. 

Governor WILLIAM  E.  STEVENSON $2,000 

Secretary  of  State JAMES  M.  PIPES 1,300 

Auditor THOMAS  BOGGESS 1,500 

Treasurer JAMES  A.  MACAULEY 1,400 

Attorney  General THAYER  MC!LVIN 1,000 

Adjutant  Gemfal J.  H.  DUVAL 1,500 

Supt.  of  Public  Instruction W.  H.  WHITE 1,500 

The  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  Auditor,  and  Attorney  Gen 
eral  are  chosen  by  the  electors  of  the  state,  on  the  4th  Thursday  of  October^ 
biennially,  and  hold  office  for  two  years. 

The  legislative  power  of  the  state  is  vested  in  a  Senate  and  House  of  Dele 
gates,  the  former  consisting  of  22  Senators,  elected  for  two  years,  and  the 
latter  of  57  Delegates,  elected  for  one  year.  The  Legislature  is  required  ta 
meet  once  a  year,  the  regular  sessions  to  begin  on  the  third  Tuesday  of  Jan 
uary.  Sessions  are  limited  to  forty-five  days,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by 


472  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

two-thirds  of  both  houses.     The  pay  of  Senators  and  Delegates  is  $3  per 
day,  and  ten  cents  per  mile  of  travel  going  and  returning. 

Every  white  male  citizen,  21  years  of  age,  who  has  resided  in  the  state  one 
year,  and  in  the  county  thirty  days,  is  entitled  to  vote.  Paupers,  lunatics, 
and  felons  are  excluded. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  state  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals, 
Circuit  Courts,  and  certain  inferior  courts.  The*Supreme  Court  consists  of 
three  judges,  elected  by  the  people  to  hold  office  12  years,  one  to  go  out 
every  fourth  year.  This  court  has  original  jurisdiction  in  cases  of  habeas 
corpus,  mandamus,  and  prohibition  ;  and  appellate  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases 
where  the  matter  in  controversy,  exclusive  of  costs,  is  of  greater  value  or 
amount  than  $200 ;  in  controversies  concerning  the  title  or  boundaries  of 
land,  the  probate  of  wills,  in  certain  other  specified  cases ;  also  in  criminal 
cases,  where  there  has  been  a  conviction  for  felony  or  misdemeanor  in  a  Cir 
cuit  Court;  and  such  other  appellate  jurisdiction  as  may  be  prescribed  by 
law. 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  Salmon  P.  Chase.  District  Judge,  John  J.  Jackson.  District  Attorney,  Benj. 
H.  Smith.  Marshal,  E.  M.  Norton.  Ckrk  of  District  Court,  J.  Y.  Moore. 

SUPREME  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

Judges,  Edwin  J.  Maxwell,  Clarksburg;  James  H.  Brown,  Charleston ;  R.  L.  Berkshire,  Mor- 
gantown.  Clerk,  Sylvanus  W.  Hall,  Fairmont.  Reporter,  John  M.  Hagans,  Morgantown. 
Salaries  of  the  Judges,  $2,000  each. 

The  constitution  of  West  Virginia  provides  for  eleven  circuits,  which  are  constituted  ae 
follows : 

First  Circuit,  Hancock,  Brooke,  Ohio,  and  Marshall  counties.  Second  Circuit,  Monongalia, 
Preston,  Tucker,  and  Taylor  counties.  Third  Circuit,  Marion,  Harrison,  and  Barbour  coun 
ties.  Fourth  Circuit,  Wetzel,  Tyler,  Pleasants,  Ritchie,  Doddridge,  and  Gilmer  counties. 
Fifth  Circuit,  Randolph,  Upshur,  Lewis,  Braxton,  Webster,  and  Nicholas  counties.  Sixth 
Circuit,  Wood,  Wirt,  Calhoun,  Roane,  Jackson,  and  Clay 'counties.  Seventh  Circuit,  Kanawha, 
Putnam,  Mason,  and  Fayette  counties.  Eighth  Circuit,  Cabell,  Wayne,  Boone,  Logan,  Wyom 
ing,  and  Raleigh  counties.  Ninth  Circuit,  Pocahontas,  Greenbrier,  Monroe,  Mercer,  and  Mc 
Dowell  counties.  Tenth  Circuit,  Pendleton,  Hampshire,  Hardy,  Grant,  and  Mineral  counties. 
Ekventh  Circuit,  Berkely,  Jefferson,  and  Morgan  counties. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

The  sessions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals  are  held  at  the  city  of  Wheeling,  and  begin  on 
the  2d  Thursday  in  July  each  year. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  October  1,  1866,        ....        $34,793.49 
Receipts  for  the  year,  -        -        - 588,784.15 

Total, $623,577.64 

Disbursements, 618,681.75 

Balance  in  the  Treasury,  Sept.  30,  1867,  ....          $4,895.89 


WEST  VIRGINIA.  473 

CHIEF  SOURCES  OF  REVENUE. 

Balance,  October  1,  1866 $34,793.49       Fines  imposed $8,824.26 

State  tax 325,678.15       Jury  costs  and  militia  fines 2,000.55 

School  tax. 153,139.50       On  account  of  school  fund 23,136.44 

License  tax 54,551.84 

Sales  of  Delinquent  Lands 12,026.14  $623,577.64 

EXPENDITURES. 

On  account  of  school  funds $155,182.22       Books  for  state  library $2,000.00 

Salaries 44,295.81        Soldiers'  Medals 25,418.51 

Expenses  of  Legislature 23,321.27       For  Penitentiary  at  Moundsville 79,092.14 

Contingent  expenses , 13,949.86       Miscellaneous 59,017.09 

Expenses  of  lunatics  in  jails 6,776.30 

Criminal  charges 42,485.71  Total  expenditures $618,681.75 

Hospital  for  insane 108,000.00  Balance  in  Treasury,  Oct.  1, 1867. . . .    4,895.89 

Support  of  lunatics  in  Va.  Asylums.  24,912.00 

Registration  of  voters 16,431.54  $623,577.64 

Com.  for  revaluation  of  lands 17,799.30 

EDUCATION. 

The  State  Superintendent  of  Free  Schools  is  elected  biennially  by  the  Leg 
islature,  and  has  the  general  supervision  of  all  the  free  schools  in  the  state. 
He  prescribes  the  forms  and  blanks  necessary  for  the  uniform  operation  of 
the  school  system ;  decides  questions  and  controversies  arising  out  of  the  in 
terpretation  and  construction  of  the  school  laws ;  convenes  the  county  super 
intendents  within  each  judicial  circuit  once  in  each  year ;  recommends  sys 
tems  and  methods  of  instruction,  and  at  each  session  of  the  Legislature  re 
ports  the  condition  of  free  schools  within  the  state.  There  is  in  each  county, 
a  county  superintendent,  elected  for  two  years,  who  is  required  by  law  to 
examine  teachers,  and  visit  schools  within  his  county  at  least  once  every  six 
months.  He  is  to  make  suggestions  to  teachers  and  boards  of  education,  and 
report  annually  to  the  State  Superintendent.  From  and  after  February, 
1871,  no  person  is  eligible  to  the  office  of  County  Superintendent  who  has  not 
received  a  State  Teachers1  certificate. 

Three  school  commissioners  are  elected  in  each  township,  and  hold  office 
for  three  years,  who  with  the  clerk  of  the  township,  constitute  a  Board  of 
Education,  wrhich  has  the  management  and  disposal  of  all  public  school 
property,  and  the  general  supervision  of  the  schools  of  the  township. 

The  local  administration  of  public  schools  in  each  district  is  placed  in  the 
hands  of  three  trustees,  elected  annually. 

The  Bible  is  read  in  every  school  at  the  opening  exercises,  and  it  is  made 
the  teacher's  duty  to  inculcate  the  duties  of  piety,  morality,  and  respect  for 
the  laws  and  government  of  their  country. 

There  is  a  State  School  Fund,  consisting  of  stock  in  various  banks  in  the 
state  and  of  United  States  Registered  Pacific  Railroad  Bonds,  the  income  of 
which  is  annually  distributed,  with  the  school  and  capitation  tax,  and  other 
school  money,  to  the  various  counties. 

Provision  for  the  education  of  teachers  is  made  in  three  State  Normal 
Schools;  one  at  Guyandotte,  Cabell  County;  one  at  West  Liberty,  Ohio 
County ;  and  one  at  Fairmont,  Marion  County.  Appropriations  have  been 
made  which  will  secure  convenient  and  well  arranged  buildings  at  each 
place. 


474  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

At  Guyandotte,  the  property  known  as  Marshall  College,  has  been  trans 
ferred  to  the  state,  and  alterations  and  repairs  have  been  made  which  adapt 
the  buildings  to  the  wants  of  a  Normal  School.  At  West  Liberty,  the  West 
Liberty  Academy  has  been  purchased,  and  fitted  up  for  the  school,  and  at 
Fairmont,  a  spacious  and  convenient  building  has  been  erected.  The  Nor 
mal  School  at  this  place  opened  May  6,  1867,  with  90  students  in  attendance. 

The  State  Agricultural  College,  located  at  Morgantown,  Monongalia  County, 
was  formally  opened  on  June  27,  1867.  The  proceeds  of  the  scrip  donated 
by  Congress,  for  the  benefit  of  the  college,  were  $90,000.  The  grounds  of 
the  college  comprise  about  25  acres,  a  portion  of  which  is  used  as  a  garden 
and  form.  The  college  has  large  and  substantial  buildings,  and  a  full  corps 
of  instructors. 

Public  School  Statistics  for  1867.  Number  of  school  districts,  1517;  number  of 
school  houses— frame,  342;  brick,"  26;  stone,  2;  log,  332;  total,  751.  Number  of  school  houses 
built  in  1867, 363 ;  number  supplied  with  good  furniture,  199 ;  with  apparatus,  136 ;  average  value 
of  school  houses,  $433 ;  total  value  of  school  property,  $396,107.09 ;  whole  number  of  schools, 
1,140;  number  of  persons  between  6  and  21 —white,  112,306;  colored,  2,518;  total,  115.340 ;  num 
ber  attending  school— males,  18,728 ;  females,  16,199 ;  total,  35,304 ;  daily  average  attendance- 
males,  10,692 ;  females,  9,467 ;  total,  20,283;  average  monthly  salary  of  teachers,  $36 ;  highest 
salary  for  male  teachers,  $103.33 ;  lowest,  $22.56 ;  highest  salary  for  female  teachers,  $41 ;  low 
est,  $12.50 ;  months  taught  by  males,  22.28 ;  by  females,  12.21 ;  total,  37.96 ;  average  cost  of  tui 
tion  per  month,  $1.57.  Amount  of  school  fund,  $172,023.15 ;  amount  of  levies  in  counties  report 
ed,  $164,639.53 ;  total  amount  of  receipts,  $200,093.99 ;  total  amount  of  expenditures,  $167,130.17. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Weston  was  founded  in  1857,  by  the  state 
of  Virginia,  and  the  erection  of  the  buildings  commenced  before  the  division 
of  the  state.  The  plan  consisted  of  a  center  building,  flanked  by  sections 
and  wings,  forming  a  continuous  structure,  having  a  front  1,196  feet  in  length, 
with  three  halls  running  back  from  the  wings  120  feet. 

A  large  amount  of  work  had  been  done  on  the  building  before  West  Vir 
ginia  was  organized.  After  the  appointment  of  the  new  Board  of  Trustees, 
in  1864,  the  work  was  resumed,  and  one  wing  of  the  building  so  far  com 
pleted  that  it  was  opened  in  October,  1864,  and  a  number  of  patients  admit 
ted.  The  portion  now  erected  will  accommodate  100  patients,  and  when  the 
building  is  complete,  room  will  be  furnished  for  250.  In  November,  1867, 
40  patients,  before  maintained  by  this  State,  at  Taunton,  Virginia,  were  re 
moved  to  the  new  hospital. 

The  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind  are  supported  at  the  expense  of  the  state,  at 
Staunton,  Virginia. 

The  Legislature,  in  1866,  appointed  a  Board  of  Directors  to  construct  a 
penitentiary,  and  made  an  appropriation  of  $50,000  towards  the  work.  A 
further  appropriation  of  $50,000  was  made  in  1867.  At  the  close  of  the 
year  1867,  the  Directors  had  expended  for  stone  and  work  on  the  prison 
proper,  $78,431.68. 

Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Weston.  R.  HILLS,  M.  D.,  Superintendent.  Number  in  the 
hospital,  October  1, 1866 — males,  22;  females,  21 ;  total,  43;  admitted  during  the  year — males, 
10;  females,  9;  total,  19;  total  under  treatment,  92.  Discharged  during  the  year— recovered, 
12;  improved,  4;  died,  1 ;  total,  17.  Remaining,  October  1,  1867— males,  21 ;  females,  24;  total, 


WEST  VIRGINIA.  475 

45.  Whole  number  admitted  from  opening  of  institution,  October  1, 1867— males,  44 ;  females, 
46;  total,  90.  Whole  number  discharged— recovered,  26;  improved,  8;  unimproved,  3;  died,  8; 
total,  45.  Estimated  current  expenses  for  1868,  $39,150;  for  transportation  of  patients,  $6,000. 

West  Virginia  Penitentiary,  Moundsville.  G.  S.  MCFADDEN,  Superintendent.  Number 
of  convicts,  August,  1866, 16.  Number  received  during  the  year,  109.  Number  discharged,  21 ; 
pardoned,  6 ;  escaped,  32 ;  recaptured,  18 ;  died,  1 ;  number  remaining,  November  30, 1867,  83. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

No  census  has  been  taken  in  this  state  since  its  organization,  but  accord 
ing  to  the  census  of  1860,  the  counties  now  included  in  West  Virginia  had 
a  population  of  376,688,  of  whom  358,317  were  free,  and  18,371  were  slaves. 
Of  the  former,  181,645  were  white  males,  173,899  white  females,  and  2,773 
free  colored  persons. 

In  1867,  the  number  of  male  inhabitants  over  21  years  of  age,  as  ascer 
tained  for  the  purposes  of  taxation,  was  77,219,  of  whom  74,934  were  white, 
and  2,285  colored.  The  Commissioner  of  Immigration  has  established  agen 
cies  in  New  York,  Baltimore,  and  Germany  to  give  information  to  persons 
from  Europe  seeking  homes  in  America. 

The  soil  is  generally  well  suited  to  wheat  and  corn ;  the  irregularity  of 
surface  is  the  principal  drawback  to  tillage.  In  the  interior  counties  the 
principal  market  products  are  wool,  sheep,  and  cattle.  Some  of  the  best 
timber  of  the  country  is  to  be  found  here,  of  all  the  different  kinds  of  oaks, 
black  walnut,  hickory,  poplar,  and  cherry.  Nearly  all  kinds  of  fruits  do 
well,  particularly  apples,  pears,  and  grapes. 

The  state  is  rich  in  minerals,  there  being  an  abundance  of  iron,  coal,  salt, 
and  limestone.  Coal  in  veins  suitable  for  working  is  found  in  greatest  abund 
ance  along  the  banks  of  the  upper  Ohio,  in  the  hills  along  the  course  of  the 
Monongahela  and  its  branches,  in  the  central  counties  of  the  State,  in  the 
Piedmont  region  east  of  the  summit,  in  the  Kanawha  valley,  and  in  all  the 
counties  south  of  that  river.  The  coal  lands  of  Guyandotte,  cover  niue- 
tenths  of  the  Guyandotte  valley,  in  horizontal  strata  in  the  hills,  from  3  to 
11  feet  thick,  aggregating  in  some  hills  25  or  30  feet.  Petroleum  abounds  in 
several  counties  in  the  western  partof  the  state.  In  1860,  there  were  in  the 
counties  now  constituting  the  state,  2,346,137  acres  of  improved,  and  8,550,257 
acres  of  unimproved  land.  A  considerable  portion  has  been  brought  under 
culture  since  that  time,  but  the  mountainous  character  of  a  part  of  the  state 
will  prevent  its  being  used  for  agricultural  purposes,  though  flocks  and  herds 
find  abundant  pasture  on  its  hill  slopes.  The  following  statistics  very  fairly 
represent  the  agricultural  and  other  wealth  of  the  state  at  the  close  of  1867  : 

Taxable  Property  of  the  State.  Number  of  acres,  19,350,573;  value,  with  buildings, 
$76,182,784.  Value  of  building  lots  and  buildings,  $10,711,938.  Aggregate  value  of  land  and 
buildings,  $86,894,702.  Number  of  horses,  mules  and  asses,  88,982 ;  average  value,  $67 ;  total 
value,  $5,942,448.  Number  of  cattle  in  the  state,  241,058;  average  value,  $21 ;  total  value,  $5,- 
084,597.  Number  of  sheep,  564,987 ;  average  value,  $2.07 ;  total  value,  $1,166,396.  Number  of 
hogs,  108,216 ;  average  value,  $3.37 ;  total  value,  $364,539.  Value  of  household  and  kitchen  fur 
niture,  $3,898,020;  money,  bonds,  and  securities,  $7,491,907;  money,  bonds  and  contracts,  under 
control  of  courts,  $268,588.  Average  value  of  personal  property  listed  by  merchants,  $3,964,963 ; 
by  manufacturers,  $1,037,150;  by  railroad  companies,  $6,568,103.  Capital  of  other  joint  stock 
companies,  $153,197.  Total  value  of  personal  property,  $39,166,041. 


476  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

37.    WISCONSIN. 

Capital,  Madison.    Area,  53,924  square  miles.    Population  (1860),  775,881. 
Wisconsin  was  settled  at  Green  Bay  in  1669,  by  the  French ;  it  was  a  part 
of  the  territory  ceded  by  Virginia  to  the  United  States,  was  set  off  from 
Michigan,  December  23,  1834,  organized  as  a  territory,  April  30,  1836,  and 
admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  May  29,  1848. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor , Lucius  FAIRCHILD Madison $1,250 

Lieutenant  Governor WYMAN  SPOONER Elk  Horn * 

Secretary  of  State THOMAS  S.  ALLEN Mineral  Point 1,200 

State  Treasurer WILLIAM  E.  SMITH Fox  Lake 1,400 

Attorney  General CHARLES  R.  GILL Watertown 2,000 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  A.  J.  CRAIG Madison 1,200 

Bank  Comptroller J.  M.  RUSK Viroqua 2,000 

State  Prison  Commissioner HENRY  CORDIER Waupun 1,200 

Adjutant  General ED.  E.  BRYANT Monroe 

All  of  the  above  officers,  except  the  Adjutant  General,  are  chosen  by  the 
people  to  serve  for  a  term  of  two  years.  The  general  election  is  held  on  the 
first  Tuesday  in  November.  The  Senate  consists  of  33  members  elected  for 
two  years,  and  the  House  of  Representatives  of  100  members  elected  for  one 
year.  The  members  of  both  Houses  are  allowed  $350  per  annum  each  for 
services,  and  ten  cents  a  mile  for  travel.  The  Legislature  meets  annually  on 
the  first  Wednesday  in  January.  The  following  persons  are  entitled  to  vote : 
1.  Citizens  of  the  United  States.  2.  Persons  of  foreign  birth  who  have  de 
clared  their  intentions  to  become  citizens.  3.  Persons  of  Indian  blood  who 
have  been  declared  citizens  by  act  of  Congress.  4.  Civilized  person's  of  In 
dian  descent  not  members  of  any  tribe. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  State,  as  to  matters  both  of  law  and  equity,  is 
vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  Circuit  Courts,  County  Courts  with  probate  pow 
ers  and  jurisdiction,  and  in  Justices  of  the  peace. 

The  Supreme  Court  has  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  matters  of  law 
and  equity,  which  extends  to  all  matters  of  appeal,  errors,  or  complaint  from 
the  decisions  or  judgments  of  the  Circuit  and  County  Courts.  It  has  power 
to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  quo  warranto,  prohibition,  error,  supersed^ean,  pro- 
cedendo  certiorari,  scire  facias,  and  all  other  writs  and  processes  necessary  to 
enforce  the  due  administration  of  justice.  It  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice 
and  two  Associate  Justices  who  are  elected  by  the  people,  and  whose  term 
of  office  is  six  years. 

The  Circuit  Courts  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  civil  and  crimi 
nal,  within  the  State,  (except  in  a  few  specified  cases),  and  appellate  jurisdic 
tion  from  all  inferior  courts.  They  have  also  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas 
corpus,  quo  warranto,  and  the  like.  The  State  is  divided  into  eleven  judicial 
circuits.  The  Judges  are  elected  by  the  voters  of  each  circuit  respectively, 
and  hold  their  office  for  six  years. 

*  $5.00  per  day  when  acting. 


1869.]  WISCONSIN.  477 

UNITED  STATES  COURTS. 

Circuit  Judge,  David  Davis.  District  Judge,  Andrew  G.  Miller.  District  Attorney,  J.  B.  D. 
Coggswell.  Marshal,  Cassias  Fairchild.  Clerk  of  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  J.  M.  Miller. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  Luther  S.  Dixon,  Portage  City.  Associate  Justices,  Orsamus  Cole,  Madison ; 
Byron  Paine,  Milwaukee.  Clerk,  La  Fayette  Kellogg,  Madison.  Reporter,  O.  M.  Conover, 
Madison.  Salary  of  Justices,  $4,000  each. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS. 

1st  Circuit,  William  P.  Lyon,  Racine ;  2tf  Circuit,  Arthur  McArthur,  Milwaukee ;  M  Circuit, 
David  J.  Pulling,  Fox  Lake ;  4th  Circuit,  David  Taylor,  Sheboygan ;  5th  Circuit,  Joseph  T.  Mills, 
Lancaster;  6(h  Circuit,  Edwin  Flint,  La  Crosse  ;  1th  Circuit,  George  W.  Cate,  Steven's  Point; 
8th  Circuit,  H.  L.  Humphrey,  Hudson  ;  9th  Circuit,  Alva  Stewart,  Portage  City ;  Wth  Circuit, 
G.  W.  Washburn,  Oshkosh;  llth  Circuit,  Solon  H.  Clough,  Osceola  Mills.  Salary  of  Judges, 
$2,500  each. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

The  Supreme  Court  holds  two  regular  terms  in  each  year  at  Madison,  commencing  on  the  first 
Tuesday  in  February  and  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  September,  in  each  and  every  year. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  the  General  Fund  at  commencement  of  fiscal  year,       $165,710.84 
Receipts  into  the  General  Fund  from  all  sources,        -        -  669,417.11 

$835,127.95 
Disbursements, 826,534.72 


Leaving  an  available  balance,  Sept.  30,  1867,  of  $8,593.23 

The  different  items  of  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  general  fund 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  September  30,  1867,  were  as  follows : 
RECEIPTS.  DISBURSEMENTS. 

Balance,  Sept.  30, 1866 $165,710.84       Salaries  and  permanent  appropr'ns.. $69,300.12 

State  tax  and  tax  on  suits 352,136.88       Legislative  expenses  of  1867 86,201.86 

From  Banks 5,906.92        State  prison  and  charitable  instit'ns.159,648.00 

Insurance  companies 52,184.05        Permanent  improvements  for  do 142,650.98 

Railroad  companies 239,480.71       Donations  to  private  hospitals 8,500.00 

Telegraphs,  plank  roads,  &c 3,686.12       State  capitol,  improvement 52,103.55 

Transferred  from  other  funds 8,910.59       Interest  on  State  indebtedness 159,324.98 

Miscellaneous  sources 7,111.84       State  indebtedness  paid 3,134.00 

Miscellaneous 145,671.23 

Total  receipts  and  balance $835,127.95       Total expendit'e  &bal.  Sept.  30,'67.  $835,127.95 

The  estimated  expenditures  from  October  1, 1867,  to  January  1,1869,  were  $857,138,  and  the 
estimated  revenue  for  the  same  period,  $973,056. 

STATE  DEBT. 

Amount  due  to  the  School  Fund,     -  $1,394,900 

Normal  School  Fund,  381,500 

University  fund,        -  101,000 

State  bonds  in  the  hands  of  individuals,  -                         401,600 

Currency  receipts  outstanding,  -                                       57 

Total  indebtedness  of  the  State,  January,  1868,          -  $2,279,057 


478  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

EDUCATION. 

This  State  has  made  liberal  provisions  for  elementary  and  higher  educa 
tion.  The  State  University  gives  evidence  of  renewed  life  and  vigor,  and  is 
receiving  the  confidence  of  the  people.  The  total  productive  fund  belong 
ing  to  the  University  is  $215,298.83.  The  receipts  of  the  income  fund  for 
the  last  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $18,338.24.  This  institution  embraces  the 
following  departments  :  A  College  of  Letters,  a  College  of  Arts,  a  Prepara 
tory  Department,  and  a  Female  Department.  In  the  College  of  Letters,  the 
course  of  instruction  in  Languages,  Literature  and  Science  is  intended  to  be 
equal  to  that  of  the  best  colleges  in  the  country.  The  college  of  Arts,  which 
is  the  agricultural  and  scientific  College  of  the  State,  is  so  organized  that  it 
can  be  expanded  indefinitely,  until  each  course  of  study  becomes  so  promi 
nent  as  to  lake  its  place  as  a  distinct  school  or  college.  The  Preparatory 
Department  is  designed  mainly  for  the  preparation  of  young  men  for  the 
College  classes.  The  Department  for  young  ladies  under  the  re-organization, 
really  constitutes  a  distinct  college,  in  which  they  are  admitted  to  all  the 
advantages  of  University  education.  An  experimental  farm,  comprising 
195  acres  has  been  secured,  which,  with  the  land  before  belonging  to  the  in 
stitution,  forms  a  tract  of  235  acres. 

The  public  schools  are  under  the  supervision  of  a  State  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  elected  by  the  people.  Local  supervision  is  under  the 
charge  of  county  and  city  superintendents. 

In  1865,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  to  dispose  of  the  swamp  and  over 
flowed  lands,  and  appropriated  the  proceeds  to  the  Normal  School  Fund. 
In  1867,  this  fund  amounted  to  over  $600,000  invested  and  paying  seven  per 
cent,  interest.  When  the  lands  are  all  sold  and  the  avails  added  to  the  fund, 
it  is  supposed  that  the  amount  will  be  increased  to  $1,500,000. 

The  Normal  School  at  Platteville  was  opened  October  9,  1866.  Normal 
Schools  have  also  been  located  at  Whitewater,  Stoughton,  Oshkosh,  and 
Sheboygan.  There  were  42  teachers' institutes  held  in  1867,  with  an  attend 
ance  of  1,604  teachers. 

Public  Schools.  Whole  number  of  districts  in  the  State,  3,770;  parts  of  districts,  1,895. 
Number  of  children  over  4  and  under  20  years  of  age— in  the  State,  371,083 ;  in  districts  main 
taining  school  5  or  more  months,  330,2(53 ;  who  have  attended  school,  233,576 ;  number  of  different 
pupils  who  have  attended  public  schools  during  the  year,  239,945.  Number  of  schools — with  two 
departments,  254 ;  with  three  or  more  departments,  103 ;  number  of  teachers  required  for  the 
schools,  5,059 ;  number  of  different  teachers  employed  during  the  year,  8.357.  Average  wages 
of  teachers — males,  $40.76,  females,  $26.34 ;  number  of  schools  visited  by  County  Superintend 
ents.  4,223;  number  of  public  school-houses  in  the  State,  4,565;  number  of  pupils  accommo 
dated,  259,284 ;  number  of  sites— containing  less  than  1  acre,  3,621 ;  well  enclosed,  903 ;  number 
of  school-houses  built  of  stone  or  brick,  451;  with  outhouses  in  good  condition,  1,867:  cash 
value  of  school-houses,  $2,189,159 ;  of  sites,  $333,567 ;  total,  $2,522,726.  Money  on  hand,  August 
31,  1866,  $209,128;  from  taxes  levied— for  building  and  repairing,  $338,034;  teachers'  salaries, 
$725,464;  apparatus  and  library,  $11,758;  appropriated  at  annual  town  meeting,  $91,140;  by 
county  supervisors,  $163,622 ;  from  income  of  school  fund,  $158,518 ;  receipts  from  all  other 
sources,  $163,260;  total  receipts,  1867,  $1,860,924.  Expenditures — for  building  and  repairing 
school-houses,  $349,594;  apparatus  and  library,  $5,117;  services  of  teachers — male,  $331,911,  fe 
male,  $592,778 ;  old  indebtedness,  $63,540 ;  furniture,  registers  and  records,  $22,128 ;  all  other 
purposes,  $156,344 ;  total,  1867,  $1,521,412.  Amount  on  hand  (estimated),  Aug.  1, 1867,  $339,512 ; 
total  money  on  hand  and  expenditures,  $1,860,924. 


WISCONSIN.  479 

The  productive  educational  trust  funds  of  the  State  were,  on  Sept,  30, 1867,  as  follow? :  Com 
mon  School  Fund,  $2,096,307.60 ;  University  Fund,  $193,884.88 ;  Normal  School  Fund,  $002,781.92; 
Agricultural  College  Fund,  $18,417 ;  total,  $2,911,401.40.  Land  belonging  to  the  funds  unso:d— 
School  Fund,  413,897  acres ;  Normal  School  Fund,  480,520  acres ;  Agricultural  College  Fund, 
233,556  acres ;  total,  1,127,973  acres. 

Private  Schools.  Whole  number,  386;  number  of  teachers,  571;  of  pupils  registered, 
18,403.  Number  of  academies,  9 ;  of  students  in  1868,  1,495.  Cash  value  of  land,  $18,000 ;  of 
buildings,  $114,800 ;  amount  of  tuition,  $15,232 ;  of  other  income,  $1,687. 

Colleges.  Number  reported,  7;  number  of  members  of  faculties,  58;  number  graduates, 
394;  graduates  at  last  commencement.  69;  number  of  students  in  senior  classes,  51 ;  in  junior 
classes,  66;  in  sophomore,  130;  in  freshmen.  137;  in  preparatory  departments,  1,031;  number 
of  acres  owned  by  the  institutions,  344,447;  cash  value— of  lands,  $879,019;  of  building;-, 
$346,500;  amount  of  endowment  funds  except  real  estate,  $399,849;  of  income  from  tuition, 
$71,856;  from  other  sources,  $32,287. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

This  State  lias  established  institutions  for  the  education  and  support  of  the 
unfortunate,  on  an  ample  scale,  and  is  maintaining  them  with  a  liberal  spirit. 
These  institutions  are  all  reported  in  good  condition,  reflecting  credit  on 
those  who  manage  them,  and  on  the  State  by  whose  munificence  they  are 
sustained. 

The  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  situated  on  one  of  the  lakes  at  Madison,  has 
a  farm  connected  with  it,  worked  principally  by  the  less  afflicted  of  the  in 
mates,  which  yields  an  annual  profit  of  $6,000.  Two  wings  have  been  added 
to  the  building  since  1866,  rendering  the  institution  adequate  to  the  care 
of  about  350  patients.  There  are  about  700  insane  in  the  State  needing  care 
and  treatment. 

The  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  at  Delavan,  has 
ample  buildings  and  work-shops  which  have  been  recently  erected.  It  is  the 
intention  of  the  trustees,  to  render  the  institution  self-supporting,  as  far  as 
practicable.  All  the  scholars  are  required  to  labor  a  portion  of  each  day  ; 
the  girls  perform  the  lighter  kinds  of  housework  and  various  kinds  of  needle 
work  ;  and  the  boys  are  employed  at  various  trades,  the  necessary  work  about 
the  institution,  and  in  the  cultivation  of  the  farm  and  garden. 

The  original  building  of  the  Institution  for  the  education  of  the  Blind 
being  unsafe,  has  been  removed,  and  new  rooms  prepared  for  the  accommoda 
tion  of  the  pupils.  The  school  has  three  departments,  the  literary,  the  indus 
trial,  and  the  musical.  The  aim  is  to  give  each  pupil  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  rudiments  of  a  good  English  education,  and  those  who  are  capable, 
take  up  also  the  branches  of  English  studies  usually  attended  to  in  good  acad 
emies  and  high  schools.  In  the  industrial  department,  the  boys  of  suitable 
age  and  strength  are  taught  broom-making.  The  younger  boys  and  girls 
work  a  portion  of  every  day  at  bead-work.  The  older  girls  sew  and  knit, 
and  do  various  kinds  of  fancy  work. 

The  enlargements  and  improvements  made  in  all  these  institutions  within 
the  last  three  years,  have  added  much  to  the  comfort  of  the  classes  for  whom 
they  were  established.  All  are  open  to  citizens  of  the  State,  free  of  expense. 

The  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  is  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity,  there  being 
an  average  of  about  two  hundred  and  eighty  children,  and  there  are  many 
applicants  for  admission,  who  cannot  be  received  for  want  of  room. 


480  TI1E  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

In  the  State  Reform  School,  the  change  from  the  congregated  to  the  fam 
ily  system  has  produced  a  manifest  improvement.  New  buildings  have  been 
completed  which  answer  admirably  the  purposes  of  their  erection.  The  in 
mates  can  now  be  divided,  arranged  and  classified  with  reference  to  their 
fitness  for  association  together,  thus  ensuring  success  in  their  reformation, 
when  success  is  attainable. 

The  State  Prison  is  situated  at  Waupun,  and  has  been  pronounced  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  United  States.  The  buildings  have  been  extended  by  the 
erection  of  another  wing ;  the  whole  work  being  done  by  convicts  who  never, 
before  the  wing  was  begun,  had  worked  an  hour  at  the  trade.  They  were 
assisted  and  directed  by  one  overseer  only.  The  convicts  are  wTorked  on  ac 
count  of  the  State,  and  their  earnings  will,  if  properly  managed,  be  sufficient 
to  pay  all  the  expenses  of  the  prison,  after  the  buildings  are  completed. 

"Wisconsin  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  Madison,  Dr.  A.  H.  VAN  NOSTRAND,  Super 
intendent.  Number  of  patients,  Oct.  1, 1866— males,  96,  females,  84 ;  total,  180.  Admitted  during 
the  year— males,  55,  females,  59;  total,  114.  Discharged— recovered,  49 ;  improved,  33;  unim 
proved,  22;  died,  10;  total,  114.  Remaining  in  hospital,  Oct.  1, 1867— males,  80,  females,  90; 
total,  180. 

"Wisconsin  Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Delavan,  H.  W. 
MILLIGAN,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Principal.  Number  of  pupils  in  attendance  during  the  year,  108. 

Wisconsin  Institution  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  Janesville,  THOS.  H.  LITTLE, 
M.  A.,  Superintendent.  Whole  number  of  pupils  instructed  during  the  year— males,  27,  females, 
27;  total,  54. 

Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  Madison,  F.  B.  BREWER,  Superintendent.  There  have  been 
admitted  during  the  year  commencing  Oct.  1,  1866,  133  children.  Whole  number  in  the  Home 
Oct.  1,  1867— males,  165,  females,  110  ;  total,  275.  Age— 4  years,  12;  5  years,  14;  6  years,  21 ;  7 
years,  21;  8  years,  31;  9  years,  41;  10  years,  32;  ll.years,  39;  12  years,  27;  13  years,  26;  14  years, 
10;  15  years,  1;  total,  275. 

State  Reform  School,  Waukesha,  A.  D.  HENDRICKSON,  Superintendent.  Number  in  school 
Oct.  9,  1866— males,  118,  females,  16;  total,  134.  Number  committed  and  returned  during  the 
year— males,  72,  females,  11 ;  total,  83.  Number  discharged,  46 ;  escaped,  16 ;  total,  62.  Remain 
ing  Oct.  9, 1867— males,  143,  females,  12 ;  total,  155.  Cause  of  commitment— Larceny,  35 ;  incor- 
rigibility,  22;  vagrancy,  10 ;  miscellaneous,  5  ;  total,  72.  Age— 10  years  and  under.  16  ;  11  years, 
5 ;  12  years,  18  ;  13  years,  12 ;  14  years,  9 ;  15  years,  9 ;  16  years  and  upward,  3 ;  total,  72.  Par 
entage—American,  57;  Irish  50;  German,  38;  English,  20;  colored,  12;  miscellaneous  and 
unknown,  40 ;  total,  217.  Whole  number  of  inmates  since  opening  of  school  in  1860— males, 
406,  females,  66 ;  total,  472. 

State  Prison,  Waupnn,  H.  CORDIER,  State  Prison  Commissioner.  Number  of  convicts  in 
prison  Oct.  1,  1866,  169;  received  during  the  year,  125.  Discharged— by  pardon,  16 ;  expiration 
of  sentence,  1 ;  reduction  of  time,  71;  total,  88.  Remaining  Oct.  1, 1867— males,  191,  females, 
15 ;  total,  206.  Nativity— United  States,  71 ;  Germany,  23 ;  Ireland,  8 ;  Canada,  6 ;  other  foreign 
countries,  17;  total,  125.  Cause  of  commitment — larceny,  75  ;  burglary,  10;  assault,  8;  forgery, 
5 ;  arson,  4  ;  miscellaneous,  23 ;  total,  125.  Whole  number  of  prisoners  since  organization,  1,224. 
Under  12  years  of  age,  3 ;  from  12  to  20,  228 ;  20  to  30,  533 ;  30  to  40,  259 ;  40  to  50,  125 ;  50  to  60, 
59;  60  to  70,  14;  70  to  80,  3;  total,  1,224.  There  have  been  discharged— on  expiration  of  sen 
tences,  343;  pardon,  277;  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  9;  by  order  of  Supreme  Court,  7;  removed  to 
insane  asylum,  2 ;  by  death,  11 ;  by  suicide,  2 ;  by  order  of  the  War  Department,  1 ;  escape  with 
out  recapture,  7 :  by  reduction  of  time,  359 ;  total,  1,018. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  has  rapidly  increased  since  the  census  was  first  taken 
in  the  State  in  1840,  being  then,  and  at  the  end  of  each  decade  since,  as 
follows : 

Inc.  per  cent.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1840 30,945 1850 305,391 886.88   1860 775,881 154.06 


1869.]  WISCONSIN.  43  j 

In  the  foreign  immigration  to  this  State  there  has  been  a  larger  proportion 
of  immigrants  from  Norway,  Germany  and  Wales,  than  in  the  other  States, 
Wisconsin  receiving  from  the  former  country  nearly  as  many  as  all  the  other 
States.  A  Board  of  Immigration,  provided  for  by  the  Legislature  in  1867, 
has  been  organized. 

The  surface  of  the  State  is  rolling  prairie,  elevated  from  six  hundred  to 
twelve  hundred  feet  above  sea  level,  with  no  mountains  or  lofty  hills.  The 
soil  in  the  southern  part  is  remarkably  productive,  and  even  in  the  mineral 
regions  of  the  northwest  it  is  well  adapted  to  grazing.  Wheat,  corn,  oats, 
potatoes,  and  hay  are  the  staple  crops,  the  first-named  being  the  most  exten 
sively  grown,  and  by  far  the  heaviest  money  crop,  being  made  a  specialty  in 
a  large  majority  of  the  counties.  In  La  Crosse,  Monroe,  Richland,  Racine, 
Sauk  and  other  counties,  hops  have  become  an  important  interest,  and  have 
proved  highly  remunerative.  In  Sauk  county  they  are  made  a  specialty, 
growing  luxuriantly,  and  yielding  most  abundantly.  This  county  alone  in 
1867,  received  for  the  article  of  hops,  about  $3,000,000. 

This  State  possesses  abundant  timber  resources,  and  an  immense  lumbering 
business  is  carried  on  in  many  of  the  northern  and  western  counties,  the  pine 
ries  of  Marathon,  Chippewa,  Clark,  Wood,  St.  Croix,  and  other  counties, 
furnishing  many  millions  of  feet  of  logs  and  lumber  annually. 

The  mineral  resources  of  the  State  are  varied  and  valuable.  The  lead  re 
gion  of  Illinois  and  Iowa  extends  over  an  area  of  2,140  square  miles  in 
Wisconsin.  The  iron  region  of  Lake  Superior  presents  within  the  limits  of 
this  State  abundant  deposits  of  great  richness.  Magnetic  iron,  plumbago, 
and  the  non-metallic  earths  abound.  Copper  deposits  have  also  been  devel 
oped,  but  as  yet  have  only  been  worked  to  a  limited  extent. 

The  facilities  for  propelling  machinery  found  in  the  various  water-courses 
of  Wisconsin  invite  large  investments  of  labor  and  capital  in  the  extension 
of  manufacturing  enterprise.  The  extensive  water  power  of  Milwaukee  river 
affords  great  facilities  for  manufacturing,  and  is  in  process  of  rapid  develop 
ment.  Milwaukee  is  the  greatest  primary  wheat  market  in  the  world.  In 
1862,  the  receipts  of  wheat  and  of  flour  reduced  to  wheat,  were  nearly 
18,000,000  of  bushels. 

The  aggregate  valuation  of  taxable  property  in  the  state,  in  1867,  as  equalized  by  the  State 
Board  of  Equalization,  was  $211,479,319.36,  being  an  increase  since  1865,  of  $57,212,699.06. 

The  manufacturing  establishments  in  1860  numbered  3,064,  with  a  capital  invested  of  $15,831,- 
581.  The  value  of  the  raw  material  absorbed  and  cost  of  production  equalled  $21,406,042,  the 
total  product  having  reached  $27,849,467,  leaving  a  profit  of  $6,403,425,  or  upwards  of  40  per 
cent,  upon  the  capital  invested. 

Products  in  1866.  Corn,  9,414,583  bushels;  value,  $7,719,958;  wheat,  20,307,920  bushels; 
value,  $33,914,226;  rye,  926,492  bushels ;  value,  $815,313;  oats,  17,174,086  bushels;  value,  $9,- 
274,006;  barley,  860,521  bushels;  value,  $774,469;  buckwheat,  69,227  bushels;  value,  $59,535 ; 
potatoes,  3,940,273  bushels ;  value,  $2,521,775 ;  hay,  1,151,477  tons;  value,  $14,105,593. 

Banks.  The  number  of  National  Banks,  Sept.  30,  1868,  was— organized,  37;  closed  or  clos 
ing,  3 ;  in  operation,  34;  with  a  paid  in  capital  of  $2,960,000. 

31 


482  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

38.    ALASKA  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Sitka,  or  New  Archangel.    Area,  577,390  square  miles.    Population,  75.000.* 

Alaska  comprises  that  portion  of  North  America,  which  is  situated  north 
of  the  parallel  of  54°  40'  north  latitude,  and  west  of  the  meridian  of  141°  west 
longitude.  It  embraces  numerous  islands  lying  along  the  coast  and  extend 
ing  west  from  the  principal  peninsula.  The  northern  coast  was  discovered 
in  1778,  by  Captain  Cook  who  reached  Icy  Cape,  latitude  70'  20'  north,  and 
longitude  160°  46'  west.  In  1826,  Capt.  Beechy  proceeded  east  as  far  as  North 
Cape,  or  Point  Barrow,  latitude  71°  23'  31"  north,  longitude,  156°  21'  32"  west ; 
while  about  the  same  time,  Sir  John  Franklin,  then  Captain  Franklin,  traced 
the  coast  west  from  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie  to  Return  Reef,  latitude 
70°  26'  north,  longitude  148°  52'  west.  The  intervening  space  between  Point 
Barrow  and  Return  Reef  was  explored  in  1837  by  Dease  and  Simpson,  officers 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

This  extensive  territory  was  granted  to  a  Russian-American  fur  company 
by  a  charter  from  the  Emperor  Paul  VIII.  in  July,  1799,  with  power  to  occupy 
and  bring  under  the  dominion  of  Russia  all  territories  north  or  south  of 
fifty-five  degrees,  not  previously  occupied  by  another  nation.  The  charter  of 
the  company  was  renewed  in  1839 ;  there  were  at  that  time,  thirty-six  hunting 
and  fishing  establishments.  . 

In  consideration  of  the  sum  of  $7,200,000,  the  territory  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia,  by  a  treaty  concluded  at  Washing 
ton,  March  30,  1867,  and  ratified  by  the  Senate,  May  28.  The  actual  transfer 
was  made  in  October  of  the  same  year,  Gen.  Rousseau  of  the  United  States 
service,  taking  formal  possession  on  behalf  of  the  Federal  Government,  at 
New  Archangel,  on  the  Island  of  Sitka. 

By  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July  27,  1868,  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  relating  to  customs,  commerce  and  navigation  were  extended  over  the 
territory,  and  a  collection  district  was  established.  By  order  from  General 
Halleck,  Aug.  13,  1868,  the  military  district  of  Alaska  was  constituted  and 
attached  to  the  Department  of  California.  No  territorial  government  had 
been  established,  January,  1869. 

The  boundaries  are  as  follows  :  Commencing  at  54°  40'  north  latitude,  ascending  Portland 
channel  to  the  mountains,  following  their  summits  to  the  141°  west  longitude;  thence  north,  on 
this  line,  to  the  Arctic  ocean,  forming  the  eastern  boundary.  Starting  from  the  Arctic  ocean 
west,  the  line  descends  Behring's  strait,  between  the  two  islands  of  Krusenstern  and  Ratmanofl', 
to  the  parallel  of  65°  307,  and  proceeds  due  north  without  limitation,  into  the  same  Arctic  ocean. 
Beginning  again  at  the  same  initial  point,  on  the  parallel  of  65°  30',  thence  in  a  course  south 
west  through  Behring's  strait,  between  the  island  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Cape  Choukotski  to  the 
172°  west  longitude ;  and  thence  southwesterly,  through  Behring's  sea,  between  the  islands  of 
Attou  and  Copper,  to  the  meridian  of  193°  west  longitude;  leaving  the  prolonged  group  of  the 
Aleutian  islands  in  the  possessions  now  transferred  to  the  United  States,  and  making  the  west 
ern  boundary  of  our  country  the  dividing  line  between  Asia  and  America. 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

The  northern  part  of  the  main  land  is  compact  and  nearly  level,  about  600 
miles  in  length  and  breadth.  From  this,  a  narrow  belt  extends  along  the 

*  Including  65,000  Indians.  (From  report  of  Mr.  Banks  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
May,  1868). 


1869.]  ALASKA  TERRITORY.  433 

coast  to  latitude  54°  40'.  This  is  broken  and  mountainous,  with  a  few  fertile 
valleys.  The  climate  is  variable,  but  milder  than  in  the  same  latitude  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  owing  to  the  warm  currents  from  the  shores  of  Asia.  The 
interior  has  been  but  little  explored. 

There  are  several  large  rivers,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Yukon,  the 
great  river  of  the  north,  which  flows  into  Behring  sea,  south  of  Norton's 
sound.  The  lower  part  of  the  river  is  called  by  the  Russians,  Kwichpak. 
Its  mouths  correspond  in  some  degree  to  the  delta  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
embrace  nearly  two  degrees  of  latitude.  It  is  open  by  the  middle  of  May 
and  closes  about  the  middle  of  October.  It  is  2,000  miles  in  length  and 
navigable  from  1,000  to  1,500  miles. 

The  mountains  of  Alaska  are  among  the  most  elevated  in  North  America. 
Mt.  St.  Elias  is  over  40  miles  inland,  and  is  seen  more  than  100  miles  from 
the  coast.  Its  height  is  probably  between  15,000  and  18,000  feet.  Mt.  Fair- 
weather,  100  miles  to  the  southeast  of  Mt.  St.  Elias,  nearly  equals  it  in  height. 
There  are  several  active  volcanoes,  the  highest  of  which  have  an  altitude 
of  about  10,000  feet. 

The  coast  line  of  the  territory  is  4,000  miles,  and  including  bays  and  is 
lands,  more  than  11,000  miles  in  extent.  The  peninsula  of  Alaska  is  300 
miles  long,  and  averages  50  miles  in  width.  .The  Aleutian  islands  are  the 
summits  of  the  mountain  range  which  extends  northward  on  the  American 
coast  around  the  head  of  Prince  William  sound  and  Cook's  inlet,  and  down 
the  peninsula  of  Alaska.  They  form  a  regular  curve  from  the  termination 
of  the  peninsula,  southward,  westward  and  northward,  to  Behring's  island, 
a  distance  of  1,075  miles. 

This  is  the  most  remarkable  range  of  volcanic  islands  on  the  Western 
Continent.  The  six  largest,  all  of  which  are  inhabited,  are  as  follows: 
Ounimak,  Ounalaska,  Oumnak,  Atkha,  Amchitka,  and  Attou,  having  an  area 
of  from  850  to  1,500  square  miles.  The  inhabitants  generally  live  on  the 
north  side  of  these  islands,  for  the  southern  side  is  exceedingly  abrupt  and 
has  no  harbors. 

Ounalaska  has  a  population  of  700  and  the  others  average  about  350, 
except  Attou,  which  has  a  population  of  120.  Further  north,  in  Behring's 
sea,  are  the  large  islands  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Noumbak,  each  containing 
more  than  2,000  square  miles.  In  the  center  of  Behring's  sea  are  the  small 
islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  the  summer  resort  of  the  fur  seal.  Fur 
ther  north  is  St.  Matthew,  on  which  the  Russians  have  in  vain  attempted  to 
establish  a  trading  post. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  entire  population  of  this  country  is  estimated  at  75,000.  There  are 
9,000  Russians,  Creoles,  Kodiaks,  and  Aleoots,  and  about  65,000  Indians  of 
different  tribes.  Where  the  natives  have  means  of  living,  they  are  peace 
ful,  capable,  leam  quickly,  and  exhibit  skill  in  commerce  and  mechanics. 
They  are  proverbial  for  their  skill  in  fashioning  a  multitude  of  household 
utensils  and  war  implements.  The  population  of  Sitka  numbers  about  500 


484  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Russians,  Cossacks  and  Creoles,  and  there  are  about  1,000  Indians  in  its  vicin 
ity.  It  has  but  one  street,  with  straggling  log-houses.  The  principal  build 
ings  are  the  Governor's  residence,  a  Greek  church,  a  Lutheran  chapel,  the 
buildings  of  the  Russian- American  Company,  a  club  house,  and  a  block  house 
with  a  small  battery. 

Along  many  of  the  streams  there  is  an  abundance  of  timber,  mostly  of  pine, 
spruce,  cedar  and  hemlock.  The  districts  bordering  upon  the  coast  are 
capable  of  yielding  in  moderate  quantities,  the  cereal  grains  and  the  more 
valuable  vegetables  of  the  temperate  zone.  Iron  and  coal  are  found  in  con 
siderable  abundance,  and  can  be  obtained  at  no  very  great  expense.  Gold, 
silver  and  copper  have  been  discovered.  The  principal  value  of  the  territory 
for  the  present,  depends  upon  its  lumber,  fisheries,  and  its  fur  productions.  The 
supply  of  furs  is  on  the  decrease,  owing  to  the  active  traffic  which  had  been 
carried  on  in  that  commodity,  but  the  fisheries  are  inexhaustible.  Salmon 
abound  in  the  rivers,  and  cod  and  halibut  on  the  coasts.  Whales  and  walrus 
are  plentiful  in  seas  to  the  south  of  Behring's  strait.  The  most  numerous, 
though  not  the  most  valuable  of  fur-bearing  animals  is  the  fur  seal.  80,000 
skins  are  obtained  annually,  which  bring  from  $2.00  to  $3.00  apiece  in  Lon 
don.  The  most  valuable  of  the  fur-bearing  animals  is  the  sea  otter.  Its  skins 
sell  for  $50  to  $100  each,  and  sometimes  for  more.  The  fox  abounds  on  the 
Aleutian  Islands,  living  on  sea-birds  and  fish,  and  having  his  safe  retreat 
among  the  volcanic  cliffs  and  fissures.  From  five  to  six  thousand  are  caught 
annually.  The  walrus  is  the  favorite  of  the  Esquimaux,  furnishing  in  its  oily 
flesh  the  carbon  and  oxygen  to  keep  him  warm.  Of  other  fur  animals,  the 
marten  and  mink  are  the  most  valuable. 


39.    ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Tucson.    Area,  113,910  square  miles.    Population,  (1866),  20,000.* 
This  territory  embraces  a  portion  of  the  country  acquired  from  Mexico  in 
1854.     The  southern  part,  known  as  the  "  Gadsden  purchase,"  was  the  earliest 
occupied  by  Americans,  and  is  still  the  best  known.      The  territory  was 
organized  February  24,  1863,  from  the  western  part  of  New  Mexico. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor R.  C.  McCoRMicKt Tucson $2,500 

Secretary  of  State J.  P.  T.  CARTER Tucson 2,000 

Treasurer  and  Receiver  General J.  B.  ALLEN Tucson 650 

Auditor C.  H.  LORD Tucson 650 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  territory  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court  and 
Probate  Courts.  The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  two 
Associate  Judges,  who  are  appointed  by  the  President.  It  holds  one  session 
annually  at  Tucson,  commencing  the  4th  Monday  in  October. 

*  Exclusive  of  Indians.  t  Elected  as  delegate  to  Congress. 


1869.]  ARIZONA  TERRITORY.  435 

UNITED  STATES  COURT. 

District  Judge,  Wm.  F.  Turner.    District  Attorney,  John  A.  Rush.  Marshal,  Edward  J.  Phelps. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Cliief  Justice,  Wm.  F.  Turner,  Prescott.  Associate  Justices,  Henry  T.  Bachus,  Tucson ;  H. 
D.  Castler,  La  Paz.  Salaries,  $2,500  each. 

FINANCES. 

The  total  territorial  indebtedness,  October  8, 1866,  amounted  to  $21,051.41, 
and  there  was  a  balance  of  $249.50  in  the  treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  general 
fund.  Of  this  indebtedness,  $15,590  were  payable  in  gold,  being  the  amount 
of  bonds  (and  interest  on  the  same  to  January  4,  1867),  issued  under  the  act 
of  the  first  assembly,  approved  Nov.  9,  1864,  and  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  the  contingent  expenses  of  the  territorial  government." 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  Colorado  valley  was  a  seat  of  Spanish  civilization  and  missionary 
enterprise  more  than  a  centuiy  ago.  Early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  flour 
ishing  settlements  existed  in  the  valley  of  the  Gila,  the  Rio  Verde,  and  the 
Salinas.  The  relics  of  these  are  still  seen  in  the  ruins  of  cities,  cathedrals 
and  farms,  scattered  up  and  down  the  Colorado  and  its, branches.  The  re 
mains  of  irrigating  canals  show  the  extensive  and  elaborate  scale  on  which 
Spanish  agriculture  was  then  prosecuted.  The  Santa  Cruz  region  was 
occupied  by  Jesuit  missionaries  as  early  as  the  year  1600,  the  ruins  of  whose 
establishments  are  still  seen.  The  depredations  of  the  Apaches  have  restricted 
the  settlement  of  large  portions  of  this  territory  and  New  Mexico.  On  ac 
count  of  their  hostilities,  it  is  found  safe  to  occupy  the  country  only  in  colo 
nies  for  mutual  protection.  The  settlements  in  the  southern  part  and  along 
the  Colorado  are  numerous.  This  forms  part  of  the  basin  of  theColorado. 
Its  surface  consists  of  elevated  table-lands,  broken  by  mountain  ranges  and 
interspersed  with  fertile  valleys  and  sandy  wastes.  Its  northern  and  north 
eastern  portions  are  comparatively  unexplored  and  mostly  in  the  occupancy 
of  the  Indians.  South  of  the  Gila  and  west  of  the  112th  meridian  the  coun 
try  is  sandy,  supposed  not  generally  fertile,  except  along  the  river.  In  other 
portions  there  are  many  beautiful  valleys,  containing  millions  of  acres  of  ex 
traordinary  fertility,  producing  wheat,  barley,  oats,  tobacco,  fruits,  and  veg 
etables.  In  the  south,  cotton  and  sugar  crops  are  remunerative,  and  on  the 
hills  and  mountain  sides,  a  rich  and  abundant  pasturage  is  found. 

Recent  explorations  have  proved  that  the  Colorado  River  is  navigable  for 
nearly  seven  hundred  miles,  thus  affording  direct  communication  with  the 
ocean  to  portions  of  Arizona,  Utah,  New  Mexico  and  Nevada.  By  the  opening 
of  this  river,  Government  has  already  saved  thousands  of  dollars  in  the  trans 
portation  of  military  stores,  and  a  fresh  impetus  has  been  given  to  the  devel 
opment  of  the  resources  of  Arizona. 

In  southern  Arizona  and  upon  the  Colorado,  excepting  at  the  highest  points, 
work  is  usually  suspended  in  the  summer  months.  In  central  Arizona  this  is 
not  necessary,  as  the  sun  is  seldom  oppressive.  The  thermometer  has  been 


486  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1SG9. 

known  to  stand  at  110°  on  the  Colorado,  when  it  rose  to  but  65°  in  and  about 
Prescott.  The  nights  in  the  mountains  throughout  the  territory  are  cool  at 
all  seasons.  Snow  falls  in  Central  Arizona,  but  excepting  in  the  higher  moun 
tains  it  usually  remains  but  a  few  hours.  No  one  of  the  mineral-bearing 
territories  of  the  "  Pacific  "  is  richer  in  mineral  lands  than  Arizona,  though 
the  mines  have  not  been  extensively  worked.  The  surface  ores  of  gold  and 
silver  are  good  ;  and  copper,  lead  and  iron  are  found  in  many  places. 

The  pine  of  Central  Arizona  grows  to  a  medium  size,  and  much  of  it  is 
resinous.  The  oak  and  black  walnut  do  not  obtain  a  great  size.  Pine  lum 
ber  cut  by  a  steam  mill  in  Prescott,  is  furnished  at  $30,  $60,  and  $100  per 
1,000  feet,  according  to  the  quality.  The  mesquite  and  cottonwood  of  south 
ern  Arizona  and  the  Colorado  furnish  good  rafters  for  the  adobe  structures, 
and  the  mesquite  is  famed  as  a  firewood.  Two  lines  of  railroad  are  projected 
through  the  territory. 


40.    COLORADO  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Denver  City.  Area,  104,500  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  34,277. 
Colorado  was  organized  as  a  territory  from  parts  of  Kansas,  Nebraska  and 
Utah,  March  2,  1861.  In  conformity  with  an  enabling  act,  passed  March 
21,  1864,  a  convention  was  held,  and  a  constitution  framed  and  adopted, 
Aug.  12,  1865.  This  constitution  was  submitted  to  the  people,  and  adopted 
by  them,  Sept.  5.  State  officers  were  elected,  November  14,  1865.  A  bill  to 
admit  Colorado  as  a  state  was  introduced  into  the  United  States  Senate,  Jan 
uary  18,  1866,  and  passed  April  25.  It  passed  the  House  the  same  day,  but 
was  returned  to  the  Senate  by  the  President  with  his  objections,  on  May  16. 
In  January,  1867,  another  bill  passed  both  Houses  of  Congress  providing  for 
the  admission  of  Colorado,  upon  the  fundamental  condition  that  within  the 
State  there  should  be  "  no  denial  of  the  elective  franchise  or  any  other  rights 
to  any  person  by  reason  of  race  or  color,  except  to  Indians  not  taxed."  This 
bill  was  returned  by  the  President  with  his  objections  on  January  19.  A 
vote  was  taken  February  28,  but  the  bill  failed  to  receive  the  requisite  vote  in 
the  Senate.  A  bill  was  afterwards  passed,  applying  the  same  principle  to  the 
organic  acts  of  all  the  territories,  in  which  Colorado  was  included.  At  its 
next  session,  the  Legislature  voted  to  accept  the  amendment  of  Congress,  but 
the  majority  in  both  Houses  was  represented  to  be  opposed  to  a  State  organ 
ization. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY, 

Governor A.  CAMERON  HUNT Denver $2,500 

Secretary FRANK  HALL Denver 1 ,800 

Treasurer COLUMBUS  NUCKOLLS Central  City 700 

Audi/or N.  F.  CHEESEMAN Denver 1,000 

Adjutant  General HAL  SAYR Central  City 500 

Supt.  of  Public  Instruction COLUMBUS  NUCKOLLS Central  City 100 

Sec.  Board  of  Agriculture W.  D.  ANTHONY Denver 

The  Territorial  Legislature  in  1862,  passed  an  act  establishing  the  capital 
of  Colorado  at  Golden  City,  but  the  Legislature  continued  to  meet  at  Denver. 


I860.]  COLORADO  TERRITORY.  437 

In  1866,  Gov.  Cummings  transferred  the  executive  department  of  the  govern 
ment  to  Golden  City,  whence,  on  December  10,  he  transmitted  his  annual 
message  to  the  Legislature,  which  assembled  as  usual  at  Denver. 

The  Legislature  consists  of  a  Council  of  .13  members,  and  a  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  of  26  members.  The  general  election  is  on  the  1st  Tuesday  in 
October. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  territory  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court  con 
sists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associates,  appointed  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States  for  the  term  of  four  years.  For  District  Court  purposes, 
the  territory  is  divided  into  three  districts,  in  each  of  which  one  of  the  Jus 
tices  of  the  Supreme  Court  holds  the  sessions.  There  is  also  in  each  district, 
a  Clerk  of  the  Court,  who  appoints  deputies  for  every  county.  The  Supreme 
and  District  Courts  have  chancery  as  well  as  common  law  jurisdiction. 

SUPREME  COURT.    , 

Chief  Justice,  Moses  Hallet,  Denver.  Associate  Justices,  Christian  S.  Eyster,  Denver;  William 
A.  Gorsline,  Central  City.  Salaries,  $4,500  each. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

Supreme  Court.  One  term  of  this  court  is  held  annually  at  Golden  City,  on  the  1st  Tuesday 
in  July. 

District  Courts— First  District,  at  Denver,  1st  Tuesday  in  March  and  2d  Tuesday  in  June ;  at 
Oro  City,  2d  Tuesday  in  September ;  at  Tarryall,  3d  Tuesday  in  May  and  1st  Tuesday  in  August ; 
at  Parkville,  3d  Tuesday  in  August.  Second  District,  at  Boulder,  3d  Tuesday  in  March ;  at 
Idaho,  2d  Tuesday  in  May  and  3d  Tuesday  in  November ;  at  Central  City,  1st  Tuesday  in  April 
and  3d  Tuesday  in  July  and  October;  at  Golden  City,  2d  Tuesday  in  February  and  3d  Tuesday 
in  August.  Third  District,  at  Pueblo,  1st  Tuesday  in  May  and  2d  Tuesday  in  September ;  at 
San  Luis,  1st  Tuesday  in  August. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  in  Treasury,  December  12,  1866,        -  $1,638.04 

Receipts  on  account  of  revenue  and  military  tax  to  Nov.  30,  1867,  23,765.56 

$25,403.60 

EXPENDITURES  FOR  1867. 

Amount  of  warrants  redeemed  from  Dec.  12, 1866  to  Nov.  20, 1867,  $23,728.12 
Miscellaneous,  1,220.49 

Balance  in  Treasury,        -  454.99 

$25,403.60 
SOURCES  OF  REVENUE  AND  DISBURSEMENTS. 

The  receipts  were  from  the  several  counties,  and  were  principally  from  assessments  and  mili 
tary  tax.  The  disbursements  were  as  follows : 

Legislative  Fund $12,238.47 

General  Contingent  Fund 1,830.47 

Colorado  Agricultural  Society 500.00 

Territorial  Officers 2,551.09 

Military  Debt 4,388.10 

Adjutant,  General's  special  fund 1,396.60 

Miscellaneous 2,043.88 

Total...  ...$24,948.61 


488  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

Total  amount  of  warrants  issued  in  1867 $29,441.03 

Redeemed 13,595.63 

Balance  from  previous  year 30.51 

Balance  outstanding $15,875.91 

Amount  of  certificates  of  indebtedness  due  April  29, 1870,  issued  to  1st 
Regiment  mounted  militia $42,169.50 

EDUCATION. 

The  territorial  Treasurer  is  also  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and 
he  has  the  general  supervision  of  public  schools.  The  law  provides  for 
the  appointment  of  county  superintendents  who  have  charge  of  the  distri 
bution  of  school-money,  and  exercise  supervision .  over  the  schools  in  their 
respective  counties.  The  territorial  Superintendent,  last  year,  caused  blanks 
to  be  printed  and  sent  to  the  county  superintendents  to  aid  them  in  reporting 
the  facts  required  by  law ;  few  reports  were  received,  and  no  summary  of 
school  statistics  has  been  given.  The  Treasurer  is  also  Librarian,  and  reports 
an  addition  of  144  volumes  to  the  territorial  library  in  1867. 

WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

This  territory  is  traversed  by  ranges  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  which  enclose 
extensive  table  lands  called  parks,  some  of  which  are  very  productive.  About 
4,000,000  acres  of  agricultural  land  are  capable  of  irrigation  and  will  make 
productive  farms.  More  than  200  miles  of  irrigating  ditches  have  already  been 
constructed.  During  the  fiscal  year  1867,  1,310,115  acres  of  land  were  sur 
veyed,  which,  added  to  the  lines  previously  extended,  make  a  surveyed  surface 
of  2,844,857  acres.  The  amount  of  agricultural  land  still  unsurveyed  in 
this  territory  was  estimated  by  the  Surveyor  General  in  1867,  at  7,000,000 
acres. 

Large  tracts  of  land  not  suited  to  cultivation,  are  adapted  to  grazing,  and 
in  the  southern  portion  of  the  territory,  herds  and  flocks  can  thrive  and  fat 
ten  on  the  pasture  lands  the  year  round.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  raised  with 
profit,  and  the  number  of  both  is  rapidly  increasing.  The  deposits  of  gold 
and  silver  seem  inexhaustible,  and  as  soon  as  a  method  of  separating  the 
metals  in  a  less  expensive  manner  is  adopted,  it  is  believed  that  the  annual 
product  will  be  largely  increased.  The  total  gold  and  silver  produced  up  to 
1867,  was  estimated  at  $25,000,000.  The  mines  have  been  worked  with  in 
creased  success  the  past  year,  and  the  product  is  estimated  at  $4,000,000. 
Gulch  or  placer  mining  is  not  prosecuted  in  Colorado  to  the  same  extent  as 
in  California",  the  ores  being  found  principally  in  rock  not  disintegrated. 
More  expensive  machinery  for  crushing  the  rock,  and  improved  processes  for 
separating  the  mineral  from  the  sulphurets  of  iron  and  copper,  with  which 
it  is  often  combined,  may  be  necessary,  but  the  richness  of  the  lodes  and  the 
extent  of  the  mineral  districts  seem  established.  The  discovery  in  1867,  of 
rich  silver  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Georgetown,  in  Clear  Creek  county,  led  to 
the  erection  of  several  mills  and  reduction  works,  some  of  which  are  already 
completed  and  in  operation.  These  silver  mines  already  give  evidence  of 
rich  returns  for  the  labor  bestowed  upon  them. 


1869.]  DAKOTA  TERRITORY.  439 

Coal  exists  in  large  quantities,  and  has  been  traced  along  the  base  of  the 
mountains,  and  the  indications  are  that  an  extensive  deposit  exists  eastward 
from  their  base.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  abundance.  Near  the  coal  a  smelting 
furnace  is  already  in  successful  operation  on  the  South  Boulder.  Lead  is 
found  in  some  parts  of  the  territory,  and  rich  copper  veins  have  been  opened 
the  last  two  years.  It  is  difficult  to  give  reliable  statistics  of  the  mining 
operations,  but  the  following  facts  relating  to  the  business  of  Denver  for  1867, 
are  compiled  from  the  report  of  a  committee  appointed  by  the  Board  of 
Trade,  and  are  mainly  derived  from  the  official  returns  in  the  Assessor's 
Office. 

Gross  sales  of  merchandise $5,946,000.00 

Cash  paid  for  freight 2,171,000.00 

Pounds  of  freight  received 17,122,000 

Pounds  of  corn  and  wheat 12,6:38,000 

Sacks  of  flour  sold 70,386 

Cash  value  of  lumber  sold $   850,000.00 

250  buildings  erected,  valued  at 722,650.00 

Cash  value  of  goods  manufactured  in  Denver 887,000.00 

Cash  receipts  for  passengers  by  stage  lines 591,801.00 

Cash  receipts  for  express  matter  168,976.00 

*  Gold  shipped  by  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co 1,560,000.00 

t  Gold  bought  by  Banks 604,000.00 

Gold  and  silver  received  by  U.  S.  branch  Mint 289,158.70 

Average  cash  deposits  in  Banks 741,000.00 

Average  loans  and  discounts  by  Banks 398,000.00 

Eastern  exchange  sold  by  Banks 8,301,000.00 

Amount  of  cash  paid  over  Bank  counters 77,870,000.00 

The  public  lands  undisposed  of  are  over  62,850.000  acres.     During  the  year  1867,  there  were 
entered  at  the  Land  Office  at  Denver,  under  Bounty  Land  warrants,  36,334  acres ;  Homestead 
act,  11,059  acres ;  filings  made  and  settled  upon,  103,000acres ;  and  Cash  Series  act,  10,022  acres. 
Products.    The  agricultural  products  of  1866  were  estimated  at  500,000  bushels  of  wheat, 
600,000  bushels  of  com  and  530,000  bushels  of  barley  and  oats. 
Banks.    There  are  three  National  Banks,  with  a  capital  of  $350,000. 


41.    DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Yankton.    Area,  152,000  square  miles.     Population,  (1860),  4,&37.$ 
Dakota  was  organized  by  an  act  of  Congress  passed  March  2,  1861.      It  is 
a  large  territory  lying  west  of  Minnesota.      The  western  portion  of  the  terri 
tory  was  set  off  in  1868,  to  constitute  the  new  territory  of  Wyoming. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor ANDREW  J.  FAULK Yankton $1,500 

Secretary.. .., S.  L.  SPINK  § Yankton 1,800 

Auditor I.  T.  GORE Brule  Creek  P.  O. 

Treasurer M.  K.  ARMSTRONG Yankton 75 

Sttpt.  of  Public  Instruction JAS.  S.  FOSTER Yankton 3.00  per  day. 

Attorney  General GEO.  H.  HAND....  ...Yankton...  250  andfees. 


*  This  amount  does  not  represent  the  yield  of  gold  for  the  territory,  nor  even  approximate  it, 
as  over  one-half  the  gold  passes  to  the  East  in  the  hands  of  private  parties. 

tThe  principal  yield  of  gold  is  from  the  counties  of  Gilpin,  Clear  Creek,  and  Summit,  and 
nearly  all  the  gold  from  those  counties  is  purchased  at  Central  City. 

\  Whites  and  civilized  Indians.  §  Elected  Delegate  to  Congress. 


490  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Tlie  Governor  and  Secretary  are  appointed  by  the  President.  The  Auditor, 
Treasurer,  and  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  are  chosen  by  the  qual 
ified  electors.  By  the  act  organizing  the  territory,  every  free  white  male 
inhabitant  of  the  United  States,  of  the  nge  of  21  years,  who  was  then  a  resi 
dent  of  the  territory  was  entitled  to  vote  and  eligible  to  office.  But  this  act 
was  modified  by  the  Congressional  act  of  January  24,  1867,  which  prohibits 
the  Legislatures  of  any  of  the  territories  from  denying  the  elective  franchise 
to  any  of  the  citizens  on  account  of  race,  color  or  previous  condition  of 
servitude. 

MILITIA. 

The  threatened  invasion  of  hostile  Indians  and  the  proclamation  of  the 
Governor  in  1867,  led  to  the  organization  of  the  militia  forces  of  the  territory 
with  the  following  officers : 

Governor  and  Commander-in-  Chief A.  J.  FAULK. 

Adjutant  General JAMES  L.  KELLEY. 

Quartermaster  General Brig.  Gen.  D.  M.  MILLS 

Paymaster  General Col.  JOHN  L.  JOLLEY. 

Aid-de-  Camp  to  the  Governor Col.  JOHN  LAWRENCE. 

Eight  companies  were  organized,  numbering  538  men,  and  arms  and  ammunition  were  re 
ceived  from  the  general  government,  and  issued  to  these  companies. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Courts,  and 
Probate  Courts.  The  Supreme  Court  is  composed  of  one  Chief  Justice  and 
two  Associate  Justices. 

SUPREME  COURT  AND  DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Chief  Justice,  Asa  Bartlett,  Yankton.  Associate  Justices,  J.  P.  Kidder,  Vermillion;  John  W. 
Boyle,  Bon  Honime.  Salary,  $2,500  each. 

TERMS  OF  COURTS. 

First  District,  at  Vermillion,  4th  Monday  of  June  and  October,  and  for  the  county  of  Union  in 
said  district,  2d  Tuesday  of  March  and  3d  Tuesday  of  November.  Second  District,  at  Yankton, 
1st  Monday  of  June  and  October.  Third  District,  at  Bon  Honime,  2d  Monday  of  May  and  1st 
Monday  of  September. 

FINANCES. 

Receipts  from  county  Treasurers  for  1867,  -        $386.49 

Disbursements  to  territorial  officers  for  1867. 

Salaries  and  services,  $197.00 

Miscellaneous,  160.75 

Balance  in  Treasury,  28.74 


$386.49 
EDUCATION. 

This  territory  has  taken  steps  to  secure  the  faithful  administration  of  a 
Public  School  System  which  would  be  a  credit  to  any  state,  and  which  re 
flects  great  honor  on  a  community  just  establishing  its  political  and  social 
institutions.  In  1864,  there  were  no  public  schools  and  but  few  private 
schools  in  the  territory.  The  country  was  so  thinly  settled  that  the  organi- 


ISM.]  DAKOTA  TERRITORY  .  49  j 

zation  of  schools  was  difficult,  but  the  prosperity  and  rapid  growth  of  the 
territory  has  made  it  practicable  to  establish  schools  in  many  places,  and  a 
public  school  system  is  now  in  successful  operation.  The  school  law  passed 
by  the  territorial  Assembly  and  approved,  January  3,  1868,  provides  for  the 
appointment  of  a  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  County  Super 
intendents,  District  Directors,  and  Boards  of  school  officers.  The  State  and 
County  superintendents  hold  office  for  two  years,  and  are  elected  at  the  usual 
time  for  electing  territorial  and  county  officers.  The  officers  of  each  district 
are  a  director,  clerk  and  treasurer,  who  are  elected  annually  and  constitute 
the  District  Board. 

In  Union  county  there  were  in  1867, 16  organized  districts,  and  724  persons 
between  the  ages  of  5  and  21,  of  whom  296  were  in  the  public  schools,  and 
5  male  and  5  female  teachers  were  employed.  There  were  at  that  time,  7  or 
ganized  districts  in  Clay  county,  5  in  Yankton  county,  and  one  in  Bon  Homme 
county,  but  none  reported  in  the  other  counties.  The  rapid  increase  in  popu 
lation  and  wealth  will  naturally  be  followed  with  the  organization  of  new 
school  districts  and  the  erection  of  school-houses.  The  United  States 
government  has  expended  considerable  sums  of  money  in  erecting  school- 
houses,  and  supporting  schools  among  the  Indians.  At  most  of  the  agencies 
there  are  valuable  school-buildings.  In  Pembina  county,  $17,500  has  been 
expended  by  Government  in  erecting  a  school-building  for  a  Manual  Labor 
School  for  the  children  of  Ponca  Indians.  A  new  seminary  named  "  Dakota 
Hall,"  has  been  erected  at  Yankton,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church.  This  is  the  first  High  School  in  the  territory.  The  school 
law  requires  the  State  Superintendent  with  the  county  superintendents  to 
hold  each  year  a  territorial  Teachers'  Institute  for  the  instruction  and  training 
of  the  teachers  of  public  schools.  In  accordance  with  this  provision  and  the 
suggestion  of  the  State  Superintendent,  Hon.  James  S.  Foster,  an  institute 
was  held  at  Elk  Point  on  the  llth  of  November,  1867.  It  continued  in  ses 
sion  five  days  and  was  well  attended,  and  its  influence  was  good. 

A  school  fund  is  derived  from  a  per  capita  tax  of  $1.00,  and  a  tax  of  2 
mills  on  a  dollar  of  all  taxable  property.  The  condition  of  public  education 
at  the  beginning  of  1868  may  be  learned  from  the  following  statistics  of 
schools  for  1867 : 

Number  of  organized  districts,  29  ;  number  of  unorganized  districts,  5 ;  number  of  private 
schools,  2 ;  children  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21,  1,550 ;  children  attending  public  schools,  421 ; 
children  attending  private  schools,  160 ;  children  not  attending  school,  970 ;  number  of  teachers 
—males,  10,  females,  13;  number  of  schools  visited  by  territorial  Superintendent,  5;  amount  of 
money  raised  for  school  purposes,  $5,000;  paid  for  teachers'  wages,  $2,388;  amount  of  money 
expended  for  school  purposes,  $2,612 ;  value  of  school  district  property  in  territory,  $5,500 ;  total 
value  of  school  property  in  territory,  including  Indian  schools,  $24,240. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

Dakota  embraces  a  large  scope  of  unoccupied  territory  with  a  few  white 
settlements  in  its  southern  borders,  along  the  Missouri  river.  It  extends  from 
the  boundary  of  Nebraska  northward  to  the  national  frontier,  more  than  400 
miles,  and  is  nearly  as  broad.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri  river,  the 
numerous  affluents  of  which  form  an  extensive  system  of  international  navi- 


492  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

gation  and  drainage.  It  is  well  wooded  in  the  portions  which  have  been 
explored  by  surveying  parties  and  others.  The  population  in  1860  was  4,837, 
including  2,261  civilized  Indians.  There  were  in  1867,  about  30,000  uncivil 
ized  Indians  within  the  limits  of  the  territory.  The  absence  of  any  special 
attractions  in  the  form  of  rich  deposits  of  the  precious  metals  in  the  eastern 
part,  has  caused  the  progress  of  this  territory  in  population  or  agricultural 
development  to  be  less  marked  than  that  of  some  others. 

During  the  last  two  years,  the  population  has  increased  more  rapidly,  and 
was  estimated  at  25,000  in  1867.  The  immigrants  have  been  largely  those 
devoted  to  agriculture  and  mechanical  pursuits,  who,  upon  entering  the  ter 
ritory,  provided  themselves  with  land  sufficient  for  themselves  and  children, 
and  have  commenced  valuable  improvements,  expecting  to  make  this  their 
home.  A  very  serious  obstacle  to  immigration  has  been  the  hostility  of  the 
Sioux  and  other  Indian  tribes  living  within  the  territory,  who,  in  spite  of  the 
efforts  of  the  Government  backed'by  a  large  military  force,  have  maintained 
a  predatory  warfare  along  the  great  routes  of  travel  connecting  the  valley 
of  the  Mississippi  with  the  Pacific  coast.  The  Indian  troubles  in  1867  and 
1868,  were  mostly  in  the  western  part,  now  included  in  Wyoming.  Valuable 
mineral  deposits  of  gold,  silver,  iron  and  copper  have  been  discovered,  and  coal 
has  been  found  in  the  carboniferous  formation.  Up  to  June  30,  1867,  2,663,- 
660  acres  of  public  lands  had  been  surveyed,  of  which,  1,510,760  acres  were 
included  in  the  Dakota  and  Sioux  Indian  lands.  More  than  150,000,000  acres 
remained  unsurveyed  at  that  date ;  a  part  of  this  is  now  in  Wyoming.  Val 
uable  pine  timber  is  found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Black  Hills.  In  the  north 
eastern  part  of  the  territory,  a  valuable  quarry  of  pipe-stone  has  been  opened. 
In  1867,  acts  were  passed  incorporating  the  Dakota  and  Northwestern,  and  the 
Minnesota  and  Missouri  River  Railroad  Companies,  the  corporators  of  which 
have  since  met  and  fully  organized,  according  to  the  provisions  of  the  acts. 
The  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  northern  part  of  this  territory,  and 
another  road  is  in  contemplation  from  Sioux  City,  up  the  valley  of  the  Mis 
souri  to  Yankton,  a  distance  of  65  miles.  The  climate  of  much  of  the  territory 
is  favorable  to  health,  and  the  various  inducements  presented  to  immigrants 
will,  it  is  believed,  attract  many,  and  cause  the  population  to  increase  with 
rapidity. 


42.    IDAHO  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Boise  City.  Area,  90,932  square  miles.  Population,  (1867),  20,000. 
Idaho  was  organized  as  a  territory  by  Congress,  March  3,  1863.  It  was 
formed  from  portions  of  Nebraska,  Oregon,  Utah,  and  Washington  territories, 
but  its  boundaries  were  changed  at  the  following  session  of  Congress  and  a 
portion  of  the  original  territory  was  included  in  Montana.  It  extends  from 
latitude  42°  to  49°,  and  from  the  33d  to  the  40th  meridian  of  longitude  west 
from  Washington,  but  it  is  quite  irregular  in  form,  its  northern  boundary 
being  only  about  50  miles  long,  while  its  southern  boundary  is  more  than 
300  miles  in  length. 


1869.]  IDAHO  TERRITORY.  493 

GOVERNMENT. 

Governor D.  W.  BALLARD Boise  City $2,500 

Secretary S.  R.  HOWLETT Boise  City 2,000 

Treasurer E.  C.  STERLING Boise  City percentage. 

Comptroller DANIEL  CRANE Boise  City 2,000 

Supt.  of  Public  Instruction DANIEL  CRANE Boise  City 1,600 

The  Governor  and  Secretary  are  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  for  a  term  of  four  years.  The  other  officers  are  elected  by  the  legal 
voters.  A  Council  of  10  members  and  a  House  of  Representatives  of  20 
members,  are  also  chosen  by  the  people,  the  former  for  two  years,  and  the 
latter  for  one  year. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  Territory  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice,  and  two  Associate  Justices,  who  are  appointed 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  for  a  term  of  four  years.  One  session 
of  the  Supreme  Court  must  be  held  annually,  at  the  seat  of  the  territorial 
government.  For  District  Court  purposes,  the  territory  is  divided  into  three 
judicial  districts,  in  each  of  which  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  holds  the 
sessions.  The  Supreme  and  District  Courts  respectively  possess  chancery  as 
well  as  common  law  jurisdiction. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  T.  I.  Bowers,  Idaho  City.  Associate  Justices,  Milton  Kelly,  Lewiston ;  R.  T. 
Miller,  Silver  City.  United  States  Attorney,  —  —  Prickett.  United  States  Marshal,  James  H. 
Alvord.  Salaries  of  the  Judges,  $3,500  each. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

1st  District,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Nez  Forces,  Idaho,  and  Shoshone ;  Judge— Milton 
Kelly ;  District.  Attorney,  W.  W.  Thayer.  2eZ  District,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Alturas  and 
Boise ;  Judge,  J.  R.  McBride ;  Clerk,  W.  B.  Smith ;  District  Attorney,  J.  J.  May.  3e?  District, 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Ada,  Ovvyhee,  and  Oueida ;  Judge,  John  Cummins ;  Clerk,  R.  E. 
Halleck;  District  Attorney,  L.  P.  Higbee. 

TERMS  OP  COURTS. 

1st  District,  at  Lewiston,  1st  Monday  of  April  and  2d  Monday  of  October;  at  Florence,  1st 
Monday  of  September.  2d  District,  at  Idaho  City,  2d  Monday  of  February,  1st  Monday  of  July, 
and  4th  Monday  of  October ;  at  Rock  Bar,  1st  Monday  of  June,  and  2d  Monday  of  September. 
M  District,  at  Boise  City,  3d  Monday  of  April,  1st  Monday  of  November ;  at  Silver  City,  1st 
Monday  of  June,  and  1st  Monday  of  October ;  at  Molud  City,  1st  Monday  of  May. 

FINANCES. 


Balance  cash  on  hand,  Dec.  3,  1866,     - 
Receipts  for  1867,     -        ... 

$7,090.74 
56,968.52 

Total 

<b(\A  O^Q  9(\ 

Payments  in  1867,    -        ... 

58,005.76 

Balance  in  funds,  Jan.  1,  1868, $6,053.50 

Amount  received  up  to  Nov.  30,  1868. . .  . .  .$37,579.38 

Paid  General  Fund $18,693.&3 

"    Prison        "     8,319.51 

"    Sinking     "     ..  8,163.33 

"    School        "     288.27     35,454.94 

Cash  balance  in  Treasury,  Nov.  30, 1868 $8,177.94 


494  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [I860. 

Congress  makes  an  annual  appropriation  of  $20,000  to  defray  legislative 
expenses,  and  $1,000  for  incidental  expenses,  but  this  amount  lias  been  found 
insufficient  for  this  purpose. 

TERRITORIAL  INDEBTEDNESS,  DEC.  1,  1868. 

Amount  in  bond,  Jan.  1, 1868 $72,444.59 

Amount  issued  to  Nov.  30,  1868 1,269.28  $73,713.87 

Warrants  subject  to  bond 1,013.50 

Current  indebtedness,  General  Fund 3,098.00 

Prison        "     25,011.04 

December,  1868,  Coupons,  Sinking  Fund 4,424.84 

Premium  on  gold,  additional,  33£ 1,474.94  5,899.78 

$108,736.19 
From  which  deduct  cash  in  Treasury 8,177.94 

$100,558.25 
Estimate  of  returns,  December,  1868,  $18,000. 

EDUCATION. 

A  Public  School  system  was  organized  in  Idaho  soon  after  its  incorpora 
tion  as  a  territory.  The  school  law  provided  for  the  appointment  or  election 
of  a  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  of  a  County  Superintendent 
for  each  county,  and  of  Trustees  of  school  districts.  The  year  after  the 
enactment  of  the  school  law,  the  whole  number  of  persons  between  4  and  21 
years  of  age  reported,  was  1,239,  but  two  counties  had  not  reported;  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  estimated  the  whole  number  of  school 
age  at  1,500.  In  1866,  8  counties  reported  in  the  aggregate  14  schools,  with 
792  children  between  5  and  18  years  of  age,  436  of  whom  were  registered  as 
attending  school.  The  amount  of  money  raised  by  these  counties  that  year 
for  the  support  of  schools,  was  $6,605.19. 

PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  County  Jail  of  Boise  County,  by  act  of  the  third  Legislature,  1866, 
was  made  the  temporary  prison  for  the  territory,  and  it  is  still  so  used  and 
occupied.  The  building  has  thus  far  proved  adequate  for  all  purposes  of 
confinement,  and  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Crutcher,  Prison  Keeper,  has 
been  kept  in  a  cleanly  and  orderly  manner,  and  with  few  escapes.  The  ex 
penses  of  the  Territorial  Prison  during  the  year  of  1867,  were  $14,594.63,  and 
for  the  first  eleven  months  in  1868,  $16,961.63,  making  a  total  of  $31,556.26 
under  the  present  laws  regulating  the  same.  The  law  contemplates  the  em 
ployment  of  the  labor  of  the  prisoners,  but  no  feasible  project  has  yet  been 
devised  by  which  their  labor  could  be  used  so  as  to  pay  even  a  portion  of 
the  expense  of  keeping  them. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  discovery  of  rich  mineral  deposits  in  this  territory  induced  many  ad 
venturers  to  emigrate  hither,  but  for  the  first  two  years  after  its  settlement, 
it  was  considered  a  place  for  speculation,  where,  by  enduring  the  necessary 
toils  and  privations,  rapid  fortunes  might  be  acquired.  Few  persons  ex- 


1869.]  IDAHO  TERRITORY.  495 

pected  then  to  make  it  a  permanent  residence,  and  the  territory  was  first 
peopled  by  those  whose  object  was  the  acquirement  of  a  speedy  fortune,  and 
this  being  done,  to  return  to  the  older  states.  As  a  consequence,  agriculture 
was  neglected,  and  nearly  the  whole  population  were  engaged  in  obtaining 
the  precious  metals  or  in  those  trades  and  pursuits  which  were  indispensable 
to  successful  mining.  As  the  resources  of  the  territory  have  become  better 
understood,  agricultural  and  mechanical  pursuits  have  been  prosecuted  with 
gratifying  results ;  the  population  has  become  more  permanent,  and  institu 
tions  of  society  are  more  firmly  planted.  In  some  parts  of  the  territory,  the 
hostile  Indians  have  committed  depredations  on  stock,  and  by  robberies  and 
murders  rendered  the  routes  of  travel  and  unprotected  settlements  insecure. 
Active  and  successful  efforts  have  been  made  to  repel  the  incursions,  and  the 
frontier  settlements  are  less  disturbed.  The  population  of  the  territory  is 
now  variously  estimated  at  from  30,000  to  50,000. 

The  office  of  Surveyor  General  of  the  territory  was  created  by  an  act  of 
Congress,  approved  June  9,  1866.  The  initial  point  of  surveys  was  fixed 
upon  the  summit  of  a  rocky  butte,  standing  isolated  in  the  plain,  situated 
between  the  Snake  and  Boise  rivers,  on  the  parallel  43°  36'  of  north  latitude, 
and  distant  nineteen  miles  from  Boise  City,  in  the  direction  of  south  29£°  west. 
Under  the  appropriation  of  $10,000  made  by  act  of  July  2,  1864,  previous  to 
the  30th  of  June,  1867,  288tlineal  miles  of  the  meridian,  138  miles  of  base, 
and  105  miles  of  standard  parallels  were  surveyed. 

The  altitude  of  this  territory,  with  its  mountains  an^  table  lands,  renders 
the  winters  cold  compared  with  the  country  lying  west,  but  dry  and  healthy. 
The  Boise,  Payette,  and  Weiser  valleys  are  sheltered  and  mild.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  is  highly  favorable  to  the  growth  of  cereals,  and  extensive  crops 
are  raised  where  irrigation  is  practicable.  The  extensive  table  lands  are 
covered  with  wild  grasses  and  wild  rye,  and  are  valuable  for  grazing.  The 
mountains  are  clothed  with  pine  and  fir  timber.  The  valleys  are  destitute 
of  timber  except  a  species  of  cottonwood  growing  along  the  banks  of  the 
rivers.  Farmers  are  erecting  substantial  dwellings  and  making  other  im 
provements,  paying  special  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  fruit  trees,  such  as 
apple,  plum,  pear,  cherry,  and  even  peach. 

Gold  is  found  on  the  head  waters  of  all  the  rivers.  Rich  placer  mines 
have  been  profitably  worked  for  years  on  the  Clearwater  and  Salmon  rivers. 
Extensive  placer  and  quartz  mines  are  found  on  the  Boise  river  and  its 
branches.  Many  rich  quartz  lodes  of  gold  and  silver  have  been  partially 
worked;  their  future  development  depending  upon  the  reduced  cost  of 
transportation  and  other  expenses,  which  thus  far  have  retarded  the  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  country.  The  quartz  and  placer  mines  of  Owyhee 
county,  situated  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  territory,  have  proved  to  be 
eminently  rich  so  far  as  developed.  Some  of  the  ledges  are  being  worked 
with  valuable  machinery,  repaying  the  capital  invested,  though  at  an  enor 
mous  outlay.  The  quantity  and  quality  of  the  ore  already  abstracted  are 
favorable  indications  of  their  future  wealth.  Several  thousands  of  gold  and 
silver  quartz  claims  have  been  taken  up  and  recorded,  more  or  less  prospected, 


496  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

but  the  heavy  expenses  under  which  the  miners  have  labored  has,  in  general, 
prevented  their  successful  development.  The  _near  approach  of  the  Pacific 
railroad  to  the  southern  borders  of  the  territory  will  materially  reduce  the 
cost  of  working  the  mines,  when  the  resources  of  the  country  will  be  more 
favorably  brought  into  notice.  The  product  of  the  placer  mines  has  been 
gradually  diminishing,  though  this  falling  off  will  soon  be  more  than  made 
up  by  the  yield  of  the  quartz  mines.  In  1867,  there  were  twenty-four  quartz 
mills  completed  and  running  in  this  territory,  with  eight  others  in  course  of 
erection.  They  carried  a  total  of  nearly  400  stamps,  cost  in  the  aggregate 
$1,000,000,  and  have  a  united  capacity  equal  to  five  hundred  horses.  Of  the 
quartz  mills,  eight,  supplied  with  134  stamps,  are  situate  in  Alturas  county, 
ten  in  Owyhee  district,  and  the  balance  in  the  counties  adjacent ;  the  most 
being  in  the  southern  section  of  the  territory.  In  the  Owyhee  District  there 
are  very  rich  deposits  of  silver  ores.  There  are  also  several  other  rich  silver- 
bearing  claims  in  the  vicinity,  though  the  mines  of  Idaho  consist  mainly  of 
auriferous  quartz,  of  which  there  are  great  quantities  that  will  yield  by  the 
most  cheap  and  expeditious  modes  of  working  from  $20  to  $30  to  the  ton. 
The  abundance  of  these  ores  and  the  ample  supplies  of  wood  and  water  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  principal  mines,  give  indications  that  the  mineral  product 
of  this  territory  will  be  steadily  and  rapidly  increased. 

Gold  and  Silver.    The  entire  deposits  of  gold  from  this  territory,  at  the  mint  of  the 
United  States  and  branches  to  June  30,  1868,  amounted  to  $14,162,970.07;  silver,  236,731.29. 
Bank.    There  is  one  National  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  $100,000. 


43.    INDIAN  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Tahlequah.    Area,  68,991  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  9,761. 

The  Indian  Territory  lies  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  west  of  the  State 
of  Arkansas,  and  north  of  Texas.  It  forms  part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase 
of  1803.  It  embodies  a  tract  of  country  set  apart  by  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  as  a  permanent  home  for  the  aboriginal  tribes  removed  thither 
from  east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  as  well  as  those  native  to  the  territory. 
The  United  States  exercise  no  authority  over  them  excepting  in  certain 
crimes  perpetrated  by  them  against  the  whites.  For  this  purpose  the  Indian 
Territory  is  annexed  to  the  Judicial  Districts  of  the  adjoining  states,  (viz. : 
to  Arkansas  and  Missouri),  that  the  Indians  may  be  tried  and  punished  by 
the  United  States  Circuit  and  District  Courts  when  sitting  in  these  districts. 
They  are  allowed  to  live  under  their  own  laws,  follow  their  own  customs,  and 
indulge  in  their  own  modes  of  life.  The  land  has  been  ceded  to  the  Indians, 
each  tribe  owning  the  portion  allotted  to  it  by  the  United  States. 

During  the  late  war,  many  of  the  Indian  tribes  took  part  with  the  Con 
federate  states  against  the  government.  After  the  termination  of  the  war, 
several  of  the  tribes  sought  to  make  terms  with  the  United  States  government, 
and  expressed  a  desire  to  return  to  their  homes.  A  commission  was  appoint 
ed  to  confer  with  the  Indians,  and  treaties  were  concluded  with  several  of 
the  tribes,  but  peace  and  harmony  have  not  yet  been  entirely  secured. 


1SG9.]  INDIAN  TERRITORY.  497 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

A  vast  barren  tract,  generally  known  as  the  Great  American  Desert,  occu 
pies  the  north-west  portion  of  the  territory.  The  remainder  spreads  out,  for 
the  most  part,  into  undulating  plains  of  great  extent.  Some  parts  of  the 
territory  are  broken  or  mountainous. 

There  are  large  numbers  of  wild  animals,  the  principal  of  which  are  buffa 
loes,  wild  horses,  deer,  and  prairie  dogs. 

A  portion  of  the  Indian  tribes  have  become  partially  civilized,  have  schools, 
ch  arches,  and  a  regular  form  of  government. 


44.    MONTANA    TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Virginia  City.  Area,  143,776  square  miles.  Population,  (1868),  60,000.* 
This  territory  was  settled  by  emigrants  from  other  states,  and  organized 
under  an  act  of  Congress  approved  May  26,  1864.  It  was  formed  principally 
from  the  north-eastern  part  of  Idaho  as  organized  in  1863.  It  embraces  the 
head  sources  of  the  Missouri  river,  lying  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and 
of  the  north  branch  of  the  Columbia,  lying  west  of  these  mountains  and 
north  of  the  Bitter  Root  mountains.  Its  boundaries  are  as  follows : 

Commencing  at  a  point  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the  27th  degree  of  longitude  west  from 
Washington,  with  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude ;  thence  due  west  on  said  45th  degree  to  a 
point  formed  by  its  intersection  with  the  34th  degree  west  from  Washington ;  thence  due  south 
along  said  34th  degree  of  longitude  to  its  intersection  with  the  44th  degree  and  30  minutes  of 
north  latitude ;  thence  due  west  along  said  44th  degree  and  30  minutes  of  north  latitude  to  a 
point  formed  by  its  intersection  with  the  crest  of  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  thence  following  the 
crest  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  northward  till  its  intersection  with  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains ; 
thence  northward  along  the  crest  of  said  Bitter  Root  Mountains  to  its  intersection  with  the  30th 
degree  of  longitude  west  from  Washington ;  thence  along  said  39th  degree  of  longitude  north 
ward  to  the  boundary  line  of  the  British  possessions ;  thence  eastward  along  said  boundary  to 
the  27th  degree  of  longitude  west  from  Washington ;  thence  southward  along  said  27th  degree 
to  the  place  of  beginning. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor GREEN  CLAY  SMITH Virginia  City $2,500 

Secretary JAMES  TUFTS Virginia  City 2,000 

Treasurer W.  J.  BURKLEY Virginia  City $700  and  fees. 

Auditor W.  H.  RODGERS Virginia  City 700 

Attorney  General GEO.  M.  PINNEY Virginia  City 200       " 

SBC.  Board  of  Agriculture W.  E.  CULLEN Helena 700       " 

Supt.  of  Public  Instruction T.  J.  CAMPBELL Virginia  City 700       " 

Adjutant  General MOSES  VEULE Virginia  City 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court  and  Probate  Courts.  The 
Supreme  Court  is  composed  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices. 
There  is  a  Probate  Court  in  each  county  but  one.  This  court  has  civil  juris 
diction  hi  all  cases  where  the  amount  in  controversy  is  less  than  $2,500.  The 
laws  exempt  homesteads  worth  $3,000,  farming  tools  and  seeds  to  farmers, 
and  are  equally  liberal  to  other  occupations. 

*  Estimated. 


498  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  H.  L.  Hosmer,  Virginia  City.  Associate  Justices,  H.  Knowles,  Deer  Lodge ;  Ly- 
man  E.  Munson,  Helena.  Salary,  $3,500  each. 

TERMS  OF  SUPREME  COURT. 

At  Madison,  1st  Monday  in  April,  June,  September,  and  November.  At  Gallatin,  1st  Monday 
of  May  and  October.  At  Beaver  Head,  1st  Monday  of  January,  May,  and  November.  At  Mis- 
soula,  2d  Monday  of  June  and  October.  At  Edgerton,  2d  Monday  of  April,  August,  and  No 
vember. 

FINANCES. 

Balance  on  hand  Nov.  10,  1866,     -  -       $283.87 

Receipts  from  County  Treasurers, 56,236.63 


Total,  $56,620.50 

Payments  for  year  ending  November,  1867,        -        -        -        -        56,346.10 


Balance  in  Treasury,  November,  1867, $274.40 

EXPENDITURES  FOR  1867. 

Payment  on  account  of  salaries  of  Territorial  officers $875.00 

Payment  as  per  appropriation  for  transportation 500.00 

Payment  to  Governor  as  per  apportionment 400.00 

Commissions  on  disbursements 889.73 

Territorial  warrants  paid  and  canceled 53,231 .37 

Miscellaneous 450.00 

PUBLIC  DEBT. 

Outstanding  warrants,  November  10,  1867,      -  $52,538.25 

Amount  of  warrants  issued  from  Nov.  10,  1866,  to  Nov.  1,  1867,       58,248.22 


Total, $110,786.47 

Amount  of  warrants  paid  and  canceled  from  Nov.  10,  1866,  to 

Nov.  2,  1867,    -  53,231.37 

Total  indebtedness  of  the  Territory  of  Montana,  November,  1867,     57,555.10 

EDUCATION. 

The  administration  of  the  Public  School  System  is  in  the  hands  of  a  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction.  This  officer  reports  annually  to  the  Governor, 
by  whom  the  facts  communicated  are  submitted  to  the  territorial  Legislature. 
County  superintendents  have  charge  of  the  schools  and  the  local  administra 
tion  of  the  system. 

The  returns  have  been  very  imperfect  and  exhibit  no  important  fticts  in  re 
gard  to  schools,  except  in  Edgerton  and  Madison  counties.  In  the  former,  at 
the  close  of  the  year  1867,  there  were  1,920  persons  between  4  and  21  years 
of  age;  3  school  districts  had  been  organized,  and  $3,541.02  raised  for  the 
support  of  schools,  of  which  $2,316.69  had  been  paid  out.  In  Madison 
county,  there  were  8  districts.  In  the  1st  District  (Virginia  City),  a  school 
was  organized  with  two  teachers,  and  maintained  six  months,  at  an  expense 
of  $2,168.25.  The  whole  number  of  pupils  attending  was  224,  with  an 
average  attendance  of  124. 


1869.]  MONTANA  TERRITORY.  499 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

Since  the  organization  of  this  territory  in  1864,  immigration  has  been 
steadily  and  rapidly  increasing  its  population.  During  the  year  1867,  more 
than  forty  steamers  arrived  at  Fort  Benton  with  passengers  and  freight,  and 
a  large  number  of  persons  from  the  Eastern  states  and  from  California  and 
Oregon  reached  the  territory  by  overland  routes.  The  population  has  not 
been  definitely  ascertained,  but  it  was  estimated  at  60,000  in  1868.  The  vote 
in  1867,  was  12,000. 

The  office  of  Surveyor  General  in  the  territory  of  Montana  was  created  by 
act  of  Congress,  approved  March  2,  1867,  and  surveys  commenced  as  soon 
after  as  wras  practicable.  The  place  selected  as  the  initial  point  of  the  sur 
veys,  was  the  summit  of  a  limestone  hill,  about  12  miles  south-west  of  the 
junction  of  the  three  forks  of  the  Missouri  river.  The  base  and  meridian 
lines  from  this  point  run  through  the  principal  valleys  east  of  the  mountains. 
The  land  in  the  valleys  is  very  fertile,  yielding  good  crops  when  cultivated. 
166,340  acres  were  under  cultivation  in  1867,  producing  fair  crops  of  wheat 
and  other  grains.  Several  large  flouring  mills  have  been  erected,  and  are 
doing  a  good  business.  The  chief  obstacle  to  successful  agriculture  is  the 
necessity  of  irrigation,  but  the  great  extent  of  rich  grazing  lands  affords  ex 
cellent  facilities  for  stock  raising.  Timber  and  building  materials  are  found 
in  nearly  all  portions  of  the  territory. 

In  mineral  wealth,  recent  discoveries  indicate  that  Montana  will  equal  the 
most  favored  regions.  Silver  lodes  of  astonishing  richness  have  been  dis 
covered,  and  much  capital  has  been  invested  in  building  mills  and  furnaces 
for  their  development. 

The  first  silver  mines  discovered  were  on  Rattle  Snake  Creek,  opposite  the 
town  of  Argenta.  About  the  same  time,  silver  was  found  on  Prickly  Pear 
Creek,  and  in  other  places  in  the  western  part  of  the  territory.  Great  activ 
ity  has  been  manifested  in  developing  the  lodes  and  in  building  mills. 

The  first  placer  mines  were  discovered  in  1862,  on  the  Hell  Gate  River. 
The  product  of  these  mines  and  of  others  discovered  that  year  and  the  next 
was  so  good  that  an  impetus  was  given  to  mining  operations,  which  has  re 
sulted  in  the  rapid  development  of  the  placer  diggings  and  the  extraction  of 
a  large  amount  of  gold  dust.  Most  of  the  placer  mines  are  on  the  head 
waters  of  the  Missouri,  Columbia  and  Yellow  Stone  rivers,  within  the  paral 
lels  of  45°  and  47°  and  between  longitude  33°  and  37°  west  from  Washington. 
The  product  of  these  mines  in  1867  was  estimated  at  $20,000,000.  A  large 
amount  of  money  has  been  expended  in  the  construction  of  ditches  and  pre 
parations  for  future  operations. 

A  gold-bearing  lode  was  first  discovered  at  Bannock,  in  1862;  this  was  fol 
lowed  by  other  discoveries  in  that  vicinity ;  since  that  time  a  large  number 
of  quartz  lodes  have  been  taken  up  and  opened  in  different  parts-  of  the  ter 
ritory  ;  some  of  these  are  very  rich. 

The  quartz  is  easily  worked  and  yields  largely,  and  much  capital  has  been 
invested  in  mining  enterprises.  Several  companies  have  been  organized,  and 
mills  and  machinery  have  been  brought  in  and  put  in  operation. 


500  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Coal  has  been  found  on  the  Big  Hole  river,  about  sixty  miles  from  Bannock 
City;  on  the  east  side  of  the  Madison  river;  and  at  Summit  District,  near 
Virginia  City.  These  mines  are  bituminous,  and  the  seams  do  not  exceed  three 
or  four  feet  in  width,  as  far  as  known.  Coal  also  exists  on  the  head  of  the 
Yellowstone  river.  Brown  coal,  or  lignite,  is  found  in  great  quantities  on 
the  banks  of  the  Missouri  and  Yellowstone  rivers,  valuable  as  common  fuel, 
but  of  no  great  value  for  manufacturing  purposes.  It  is  also  found  on  the 
head  waters  of  the  Seton  and  Marias  rivers,  branches  of  the  Missouri. 

Lead  ores  occur  in  profusion,  both  as  galenas  and  as  carbonate  of  lead,  in 
nearly  all  districts  of  the  territory.  These  will  not  be  worked  at  present,  ex 
cept  when  accompanied  by  silver.  All  the  galenas  are  so  accompanied,  and 
generally  in  paying  quantities  of  the  latter  metal. 

Copper  lodes  are  abundant,  showing  at  the  surface  ores  ranging  from  15  to 
00  per  cent,  of  metallic  copper.  These  when  located  near  the  Missouri  river 
may  be  immediately  made  profitable.  The  distance  of  this  territory  from 
the  older  states  and  commercial  cities  and  the  great  expense  of  freight  are 
serious  obstacles  to  the  full  development  of  its  resources. 

Assessed.  Value  of  Property,  1867.  Number  of  acres  of  land  under  cultivation,  166,- 
340;  value,  $314,578;  822  town  lots,  valued  at  $827,919;  capital  employed  in  merchandise,  $1,- 
102,547;  money  and  credits,  $546,502;  valuation  of  horses,  $171,217  ;  mules  and  asses,  $221,488,- 
oxen,  $549,794;  cows  and  calves,  $255,072 ;  sheep,  $15,430;  swine,  $48,834;  clocks,  watches,  etc., 
$42,959 ;  all  other  property  not  enumerated,  $758,698 ;  making  a  total  of  $6,308,118. 

Bank.    There  is  one  National  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  $200,000. 


45.    NEW    MEXICO. 

Capital,  Santa  Fe.    Area,  121,201  square  miles.    Population,  (1860),  83,009. 
New  Mexico  was  early  settled  by  the  Spaniards.     It  remained  a  Mexican 
province  until  conquered  from  Mexico  and  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  the 
treaty  of  Guadaloupe  Hidalgo,  Feb.  2,  1848.     It  was  constituted  a  territory, 
with  a  portion  of  Upper  California  and  Texas,  Sept.  9,  1850. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.  SALARY. 

Governor ROBERT  B.  MITCHELL Santa  Fe $3,000 

Secretary HERMAN  H.  HEATH 2,000 

Purveyor  of  Public  Funds BENJAMIN  C.  CUTTER 3,000 

Supt.  of  Indian  Affairs L.  E.  WEBB 2,000 

The  above  officers  are  appointed  by  the  President.  The  legislative  power 
of  the  territory  is  vested  in  the  Governor  and  a  Legislative  Assembly  com 
posed  of  a  Council  and  House  of  Representatives.  The  Council  consists  of 
13  members,  chosen  by  the  people  for  two  years,  and  the  House  of  26  mem 
bers,  elected  annually. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  territory  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices,  appointed  by  the 


I860.]  NEW  MEXICO  TERRITORY.  <501 

President  of  the  United  States,  who  hold  their  offices  during  a  period  of  four 
years.  One  term  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  held  annually  at  the  seat  of  the 
Territorial  Government.  For  District  Court  purposes,  the  territory  is  divided 
into  three  Districts,  in  each  of  which  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  holds  the  sessions.  The  Supreme  and  District  Courts  have  Chancery 
as  well  as  common  law  jurisdiction. 

EDUCATION. 

According  to  the  census  report  of  1860,  there  were  in  this  territory,  1  col 
lege,  with  170  students;  17  public  schools,  with  235  pupils,  and  2  academies, 
with  110  pupils.  In  1866,  out  of  a  population  of  93,516,  there  were  57,233 
persons  who  could  not  read  or  write,  and  there  were  no  free  schools  in  the 
whole  territory,  except  those  taught  by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  from  the  bounty 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

The  Spanish  is  the  invariable  dialect  used  or  spoken.  The  proceedings  of 
the  Senate  and  House  are  carried  on  in  this  tongue,  but  are  also  printed  in 
English. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  of  New  Mexico  is  of  a  mixed  character,  but  composed 
mostly  of  domesticated  nomad  Indians,  with  an  intermixture  of  Mexicans, 
Spanish  and  Americans. 

Mj.ich  of  the  territory  is  sterile,  and  irrigation  is  necessary  to  successful 
agriculture,  but  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  other  streams,  there  is 
a  fair  proportion  of  good  soil,  both  for  grazing  and  tillage.  Horses,  mules, 
cattle,  and  sheep  can  graze  all  winter.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and 
some  other  vegetables,  are  successfully  grown.  Fruits  are  produced  in 
abundance.  The  hilly  region  lias  a  luxuriant  growth  of  pine,  oak  and  cedar, 
and,  along  the  streams  and  in  the  bottom  lands,  cotton-wood  and  willow  are 
common.  Gold,  silver  and  copper  mines  are  numerous  and  valuable. 

The  Pinos  Altos  Mining  Company  has  a  quartz-crushing  mill  of  fifteen 
stamps  in  operation  at  the  town  of  Pinos  Altos.  The  quartz  worked  by  it  is 
taken  from  the  Pacific  lode,  and  yields  from  $80  to  $150  of  gold  per  ton. 
The  cost  of  mining  and  delivering  the  ore  at  the  mill  is  estimated  at  $8.50 
per  ton,  and  of  reducing  it,  and  separating  the  gold,  at  $3. 

Numerous  veins  of  silver  ore  have  been  discovered  in  the  Sandia,  Manzano, 
San  Andros,  Mimbres,  and  Organ  mountains.  The  greater  part  of  the  gold- 
bearing  quartz  in  New  Mexico  yields  also  more  or  less  silver,  which  promises 
ultimately  to  be  the  leading  mining  interest  in  this  section  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  Copper  seems  to  be  a  universal  accompaniment  of  the  precious 
metals  in  this  section ;  traces  of  it  are  found  in  most  of  the  veins  of  gold 
and  silver  ore.  Lodes  and  deposits  of  copper  ore  are  reported  to  have  been 
discovered  in  the  Taos,  Jemez,  Sandia,  and  Mimbres  mountains. 

Veins  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  found  in  the  Raton,  Sandia,  and  Jemez 
mountains,  near  the  Puerco  river,  west  of  Albuquerque,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Forts  Craig,  Stantftn,  Selden,  and  Bayard.  Anthracite  coal  of  a  superior 
quality  is  also  found  near  the  Galisteo  creek,  about  twenty  miles  south  from 


502  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR  BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Santa  Fe.  Lead  and  iron  are  very  common  minerals  throughout  the  territory. 
Much  of  the  lead  has  sufficient  per  centage  of  silver  to  pay  for  its  separation ; 
but  as  yet  there  is  little  domestic  demand  for  lead,  and  the  cost  of  transpor 
tation  to  a  foreign  market  would  consume  it ;  there  is,  therefore,  none  mined 
or  smelted. 

Almost  the  entire  amount  of  salt  used  in  New  Mexico  is  obtained  from 
salt  lakes  on  the  plain,  50  to  60  miles  east  of  the  Rio  Grande.  The  salt, 
crystallized  by  the  evaporation  of  the  water  by  the  sun,  is  deposited  upon 
the  bottom  of  the  lake,  forming  a  crust  several  inches  thick,  and  is  shoveled 
thence  directly  into  the  wagons,  and  dried  by  the  sun.  There  are  some  im 
purities  mixed  with  it,  which  give  it  a  dark  appearance,  but  when  leached, 
or  washed,  it  becomes  white  as  snow.  The  supply  seems  inexhaustible. 


46.    UTAH  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Great  Salt  Lake  City.  Area,  88,056  square  miles.  Population,  (1860),  40,273. 
Utah  was  originally  a  part  of  Upper  California.  It  was  ceded  to  the  Uni 
ted  States  by  treaty  with  Mexico  in  1848,  and  erected  into  a  territory,  Sept. 
9,  1850.  It  wras  occupied  mostly  by  wandering  tribes  until  settled  by  the 
Mormons  in  1847.  After  their  expulsion  from  their  settlement  ofNauvoo, 
in  Illinois,  they  emigrated  to  this  territory,  and  having  located  on  the  borders 
of  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  assumed  a  provisional  form  of  government,  and  gave 
to  their  territory  the  name  of  the  State  of  Deseret.  In  1850,  this  form  of 
government  was  surrendered,  and  the  name  of  the  territory  changed  to  Utah. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  APPOINTED  FROM.      SALARY. 

Governs CHARLES  DURKEE Wisconsin $2,500 

Secretary  of  Territory EDWIN  HIGGINS Michigan 1.800 

U.  S.  Attorney CHARLES  HEMPSTEAD California 2,500  and  fees. 

The  Governor  and  Secretary  are  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  for  a  term  of  four  years. . 

The  Legislative  Assembly  is  composed  of  a  Council  and  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  and  convenes  annually  at  Great  Salt  Lake  City,  on  the  2d  Monday 
in  December.  Term  of  session,  forty  days.  The  Council  is  composed  of 
13  members  elected  for  two  years.  The  House  of  Representatives  is  com 
posed  of  26  members,  elected  annually,  on  the  1st  Monday  in  August.  The 
compensation  of  members  and  officers  is  $3.00  per  day  and  mileage — $3.00 
for  every  20  miles  of  travel. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  territory  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  one  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices.  The  territory  is 
divided  for  judicial  purposes  into  three  judicial  districts,  in  each  of  which  a 
regular  term  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  held  every  year. 

In  the  First  District,  at  Monti,  San  Pete  county,  on  the  3d  Monday  in  October.  In  the  Second 
District,  at  St.  George,  Washington  county,  on  the  1st  Monday  in  February.  In  the  Third  Dis 
trict,  at  Groat  Salt  Lake  City,  on  the  2d  Monday  in  March. 


1869.]  UTAH  TERRITORY.  503 

SUPREME  COURT. 

Chief  Justice,  John  Wilson  of  Illinois.  Associate  Justices,  Enos  D.  Hoge  of  Utah  Territory ; 
Thomas  J.  Drake  of  Michigan.  Clerk,  W.  J.  Appleby,  Great  Salt  Lake  City.  Salaries  of  Judges, 
$2,500  each. 

FINANCES. 

We  have  failed  to  receive  the  last  report  of  the  Auditor  or  Treasurer  of 
Utah,  but  we  learn  from  Gov.  Durkee's  message  in  1868,  that  the  territory  is 
entirely  free  from  indebtedness. 

EDUCATION. 

The  University  of  Deseret  is  the  principal  educational  institution  in  the 
territory.  Congress  has  granted  certain  avails  of  town  sites,  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  a  school  fund,  but  no  regular  system  of  public  school  educa 
tion  is  yet  in  operation. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  in  1867  was  nearly  120,000.  It  is  composed  mostly  of  a 
religious  sect  who  style  themselves  Latter  Day  Saints,  and  are  popularly 
known  as  Mormons. 

A  high  and  rugged  spur  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  generally  designated 
the  Wasatch  Range,  though  in  places  known  as  the  Bear  and  Uinta  Moun 
tains,  traverses  the  territory  from  north  to  south.  At  the  base  of  these 
mountains,  on  the  west,  lies  Great  Salt  Lake  and  the  chain  of  valleys  stretch 
ing  southward  for  200  miles.  The  largest  streams  are  the  Green  and  Grand 
rivers,  which  unite  and  form  the  Colorado.  The  general  character  of  the 
territory  is  that  of  mountain  and  desert.  The  arable  land  is  not  equal  in 
extent  to  that  of  the  territories  lying  north  of  it,  but  the  valleys  are  fertile 
and  produce  some  good  timber,  as  do  the  slopes  of  the  mountains.  The 
melting  of  the  snow  in  the  mountains  affords  in  ordinary  seasons,  sufficient 
water  to  irrigate  the  valleys. 

The  summers  are  very  warm  and  dry ;  the  winters  mild  and  open.  The 
soil,  which,  to  a  great  extent,  is  formed  of  the  mountain  washings,  con 
sists  principally  of  a  gravelly  loam,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of 
cereals.  Wheat  is  the  great  staple  product  of  the  territory.  In  good  seasons 
the  average  yield  per  acre  is  about  forty  bushels.  Oats,  barley,  rye,  and  flax 
are  cultivated  with  success ;  all  kinds  of  vegetables  grow  large  and  of  a 
superior  quality.  In  Washington  county,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  terri 
tory,  large  fields  of  cotton  are  cultivated.  Apples,  pears,  peaches,  apricots, 
grapes  and  currants  are  produced  in  great  abundance,  and  of  superior  quality. 
Timber  is  scarce,  and,  being  found  only  in  the  mountains,  is  difficult  to  obtain. 
As  a  consequence,  houses  are  costly  and  rents  are  proportionately  high. 

This  territory  possesses  great  advantages  for  the  raising  of  stock.  Horses, 
cattle  and  sheep  are  usually  healthy.  During  the  summer  months,  they  are 
herded  in  large  droves  on  the  open  plains,  with  but  trifling  expense;  while 
in  winter  they  are  easily  kept,  with  a  little  care  and  attention. 

In  addition  to  flouring  and  other  mills  necessary  for  the  support  of  the 
territory,  woolen  and  cotton  factories  are  being  established  in  different  parts 


504  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [ISM. 

of  the  country  for  home  supplies.  Great  Salt  Lake  City  being  near  the  sur 
rounding  mining  districts  of  Montana,  Idaho  and  Nevada,  a  ready  market  is 
afforded  for  all  the  surplus  products  of  the  soil.  The  most  important  build 
ings  in  this  city  are  the  temple  and  the  tabernacle.  The  temple  block  is 
forty  rods  square,  and  contains  ten  acres.  The  entire  length  of  the  temple 
is  one  hundred  and  eighty-six  and  a  half  feet,  including  towers,  and  the 
width  ninety-nine  feet.  On  the  east  or  front  end,  there  are  three  towers,  and 
corresponding  to  these  arc  three  towers  on  the  west  or  rear  end.  The  north 
and  south  walls  are  eight  feet  thick,  clear  of  pedestal.  The  basement  of  the 
main  building  is  divided  into  many  apartments,  by  walls  all  resting  on  broad 
footings.  There  are  four  towers,  one  at  each  corner  of  the  building,  cylin 
drical  in  shape,  seventeen  feet  in  diameter,  within  which  stairs  ascend,  five 
feet  wide,  with  landings  at  the  various  sections  of  the  building.  The  whole 
house  covers  an  area  of  21,850  square  feet.  The  massive  blocks  of  stone  on 
which  the  foundations  of  the  temple  are  built,  are  granite,  hauled  a  distance 
of  nearly  twenty  miles.  The  Mormon  tabernacle,  built  for  the  use  of  the 
immense  Mormon  congregations  which  meet  every  Sunday  to  hear  preaching, 
stands  on  the  temple  block,  wrest  of  the  temple.  It  is  oval  in  shape,  two 
hundred  and  eighty-two  feet  long  by  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  wide  in  the 
clear.  The  height  from  floor  to  ceiling  is  sixty-five  feet.  Running  length 
wise  of  the  building  are  forty-four  pillars,  averaging  fourteen  feet  in  height 
and  three  feet  thick.  The  entire  tabernacle  consumed  one  and  a  half  million 
feet  of  lumber  in  the  building.  The  institutions  of  the  country  have  been 
principally  under  the  control  of  the  Mormons. 
Bank.  There  is  one  National  Bank,  with  a  capital  of  $150,000. 


47.    WASHING-TON  TERRITORY. 

Capital,  Olympia.  Area,  69,994  square  miles.  Population,  (1863),  12,519. 
This  territory  was  settled  by  emigrants  from  the  Northern  and  Western 
States.  It  was  taken  from  the  northern  part  of  Oregon,  "  being  all  that  por 
tion  of  territory  lying  and  being  south  of  the  49th  degree  of  north  latitude, 
and  north  of  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  Columbia  river  from  its 
mouth  to  where  the  46th  degree  of  north  latitude  crosses  said  river  near  Fort 
Wallah  Wallah,  thence  east  to  Snake  river ;  being  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca  and  British  America,  on  the  east  by  the  territory 
of  Idaho,  on  the  south  by  Oregon,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.'5  It 
was  organized  as  a  territory,  March  2,  1853. 

GOVERNMENT. 

OFFICE.  NAME.  RESIDENCE.          SALARY. 

Governor MARSHALL  F.  MOORE Olympia $3,000 

Secretary  of  State E.  L.  SMITH Olympia 2,000 

Treasurer B.  F.  HARNED Olympia Fees. 

Auditor J.  M.  MURPHY Olympia 500  and  feey. 

U.  S.  Attorney LEANDER  HOLMES Vancouver 250  and  lee-. 

The  Governor  and  Secretary  arc  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer  are  chosen  under  territorial  authority. 


I860.]  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY.  505 

The  Legislative  Assembly  consists  of  the  Council  and  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  and  convenes  annually  on  the  1st  Monday  in  December.  The  Council 
is  composed  of  nine  members,  elected  for  three  years,  and  the  House  of  Rep 
resentatives  is  composed  of  thirty  members,  elected  for  one  year. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  territory  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District 
Courts,  Probate  Courts,  and  in  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court 
consists  of  a  Chief  Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices,  who  hold  their  offices 
during  a  term  of  four  years.  One  term  of  the  Supreme  Court  is  held  annu 
ally  at  the  seat  of  the  territorial  Government,  commencing  on  the  1st  Monday 
in  January.  For  District  Court  purposes,  the  territory  is  divided  into  three 
judicial  districts,  in  each  of  which  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 
holds  the  sessions.  The  Supreme  and  District  Courts  have  chancery  as  well 
as  common  law  jurisdiction.  For  each  of  these  districts,  a  territorial  Prose 
cuting  Attorney  is  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  two  years,  who  receives 
a  salary  out  of  the  territorial  treasury  of  $200  per  annum  and  his  fees. 

UNITED  STATES  DISTRICT  COURT. 

Judge,  C.  C.  Hewitt,  Olympia.    Marshal,  Win.  Huntington,  Cowlitz. 

SUPREME   COURT. 

Cliief  Justice,  C.  C.  Hewitt,  Olympia.  Associate  Justices,  B.  F.  Dennison,  Port  Townsend ; 
J.  W.  Wyche,  Walla  Walla.  Salaries  of  Judges,  $2,500  each ;  of  Marshal,  $250  aiid  fees. 

TERMS  OF  DISTRICT  COURTS. 

First  District,  at  Walla  Walla,  on  the  4th  Monday  in  April  and  2d  Monday  in  October.  Second 
District,  at  Vancouver,  Clarke  county,  on  the  4th  Monday  in  May  and  2d  Monday  in  November. 
Third  District,  at  Olympia,  Thnrston  county,  on  the  1st  Monday  in  February  and  3d  Monday  in 
July. 

District  Courts  for  the  transaction  of  territorial  business  are  held  at  Steilacoom,  Pierce  county, 
on  the  4th  Monday  in  February  and  3d  Monday  in  August ;  Port  Townsend,  Jefferson  county, 
on  the  2d  Monday  in  March  and  1st  Monday  in  September ;  Pinkney  City,  Spokane  county,  on 
the  2cl  Monday  in  June  ;  and  in  the  Third  Judicial  District,  for  hearing  and  disposing  of  Admi 
ralty  and  Maritime  cases,  at  Olympia,  on  the  1st  Monday  of  every  month  except  February,  July, 
and  September ;  at  Port  Townsend,  on  the  2d  Monday  in  March  and  1st  Monday  in  September. 

EDUCATION. 

An  act  incorporating  the  "  University  of  the  territory  of  Washington  " 
was  approved  January  24,  1862.  The  term  of  office  of  the  regents  is  three 
years,  and  three  are  elected  by  the  Legislature  each  year.  The  general  Gov 
ernment  has  (donated  to  the  territory  for  the  endowment  of  the  university, 
46.080  acres  of  unoccupied  land,  which,  it  is  believed,  will  create  a  fund  of 
not  less  than  $75,000.  The  university  buildings  are  located  at  Seattle,  King 
county.  In  1860,  according  to  the  United  States  census,  there  were  46  public 
schools,  with  879  pupils,  $16,176  income,  of  which  $5,957  was  from  taxation, 
6  academies,  with  159  pupils  and  $7,800  income. 

POPULATION,  WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY. 

The  population  in  1864  was  estimated  at  14,000,  and  in  1868,  at  30,000. 
The  Cascade  mountains  divide  the  territory  into  the  eastern  and  western 


506  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

sections  which  differ  from  each  other  in  climate,  soil  and  natural  and  culti 
vated  products.  Although  occupying  higher  latitude  than  Oregon,  the  climate 
of  the  western  section  is  very  similar  to  that  state.  It  is  said  to  resemble 
also  the  climate  of  England,  in  the  amount  of  rain  fall,  as  well  as  in  the  range 
of  the  thermometer  throughout  the  year.  Properly  speaking,  there  are  but 
two  seasons,  the  dry  and  the  rainy.  The  grades  of  temperature  and  the 
accompaniments  which,  in  other  countries  of  the  same  high  latitude,  are 
usually  associated  with  the  four  seasons,  spring,  summer,  autumn  and  winter, 
are  here  in  great  measure  obliterated,  or  at  least  so  dimly  marked  that  the 
seasons  imperceptibly  run  into  each  other,  and  lose  their  distinctive  line  of 
division.  It  is  not  unusual  for  the  three  winter  months  to  be  mild,  without 
snow  or  ice,  the  grass  growing  meanwhile.  The  rainy  season  proper  begins 
late  in  October  or  early  in  November,  and  may  be  said  to  continue  till  the 
ensuing  April.  It  frequently  happens  after  the  first  rains  that  weeks  of 
weather  similar  to  Indian  summer  occur,  and  it  is  seldom  that  one  or  the 
other  of  the  months  of  January,  February  or  March  does  not  prove  continu 
ously  mild  and  clear.  The  summers  of  this  territory  are  unsurpassed  in  the 
world.  While  many  clays  are  exceedingly  warm,  the  nights  are  always  cool 
and  refreshing,  as  if  specially  intended  for  wholesome  sleeping. 

The  western  section  has  an  average  width  between  the  ocean  and  the  Cas 
cade  mountains  of  100  miles,  and  contains  about  11,000,000  acres.  The 
products  of  this  section  are  like  those  of  the  Willamette  valley.  All  the 
cereals,  Indian  corn  exceptcd,  succeed  admirably,  the  wheat  crops  being  equal 
to  those  of  the  very  best  wheat-growing  countries.  In  fruits,  the  apple,  pear, 
cherry,  plum,  strawberry,  raspberry,  gooseberry,  blackberry,  and  currant,  yield 
abundantly.  The  grape  succeeds  with  little  trouble.  The  land  in  the  valleys 
is  generally  excellent,  and  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  of  extraordinary 
fertility.  Much  not  tillable  is  first  rate  for  grazing,  and  all  kinds  of  stock 
thrive  in  either  section  of  the  territory.  In  the  western  part,  but  little  dry 
fodder  is  prepared,  as  the  pasturage  usually  continues  through  the  winter. 

East  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  the  country  is  generally  unoccupied,  the 
settlements  being  confined  to  several  excellent  valleys,  as  the  Walla  Walla, 
Colville,  Yakama,  Columbia,  and  Palouse  valleys.  Walla  Walla  valley  con 
tains  over  a  million  acres  of  arable  land,  producing  in  abundance,  grains, 
fruits  and  vegetables,  with  a  population  of  over  two  thousand,  enjoying  a 
high  degree  of  prosperity  as  a  community,  and  making  rapid  progress  in  ag 
riculture  and  manufactures.  The  Colville,  Yakama,  Columbia  and  Palouse 
valleys  possess  much  excellent  land,  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  products 
similar  to  those  raised  west  of  the  Cascade  range.  In  all  these  valleys  except 
the  Palouse,  considerable  tracts  have  been  surveyed.  The  extent  of  grazing 
tract  in  these  valleys  and  in  the  hill  country  surrounding  each,  is  large. 

The  extensive  forests  of  pines,  firs  and  cedars  covering  the  Coast  and 
Sierra  mountains  in  California,  and  the  Coast  and  Cascade  in  Oregon,  extend 
into  Washington,  covering  a  large  portion  of  the  territory  west  of  the  Cas 
cade  mountains,  the  forest  increasing  in  density  and  in  amount  of  lumber 
growing  upon  an  acre  of  ground  in  its  northern  part.  Fir  trees  two  hundred 


WASHINGTON  TERRITORY.  507 

and  fifty  and  three  hundred  feet  high,  and  six  and  seven  feet  in  diameter,  are 
not  at  all  uncommon.  Masts  for  ships  may  readily  be  obtained,  straight, 
and  without  knots  for  more  than  100  feet.  Some  of  the  mills  on  Puget 
sound  have  capacity  to  turn  out,  daily,  100,000  feet  of  lumber,  and  the  pres 
ent  export  of  the  sound  in  prepared  lumber,  masts  and  spars,  amounts  in 
value  to  over  one  and  a  half  millions  of  dollars  annually.  Exports  are  made 
to  San  Francisco,  the  Sandwich  Islands,  China,  Japan,  the  Mexican  and  South 
American  ports  on  the  Pacific,  and  even  to  the  South  American  ports  on  the 
Atlantic,  and  masts  and  spars  are  sent  to  France.  Timber,  although  scarcer  on 
the  east  side  of  the  mountains  than  on  the  west,  is  nevertheless  sufficient  for 
all  the  purposes  of  domestic  use,  and  in  some  portions  sufficiently  abundant 
for  exportation  in  large  quantities. 

Gold  has  been  found  on  the  Columbia  river  and  in  the  northeastern  part 
of  the  territory,  and  mines  have  been  worked  about  Port  Colville,  though 
not  with  great  profit.  The  appearance  of  veins  and  out-croppings  of  coal 
in  almost  every  section  of  the  territory  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  indi 
cates  its  very  general  distribution  and  inexhaustive  supply.  It  is  found  on 
the  Columbia,  upon  streams  flowing  directly  into  the  Pacific,  and  it  appears 
near  the  straits  of  Fuca.  It  is  found  in  exhaustless  fields  back  of  Seattle,  then 
upon  the  Sto-lu-ana-mah,  and  at  Bellingham  Bay  in  the  extreme  north. 

The  fishing  interest  is  destined  to  hold  a  prominence  in  the  future  com 
merce  of  the  territory.  Salmon  of  the  finest  kind,  cod,  halibut,  and  other 
fish  are  taken  in  its  waters,  and  exist  in  quantities  sufficient  to  meet  the 
demands  of  the  most  extensive  trade.  The  commercial  facilities  are  good. 
The  straits  of  Juan  de  Fuca  and  the  gulf  of  Georgia,  lying  south  and  east 
of  Vancouver  island,  extend  into  the  territory  and  ramify  into  numerous 
straits,  bays,  inlets,  sounds  and  estuaries,  free  from  rocks  and  of  depth  suffi 
cient  for  the  largest  vessels ;  numerous  bends  are  common,  where  the  most 
perfect  protection  may  be  found  against  winds  or  waves.  Puget  sound  has 
an  average  width  of  two  miles,  a  depth  never  less  than  eight  fathoms,  and 
runs  inland  in  a  southern  direction  one  hundred  miles  from  the  straits  of 
Fuca.  Hood's  canal,  twelve  miles  farther  west,  with  an  average  width  of  one 
mile,  and  an  equal  depth  with  Puget  sound,  runs  sixty  miles  in  a  southwest 
direction. 

The  Columbia  courses  through  more  than  seven  hundred  miles,  for  the 
greater  part  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Snake  river,  during  one-half  of  the  year, 
is  navigable  to  Lewiston,  and  the  waters  of  the  sound  furnish  navigation  of 
many  hundred  miles  at  all  seasons.  The  trade  of  the  country,  by  way  of  Co 
lumbia  river,  is  carried  up  by  steamers  regularly  plying  to  White  Bluffs, 
seventy  miles  above  Wallula,  which  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Walla 
Walla  river,  twelve  miles  south  of  the  confluence  of  the  Snake  river  with 
the  Columbia  river.  The  quantity  of  public  lands  to  be  disposed  of  in  this 
territory  is  equal  to  about  41,600,000  acres. 


508  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

48.    WYOMING-    TERRITORY. 

On  the  organization  of  Montana  Territory,  and  the  limitation  of  Idaho  to 
the  districts  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  a  tract  remained  south  of  Mon 
tana,  which,  for  want  of  public  organization,  was  annexed  to  Dakota.  This 
region,  with  small  portions  of  Idaho  and  Utah,  including  in  all  about  88,000 
square  miles,  was  constituted  a  territory  by  an  act  of  Congress,  approved 
July  25,  1868.  The  boundaries  established  by  this  act  are  as  follows:  com 
mencing  at  the  intersection  of  27°  longitude  west  from  Washington  with  45° 
north  latitude,  and  running  thence  west  to  34°  west  longitude,  thence  south 
to  41°  north  latitude,  thence  east  to  27°  west  longitude,  and  thence  north  to 
the  place  of  beginning.  It  has,  on  the  north,  Montana;  on  the  east,  Dakota 
and  Nebraska ;  on  the  south,  Colorado  and  a  small  portion  of  Utah ;  and  on 
the  west,  Idaho  and  the  northern  part  of  Utah,  and  includes  seven  degrees 
of  longitude  and  four  degrees  of  latitude. 

GOVERNMENT. 

The  act  organizing  the  territory,  provides  that  "The  executive  power 
and  authority  shall  be  vested  in  a  governor,  who  shall  hold  his  office  for 
four  years  and  until  his  successor  shall  be  appointed  and  qualified,  unless 
sooner  removed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate.  The  governor  shall  reside  within  said  territory,  shall 
be  commander-in-chief  of  the  militia  thereof,  shall  perform  the  duties  and 
receive  the  emoluments  of  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  and  shall  ap 
prove  all  laws  passed  by  the  legislative  assembly  before  they  shall  take 
effect,  unless  the  same  shall  pass  by  a  two-thirds  vote,  as  provided  in  sec 
tion  six  of  the  act." 

There  is  to  be  a  secretary,  who  will  reside  in  the  territory  and  hold  his 
.office  for  four  years,  unless  sooner  removed  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate. 

The  legislative  power  and  authority  of  said  territory  is  to  be  vested  in 
the  governor  and  legislative  assembly.  The  legislative  assembly  will  consist 
of  a  council  and  house  of  representatives.  The  council  will  consist  of  nine 
members,  which  may  be  increased  to  thirteen,  whose  term  of  service  shall 
continue  two  years.  The  house  of  representatives  will  consist  of  thirteen 
members,  which  may  be  increased  to  twenty-seven,  and  whose  term  of  service 
shall  continue  one  year.  The  governor  is  to  receive  an  annual  salary  of 
$2,000  as  governor,  and  $1,000  as  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  and  the 
secretary  an  annual  salary  of  $1,800.  The  members  of  the  legislative 
assembly  will  be  entitled  to  receive  $4  each,  per  day,  during  their  attendance 
at  the  session  thereof,  and  $3  for  every  20  miles  travel  in  going  to  and  re 
turning  from  the  said  sessions,  estimating  the  distance  by  the  nearest  traveled 
route.  Every  male  citizen  of  the  United  States  above  the  age  of  21  years, 
and  (including  persons  who  shall  have  declared  their  intention  to  become 
citizens  of  the  United  States),  who  was  a  resident  of  the  territory  at  the 
time  of  the  passage  of  the  act,  is  entitled  to  vote  at  all  subsequent  elections, 


1869.]  WYOMING  TERRITORY.  500 

and  is  eligible  to  hold  any  office  in  the  territory.  The  legislative  assembly 
can  not  at  any  time  abridge  the  right  of  suffrage,  or  to  hold  office,  on  ac 
count  of  the  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude,  of  any  resident 
of  the  territory :  Provided,  That  the  right  of  suffrage  and  of  holding  office 
shall  be  exercised  only  by  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  those  who  shall 
have  declared  on  oath  before  a  competent  court  of  record  their  intention  to 
become  such,  and  shall  have  taken  an  oath  to  support  the  Constitution  and 
Government  of  the  United  States. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  District  Courts,  Probate 
Courts,  and  Justices  of  the  Peace.  The  Supreme  Court  consists  of  a  Chief 
Justice  and  two  Associate  Justices,  any  two  of  whom  constitute  a  quorum, 
and  who  hold  a  term  at  the  seat  of  government  of  the  territory  annually. 
They  hold  their  offices  for  four  years,  unless  sooner  removed  by  the  Pres 
ident,  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States.  The  terri; 
tory  is  divided  into  three  judicial  districts,  and  a  district  court  is  held  in 
each  of  said  districts  by  one  of  the  justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  at  such 
time  and  place  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law ;  and  said  judges,  after  their  ap 
pointment,  respectively,  reside  in  the  districts  assigned  them.  The  juris 
diction  of  the  several  courts  herein  provided  for,  both  appellate  and  original, 
and  that  of  the  probate  courts,  and  of  the  justices  of  the  peace,  is  limited 
by  law  ;  the  said  Supreme  and  District  Courts,  respectively,  possess  chancery 
as  well  as  common  law  jurisdiction,  and  authority  for  redress  of  all  wrongs 
committed  against  the  Constitution  or  lawTs  of  the  United  States  or  of  the 
territory  affecting  persons  or  property.  Each  district  court,  or  the  judge 
thereof,  appoints  its  clerk,  who  is  also  the  register  in  chancery,  and  keeps 
his  office  where  the  court  is  held.  Writs  of  error,  bills  of  exception,  and 
appeals  are  allowed  in  all  cases  from  the  final  decisions  of  said  district  courts 
to  the  Supreme  Court,  under  such  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law, 
but  in  no  case  removed  to  the  Supreme  Court  is  trial  by  jury  allowed  in  said 
court.  The  Supreme  Court,  or  the  justices  thereof,  appoints  its  own  clerks, 
and  every  clerk  holds  his  office  at  the  pleasure  of  the  court  for  which  he  has 
been  appointed. 

The  Supreme  and  District  Courts,  and  the  respective  judges  thereof,  may 
grant  writs  of  habeas  corpus  in  all  cases  in  which  the  same  are  grantable  by 
the  judges  of  the  United  States  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  and  the  first 
six  days  of  every  term  of  said  courts,  or  so  much  thereof  as  is  necessary,  are 
appropriated  to  the  trial  of  causes  arising  under  the  constitution  and  laws 
of  the  United  States ;  and  writs  of  error  and  appeals  in  all  such  cases  are 
made  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  said  territory,  the  same  as  in  other  cases. 

There  is  to  be  an  attorney,  who  continues  in  office  for  four  years,  unless 
sooner  removed  by  the  President,  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate.  There  is 
also  a  marshal  appointed  for  the  territory,  who  holds  his  office  for  four  years, 
unless  sooner  removed  by  the  President,  witli  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  and 
who  executes  all  processes  issuing  from  the  courts  when  exercising  their 


510  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

jurisdiction  as  circuit  and  district  courts  of  the  United  States.  Salaries  of 
Supreme  judges,  $2,500  each.  The  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  annually  is 
appropriated  for  the  incidental  expenses  of  the  territory. 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

The  Rocky  Mountains  pass  through  the  western  part  of  this  territory  in  a 
diagonal  direction  from  north-west  to  south-east.  The  Rattle  Snake  and 
Big  Horn  Mountains,  also  in  the  northern  and  western  part,  and  the  Black 
Hills  in  the  eastern  part,  render  much  of  the  surface  broken,  but  there  are 
fertile  valleys  adapted  to  grain  and  grass  which  may  be  made  quite  produc 
tive  when  well  cultivated.  Important  gold  mines  have  been  discovered  in 
the  valley  of  the  Sweetwater,  near  the  Wind  river,  and  in  some  other  locali 
ties.  More  than  a  hundred  lodes  have  been  located.  The  great  mineral  belt 
in  which  the  mines  are  found,  extends  from  Fremont's  Peak  south  to  the 
junction  of  Grand  and  Green  rivers.  There  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  the 
foot-hills  of  the  Wind  River  Mountains  are  equally  auriferous. 

A  population  of  several  hundred  passed  the  winter  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
mines ;  a  newspaper  has  been  started,  and  the  evidences  of  civilization  begin 
to  be  seen.  The  line  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  this  territory ;  when 
completed,  or  within  a  few  months,  this  road  will  aiford  excellent  facilities 
for  the  transportation  of  produce  and  minerals,  and  enable  immigrants  to 
reach  the  territory  more  easily.  It  was  estimated  that  there  were  at  least 
5,000  inhabitants  around  Fort  Laramie  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Pacific 
Railroad  in  1868. 


49.    DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

Area,  55  square  miles.    Population,  (18G7),  12(5,990. 

The  District  of  Columbia  originally  embraced  an  area  ten  miles  square, 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Potomac,  about  160  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
at  the  head  of  tide-water.  It  was  ceded  to  the  General  Government  by  the 
States  of  Maryland  and  Virginia  in  1788-9 ;  was  accepted  in  1790,  and  has 
been  used  since  1800  as  a  seat  of  government  for  the  United  States.  That 
portion  of  the  district  lying  west  of  the  Potomac  was  retroceded  to  Virginia 
by  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  July  9,  1846.  Since  then,  the  district  is 
limited  to  the  county  of  Washington,  east  of  the  Potomac,  within  which  are 
the  cities  of  Washington  and  Georgetown.  Each  of  these  cities  has  a  muni 
cipal  government  of  its  own,  with  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes  for  muni 
cipal  purposes;  but  the  district,  as  a  whole,  is  subject  to  the  exclusive 
legislation  of  Congress. 

JUDICIARY. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  was  established  by  act  of 
Congress,  approved  March  3,  1863,  when  the  former  Circuit  Court,  District 
Court,  and  Criminal  Court  of  the  District  were  abolished.  The  Supreme 
Court  consists  of  four  Justices,  (one  of  whom  is  designated  the  Chief  Jus 
tice),  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  who  hold  their 


1869.]  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  511 

offices  during  good  behavior.  It  has  general  jurisdiction  in  law  and  equity, 
and  the  Judges  possess  and  exercise  the  powers  and  jurisdiction  formerly 
possessed  and  exercised  by  the  Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  dis 
trict.  Any  one  of  the  Judges  may  hold  a  District  Court,  with  the  same 
powers,  etc.,  as  other  District  Courts  of  the  United  States ;  and  any  one  of 
the  Judges  may  hold  a  Criminal  Court  for  the  trial  of  crimes  and  offenses 
committed  within  the  district,  with  the  same  powers,  etc.,  as  the  old  Crim 
inal  Court.  Any  final  judgment,  order,  or  decree  of  the  court  may  be  reex- 
amined,  and  reversed  or  affirmed  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
on  writ  of  error  or  appeal.  The  Supreme  Court  of  the  district  has  appellate 
jurisdiction  of  all  judgments  of  Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  has  power  to  re 
move  said  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  cause.  Three  general  terms  of  the  court 
are  held  annually  at  Washington. 

SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Chief  Justice,  David  K.  Cartter.  Associate  Justices,  Abram  B.  Olin,  George  P.  Fisher,  Andrew 
Wylie.  Clerk,  Return  J.  Meigs.  Marshal,  D.  S.  Gooding.  District  Attmwey,  Edward  C.  Car- 
rington.  Salaries  of  Judges,  $3,000  each. 

WASHINGTON.* 

The  city  of  Washington  (at  first  known  for  a  short  period  as  Federal  City) 
extends  from  north-west  to  south-east,  about  four  and  a  half  miles,  with  a 
breadth  of  about  two  and  a  half  miles,  and  a  circumference  of  fourteen 
miles.  The  streets  running  north  and  south  are  designated  by  numbers, 
commencing  at  North  Capitol  street  and  South  Capitol  street  (which  run 
north  and  south  from  the  Capitol),  and  extending  east  and  west  to  the  boun 
dary  line.  The  streets  running  east  and  west  are  designated  by  letters,  begin 
ning  at  East  Capitol  street,  and  a  line  running  west  to  the  Potomac,  opposite 
the  centre  of  the  Capitol.  These  lettered  streets  read  north  and  south  to  V. 
and  W.  The  avenues  are  named  from  the  older  states.  The  streets  vary  in 
width  from  70  to  100  feet,  with  one  exception  (K.  street  north),  and  the 
avenues  from  120  to  160  feet.  The  total  area  of  avenues  and  open  spaces  is 
3,604  acres,  and  of  public  reservations,  exclusive  of  10,  11,  and  12,  (since 
used  for  other  purposes),  513  acres.  The  whole  area  of  squares  is  131,684,- 
176  feet,  or  about  3,016  acres. 

The  city  was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  Congress,  May  3,  1802,  and  is  at 
present  divided  into  seven  wards.  The  squares  are  numbered  from  north  to 
south,  commencing  on  the  west  and  progressively  extending  towards  the 
east,  the  highest  numbers  in  the  original  survey  being  1,146.  When  selected 
as  the  site  for  a  city,  the  grounds  now  included  within  the  corporation  were 
occupied  as  improved  farms,  and  devoted  to  the  culture  of  corn,  tobacco  and 
wheat.  The  city  of  Georgetown,  separated  from  Washington  by  Rock  Creek, 
was  originally  laid  out  under  an  act  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  of  Maryland, 
dated  May  15,  1771.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1789,  and  forms  but 
one  ward. 

*  We  are  indebted  to  Hon.  Henry  Barnard,  Commissioner  of  Education,  Waterson's  Guide  to 
Washington,  and  the  Congressional  Directory,  for  a  part  of  the  facts  relating  to  Washington. 


512  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

CAPITOL — OTHER  BUILDINGS. 

The  Capitol  fronts  the  east,  and  stands  on  a  plateau  ninety  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  Potomac,  in  latitude  38°  55'  48"  north  and  longitude  77"  I'  48" 
west  from  Greenwich. 

The  south-east  corner-stone  of  the  original  building  was  laid  on  the  18th 
of  September,  1793,  by  President  Washington,  aided  by  the  freemasons  of 
Maryland.  It  wras  constructed  of  sandstone  from  an  island  in  Acquia  creek, 
Virginia,  painted  white,  under  the  direction  of  B.  S.  Hallctt,  and  afterwards 
of  B.  H.  Latrobe,  architects.  The  north  wing  was  finished  in  1800  and  the 
south  wing  in  1811,  a  wooden  passage  way  connecting  them.  On  the  24th 
of  August,  1814,  the  interior  of  both  wings  was  destroyed  by  British  incen 
diaries,  but  they  were  immediately  rebuilt.  In  1818  the  central  portion  of 
the  building  was  commenced  under  the  architectural  superintendence  of 
Charles  Bultinch,  and  the  original  building  was  finally  completed  in  1827P 
Its  cost,  including  the  grading  of  the  grounds,  alterations,  and  repairs,  up 
to  1827,  was  $1,746,718.33. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  extension  to  the  Capitol  was  laid  on  the  4th  of 
July,  1851,  by  President  Fillmore,  Daniel  Webster  officiating  as  orator  of  the 
day.  Thomas  U.  Walter  was  architect,  and  subsequently  Edward  Clark, 
under  whose  direction  the  work  was  completed  in  November,  1867.  The 
material  used  for  the  extensions  is  white  marble  from  the  quarries  at  Lee, 
Massachusetts,  with  white  marble  columns  from  the  quarries  at  Cockeysville, 
Maryland. 

The  dome  of  the  original  central  building  was  constructed  of  wood,  but 
was  removed  in  1856  to  be  replaced  by  the  present  stupendous  structure  of 
cast-iron,  which  was  completed  in  1865.  The  entire  weight  of  iron  used  is 
8,009,200  pounds. 

The  main  building  is  three  hundred  and  fifty-two  feet  four  inches  long  in 
front  and  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  feet  six  inches  deep,  with  a  portico 
one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  wide,  of  twenty-four  columns  on  the  east,  and  a 
projection  of  eighty-three  feet  on  the  west,  embracing  a  recessed  portico  of 
ten  coupled  columns.  The  extensions  are  placed  at  the  north  and  south 
ends  of  the  main  building,  with  connecting  corridors,  forty-four  feet  long  by 
fifty-six  feet  wide,  flanked  by  columns.  Each  extension  is  one  hundred  and 
forty-two  feet  eight  inches  in  front,  by  two  hundred  and  thirty-eight  feet 
ten  inches  deep,  with  porticos  of  twenty-two  columns  each  on  their  eastern 
fronts,  and  with  porticos  of  ten  columns  on  their  ends  and  on  their  western 
fronts.  The  entire  length  of  the  building  is  seven  hundred  and  fifty-one 
feet  four  inches,  and  the  greatest  depth,  including  porticos  and  steps,  is  three 
hundred  and  twenty -four  feet.  The  area  covered  by  the  entire  building  is 
one  hundred  and  fifth-three  thousand  one  hundred  and  twelve  square  feet. 

The  dome  is  crowned  by  a  bronze  statue  of  Freedom,  modeled  by  Craw 
ford,  which  is  nineteen  feet  six  inches  high,  and  which  weighs  14,985  pounds. 
The  height  of  the  dome  above  the  base-line  of  the  east  front  is  two  hundred 
and  eighty  seven  feet  eleven  inches ;  the  height  from  the  top  of  the  balus 
trade  of  the  building  is  two  hundred  and  seventeen  feet  eleven  inches ;  and 


1869.]  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  513 

the  greatest  diameter  at  the  base  of  the  dome  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-five 
feet  five  inches. 

The  rotunda  is  ninety-five  feet  six  inches  in  diameter,  and  its  height,  from 
the  floor  to  the  top  of  the  canopy,  is  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  three 
inches. 

The  Senate  chamber  is  one  hundred  and  twelve  feet  in  length,  by  eighty- 
two  feet  in  width,  and  thirty  feet  in  height.  Its  galleries  will  accommodate 
one  thousand  persons. 

The  Representatives'  Hall  is  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  in  length,  by 
ninety -three  feet  in  width,  and  thirty  feet  in  height. 

The  Supreme  Court  room  was  occupied  by  the  Senate  until  December, 
1860,  the  court  having  previously  occupied  the  room  beneath,  now  used  as  a 
law  library. 

The  other  principal  public  buildings  are, — The  Executive  Mansion ;  the 
Treasury  Building ;  the  War  and  Navy  Departments ;  the  Interior  Depart 
ment,  in  which  is  located  the  Patent  Office,  the  General  Post  Office,  the  Agri 
cultural  Department,  and  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  In  addition  to  the 
above,  there  is  a  Navy  Yard,  a  National  Observatory,  a  National  Printing 
Office,  an  Armory,  an  Arsenal,  a  Penitentiary,  a  Military  Asylum,  the  Colum 
bian  Institution  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind,  and  a  Hospital  for  the  In 
sane,  with  several  Churches,  Hotels,  Libraries,  and  Charitable  establishments. 

The  parks  or  open  grounds  of  the  city  are  spacious,  generally  kept  with 
care,  and  to  some  extent  interspersed  with  fountains  and  statues ;  and  the 
place  is  amply  supplied  with  pure  water,  brought  about  12  miles,  by  an  ex 
tensive  aqueduct,  from  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac. 

The  total  number  of  buildings  in  November,  1867,  was  23,095,  of  which  20,437  were  used  aa 
dwellings  ;  the  other  buildings  may  be  classified  as  follows,— Government  buildings,  including 
the  capitol  and  departments,  7 ;  other  government  buildings  and  establishments,  6;  Scientific 
institutions— Smithsonian  Institution,  Naval  Observatory  and  Medical  Museum,  3 ;  asylums  and 
homes  for  destitute,  8;  hospitals,  11 ;  soldiers'  barracks,  20;  police  stations  and  offices,  0;  city 
buildings— city  hall  and  jail,  2;  banks,  7 ;  halls.  23;  depots,  2.  Places  erected  for  religious 
worship— Baptist,  5;  Baptist,  colored,  3;  Congregational,  1;  German  Lutheran,  1;  Jewish 
Synagogue,  1 ;  Methodist,  5 ;  Methodist,  Episcopal,  3 :  Methodist  Protestant.  2 ;  Methodist  (col 
ored),  2  ,  New  Jerusalem,  1 ;  Presbyterian,  5;  Presbyterian  (colored),  1 ;  Protestant  Episcopal, 
4;  Roman  Catholic,  4;  other  Churches,  19;  total,  57. 

CHARITABLE  AND  PENAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  principal  charitable  and  penal  institutions  under  the  superintendence 
and  direction  of  the  Government  are,  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  the  Colum 
bian  Institution  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind,  and  the  Jail. 

The  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane  was  established  under  authority 
of  an  act  of  Congress,  March  3,  1855 ;  its  objects  as  declared  in  the  act,  are 
"the  most  humane  care  and  enlightened  curative  treatment  of  the  insane  of 
the  army  and  navy,  and  of  the  District  of  Columbia."  All  indigent  insane 
residing  in  the  district  are  entitled  to  its  benefits. 

The  Columbian  Institution  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind  was  established 
by  a  private  corporation,  but  receives  aid  from  the  General  Government. 
The  Collegiate  Department  was  organized  in  18G4;  the  act  of  Congress  of 

«JO 


514  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1SC9. 

March  2,  1867,  made  provision  for  the  free  entrance  into  this  department  of 
poor  deaf  mutes,  from  any  of  the  states  and  territories. 

In  view  of  the  insecure  and  crowded  condition  of  the  jail,  and  its  imfitness 
in  every  respect  as  a  proper  place  of  confinement.  Congress  has  authorized 
the  construction  of  a  building  of  adequate  dimensions.  A  location  has  been 
selected,  and  plans  adopted. 

Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane.  CHARLES  H.  NICHOLS,  M.  D.,  Superintendent. 
Number  of  patients  under  treatment,' June  30, 1867,  was — males,  188;  females,  92;  total,  280: 
number  admitted  during  the  year — males,  119;  females,  33;  total,  152.  an  excess  over  the  last 
year  of  43 ;  number  admitted  from  civil  life,  82,  an  excess  over  last  year  of  33 ;  number  dis 
charged,  76 ;  of  whom  63  were  restored,  8  improved,  5  unimproved :  number  of  deaths,  27 ;  num 
ber  remaining,  June  30, 186S,  344.  Number  treated  since  institution  was  opened,  1,404,  of  whom 
there  were  natives  of  this  country,  1,145.  Expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1868, 
$114,035.81. 

Columbia  Institute  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  EDWARD  M.  GALLAUDET,  President. 
Number  of  pupils  in  institution,  Oct.  28, 1867, 104 ;  number  of  pupils  admitted  durinjr  the  year, 
22. .  Number  of  pupils  in  18G7,  in  the  college — juniors.  4;  sophomores,  5 ;  freshmen.  7;  in  the 
preparatory  class — males,  17 ;  females,  1 ;  total,  18 ;  in  the  primary  department — males,  50 ;  fe 
males,  33 ;  total,  83. 

United  States  Jail.  WM.  H.  HUESTIS,  Warden.  Number  of  commitments  during  1866-7, 
1,241.  Crimes  for  which  committed — murder,  10;  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  52;  assault  and 
battery,  118;  robbery,  29;  burglary,  59;  larceny,  702;  horse  stealing,  33;  security  to  keep  the 
peace,  60;  obtaining  money  and  goods  under  false  pretences,  24 ;  miscellaneous,  154.  Daily 
average  number  of  prisoners  during  the  year,  86 ;  number  sent  to  Albany.  79 :  number  sentenced 
to  jail,  89 ;  number  in  prison,  Nov.  1, 1867, 113 :  of  whom  there  were — men,  white,  33 ;  colored, 
55 ;  females — white,  9 ;  colored,  9 ;  boys — white,  1 ;  colored.  6.  Expenditures  for  year  closing 
Nov  1, 1867,  $30,736.48. 

POPULATION. 

The  population  of  the  District  as  returned  by  the  United  States  Census  at 
diiferent  periods,  was  as  follows : 

White.  Free  Colored.  Slave.  Total.  Inc.  per  cent. 

1800 10,066 783 3,244 14,093 

1810 10,345 1,572 3,554 15,471 70.40 

1820 16,467 2,854 4,520 23,841 37.53 

1830 21,152 4,604 4,505 30.261 20.57 

1840 23,925 6,499 3,120 33,544 9.74 

1850 37,941 10,059 3,687 51,687 18.24 

1860 60,764 11,131 3,185 75,080 45.26 

The  total  population  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  as  ascertained  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Education,  November  11,  1867,  was  126,090;  of  whom  44,- 
803  were  white  males;  43,524  white  females;  17,654  colored  males;  and 
21,009  colored  females.  General  total  by  sex— 62,457  males,  and  64,533  fe 
males,  or  very  nearly  49.2  per  cent,  of  the  former  and  50.8  per  cent,  of  the 
latter.  The  total  number  of  whites  was  88,327,  or  69.55  per  cent.,  and  of 
colored,  38,663,  or  30.45  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  The  population  may  also 
be  classified  as  follows : 

Civil  Condition.  Males— single,  whites,  27,310;  colored,  10,471;  total,  37.781;  females- 
single,  whites,  23,838 ;  colored,  11,610;  total,  35.448 ;  males— married,  whites,  15.442:  colored, 
6,169;  total,  21,611 ;  females— married,  whites,  15,189 ;  colored,  6,500 ;  total,  21.689;  widowers- 
whites,  1,131  colored,  431;  total,  1,562;  widows— whites,  3,853;  colored,  2.319;  total,  6,172. 
Of  those  reported  unknown,  there  are  920  white  males ;  644  white  females ;  583  colored  males ; 
and  580  colored  females.  The  number  of  white  married  pairs  reported  as  living  together  in 
families,  .was  14,147 ;  and  of  colored,  5,509. 


1869.]  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA.  515 

Place  Of  Birth.  Whites— District  of  Columbia,  33,536 ;  Alabama,  39 ;  Arkansas,  7 ;  Cali 
fornia,  58;  Connecticut,  478;  Delaware,  251 ;  Florida,  41 :  Georgia,  97:  Illinois,  192;  Indfana, 
237;  Iowa,  74;  Kansas,  19;  Kentucky,  175;  Louisiana,  124 ;  Maine,  523;  Maryland,  10,154 ;  Mas 
sachusetts,  1,215;  Michigan,  146 ;  Minnesota,  33 :  Mississippi,  52 ;  Missouri,  123;  Nebraska,  18 : 
Nevada,!;  New  Hampshire,  400 ;  New  Jersey,  775;  New  York,  4,184;  North  Carolina,  129; 
Ohio,  731;  Oregon,  3;  Pennsylvania,  4,575 ;  Rhode  Island,  130 ;  South  Carolina,  125;  Tennessee, 
147;  Texas  40;  Vermont,  429:  West  Virginia,  52 :  Wisconsin,  98 :  Territories,  16 ;  total  United 
States,  67,041.  Argentine  Republic,  2 ;  Austrian  Empire,  53 ;  Belgium,  24:  Brazil,  4:  Chili,  2; 
Denmark,  25;  East  Indies  (not  specified),  8;  Europe  (not  specified),  3;  France,  212;  Germany, 
5,522;  Greece,!;  England,  1,787;  Scotland,  402 ;  Wales,  30;  Ireland,  9,147 ;  British  Colonies, 
272;  total  Great  Britain  and  British  Colonies,  11,638.  Holland,  22 ;  Italy,  192 ;  Japan,  2;  Mex 
ico,  39;  Nicaragua,  2;  Portugal,  19 ;  Russian  Empire,  114 ;  Spain  and  dependencies,  39;  South 
America  (not  specified),  4 ;  Sweden  and  Norway,  36 :  Switzerland,  131 :  Turkey,  2:  West  Indies 
(not  specified),  13 ;  total  European,  17,757 ;  total  foreign,  not  European,  358 ;  total  foreign,  18,- 
115.  At  sea,  30.  LTnknown,  3,141. 

Colored— District  of  Columbia,  10,552 ;  Georgia,  105 ;  Maryland,  10,006 ;  North  Carolina,  225 ; 
Pennsylvania,  130 ;  South  Carolina,  129 ;  Virginia,  12,805 ;  other  states,  456;  Africa,  4;  other 
foreign  countries,  86 ;  unknown,  4,325. 

Voters.  Persons  claimed  the  right  of  voting  as  follows :  in  the  District  of  Columbia — 
(whites,)  13,294;  colored,  6,6-18;  in  Alabama,  3;  Arkansas,  1;  California,  20;  Connecticut,  66; 
Delaware,  22;  Florida,  2;  Georgia,  4;  Illinois,  85;  Indiana,  84;  Iowa,  44;  Kansas,  13;  Ken 
tucky,  22;  Louisiana,  10;  Maine,  85;  Maryland,  537;  Massachusetts,  159;  Michigan,  59;  Minne 
sota.  17;  Mississippi,  2;  Missouri,  26;  Nebraska,  5;  Nevada,  1;  New  Hampshire,  64;  New 
Jersey,  113 ;  New  York,  773 ;  North  Carolina,  5  ;  Ohio,  156 ;  Oregon,  4 ;  Pennsylvania,  783 ;  Rhode 
Island,  4 ;  Tennessee,  17 ;  Vermont,  47 ;  Virginia,  215 ;  West  Virginia,  11 ;  Wisconsin,  45 ;  Terri 
tories,  6;  total  United  States,  23,452.  Reported  as  disfranchised,  15. 

Employments.  The  number  of  persons  employed  by  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  was  reported  as  follows:  As  public  officers,  clerks,  and  in  other  literary  and  scientific 
employments,  3,762;  as  artizans  and  skilled  laborers,  1,555  whites  and  56  colored;  in  other  ca 
pacities  specified,  1,485  whites  and  390  colored;  in  civil  employments  not  otherwise  described, 
1,555  whites  and  242  colored ;  as  soldiers  and  military  officers,  1,679  whites  and  13  colored  ;  in 
the  military  service,  indefinite,  2,374  whites  and  70  colored;  as  naval  officers,  30;  in  the  naval 
service,  650  whites  and  51  colored ;  total,  12,690  whites  and  822  colored ;  general  total,  13,512. 
In  the  administration  or  service  of  the  local  governments,  342.  In  the  learned  professions,  the 
numbers  were  reported  as  follows :  Religion,  133;  law,  193;  medicine,  348 :  literature,  70;  art 
and  music,  217;  education,  488 ;  science.  175;  as  students,  255;  under  instruction  (including 
"  students,"1  and  also  numbers  who  have  other  occupations  reported),  16,504.  Entertaining  and 
doiuoT  personal  service  for  man,  2,122  whites  and  3,647  colored.  Engaged  in  trade  and  finance, 
2,052  whites  and  98  colored;  possessing  and  working  land,  440  whites  and  245  colored;  engaged 
about  animals,  75  whites  and  112  colored ;  engaged  in  art  and  mechanical  productions,  employ 
ing  various  matters  in  combination,  4,503  whites  and  577  colored ;  working  and  dealing  in  tex 
tile  fabrics  and  dress,  1,724  whites  and  2,160  colored;  working  and  dealing  in  articles  of  food 
and  drink,  1,402  whites  and  186  colore.d;  working  and  dealing  in  animal  substances,  32  whites 
and  12  colored ;  working  and  dealing  in  vegetable  substances,  140  whites  and  51  colored  ;  work 
ing  and  dealing  in  mineral  substances,  1,492  whites  and  283  colored;  laborers  and  others  not 
included  in  preceding,  2,460  whites  and  3,956  colored. 

Persons  under  Instruction.  The  total  number  of  persons  reported  as  under  instruc 
tion,  including  children  in  public,  private,  and  family  schools,  and  students  in  commercial 
schools,  colleges,  and  theological  institutions,  was  16,505 ;  of  whom  6.555  were  white  males ; 
6,302  white  females ;  1,867  colored  males ;  and  3,647  colored  females.  The  whole  number  over 
15  years  of  age  unable  to  read,  was— whites,  American,  869;  German,  132;  Irish,  697;  other  na 
tionalities,  62;  total,  1,760.  Number  unable  to  write— Americans,  1,009;  German,  151;  Irish, 
916 ;  other  nationalities,  58 ;  total,  2,134.  Number  of  colored  persons  over  15  years  of  age  un 
able  to  read— Natives  of,— District  of  Columbia,  1,578;  Virginia,  6,138;  Maryland,  3,601 ;  other 
states,  321;  total,  11,638.  Number  unable  to  write— Natives  of,— District  of  Columbia,  1,838; 
Virginia,  6,141 ;  Maryland,  4,238;  other  states,  348;  total,  12,565. 

Families.  The  number  of  families  reported  in  the  District  is  23,495  ;  of  which,  7.241  are 
composed  entirely  of  colored  persons.  The  total  number  in  Washington  is  20,073 ;  in  George 
town,  2,054;  and  in  the  remainder  of  the  District,  1,368.  The  average  number  of  persons  in  a 
family  is  5.28  in  Washington,  5.74  in  Georgetown,  6.68  in  the  county,  and  5.40  in  the  entire- 
district. 


516 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER, 

50.    NEW    YORK    CITY 

Area  of  Manhattan  Island,  13,920  acres. 


[1869. 


Population  of  the  City,  (1865),  726,386. 
[The  following  condensed  account  of  the  municipal  organization,  institu 
tions,  corporations  and  wealth  of -New  York  City  may  serve  to  convey  to  a 
stranger  some  idea  of  the  metropolis  of  the  country.] 


GOVERNMENT,  1869. 


Mayor A.  OAKEY  HALL. 

Corporation  Counsel RICHARD  O'GORMAN. 

City  Judge GUNNING  S.  BEDFORD,  JR. 

District  Attorney S.  B.  GARVIN. 

Register MICHAEL  CONNOLLY. 


Comptroller RICHARD  B.  CONNOLLY. 

Street  Commissioner GEORGE  W.  MCLEAN. 

County  Clerk CHARLES  E.  LOEW. 

Sheriff JAMES  O'BRIEN. 

Recorder. ..  ..  .JOHN  K.  HACKETT. 


BOARD  OF  ALDERMEN. 
1st  District  .....................  JOHN  MOORE.       10th  District  ................  THOMAS  CONNOR. 


3d 

4th 
5th 
Gth 
1th 
8th 
9th 


...................  THOMAS  COMAN. 

.................  MICHAEL  NORTON. 

..................  EDWARD  CUDDY. 

....................  EUGENE  WARD. 

....................  HUGH  O'BRIEN. 

...............  WILLIAM  B.  WHITE. 

................  ANTHONY  MILLER. 

...DON  ALONZO  CUSHMAN. 


llth  JOHN  HARDY. 

12th  "  FREDERICK  REPPER. 

13th  "  JAMES  E.  COULTER. 

14th  "  GEORGE  MCGRATH. 

15th  "  Vacant. 

l&th  "  TERENCE  FARLEY. 

llth  "  JOHN  McQuADE. 


BOARD  OP  ASSISTANT  ALDERMEN. 


3d 
4th 
5th 
6th 
1th 
8th 
Wh 
10th 
llth 


1st  District JAMES  HEALY. 

2d  "  PATRICK  LYSAGHT. 

JAMES  A.  MONAGHAN. 

BRYAN  REILLY. 

ISAAC  ROBINSON. 

LAWRENCE  E.  HILL. 

JOHN  HAMPSON. 

EDWARD  WELCH. 

PETER  CULKIN. 

JOSEPH  HOFFMAN,  JR. 

...CHARLES  C.  PINCKNEY. 


12th  District THOMAS  F.  DALY. 

13th  "      PATRICK  GIBNE Y. 

14th  "       JOHN  REILLY. 

15th  "      : AUSTIN  V.  PETTIT. 

16th  "      NICHOLAS  HAUGHTON. 

llth  "      GEORGE  W.  CREGJER. 

16(h  "      BERNARD  O'NEILL. 

IMh  "      DAVID  S.  JACKSON,  JR. 

2Qth  "      JAMES  CUNNINGHAM. 

21st  "  ...  STEPHEN  ROBERTS. 


WILLIAM  M.  TWEED. 
JAMES  HAYES. 
ORISON  BLUNT. 


BOARD  OF  SUPERVISORS. 

ISAAC  J.  OLIVER.  SMITH  ELY,  JR.  ANDREAS  WILLMAN. 

HENRY  SMITH.  JOHN  BRICE.  WALTER  ROCHE. 

JOHN  Fox.  GERSHON  N.  HERRMAN.  ANDREW  BLEAKLEY. 


The  city  is  divided  into  twenty-two  wards,  forming  altogether  seventeen 
Aldermanic  districts,  and  from  each  district,  an  Alderman  is  elected. 

The  Board  of  Assistant  Aldermen  is  composed  of  twenty-one  members, 
one  member  being  elected  from  each  assembly  district.  Each  Board  elects 
its  own  officers. 

The  Board  of  Supervisors  consists  of  twelve  members,  and  has  charge  of 
all  matters  pertaining  to  the  county  of  New  York — the  limits  of  which  are 
identical  with  those  of  the  city. 

The  Commissioners  of  Charities  and  Correction  are  four  in  number,  and 
have  charge  of  the  public  hospitals,  asylums  and  prisons  in  the  city,  and  of 
the  alms-houses,  penitentiary,  etc.,  on  Blackwell's  island  and  other  islands 
in  the  vicinity. 


1869.]  NEW  YORK  CITY.  5^7 

The  Executive  departments  are :  The  Mayor's  office ;  the  Department  of 
Finance,  subdivided  as  follows,  viz.:  The  Comptroller's  office;  Bureau  of 
Taxes ;  of  Arrears ;  of  City  Revenue ;  of  County  Accounts ;  of  Deposit  and 
Disbursement  (under  charge  of  the  City  Chamberlain).  The  Street  Depart 
ment,  subdivided  into  the  following  bureaus,  viz. :  Collection  of  Assessments ; 
Wharves;  Lands  and  Places;  Repairs  and  Supplies;  Roads;  Street  Improve 
ment;  Lamps  and  Gas.  The  Croton  Aqueduct  Department,  subdivided  into 
the  Bureau  of  Water  Rents,  and  the  Bureau  of  Pipes,  Sewers,  and  Pavements. 
The  Law  Department  comprises  the  Corporation  Counsel,  the  Corporation 
Attorney,  and  the  Public  Administrator. 

The  Executive  County  Officers  are :  The  County  Clerk ;  the  Sheriff,  as 
sisted  by  an  under  Sheriff  and  twenty-two  deputies ;  the  Register ;  the  Sur 
rogate  ;  four  Coroners,  assisted  by  four  deputies ;  the  Commissioner  of  Jurors ; 
eight  Commissioners  of  Emigration  (including  the  Mayors  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn,  and  the  President  of  the  Irish  and  German  Emigrant  Societies, 
Commissioners,  ex-officio) ;  the  Tax  Commissioners,  three  in  number,  with 
twelve  deputies ;  the  Bureau  of  Assessments,  three  Assessors ;  and  the  U.  S. 
Loan  Commissioners,  two  in  number. 

The  Commissioners  of  the  Central  Park  are  eight  in  number.  They  have 
the  sole  control  and  direction  of  matters  pertaining  to  the  Park,  and  hold 
their  appointments  during  the  pleasure  of  the  State  Legislature. 

The  Metropolitan  Police  Department  is  in  charge  of  four  Commissioners, 
whose  power  extends  over  the  whole  metropolitan  district  which  includes 
the  counties  of  New  York,  Kings,  Westchester  and  Richmond,  and  the  towns 
of  Newtown,  Flushing  and  Jamaica,  in  the  county  of  Queens.  The  city 
proper  is  divided  into  thirty-two  police  precincts,  each  of  which  is  in  charge 
of  a  captain;  and  the  city  of  Brooklyn  into  ten  precincts;  besides  which 
there  are  eight  special  precincts,  making  fifty  in  all.  The  force  has  one  su 
perintendent,  four  inspectors,  forty-five  captains,  178  sergeants,  93  door-men, 
72  special  police,  and  2,234  patrolmen — in  all,  2,650  men.  Included  in  this 
force  is  a  Sanitary  Squad,  which  acts  under  the  directions  of  the  Board  of 
Health ;  and  a  squad  detailed  to  each  of  the  police  courts.  Fifty  men,  known 
as  the  Central  Park  police,  are  detailed  to  the  Central  Park,  sixteen  to  the 
Atlantic  Dock  (Brooklyn),  and  six  to  Quarantine.  There  is  also  a  Detective 
force,  in  charge  of  a  Chief;  a  house  for  the  detention  of  witnesses,  in  charge 
of  a  sergeant,  and  a  River  police  (known  as  the  34th  precinct),  who  are  em 
ployed  on  a  steamer  which  sails  up  and  down  the  rivers.  A  force  of  eighteen 
surgeons  is  also  attached  to  the  Police  Department.  The  total  number  of 
arrests  made  by  the  force  in  1868,  was  78,451. 

COURTS. 

The  Police  Courts  are  four  in  number,  located  at  the  Tombs,  Essex  Market, 
Jefferson  Market,  and  Fifty-seventh  street,  near  3d  avenue,  at  each  of  which 
there  are  -two  justices  who  alternate  their  labors  weekly.  There  is  also  a 
Court  of  Special  Sessions,  for  the  trial  of  minor  offences,  at  which  two  justices 
sit  jointly,  three  days  per  week,  at  the  Tombs. 


518  THE  AMERICAN  YEAE-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [i860. 

The  Criminal  Courts  of  Record  are  the  Oyer  and  Terminer,  held  by  a  Jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court — the  terms  commencing  on  the  first  Monday  in 
February,  May,  October  and  December;  and  the  General  Sessions,  held 
monthly,  by  the  City  Recorder  and  City  Judge,  alternately.  The  prosecu 
tions  on  behalf  of  the  People  are  conducted  by  the  District  Attorney  who 
has  two  assistants. 

The  Civil  Courts  are  the  Supreme  Court  (State),  of  five  justices ;  Superior 
Court,  six  justices ;  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  three  justices ;  Marine  Court, 
three  justices ;  and  eight  district  courts  for  minor  litigations,  held  by  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  the  city  being  divided  into  eight  districts  for  that  purpose. 
The  United  States  Courts  sitting  here  are  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York,  and  the  District  Court.  There  are  also  six  U.  S.  Com 
missioners  to  hear  preliminary  examinations,  etc. ;  U.  S.  District  Attorney, 
and  a  U.  S.  Marshal. 

Fire  Department.  The  Metropolitan  Fire  Department  is  in  charge  of  fonr  Commissioners. 
Its  officers  are  a  Chief  Engineer,  an  Assistant  Engineer,  and  thirteen  engineers.  The  number 
of  engines  belonging  to  the  department  is  40  (steamers) ;  of  hook  and  ladder  apparatus,  there 
arc  15.  Each  engine  company  has  a  Foreman,  assistant  foreman,  engineer  of  steamer,  stoker, 
driver,  and  seven  firemen ;  and  to  each  hook  and  ladder  company  there  are  a  Foreman,  assistant 
foreman,  driver,  and  nine  firemen,  making  the  total  force  of  the  department  679  men.  An 
alarm  telegraph,  in  charge  of  a  superintendent  and  3  operators,  is  attached  to  this  department. 

Board  Of  Health.  The  Metropolitan  Board  of  Health  is  composed  of  six  Sanitary  Com 
missioners,  the  Police  Commissioners,  and  the  Health  Officer  (in  charge  of  the  Quarantine). 
It  has  under  its  control,  a  Sanitary  Superintendent,  an  assistant,  fourteen  sanitary  inspectors, 
an  engineer,  two  Registrars  ol  Records,  a  Counsel,  and  an  Attorney.  A  squad  of  police,  known 
as  the  Sanitary  company,  consisting  of  a  Captain,  one  sergeant  and  34  patrolmen,  also  acts  un 
der  its  orders,  and  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  inspecting  tenement  houses,  steam  boilers,  abat 
ing  nuisances,  etc. 

The  inspection  of  buildings  throughout  the  city  is  in  charge  of  a  Superintendent,  a  deputy 
and  12  inspectors.  No  building  can  bo  erected  within  the  city  limits  unless  the  plan,  so  far  as 
strength  and  safety  are  concerned,  is  approved  by  this  department. 

The  Croton  aqueduct,  supplies  the  city  with  water.  The  total  length  of  main  pipes  is  313 
miles  and  3,045  feet;  the  number  of  buildings  used  either  as  dwellings  or  for  business  purposes 
within  the  area  of  water  distribution,  is  66,925;  the  number  of  manufactories  is  1,617;  and  of 
churches,  307.  The  aggregated  collections,  of  the  Croton  aqueduct  department  in  1868,  were 
$1,319,544.26. 

EDUCATION,  CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS,  &c. 

The  city  is  divided  into  seven  school  districts,  in  each  of  which  are  elected 
three  Commissioners,  the  term  of  service  of  one  in  each  district  expiring  an 
nually.  These  commissioners  make  up  the  Board  of  Education,  and  legis 
late  for  the  public  educational  interests  of  the  city.  Three  Inspectors  are 
also  elected  in  each  of  the  above  districts,  whose  terms  of  service  expire  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  commissioners.  Six  Trustees  are  elected  in  each 
ward,  who  have  the  immediate  care  and  control  of  the  public  schools  therein. 
There  is  also  a  city  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  with  three  assistants. 

The  ward  schools  are  55  in  number ;  in  addition  to  which  there  are  40  primary ;  seven  colored 
schools,  and  two  colored  primary  schools.  The  number  of  teachers  (male  and  female)  employed 
in  the  white  schools  is  2,118;  in  the  colored  schools,  44.  There  is  one  free  college  also  located 
in  the  city,  besides  the  University  of  the  State  of  New  York.  The  educational  institutions  of 
a  higher  order,  are— 1  University ;  5  Colleges,  and  2  Theological  Seminaries.  The  medical  in- 
Btitutions,  colleges  and  associations  number  16. 


1869.]  NEW  YORK  CITY.  5^9 

Periodicals  and  Libraries.  The  number  of  periodicals  in  the  city  is  116:  of  which  21 
are  newspapers  (17  of  them  daily),  and  95  are  magazines.  There  are  15  public  libraries  in  the 
city. 

Churches.  The  total  number  of  city  churches  is  331.  Of  these,  there  are  Baptist,  30 ;  Con 
gregational,  7;  Reformed  Dutch,  17;  Friends,  3;  Jewish  Synagogues,  28;  Lutheran,  13;  Meth 
odist  Episcopal,  43 :  African  Methodist  Episcopal,  4;  Presbyterian,  56  (divided  as  follows: 
Orthodox,  43:  United  Presbyterian,  7;  Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian,  1 ;  Reformed  Presby 
terian,  5;)  Protestant  Episcopal,  64;  Roman  Catholic,  41 ;  Unitarian,  4;  Universalist,  3 ;  Miscel 
laneous,  18. 

Charitable  Institutions.  The  Public  Hospitals  are  14  in  number,  of  which  two  are  the 
property  of,  and  supported  by  the  city.  Of  asylums,  "homes,"  etc.,  for  the  indigent,  there  are 
37 — 11  of  which  are  orphan  asylums,  3  Catholic,  3  Episcopal,  1  Hebrew,  2  belonging  to  the  city, 
1  an  independent  charity,  and  1  for  colored  children.  There  are  11  dispensaries  in  the  city. 

Post  Office.  The  Post  Office  Department  includes,  besides  the  general  post  office,  14  U.  S. 
Mail  stations  in  various  parts  of  the  city,  and  308  carriers.  There  are  585  lamp-post  boxes,  col 
lections  of  letters  therefrom  being  made  ten  times  a  day.  There  are  nine  deliveries  per  day. 
There  are  about  7.000  boxes  in  the  General  Post  Office  in  Nassau  street. 

Revenue  Officers.  The  U.  S.  Custom  House  has  a  Collector,  one  Deputy,  eight  Assistant 
Collectors,  a  Naval  officer  and  three  Assistants,  a  Surveyor  and  three  Assistants,  and  a  large 
number  of  inspectors,  appraisers,  watchmen,  etc.  There  is  also  in  the  city  an  Assistant  Treas 
urer,  U.  S.  Asi'-ay  Office,  and  a  U.  S.  Lighthouse  Establishment.  The  city  is  divided  into  seven 
Internal  Revenue  districts,  in  each  of  which  there  is  a  Collector  and  an  Assessor.  The  re 
ceipts  for  Internal  Revenue  in  six  of  these  districts  for  the  six  months  ending  December  31, 
1868,  were  as  follows :  4th  District,  $1,518.701.03 :  5th  District.  $340,956.44 :  6th  District,  $804.- 
247.77;  7th  District,  $642.404.53  ;  8th  District,  $2,803,925.87 ;  32d  District,  $4,002,579.02:  total  for 
the  six  districts,  $10,112,814.66. 

Military.  The  U.  S.  Military  Department  of  the  East  has  its  headquarters  at  the  corner  of 
Houston  and  Greene  streets.  The  sub-departments  are  the  Quartermaster's,  the  Medical,  the 
Pay  Department,  the  Subsistence  and  Ordnance  departments.  The  U.  S.  Navy  Department  has 
also  a  disbursing  office  in  the  city.  Four  brigades  of  infantry  and  artillery  and  one  of  cav-alry 
of  the  New  York  State  National  Guard,  are  located  in  the  city,  in  charge  of  a  Major  General  com 
manding.  The  first  brigade  comprises  five  regiments:  the  second,  seven ;  the  third,  six ;  and 
the  fourth,  six ;  in  all  twenty-four  regiments,  with  a  total  force  of  about  20,000  men.  There  are 
two  regular  state  arsenals  and  fourteen  armories,  used  for  drills  and  the  keeping  of  arms  and 
accoutrements. 

Banks.  There  are  in  the  city  58  National  Banks  issuing  circulating  notes.  Their  aggregate 
capital  is  $73,059,700.  Of  State  Banks  there  are  14.  Aggregate  capital,  $10.382.500.  Of  Savings 
Banks,  28.  The  condition  of  the  Banks  October  5,  1868,  and  January  4, 1869.  was  as  follows : 

Liabilities  Oct.  5.  1868.        Liabilities  Jan.  4,  1869.  Comparisons. 

Capital $84.020,200 $84,003,616 Decrease,  $16,584 

Net  Profits 30.a36,059 29.477,170 Decrease,  858,889 

Circulation 34,947,002 ...     35,110,641 Increase,  163,639 

DueBanks 57,250,341 57.567,349 Increase,  317,008 

Due  Depositors 152,439,713 146,913,413 Decrease,  5,526,300 

Unpaid  Dividends 357,183 2,262,642 Increase,  1,905,459 

Total $359,350,498  $355,334,831  Decrease,  $4,015,667 

Besources  Oct.  5,  1888.  Resources  Jan.  4,  1869.  Comparisons. 

Loans  and  Discounts $189,140,262 $187,101,591 Decrease,  $2,038,671 

Stocks 68,452.134 63,683,736 Decrease,  4,768,398 

Real  Estate 7,713,708 7,867,241 Increase,  153,533 

Due  from  Banks 14,881,969 14,989,417 Increase,  107,448 

Cash  items  and  Bank  notes.       3,100,303 3,920,864 Increase,  820,561 

Specie 12,162,304 24,454,661 Increase,  12,292,357 

Legal  Tenders -...     63,674,319 53,134,586 Decrease,  10,539,7&3 

Overdrafts 225,499 182,735 Decrease,  42,764 

Total $359,350,498  $355,334,831 

Insurance  Companies.  There  are  in  the  city  94  Fire  Insurance  Companies,  with  an  ag 
gregate  capital  of  $28,035,000,  besides  35  agencies  of  foreign  Companies.  Of  Life  Insurance 
Companies  there  are  32,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $48.355,0(;0,  and  13  agencies  of  foreign 


520  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Companies.    The  Marine  Insurance  Companies  are  ten  in  number— Capital,  $15,000,000 ;  foreign 
agency,  1. 

Miscellaneous.  The  city  has  384  regular  Manufacturing  Companies,  and  202  Mining  Com 
panies.  There  are  also  195  miscellaneous  Manufacturing  Companies.  There  are  43  Petroleum 
Companies,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $50.175,000.  The  Trades'  organizations  number  about 
150,  with  a  membership  of  about  35.000.  The  City  Railroads  are  13  in  number.  The  Social  Clubs 
number  22.  The  Ferries  connecting  the  city  with  its  surroundings  number  22.  Of  these,  11  ply 
between  New  York  and  Long  Island,  7  between  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  2  between  New 
York  and  Staten  Island,  3  between  New  York  and  other  points.  The  whole  number  of  passen 
gers  carried  by  these  ferries  in  1S6S,  was  82,321,274. 

The  imports  to  New  York  for  three  years  ending  June  30,  1868,  were  as  follows : 

1865-6.  18G6-7.  1867-8. 

Dry  Goods $137,055,834 $103,407,278 $77,264,182 

General  Merchandise 166.825,929 166,424.629 160.670,320 

Specie  and  Bullion 2.251,644 9,954,539 5.788,543 

Total  imports $306.133.407  $279,78(5,446  $213,723.045 

Revenue  from  customs $132,625.518.65          $119,886.260.72          $110,182,050.09 

The  exports  from  New  York  to  foreign  ports  for  the  same  time,  were : 

1865-6.  1866-7.  1867-8. 

Domestic  produce $210.352.823 $173,549,691 $166,163.863 

Foreign  Merchandise,  free 762.633 534,927 553.666 

dutiable..       4,323,375 6,152.659 7,840,890 

Specie  and  Bullion 67,870.354 44.3(56,932 76,809,386 

Total  Exports $273,399,185  $224.604.209  $250,867,805 

Total,  exclusive  of  specie 215.438,a31 180.237,277 174,558,419 

The  number  of  arrivals  during  the  year  1868,  were : 

NATIONALITY.  8te»mers.  Shift.  Barks.  Brigs.  Schooners.  Total. 

American 204 223 359 535 774 2.095 

British 355 102 378 771 426 2,032 

North  German 109 49 152 63 6 379 

Italian 3 40 32 3 78 

Norwegian 3 71 20 94 

Danish 9 26 3 38 

French 26 2 1 29 

Dutch 10 15 4  29 

Swedish 2 8 11 21 

Spanish 1 3 4  1 9 

Portuguese 3 2 3 8 

Austrian 2 7 6...., 15 

Argentine 2 2 

Brazilian 6 3 9 

Haytien 2 2 

Venezuelan 2 2 

Russian 1 10 11 

All  others ,      1 2 3 2 8 

Total 694  390  1,055  1.499  1,223  4,861 

The  total  number  of  arrivals  was  185  more  than  in  1867,  and  the  number  of  American  vessels, 
291  greater. 
The  taxable  property  of  the  city  and  county  of  New  York  in  1867,  was  $830.594,713. 

The  aggregate  amount  of  appropriations  required  to  be  made  for  the  county  government  of 
New  York  for  1869,  is  estimated  by  the  Comptroller  as  follows : 

The  Legislative  Department $378.650       State  Taxes $4.629,597 

The  Executive  Departments 4,790.532       Miscellaneous 386,688 

The  Judiciary 701,245  

Total $10,886,712 

The  receipts  of  the  general  fund  for  the  year  1869,  are  estimated  at  $80,000 ;  the  amount  to  be 
raised  by  taxation  for  county  purposes  in  1869,  including  the  amount  of  the  quota  of  the  county 


1869.] 


NEW  YORK  CITY. 


for  State  taxes  is  $10,806,712.    The  purposes  for  which  the  foregoing  estimates  are  made  may  he 
classified  as  follows,  viz : 


State  taxes $4,629,597 

Interest  on  the  county  debt 1,141,481 

Redemption  of  the  county  debt 452,900 

College  of  the  City  of  New  York 125,000 

The  amount  required  by  the  laws  of  the  State  to  be  raised  in  this  county  for  the  following  in 
stitution!',  is  as  follows : 


Metropolitan  Board  of  Health $110,186 

Metropolitan  police 2,727,365 

Election  expenses 90,000 


Asylum  for  Idiots  $570 

Children's  Aid  Society 40,000 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum 12,648 

Institution  for  the  Blind 7,702 

New  York  Juvenile  Asylum 75,000 

Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital 11,000 

Society  for  the  Protection  of  Destitute 
Roman  Catholic  Children  . .  ...  110.000 


Magdalen  Female  Benevolent  Asylum..    2,000 

New  York  State  Lunatic  Asylum 2,768 

Salaries — Legislative  Department 38,300 

Executive  Departments 227,300 

Judiciary 557,745 

General  expenses  of  county  govcrnm't  .525,150 


Total $10,886,712 


The  following  statement  exhibits  the  amount  of  tax  levied  in  1868,  and  the  estimate  of  the 
amount  required  for  1869: 

Am' t  of  Tax  levied  in  1808.     Estimate  of  Taxation  in  1869. 

For  the  State $5,564,42(5 $4,029,597 

For  City  purposes,  including  boards  and  commissions. .  10,873,046 9,987,284 

For  county  purposes,  including  boards  and  commissions..    7,082,787... 6,177,115 


Total $23,520,259 

To  supply  deficiencies  arising  from  erroneous  assess 
ments,  insolvencies,  &c 627,634 


Total $24,147,893 


$20.793,996 

600,000 
$21,393,996 


POPULATION. 
The  population  of  the  city  at  different  dates  was  as  follows : 


1656 1,000 

1696 4,302 

1756 10,381 

1773 21.876 

1800...  ...60,489 


1820 123.706 


1825. 


1835 
1840. 


.  166,089 
.202,589 
.268,089 
.312.710 


1845.... 
1850. . . . 
1855.... 

1860... 


371,223 

515,547 

629,810 

.813,669 


The  immigration  for  1867  was  as  follows :  from 


1865 736,386 


185 
142 
97 
87 
79 
44 
42 


Total 242,371 

The  accespions  from  Canada  were  larger  than  any  former  year,  but  as  they  came  across  the 
border  they  are  not  shown  in  this  table.  The  total  immigration  for  1868,  was  213,686. 

The  city  and  county  of  New  York  is  represented  in  the  State  Legislature 
by  five  Senators  and  twenty-one  Members  of  the  Assembly.  Six  Members 
of  Congress  are  elected  from  the  city. 


Germany  

117,591 

Russia 

Ireland     

65.134 

Wales 

England 

..  33  712 

South  America 

Scotland  

6,315 

Japan 

Svedeu  

...         .      4  843 

Portugal 

Switzerland  

3,985 

Australia  

France  

3204 

Canada 

Holland  

.  .     2,156 

Mexico  

Belgium  

1  623 

Nova  Scotia 

Denmark  

1  372 

China 

Italy  . 

1  632 

Norway  

309 

Poland  

268 

Turkey 

West  Indies  

214 

East  Indies 

Spain  

203 

Africa.  .. 

522 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


COMPARATIVE  PRICES  OF  STAPLE  ARTICLES  IN  THE  K  Y.  MARKETS. 

The  prices  arc  taken  from  the  market  reports  on  the  first  day  of  January  in  each  year,  from 
1865  to  1869,  inclusive. 


ARTICLES. 

1865. 

1866. 

1867. 

1868. 

1869. 

Ashes                      .     .  . 

$12  00al3  00 

$9.00all.OO 

$8.00al2  25 

$8  25alO  50 

$7  75a  9  12* 

Beef  Mess 

20  00o22  00 

20  00a24  00 

17  00o21  50 

14  00a21  00 

11  0(k/20  00 

Beeswax  

.70a    .72 

.48a    .49 

37.0    .38 

.39o    .40 

.41o     42 

Bricks,  per  M 

13.5()ol4  50 

11  50al2  50 

10  00ol6  00 

Candles,  Adamantine  
Sperm  and  Patent  
Coffee,  Brazil 

.32a    .3*5 
.45a    .55 
.42a     46 

.230    .26 
.42a    .52 
.17a    .20* 

.210    .23 
.380    .50 
.15o    .18 

.210    .24 
.450    .62* 

lla     17 

.210    .23 
.48o    .58 
13a     17* 

Copper,  Am.  Ingot  
Yellow  Metal  
Cotton   Ordinary. 

.480    .49 
.50a    .65 
1  05 

.41c    .43 
.35a    .o5 

.42 

.260    .27 
.300    .43 
.320    .33 

.20o    .21 
.260    .33 
14o     15 

.230     .24 
.33 
23a     24 

Middling  
Flour  and  Meal.  Wheat*...  . 
Rye  

1.20 
10.10alO.30 
8.50a  9.25 

.52a    .53 
8.40o  8.60 
5.50a  6.00 

.35 

10.75ol2.30 
6.300  7.75 

.15o    .16} 
10.28olO.70 
7.5()o  9.50 

.2Ha    .27 
6.90o  7.25 
5.50<r  8.00 

Corn  
Fish,  Cod 

7.60a  7.75 
8.25a  9.25 

4.25 
7.00a  9.25 

5.100  5.20 
6.000  7.75 

6.10o  6.20 
4.00o  6.00 

4.90o  5.00 
7  25o  8  00 

Grain,  Com  

l.Soa  2.00 

.93a    .98 

1.05a  1.1* 

1.37o  1.41 

.92a  1.10 

Oats  

l.GOa  1.09 

.61a    .63 

.64o    .69 

.84o     .88 

.75o    .78 

Rye 

1.70a  1.85 

1.04a  1.15 

1.15o  1.28 

1  75o  1  80 

1  55a  1  62 

Wheat  

2.35a  2.70 

2.30a  2.80 

3.00a  3.50 

2.30o  3.35 

1.50o  2.30 

Hemp,  Am.  Dressed  p.  ton. 
Hide* 

32a     .36 

3.250  3.35 
16a     19 

3.800  3.90 
17a     22 

2.250  4.00 
18o      19* 

2.75o  3.15 
22a     23* 

Hops  
Iron,  Scotch  Pig  
English  Bar 

.460    .54 
61  .00064.00 

1  65a  1.95 

.600    .65 
50.00o52.00 
l.ljO  1.30 

.400    .70 
48.00o50.00 
1  05o  1.15 

.300     .60 
35.00o37.00 
90o    .95 

.15o    .22 
40.00o42.00 
40  00o42  00 

Laths,  per  M  

5.00 

3.25 

3.00 

3.00 

Leather     

.3Sa    .43 

.ola    .40 

.300     .31 

.21o    .28 

.270      29* 

Lime 

1  25a  1  75 

1.70o  1  75 

1  70o  2  20 

1  50o  1  85 

1  69o  2  00 

Molasses,  N.  O  
Oil,  Linseed 

1.20a  1.50 

l.lOo  1.25 

.800    .85 
1.300  1.33 

.650     .90 
1  OOo  1.04 

.60a    .80 
990  1  02 

Crude  Whale  

1.200  1.25 

.680    .70 

.95o  1.00 

Crude  Sperm  

2.60a  2.65 

2.100  2.15 

1.75 

Petroleum,  Refined  
Pork,  Mess.  
Ric'e,  Rangoon  
Rosin,  bbF 

.44a    .95 
40.00a42.00 
.12a    .13* 

.62o    .64 
29.25031  .00 
.9a     .10 

G.500  7  00 

.250     .33* 
19.25o21.  00 
.090    .09* 
4  37o  4  44 

.24a    .24* 
21.00o21.05 
.09o     .09f 
3  OOo  3  12* 

.310    .32 

26.50a28.00 
.050    .07* 
2  40a  2  60 

Salt 

2  32a  2  35 

2  OOa  2  10 

1  90o  1  95 

1  %o  2  00 

1  90a  2  00 

Sugar,  Cuba  

.16a    .22* 

.100    .13} 

.08o    .11} 

.110    .13} 

09a    .12* 

New  Orleans  
Tallow  

.18a     .27* 

.17a    .18 

.130    .i4 

.090    .13 
.110     .11* 

.lla    .15 
.10o    .11 

.090    .13 
.lla    .11} 

Tea,  Hyson  
Oolonr'. 

1.30a  r.95 
1  05a  1  75 

l.lOa  1.60 
90a  1  70 

.800  1.70 
S5o  1  75 

.90o  1.50 
680  1  60 

.900  1.70 
70o  1  60 

Turpentine,  bbl  
Whalebone  

Whiskey 

"  2.000  2.50 
2  21  a  2  22 

8.500  9.00 
1.60 
227 

6.00 
1.15o  1.25 
2  26o  2  38 

4.00 
.80 
2  28 

4.00 
.750    .78 
98a  1  00 

Wool 

50a     60 

°5a     27 

40a     45 

40a     43 

47a     50 

Zinc  

.15a    .15} 

.12o    .12* 

.110     .11* 

.120    .13} 

PRICES  OF  AMERICAN  GOLD  IN  N.  Y.  FROM  JAN.,  1862,  TO  JAN.,  1869. 


DATE. 

1862. 

1863. 

1864. 

1865. 

1866. 

1867. 

1868. 

par. 
102* 
101* 
101* 
102* 
103* 
109 
112* 
116* 
122 
129 
130 

I 

105 
104} 
102* 
102} 
104* 
109* 
120* 
116} 
124 
137 
133} 
134 

3 

I 

1 

I 

i 

3 

I 

2 

1 

E 

Lowest. 

i 

4, 

1 

Highest. 

January  
February  
March  
April  
May 

134 
153 
139 
146 
143* 
140* 
123} 

127 

1433 
147 

160} 
172* 
171} 
159 
155 
148J 
145 
129} 
143* 
156} 
154 
152} 

151* 
157* 
159 
166} 
168 
189 
222 
231* 
185 
189 
209 
211 

160 
161 
169} 
187 
190 
251 
285 
262 
255 
229 
2150 
244 

197* 

148* 
144 
128$ 
1:35} 
138 
140* 
142$ 
144 
145* 
144* 

234* 
218} 
201 
160 
145} 
147$ 
146* 
144} 
145 
149 
148} 
148* 

13(5} 
185f 
125 
125 
125* 
137$ 
147 
146* 
143} 
145* 
137* 
131} 

144$ 

140$ 

129* 
141* 
167} 
151} 
152} 
147* 
154* 
148* 
141} 

132* 
135} 
133* 
132$ 

138* 
139J 
141 
140* 

132} 

140* 
140f 
142 
138* 
138$ 
140$ 
142| 
146* 
145$ 
141* 

1.33} 
139} 
137| 
137} 
139* 
139| 
140* 
143* 
141* 
133} 
132* 
134* 

142} 
144 
141} 
1401 
140* 
141} 
145} 
146 
145 
14(1* 
137 
13(5} 

June  
July  
August  
September.... 
October  
November  
December  .... 

*  Extra  State. 


PART  III. 
FOREIGN    STATES. 

I.    AMERICA. 

1.  AREA— POPULATION— DISCOVERY— ESTABLISHMENT  OF  INDEPENDENT  STATES- 
EXTENT  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  INDEPENDENT  STATES  AND  OF  THE 
EUROPEAN  POSSESSIONS — LANGUAGES. 

THE  total  area  of  America  is  estimated  at  15,480,000  square  miles ;  the 
population  at  81,400,000.  Among  the  large  divisions  of  the  world,  America 
is  the  second  in  point  of  extent,  being  preceded  by  Asia.  In  point  of  pop 
ulation,  it  occupies  the  fourth  place ;  but  its  population  increases  more 
rapidly  than  that  of  any  other  division  of  the  world. 

America  became  first  known  to  the  Europeans  in  the  tenth  century,  when  Ice 
landers  visited  Greenland  and  other  parts  of  the  east  coast.  Greenland  had 
for  some  time  a  Catholic  bishop,  but  subsequently  the  connection  with 
Europe  ceased.  The  opening  of  America  to  the  Christian  civilization  of  Eu 
rope  properly  dates  from  Columbus,  who  landed  in  the  West  Indies  in  1492. 

All  the  American  territory  remained  subject  to  the  rule  of  European 
Powers  until  1776,  when  the  United  States  declared  their  independence. 
Their  example  was  at  the  close  of  the  last  century  followed  by  Hayti,  and  at 
the  beginning  of  the  present  century  by  nearly  the  whole  of  Central  and 
South  America.  (See  special  dates  below  at  the  head  of  each  American 
country).  The  territory  of  the  Independent  American  States  is  rapidly  in 
creasing.  In  1867  the  large  Russian  Possessions  were  purchased  by  the  Uni 
ted  States.  In  the  same  year  two  of  the  three  Danish  Islands  in  the  West 
Indies  were  purchased  by  the  United  States,  but  this  latter  purchase  has  not 
yet  (December  1868),  been  ratified  by  Congress. 

We  give  below  a  tabular  exhibition  of  the  Independent  American  States, 
and  a  list  of  the  European  possessions.  The  independent  American  territory 
embraces  over  11,000,000  square  miles,  or  a  little  over  two-thirds  of  the  whole 
area  of  America,  against  about  4,500,000  square  miles  still  subject  to  Euro 
pean  rule.  Of  the  latter  over  3,000,000  square  miles  are  English  possessions. 
We  have  included  in  the  European  possessions,  Greenland,  though  in  fact, 
the  Danish  rule  extends  only  over  a  very  small  portion.  The  total  popula 
tion  of  the  independent  American  States  may  be  estimated  at  74,000,000 ;  while 
the  European  possessions  contain  about  7,000,000. 

The  English  language  is  predominant  in  the  United  States,  and  in  the 
British  possessions,  embracing  a  territory  containing  more  than  39,000,000  of 
people.  The  Spanish  language  prevails  in  Mexico,  the  republics  of  Central 
and  South  America,  the  republic  of  San  Domingo  and  the  Spanish  possessions, 

(523) 


524 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


including  in  all  a  territory  containing  about  28,500,000  inhabitants.  The 
Portuguese  language  prevails  in  Brazil  which  has  a  population  of  nearly 
12,000,000.  French  is  the  language  of  Hayti  and  of  the  French  possessions, 
which  together  have  a  population  of  about  900,000.  French  also  is  the  lan 
guage  of  the  majority  of  the  population  in  the  province  of  Quebec  in  the 
dominion  of  Canada,  but  the  official  language  of  the  whole  Dominion  is 
English.  The  number  of  the  German-speaking  population  in  the  United 
States  is  estimated  at  from  four  to  five  millions ;  there  is  also  a  large  Ger 
man  population  in  Brazil,  but  no  where  is  German  recognized  as  an  official 
language,  and  in  the  course  of  time  it  must  give  way  to  the  national  lan 
guage.  The  native  languages,  the  number  of  which  is  estimated  at  GOO,  are 
still  understood  by  about  12,000,000  people;  but  they  gradually  disappear 
before  the  advance  of  education  and  civilization.  In  point  of  area,  the 
English  language  now  prevails  in  a  territory  exceeeding  7,000,000  square 
miles;  the  Spanish  language  in  a  territory  of  over  4,000,000  square  miles; 
and  the  Portuguese  in  a  territory  of  over  3,000,000  square  miles. 

Christianity  prevails  in  every  country  of  America,  though  in  most  countries 
of  North  and  South  America  there  are  still  uncivilized  and  pagan  natives.  In 
the  United  States,  and  the  British  and  Dutch  Possessions,  Protestantism 
prevails,  while  Roman  Catholicism  is  the  religion  in  all  the  other  countries. 
(See  the  tables  of  "  Religious  Statistics.") 

INDEPENDENT  AMERICAN  STATES. 

In  the  following  table  we  give  a  list  of  all  the  independent  American  States,  their  area  and 
population,  ruler,  title  and  year  of  accession  of  the  rulers,  and  form  of  government. 


•  States. 

Area. 

Population.               Ruler,  December,  1663. 

Title. 

Year  of 
Ac'sion. 

FonnofGov'ment. 

Argentine  Republic. 

826,828 

535,769 
3,231,047 
132,624 
357,179 
21,495 
218,984 
44,778 
10,205 
47,092 
773,144 
58,169 
126,352 
510,107 
17,826 
7,335 
3,578,392 
66,716 
368,235 

1,465,000  'Domingo  F.  Sarmienl 
1,987,352  Mariano  Melgarejo.. 
11,780,000  Don  Pedro  II.  
2,084,960  Jose  Joaquin  Perez. 
2,920,473  Santos  Gutierrez  
135,000  Jesus  Jimenez  
1,300,000  Dr.  Xavier  Espinosa 
1,180,000  Vincente  Cerna...   . 
572  000  Sylvain  Salnave 

0. 

Presi 

Emp( 
Presi 

t 
4 

d'nt. 

;ror. 
d'nt. 

i 

1868 

1865 
.1840 
1866 
1808 
1868 
1868 
1865 
1867 
1866 
1867 
1867 
1862 
186S 
1868 
1865 
1865 
1868 

Republic. 

Const.Mon'y. 
Republic. 

Brazil  
Chili 

Colombia  
Costa  Rica  
Ecuador  

Guatemala  
Hayti 

Honduras 

350.000  Jose  Maria  Medina.  . 
8,137,853  Benito  Juarez  
400,000  Fernando  Guzman  .  . 
1,337,431  Francisco  Solano  Lop 
2,500,000  Jose  Balta 

>z 

Mexico  
Nicaragua  . 

Paraguay..  
Peru  
San  Domingo  
San  Salvador  
United  States  
Uruguay 

136,500  Buenaventura  Baez.  .  . 
600,000  Francisco  Duefias  
34,560,000  Andrew  Johnson  
350,000  Lorenzo  Battle 

\enezuela  

2,200,000         (Vacant)  

EUROPEAN  POSSESSIONS. 
TOTALS  OF  THE  COLONIES  OP  FOREIGN  POWEKS. 

British  Possessions 3,636.375 

French  Possessions 36.1771 

Spanish  Possessions 52,085 

Dutch  Possessions 63,115 

Danish  Possessions  759,933 

Swedish  Possessions 16... 


Total 4,547,701 . 


Inhabitants. 
.4,835.541 

.    315,677 

.1,979,838 

92,521 

.      48,2.31 

2,898 

.7,274,700 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-AMERICA.  535 

1.    ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

Capital,  Buenos  Ayres.    Area,  826,828  square  miles.    Population,  1,465,000. 

History.  Discovery  of  the  country  on  the  River  Plata,  1515 ;  Foundation  of  Buenos  Ayres, 
1535  ;  Establishment  of  the  Vice-kingdom  of  Buenos  Ayres  (or  Rio  de  la  Plata),  1777  ;  Beginning 
of  the  war  for  Independence,  1810 ;  Declaration  of  Independence,  1816 ;  Presidency  of  Rosas,  1835 ; 
Banishment  of  Rosas,  1852  ;  Presidency  of  Mitre,  1862-1868 ;  Sarmiento  elected  President,  1868. 

In  1866  it  was  estimated  that  there  were  in  the  country  70,000  Italians,  32,000  Spaniards,  32,- 
000  Englishmen,  25,000  Frenchmen,  5,000  Germans  and  natives  of  the  United  States.  The  im 
migration  of  the  year  1866  was  estimated  at  13,000,  of  whom  31  per  cent,  were  Italians,  21  French, 
10  English,  7  Swiss  and  Spaniards,  2  Germans.  The  immigration  during  the  first  three  months 
of  1868  was  9,493,  chiefly  from  Germany  and  Italy. 

Government.  President,  DOMINGO  F.  SAKMIENTO  ;  Vice  President,  ADOLFO  ALSINA.  By 
the  Constitution  of  May  15, 1853,  the  President  and  Vice  President  are  elected  for  six  years.  The 
present  incumbents  were  elected  in  1868  for  the  term  1868-1874.  The  Senate  consists  of  28  mem 
bers,  two  from  each  state.  The  House  of  Representatives  numbers  54  Deputies. 

Finances.  The  revenue  is  almost  wholly  derived  from  custom  house  duties,  averaging  from 
15  to  20  per  cent.  lu  1866,  according  to  the  message  of  President  Mitre,  the  revenue  was  9,763,- 
830  pesos,  5  pesos  fuertes=-l  £=$4.84.  The  public  debt,  at  the  beginning  of  1867,  amounted  to 
32,483,710  pesos.  The  paper  currency  is  greatly  depreciated,  25  paper  pesos  being  equal  to  1 
pesos  fuerte.  The  budget  of  Buenos  Ayres  amounts  to  about  2,000,000  pesos. 

Army  and.  Navy.  The  army  consists  of  about  10,700  men,  exclusive  of  the  militia  and 
national  guard.  In  the  war  against  Paraguay  the  Republic  was  to  contribute  from  30,000  to 
40,000  men,  but  in  1867  the  Argentine  force  never  exceeded  8,000  men.  The  navy  comprises 
seven  steamers  and  ten  sailing  vessels. 

Commerce.  The  imports  of  the  port  of  Buenos  Ayres,  in  1865,  amounted  to  £5,207,043, 
exports  to  £4,413,358.  The  most  important  countries  for  the  commerce  of  Buenos  Ayres,  are 
France,  England,  Brazil,  and  the  United  States.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  wool  (46  per 
cent.)  and  hides,  (34  per  cent.) ;  chief  articles  of  import  breadstuff's,  beverages,  cotton  and 
woolen  manufactures.  In  1867,  621  miles  of  railroad  were  either  open  or  projected.  Nearly 
the  whole  of  the  capital  had  been  subscribed  in  England. 


2.    BOLIVIA. 

Capital,  Chuquieaca.    Area,  535,769  square  miles.    Population,  1,987,352. 

History.  Declaration  of  Independence,  1825 ;  the  name  of  Bolivia  assumed  Aug.  11,  1825. 
The  frontier  of  the  Republic  is  not  yet  regulated.  A  treaty  with  Chili,  of  Aug.  10, 1866,  fixes 
24°  S.  Lat.,  as  the  boundary  line  between  these  two  Republics.  In  1868.  a  treaty  was  concluded 
between  Bolivia  and  Brazil,  recognizing  the  claims  of  Brazil  to  most  of  the  territory  which  has 
heretofore  been  disputed  between  Brazil,  Bolivia  and  Peru. 

Government.  President,  MARIANO  MELGAREJO.  The  President  is  elected  for  a  term  of 
four  years.  The  army  consists  of  about  2,000  men,  exclusive  of  the  national  guard.  The  rev 
enue,  in  1864,  amounted  to  2,471,000,  the  expenditures  to  2,4a5,000  pesos.  The  Republic  has  no 
public  debt.  The  value  of  the  annual  imports  is  about  5,570,000  pesos. 


3.    BRAZIL. 

Capital,  Rio  Janeiro.    Area,  3,231,047  square  miles.    Population,  11,780,000. 

History.  Discovered  by  Pedro  Alvarez  Cabral,  in  1500;  beginning  of  colonization  by  the 
Portuguese,  1531 ;  foundation  of  the  city  of  Bahia,  1549;  conquest  of  Bahia  (1624),  and  gradually 
of  one-half  of  the  fourteen  provinces  of  which  Brazil  consisted  at  that  time,  by  the  Dutch ; 
evacuation  by  the  Dutch,  1654 ;  fonnal  retrocession  of  Brazil  to  Portugal,  1661 ;  constituted  a 
kingdom  by  King  John  VI.  of  Portugal,  in  1815 ;  declaration  of  Independence,  1822 ;  constitution 
adopted,  1825. 

The  number  of  slaveholders  is  about  40,000.  A  law  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade  was 
sanctioned  by  the  Emperor  June  5, 1854.  There  were  in  1861,  55  colonies  of  German  and  Swiss 
settlers,  chiefly  in  tile  province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  inhabited  by  33,970  foreigners.  Since 
then  immigration  has  considerably  increased. 


526  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  Pedro  II.  was  born  Dec.  2, 1825 ;  succeeded  to  the 
throne  on  the  abdication  of  his  father,  Pedro  I.  April  7,  1831 ;  declared  of  age,  July  23,  1840 ; 
crowned,  July  18,  1841 ;  married  Sept.  4,  1843,  to  Theresa,  daughter  of  the  late  king  Francis  I. 
of  the  Two  Sicilies.  Children :  1.  Crown  Princess  Isabel,  born  July  29,  1840  ;  married  Oct.  15, 
1864,  to  Prince  Louis  of  Orleans,  Count  of  Eu.  2.  Princess  Leopoldina,  born  July  13,  1847 ; 
married  December  15,  1864,  to  Prince  Augustus  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ;  eon,  Prince  Pedro, 
born  March  19,  1866. 

Government.  Emperor,  PEDRO  II.  The  Legislative  Assembly  consists  of  a  Senate  and 
House  of  Deputies.  Senators  are  appointed  for  life,  by  the  Emperor,  from  three  candidates 
chosen  by  electoral  meetings  specially  convened  for  this  purpose.  A  Senator  must  be  forty 
years  of  age,  a  native  born  Brazilian,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  possessed  of  an  annual  income  of 
800  milreis.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Deputies  are  chosen  by  indirect  election  ;  every  200 
voters  choose  an  elector,  and  a  number  of  the  latter  nominate  the  deputy.  A  voter  must  have 
an  income  of  100  milreis,  an  elector  of  200  milreis,  a  deputy  of  400  milreis.  The  deputy  must 
be  a  native  Roman  Catholic.  Voters  are  compelled  to  vote,  under  a  penalty.  The  salary  of  a 
Senator  is  3,600  milreis,  of  a  deputy  2,400  milreis.  The  annual  session  of  the  Legislative  Assem 
bly  commences  May  3.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  has  the  initiative  in  the  assessment  of  taxes, 
in  matters  concerning  the  army  and  navy,  and  in  the  choice  of  a  sovereign,  in  case  the  throne 
should  become  vacant.  The  Senate  has  to  take  cognizance  of  offences  committed  by  members 
of  the  Imperial  family,  and  by  Senators  and  Deputies,  if  committed  during  the  session.  It  also 
convenes  the  Legislative  Assembly,  should  the  Emperor  fail  to  do  so,  two  months  after  the 
period  fixed  by  law. 

The  Ministry  is  divided  into  seven  departments  :  1.  Finance  ;  2.  Foreign  Affairs  ;  3.  Interior  ; 
4.  Justice;  5.  War;  6.  Marine;  7.  Public  Works,  Agriculture  and  Commerce.  The  Council  of  State 
consists  of  12  ordinary  and  12  extraordinary  members,  all  appointed  by  the  Emperor  for  life.  Each 
Province  has  a  President  appointed  by  the  central  Government,  and  a  provincial  assembly. 

A  new  (conservative)  Ministry  was  formed  in  July,  1868.  President,  Viscount  Itaborahy : 
Foreign  affairs,  Paranhos  ;  War,  Baron  Muritiba;  Agriculture,  Fernandez  LejTo  ;  Marine,  Baron 
Cotigipe ;  Empire,  Paulino  Soares  de  Souza ;  Justice,  J.  M.  Alencar. 

Finances.    The  revenue  during  the  financial  years  1859  to  1866,  was  as  follows : 

1859-60 47,310.955  milreis.  1863-64 58,360,430  milrcie. 

1860-61 53,a50,905       "  1864-65 61,046,818       " 

1861-62 55,857,726       "  1865-66 62,827,191       " 

1862-63 50,724,034       " 

The  estimates  for  the  year  1868-69,  were:  Expenditures,  67,742,627  milreis  ;  receipts,  59,000,- 
000  milreis ;  probable  deficit,  8.742,627  milreis.  The  foreign  debt  in  June  1867,  amounted  to 
£15,458,200 ;  the  internal  funded  debt,  March  31,  1867,  to  106,350,600  milreis.  The  total  amount 
of  paper  currency  in  circulation  was  estimated,  in  June  1867,  at  107,021,950  milreis. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  Brazilian  army,  in  1867,  numbered  74,318  men ;  consisting  of  Special 
Corps,  25,844  men  ;  1st  Army  Corps  in  the  field.  33,078  men  ;  2d  Army  Corps  in  the  field,  15,396 
men.  The  armed  navy  consisted,  in  1867,  of  12  ironclads  (exclusive  of  4  in  course  of  construc 
tion)  ;  46  steamers,  and  11  sailing  vessels.  The  number  of  sailors  and  marines  was  according  to 
the  navy  estimates  for  1867-68, 14,909  men. 

Commerce.  The  value  of  imports  and  exports  in  the  financial  years  from  1864  to  1866, 
was  as  follows : 

1864-65 ...  ...  131?(io5boO  milreis 141  000,000  milreis. 

1865-66 138,100,000        "      157,000,000 

Trade  with  the  United  States  from  1864  to  1867,  was  as  follows : 

Imports,  Exports. 

1864-65 $3.175.000 $8,3:35,000 

1865-66 3,253,000 14,980,000 

1866-67 2,150,000 15,600,000 


4.    CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

History.  Landing  of  Columbus  on  the  east  coast,  1502 ;  invasion  by  the  Spaniards,  1524 ; 
declaration  of  independence,  1821 ;  establishment  of  the  Republic  of  the  United  States  of  Central 
America,  1823 ;  dissolution  of  the  Union,  ia39— since  which  time  the  five  republics  of  Guate 
mala,  San  Salvador,  Nicaragua,  Honduras  and  Costa  Rica  have  been  independent  of  each  other. 
The  idea  of  a  restoration  of  a  Central  American  confederation  has  still  many  friends. 

Squier,  (in  "  The  States  of  Central  America,"  New  York,  1858),  estimated  the  total  population 
of  Central  America  at  2,114,000;  of  whom  1,195,000  were  Indians,  800,000.  of  mixed  descent, 
100,000  whites,  and  19,000  negroes. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-AMERICA.  5^7 

1.    GUATEMALA. 
Capital,  Guatemala.    Area,  44,778  square  miles.    Population,  1,180,000. 

Government.  President,  VINCENTS  CEKNA.  A  new  constitution  was  adopted,  October 
19, 1851,  by  which  the  powers  of  government  were  confided  to  a  President  and  General  Assem 
bly,  composed  of  a  Legislative  Chamber  (59  deputies),  in  which  the  archbishop,  the  members  of 
the  courts  of  supreme  justice  and  the  Council  of  State,  have  a  voice  in  the  deliberations. 

The  revenue,  in  1864,  was  $1,147,809 ;  expenditures,  $1,130,708.  The  public  debt,  in  1865, 
amounted  to  $2,461,978.  The  regular  army  consists  of  3,200  men,  the  militia  of  13,000  men. 

The  imports,  in  1866,  were  $1,699,125 ;  the  exports,  $1,680,341.  The  largest  amount  of  the  im 
ports  came  from  the  following  countries :  England,  $1,220,064 ;  France,  $230,521 ;  Spain,  $67,639 ; 
Germany,  $118,968;  United  States,  $31,647.  In  1867  the  imports  amounted  to  $1,574,587,  the 
exports  to  $1,996,450. 

2.    SAN  SALVADOR. 
Capital,  San  Salvador.    Area,  7,335  square  miles.    Population,  600,000. 

Government.  Pivsident,  FRANCISCO  DUENAS.  The  Senate  consists  of  12,  and  the  Legis 
lative  Chamber  of  24  members.  The  sessions  are  held  biennially. 

According  to  the  budget  of  1867,  the  revenue  was  $783,713 ;  the  expenditures,  $693,003.  The 
consolidated  debt,  in  1868,  was  estimated  at  six  millions  ;  the  floating  debt  at  one  million.  The 
militia  consists  of  5,000,  of  whom  1,000  are  in  active  service.  The  imports,  in  1867,  were  valued 
at  $1,85(5,387;  the  exports  at  $2,737,243.  Of  the  leading  products  there  were  exported:  15,000 
ceroons  indigo,  50,000  cwt.  coffee,  80,000  cwt.  sugar,  10,000  cwt.  rice.  For  the  six  months  ending 
March  31,  1868,  the  exports  from  the  ports  of  La  Union,  Libertad  and  Acajutla  amounted  to 
$2,493,480;  an  excess  over  the  same  period  the  previous  year  of  $415,104. 

3.    HONDURAS. 

Capital,  Comayagua.    Area,  47,092  square  miles.    Population,  350,000. 

Government.  President,  JOSE  MARIA  MEDINA.  A  new  constitution  was  adopted  in  1865. 
The  Senate  has  seven,  and  the  Legislative  Assembly  eleven  members.  The  Council  of  State 
consists  of  the  ministers  and  seven  other  members.  The  annual  revenue  is  about  $200,000;  it 
exceeds  the  expenditures  by  about  $17,000  annually.  Imports,  mostly  from  Great  Britain, 
$750,000;  exports,  $825,000.  Chief  port,  Omoa. 

4.  NICARAGUA. 

Capital,  Managua.    Area,  58,169.    Population,  400,000. 

Government.  President,  FERNANDO  GUZMAN.  The  area  includes  Greytown  and  the  Mus- 
quito  territory.  The  population  embraces  about  30,000  whites,  and  10,000  negroes ;  the  remain 
der  are  Indians  and  Mestizoes.  The  capital  has  10,000  inhabitants.  The  republic  is  divided 
into  the  departments  of  Rivas,  Granada,  Leon,  Segovia,  and  Matagalpa.  The  revenue  for  the 
year  1865  was  estimated  at  $'332,471 ;  the  expenditures  at  $630,120 ;  the  public  debt  at  $4,000,000. 
The  imports,  in  1865,  were  valued  at  $1,154,000,  the  exports  at  $722,000. 

5.  COSTA  RICA. 

Capital,  San  Jose.    Area,  21,495  square  miles.    Population,  135,000. 

Government.  Provisional  President,  JESUS  JIMENEZ.  The  Senate  consists  of  25,  and  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  of  29  members.  The  annual  revenue  is  about  $1,000,000.  There  is  no 
public  debt.  The  exports  (principal  article  coffee)  amounted  in  1864  to  $1,812,682 ;  the  imports 
to  $1,718,000.  The  militia  consists  of  5,000  men  ;  of  whom  200  are  employed  in  active  service. 


5.    CHILI. 

Capital,  Santiago.    Area,  132,624  square  miles.    Population,  2,084,960. 

History.  First  invasion  by  the  Spaniards,  1525 ;  beginning  of  the  war  for  independence, 
1811 ;  independence  fully  established,  1818 ;  recognized  by  Spain,  1844 ;  General  Bulnes,  presi 
dent  1841  to  1846,  and  1846  to  1851 ;  Manuel  Montt,  president  1851  to  1856,  and  1856  to  1861 ; 
Jose  Joaquin  Perez,  president  1861  to  1666;  re-elected  in  1866. 

It  is  remarked  in  the  census  report  of  1665,  that  to  the  population  of  the  organized  provinces 
(1,819,223),  must  be  added  (1)  about  10  per  cent,  for  persons  omitted,  (2)  80,000  Araucanians,  (3) 


528  THE  AMERICAN  YEAE-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

3,800  Patagonians.  The  result  of  former  censuses  was  as  follows: — Census  of  1835,  1,010,332; 
1843,  1,083,801 ;  1854,  1,439,0(59.  Increase  in  thirty  years,  808,891.  The  number  of  foreign  born 
persons  in  1854,  g^vas  19,6(59  ;  in  1865,  23,220,  among  whom  were  17,618  males. 

Government.  Resident,  JOSE  JOAQUIN  PEREZ — born,  1801 ;  secretary  of  legation  in  France, 
1829-31 ;  minister  plenipotentiary  at  Buenos  Ayres,  1832 ;  subsequently  councillor  of  state, 
minister  of  finance,  of  the  interior,  of  foreign  affairs,  president  of  the  chamber  of  deputies,  and 
president  of  the  senate ;  elected  president  of  the  republic,  September  7,  1861 ;  re-elected  July 
34,  1866.  The  vote  for  President  is  by  electors  (in  1866,  216). 

The  ministry,  in  November,  1868,  was  composed  as  follows :  (1)  Interior  and  Foreign  Affairs, 
L.  M.  Amunatcqui,  (appointed  1868) ;  (2)  Finance,  Alejandro  Rejes  (1864) ;  (3)  Justice,  Worship 
and  Instruction,  Joaquin  Blest  Gana  (1866) ;  (4)  War  and  Navy,  Echaurren,  (1868). 

The  Council  of  State  is  composed  of  the  acting  ministers,  two  members  of  the  courts,  one  ec 
clesiastical  dignitary,  one  general  or  admiral,  one  chief  of  a  financial  board,  two  ex-ministers, 
and  several  other  functionaries.  President  of  the  supreme  court,  Manuel  Montt,  ex-president. 

According  to  the  Constitution  of  1833,  the  Senate  consists  of  20  members,  elected  for  a  term 
Of  nine  years,  and  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  of  one  member  for  each  20,000  of  the  population, 
elected  for  a  term  of  three  years. 

Finances.  The  revenue,  in  1864,  was  estimated  at  $6,654,912,  (customs,  $4,047,787,  govern 
ment  monopolies,  $1,110,648,  &c.) ;  but  in  effect  it  only  amounted  to  $6,574,518.  The  expendi 
tures  which  had  been  estimated  at  $8,070,368,  rose,  in  consequence  of  the  Spanish  war,  to 
$10,986,358.  The  budget  for  1866,  estimated  the  expenditures  at  $9,079,936,  and  that  for  1867,  at 
$10,814,000.  The  internal  debt,  January  1,  1867,  amounted  to  $15,820,319;  external  debt  to 
$14,142,570 ;  the  total  debt  to  $29,962,889.  In  addition  to  the  above  a  loan  of  £2,000,000  at  six 
per  cent,  was  contracted  in  England,  in  1867. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  army  consists  of  the  standing  force  raised  by  conscription  (3,250 
at  the  end  of  1865),  and  of  the  national  guard  (35,600  at  the  end  of  1865).  The  navy  was,  in  May, 
1867,  composed  of  14  screw  steamers,  carrying  120  guns. 

Commerce.    The  imports  and  exports  from  1861  to  1865  were  as  follows : 

Year.  Exports.  Import*, 

1861 $16,676,314 $20,349,639 

1862 17,226,655 21 ,994,432 

1863 20,487,517 20,118,852 

1864 18,867,3(55 26.502,961 

1865 21,240,976 25,712,623 

The  number  of  vessels  entering  the  ports  of  Chili  in  1865  was  2,858,  of  1,123,344  tons  ;  among 
them  were  1,288  Chilian,  of  263,607  tons;  144  North  American,  of  62,525  tons;  English,  1,163, 
695,304  tons.  The  merchant  navy  of  Chili  consisted,  in  1862,  of  259  vessels,  of  57,110  tons ;  in 
1865,  of  257  vessels,  of  67,090  tons.  Up  to  the  middle  of  1866,  336$  English  miles  of  railways 
had  been  constructed  at  a  total  cost  of  $21,360,798. 

Education.  A  University,  divided  into  five  faculties,  is  charged  with  superintending  public 
instruction.  Secondary  instruction  is  gratuitously  given  ty  the  State  in  the  National  Institute, 
in  the  Provincial  Lyceums,  and  in  one  Military  School,  two  Nautical  Schools,  one  Medical 
School,  one  Astronomical  School,  one  Conservatory  of  Music,  one  Academy  of  Painting,  one 
School  of  Obstetrics,  and  one  Polytechnical  School. 


6.    COLOMBIA,  United  States  of. 

Capital,  Bogota.    Area,  357,179  square  miles.    Population,  2,920,473. 

History.  The  Republic  of  Colombia  which  was  established  December  17, 1819,  and  consoli 
dated  by  the  fundamental  law  of  July  22,  1821,  embraced  besides  the  present  United  States 
of  Colombia,  the  republics  of  Ecuador  and  Venezuela.  Venezuela  seceded  in  November,  1829, 
and  Ecuador  in  May,  1830.  The  remainder,  then  called  New  Grenada,  assumed,  September  20, 
1861,  the  name  of  United  States  of  Colombia,  and  was  changed  by  the  fundamental  law  of  June 
15, 1858,  from  one  republic  into  a  confederation  of  eight  states,  to  which  subsequently  a  ninth 
was  added.  The  population  of  the  nine  states  in  1864,  was  as  follows : 

Antioquia 327,322       Cauca....  ...437,102       Panama 173,729 

Bolivar 175,006       Cundinamarca 391 ,096        Santander 496,000 

Boyaca 442,996       Magdalena 100,284        Tolima 250,9138 

Total 2,794,473 

To  this  population  should  be  added  the  independent  Indians,  whose  number  is  estimated 
at  126,000. 


FOREIGN  STATES-AMERICA.  539 

Government.  President,  SANTOS  GUTIERREZ  ;  elected,  1868 ;  term,  1868  to  1870.  The  Pres 
ident  is  elected  by  an  absolute  majority  of  the  states,  the  vote  in  the  states  being  direct.  The 
ministry  in  September,  1868,  was  composed  as  follows  :  Interior  and  Foreign  Affairs,  Santiago 
Perez  ;  Finances,  Miguel  Samper ;  War  and  Navy,  Sergio  Cainargo ;  General  Treasury,  Narciso 
Gonzalez  Lineros. 

The  Senate  consists  of  three  members  from  each  state ;  the  Chamber  of  Representatives  of  one 
member  for  every  50,000  inhabitants,  and  one  additional  for  a  remainder  of  more  than  20,000. 
The  members  of  the  supreme  court  are  elected  bjr  the  legislatures  of  the  nine  states.  Each 
state  has  a  Governor,  except  the  state  of  Panama,  which  elects  a  President. 

Finances.  In  the  budget  for  1866-67,  revenue  and  expenditures  were  each  estimated  at 
$2,350,000.  The  public  debt  in  1861,  was  reported  to  be  $44,000,000,  of  which  $34,690,000  was 
due  English  creditors. 

Army.  The  federal  army,  in  times  of  peace,  numbers  2,000  men ;  in  times  of  war,  the  states 
are  bound  to  furnish  a  contingent  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  population. 

Commerce.  The  imports  of  the  port  of  Panama  and  Colon  (Aspinwall),  amounted,  in  1864, 
to  $35,000,000;  the  exports  to  $67,000,000.  The  number  of  arrivals  at  Panama,  in  1865,  was  134 
sea  vessels,  of  177,448  tons ;  36  coasting  vessels,  of  865  tons ;  the  number  of  arrivals  at  Colon, 
in  1865,  339  vessels,  of  242,757  tons. 


7.    ECUADOR. 

Capital,  Quito.    Area,  218,984  square  miles.    Population,  1,300,000. 

History.  The  Republic  was  constituted  in  1830,  by  secession  from  the  Republic  of  Colom 
bia.  (See  United  States  of  Colombia).  In  1858,  the  population  was  1,040,371,  among  whom 
were  600,000  whites ;  in  1867,  it  was  estimated  at  1,300,000,  including  about  200,000  uncivilized 
Indians. 

Government.  President,  XAVIER  ESPINOSA  ;  elected  in  1868.  The  republic  is  divided  into 
ten  provinces ;  Pichincha,  Imbabura,  Leon,  Chimborazo,  Esmeraldas,  Oriente,  Guayas,  Manavi, 
Cuenca,  and  Loja. 

Finances.  The  revenue,  in  1865,  amounted  to  $1,401,300;  the  expenditures  to  $1,399,672. 
The  foreign  debt  in  1865,  was  $9,390,554;  the  interior,  $3,692,955.  The  republic  has  neither  a 
standing  army  nor  a  fleet. 

Commerce.  The  exports  from  the  port  of  Guayaquil,  were  valued,  in  1865,  at  about  $4,000,- 
000 ;  in  1866,  at  $5,015,752 ;  in  1867,  at  only  $2,510,733.  The  exports  in  the  latter  year  amounted 
to  $2,104,722.40.  The  movement  of  shipping,  in  the  port  of  Guayaquil,  in  1866,  amounted  to 
182  vessels,  of  13,969  tons,  exclusive  of  58  mail  steamers. 


8.    HAYTI. 

Capital,  Port  au  Prince.    Area,  10,205  square  miles.    Population.  572,000. 

History.  Discovered  by  Columbus  1492,  who  called  the  island  Hispaniola,  which  name  was 
subsequently  changed  into  San  Domingo.  The  western  part  of  the  island,  the  present  Hayti, 
was  ceded  by  Spain  to  France  in  1697.  Insurrection  of  the  negroes,  1791 ;  evacuation  by  the 
French,  1803;  recognized  by  France,  1825  ;  Soulouque,  president,  March,  1847;  declared  himself 
emperor  under  the  name  of  Faustin  I.  August  26, 1849 ;  resigned  in  consequence  of  a  successful 
revolution,  January  15, 1859 ;  Fabre  Geffrard,  president,  1859 ;  expelled,  1867. 

Government.  President,  SYLVAIN  SALNAVE  ;  term  of  office,  from  1867  to  1871.  A  new 
constitution  was  adopted.  January  14, 1867.  There  are  four  ministers:  1.  Foreign  Affairs,  Wor 
ship,  and  Public  Instruction  ;  2.  Finances  and  Commerce  ;  3.  Interior  and  Agriculture  ;  4.  War 
and  Navy.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Commons  are  elected  by  a  direct  vote  for  a  term 
of  three  years ;  the  members  of  the  Senate  are  appointed  by  the  House  of  Commons  from  a  list 
drawn  up  by  the  electoral  colleges. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  1864  estimated  the  revenue  at  28,710,800  Haytien  dollars*;  the 
expenditures  at  37,331,811  Haytien  dollars  ;  the  total  debt,  in  1864  amounted  to  9  847  233  piastres 
fortes  (dollars). 

Commerce.  The  imports,  in  1864,  amounted  to  about  $6,700,000 ;  the  exports  to  $7,457,700. 
Of  the  imports  about  46  per  cent,  are  from  the  United  States,  and  about  30  per  cent,  from  Eng- 

chan£inS  value-    ^  1863> 12>25  Haytien  dollars 


530  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

land.  The  movement  of  shipping,  in  1864,  was  as  follows :  Arrivals,  879  vessels,  135,488  tons ; 
clearances,  875  vessels,  145,454  tons ;  total,  1,754  vessels,  230,942  tons.  In  1865,  it  was  as  follows : 
Arrivals,  702;  clearances,  619;  total,  1,321  vessels,  200,108  tons. 

Army  and  Navy.    The  army  consists  of  about  50,000  men,  inclusive  of  the  national  guard. 
The  navy  consists  of  six  steamers. 


9.    MEXICO. 

Capital,  Mexico.    Area,  773,144  square  miles.    Population,  8,137,853. 

History.  Discovered,  1518;  after  its  conquest  by  Cortez  organized  into  the  kingdom  of  New 
Spain,  1540,  and  governed  by  Spanish  viceroys ;  beginning  of  the  war  of  independence,  1810 ; 
Iturbide,  generalissimo,  1821 ;  Iturbide,  emperor,  1822 ;  Maximilian,  emperor,  1864 ;  executed, 
1867.  The  list  of  rulers  from  1821  to  1868,  is  as  follows  : 

1821— Iturbide Generalissimo.       1845— Oanalizo President. 

1822 — Iturbide Emperor.        1845 — Herrera . . 

1823— Guerrera,  Bravo  and  Negrete.  .Dictator.       1847— Paredes. . , 
1824— Guadalupe  Victoria President.       1850— Arista. . 


1827— Pedraza.. 
1828— Guerrero. 


1829 — Guerrero Die  ator.        1853 — Santa  Anna. 

1830— Bustamente Pres  dent.        1855— Alvarez 


1852— M.  Juan  Cebellos 

1853— St.  Manuel  Lombardini 


1856— Comonfort 

1858— Felix  Zuloaga 

1858— Miramon 

1859— Felix  Zuloaga Vice-Pres  dent. 


1832— Pedraza. . 

1835— Santa  Anna 

1836— St.  Jose  Jus  to  Caro 

1837— Bustamente 

1840— Farias Dictator.  1860— Miramon  . .  T President. 

1841— Bustamente President.  1861— Benito  Juarez " 

1841— Santa  Anna Dictator.  1864— Maximilian Emperor. 

1843— Caro "  1867— Benito  Juarez President. 

1844— Santa  Anna " 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  population  of  each  state  in  1857,  and  of  their  capitals  in  1865  : 

Btatei.  Population.  Capitals.  Population. 

Aguas  Calientes 86,329 Aguas  Calientes 23,000 

Chiapas 167,472 S.  Christobal 10,500 

Chihuahua 164,073 Chihuahua 12,000 

Colima 62,109 Colima 31,000 

Durango 144,331 Durango 14,000 

Guanajuato 729,103 Guanajuato 63,000 

Guerrero 270,000 Tiatla 4,500 

Jalisco 804,058 Guadalajara 70,000 

Mexico 1,029,629 Toluca 12,000 

Michoacan 554,585 Morelia 25,000 

NuevaLeon )  010  Q«Q  j  Monterey 14,000 

Coahuila f  213'369 I  Saltillo 9,000 

Oajaca 525,938 Oajaca 25,000 

Puebla 658,609 .Puebla 75,000 

Queretaro 165,155 Queretaro 48,000 

San  Luis  Potosi 397,189 San  Luis 34,000 

Sinaloa 160,000 Culiacan 12,000 

Sonora, 139,374 Ures 7,000 

Tabasco 70,628 S  Juan  Batista 6,000 

Tamaulipas 109,673 Victoria. 6,000 

Tlascala 90,158 Tlascala 4,000 

Vera  Cruz 349,125 Vera  Cruz 10,000 

Yucatan |  fiftft  „„„  j  Merida 24,000 

Campeche poo,o^ ^  Campeche 15,500 

Zacatecas 296,789 Zacatecas.i 16,000 

Federal  District  of  Mexico  . . .  .269,534 Mexico. 200,000 

Territory  of  California 12,000 La  Paz 500 

Total 8,137,853 

The  statistics  of  races,  according  to  the  best  authorities,  is  as  follows :  1.  Whites  (including 
the  descendants  of  Spaniards  and  Indians  who  consider  themselves  white),  1,004,000 ;  2.  Indians, 
4,800,000;  3.  The  mixed  races  (Mestizoes,  Zambos,  Mulattoes,  &c.),  2,190,000;  4.  Negroes,  6,000. 

Government.  President,  BENITO  JUAREZ,  a  descendant  of  the  Indian  race  of  Tapatecos ; 
born  at  Ixtlan,  state  of  Oajaca,  1807 ;  elected  Deputy  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  1846 ; 
Governor  of  Oajaca,  1848-52;  exiled  by  Santa  Anna,  1853;  returned  to  Mexico,  1855;  Minister 
of  Justice,  1856-58 ;  of  the  Interior,  1858 ;  head  of  an  insurrection  against  President  Zuloaga, 
1858-59 ;  and  against  President  Miramon,  1859-61 ;  elected  President,  1861 ;  re-elected,  1867. 
Vice  President,  LERDO  DB  TEJADA. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-AMERICA.  531 

The  ministry  is  (Nov.  1868)  composed  of  the  following  members :  Foreign  Affairs,  Lerdo  de 
Tejada ;  Finances,  Matias  Romero ;  War  and  Navy,  Ignacio  Mejia ;  Interior,  Iglesias ;  Public 
Works,  Balcarcel ;  Justice,  Ignacio  Mariscal. 

The  Mexican  constitution  bears  date  October  4, 1824.  It  was  suspended  by  the  French  in 
1863,  but  re-established  in  1867.  By  its  terms  Mexico  is  declared  a  federative  republic,  each 
state  managing  its  own  local  affairs.  The  Congress  consists  of  two  houses.  The  members 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  are  elected  by  each  state  at  the  rate  of  one  member  for  80,000 
inhabitants,  for  a  term  of  two  years,  must  be  25  years  of  age,  and  have  resided  eight  years  in  the 
state.  The  Senate  consists  of  two  members  for  each  state,  who  must  be  at  least  thirty  years 
of  age  and  elected  by  a  plurality  of  votes  in  the  state  congress.  The  members  of  both  houses 
receive  salaries  of  two  thousand  dollars  a  year.  The  President  and  Vice  President  are  elected 
for  a  term  of  four  years.  Congress  meets  annually  from  January  1  to  April  15,  and  a  council 
of  government,  consisting  of  the  Vice  President  and  half  the  senate  sits  during  the  recesses 
of  Congress.  The  legislatures  of  the  several  states  are  similar  to  that  of  the  republic. 

Finances.  The  revenue  for  1866  was  estimated  at  $16,500,000 ;  the  expenditures  at  $29,500,- 
000;  the  deficit  at  $13,000,000  ;  the  actual  deficit  proved  to  be  much  larger.  The  Mexican  debt, 
August  1, 1865,  was  as  follows : 

CapiUl.  An'l  Interest. 

Old  English  three  per  cent,  loan,  as  per  settlement  of  1851 £10,241,650  £307,205 

Three  per  cent,  stock,  created  1864,  for  overdue  coupons  of  old  loan 4,864,800  145,944 

Six  per  cent.  Anglo-French  loan  of  1864 12,365,000  741,900 

Sixper  cent,  lottery  loan  of  1865 10,000,000 

Interest,  £600,000 ;  lottery  prizes,  £120,000 ;  sinking  fund,  £250,000 970,000 

Six  per  cent.  Mexican  debt,  about 7,000,000  420,000 

Admitted  claims  of  foreigners,  bearing  interest  at  six  per  cent 6,000,000  360,000 

Amount  due  to  French  government  for  war  expenses,  March  31,  1865 13,000,000 

Annual  pay't  to  France  on  acct.  of  war  expenses,  as  per  Paris  convention.  1,000,000 

Total £63,471,450  £3,945,049 

The  present  Government  does  not  recognize  any  portion  of  the  above  liabilities,  except  the 
six  per  cent,  internal  Mexican  debt,  the  interest  of  which  has  not  been  paid  for  a  number 
of  years. 

Commerce.  In  1856,  the  total  imports  of  Mexico  were  valued  at  twenty-six  millions,  and 
the  exports  at  twenty-eight  millions  of  dollars.  There  are  no  official  accounts  of  recent  date 
concerning  the  trade  of  Mexico.  The  imports  of  the  port  of  Tampico  were,  in  1864,  $3,342,020 ; 
in  1865,  $3,970,045 ;  and  in  1866,  $847,806. 

The  great  staple  of  Mexican  export  trade  is  silver.  The  annual  produce  of  silver  in  the  chief 
mining  districts  is  given  as  follows :  Zacatecas,  $6,000,000;  Guanajuato,  $2,000,000 ;  San  Luis 
Potosi,  $500,000  ;  Guadalajara,  $600,000  ;  Mexico,  $1,000,000  ;  Durango,  $1,000,000.  Total, 
$11,500,000;  add  bars  of  silver  exported  secretly,  $1,000,000;  total,  $13,600,000.  The  richest  of 
all  the  mines  now  worked  are  those  of  Real  del  Monte  and  Pachuca,  situated  about  sixty  miles 
from  the  city  of  Mexico.  There  is  a  Mineria,  or  school  of  mines,  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  which 
has  received  the  support  of  all  the  succeeding  governments. 

A  line  of  Railway,  (The  National  Mexican),  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  city  of  Mexico,  was  com 
menced  in  1864.  The  army  was  in  July,  1867,  estimated  at  from  30  to  35,000  men.  It  was  to 
be  reduced  by  18,000  men. 


10.    PARAGUAY. 

Capital,  Asuncion.    Area,  126,352  square  miles.    Population,  1,337,431. 

History-  First  arrival  of  the  Spaniards,  1515 ;  long  and  obstinate  resistance  of  the  natives ; 
arrival  of  the  Jesuits,  1608;  administration  of  the  Jesuits  until  1758;  beginning  of  the  war  of 
independence  under  Francia,  1811 ;  Francia  Dictator,  1811-1840 ;  Carlos  Antonio  Lopez,  Presi 
dent,  1844—1862 ;  Francisco  Solano  Lopez,  President  from  1862. 

A  large  territory  west  of  the  Paraguay,  the  Gran  Chaco,  is  claimed  at  the  same  time  by  Para 
guay,  Bolivia,  and  the  Argentine  Republic.  In  1857,  the  capital  had  48,000  inhabitants. 

Government.  President,  FRANCISCO  SOLANO  LOPEZ.  Official  accounts  of  revenue  and  ex 
penditures  are  not  published.  One  of  the  chief  sources  of  public  income  is  from  the  sale  of  the 
yerba  mate  (Paraguay  tea),  and  other  products  of  the  land  belonging  to  the  government,  which 
is  about  one-half  of  the  entire  territory  of  the  republic.  It  yielded  in  1859,  8,161,323  francs ; 
customs,  stamps  and  other  duties,  the  rent  of  public  lands,  in  the  same  year,  4,280,000  francs ; 


532  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

total  sums  of  revenue  in  that  year,  12,441,323  francs.  A  public  debt  was  heretofore  unknown ; 
but  in  March,  1865,  the  President  was  authorized  by  the  National  Congress  to  contract  a  loan 
of  £5,000,000. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  standing  army  is  15,000  men;  the  reserve,  46,000  men.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  war  against  Brazil  and  her  allies  in  1865,  President  Lopez  was  reported  as 
having  in  a  short  time  organized  an  effective  army  of  68,000  men.  In  1868,  he  was  reported  to 
have  reinforced  his  army  by  an  army  corps  of  women.  The  navy,  in  1864,  (according  to  the 
Buenos  Ayres  Standard),  was  composed  of  3  brigs,  21  steamers,  15  small  gunboats,  partly 
iron-clad,  each  carrying  one  80-pounder  Armstrong  gun. 

Commerce.  The  imports,  in  1859  (according  to  a  communication  to  the  Moniteurof  Paris), 
amounted  to  8,833,000  francs;  the  exports  to  7,703,000  francs;  the  number  of  arrivals  and  clear 
ances,  together,  to  412  vessels,  of  16,650  tons. 


11.    PERU. 

Capital,  Lima.    Area,  510,107  square  miles.    Population,  2,500,000, 

History.  Foundation  of  a  Peruvian  Empire,  in  the  12th  century  ;  landing  of  the  Spaniards 
under  Pizarro,  1526  ;  gradual  conquest  of  the  Empire  ;  temporary  independence  of  Spain  ,•  re- 
establishment  of  the  Spanish  authority,  1547 ;  beginning  of  the  war  of  independence,  1810 ; 
declaration  of  independence,  1821. 

The  greater  number  of  the  inhabitants  are  descendants  of  Spaniards  mixed  with  Indians.  Ac 
cording  to  Paz  Soldan  (Geografia  del  Peru,  Paris,  1862),  the  population,  exclusive  of  uncivilized 
Indians  (of  whom  there  are  about  400,000)  was  2,355,000. 

Government.  President,  JOSE  BALTA,  elected  July  18,  1868.  A  new  constitution  was 
adopted  in  1867.  The  President  is  elected  for  a  term  of  five  years.  The  Senate  consists  of  two 
members  from  each  department ;  the  House  of  Representatives  of  one  member  for  each  20,000 
inhabitants.  The  parochial  electoral  colleges  choose  deputies  to  the  provincial  electoral  col 
leges  which,  in  turn,  send  deputies  to  Congress.  The  public  exercise  of  any  religion,  gave  the 
Roman  Catholic,  is  prohibited.  The  new  constitution  was  adopted  by  forty-three  against  forty 
votes,  while  the  provision  that  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  should  be  the  religion  of  the  state 
and,  as  such,  protected  and  maintained  by  the  state,  was  passed  by  a  unanimous  vote. 

The  Ministry,  appointed  by  President  Balta  in  August  1868,  is  composed  as  follows  :  Interior 
and  Presidency,  Pedro  Galvez ;  Foreign  Affairs,  Jose  A.  Barrenechea ;  Justice,  Teodoro  La 
Rosa,  (November,  1868) ;  Commerce,  Francisco  Garcia  Calderon  ;  War  and  Navy,  F.  Balta. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  1867,  as  voted  by  the  House  of  Representatives,  was  as  follows : 
Revenue,  £2,689,083;  expenditure,  £3,105,421;  deficit,  £416,338.  The  chief  source  of  income 
is  the  sale  of  gnano,  but  the  proceeds  are  for  several  years  in  advance  pledged  to  the  creditors 
of  the  state.  The  public  debt  July  1, 1866.  was  $108,458,760. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  Peruvian  army  in  1866,  was  composed  as  follows :  Infantry,  8,400 ; 
Cavalry,  1,200;  Artillery,  1,000;  Gensd'armes,  5,408;  total,  16,008. 

The  navy  consisted,  in  1866,  of  the  steamers  Callao,  thirty  68-pounders ;  Chalaco,  four  68-pound- 
ers ;  Tumbez,  four  32-pounders ;  Chanchamaya,  two  32-pounders ;  Colon,  two  guns ;  two  steam 
corvettes,  America  and  Union,  with  14  rifled  guns  each ;  the  iron  clads  Loa,  two  100-pounders ; 
Victoria  (monitor),  with  two  68-pounders ;  the  iron-clad  frigate  Independencia,  with  fourteen 
rifled  cannon  ;  and  the  Huascar,  with  two  300-ponnders  and  two  40-pounders. 

Commerce.  The  imports  of  1865  amounted  to  about  $35,000,000;  exports  to  $40,290,048. 
The  number  of  vessels  which  entered  the  ports  of  Peru  in  1865,  was  1,436,  amounting  to  926,977 
tons ;  the  number  of  vessels  cleared  was  1,316,  amounting  to  884,471  tons.  The  merchant  navy, 
in  1861,  numbered  110  sea-going  vessels,  of  24,234  tons. 


12.    SAN  DOMINGO. 

Capital,  San  Domingo.  Area,  17,826  square  miles.  Population,  136,500. 
History.  For  some  prominent  facts  in  the  past  history,  see  Hayti ;  re-annexation  to  Spain, 
1861 ;  insurrection,  1863-65.  Spain  acknowledges  the  independence  of  San  Domingo,  May  6, 
1865.  Since  then  almost  uninterrupted  civil  war.  Provisional  President  since  1867,  Buenaven 
tura  Baez.  The  population  is  composed  chiefly  of  mulattoes  and  whites.  The  annual  imports 
and  exports  are  estimated  at  about  6,000,000  francs  each.  The  number  of  vessels  annually 
entering  the  ports  of  San  Domingo  and  Puerto  Plata  is  from  100  to  120. 


1869.] 


FOREIGN  STATES— AMERICA. 

13.    URUGUAY. 


533 


Capital,  Montevideo.    Area,  66,716  square  miles.    Population,  350,000. 

History.  Declaration  of  independence  by  the  delegates  assembled  in  the  city  of  La  Florida, 
August  25,  1825 ;  recognition  of 'Uruguay  as  an  independent  republic  by  the  treaty  of  Monte 
video,  between  Brazil  and  Buenos  Ayres,  October  4, 1828 ;  proclamation  of  the  constitution, 
July  18, 1830. 

Population  of  the  capital,  in  1860,  37,7S7,  and  in  1862,  after  annexation  of  Cordon  and  Aguada, 
45,765.  According  to  a  circular  of  Minister  Herrera,  in  1863,  the  population  of  the  republic 
amounted  to  350,000,  among  whom  were  150,000  foreigners. 

Government.  President,  LORENZO  BATTLE,  since  February.  1868 ;  formerly  minister  of  war. 
The  ministry  is  divided  into  four  departments:  Foreign  affairs,  interior,  finances,  and  war. 
The  sessions  of  the  legislature  generally  extend  from  February  15  to  the  end  of  June.  During 
the  adjournment  a  permanent  commission  of  two  senators  and  five  members  of  the  lower  house 
remains  in  session.  The  President  is  elected  for  the  term  of  four  years. 

Finances.  A  budget  extending  from  July  1, 1860,  to  December  31,  1861,  gives  the  estimated 
receipts  and  expenditures  both  at  $3,579,802.  In  consequence  of  the  almost  uninterrupted 
civil  war,  no  budgets  have  since  been  published.  The  public  debt  in  February,  1862,  amounted 
to  $20,000,000. 

Army.  The  army,  in  1864,  was  composed  as  follows:  Garrison  of  the  capital,  1,300;  garri- 
eon  in  the  provinces,  1,500;  national  guard,  about  20,000  men.  For  the  war  against  Paraguay, 
which  Uruguay  undertook  together  with  Brazil  and  the  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay  con 
tributed  a  contingent  of  3,500  men ;  but  nearly  the  whole  of  this  force  was  soon  withdrawn,  as 
the  outbreak  of  a  new  civil  war  was  feared. 

Commerce.  The  imports  in  1862,  were  $8,151,802 ;  exports,  8,804,443.  In  1866,  the  imports 
amounted  to  $15,330,000 ;  exports,  $13,238,000.  The  revenue  from  customs  was,  in  1862,  $1,779,- 
898,  and  in  1866,  $3,293,924. 


14.    VENEZUELA. 

Capital,  Caracas.    Area,  368,235  square  miles.    Population,  2,200,000. 

History.  Declaration  of  independence  by  Bolivar,  November  20,  1818 ;  meeting  of  the  first 
congress,  February  15,  1819;  proclamation  of  the  Republic  of  Colombia  (New  Granada  and 
Venezuela),  December  25,  1819;  Venezuela  seceded  and  constituted  itself  an  independent 
republic,  November,  1829 ;  independence  recognized  by  Spain,  March  30, 1845. 

Government.  Provisional  President,  JOSE  TADEO  MONAGAS,  elected  August,  1868 ;  (died 
November,  1868).  A  new  constitution  was  adopted  in  1863. 

Finances.  The  public  revenue,  in  1858,  was  20,525,275  francs;  expenditures,  20,525,275 
francs ;  the  public  debt,  in  1859,  amounted  to  114,128,100  francs,  9,517,035  being  interior,  and 
104,611,065  external  debt. 

The  army,  in  1858,  consisted  of  10,000  men ;  the  navy  of  two  steam  frigates  and  four  schooners. 
The  imports,  in  1856,  were  valued  at  27,985,644  francs ;  the  exports,  at  32,180,520  francs. 


15.    BRITISH  POSSESSIONS. 
SUMMARY  OF  THE  BRITISH  POSSESSIONS  IN  AMERICA. 

The  following  table  gives  the  area  and  population  of  each  of  the  colonies  and  dependencies  of 
Great  Britain  in  America,  as  well  as  the  revenue,  expenditure,  imports  and  exports  of  each. 

The  Hudson's  Bay  Territory  is  not  included.    Negotiations  for  its  annexation  to  the  Dominion 
of  Canada  have  been  begun,  but  not  concluded. 


Colonies  and  Dependencies. 

Squire  miles. 

Inhabitants. 

Income. 

Expenses. 

Import.. 

Exports. 

Canada  (1865) 

&31,280 
27,037 
18,671 
2,173 
40,200 
200,000 

2,881,862 
252,047 
330,857 
84,386 
122,638 
13,671 

£2,442,090 
170,450 
260,670 
45,360 
130,448 
205,000 

£2,685,482 
189,679 
220,471 
50,631 
156,454 
242,040 

£9,295,931 
1,476,374 
2,876,332 
381,015 
1,104,084 
1,092,031 

£8,850,240 
1,153,068 
1,766,139 
290,546 
1,144,375 
153,730 

New  Brunswick  
Nova  Scotia  
Prince  Edward's  Island  
N°w  Foundland 

British  Columbia  
Total 

619,361 

3,692,461 

£3,254,019 

£3,534,760 

£16,225,767 

£13,359,098 

684  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

SUMMARY  OF  THE  BRITISH  POSSESSIONS. —  Continued. 


Colonies  and  Dependencies. 

Square  miles. 

Inhabitants. 

Income. 

Expenses. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Bahamas 

3,021 

35,487 
4,372 
441,264 
6,051 
24,440 
9,822 
87,120 
7,645 
25,666 
29,444 
31,755 
15,727 
36,230 
15,410 
84,438 
155,026 

£84,487 
11,884 
295,398 
1,854 
25,076 
7,925 
40,464 
3,463 
13,272 
12,727 
19,000 
98,870 
20,342 
8,759 
220,313 
309,372 

£78,549 
11,019 
314,296 
1,892 
22,259 
8,060 
89,768 
4,002 
12,787 
12,301 
18,441 
99,384 
19,069 
1,006 
222,285 
300,894 

£1,470,467 
80,549 
1,050,984 
8,638 
151,394 
37,176 
160,571 
15,705 
52,374 
70,758 
121,145 
953,335 
114,111 
47,487 
810,347 
1,359,292 

£2,063,474 
62,004 
912,004 
8,637 
196,175 
36,651 
192,632 
20,916 
53,181 
107,321 
147,854 
1,161,161 
118,045 
46,762 
820,109 
2,089,639 

Turks  Island  

Jamaica               .        

6,400 
57 
103 
50 
183 
47 
291 
250 
131 
166 
133 
97 
1,754 
76,000 

Virgin  Islands 

St  Cristopher 

Nevis,  
Antigua  with  Barbuda  

Moutserrat  

Dominica  

St.  Lucia                           

St  Vincent 

Barbados  

Grenada                 .        

Tobago 

Trinidad  
British  Guiana  

Total  West  Indies       .... 

88,683 
24 
13,500 
7,000 

1,105,402 
11,451 
25,635 
592 

£1,173,206 
24,496 
26,530 
10,551 

£1,175,067 
85,627 
25,614 
8,616 

£6,504,423 
200,983 
210,675 
15,040 

£8,036,565 
40,239 
323,170 
17,325 

Bermudas 

Honduras    

Falkland  Islands  

DOMINION  OF  CANADA. 
Capital,  Ottawa.    Area,  376,988  square  miles.    Population,  3,464,766. 

History.  The  old  province  of  Quebec  was,  in  1791,  divided  into  the  two  Governments  of 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  with  representative  institutions  for  each.  In  1840,  the  two  provinces 
were  reunited  into  the  province  of  Canada,  and  the  legislative  councils  consolidated.  On  Sept. 
1, 1864,  delegates  appointed  by  the  Governments  of  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward's  Island,  met  at  Charlottetown  to  confer  as  to  the  practicability  of  establishing  a  legis 
lative  union  between  the  maritime  provinces.  Canadian  delegates  were  informally  present.  A 
legislative  union  of  the  maritime  provinces  was  found  by  the  conference  to  be  impracticable, 
but  the  delegates  were  unanimoiwly  of  opinion  that  a  union  on  a  larger  basis  (inclusive  of 
Canada)  might  be  effective.  The  subject  was  fully  discussed  at  the  Inter-Colonial  Conference 
of  Quebec,  which  was  opened  October  10, 1864,  and  consisted  of  7  delegates  from  New  Bruns 
wick,  5  from  Nova  Scotia,  7  from  Prince  Edward's  Island,  2  from  New  Foundland,  and  12  from 
Canada.  The  conference  lasted  18  days,  and  adopted  the  "Seventy  Two  Resolutions"  as  a 
plan  of  union.  The  Legislative  Council  of  Canada,  February  20, 1865,  adopted  a  resolution,  by 
45  to  15  votes,  to  petition  the  Queen  for  a  legislative  union  of  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New  Bruns 
wick,  New  Foundland,  Prince  Edward's  Island,  into  one  Government.  The  same  resolution 
was  passed  by  the  House  of  Assembly  on  the  10th  of  March,  by  a  vote  of  91  (54  Upper  Canada,  37 
Lower  Canada)to  33(25  Lower  Canada,  8  Upper  Canada).  NewBrunswick,  in  1865,  chose  a  House 
of  Assembly  hostile  to  the  Quebec  scheme ;  but  in  1866,  at  a  new  election,  the  Confederation ists 
obtained  a  majority  and  union  resolutions  passed  the  House  of  Assembly  by  31  to  8.  The  Nova 
Scotia  House  of  Assembly,  in  1866,  issued  union  resolutions  by  a  vote  of  31  to  18.  Prince 
Edward's  Island  repudiated  the  action  of  the  delegates  and  declared  against  union.  New  Found- 
land  declared  against  any  immediate  action  on  the  subject.  The  Legislature  of  British  Colum 
bia,  in  1866,  expressed  a  desire  to  be  admitted  into  the  Confederation.  In  December  1866,  dele 
gates  from  Canada,  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia,  met  in  London  to  draft  a  Constitution. 
The  English  House  of  Lords  passed  a  bill  for  the  Confederation  of  the  Provinces,  February 
26, 1867 ;  the  House  of  Commons  March  8,  and  March  28  it  received  the  royal  sanction.  A  royal 
proclamation  of  May  22,  declared  that  the  Dominion  of  Canada  should  commence  its  existence 
on  July  1, 1867.  Serious  opposition  to  the  Confederation  was  shown  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  at  the 
election  of  a  new  legislature,  the  anti-Confederationists  carried  almost  every  district. 

Government.  Governor  General,  Sir  JOHN  YOUNG,  appointed,  1868.  The  Cabinet,  ap 
pointed  July  1, 1867 :  President  of  the  Council,  Hon.  ADAM  T.  FERGUSON  BLAIR;  Minister  of 
Justice,  Sir  JOHN  A.  MACDONALD;  Minister  of  Finance,  Hon.  A.  T.  GALT  ;  Minister  of  Militia, 
Hon.  G.  E.  CAR-TIER;  Minister  of  Customs,  Hon.  S.  L.  TILLET;  Minister  of  Excise,  Hon.  WILLIAM 
HOWLAND  ;  Minister  of  Public  Works,  Hon.  W.  M'DOUGALL  ;  Minister  of  Marine  and  Fisheries, 
Hon.  P.  MITCHELL  ;  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Hon.  JEAN  C.  CHAPALS  ;  Secretary  for  Canada,  Hon. 
HECTOR  L.  LANGEVIN;  Secretary  for  the  Provinces,  Hon.  T.  ARCHIBALD;  Postmaster  General, 
Hon.  ALEXANDER  CAMPBELL  ;  Heceiver  General,  Hon.  JOHN  KENNY. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-AMERICA.  535 

F  The  executive  is  vested  in  a  Governor  General,  styled  "  Governor  General  of  British  North 
America,"  and  appointed  by  the  crown.  He  has  a  salary  of  £7,000  per  annum,  and  holds  au 
thority  in  the  name  of  the  sovereign  of  Great  Britain.  The  Governor  General  has  the  power  to 
give  or  withhold  the  royal  assent  to  bills  passed  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Assembly,  or  to 
reserve  the  same  till  the  royal  pleasure  be  expressed.  Such  bills  as  are  assented  to  by  the  gov 
ernor  in  the  name  of  the  crown  are,  nevertheless,  subject  to  disallowance  by  the  sovereign, 
within  two  years  after  the  receipt  of  authentic  copies  by  one  of  the  principal  secretaries  of 
state  in  Great  Britain ;  and  no  bills,  reserved  for  the  consideration  of  the  crown,  can  have  any 
force,  unless  the  royal  assent  be  signified  within  two  years  after  they  have  been  presented  to 
the  Governor  General. 

By  the  act  of  Confederation  of  1867,  the  legislative  authority  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  is 
vested  in  a  Parliament  of  two  houses,  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Assembly.  The  former 
consists  of  thirty-nine  membere,  nominated  for  life  by  the  Governor,  and  of  the  same  number 
elected  by  the  people.  At  the  first  organization  of  the  Canadian  Confederation,  the  total  of  the 
78  members  of  its  Senate-— 48  for  Canada,  18  for  Nova  Scotia,  and  12  for  New  Brunswick— were 
nominated  by  the  crown.  The  House  of  Assembly  comprises  181  members— 82  for  Upper 
Canada,  65  for  Lower  Canada,  19  for  Nova  Scotia,  and  15  for  New  Brunswick.  Members  of  the 
House  of  Assembly  must  be  possessed  of  freehold  property  of  tho  value  of  £800.  Electors  in 
counties  are  required  to  be  possessed  of,  or  to  occupy,  property  of  the  assessed  actual  value  of 
£50,  or  the  yearly  value  of  £5 ;  while  electors  in  towns  must  be  possessed  of,  or  occupy, 
property  of  the  yearly  value  of  £7.  10s.  Members  of  the  House  of  Assembly,  during  session, 
have  an  allowance  from  the  pubjic  funds.  Clergymen  of  all  denominations  are  ineligible.  The 
House  is  elected  for  four  years,  but  may  be  previously  dissolved  by  the  Governor,  in  which  case 
a  new  election  must  take  place  immediately.  At  least  one  session  must  be  held  annually. 

All  proceedings  and  records  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  are  ordered  to  be  kept,  by  the  act  of 
1840,  in  the  English  language  only.  The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Assembly  is  elected  by  the 
members,  while  the  president  of  the  Senate  is  appointed  by  the  crown  for  life. 

Army.  In  addition  to  the  troops  maintained  by  the  English  Government,  Canada  has  a  large 
volunteer  force,  and  an  enrolled  militia,  numbering  about  200,000  men,  rank  and  file.  The  militia 
is  divided  into  three  classes,  namely,  first  class  service  men,  comprising  unmarried  men  and 
widowers  without  children  between  18  and  45 ;  second  class  service,  married  men  and  widowers 
with  children,  between  same  ages ;  third  class  service  men,  those  between  45  and  60.  The 
present  volunteer  force  of  Canada  consists  of  10,615  infantry,  1,687  artillery,  1,615  cavalry,  and 
202  engineers. 

Statistics  of  Population.  The  population  of  the  Colonies  now  comprised  in  the  Domin 
ion  of  Canada  was  3,464,766,  in  1865;  in  January,  1861,  it  was  as  follows: 

Males.  Females.  Total. 

Upper  Canada  (now  Ontario) 925,575 670,516 1,396,091 

Lower  Canada,  (now  Quebec) 567,864 543,702 1,111,566 

New  Brunswick 129,948 122,099 252,047 

Nova  Scotia 165,584 165,273 


Total 1,788,971 1,501,590 3,090,561 

The  annual  rate  of  increase  during  the  deceunium  from  1851  to  1861  was  4.34  per  cent,  for 
Ontario,  2.50  per  cent,  for  Quebec,  2.60  per  cent,  for  New  Brunswick,  1.82  per  cent,  for  Nova 
Scotia,  2.07  per  cent,  for  Prince  Edward's  Island.  At  this  rate  of  increase,  and  making  estimates 
for  the  remainder  of  British  North  America,  (New  Foundland,  British  Columbia,  Hudson's 
Bay  Territory),  in  1961  the  population  will  be  79,957,000. 

INDIAN  POPULATION.  FRENCH   POPULATION. 

Ontario 7,841  Ontario 33,287 

Quebec 4,876  Quebec 847,320 

New  Brunswick 1,212  New  Brunswick 25,000 

Nova  Scotia 1,407  Nova  Scotia 20,859 

Prince  Edward's  Island 350  Prince  Edward's  Island 10,000 

New  Foundland New  Foundland 20,000 

British  Columbia  and  Vancouver's  Isl..  .23,000  British  Columbia  and  Vancouver's  Isl. .    2,000 

Hudson's  Bay  Territory 80,000  Hudson's  Bay  Territory 10,000 


Total 118,686  Total 

The  density  of  population  is  as  follows : 

Ontario '. ....IStosq.  m.  Prince  Edward's  Island 44  to  sq.  m. 

New  Brunswick 10       ':  New  Foundland 3       " 

Quebec 6       "  British  Columbia  and  Vancou- 

Nova  Scotia  ....21       "  ver's  Island 1  to   5      " 

The  Dominion ..10       "  Hudson's  Bay  Territory.  ..1  to  50      " 


536 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


Productions.    The  average  total  quantity  and  value  of  the  yearly  raw  products  of  the 
Dominion  are  about  as  follows : 
Grain,  viz : ....  Wheat ...  ...  30,000,000  bushels. 

Barley 8,000,000 

Oats 50,000,000 

Buckwheat 4,000,000 

Indian  Cora 3,000,000 

Rye 2,000,000 

97,000,000  bushels.         Value,  $60,000,000 

Peas,etc 15,000,000       "  "        12,000,000 

Roots,  viz: Potatoes 50,000,000  bushels. 

Turnips,  etc 25,000,000 

75,000,000        "  "        25,000,000 

Hay 2,500,000    tons.  "        25,000,000 

Butter  and  Cheese 75,000,000    Ibs.  "        10,000,000 

Meats,  viz  : ...  .Mutton 250,000,000    Ibs. 

Beef 200,000,000      " 

Pork 150,000,000      " 

600,000,000      "  "        35,000,000 

Pish 80.000,000      "  "          3,500,000 

Lumber,  viz : . .  Oak 1,500,000  cubic  feet. 

Elm 1,500,000 

White  Pine 25,000,000 

Red 4,000,000 

Tamarac  and  Spruce 2,000,000 

Miscellaneous 1,000,000 

35,000,000  cubic  feet.      Value,  $30,000,000 

Wool 10,000,000    Ibs.  "          5,000,000 

Miscellaneous "         5,000,000 


Total "    $210,500,000 

JAMAICA. 

This  is  the  largest  of  the  British  possessions  in  the  West  Indies.  The  area  is  6,400  square 
miles ;  the  entire  coast  line,  500  miles.  It  is  divided  into  three  counties,  Middlesex,  Surrey, 
and  Cornwall,  and  these  are  subdivided  into  sixteen  parishes  ;  the  former  number  (twenty-two), 
having  been  recently  reduced  by  the  union  of  some  of  the  smaller  parishes  with  larger  ones. 

The  population,  according  to  the  latest  census  taken,  was  441,264,  of  which  13,816  were  whites, 
81,074  of  mixed  blood,  and  346,374  blacks.  The  increase  from  1844  to  1861,  was  63,a31. 

Since  the  abolition  of  the  representative  institutions,  by  the  vote  of  the  old  Legislature,  the 
colony  is  governed  as  a  crown  colony,  the  administration  being  carried  on  by  the  Governor  with 
the  assistance  of  three  executive  officers,  receiving  their  appointments  from  England.  There 
is,  besides,  a  Legislative  Council,  consisting  of  thirteen  members,  inclusive  of  the  Governor, 
who  is  president.  Of  the  other  twelve,  six  are  official  and  six  unofficial,  but  all  are  nominated 
by,and  subject  to  removal  at  the  will  of,  the  Crown. 

The  principal  exports  of  the  island  are  sugar,  rum,  coffee,  pimento,  ginger,  and  dye-woods. 
The  revenue  for  1867,  amounted  to  $1,477,420,  showing  a  deficiency  of  $281,555.  This  deficiency 
is  accounted  for  by  the  falling  off  in  the  two  most  important  branches  of  revenue — customs  and 
excise— the  former  having  fallen  below  the  estimates,  $149,115 ;  the  latter,  $138,195. 


16.    DANISH  POSSESSIONS. 

Square  mile..  Inhabitants. 

Greenland,  (North  America) 759,814 10,000 

St.  Thomas  and  St.  John,  (West  Indies) 45 15,037 

St.  Croix,  (West  Indies) 74 23,194 


Total 759,933 48,231 

In  1867  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John  were  sold  to  the  United  States,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year 
1868,  the  purchase  had  not  been  ratified  by  Congress. 

Only  a  small  portion  of  Greenland  has  ever  been  explored.  The  population  given  above  is 
that  of  the  13  Danish  colonies  (districts).  Of  the  population  outside  of  these  colonies  no  reliable 
estimate  can  be  formed.  The  number  of  Europeans  is  250.  The  colonies  are  divided  into  the 
two  inspectorates  of  South  and  North  Greenland ;  the  former  containing  six  and  the  latter 
seven  districts.  The  number  of  European  settlements  is  38 ;  besides  these  there  are  two  Mis 
sionary  stations.  Most  of  them  are  established  on  the  western  coast.  The  principal  villages 
are  Frederick's  Harbor,  Julian's  Harbor,  Upernavik,  and  Good  Hope. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— AMERICA.  537 

17.    DUTCH  POSSESSIONS. 

Square  miles.  Inhabitant*. 

Dutch  Guiana,  (South  America) 62,747 59,078 

Curacoaand  other  Islands,  (Aruba,  part  of  St.  Martin, 

Bonaire,  St.  Eustache,  Saba;  West  Indies) 368 33,443 

Total ...  63,115 92,521 


18.    FRENCH  POSSESSIONS. 

Square  miles.  Inhabitants. 

Martinique,  (West  Indies) 381 137,673 

Guadeloupe  and  Dependencies,  (West  Indies) 635 149,331 

Guiana,  (South  America) , 35,080 25,137 

St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  (North  America) 81 3,536 

Total...  ...36,177...  ...315,677 


19.    SPANISH  POSSESSIONS. 

Square  miles.  Inhabitants. 

Cuba  and  adjacent  islands 48,489 1,396,530 

Porto  Rico  and  adjacent  islands 3,596 583,308 

Total 52,085 1,979,838 

CUBA. 

This  is  the  most  important  island  of  the  western  hemisphere.  Its  greatest  length  is  750 
miles ;  its  breadth  varies  from  130  to  25  miles,  and  its  total  area  is  48,489  square  miles,  being 
nearly  equal  to  the  area  of  Belgium,  Holland,  Denmark,  and  Switzerland  taken  together.  It 
has  a  soil  of  the  utmost  fertility,  yielding  many  of  the  most  precious  articles  of  commerce  ;  in 
the  mineral  kingdom  its  resources  are  considerable,  its  copper  mines  being  among  the  most 
productive  to  be  found  in  the  western  hemisphere.  The  island  has  now  twenty-seven  different 
lines  of  railway  of  a  total  length  of  over  800  miles,  and  the  construction  of  these  roads  has 
been  attended  with  an  extraordinary  extension  of  cultivation. 

The  population  of  Cuba  is  rapidly  increasing ;  it  had,  according  to  official  returns,  170,370 
inhabitants  in  1775;  272,140  in  1791 ;  551,993  in  1817;  704,487  in  1827  (311,051  whites,  106,494  free 
colored,  286,942  slaves)  ;  in  1846,  898,752  (425,767  white,  149,226  free  colored,  323,759  slaves) ;  in 
1862, 1,359,238  (764,750  white,  225,938  free  colored,  368,560  slaves).  From  1858  to  1S62,  9,462  slaves 
obtained  their  liberty  either  by  purchase  or  by  gift  of  their  masters.  Many  slaves  besides  were 
liberated  every  year  by  private  document,  and  many  children  of  slaves  were  registered  as  free, 
their  liberty  being  obtained  by  gift  of  the  masters  or  by  payment  of  $25  before  birth.  A  decree 
of  the  Provisional  Government  of  Spain,  in  October  1868,  provided  that  all  children  of  slaves, 
born  thereafter,  should  be  free.  Cuba  is  divided  into  three  provinces.  The  Government  is 
vested  in  a  Captain-General  who  is  the  military  commandant  of  the  whole  island,  and  the  civil 
governor  of  one  of  the  three  provinces.  The  chief  towns  of  Cuba  are  Havana,  Santiago, 
Matanzas,  Santa  Clara,  Santa  Maria,  and  Trinidad. 

AGRICULTURAL  PRODUCTIONS.  1836.  1862. 

Sugar arrobas 17,729,589 41,418,441 

Coffee "       1,470,754 741,542 

Tobacco cragas 168,094 305,626 

Indian  corn fanegas 942,491 2,179,724 

Rice   arrobas 929,658 1,747,474 

Wax "       32,326 68,420 

PORTO  Rico  is  thus  divided  in  population :— Pure  whites,  300,430;  free  colored,  241,142; 
slaves,  41,736.  The  exports,  in  1860,  were  valued  at  £1,100,000,  and  the  imports  at  £1,500,000. 


20.    SWEDISH  POSSESSIONS. 

Square  miles. 

St.  Bartholomew 16 

Ceded  by  France  to  Sweden  in  1784.    Its  shape  is  irregular ;  soil,  fertile,  though  the  island  is 
generally  destitute  of  fresh  water.    Products,  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton  and  cocoa. 


538  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

II.    EUROPE. 

1.  AREA— POPULATION— MOVEMENT  AND  DENSITY  OP  POPULATION— NATIONALITIES— THE 
GREAT  POWERS— FORMS  OF  GOVERNMENT— CIVILIZATION. 

The  total  area  of  Europe  is  estimated  at  3,781,280  square  miles ;  the  total 
population  at  293,083,000.  Among  the  large  divisions  of  the  world,  Europe 
occupies  the  fourth  place  in  point  of  area,  being  much  inferior  to  Asia, 
America  and  Africa,  and  superior  only  to  Australia  and  Polynesia.  In  point 
of  population,  it  occupies  the  second  place,  being  inferior  only  to  Asia,  and 
superior  to  Africa,  America  and  Australia. 

The  increase  of  population  during  the  last  century  has  been  very  rapid. 
In  1787  it  was  estimated  at  150,000,000 ;  at  present  it  exceeds  293,000,000. 
It  has  therefore  nearly  doubled  in  80  years,  notwithstanding  the  devastating 
wars  from  1793  to  1815,  of  1854,  1859  and  1866.  It  ranks  first  among  the 
large  divisions  of  the  world  in  density  of  population.  The  densest  popula 
tion  is  to  be  found  in  Belgium  and  the  kingdom  of  Saxony ;  the  thinnest  in 
Russia,  Sweden  and  Norway.  In  general,  western  Europe  is  more  densely 
peopled  than  eastern  Europe. 

Nearly  the  whole  population  of  Europe  belongs  to  the  Caucasian  race,  using 
the  Indo-European  class  of  languages,  and  in  particular,  one  of  the  three  chief 
branches — the  Germanic,  Greco-Latin,  and  Slavic.  The  former  embraces  the 
Germans,  the  Scandinavians  and  the  Anglo-Saxons.  The  Greco-Latin  branch 
comprises  the  Greeks,  Rumanians,  Italians,  French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  and 
Albanians.  The  Slavi,  who  occupy  the  whole  of  eastern  Europe,  embrace 
the  Russians,  Poles,  Czechi,  Moravians,  Croats,  Slavonians,  Wends,  Servians, 
Bulgarians.  The  population  of  Ireland,  northern  and  middle  Scotland, 
Wales,  and  the  Bretagne  (in  France),  is  of  Celtic  origin  ;  but  the  Celtic  lan 
guage  has  to  a  large  extent  disappeared,  and  politically  the  Celts  have  been 
absorbed  by,  or  are  at  least  subject  to  other  races.  The  Magyars  in  Hun 
gary,  the  Szeklers  in  Transylvania,  the  Finns  in  Finland,  the  Lapps,  the 
Esthonians  and  a  number  of  smaller  tribes  in  European  Russia  bdong  to  the 
Finnish  branch  of  Indo-Europeans.  The  Basques  in  the  Pyrenees  are  re 
garded  as  the  descendants  of  the  Iberians,  the  primitive  inhabitants  of  Spain. 
Of  the  political  divisions  of  Europe,  Germany,  Great  Britain,  Sweden,  Nor 
way,  Denmark,  Holland  and  the  great  majority  of  the  cantons  of  Switzer 
land  are  Germanic  countries :  in  Austria,  the  Germanic  nationality  prevails 
in  the  provinces  of  Austria  above  the  Ens,  Austria  below  the  Ens,  Salzburg, 
Styria,  Carinthia,  the  Tyrol,  and  Silesia ;  in  Russia,  the  three  Baltic  provin 
ces,  Livonia,  Esthonia  and  Courland,  are  under  the  predominant  influence  of 
the  Germanic  nationality,  although  the  Germans  do  not  constitute  a  majority 
of  the  population ;  in  Belgium  about  four-sevenths  are  Germans.  States  in 
which  the  Greco-Latin  languages  prevail  are  France,  Italy,  Spain,  Portugal, 
Greece,  Rumania  (a  dependency  of  Turkey),  and  the  cantons  of  south-western 
Switzerland.  To  the  same  family  belong  three- sevenths  of  the  Belgians  and 
a  part  of  the  Tyrol.  The  only  Slavic  Empire  is  Russia  ;  but  the  Slavi  also 
prevail  in  Servia  and  Montenegro  (Turkish  dependencies),  in  the  Turkish 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


539 


provinces  of  Bosnia  and  Bulgaria,  and  in  the  Austrian  provinces  of  Bohemia, 
Moravia,  Carniola,  Goritz,  Istria,  Gallicia,  Bukovina,  Dalmatia,  Croatia.  In 
general,  the  Slavi  constitute  the  majority  of  the  population  of  European 
Turkey,  and  nearly  one-half  of  the  total  population  of  Austria.  In  Hun 
gary,  Magyars  are  the  dominant  race,  and  in  Turkey  the  Turks ;  but  the 
Turks  do  not  constitute  a  majority  of  the  total  population  in  European  Tur 
key,  nor  are  the  Magyars  a  majority  of  population  in  the  countries  belong 
ing  to  the  Hungarian  crown.  With  the  exception  of  about  three  and  a  half 
millions  of  Jews,  six  and  a  half  millions  of  Mohammedans,  and  about  five 
hundred  thousand  pagans,  the  inhabitants  of  Europe  belong  to  the  Christian 
religion.  (For  details  see  the  tables  of  Religious  Statistics.) 

The  countries  of  Europe  have  for  many  centuries  been  at  the  head  of 
civilization,  and  no  country  outside  of  Europe,  can  compare  with  its  leading 
powers  in  this  particular,  except  the  United  States.  No  part  of  Europe 
is  a  dependency  of  a  non-European  power,  while  the  whole  of  Australia,  the 
larger  portion  of  Asia,  and  a  considerable  part  of  America,  Africa  and  Poly 
nesia  are  possessions  and  dependencies  of  European  powers.  (See  America, 
Asia,  Africa,  and  Polynesia.}  France,  Great  Britain,  Austria,  Russia  and 
Prussia  are  commonly  called  the  Great  Powers,  wThich  from  time  to  time 
meet  in  European  Conferences  for  the  pacific  solution  of  great  European 
complications.  Of  late  Italy  has  commonly  been  admitted  to  these  Con 
ferences. 

There  are  in  Europe  four  empires,  (France,  Austria,  Russia,  and  Turkey)  ; 
thirteen  kingdoms  (including  Spain  and  counting  Sweden  and  Norway  as 
one)  ;  one  ecclesiastical  State,  (the  States  of  the  Church)  ;  7  Grand  Duchies, 
5  Duchies,  8  Principalities  (not  including  Rumania  and  Servia,  which  are 
dependencies  of  Turkey)  ;  6  Republics,  (Switzerland,  San  Marino,  Andorra, 
Bremen,  Hamburg,  and  Lubeck). 

2.  THE  STATES  OF  EUROPE. 

The  following  table  gives  a  list  of  all  the  European  States,  their  area  and  population,  the 
name  and  title  of  the  ruler  of  each,  the  year  of  his  accession,  and  the  form  of  government. 


ST>T». 

Sq.  miles. 

Inhabitants. 

Name  and  Title  of  Ruler. 

Tear  of 

Accession. 

Form  of  Government. 

Andorra  
Anhalt  

149 
1,026 
240,381 
5,912 
29,373 
11,373 
74 
1,425 
14,734 
40,258 
209,428 
121,115 

145 
18,347 
1,006 
156 
2,970 
109,837 
438 

12,000 
197,041 
35,553,000 
1,434,970 
4,824,421 
4,984,451 
109,572 
803,401 
1,608,095 
75,909 
38.192,094 
29,321,288 

163,683 
1,096,810 
251,712 
305,196 
823,138 
24,368,787 
111,352 

Two  Syndics 

Republic. 
Limited  Monarchy. 
Constitutional  Mon. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Free  City. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 

Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Con.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 

Lim.Mon.,  2  Houses. 

Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 

Free  City. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 

Leopold  Duke 

1817 
1848 
1852 
1864 
1865 
1868 
1831 

1863 
1852 

1837 

1863 

1868 
1849 
1861 
1851 

Austria 

Francis  Joseph,  Emperor. 
Frederic,  Grand  Duke.  .  . 
Ludwig  II    Kinw 

Baden  

Bavaria  

Belgium 

Leopold  II.',  King  
Dr.  Duckwitz,  Burgo'ter.. 
William,  Duke....  

j-  Christian  IX.,  King.... 
Napoleon  III.,  Emperor.  . 

(Victoria,  Queen... 

Bremen  

Brunswick  

Denmark  

Faroe  and  Iceland.   . 
France  

Great  Britain  .  .  . 

Heligoland,  Gibraltar 
and  Malta  

j-  George  I.,  King  

Dr.  Sieveking,  Burgo'ter. 
Louis  III.,  Grand  Duke.. 
Victor  Emanuel  II.,  King. 
Leopold,  Prince  

Greece  
Ionian  Islands  
Hamburg  

Hesse-Darmstadt  
Italy      . 

Lippe  Detmold  

540 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

THE  STATES  OF  EUROPE. —  Continued. 


[1869. 


Bun. 

Sq.  miles. 

Inhabitants. 

Name  and  Title  of  Ruler. 

Tear  of 
Accession. 

Form  of  Gorernmcnt. 

Lippe-Schaumburg  
Liechtenstein  . 

171 
62 
107 

5,190 
1,052 
6 
12,680 
991 
2,469 

1$ 

135,806 
145 
320 
7,862,568 
22 
5,779 
510 
760 
956 
1,404 
374 

332 
195,607 

4,552 

170,634 
120,295 
15,722 
131,295 
46,710 
21.218 
1,709 
433 
7,532 

31,186 
7,994 

48,538 
560,618 
98,770 
1,887 
3,552,665 
199,958 
315,622 
3,987,861 
363,658 
24,043,296 
43,889 
88,097 
77,008,448 
5,779 
2,423,401 
141,426 
168,735 
180,335 
283,044 
75,074 

67,500 
16,302,625 

723,121 
4,160,677 
1,701,478 
2,510,494 
13,544,000 
3,86-1,848 
1,078,281 
196,238 
56,805 
1.778,479 

Adolphus,  Prince  
John  11.,  Prince  
Dr.  Roeck,  Burgomaster. 
Fred.  Francis,  G1  iidDuke 
Fred.  Win.,  Grand  Duke. 
Charles  III.,  Prince  

}•  William  III.,  King  
Peter  Grand  Duke      

1860 

LS5K 
1867 
1842 
I860 
1856 

1849 
1853 
1861 

1861 
1859 
1867 
1855 
1868 
1854 
1853 
1844 
1866 
1853 
1814 

1867 

1868 
1846 

1859 

1868 
1861 
1866 
1868 
IWil 
1845 
1864 

Lim.  Men.,  1  Cham. 
Constitutional  Mon. 
Free  City. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham., 
Limited  Monarchy. 

Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 

Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Absolute  Mon. 
Republic,  2  Houses. 
Lim.  Moii.,  2  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
Lirn.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 

Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
j  To  be  decidedby  a 
j  Consti'nt  Assemb. 
Absolute  Sovereig'y. 

Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 

Federal  Republic. 
Absolute  Mon. 
Limited  Monarchy. 
Limited  Monarchy. 
Limited  Monarchy. 
Lim.  Mon.,  1  Cham. 
;Lim.  Mon.,  2  Cham. 

Lubeck  

Meck.-Schwerin  
Meek  -Strelitz 

Monaco  

Netherlands  
Luxcmbur<r 

Portugal  
Azores  and  Madeira.  . 
Prussia 

[•  Louis  I.,  King  

William  I.,  King... 

Reuss-Elder  line  
Reuss-Younger  line  
Russia  

Henry  XXII.,  Prince  
Henry  XIV.,  Prince  
Alexander  II.,  Czar  
Two  Regents  
John,  King  
Ernest  Duke 

San  Marino  
Saxony 

Saxe-Altenburg  
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  — 
Saxe-Meiningen  
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 
Schwarzb'g-Rudolstadt 
Schwarzburg  -  Sonders- 
hausen 

Ernest  II.,  Duke  

George  Duke 

Chas.  Alex.,  Grand  Duke. 
Fred.  Giinther,  Prince.... 

Albert,  Prince  

Spain  

States  of  the  Church.  .  . 
Sweden                      ..   . 

Marshall  Serrano,  head  of 
Provisional  Gov  
Pius  IX.,  Pope  

j-  Charles  XV.,  King  

Dr.  J.  Dubs,  Pres.  Fed.Co. 
Abdul  Azis,  Sultan  

Norway 

Switzerland  

Turkey 

Rumania 

Charles,  Prince  

Servia  
Montenegro 

Milan  IV.,  Prince  
Nicolaus  I.,  Prince  
George  Victor,  Prince  — 
Charles  I.,  King  

Waldeck  

Wurtemberg  

AUSTRIA. 

Capital,  Vienna.    Area,  240,381  square  miles.    Population,  35,553,000. 

History.  Establishment  of  a  Margravate  of  Austria  by  Charlemagne,  791 ;  Leopold  I.  of 
Babenberg,  appointed  Margrave.  983  ;  First  Duke  of  Austria,  Henry  Jasomirgott,  1141—1177 ; 
extinction  of  the  House  of  Babenberg  with  the  death  of  Duke  Frederic,  1246 ;  Austria  under 
the  immediate  administration  of  the  Emperors  ("  Austrian  Interregnum"),  1246—1282;  acces 
sion  of  the  House  of  Hapsburg,  two  sons  of  Rudolf  of  Hapsburg,  Albrecht  and  Rudolf  being 
appointed  rulers  of  Austria,  Styria,  and  Carinthia,  1282;  Albrecht  sole  Duke  of  Austria,  Styria, 
and  Carniola,  1283  ;  Carinthia  united  with  Austria,  1335  ;  the  Tyrol  united  with  Austria,  1363 ; 
Albrecht  V.  elected  German  Emperor,  (under  the  name  of  Albrecht  II.),  1438;  the  imperial 
crown  subsequently  remained  with  the  rulers  of  Austria  almost  without  interruption  until  the 
dissolution  of  the  German  Empire ;  Hungary  and  Bohemia  united  with  Austria  under  Albrecht 
V.  (died  1439),  but  again  lost  after  the  death  of  Ladislav,  1457  ;  Austria  made  an  Archduchy, 
1453;  the  Netherlands  united  with  Austria,  1477 ;  Charles  V.  (1519—1556),  inherited  Spain,  which 
however,  was  again  separated  from  Austria  on  his  death ;  his  brother  Ferdinand,  who  had 
been  ruler  of  Hungary,  Bohemia,  Moravia,  Silesia,  and  Lusatia  from  1526,  succeeding  him  in 
Austria,  and  his  son  Philip  in  Spain ;  division  of  the  territory  among  the  sons  of  Ferdinand  on 
his  death,  1564 ;  re-united  in  1665 ;  Transylvania  united  with  Austria,  1683 ;  large  possessions  in 
Italy  (Milan,  Naples,  Sardinia),  united  with  Austria  by  the  Peace  of  Utrecht,  1713 ;  Loss  of 
Silesia,  1742 ;  Gallicia  united  with  Austria,  1772 ;  Emperor  Francis  II.  assumed  the  name  of 
Emperor  of  Austria,  1804 ;  dissolution  of  the  German  Empire,  1806 ;  by  the  treaty  of  Vienna, 
1815,  Austria  received  its  present  territory,  and  Lombardy  and  Venetia  in  Italy ;  Lombardy  lost, 
1859 ;  Venetia  lost,  1866  ;  Great  Revolution  and  convocation  of  a  Constituent  Assembly.  1848 ; 
Hungary  declared  herself  independent,  1848 ;  was  conquered,  1849 ;  a  constitution  proclaimed  by 
the  government  for  the  whole  empire,  1849 ;  conclusion  of  the  concordat,  1855 ;  proclamation 


1839.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  541 

of  a  new  constitution,  Feb.  26, 1861 ;  first  session  of  the  new  Reichsrath  (Parliament),  May  1, 
1861 ;  reconstruction  of  Austria  on  the  basis  of  dualism,  1867,  the  country  being  divided  in  point 
of  administration  into  two  parts,  the  one  comprising  the  German  and  Slavic  crownlands ;  the 
other  Hungary  and  its  dependencies.  (See  Government). 

Area.  The  total  area  of  the  Austrian  Empire  is  240,381  square  miles.  The  area  of  the  Cis- 
Leithauian  Division  is  115,925  square  miles,  of  which  Bohemia  has  20,062,  and  Gallicia,  30,313. 
The  area  of  the  Trans-Leithanian  Division  is  124,456  square  miles,  viz  :  Hungary,  82,839 ;  Croatia 
and  Slavonia,  7,443;  Transylvania,  21,289,  and  the  Military  Frontier,  12,955.  The  following 
statement  shows  the  changes  in  the  area  of  the  Austrian  empire  since  1780 : 

1780 232,999  sq.  m.        1815 256,559  sq.  m. 

1797  251,626      kt  1859 248,311       " 

1807 231,497      "  1866 240,381 

1810 189,883      " 

Population.  The  total  population  of  Austria,  according  to  the  last  official  census,  (1857), 
was  32,530,002.  According  to  the  " Statistisches  Jahrlntch  der  Oestreich.  Monarchic  /zV'rlSGG," 
(Vienna,  1868),  it  was  calculated  at  35,553,000.  Austria  is  separated  into  two  administrations, 
each  of  which  has  its  own  Parliament.  The  former  comprises  the  German  and  Slavic  crown- 
lands  ;  the  latter  Hungary  and  the  crownlands  dependent  upon  the  Hungarian  crown.  The 
former  is  called  Cis-Leithania,  (the  provinces  this  side  of  the  river  Leitha) ;  the  second,  Trans- 
Leithania,  (the  provinces  on  the  other  side  of  the  river  Leitha). 

The  population  of  Austria  belongs  to  four  principal  races :  The  Germans,  the  Slavi,  the 
Rumanians,  and  the  Magyars,  (Hungarians).  Their  relative  numbers  according  to  the  census 
of  1857,  were  as  follows :  Germans,  7,877,675 ;  Slavi,  14.986,754 ;  Rumanians,  3,196,079 ;  Hun 
garians,  4,947,134  ;  of  other  families,  1,209,949. 

The  following  cities  have  more  than  50,000  inhabitants :  Vienna,  (1864),  578,525 ;  Prague, 
(1857),  142.588;  Pesth,  (1857),  131,705;  Triest,  (1857),  104,707;  Lemberg,  (1857),  70,384 ;  Gratz, 
(1857),  63,176 ;  Szegedin,  (1857),  62,700;  Brunn,  (1857,)  58,809 ;  Maria-Theresienstadt,  53,499. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  FRANCIS  JOSEPH  I.  Emperor  of  Austria,  and  King 
of  Hungary,  born  August  18, 1830;  succeeded  his  uncle,  Ferdinand  I.  as  Emperor  of  Austria, 
December  2,  1848 ;  crowned  King  of  Hungary,  June  8, 1867 ;  married  April  25,  1854,  to  Eliza 
beth,  a  Bavarian  Princess,  born  1837.  Children— 1.  Gisela,  born  July  12,  1856 ;  2.  Rudolph,  heir- 
apparent,  born  August  21,  1858.  Emperor  Ferdinand  I.,  Uncle  of  the  Emperor,  born  April  19, 
1793,  abdicated  in  favor  of  his  nephew,  the  present  Emperor,  Dec.  2,  1848.  His  brother,  Arch 
duke  Francis  Charles,  bom  Dec.  7,  1802,  renounced  the  throne  in  favor  of  his  son,  the  present 
Emperor  Francis  Joseph.  Archduke  Albert,  born  August  3, 1817,  son  of  the  late  celebrated 
general.  Archduke  Charles  ;  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  of  the  South  in  the  war  against 
Italy,  1866. 

The  present  reigning  family  descended  from  Count  Rudolph  of  Hapsburg,  elected  Emperor  of 
the  Holy  Roman  Empire  in  1273.  Maria  Theresa,  the  last  descendant  of  this  dynasty,  married 
Duke  Francis  I.  of  Tuscany,  of  the  House  of  Lorraine.  Emperor  Francis  I.  (1792 — 1835,)  re 
nounced  the  Imperial  crown  of  Germany,  and  assumed  the  title  of  Emperor  of  Austria. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  the  Sovereigns  of  Austria  since  the  16th  century  :  Charles  V. 
1519;  Ferdinand  1.1556;  Maximilian  II.  1564;  Rudolph  II.  1576;  Matthias,  1611;  Ferdinand 
II.  Ifil9 ;  Ferdinand  III.  1637 ;  Leopold  I.  1657 ;  Joseph  I.  1705 ;  Charles  VI.  1711 ;  Maria 
Theresa,  1740;  Joseph  II.  1780;  Leopold  II.  1790;  Francis  I.  (as  Emperor  of  Germany,  Francis 
II.,  as  Emperor  of  Austria,  Francis  I.)  1792 ;  Ferdinand  I.  (the  former  Ferdinands  being  Em 
perors  of  Germany,  not  Emperors  of  Austria,  he  is  called  Ferdinand  I.)  1835 ;  Francis  Joseph,  1848. 

Government.  Austria,  a  constitutional  country  since  1849,  and  a  bipartite  state  since 
1867,  consists  of  a  German-Slavic  monarchy,  (Cis-Leithania,)  and  a  Hungarian  kingdom,  (Trans- 
Leithania,)  each  having  a  separate  legislature  consisting  of  the  Provincial  Diets  and  a  Central 
Diet.  (See  Area  and  Population.)  There  are  in  Austria  proper,  or  Cis-Leithania,  fourteen  Pro 
vincial  Diets,  differing  only  in  the  number  of  deputies,  and  composed  of  the  prelates  of  the 
church  and  the  chancellors  of  the  universities,  of  the  representatives  of  great  estates,  of  towns, 
of  boards  of  commerce  and  trade-unions,  and  of  rural  communities.  The  Central  Diet  (Reich- 
srath),  consists  of  an  Upper  and  a  Lower  Honse.  The  Upper  House  is  formed  of  the  princes 
of  the  Imperial  family,  of  a  number  of  nobles,  of  the  prelates  of  princely  rank,  and  of  any 
other  life-members  nominated  by  the  Emperor.  The  Lower  House  is  composed  of  203  mem 
bers,  elected  by  the  Provincial  Diets.  It  is  incumbent  upon  the  head  of  the  State  to  assemble 
the  Reichsrath  annually.  The  consent  of  this  Parliament  must  be  obtained  to  all  laws  regard 
ing  military  duty ;  its  co-operation  is  necessary  in  all  legislation  on  trade  and  commerce,  cus 
toms,  banking,  posting,  telegraph  and  railway  matters  ;  in  examination  of  the  estimates  of  the 
income  and  expenditure  of  the  State,  of  the  bills  on  taxation,  public  loans  and  conversion 


542  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

of  the  funds.  To  give  validity  to  bills  passed  by  the  Reichsrath,  the  consent  of  both  Houses 
is  required,  as  well  as  the  sanction  of  the  head  of  the  State. 

Ministry  of  Austria  Proper.  Premier,  Prince  CAKLOS  AUERSPERG,  (resigned  Oct.,  1868) ; 
Deputy  President,  Count  EDUARD  TAAFFE  ;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Dr.  KARL  GISKRA,  born  in 
Moravia,  1820;  Minister  of  Education,  Dr.  HASNER  ;  Minister  of  Commerce,  HERB  VON  PLENER; 
Minister  of  Justice,  Professor  EI>UARD  HERBERT  ;  Minister  of  Finance,  Dr.  RUDOLF  BRESTEL. 

The  constitution  of  the  kingdom  of  Hungary  was  acknowledged  and  sworn  to  by  the  present 
king,  in  1867.  It  leaves  the  whole  legislation  and  administration  in  the  hands  of  the  native 
nobility,  giving  to  the  king  little  more  than  the  chief  command  of  the  army,  and  the  right  and 
duty  to  protect  the  country  against  foreign  enemies.  The  power  of  legislation  and  of  taxation 
is  vested  in  the  Diet  and  the  County  Meetings.  The  Diet  is  composed  of  two  Houses,  the 
Chamber  of  Magnates  being  formed  of  the  prelates,  the  peers,  the  great  officers  of  the  Crown 
and  the  lords-lieutenant  of  the  52  counties  and  of  the  barons.  The  Lower  House  is  made  up 
of  representatives  of  the  towns  and  rural  districts.  The  County  Meetings  elect  the  parliamen 
tary  deputies,  as  well  as  all  county  officers,  and  are  occupied  with  local  legislation  and  taxation, 
and  the  general  business  of  the  district. 

The  Hungarian  Ministry.  Minister  of  War,  Count  JULIUS  ANDRASSY,  born  1825 ;  Min 
ister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Count  GEORGE  FESTETICS;  Minister  of  Finance,  MELCHIOR  LONYAY; 
Minister  of  the  Interior,  Baron  BELA  VON  WENKHEIM  ;  Minister  of  Education  and  Public  Worship, 
Baron  JOSEPH  VON  EOTVOS,  born  1813 ;  Minister  of  Justice,  Count  BALTHASAR  VON  HORVATH  ; 
Minister  of  Public  Works,  Count  EMERICH  MIKO  ;  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Industry,  and  Com 
merce,  STEPHEN  VON  GOROVE. 

The  Sovereign  of  Hungary,  though  Emperor  of  Austria,  is  styled  "king,"  in  all  public  acts. 
The  exchequer  is  managed  by  the  "  Hofkammer  "  at  Buda. 

The  present  ministry  is  supported  by  a  strong  majority,  directed  by  F.  Deak,  the  head  of  the 
"Liberal-Conservative11  party,  the  most  influential  in  the  country;  its  organ  is  the  Pesti  Na- 
plo,  (Pesth  Journal.)  The  opposition  is  now  composed  of  the  Left  and  the  Central  Left. 

Ministry  of  the  Empire— Reichsministerium — for  common  affairs,  first  appointed  Decem 
ber  24, 1867 :  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  and  Imperial  Household,  Count  FERDINAND  VON  BEUST, 
Chancellor  of  the  Empire;  Minister  of  Finance,  Baron  FRANZ  KARL  VON  BECKE;  Minister  of 
War,  Baron  FRANZ  KUHN  VON  KUHNENFELDT. 

The  following  affairs  have  been  declared  common  and  pertaining  to  all  the  lands  of  the  Aus 
trian  monarchy,  by  the  law  of  Dec.  21, 1867.  1.  The  foreign  affairs,  including  diplomatic  and 
commercial  representation.  2.  War  affairs,  including  war,  marine,  the  granting  of  recruits 
and  the  manner  of  serving  in  the  army.  3.  Financial  affairs,  regarding  expenses  common  to 
all  the  Austrian  provinces,  especially  the  current  year's  estimates  and  examination  of  accounts. 
The  commercial  affairs,  especially  legislation  on  tariff  and  duties,  indirect  taxation,  coin  and 
money,  general  railroads,  and  army  regulations,  are  treated  according  to  principles  agreed 
upon  from  time  to  time  by  the  different  Diets.  The  costs  of  the  common  administration  are 
defrayed  by  both  divisions  of  the  Empire,  and  fixed  upon  by  mutual  understanding  of  the  re 
spective  Diets,  sanctioned  by  the  Emperor.  The  same  rule  obtains  as  to  paying  off  the  public 
debt.  The  administration  of  the  common  affairs  is  given  to  a  responsible  ministry.  The 
delegation  of  the  Central  Diet  consists  of  sixty  members,  one-third  of  whom  are  taken  from 
the  Upper,  and  two-thirds  from  the  Lower  houses.  The  delegates  and  their  alternates  are 
chosen  yearly,  but  may  be  re-elected.  The  consent  of  both  delegations  and  the  sanction  of  the 
Emperor  are  required  to  enact  a  law.  The  Common  Ministry  is  responsible  to  the  Central  Diet. 
A  resolution  is  made  valid  only  by  absolute  majority  of  all  the  members.  The  members  of  this 
Central  Diet  are  inviolable  and  irresponsible.  Their  sessions  are  generally  public. 

Education.    Number  of  educational  establishments  in  the  years  1851  and  1857 : 

1851.  185T. 

Superior  Institutions 206 255 

Middle  Schools 388 442 

Military  Schools 68.. 53      » 

National  Schools 41.860 47,270 

Other  Schools 1,676 592 


Total 44,193 48,612 

There  are  eight  universities  in  the  Empire,  at  Vienna,  Prague,  Pesth,  Gratz,  Cracow,  Inns- 
pruck,  Lemberg,  and  Linz.  The  number  of  students  attending  these  institutions  amounted,  in 
1860,  to  8,256.  There  are  seven  Polytechnic  schools,  and  129  Theological  Seminaries.  The  Ger 
man  population  of  the  Empire  ie  most  advanced  in  general  education ;  the  least  advanced  are 
the  Croats,  Slavonians,  and  Dalmatians.  At  the  conscription  of  1857,  it  was  found  that  of  2,649 
recruits  in  the  Archduchy  of  Austria,  2,323  were  able  to  read  and  write ;  while  in  Bohemia. 


1889.] 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


543 


there  were  among  11,213  recruits  only  6,597,  and  in  Dalmatia,  among  928,  only  9  able  to  read 
and  write. 

Finances.    The  following  table  exhibits,  in  round  numbers,  the  total  net  revenue  of  the 
Empire  in  each  year  from  1850  to  1863 : 

1850. . .  ...  197,000°000  florins. 

1851  225,000,000 

1852...  230,000,000 

1853  .        238,000.000 


1854  250,000,000 

1855         283,000,000 

1856  ..      880,000,000 


The  annual  expenditure  and  deficit  in  the  same  period  were  as  follows : 


Tear.  Expenditure. 

1851 ....  296,000,000  florins. 
1852....  310.000,000 
1853....  321, 000,000 

..407,000,000 

..441.000,000 

..371,000,000 

..371,000.000 


1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 


Tear.  Revenue. 

1857 317,000,000  florins. 

1858 315,000,000 

1859 261,000,000 

1860. . ; 302,000,000 

1861 319.000,000 

1862 307,000,000 

1863 320,000,000 


Year. 

1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 


Expenditure. 

..367,000, 000  florins. 

..317,000,000 

..345,000,000 

..368,000,000 

..387,000,000 

..395,000,000 


52,000,000  florins. 
257,000,000 
43,000,000 
49,000,000 
80,000,000 
75,000,000  " 

Deficit. 

39,399,954  florins. 
7,982,769       " 
40,419,146       " 


Deficit. 

71,000,000  florins. 

80,000,000 

83,000,000 
157,000,000 
158,000,000 

81,000,000 

54,000,000 

Budget  Estimates  Revenue.  Expenditure. 

From  Nov.'l,  1863,  to  Dec.  31, 1864..  .570,047,335  florins.      609,447,289  florins. 

Forl865 514,905,453       "  522,888,222       " 

Forl866 490,854,7:35       "  531,273,881       " 

The  following  shows  the  revenue,  in  round  figures,  for  1867 :  Direct  taxes,  107,000,000  florins ; 
Indirect  taxes  and  Monopolies,  208,000,000  florins ;  Domaines  and  State  Establishments,  75,000,- 
000  florins ;  Finances  and  Administration,  24,000,000  florins.  Total,  414,000,000  florins. 

Estimated  expenditure  for  1867 :  Imperial  Court,  5,000,000  florins ;  Civil  Administration,  203,- 
000,000  florins;  Army  and  Navy,  81,000,000  florins;  National  Debt,  152,000,000  florins.  Total, 
441,000,000  florins. 

The  amount  of  indebtedness  has  been  increasing  since  1789,  nor  have  the  different  loans 
negotiated  in  the  last  years  afforded  much  relief.  A  forced  paper  currency  was  established  in 
1866,  by  declaring  the  one  and  five  florin  notes  of  the  Austrian  National  Bank  to  be  State  notes  ; 
until  withdrawn  from  circulation,  they  must  be  taken  at  the  public  treasuries  at  their  full  nomi 
nal  value.  In  consequence  of  the  war  against  Italy  and  Prussia,  the  amount  of  State  paper  was 
increased  by  300,000,000  of  florins  in  addition  to  the  sums  paid  in  1865  and  1866.  The  public 
debt  of  Austria  December  31, 1866,  was  as  follows : 

Total  of  the  former  funded  debt 20,343,582  florins. 

Total  of  the  new  funded  debt 2,449,801,129      " 

Total  of  floating  debt 434,657,428      " 

Capital  reserved  for  indemnities 14,915,550      " 


Total  of  the  public  debt 2,919,717,689  florins. 

Army  and  Navy.    The  Austrian  army  was  thus  constituted  August  1, 1868 : 

Ptace  Footing.  War  Footing. 

Infantry 153,700 608.447 

Cavalry 39,229 42,705 

Artillery,  Engineers  and  Pioneers 43,072 105.019 

Gend'armerie 7,927. 7,927 

Total 243,928 764,096 

The  Austrian  army  is  formed  by  conscription,  to  which  every  man  is  liable  who  has  reached 
his  20th  year.  The  term  of  service  is  eight  years  in  the  regular  army,  and  two  years  in  the  army 
of  reserve.  The  pay  of  the  troops  is  smaller  than  that  of  any  other  country,  except  Russia. 
There  were,  in  1867,  3  Field  Marshals,  19  Feldzeugmeister  and  Generals  of  Cavalry,  71  Field 
Marshal  Lieutenants,  and  114  Major  Generals  in  active  service. 

A  new  law  passed  in  1868  by  the  Diet  of  both  Hungary  and  Austria  proper,  raises  the  number 
Of  the  army  on  its  war  footing  to  800,000  men,  and  fixes  the  landwehr  at  200,000. 

Austria  has  24  fortresses  of  the  first  and  second  rank,  namely,  Comorn.  Carlsburg,  Temesvar 
Peterwardein,  Eszek,  Brod,  Carlstadt,  Cattaro,  Arad,  Munkacz,  Cracow,  Gradisca,  Olmfltz,  Leo- 
poldstadt.  Prague,  Brixen.  Theresienstadt,  Kufstein,  Linz,  Salzburg,  Buda,  Ragusa,  Zara,  and 
Pola.  The  last  named  is  the  chief  naval  fortress  of  the  empire.  Pola  and  Trieste  are  the  har 
bors  for  war  ships. 

The  navy  consisted,  in  1867,  of  66  steamers,  13,580  horse-power,  723  guns  ;  of  16  sailing  ves 
sels,  340  guns.  The  number  of  vice-admirals  was  increased  to  4;  there  were  16  captains  of 
ships-of-the-line,  13  captains  of  frigates,  14  captains  of  corvettes,  105  lieutenants,  163  ensigns, 
and  84  cadets,  19,463  sailors  and  marines. 


544  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Commerce.  The  chief  exports  of  Austria  are :  Corn  and  flour,  hemp,  tallow,  glass  beads, 
olive  oil,  quicksilver,  currants,  cream  of  tartar,  lard,  seed,  shumac,  sponge,  wood,  and  wool. 
The  principal  imports  are,  cotton  and  woolen  manufactures  from  Great  Britain.  The  mineral 
riches  are  great,  but  the  mines  have  been  explored  only  to  a  email  extent.  The  following  table 
ehows  the  quantities  of  metals  and  minerals  produced  in  Austria,  and  their  average  value  at  the 
place  of  production : 

Metala  and  Mineral..  ^  Quantities.        ^^  Value  in  1883. 

Gold,    pounds      .  3,459 3,027 2,043,588  florins. 

Silver         "  63,239 70,6a5 3,177,923 

Quicksilver,  cwt., 3,819 4,451 528,616 


Tin  and  Zinc, 


EST' 


25,530 24,384 286,297 

48.070 46,718 2,653,721 

131,564 136,079 1,725,667 

6,218,627 6,367,663 21,516,787 

98,696 130,339 89,734 

46,167,796 45,566,852. 


and  Litharge, 
Iron,  (raw  and  cast) 
Graphite, 
Stone  Coal, 

The  total  value  of  the  imports  and  exports,  including  bullion  and  specie,  to  and  from  all  coun 
tries,  in  1860-1866,  (exclusive  of  the  province  of  Dalmatia,)  is  shown  by  the  following  table : 

year.  Imports.  Exports. 

18(30 257,000,000  florins 307,000,000  florins. 


1861 272,000,000 

1862 263,000,000 

1863  285,000,000 

1864.' .' 273,000,000 

1865  (excluding bullion  and  specie).  .257,000,000 

4  <-»/>«  OrtK    K.(±A    rf£±-t 


309,000,000 

326,000,000 

322,000,000 

351,000,000 

345,000,000 

330,086,050 


1866 225,564,761 

The  "  Society  of  the  Austrian  Lloyd  "  is  an  important  trading  society,  established  at  Trieste, 
in  1833 ;  it  commenced  in  1836  to  run  regular  lines  of  steamers  to  the  chief  ports  of  Turkey, 
Egypt,  and  Greece,  and  possessed,  in  1865,  a  fleet  of  74  steamers,  of  12,500  horse  power. 

'rhe  length  of  railways  in  Austria,  in  June,  1864,  was  3,450  English  miles,  constructed  at  an 
expense  of  748,627,030  florins. 

The  extent  of  the  telegraphs  in  the  Cis-Leithan  provinces  is  1,913  German  miles,  with  4,617 
miles  of  wire,  1,253  miles  of  lines  used  for  railway  signals.  In  the  course  of  1867,  17  new  offices 
and  46  auxiliary  stations  were  opened,  and  in  all,  858  were  at  work  at  the  end  of  the  year;  those 
in  Hungary  are  135  in  number. 


2.    BELGIUM. 

Capital,  Brussels.    Area,  11,373  square  miles.    Population,  4,984,451. 

History.  In  the  15th  century,  Belgium  was  a  possession  of  the  Duke  of  Burgundy ;  on  the 
extinction  of  the  House  of  Burgundy,  inherited  by  Emperor  Charles  V.  of  Germany.  After 
the  abdication  of  Charles,  united  with  Spain,  under  his  son  Philip.  From  1598  to  1621,  an  in 
dependent  kingdom  ;  then  re-united  with  Spain.  United  with  Austria  by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht, 
1713.  From  1794  to  1815  a  part  of  France.  By  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  1815,  united  with  Holland. 
Established  its  independence,  by  the  successful  revolution  of  1830. 

Population.  Belgium  has  a  population  of  440  to  the  square  mile,  it  being  the  most  densely 
inhabited  country  in  Europe.  Of  this  population  about  two  and  a  half  millions  are  Flemish, 
the  remaining  portion  Walloon  and  French.  The  population  has  increased  since  the  establish 
ment  of  the  kingdom  in  1830,  as  follows: 

1830 4,064,235.        1850 4,426,202. 

1840 4,073,162.        1860 4,731,957. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  LEOPOLD  II.  King  of  the  Belgians,  born  April  9, 
13.35 ;  son  of  Leopold  I.  the  first  king  of  the  Belgians,  former  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg,  and  of 
Princess  Louisa,  daughter  of  Louis  Philippe,  King  of  the  French.  He  ascended  the  throne 
at  his  father's  death,  Dec.  10, 1865,  and  was  married,  Aug.  22,^1853,  to  Maria,  Archduchess  of 
Austria,  born  Aug.  23, 1836,  the  daughter  of  the  late  Archduke  Joseph  of  Austria.  Children : 
1.  Princess  Louise,  born  Feb.  18, 1858 ;  2.  Prince  Leopold,  Count  of  Hainault  and  heir-apparent, 
born  June  12, 1859 ;  3.  Princess  Marie,  born  May  21, 1864.  The  king's  sister,  Princess  Charlotte, 
born  June  7, 1840,  was  married  July  27, 1857,  to  Archduke  Maximilian  of  Austria,  Emperor  of 
Mexico ;  widow,  June  19,  1867. 

Government.  Belgium  is  a  constitutional  monarchy,  the  legislative  power  being  vested 
in  the  King,  the  Chamber  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate.  The  royal  succession  is  in  the 
direct  male  line.  The  ministry  is  responsible ;  the  King  convokes,  prorogues,  and  dissolves 
the  Chambers,  and  executes  the  laws.  He  has  the  nominating  power,  and  is  the  commander 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  545 

of  the  sea  and  land  forces ;  he  declares  war,  and  concludes  treaties  of  peace,  of  alliance  and 
of  commerce.  Iii  default  of  male  heirs,  the  king  may  nominate  his  successor,  with  the  consent 
of  the  Chambers.  The  members  of  both  Houses  are  chosen  by  the  people.  Every  resolu 
tion  is  adopted  by  an  absolute  majority ;  in  case  of  an  equality  of  votes,  the  proposition  is 
thrown  out.  The  Chamber  of  Representatives  is  composed  of  deputies  chosen  directly  by  all 
citizens  paying  direct  taxes.  There  is  one  member  for  every  40,000  inhabitants.  The  members 
are  elected  for  four  years.  In  1808,  the  Chamber  had  124  members,  of  whom  73  belonged  to  the 
Liberal,  and  51  to  the  Catholic  party.  There  were,  in  1865, 13,152  persons  possessed  of  the  elec 
toral  franchise  in  Brussels,  and  113,717  in  the  whole  kingdom  ;  half  the  votes  came  under  four 
classes,  viz  :  25,000  farmers  ;  11,425  spirit  dealers  ;  10,414  landed  proprietors  and  life  renters ; 
and  9,819  retail  shopkeepers. 

The  Senate  is  composed  of  one-half  the  number  of  Representatives.  The  members  arc  chosen 
for  eight  years ;  they  do  not  receive  any  pay.  All  citizens  are  equal  before  the  law,  and  enjoy 
personal  freedom  in  the  fullest  sense.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  King,  during  good  behavior. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  Finance,  HUBERT  FRERE-ORBAN,  appointed,  18C8,  President 
of  Council ;  Mi/titter  of  Justice,  JULES  BARA  ;  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  JULES  VAN  DEB 
STICUELEN;  Minister  of  War,  GEN.  RENARD  ;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  EUDORE  PIRMEZ. 

Education.  Education,  which  was  compulsory  under  the  Dutch  Government,  has  ceased 
to  be  so  since  1830.  The  proportion  of  those  who  can  not  read  and  write,  is  about  30  per  cent. ; 
but  much  progress  has  been  made  in  the  last  ten  years.  In  the  budget  of  18G4,  the  sum  set 
down  for  public  education  amounted  to  four  and  a  half  million  francs. 

Finances.  The  average  annual  expenditure  from  1831  to  1860,  was  128,000,000  francs.  The 
budget  for  1867,  as  voted  by  the  Chambers,  amounted  to  166,000,000  francs.  The  estimates  for 
1868,  are  169,000,000  for  revenues,  and  133,000,000  for  expenditures.  The  national  debt  amount 
ed  May  1,  1868,  to  717,000,000  francs  ;  it  is  paid  off  gradually  by  the  surplus  of  income  over  ex 
penditure,  and  the  operation  of  the  sinking  fund.  It  is  calculated  that  in  1884,  the  net  income 
of  the  State  railways  will  be  sufficient  to  pay  the  entire  interest  of  the  debt.  Belgium  has  no 
floating  debt. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  standing  army  of  Belgium  numbers  100,000  men,  consisting  of  16 
regiments  of  infantry.  7  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  4  regiments  of  artillery.  The  actual  number 
of  soldiers  under  arms  in  1866,  amounted  to  73,718  rank  and  file.  The  army  is  formed  by  con 
scription,  to  which  every  able  man  who  has  completed  his  19th  year,  is  liable  ;  substitution  is 
permitted.  Term  of  service,  eight  years,  one-half  of  which  is  allowed  on  furlough.  There  aro 
eleven  fortresses  in  the  kingdom :  Antwerp,  Mons,  Charleroi,  Philippeville,  Tirlemont,  Ash, 
Tournay,  Menin,  Ypres,  Ghent,  and  Namur.  The  Belgian  navy  consists  of  seven  vessels,  among 
which  there  are  two  gunboats  of  5  guns  each. 

Commerce.  There  entered,  in  1865,  at  Belgian  ports,  4,526  vessels,  of  920,831  tons  burthen, 
and  there  cleared  4,444  vessels,  of  911,749  tons,  about  four-fifths  of  the  trade  being  carried  on 
by  foreigners.  In  1866,  the  total  import  was  747,000,000,  the  total  export,  643,000,000  francs. 

The  State  Railway  is  the  largest  source  of  national  revenue.  Of  the  1,191  miles  of  railroad 
lines,  467  are  in  the  hands  of  the  State.  Of  100,000,000  passengers  carried  since  1835,  only  6  were 
killed  by  accidents  resulting  from  the  service.  The  net  revenue  has  doubled  within  the  last  ten 
years.  As  each  conceded  railway  lapses  gratuitously  to  the  State  in  90  years  from  the  period 
of  ite  construction,  the  entire  system  will,  by  the  effect  of  time,  become  national  property. 


3.    DENMARK. 

Capital,  Copenhagen.  Area,  14,734  square  miles.  Population,  1,008,095. 
History.  Consolidation  of  the  Danish  territory  into  one  kingdom  by  King  Gorm,  (dic'd  936) ; 
subjection  of  Norway,  in  Uie  latter  half  of  the  10th  century ;  subjection  of  England  completed  by 
Canute  the  Great  (died  1035).  Both  Norway  and  England  were  lost  again,  and  Denmark  for  a  short 
time  subject  to  Norway;  re-establishment  of  the  independence  of  Denmark,  1047.  Conquest 
of  Rugen  by  Waldemar  I,  (died  1182) ;  of  Pomerania  andllolstein  by  Canute  VI.  (died  1201) ;  of 
Lauenburg,  Mecklenburg  and  Esthonia  by  Waldemar  II,  (1201— 1241)  but  all  the  German  pos 
sessions  lost  again,  1225.  Separation  of  Schleswig  from  Denmark  and  organisation  of  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  1 386.  Re-union  of  Denmark  and  Norway  under  King  Olaf,  1380 ;  conquest  of  Sweden, 
1389;  and  union  of  the  three  Scandinavian  kingdoms,  Denmark,  Norway  and  Sweden  confirmed 
by  the  "Kalmar  Union,"  1397.  Separation  of  Sweden,  1448.  Norway  ceded  to  Sweden,  1814. 
Attempted  incorporation  of  Schleswig  with  Denmark,  1848,  and  in  consequence  thereof,  the 
35 


54C  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

first  Schleswig-Holstein  war,  1848— la^l.  On  the  death  of  the  childless  King  Frederic  VII. 
Prince  Frederic  of  Schleswig-Holstein  claimed  the  succession  in  Schleswig-Holstein.  Holstein 
occupied  by  the  Federal  Troops  of  Germany,  1863  ;  war  of  Austria  and  Prussia  against  Den 
mark,  and  occupation  by  them  of  Schleswig,  1864 ;  cession  of  Schleswig-Holstein  and  Lauen- 
burg,  Oct.  30, 18(54. 

Area  and  Population.  The  area  of  Denmark,  excluding  the  colonies,  is  14,734  square 
miles ;  that  of  its  colonies,  40,323  square  miles.  The  population,  according  to  the  census  of 
1860,  (deduction  being  made  of  the  territory  detached  by  the  treaty  of  Oct.  30, 1864),  is  1,608,095; 
that  of  its  colonies  is  124,020. 

The  population  of  Denmark  proper  has  increased  in  the  years  1855 — 1860  at  the  average  rate 
of  1.31  per  cent.  Denmark  is  a  purely  agricultural  country  ;  the  manufactories  are  but  few  in 
number,  and  of  small  extent,  there  being  no  coal,  and  but  little  water-power.  The  number  of 
small  proprietors  is  increasing  from  year  to  year.  The  capital,  Feb.  1, 1860,  had  155,143  inhabi 
tants.  The  colonial  possessions  of  Denmark  consist  of  the  islands  of  Faroe  and  Iceland. 

Reigning-  Sovereign  and  Family.  CHRISTIAN  IX.  King  of  Denmark,  born  April  8, 1818, 
the  fourth  son  of  the  late  Duke  William  of  Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gliicksburg,  and 
Princess  Louise  of  Hesse-Cassel.  Appointed  to  the  succession  of  the  crown  of  Denmark  by 
the  protocol  of  London,  signed  May  8, 1852 ;  succeeded  to  the  throne  on  the  death  of  King  Fred 
erick  VII.  Nov.  15, 1863 ;  married  to  Louise,  born  Sept.  7, 1816,  daughter  of  Landgrave  William 
of  Hesse-Cassel.  Children— 1.  Prince  Frederick,  born  June  3, 1843 ;  2.  Princess  Alexandra,  born 
Dec.  1, 1844,  married,  March  10, 1863,  to  Albert  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales  ;  3.  Prince  William,  born 
Dec.  24, 1845,  elected  King  of  Greece,  under  the  title  George  I.  by  the  Hellenic  National  Assem 
bly,  March  31,  1863 ;  4.  Princess  Maria  Dagmar,  born  Nov.  26,  1847,  married  Nov.  9,  18(56,  to 
Grand  Duke  Alexander,  heir-apparent  of  Russia ;  5.  Princess  Thyra,  born  Sept.  9, 1853 ;  6.  Prince 
Waldeniar,  born  Oct.  27, 1858. 

According  to  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  in  1864,  the  King  of  Denmark  renounced  all  his  rights  to 
Schleswig-Holstein  and  Lauenburg  in  favor  of  the  King  of  Prussia  and  the  Emperor  of  Austria. 

The  present  king  is  the  first  of  the  House  Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg,  the 
House  of  Oldenburg  having  reigned  415  years  (from  1448  to  1863). 

Government.  The  constitution  of  Denmark  is  embodied  in  the  charter  of  June  5, 1849, 
which  was  modified  in  1863,  revised  and  sanctioned  by  the  King,  in  1866.  The  "Rigsdag"  (Diet) 
enacts  and  amends  laws  in  conjunction  with  the  King.  The  Diet  consists  of  the  Landsthing 
(Upper  House)  and  the  Folksthing ;  the  former  having  66  members,  12  of  whom  are  nominated 
by  the  crown,  while  the  rest  are  elected,  for  a  term  of  8  years ;  the  Folksthing  consists  of  depu 
ties,  elected  by  the  people  for  3  years,  for  every  16,000  inhabitants.  All  money  bills  are  in  the  first 
instance  submitted  by  the  Government  to  the  Folksthing.  The  ministry  is  responsible.  The 
Riggraad— Supreme  Council  of  the  Nation— consists  of  47  members,  appointed  as  follows : 
Nominated  by  the  Crown,  12 ;  elected  by  the  Landsthing,  6 ;  elected  by  the  Folksthing,  12 ; 
elected  by  the  qualified  voters  in  different  districts,  17.  The  fundamental  law  guarantees  free 
dom  of  election  and  association,  freedom  of  the  press,  the  right  to  assemble,  individual  liberty, 
inviolability  of  residence,  autonomy  of  the  committees.  All  privileges  by  rank,  title  and  birth 
are  abolished. 

The  chief  Danish  colony,  Iceland,  is  divided  into  3  districts  ;  the  affairs  of  the  island  are 
regulated  by  the  Governor  General,  two  deputy  Governors  and  the  Althing,  composed  of  20 
members. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Count  JTJEL  VIND  FRIJS  VON  FRIJSENBORO  ; 
Minister  of  the  Interior,  J.  B.  S.  ESTRUP;  Minister  of  Public  Education  and  Ecclesiastical  Affairs, 
ALETH  SOPHUS  HANSEN,  (1868) ;  Minister  of  Justice,  J.  B.  S.  ESTRUP,  (1868) ;  Minister  of  Marine, 
O.  E.  SUENSON;  Minister  of  War,  Major  General  W.  R.  VON  RAESLAFF;  Minister  of  Finance. 

O.  A.  FONNESBECH. 

Education.  Elementary  Education  is  widely  diffused  in  Denmark,  the  attendance  at  school 
being  obligatory  from  the  age  of  7  to  14  years.  Beside  the  University  of  Copenhagen,  there  are 
colleges  at  Loroe  and  Aalborg,  together  with  grammar  school;*,  academies  and  normal  schools, 
in  all  the  considerable  towns.  The  number  of  parochial  schools,  in  which  the  children  of  the 
poor  are  educated  at  public  expense,  is  above  4.000. 

Finances.  The  estimated  Revenue  for  1867—1868  is  22,029,637  rix  dollars.  The  estimated 
expenditure  for  the  same  period  is  23,114,372  rix  dollars.  The  public  debt  of  the  Kingdom, 
March  31,  1866,  was  131,116,340  rix  dollars.  To  this  debt  was  added,  in  1867,  a  new  loan  of  10,- 
000,000  rix  dollars.  Total  debt  in  1868,  132,685,400  rix  dollars. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  Danish  army  is  formed  by  conscription,  to  which  every  man  in 
good  health,  who  has  reached  his  22d  year,  is  liable.  The  first  period  of  service  lasts  5  years ; 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  547 

the  second  reserve  extends  to  the  age  of  38  years.  During  the  war  with  Austria  and  Prussia, 
1803-1804,  there  were  in  the  field.  49,300  infantry,  10,600  cavalry,  and  9,000  artillery,  with  44  guns. 
The  present  army  consists,  according  to  the  law  of  July  6, 1867,  of  34,000  infantry,  1,900  cavalry, 
7,700  artillery,  and  1,150  engineers ;  total,  44,750  men. 

The  Danish  Navy  consisted,  at  the  end  of  March,  1867,  of  3  frigates  and  2  floating  batteries 
iron-cased,  carrying  a  total  of  55  guns  ;  1  steamship-of-the-line,  64  guns,  4  steam  frigates,  with 
an  aggregate  armament  of  162  guns ;  3  steam  corvettes,  with  44  guns,  4  schooners,  mounting 
11  guns  ;  7  iron  gun-boats,  with  an  aggregate  of  13  guns ;  6  paddle-wheel  vessels,  carrying  to 
gether  38  guns.  Of  sailing-vessels,  Denmark  possessed  1  frigate,  1  corvette  of  20  guns,  a  flotilla 
of  row-boats  (30),  besides  transports  (37).  The  Navy  is  manned  and  officered  by  1,308  men,  1 
Vice  Admiral,  3  Rear  Admirals,  11  Captains. 

Commerce.  The  imports  consist  entirely  of  agricultural  products.  Jutland  is  the  great 
cattle-breeding  province  of  the  kingdom.  The  exports  are  chiefly  coals  and  iron.  In  1863,  the 
imports  amounted  to  39,000,000  rix  dollars,  the  exports  to  23,000,000.  The  commercial  marine 
of  Denmark  consisted,  exclusive  of  the  duchies,  Dec.  31, 1866,  of  3,140  sailing  vessels,  of  a  total 
of  138,944  tons  ;  there  were,  besides,  47  steamers,  of  4,376  tons  and  2,706  horse  power. 


4.    FRANCE. 

Capital,  Paris.    Area,  209,428  square  miles.    Population,  38,192,094. 

History.  Clovis,  king  of  the  Salic  Francs  put  an  end  to  Roman  rule  in  Gaul,  486 ;  Charle 
magne  (died  814)  ruler  over  France,  Germany  and  Italy  ;  separation  of  the  three  countries  by 
the  treaty  of  Verdun,  843;  rule  of  the  Carlovingians  in  France  until  987  ;  of  the  Capetingians 
from  987  to  1328 ;  of  the  House  of  Valois,  (a  side  branch  of  the  House  of  Capet),  from  1328  to 
1589;  of  the  House  of  Bourbon,  (a  side  branch  of  the  House  of  Valois),  from  1589  to  1793; 
France  a  Republic  from  1793  to  1804 ;  Napoleon  I.  from  1804  to  1814 ;  the  Bourbons  again,  1814  to 
1848;  Republic  1848— 1852 ;  Napoleon  III.  from  1852. 

Area.  The  area  of  France  is  209,428  square  miles,  that  of  its  colonies,  196,060.  France  is 
divided  into  89  departments,  with  373  arrondissements,  2,941  cantons,  and  37,548  communes. 

Population.  The  population  of  France  at  the  end  of  1866,  was  38,192,094;  that  of  Algeria, 
2,999,124,  and  that  of  all  other  colonies,  3,061,888.  The  increase  of  population  in  France  within 
the  last  century  has  been  comparatively  less  than  in  any  other  state  of  western  Europe,  as 
exhibited  in  the  following  table,  which  also  shows  the  result  of  the  sanguinary  wars  of  the  first 
empire,  as  well  as  of  the  Crimean  Expedition.  The  population  was : 

1801 27,349,003        1841 34,230,178 

1806 29,107,425        1851 35,7&3,170 

1821 30,461,875        1856 36,039,364 

1831 ?.32,569,223        1866 38,192,094 

The  rural  population  is  about  22,000,000.  Of  the  8,000,000  belonging  to  the  industrial  and 
working  classes,  3,000,000  are  inhabitants  of  towns.  There  are  fully  6,000,000  houses  in  France, 
the  greater  number  of  them  cottages  with  sinall  plots  of  land.  The  rural  population  suffered 
a  diminution  of  1.18  per  cent,  in  the  period  1836—1861.  Each  of  the  following  cities  contains 
more  than  50,000  inhabitants : 

Paris 1,825.274       Havre 74,900 

Lyons, 323,954        Roubaix 65,091 

Marseilles 300,131        Amiens 61,06ft 

Bordeaux 194,241        Rheims 60,73* 

Lille 154,749       Nimes 60,240  ' 

Toulouse 126,936        Muhlhouse. 58,773 

Nantes 111,956       Montpellier 55,606 

Rouen 100,671        Metz 54,817 

St.  Etienne 96,620       Angers 54,791 

Strasbourg 84,167        Limoges 53,022 

Brest 79,847       Nice 50,180 

Toulon 77,126 

The  proportion  of  births  to  the  population  is  seen  in  the  subjoined  table  : 

Inhabitants  for  Births  for  every  Inhabitants  for  Births  for  every 

every  Birth.  100  Inhabitants.  every  Birth.  100  inhabitant*. 

1861 87.50 2.68   18(54 37.58 2.66 

1862". 37.70 2.65   1805 37.67 2.65 

1863 37.18 2.69 

Average,  37.49  2.67 

The  average  proportion  of  natural  children  for  every  100  births,  was  7.56  in  1861—1863,  that 
of  still-born  children  in  the  same  period,  4.32 ;  that  of  marriages  for  every  100  inhabitants  was 
0.80,  of  inhabitants  for  every  marriage,  124.9.  The  average  proportion  of  legitimate  children 
for  every  marriage  wa*,  in  1861—1865,  3.08  per  cent.  The  number  of  inhabitants  for  1  death 


548 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


was  43.79 ;  the  mortality  for  every  100  inhabitants  was  2.29.  The  number  of  emigrants  amount 
ed  in  1849-58,  to  less  than  200,000  individuals,  while  in  the  same  period,  Germany  lost  by  emi 
gration,  1,200,000,  and  Great  Britain  2,750,000.  Of  8,752  emigrants  in  18C1,  2,418  went  to  Algeria ; 
there  were  0,800  emigrants  in  1862 ;  of  5,771  emigrants  in  18G3,  1,480  went  to  Algeria. 

As  regards  nationality,  about  32,503,000  of  the  population  in  France  belong  to  the  French 
race,  (including  12,500,000  of  the  Provencal  branch) ;  nearly  2,000,000  are  Germans ;  1,800,000 
Walloons;  1,100,000  Bretons  ;  350,000  Italians ;  160,000  Basques  ;  100,000  Spaniards. 

Departments.  The  following  table  gives  the  population  of  every  Department  accord 
ing  to  the  census  of  1866,  and  the  number  of  deputies  for  every  Department,  as  officially 
announced  in  the  Moniteur,  for  the  legislative  period  from  1807  to  1871 : 

Provinces.  Inhabitants.       No.  of  Deputies. 

Ain 371,643 .3 

Aisne 5(55.025 4 

Allier 376,104 3 

Alpes  (Basses) 143,000 1 

Alpes  (Hautes) 122,117 1 

Alpes  Maritimes 198,818 2 

Ardeche 387,174 3 

Ardennes 326,864 3 

Ariege 250,436 2 

Aube 2(51,951 2 

Aude 288,626 3 

Aveyron 400,070 3 

Bouches-du-Rhone 547,903 „ 4 

Calvados 474,909 4 

Cantal 237.994 2 

Charente 378,218 .3 

Charente  Inferieur. . . .  479,559 4 

Cher 336,613 3 

Correze 310,843 2 

Corse 259,801 2 

Cote-d'Or 382.762 .3 

Cote-du-Nord 641,210 5 

Creuse 274,057 2 

Dordogne 502,673 4 

Doubs 298,072 2 

Drome 324,231 3 

Eure 394,467 4 

Eure-et-Loir 290,753 2 

Finistere  ...  .  662,485  ......  ...  5 


Garcl 429,747 4        Seine. 


Provinces.  Inhabitants.       No.  of  Deputies. 

Lot 288,919 2 

Lot-ct-Garonne 327,962 3 

Lozere 137,263 1 

Maine-et-Loire 532,325 4 

Manche 573,899 4 

Marne 390,809 3 

Marne  (Haute) 259,096 2 

Mayenne 367,855 3 

Meurthe 428,387 3 

Meuse 301.653 3 

Morbihan 501,084 3 

Moselle 452,157 3 

Nievre 342,773 3 

Nord 1,392,041 9 

Oise 401,274 3 

Orne 414,618 4 

Pas  de  Calais 749,777 6 

Puy  de  Dome 571,690 5 

Pyrenees  (Basses) 435,486 3 

Pyrenees  (Hautes) 240,252 2 

Pyrenees-Orientales.. .  189.490 2 

Rhin  (Bas) 588,970 4 

Rhin  (Haut) 630,285 4 

Rhone 678,048 5 

SaOne  (Haute) 317,706 3 

Saone-et-Loire 600,006 5 

Sarthe 463,619 4 

Savoie 271,663 2 

Savoie  (Haute) 273,768 


2,150,916.., 


Seine-Inferieure 792.  ",6K 

Seine-et-Marne a54,4CO 

Seine-et-Ofee 533,727 

Sevres  (Deux) 

Somme 

Tarn 

Tarn-et-Garonne 

Var 

Vaucluse 2C.iI.091 

Vendee 

Vienne  . . . 


572,640 5 

355,513 3 

228,969 2 

308,550 2 

404,473 3 

324,527 3 

Vienne  (Haute) 326,037 2 

Vosges 418,998 3 

Yonne 372,589 3 


Garonne  (Haute) 493,777 4 

Gers 295,692 3 

Gironde 701,855 6 

Herault > 427,245 4 

Ille-et-Vilaine, 592,009 4 

Indre 277,860 2 

Indre-et-Loire 325,193 3 

Isere 581 ,386 5 

Jura 298,477 3 

Landes 306,693 2 

Loir-et-Cher 275,757 2 

Loire 537,108 4 

Loire  ffiante) 312,601 2 

Loire- Jnferieure 598,598 4 

Loiret 357,110 3 

Total 38,067,094  292 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  NAPOLEON  in.  Charles  Louis,  Emperor  of  the  French, 
born  April  20,  1808  ;  the  third  son  of  Louis  Napoleon,  formerly  king  of  Holland,  and  of  Queen 
Hortense,  daughter  of  the  Empress  Josephine  of  France,  by  her  first  husband,  Viscount  Beau- 
harnais  ;  attempted  to  raise  an  insurrection  at  Strasbourg,  Oct.  1836  ;  sent  into  exile  to  America, 
returned  to  Europe,  1837  ;  landed  at  Boulogne  to  raise  an  insurrection,  Aug.  1840;  condemned 
to  perpetual  imprisonment ;  escaped  from  the  fortress  of  Ham,  1846 ;  elected  member  of  the 
Constituent  Assembly,  May,  1848 ;  returned  to  France,  Sept.  1848 ;  elected  President  of  the 
French  Republic  for  four  years,  Csc.  10,  1848 ;  dissolved  the  National  Assembly  by  a  coup  d'etat, 
Dec.  2,  1851 ;  elected  President  of  the  Republic  for  ten  years,  Dec.  20,  1851 ;  chosen  hereditary 
Emperor,  Nov.  21,  1852.  Accepted  the  imperial  dignity,  Dec.  1,  1852.  Married,  Jan.  29,  1853, 
to  Eugenie  Marie  de  Montijo,  born  at  Grenada,  Spain,  May  5,  1826,  the  second  daughter  of 
Count  de  Montijo,  grandee  of  Spain.  Offspring  of  this  union :  Napoleon  Eugene  Louis,  Prince 
Imperial,  born  March  16,  1856. 

Cousins  of  the  Emperor:    1.  Princess  Mathilde,  born  May  27, 1820,  the  daughter  of  Jerome, 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  549 

youngest  brother  of  Napoleon  I.  2.  Her  brother,  Prince  Napoleon  Joseph,  born  Sept.  9,  1822, 
married,  Jan.  30, 1859  to  Clotilde,  born  March  2,  1843,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Victor  Emanuel  I. 
King  of  Italy. 

The  Imperial  dignity  is  hereditary  in  the  male  and  legitimate  descendants  of  the  present 
Emperor,  in  the  order  of  primogeniture.  In  default  of  male  children,  Napoleon  III.  has  the 
right  to  adopt  any  of  the  male  descendants  of  the  brothers  of  Napoleon  I. 

'The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Sovereigns  and  Governments  of  France,  with  date  of  accession, 
from  the  time  of  Henri  IV.  House  of  Bourbon ;— Henri  IV.,  1589;  Louis  XIII.,  1610;  Louis 
XIV..  1643;  Louis  XV.,  1715;  Louis  XVI.,  1774.  RepuUic:— Convention,  1792;  Directoire,  1794; 
Consulate,  1799.  House  of  Bonaparte  .-—Napoleon  1.,  1804.  House  of  Bourbon:— Louis  XVIII., 
1814;  Charles  X.,  1824.  House  of  Bourbon  -Orleans:— Louis  Philippe,  1830.  Republic  .-—Provis 
ional  Government,  1848;  President,  1848.  HOUM of  Bonaparte;—  Napoleon  III.,  1852. 

Government.  The  present  Constitution  of  France,  decreed  in  December,  1851,  recognizes 
five  powers  in  the  State,  namely  :— 1.  The  Executive  power,  represented  by  the  Emperor ;  2.  the 
Ministers,  nominated  by  the  Emperor  ;  3.  A  Council  of  State,  to  draft  laws  under  the  direction 
of  the  Ministers  ;  4.  A  Legislative  Body,  nominated  by  universal  suffrage,  to  discuss  and  vote 
laws ;  5.  A  Second  Assembly,  formed  of  eminent  men,  acting  as  a  moderating  power  (Senate.) 
The  Emperor  is  irresponsible  ;  appoints  and  discharges  his  Ministers  ;  commands  the  armies 
and  navies  ;  makes  peace  and  declares  war;  enters  into  alliances  with  other  sovereigns  and  na 
tions  ;  has  the  sole  initiative  in  legislation.  No  law  is  valid  without  his  sanction,  and  no  person 
can  hold  any  office  without  taking  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  him.  The  Council  of  State,  composed 
of  40  to  50  members,  is  nominated  and  dismissed  by  the  Emperor.  The  Legislative  Body  is 
elected  at  the  rate  of  one  member  to  every  35,000  electors.  The  members  are  chosen  for  six 
years ;  the  President  and  Vice  President  of  both  Houses  are  nominated  by  the  Emperor,  for  the 
period  of  a  year.  The  Emperor  summons,  prorogues  and  dissolves  the  Legislative  Body  ;  but, 
in  case  of  dissolution,  new  elections  must  take  place  within  six  months.  The  Legislative 
Body  of  1807 — 1872,  numbers  292  members.  The  Senate  is  composed  of  the  cardinals,  marshals, 
and  admirals  of  the  Empire,  and  a  number  of  other  members,  (not  exceeding  150),  nominated 
by  the  Emperor.  The  dignity  is  irrevocable  and  for  life.  No  vote  of  the  Legislative  Assembly 
is  effective  without  the  sanction  of  the  Senate. 

The  Ministry.  Miniver  of  State,  EUGENE  ROUHER,  born  in  1813,  appointed  1863;  Minister 
of  Justice,  ERNEST  BAROCHE;  Minister  of  Finance,  MAGNE,  appointed  18(57;  Minister  of  the  Im 
perial  House,  Count  T.  B.  VAILLANT,  appointed  1861;  President  of  the  Council  of  State,  Ad. 
VUITRY,  appointed  1864  ;  Minister  of  War,  Ad.  NIEL,  appointed  1867 ;  Minister  of  Marine  and 
the  Colonies,  CH.  RIGAULT  DE  GENOUILLY,  appointed  1867 ;  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  MAR 
QUIS  DE  LAVALETTE,  appointed  1868;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  A.  DE  FORCADE  LA  ROQUETTE, 
appointed  1868;  Minuter  of  Public  Imtiuction,  VICTOR  DURUY,  appointed  1863;  Minister  of 
Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Public  Works,  GRESSIER,  appointed  1868. 

Education.  Public  education  has  made  great  progress  in  France  within  the  last  generation. 
In  1863,  there  were  116  pupils  per  1,000  of  the  population.  Catholics  rarely  visit  school  after  11 
or  12  years  of  age,  Protestants  commonly  remaining  until  about  16.  Of  the  children  who  left 
school  in  1863,  60  per  cent,  could  read,  write  and  cast  accounts  fairly.  There  were,  in  1863,  in 
France,  82,135  establishments  of  primary  instruction.  The  36,499  Communes,  provided  in  1863, 
with  means  of  instruction,  comprised  41,426  public  and  free  schools  ;  more  than  one-third  of  the 
children  were  admitted  gratuitously.  According  to  a  report  of  the  Minister  of  War,  in  1866. 
the  number  of  conscripts  unable  to  read  amounts  to  30  out  of  every  100.  Instruction  is  far 
more  general  in  the  eastern  and  northern  than  in  the  southern  districts.  The  number  of  schol 
ars  in  the  secondary  institutions  (lyceums),  November  1,  1867,  was  36,306;  there  were  also, 
253  colleges,  numbering  32,453  pupils. 

The  number  of  political  journals,  January  1,  1867,  was  336,  of  which  64  were  published  in 
Paris ;  October  31, 1867,  the  number  was  384,  of  which  74  were  published  in  Parisv  October 
81,  1867,  the  number  of  non-political  journals  was  886  in  Paris,  and  805  in  the  Departments. 

Finances.    The  expenditure  of  the  State  has,  under  the  present  government,  almost  contin 
ually  increased.    It  was,  in 
1853 1.487.000.000  francs.        1861 ...  . .  .1,840,000,000  francs. 


1854 1.517,000,000 

1855 1.562,000,000 

1&56 1.598.000.000 

1857 1.699,000,000 

1858 1,717,000,000 

1859 1,766.000,000 

1860 1.825,000,000 


1862 1,970,000,000 

18(53 2,158,000,000 

1864  ...  2.215,000,000 

1865 2,203,000.000 

1866....  2,187,000.000 

1867..                                  ...2,086,000,000 
1868....  2,139,000,000 


The  city  of  Paris  alone  had  a  budget  in  1867,  of  241,653,612  francs. 


550  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

EXPENDITURES — ORDINARY  AND  SPECIAL.    The  following  are  the  budget  estimates  for  the 
year  1868 : 

Francs.  Francs. 

Civil  list  and  dotations 26.500,000       Ministry  of  Finance 18,436.854 

Senate  and  Legislative  Body 11,483,500  "        War,  incl.  Gov.  of  Algeria . 363,075,388 

Legion  of  Honor 10,362,780  "        Marine  and  Colonies 148,051 ,482 

Funded  Debt 340,866,408  "        Public  Instruction 29,195,821 

Interest  on  Temporary  Loans 35,309,1336  "        Agriculture 76,274,703 

Life  Rents 88,458,539  "        Imperial  House 12,079,100 

Ministry  of  State 3,042,400        Collection  of  Revenue 232,838,124 

"        Justice 81,560,221        Repayments  and  Premiums 12,341,500 

"        Foreign  Affairs 12,933,200  Departmental  and  Communal  Exp..  98,662,993 

"        Interior 206,505,815 

Total 1,807,977,614 

EXTRAORDINARY  EXPENDITURE. 

Francs.  Franca. 

Ministry  of  Justice 5,300,000       Ministry  of  Marine  and  Colonies 15,200,000 

"  Interior 4,808,000  "         "  Public  Instruction 1,535,000 

4'         "Finance 5,525,000  "         "Agriculture 70,324,300 

"War 14,871,000  "         "  Imperial  House 7,100,000 

Government  of  Algeria 21,826,201 

Total 146,489,501 

Grand  Total  Expenditure 1,954,467,115 

REVENUE — ORDINARY  AND  SPECIAL. 

Francs.  Francs. 

Direct  Taxes 542.955,123        Sale  of  Gunpowder 12,613,000 

Registration  Duties  and  Domains.  .433,675,416       Post  Office 81,752,000 

Forests 10,367,169        Schools  and  Universities 3,664,621 

Customs  and  Salt  Duties 100,186,000       Revenue  of  Algeria 18,655,200 

Su«-ar  Duties          114,000,000        Produce  of  Govt.  Establishments .  14,593  300 

Wine  and  Spirit  Duties 236,216,000       Miscellaneous  State  Receipts 45,726,679 

Indirect  Taxes 34,688,000                                 Communal  Receipts.  41,813,070 

Sale  of  Tobacco 241,623,000 

Total 1,932,528,578 

EXTRAORDINARY  REVENUE. 

Francs.  Francs. 

Surplus  of  Former  Budgets 124,550,964       Interests  of  Austrian  Debt 250,000' 

War  Indemnity  by  Cochin  China ....     1 ,080,000       Profits  of  Re-coinage 1 ,500.000 

Forests 2,500,000       Due  from  the  Algerian  Society 16,666,666 


Total 146,547,680 

Grand  Total,  not  including  surplus  of  former  budgets 1,954,525,244 

Probable  Surplus 58,129 

The  wars  and  war-like  operations  of  France,  since  the  accession  of  Napoleon  III.  have  cost 

the  following  sums : 

Crimean  War 1,348,000.000  francs.        Occupation  of  Rome 50.000,000  francs. 

Italian        "    345,000,000       "  "          "Syria 28.000,000 

Chinese     "    166,000,000       "  Supplementary  Expenses.  ...89.000.000        " 

Mexican  Expedition 600,000,000      " 

Total 2,626,000,000 

The  public  debt  of  France  rose  from  5,346,000,000  francs  in  1851  to  9,719,000,000  francs  in  1861, 

and  amounted  in  1864,  to  12,316,000,000  francs.    The  amount  of  annual  interest  payable  on  the 

public  debt,  in  1868  was : 

Francs.  Francs. 

Consolidated  Debt,  stock  4£  per  ct..  37,357.126        Sound  Dues 248,832 

"          "      4        "     "       446,096        Scheldt  Dues 340.504 

"          "      3        "     ..303.063,186        Payment  to  Spain 20,000 

Floating  Debt 26,000,000        Lite  Rents,  Pensions,  Endowments       311,900 

Securities 8,700,000  

Total 376,487,644 

Total  public  debt  of  France,  in  1868 :  Capital  of  consolidated  debt,  10,942,768,743  francs ; 
floating  debt,  900,000,000  francs ;  securities,  290,000,000  francs  :  grand  total,  12,132,768,743  francs. 

Army.  The  army  of  France  is  formed  by  conscription,  to  which  every  man  who  has  reached 
the  age  of  21,  is  liable.  By  the  terms  of  the  new  plan  of  organization  of  the  army,  it  is  to  consist 
of  the  regular  army  and  the  army  of  reserve,  the  number  of  each  to  be  400,000  men.  There  is, 
besides,  a  standing  "National  Garde  Mobile,11  to  be  organized  to  the  number  of  about  400,000 
men,  destined  as  an  auxiliary  to  the  active  army  in  the  defense  of  the  fortresses,  coasts  and 
frontier  of  the  empire.  The  total  strength  of  the  army  is,  therefore,  to  consist  of  1,200,000  men. 
Every  man  drawn  for  conscription  has  the  right  to  buy  a  substitute,  but  the  right  to  furnish 
substitutes  has  become  a  government  monopoly,  which  encourages  greatly  the  reenlistment  of 
old  soldiers,  thus  giving  the  army  a  standing  nucleus  of  experienced  troops.  The  number  of 
volunteers  for  the  army,  without  bounty,  is  on  the  decrease.  Advancement  to  the  highest 


1809.] 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


551 


military  rank  is  open  to  every  French  soldier, 
army,  on  a  peace-footing,  are  as  follows  : 
INFANTRY. 

3  regiments  of  Imperial  Grenadier 

Guards 6,438  men. 

4  Voltigeurs 8,584 

100  Inf.  of  the  line . . .  .211,150 

7  Chasseurs 15,093 

4  Zouaves 9,834 

1                      African  Light  Inf..    1,644 
1             '         Foreign  Legion . . .     2,049 
3            '         Tirailleurs  of  Al 
geria 7,926 

Veterans  and  other  troops 2,679 


The  details  of  the  organization  of  the  French 


Coast  G 
2  regin 
12 
13 
9 
13 
1 
8 
3 
3 
2 

CAVALRY. 
uards  221  1 

nen. 

aents  of  Carbineers                 1  051 

Cuirassiers  9,361 
Dragoons  11,023 
Uhlans  7,699 
Mounted  Chasseurs.  .11.868 
Imperial  Guides  1,051 
Hussars  7  538 

Chasseurs  d1  Afrique.  4,504 
Spahis  3,489 
RemonteandCav.Sch.  2,836 

Total 


Total 60,641 


ARTILLERY. 
18  regiments  of  Foot  and  Horse  Artillery,  and  general  staff 32,037  men 

2  u  Artificers 1,384     " 

3  Train 3,331     " 

2  "  Armorers,  Gunmakers,  &c 1,744     " 


Total 38,496     " 

There  are  also  several  regiments  of  engineers  (3,000  men),  Gendarmerie  (24,548),  and  troops 
of  administration  and  military  equipage  (15,705)— Total  48,253  men.  The  General  Staff  con 
sisted,  in  1867.  of  9  Marshals,  90  Division  Generals,  160  Brigade  Generals.  On  the  war  footing 
there  are  12  Marshals,  90  Division  Generals,  180  Brigade  Generals,  580  staff  officers,  topograph? 
cal  staff  717,  interpreters  75 ;  total,  1,913.  The  summary  of  the  army  is  as  follows : 

PEACE  FOOTING.  WAR  FOOTING. 

Men.  Horses.  Men.  Horses. 

Staff 1,845 160 1,914 

Gendarmes 24,548 14,701 25,1588 15,000 

Infantry 265,397 402 515,035 

Cavalry 60,641 44,007 100,2-21 

Artillery 38,496 16,344 66,132 

Engineers 8,000 987 15,443...   . 

Other  troops 15,705 5,526 33,365 

Total 414,632 82,127 757,798 143,238 

The  whole  ol  France  is  divided  into  six  "Arondissements  Militaires"  (army  corps),  each 
commanded  by  a  field-marshal. 

France  has  119  fortresses,  of  which  8  are  of  the  first  rank— Paris,  Lyons,  Strasburg,  Metz, 
Lille,  Toulon,  Brest,  and  Cherbourg— 12  of  the  second  rank,  23  of  the  third,  and  76  of  the 
fourth  rank. 

Navy.  The  French  navy  is  governed  by  the  Minister  of  Marine  and  the  Colonies,  who  has 
under  him  a  Council  of  Admiralty,  consisting  of  four  vice-admirals,  one  rear-admiral,  a  director 
of  naval  construction,  and  a  commissary -general.  The  navy  comprised,  July  1,  1867,  the  follow 
ing  vessels : 


Iron-clad  ships  of  the  line  and  frigates  

Actual  number. 

16 

In  course  of  construction. 

24 

u        Corvettes  

1 

19 

Transports 

80 

Flotilla    

101 

24 

Iron-clad  °Tiard  ships  

26 

4 

All  other  steamers  and  sailing  vessels  

183  

54 

Total... 

...407... 

...125 

The  strength  in  guns  of  the  entire  navy,  Jan.  1, 1867,  was  6,784  (excluding  291  vessels  in  course 
of  construction) ;  the  horse-power  of  the  fleet  of  steamers  was  106,241. 

The  most  remarkable  among  the  French  men-of-war,  and  patterns,  more  or  less,  of  the  whole 
of  them,  are  the  six  iron-clads,  Magenta,  Solferino,  Couronne,  Normandie,  Invincible  and 
Taureau.  The  largest  iron-clad  is  the  ram  Dunderberg,  built  at  New  York  and  purchased 
by  the  French  Government  in  1867 ;  it  carries  16  guns  and  has  a  total  burthen  of  5,090  tons. 

The  French  navy  is  manned  by  conscription,  like  the  army.  It  was  officered  and  manned,  on 
the  1st  of  July  1867,  by  2  admirals  ;  16  vice-admirals  in  active  service,  and  10  on  the  reserve  list ; 
24  rear-admirals  in  active  service,  and  19  on  the  reserve  list ;  130  captains  of  first-class  men-of- 
war  ;  270  captains  of  frigates  ;  825  lieutenants  ;  600  ensigns ;  300  midshipmen,  and  300  pupils. 


552  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [is 

PERSONNEL.  OP  THE  NAVY.  MARINES  AND  COLONIAL  TROOPS. 

Peace  footing.  War  footing.  Peace  footing. 

Officers 2,51)2  men 3,074  men.        Generals  (6  in  active  service  and 


Engineers 1,690 

Chapl'iis,  Surgeons'.    832 

Mechanics 4,466 

Chief  Machinists..        40 
Sailors 33,973 


..1,690 
...  832 
,..4,466 
. ..  40 

.66,000 


6  on  the  reserve  list) 12men. 

Gendarmery 1,055 

Infantry 15,638 

Tirailleurs 1,888 

Artillery 1,645 

Engineers  and  other  troops 6,176 


,.76,102    " 
.25,000    "  Total 26,414 


Total 43,503 

Work'gmen  in  pts.. 23,400 

The  maritime  population  liable  to  service  is  stated  to  be  170,000  men  ;  the  number  of  men  in 
scribed  on  the  navy  list  is  89,000,  which  number,  after  deducting  men  over  40  years,  is  reduced 
to  about  66,000  men.  The  approaches  to  the  French  coast  are  to  be  defended  by  344  batteries 
and  27  forts. 

Commerce.  The  sum  total  of  the  general  commerce  of  France  in  1865  amounted  to  7,614,- 
000,000  of  francs,  of  which  3,527,000,000  represented  the  imports,  and  4,087,000,000  the  exports. 
It  was  a  total  increase  of  285,000,000  over  the  preceding  year.  The  import  from  the  United 
States,  in  1865,  was  106,000,000,  the  export  to  the  same  country  241,000,000. 

The  general  commerce  of  France  with  its  colonies  and  foreign  countries  amounted  in  1866  to 
the  actual  value  of  8,126,000,000  francs,  an  increase  of  512,000,000  over  the  preceding  year.  The 
import  of  1866  was  3.845,000,000,  the  export  4,281,000,000.  The  imports  from  the  United  States 
amounted  to  192,000,000,  the  exports  to  the  United  States,  173,000,000.  The  chief  articles  of  im 
port  in  1866  were  cereals  (44,000,000). 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  of  the  principal  articles  of  import  and  export  in  1862 
and  1865 : 

IMPORTS.  EXPORTS. 

1862.  1865.  1862.  1865. 

Silk 230,000,000  frs . . . .  355,000,000  frs.  Silk  Stuffs . . .  .801,000,000  frs . . . .  429,000,000  fre. 

Raw  Wool...  181 ,000,000  "  ....286,000,000  "  Woolen  ••  ...222,000,000  "  ....303,000,000  " 

Cereals 158,000,000  "  ....   18,000,000  "  Wines 211,000.000  "  ....260,000,000  " 

Raw  Cotton..  136,000,000  "  300,000,000  "  Tabletteries 

Wood 118,000.000  "  ....151,000,000  "  Furniture.  .141, 000,000  "  ....202,000,000  " 

Coal 102,000,000  "  . . .  .118,000,000  "  Clothes 95,000,000  "  ....  124,000,000  " 

GOLD  AND  SILVER. 

Imports.  Eiports.  Imports.  Exports. 

1861 1,048,000,000  frs. . .  .507,00(1,000  frs.    1865 536,000,000  frs. . .  .456,000,000  frs. 

1862 (559,000,000  "  ....433,000,000  "     1866 420,000,000  "  ....502,000,000  " 

1863 7:34,000,000  "  ....  651,000,000  " 

1864 5:33,000,000  "  ....588,000,000  "  Total.. 3,930,000,000  "  ...3,137,000,000  " 

The  importance  of  the  greatest  centers  of  commerce  will  be  shown  by  the  amount  of 
duty  paid  in  1865,  as  follows  :  Paris  26,000,000  francs,  Marseilles  19,000,000  frs.,  Nantes  19,000,- 
000  frs.,  Havre  16,000,000  frs.,  Bordeaux  14,000,000  frs. 

The  official  report  of  Feb.  7, 1867,  states  the  amount  of  production  of  coal  to  have  been  about 
120,000,000  quintals,  of  cast  iron  about  13,000,000,  (worth  Io5,000,000  frs.)  The  most  valuable 
productions  of  agriculture  are  officially  stated  to  be  as  follows  : 

Value.  Straw. 

Wheat 1,566,000,000  francs 346,000.000  francs. 

Mixedgrain 108,000,000  "  83,000,000  " 

Rye 279,000,000  "  90.000,000  " 

Barley 147,000,000  u  25.000,000  " 

Oats 365,000,000  "  87,000,000  " 

Potatoes 268,000,000  " 

Wine 500,000,000  " 

The  number  of  letters  and  newspapers  sent  by  the  Post  Department,  was  in 

Letters.  Newspapers. 

W52 181,000,000 95,000,000 

1862 283,000,000 202,000.000 

1866 327,000,000 294,000,000 

The  length  of  the  telegraph  lines  was,  at  the  end  of  1865,  about  19,000  miles  ;  the  number  of 
private  dispatches  nearly  2,500,000. 

The  railroads  in  France  are  left  to  private  companies,  but  superintended,  and  if  necessary, 
assisted  in  their  operations  by  the  State.  They  are  now  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  six 
great  companies,  which  had,  in  1867,  an  aggregate  of  7,989$  miles  in  operation.  The  expenses 
of  the  companies  January,  1868,  and  for  finishing  conceded  lines,  exclusive  of  the  State  subsidy, 
were  estimated  at  7,883,000,000,  the  largest  portion  of  which  falls  on  the  line  from  Lyons  to  the 
Mediterranean  Sea.  The  State  subsidies  amounted,  at  the  above  date,  to  98-4,000,000.  The 
French  railroads  earned  603,000,000  francs  in  1866,  and  carried  84,000,000  travelers. 


1809.] 


FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE. 


553 


The  Bank  of  France  was  established  in  1803 ;  the  sum  of  its  circulating  notes  fluctuated,  iu 
I860,  between  810,000,000  and  1,029,000,000  francs. 

The  number  of  authorized  Savings  Banks  in  18G5,  was  477.  The  proportionally  greatest  num 
ber  of  depositors  was  reached  in  the  departments  of  the  Seine,  and  of  the  Seinc-ct-Marne, 
where  there  was  one  depositor  for  every  8  inhabitants. 

The  total  number  of  Mutual  Aid  Societies  at  the  end  of  1865,  was  5,G14,  having  54,037  members ; 
their  capital  had  increased,  Dec.  31,  1SCG,  to  43,000,000  francs. 

Colonies.  The  Colonies  are,  Martinique,  Guadeloupe,  Guiana,  Reunion,  Senegal,  St.  Pierre 
and  Miquelon,  French  Possessions  in  India,  and  Algeria.  They  arc  subjected  to  ppccial  laws. 
In  1348,  the  Provisional  Government  decreed  the  total  abolition  of  slavery  in  the  French  colo 
nies.  Guiana  is  the  chief  penal  colony  of  France. 


5.    GERMANY. 

History.  First  organization  of  Germany  into  a  kingdom  by  the  treaty  of  Verdun,  843 ;  reign 
of  Carlovingians,  until  911 ;  the  Saxon  dynasty,  919—1024;  Franconiau  dynasty,  1024—1125  ;  the 
House  of  Ilohenstaufcn,  1138 — 1254 ;  the  House  of  Ilapsburg,  from  1273,  with  short  intermissions, 
until  the  dissolution  of  the  German  empire,  1SOG  ;  establishment  of  the  German  Confederation 
of  thirty-nine  states  in  1S15,  which  existed  until  1806.  By  that  time,  six  states  had  become  ex 
tinct.  In  consequence  of  the  war,  Austria  was  excluded  from  Germany,  Luxemburg  was 
released  from  all  connection  with  Germany,  and  five  sovereign  states,  Hanover,  Hesse-Cassel 
Ilolstein,  Nassau,  and  Frankfort  were  annexed  to  Prussia.  Of  the  remainder,  twenty-one  states 
north  of  the  River  Main,  and  part  of  Hesse-Darmstadt,  formed,  under  the  leadership  of  Prus- 
sia,thc  North  German  Confederation  ;  while  four  states  in  South  Germany— Bavaria,  Wurtem- 
berg,  Baden  and  the  greater  part  of  Hesse-Darmstadt  are  designated  by  the  collective  name 
of  South  German  States.  Liechtenstein  has  no  connection  with  either  the  North  German 
Confederation  or  any  of  the  South  German  States,  though  statistically  it  is  sometimes  classed 
with  South  Germany. 

The  Constitution  of  North  Germany  was  drawn  up  by  the  Prussian  Government  in  1807.  and 
adopted  in  the  same  year  by  a  parliament,  elected,  by  universal  suffrage — at  the  rate  of  one 
member  for  100,000  inhabitants.  According  to  this  Charter,  the  states  of  Prussia,  Saxony,  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  Oldenburg.  Brunswick,  Saxe-Weimar,  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  Saxe-Meiningen, 
Anhalt,  Saxc-Coburg-Gotha,  Saxe-Altenburg,  Waldeck,  Lippe-Detmold,  Schwarzburg-Eudol- 
stadt,  Schwarzburg-Sondcrshausen,  Reuss-Schleiz,  Reuss-Greiz,  Schaumburg-Lippe,  Hamburg, 
Lubeck,  and  Bremen,  have  been  formed  into  a  Union,  for  the  protection  of  the  territory  of  the 
Union  and  its  laws,  as  well  as  for  the  care  of  the  welfare  of  the  German  people. 

Area  and  Population.  The  subjoined  table  gives  the  area  and  population  of  Germany 
entire,  according  to  the  census  of  1867 : 

NORTH  GERMANY. 


Names  of  States.                        Bq.  Miles. 

Inhabitants. 

..  24,043,290 
...  2,423.401 
.  .  .      560,618 
.  .  .  .      315,622 
,  .  .  .      303,401 

Names  of  States.                             8q.  Miles. 

Waldeck  433  . 
Lippe-Detmold        .                4HS 

Inhabitant*. 

,  .  .  .      56,805 
...    111,352 
.  .  .  .      75,074 
.  .  .  .      67,500 
.  .  .  .      43,889 
.  .  .  .      88,097 
.  ...      31.186 
801  196 

Saxony        
Mecklerburg-Schwerin  . 
Oldenbur" 

5,779... 
5,190... 
2,469... 
1,425.. 

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.  .  . 
Schwarzb'g-'Sondershauseii. 
Reuss-Greiz 

.374.. 
.332.  . 
145 

Brunswick  -. 

Saxe-Weimar  
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.  .  . 
Saxe-Meiuirigen  
Anhalt  
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  
Saxe-Altenburg  ,  

Total... 

1,404... 
1,052... 
950... 
1,020... 
700... 
510... 

...      283,044 
98,770 
.  .  .      180.335 
...      197,041 
,  .  .  .      168,735 
.  .  .      141,426 

Reuss-Schleiz  
Schaumbur(T-Lippe 

.320.. 
.171.. 
156 

Hambur"' 

Lubeck  
Bremen  

,107.. 
.  74 

.  .  .  .      48.538 
109,572 

Hesse-Darms'dt  (No.  part).l 

.283.. 

....    257,479 

.  .  .  100.207 

29.910.377 

SOUTH  GERMANY. 

Names  of  States.  8q.  Miles.  Inhabitants.  Names  of  States.  8<j.  M;les.        Inhabitants. 

Bavaria 29.373 4,824,421        Hesse-Darms'dt  (So.  part). .  .1,090     . . .  .565.059 

Wurtemberg 7.532 1,778.479        Liechtenstein 62 7,994 

Baden 5,912 1.4:34,970 

Total ' 44.509        8,01 1 .523 

Total  of  the  whole  of  Germany 204,776      38,521,900 

Adding  Luxemburg,  (199.958  inhabitants),  which  still  is  a  part  of  the  German  Zollverein.  the 

population  would  be  38,721 ,858.   Total  ol  Hesse-Darmstadt,  2,970  sq.  miles  and  823,138  inhabitants. 

The  population  of  Germany,  in  1818.  was  estimated  to  be  30,157,638;  it  had  increased,  in  1865, 

to  46,412,000,  or  51  per  cent.      If  we  deduct  the  population  of  German  Austria,  Limburg  and 


554  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Luxemburg — nearly  10,000,000 — and  add  the  population  of  the  provinces  of  Prussia  and  Posen, 
as  well  as  of  Schleswig,  which  did  not  belong  to  the  German  Confederation  before  1806,  but 
now,  being  part  of  the  North  German  Confederation,  belong  to  Germany — about  3,000,000 — wo 
have  a  population,  which  in  1818,  in  the  present  area  of  Germany  amounted  to  23,000,000,  and 
which  has  since  increased  to  about  38.000,000,  or  about  64  per  cent.  The  greatest  increase  took 
place  in  Bremen,  103  per  cent. ;  Saxony,  85  per  cent. ;  and  Reuss,  elder  line,  80  per  cent. 

There  were,  in  1SG4,  18,000,608  females,  and  17,783,255  males,  a  difference  of  313,383,  the  differ 
ence  in  France  being,  in  1800,  only  38,876.  No  European  country,  except  Ireland,  has  lost  BO 
much  by  emigration  as  Germany.  The  emigration  exceeded  that  of  Ireland  in  the  middle  of  the 
last  decade.  The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  emigrants  in  the  six  years  given : 

1847 109,531        1852 162,301        1854 241,931 

1851 112,547        1853 157,180        1857 115,976 

Education.  There  are  twenty-three  Universities  in  Germany,  viz :  Nine  in  Prussia,  (Ber 
lin,  Bonn,  Breslau,  Halle,  Greifswalde,  Konigsburg,  Gottingen,  Marburg  and  Kiel) ;  three  in 
Bavaria,  (Munich,  Wiirzburg,  Erlangen) ;  two  in  Baden,  (Heidelberg  and  Freiburg) ;  one  in 
Saxony,  (Leipsic) ;  one  in  Wiirtemberg,  (Tubingen) ;  one  in  the  Saxon  Duchies,  (Jena) ;  one 
in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse,  (Giessen) ;  one  in  Mecklenburg,  (Rostock).  There  are  six  Poly- 
technical  Institutions,  and  the  Mining  Academy  at  Freiburg. 

The  Zollverein  (Customs  Union).  The  German  Zollverein  began  in  1828,  by  a  Customs 
Union  between  Prussia  aud  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse,  and  the  Duchy  of  Anhalt.  It  nov,- 
embraces  all  the  German  countries.  It  is  to  continue  until  the  end  of  December,  1877.  A 
Federal  Customs  Council  and  Parliament  has  been  instituted.  In  the  former,  Prussia  has 
17  votes,  Bavaria  6,  Saxony  and  Wurtemberg  4  each,  Baden  and  Hesse  3  each,  Schwerin  and 
Brunswick  2  each,  Weimar,  Strelitz,  Oldenburg,  Meiniugen,  Altenburg,  Gotha,  Anhalt,  Rudol- 
stadt,  Sondershausen,  Waldeck,  Reuss  elder  and  younger  line,  Schaumburg-Lippe,  Hamburg, 
Bremen,  and  Lubek,  1  each ;  total,  58  votes.  The  Customs  Parliament  is  formed  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the  North  German  Parliament,  aud  of  delegates  of  the  South  German  States  by  universal 
and  direct  election.  The  total  Revenue  of  the  Zollverein  rose  from  23,000,000  thalcrs  in  1848,  to 
31,000,000  thalers  in  1866. 

The  Zollverein  exported  cotton  goods,  in  1864,  to  the  amount  of  35,941  quintals.  The  beet- 
sugar  manufacture  in  the  territory  of  the  Zollverein,  in  1865—66  consumed  43,500,000  quintals 
of  beets.  There  were,  in  1864,  1,744  foundries,  producing  37,000,000  quintals,  of  118,000,000 
thalers  value.  The  4,788  mines,  in  the  same  year,  wrought  by  191,000  workingmen,  yielded 
580,000,000  quintals,  of  54,000,000  thalers  value.  There  are,  excluding  the  mills,  nearly  180,000 
manufacturing  establishments  in  the  Zollverein.  There  were,  in  1865,  280,476  depositors  in  Ger 
man  Life  Insurance  companies,  representing  a  capital  of  278,000,000  thalers  ;  there  Avere  in  the 
same  year,  about  1,500  Mutual  Aid  (credit)  societies,  consisting  of  350,000  members. 

The  Merchant  Navy  of  the  North  German  Confederation  consisted,  in  the  beginning  of  1868, 
of  4,407  sea-going  vessels,  of  1,345,268  tons,  and  of  5,479  river  and  coasting  vessels,  of  115,359 
tons.  It  was  manned  by  33,800  men.  There  entered  the  pofts  of  the  Zollverein,  in  1865,  18,832 
sailing  vessels  and  1,639  steamers  ;  cleared,  18,552  sailing  vessels  and  1,645  steamers. 

NORTH  GERMANY. 

Government.  The  following  are  the  main  features  of  the  new  Constitution  of  North  Ger 
many  :  The  legislative  power  is  exercised  by  a  Federal  Council  and  a  Parliament,  They  control 
the  customs,  commercial  legislation,  coining  of  money,  weights  and  measures,  banking  questions, 
questions  relating  to  the  rights  of  natives  and  aliens,  patents  for  inventions,  protection  of  Ger 
man  trade,  railways  and  roads,  postal  and  telegraphic  services,  navigation  of  rivers,  common 
law  procedure,  commercial  law,  and  the  laws  upon  change.  The  Federal  Council  forms  the 
representation  of  the  various  governments.  Its  votes  are  divided  thus:  Prussia,  17,  Saxony,  4, 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  2,  Brunswick,  2 ;  all  other  states,  1  each,  making  a  total  of  43  votes. 
The  Presidency  of  the  Federation  belongs  to  the  Prussian  crown.  The  King  of  Prussia  acts  on 
behalf  of  the  Federation  in  its  intercourse  with  foreign  states  ;  he  declares  war  or  concludes 
peace,  and  he  appoints  the  embassadors.  The  Federal  Council  is  presided  over  by  a  Chancellor 
of  the  Federation,  appointed  by  the  King  of  Prussia.  This  Council  and  the  Parliament  assem 
ble  every  year.  The  Parliament  is  elected  by  universal  and  direct  suffrage,  for  three  years,  and 
in  case  of  dissolution,  a  new  election  must  take  place  within  60  days.  The  naval  forces  of  the 
Northern  and  Baltic  seas  are  placed  under  the  supreme  command  of  Prussia.  Every  North- 
German  is  liable  to  service,  and  no  substitution  is  allowed.  The  strength  of  the  Federal  army 
on  the  peace  footing,  is  settled  upon  the  basis  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  population.  All  the  troops 
form  one  army,  under  the  command  of  the  King  of  Prussia.  Changes  in  the  Constitution  can 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  555 

only  be  voted  in  Parliament  and  the  Federal  Council  by  a  two-thirds  majority.  The  Charter 
provides,  finally,  that  negotiations  shall  be  entered  into  with  the  Southern  States,  to  arrive  at 
a  settlement  of  new  relations,  and,  if  possible  to  complete  the  union  between  the  northern  and 
southern  divisions  of  the  German  Empire.  The  Federal  Chancellor  is  Count  of  Bismarck- 
Schonhausen,  President  of  the  Prussian  Ministry,  and  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs. 
Finances.  The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  Federal  budget  for  1808 : 

EXPENDITURE. 

Ordinary.  Eitraordinary. 

Federal  Chaucellry,  Council,  &c 70,550  thalers.  thalers. 

Parliament 20,458  kk 

Federal  Consulates 152,000  "  55,000      " 

Military  Administration 06,417,573  " 

Marine               "              2,340,003  "  2,028,376      " 

Postal  and  Newspaper  Departments 198,683      " 

Telegraph 275,000      " 

Total...  09,001,184     "  3,157,059      " 

Grand  Total 72,158,243      " 

REVENUE. 

Customs  and  Taxes  on  consumption  by  the  Zollverein 47,192,110  thalers. 

"          "        by  Federal  States  not  belonging  to  the  Zollverein.  2,290,570  " 

Postal  and  Newspaper  Administration 2,421,702  u 

Telegraphs                                   u 275,000  " 

Sundries 135,234  " 

Stipulated  Contributions 19,837,507  " 

Total 72,158,243      " 

Of  these  stipulated  contributions,  Prussia's  share  is  nearly  17,000,000,  that  of  Saxony,  a  little 
over  1,500,000. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  North-German  Army  consists  of  13  army  corps  (1  garde  and  12 
line),  embracing  27  divisions,  or  54  infantry  and  28  cavalry  brigades,  or  118  infantry  regiments,  18 
chasseur  battalions,  70  regiments  of  cavalry,  13£  regiments  of  field  artillery  and  104-  regiments  of 
artillery  of  fortifications,  13J-  battalions  of  pioneers,  and  134-  battalions  of  train.  Of  infantry 
troops,  Prussia  furnishes  97,  and  Saxony  9  regiments. 

The  "Landwehr"  consists  of  207  battalions  and  16  divisions  of  chasseurs,  64  squadrons  of 
cavalry,  104-  regiments  of  artillery — altogether,  in  peace,  12,974,  and  in  war,  200,254  men.  The 
reserve  troops,  when  mobilized,  amount  to  180,672  men.  Total  of  troops  on  peace  footing, 
319,286  men  ;  on  war  footing,  972,434  men.  The  Navy  of  North  Germany  consists  of  5  iron-clad 
frigates,  9  corvettes,  8  first-class  gunboats,  14  screw  gunboats,  6  sailing  vessels,  and  smaller  ves 
sels  (see  Prussia)— altogether  of  87  ships,  mounting  549  guns. 

PRUSSIA. 

Capital,  Berlin.    Area,  135,806  square  miles.    Population,  24,043,296. 

Provinces.  The  official  census,  held  in  the  states  of  the  Zollverein,  Dec.  3, 1867,  gives  the 
following  table  of  the  population  of  Prussia  proper,  and  of  the  newly  acquired  territories : 

OLD  PROVINCES. 

Prussia , 3,090,960        Saxony ...2,067,066 

Posen  1,637,338        Westphalia 1,707,726 

Brandenburg 2,719,775       Rhino  Provinces 3,455,358 

Pomerania 1,445,635       Hohenzollern 64,632 

Silesia 3,585,752       Jahde 1,748 

NEW  ACQUISITIONS. 

Hanover 1,937,637       Duchy  of  Lauenburg 49,978 

*Franconia 981,718        Garrisons  outside  of  Prussia. . .         18,228 

Schleswig-Holstein 1,379,745 

Total  (old  and  new  provinces) 24,043,296 

According  to  the  census  of  1861,  there  were  in  the  old  Prussian  Monarchy,  2,480,609  inhab 
itants  not  belonging  to  the  German  race,  or  speaking  the  German  language  in  daily  and  familiar 
conversation.  Disregarding  the  distinction  between  High  and  Low  German,  there  are  as  many 
as  ten  different  languages  spoken  in  the  old  Kingdom.  15,718,600  Prussians  speak  German  as 
their  native  tongue ;  1,913,880  speak  Polish  (in  the  provinces  of  Prussia,  Posen  and  Silesia) ; 
233,341  speak  Massuric  (near  Gumbiunen  and  Konigsburg) ;  7,652  speak  Kassubic  (near  Marien- 
werder,  Konigsbreg  and  COslin);  136,990  speak  Lithuanian  (in  the  districts  of  Gumbinnen 

*  The  province  of  Franconia  consists  of  the  districts  of  Cassel  and  Wiesbaden,  and  embraces 
the  former  states  of  Hesse-Cassel,  Nassau  and  Frankfort. 


556  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

and  Konigsbcrg) ;  414  speak  old  Kurish  (in  the  districts  of  Gumbinnen  and  Konigsberg) ; 
82,£32  speak  Vv'cnclish  (in  the  provinces  of  Prussia  and  Silesia) ;  10,317  speak  Bohemian  (in  Si 
lesia)  ;  48,554  speak  Moravian  (in  the  district  of  Oppeln) ;  10,502  speak  Walloon  (in  the  neigh 
borhood  of  Aix-la-Chapelle). 

The  average  density  of  the  population  was,  in  1867,  about  142  per  English  square  mile,  it  being 
highest  in  the  manufacturing  district  of  DusseUlorf.  The  number  of  families  was  3,018,8515. 
There  was  1  deaf  and  dumb  person  to  every  1, £11,  and.  1  blind  in  1,731  of  the  population  of 
Prussia.  About  9,000,000  of  the  population  of  the  old  Kingdom  are  engaged  in  agriculture. 

The  chief  cities  of  Prussia  have  the  following  population,  according  to  the  last  census : 

Berlin 702,4:37  (18G7)        Hanover 79,649  (1864)        Barmen (54,805  (1867) 

Bre  l;m      .     .1(;(5,744     "  Frankf't  en  the  Main  78,245      "  Elbcrfeld 64,732     " 

Cologne 1£(J,2'J3     "  Stettin 73,602  (1867)        Crcfcld .1-3,837     " 

Magdeburg. .  .103,981      "  Aix-la-Chapelle 67,923     "  Posen 53,£83  (1864) 

KOnigsbefg...  101,507  (1861) 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  WILLIAM  I.,  King  of  Prussia,  born  March  22, 1797, 
second  son  of  King  Frederick  William  III.  and  Princess  Louise  of  Mccklcnburg-Strelitz ;  took 
part  in  the  campaigns  of  1818  and  1815  against  France  ;  Commandcr-in-Chief  of  the  Prussian 
troops  against  the  revolutionary  army  of  Baden,  June  1849 ;  appointed  Regent  of  the  Kingdom 
during  the  mental  illness  of  his  brother,  King  Frederick  William  IV.,  Oct.  9, 1858;  ascended  the 
throne  at  the  death  of  his  brother,  Jan.  2,  1C61 ;  married  June  11,  1829,  to  Augusta,  born  Sept. 
30, 1811,  daughter  of  the  late  Grand-Duke  Charles  Frederick,  of  Saxe-Weimar.  Children: 
1.  Prince  Frederick  William,  heir-apparent,  born  Oct.  18,  1831 ;  2.  Princess  Louise,  born  Dec. 
3,  1838,  married  to  the  Grand  Duke  of  Baden. 

Frederick  III.,  of  the  family  of  Hohenzollcrn,  was  elevated  to  the  rank  of  a  Prince  of  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  in  1273,  and  received  the  Burgraviate  of  Nuremberg  in  fief.  Ilia  great- 
grandson,  Frederick  VI.,  was  invested  by  Emperor  Sigismund,  in  1411,  with  the  province  of 
Brandenburg,  and  obtained  the  rank  of  Elector  in  1417.  Margrave  Albert  of  Hohenzollcrn  was, 
in  1511,  elected  to  the  post  of  Grand-Master  of  the  Teutonic  Knights,  owners  of  the  large 
province  of  Prussia,  and  he  declared  himself  afterwards  hereditary  prince.  The  early  extinc 
tion  of  Albert's  line  brought  the  province  of  Prussia  to  the  Electors  of  Brandenburg.  The 
"  Great  Elector,"  Frederick  William,  dying  in  1C88,  left  a  country  of  one  and  a  half  million 
people,  a  vast  treasure,  and  38.000  well-drilled  troops  to  his  son  Frederick  I.,  who  declared  him 
self  king,  at  Konigsberg,  1701.  His  successor,  Frederick  William  I.,  added  part  of  Pomerania 
to  his  possessions.  His  son,  Frederick  II.,  "the  Great,"  added  Silesia  and  gained  a  large  ter 
ritory  in  the  first  partition  of  Poland.  Another  partition  of  Poland  increased  the  territory 
under  Frederick  William  II.,  to  nearly  100,000  square  miles,  with  about  nine  millions  of  peo 
ple.  By  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  Prussia  was  increased  by  parts  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony, 
the  Rhine  lands,  and  Swedish  Pomerania.  The  war  of  1866  shaped  Prussia  into  a  compact 
State  of  iai,806  square  miles,  and  a  population  of  24,043,296,  by  the  acquisition  of  Laueuburg, 
Schleswig-IIolstein,  Hanover,  Hesse,  Frankfort  and  Nassau. 

Dating  from  Elector  Frederick  II.  of  Brandenburg,  who  called  himself  King  Frederick  I.  of 
Prussia,  there  have  been  the  following  sovereigns  of  the  House  of  Hohenzollern  :  Frederick  I., 
1701;  Frederick  William  I.,  1713;  Frederick  II.  the  Great,  1740;  Frederick  William  II.,  1786; 
Frederick  William  III.,  1797;  Frederick  William  IV.,  1840;  William  I.,  1861. 

Government.  The  present  constitution,  granted  by  King  Frederick  William  IV.,  in  con- 
sequence  of  the  revolutionary  events  of  1848,  has  been  repeatedly  and  considerably  modified. 
It  vests  the  executive  and  part  of  the  legislative  authority  in  the  King,  whose  crown  is  hered 
itary  in  the  male  line  only.  In  the  exercise  of  the  Government,  the  King  is  assisted  by  a 
council  of  ministers,  appointed  and  dismissed  by  himself.  He  shares  the  legislative  authority 
with  a  representative  assembly,  composed  of  two  Chambers,  the  "Herrenhaus"  (House  of 
Lords),  and  the  "Abgeordnetenhaus"  (Chamber  of  Deputies).  The  assent  of  the  King  and 
both  Chambers  is  requisite  for  all  laws.  Financial  projects  must  first  be  submitted  to  the 
second  Chamber.  The  right  of  proposing  laws  is  vested  in  the  King  and  in  both  Chambers. 

The  Upper  Chamber  is  composed  of  the  princes  of  the  royal  family  ;  the  chiefs  of  the  media 
tised  princely  houses  (16) ;  the  heads  of  the  territorial  nobility  formed  by  the  King  (about  50) ; 
a  number  of  life  peers,  chosen  by  the  King  from  among  the  rich  land-owners,  great  manufac 
turers,  and  "national  celebrities;"  eight  titled  noblemen  elected  in  the  8  provinces  of  Prussia  by 
the  resident  land-owners  of  all  degrees;  the  representatives  of  the  universities,  the  heads  of 
"chapters,"  and  the  mayors  of  towns  with  above  50,000  inhabitants  ;  an  unlimited  number  of 
members  nominated  by  the  King  for  life  or  for  a  certain  period.  The  second  Chamber  consists 
of  432  members.  Every  Prussian  who  has  attained  his  25th  year,  and  is  qualified  to  vote  for 
the  municipal  elections  of  his  place  of  domicile,  is  eligible  to  vote  as  indirect  elector.  Th« 


18C9.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  557 

indirect  electors  are  divided  into  three  classes,  according  to  the  respective  amount  of  direct 
taxes  paid  by  each.  The  representatives  arc  chosen  by  the  direct  electors.  Their  legislative 
period  is  limited  to  3  years. 

The  Executive.  The  Executive  Government  is  carried  on,  under  the  King,  by  an  irre 
sponsible  Council  of  State,  and  a  nominally  responsible  Council  of  Ministers.  The  latter  is 
divided  into  ten  departments,  which  arc  :  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Count  OTTO  vox  BIS 
MARCK  -SciioNHAUSEN,  appointed  18G2;  Minister  of  Finance,  Baron  A.  VON  DEII  UEYDT,  ap 
pointed  1866 ;  Minister  cf  the  Eoyal  House,  Baron  A.  VON  SCHLEINITZ,  appointed  1SG1 ;  Minister 
of  War,  General  VON  ROON,  appointed  1859;  Minister  of  Marine,  Rear- Admiral  JACIOIANN,  ap 
pointed  1807 ;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Count  EULENEUKG,  appointed  1SG2 ;  Minister  of  Justice, 
Dr.  LEONHAKDT,  appointed  18G7  ;  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  and  Eccl.  Affairs,  VON 
MUIILER,  appointed  1SG2;  Minister  cf  Agriculture,  YON  SELCHOW,  appointed  1862;  Minister 
of  Commerce  and  Public  Works,  Count  II.  VON  ITZENPLITZ,  appointed  18G2. 

Education.  Public  Education  in  Prussia  is  more  perfect  than  in  any  other  country  on  the 
European  Continent.  Attendance  at  school  is  enforced  by  law,  the  school  time  extending  from 
6  to  14  years  complete.  The  children  of  poor  persona  arc  instructed  gratuitously  at  the  public 
expense.  The  whole  of  the  educational  establishments  are  more  or  less  under  the  immediate 
control  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction. 

There  were,  in  1864,  in  public  primary  schools  2,938,679  children,  in  private  primary  schools 
87,574 — total,  3,026,253.  There  were,  in  the  same  year,  144  gymnasia  (colleges),  with  2,188 
teachers  ;  the  number  increased  in  18GG,  in  the  old  provinces,  to  153  gymnasia,  besides  2G  pro- 
gymnasia,  59  "Real"  schools  of  first  rank  and  27  oi'  second  rar.k.  There  are  G  Universities, 
(Berlin,  Bonn,  Breslau,  Greifswaldc,  Halle,  Konigsberg),  and  one  Academy  in  Minister;  the 
number  of  matriculated  students  in  1864  being  5,873;  to  this  add  3  Universities  (Kiel,  GGttin- 
gen  and  Marburg),  in  the  recently  acquired  territory.  Of  the  recruits  in  1864-65,  there  were 
75  per  cent,  satisfactorily  instructed. 

Finances.  According  to  the  budget  for  1867,  the  revenue  and  expenditures  for  Prussia 
proper,  amounted  to  168,929,873  thalers.  That  of  the  newly  acquired  territory  is  as  follows  : 

Hanover 22.589,700  thalers.        Nassau 8.254,030  florins. 

Electorate  of  Hesse 5,749,000      "  Frankfort-on-the-Main 2,.7i  6,485      " 

Schleswig-Holstein 7,671.304      "  Ceded  Hessian  territory 478,800      " 

Hesee-Homburg 625,712  florins.         Ceded  Bavarian  296,750 

In  the  estimates  for  1868  the  revenue  and  expenditure  is  fixed  at  159,861,879  thalers. 

The  Public  debt  of  Prussia  was,  in  1862,  274,000,000  thalers ;  on  the  1st  of  Jan.  18G6,  231,000,- 
000  thalers ;  at  the  end  of  1866,  after  the  war  with  Austria,  341,000,000  thalers.  According  to  the 
estimates  for  1868,  the  public  debt  amounts  to  : 

Prussia  proper :  Thaler*.         New  territory,  (all  bearing  interest) :    Thalers. 

1.  National  debt  bearing  int 274,818,400         Hanover 41,160,504 

2.  "     not  bearing  int. . .  15,842,347         Hesse  (Electorate) 16,5:35,250 

3.  Provincial  and  railway  debt 21,324,8-15         Nassau 20,516,921 

4.  Floating  debt 10,000,000         Hessc-Homburg 161,142 

— : Schleswig-Holstein 22.141,657 

Total  public  debt  in  1867 321,985,592 

Total 100,515,474 

The  j'avorable  issue  of  the  war  of  Prussia  against  Austria,  in  18G6,  enabled  it  to  get  from  the 
defeated  States  a  contribution  of  60,000,000  of  thalers,  while  the  expenditure  for  this  war 
amounted  to  108,000,000.  The  total  of  expenses  occasioned  by  the  acquisitions  of  the  war  of 
1866,  including  war  expenses,  debts  of  the  annexed  States,  indemnities,  expenses  and  adminis 
tration  of  the  new  provinces,  is  estimated  to  be  239.000,000  thalers. 

Army  and  Navy.  Every  man  capable  of  bearing  arms  must  enter  the  army  ;  there  are, 
however,  practically  some  exceptions.  No  substitution  whatever  is  allowed.  Every  Prussian 
subject  is  enrolled  as  a  soldier  after  completing  his  20th  year ;  he  is  required  to  be  in  service  7 
years,  of  which  3  must  be  spent  in  the  regular  army,  and  the  remaining  4  years  in  the  army 
of  reserve.  At  the  end  of  this  term  the  soldier  enters  the  "Landwehr,"  or  militia,  for  9  years. 
After  these  16  years  of  service  he  is  enrolled,  till  the  age  of  50,  in  the  "Landsturm,"  which 
body  is  only  called  upon  for  service  within  the  frontiers  of  the  country  in  case  of  invasion.  ' 

The  strength  of  a  Prussian  battalion  in  peace  is  518  men.  raised  in  war  to  1.002  by  calling  in 
part  of  the  reserves ;  it  is  divided  into  4  companies.  During  peace  each  regiment  of  infantry 
consists  of  3  battalions,  each  brigade  of  2  regiments,  each  infantry  division  of  2  brigades.  The 
corps  d'armie  is  independent  in  itself,  and  includes  not  only  troops  of  all  three  arms,  but  a  por 
tion  of  all  the  stores  and  appliances  required  by  a  whole  army ;  each  corps  consists  of  2  divi 
sion?  of  infantry.  1  cavalry  division  (4  regiments),  2  horse  artillery  batteries,  and  a  reserve  of 
artillery  of  4  field  batteries  and  2  mounted  batteries. 


558  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

When  a  war  is  imminent,  the  Government  decrees  the  mobilisation  of  the  whole  army.  In 
preparing  for  the  campaign  in  18G6,  the  whole  field  army  and  the  first  levy  of  Landwehr  were 
mobilised  in  about  two  weeks. 

The  army  as  organized  in  1866,  numbered  on  peace  footing  a  total  strength  of  319,286  men ;  on 
war  footing,  972,434  men.  It  embraces  the  army  of  the  other  North  German  States. 

There  are  27  fortresses  in  the  kingdom,  viz. :  Saarlouis,  Coblenz  (Ehrenbreitstein),  Cologne, 
(with  Deutz),  Minden,  Erfurt,  Magdeburg,  Wittenberg,  Torgau,  Spandau,  Costlin,  Stettin, 
Stralsund,  Colberg,  Glogan,  Cosel,  Glatz,  Schweidnitz,  Neisse,  Posen,  Graudenz,  Thorn, 
Swinemiinde,  Marienburg,  Danzig,  Pillau,  Konigsberg  and  Lotzen.  Prussia  has,  besides,  the 
right  of  garrisoning  atMentz  and  Konigstein  (Saxony). 

The  Prussian  navy— with  which  the  North-German  Navy  is  identical— is  composed  of  43 
steamers,  8  sailing  and  36  rowing  vessels— total,  87  war  vessels,  mounting  549  guns. 

The  personnel  of  the  navy  consists  of:  1  admiral,  1  rear-admiral,  20  captains,  33  commanders, 
38  lieutenants,  39  sub-lieutenants,  136  cadets,  39  marine  officers  and  300  boys  ;  total,  2,291  offi 
cers,  seamen  and  boys.  There  are,  besides,  5  companies  of  marines,  4  of  infantry,  and  1  of  artil 
lery,  numbering  about  1.200  men.  The  sailors  and  marines  of  the  fleet  are  raised  by  conscrip 
tion.  Great  inducements  are  held  out  for  able  seamen  to  volunteer  in  the  navy.  Prussia  has  4 
ports  of  war,  at  Kiel,  Danzig,  Stralsund,  and  the  bay  of  Jahde,  on  the  North  Sea. 

Commerce.  The  merchant  navy  consisted,  in  1867,  of  1,255  ships,  of  188,753  lasts  (2  tons). 
If  we  include  the  vessels  of  the  new  acquisitions,  we  have  a  total  of  5,302  ships  of  325,349 
lasts.  The  total  import  of  1867  reached  the  value  of  $39,000,000,  the  total  export  $12,000,000. 

In  1865  the  total  value  of  mining  products  amounted  to  48,000,000  thalers,  and  that  of  the  for 
ges  to  106,000,000 ;  number  of  workingmen,  232,233.  The  coal  mines  alone  produced  372,000,000 
of  quintals.  There  were,  at  the  end  of  1865, 517  savings-banks,  with  89,000,000th.  as  investment. 

At  the  end  of  1866  the  length  of  the  41  railroads  in  the  increased  State  was  calculated  to  be 
1,23H  Prussian,  or  5,665  English  miles.  In  1865  there  were  1,831  locomotives  and  40,872  cars. 
The  receipts,  in  the  same  year,  amounted  to  about  $90,000,000.  The  State  railways  form  an  im 
portant  source  of  public  revenue.  The  length  of  telegraph  lines  was,  at  the  beginning  of  1866, 
about  8,500  English  miles. 

SAXONY. 

Capital,  Dresden.    Area,  5,779  square  miles.    Population,  2,423,401. 
The  Kingdom  of  Saxony  is  divided  into  four  districts,  as  follows : 

Districts.  Inhabitants,  1857.  Districts.  Inhabitants,  1867. 

Dresden 640,538       Bautzen 321,701 

Leipsic 552,815       Zwickau 908,347 

Total 2.423,401 

The  chief  cities  are  Dresden,  155,971  inhabitants ;  Leipsic,  91,598  inhabitants,  and  Chemnitz, 
58.942  inhabitants.  There  are  491,839  families  to  241,853  inhabited  dwelling  houses;  53,760 
inhabitants  belong  to  the  Wendish  race ;  38  per  cent,  of  the  population  live  in  towns,  and  62  per 
cent,  in  the  country.  Number  of  births,  in  1864,  was  98,760 ;  deaths,  68,314  ;  marriages,  20,928. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  JOHN  I.,  King  of  Saxony,  born  Dec.  12, 1S01,  second 
son  of  Duke  Maximilian  of  Saxony,  and  Princess  Caroline  of  Parma ;  succeeded  to  the  throne, 
at  the  death  of  his  brother,  King  Frederick  Augustus,  Aug.  9,  1854.  Married  Nov.  21,  1822,  to 
Amelia,  born  Nov.  13,  1801,  daughter  of  the  late  King  Maximilian  I.  of  Bavaria.  Children:  1. 
Albert,  Duke  of  Saxony  and  heir  apparent,  born  April  23, 1828;  2.  Elizabeth,  born  Feb.  4,  1830; 
3.  George,  Duke  of  Saxony,  bom  Aug.  8,  1832. 

The  Saxon  dynasty  is  one  of  the  oldest  reigning  families  in  Europe.  It  gave  an  emperor  to 
Germany  at  the  beginning  of  the  tenth  century,  and  subsequently  spread  into  numerous 
branches,  the  elder  of  which,  the  Ernestine  line,  is  now  represented  by  the  ducal  families  of 
Saxe-Altenburg,  Saxe-Cobnrg-Gotha,  Saxe-Meiningen,  and  Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ;  while  the 
younger,  the  Albertine  line,  flourishes  in  the  present  royal  house  of  Saxony. 

Government.  According  to  the  constitution  of  Saxony,  the  crown  is  hereditary  in  the  male 
line,  but  descending  to  the  female  line  in  case  the  male  becomes  extinct.  The  sole  executive 
power  is  in  the  hands  of  the  King,  which  he  exercises  through  responsible  ministers.  The  leg 
islature  is  jointly  in  the  King  and  Parliament,  the  latter  consisting  of  two  Chambers.  The  Upper 
Chamber  comprises  the  royal  princes,  8  barons,  12  deputies  elected  by  the  other  nobles,  10  noble 
men  appointed  by  the  King  for  life,  the  mayors  of  8  towns,  the  superintendents  and  deputies  of  5 
collegiate  institutions,  of  the  University  of  Leipsic,  and  of  the  Roman  Catholic  chapter  of  St. 
Peter  at  Bautzen.  The  Lower  Chamber  is  made  up  of  20  deputies  of  landed  proprietors,  25  of 
towns  and  cities,  25  of  peasants  and  commoners,  and  5  representatives  of  commerce  and  man- 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  559 

ufacturing  industry.  Both  houses  have  the  right  to  make  propositions  for  new  laws,  the  bills 
for  which,  however,  must  come  from  the  ministry.  No  taxes  can  be  levied  without  the  sanc 
tion  of  both  Chambers. 

The  Council  of  Ministers.  Minister  of  Justice,  Dr.  R.  SCHNEIDER,  appointed  1866 ;  Min 
ister  of  Finance,  Baron  R.  VON  FIUESEN,  appointed  1858;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  H.  VON  Nos- 
TITZ-WALLWITZ,  appointed  1866 ;  Minister  of  War,  Lieut.  General  A.  VON  FABRICS,  appointed 
1866;  Minister  of  Education  and  Eccl.  Affairs,  Dr.  J.  P.  VON  FALKENSTEIN,  appointed  1855. 

Education.  Public  education  has  reached  the  highest  point  in  Saxony,  every  child,  with 
out  exception,  partaking  of  its  benefits.  On  the  average,  95  of  every  100  children  capable  of 
instruction  are  in  attendance  at  school. 

Finances.  The  budget  of  Saxony  for  each  of  the  years  1868  and  1869,  fixes  the  annual  rev 
enue  and  expenditure  at  13,371,057  thalers. 

The  amount  of  public  debt,  at  the  end  of  1867,  was  75,264,C62  thalers.  The  greater  part  of  the 
Saxon  railways  are  State  property,  and  a  very  considerable  revenue  is  derived  from  this  source, 
varying  from  1.500,000  to  2,000,000  thalers ;  their  gross  income  amounted  in  1867,  to  7,500,000 
thalers.  The  length  of  State  railways  at  the  beginning  of  1862,  was  252  miles.  The  value  of 
the  public  domains  was  estimated  at  the  same  date,  at  25,000,000  thalers. 

Army.  The  army  has  been  completely  re-organized  and  forms  now  substantially  a  part  of  the 
Prussian  army  according  to  the  charter  of  North  Germany.  The  effective  strength  of  the  Saxon 
army— the  12th  army  corps  of  the  North  German  Confederation— in  peace,  is  24,143 ;  'in  war, 
36,000  men,  excluding  substitutes  and  militia. 

Industry.  Industry  flourishes  highly  in  Saxony,  so  much  eo  that  of  the  2,225,240  inhabitants 
in  1861,  not  less  than  1,248,677  followed  industrial  pursuits;  only  559,013  were  engaged  in  agri 
culture,  and  172,946  in  commerce.  There  were  at  the  end  of  1865,  505,000,000  thalers  insured 
in  fire  insurances.  There  were  in  1865,  232  coal  works;  325  mines  employing  10,122  working- 
men,  and  producing  in  value  1,607,694  thalers  ;  production  of  iron  foundries,  2,204,442  thalers. 

MECKLENBURG--SCHWERIN. 

Capital,  Schwerin.    Area,  5,190  square  miles.    Population,  560.618. 

This  Grand  Duchy  is  but  thinly  populated ;  emigration  has  been  carrying  off  large  numbers 
of  inhabitants,  and  the  population  is  decreasing.  The  sovereign  possesses  about  one-fifth 
of  the  land ;  the  nobility  seven-tenths.  The  agricultural  population  is  but  little  above  the  con 
dition  of  serfs.  Numerous  restrictions  on  marriage  have  produced  a  greater  proportion  of  ille 
gitimate  children  than  in  any  other  part  of  Germany.  The  capital  had  24,681  inhabitants  in 
1866.  The  population  is  a  mixture  of  German  (preponderating)  and  Slavic  elements. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  FREDERICK  FRANCIS  II.,  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwcrin,  born  Feb.  28, 1823,  son  of  Grand  Duke  Paul  Frederick  and  Princess  Alexandrine 
of  Prussia ;  succeeded  his  father  March  7,  1842 ;  married,  in  second  nuptials,  May  12, 1864,  to 
Princess  Anna,  daughter  of  the  late  Grand  Duke  Ludwig  II.  of  Darmstadt.  Children :  1.  Prince 
Frederick  Francis,  heir  apparent,  born  March  19, 1851.  2.  Prince  Paul  Frederick,  born  1852. 
3.  Princess  Mary,  born  1854.  4.  Prince  John  Albert,  born  1857. 

The  Grand  Ducal  House  of  Mecklenburg  is  the  only  reigning  family  in  Europe  of  Slavonic 
origin.  The  Princes  received  the  ducal  title  from  the  Emperor  Charles  IV.  in  1340,  and  assumed 
that  of  Grand  Duke  by  permission  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  in  1815. 

Government.  The  political  institutions  are  of  an  entirely  feudal  character.  Nearly  the 
whole  legislative  power  and  part  of  the  executive  are  in  the  hands  of  the  624  proprietors  of 
knight's  estates;  39  members  are  delegated,  besides,  by  the  municipalities  and  corporate 
bodies.  The  great  bulk  of  the  population  is  without  political  rights.  The  executive  is  repre 
sented  in  a  ministry  appointed  by  and  responsible  alone  to  the  Grand  Duke. 

Education.  In  point  of  education,  the  Grand  Duchy  is  behind  all  other  states  of  the  con 
federation.  Of  the  3,744  recruits  raised  in  1858-61,  only  322  per  1,000  could  read,  131  write,  and 
58  cast  accounts. 

Finances.  No  official  budget  has  ever  been  published.  Revenue  and  expenditure  in  1866, 
amounted  to  363,170  thalers.  The  total  amount  of  the  public  debt  in  1866,  was  7,628,400  thalers. 
Industry  is  low;  there  are  almost  no  manufactories. 

Army.    The  army  in  1867,  consisted  of  5,386  men,  1,119  horses,  and  14  guns. 

OLDENBURG-. 

Capital,  Oldenburg.    Area,  2,469  square  miles.    Population,  315,622. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  PETER  I.,  Grand  Duke  of  Oldenburg,  born  July  8. 
1827,  eon  of  Grand  Duke  Augustus  and  Princess  Ida  of  Anhalt-Bernburg;  succeeded  Feb.  27, 


560  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869, 

1853 ;  married  Feb.  10, 1852,  to  Elizabeth,  born  March  26, 1826,  daughter  of  Prince  Joseph  of  Saxe- 
Altenburg.  Children:  1.  Prince  Frederick  Augustus,  heir  apparent,  born  Nov.  1C,  1852.  2. 
Prince  George  Louis,  born  June  27, 1855.  The  Grand  Duke's  sister,  Princess  Amelia,  was  mar 
ried  in  1830,  to  Prince  Otho  of  Bavaria,  King  of  Greece,  1833-62.  The  ancient  house  of  Olden 
burg  has  given  sovereigns  to  Denmark,  Scandinavia,  and  Russia. 

Government.  The  constitution  grants  liberty  of  the  press,  trial  by  jury,  and  equality  of  all 
citizens  in  political  and  social  matters.  The  legislative  power  is  exercised  by  a  Diet  elected 
for  three  years  by  the  votes  of  all  citizens  paying  taxes,  the  mode  of  election  being  indirect. 

Finances.  The  budget  estimates  for  1867,  are  as  follows:  Revenue,  2,577,000  thalers; 
expenditure,  2,464,560  thalers ;  surplus,  112,440  thalers.  The  chief  item  of  revenue  is  from  cus 
toms  and  the  produce  of  state  property.  The  public  debt  at  the  end  of  I860,  was  6,090,300 
thalers. 

Army.  The  troops  of  Oldenburg  numbering  1,815  men  in  peace,  and  4,049  men  in  war,  form 
a  part  of  the  Prussian  army. 

Commerce.  The  commercial  navy  in  1866,  consisted  of  621  ships,  of  a  total  burthen  of 
32,507  lasts.  The  trade  is  principally  confined  to  a  coasting  traffic  with  the  neighboring  coun 
tries  en.  the  North  Sea.  The  chief  exports  are  rape  seed,  beans,  oats,  barley,  and  wheat. 

SAXE-WEIMAR. 

Capital,  Weimar.    Area,  1,404  square  miles.    Population,  283,044. 

This  Grand  Duchy  is  divided  into  three  districts.  The  population  has  been  increasing  since 
1820,  at  the  rate  of  about  one  per  cent,  per  annum,  although  emigration  carries  off  about  2,000  a 
year.  The  capital  has  14,279  inhabitants. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  CHARLES  ALEXANDER,  Grand  Duke  of  Saxe-Weimar, 
born  June  24,  1818,  son  of  Grand  Duke  Charles  Frederick  and  Marie,  daughter  of  the  Czar  Paul 
I.  of  Russia;  succeeded  his  father  July  8,  1853 ;  married  Oct.  8,  1842,  to  Sophie,  born  April  8, 
1824,  daughter  of  King  William  II.  of  the  Netherlands.  Children  :  1.  Prince  Charles  Augustus, 
heir  apparent,  born  July  31,  1844.  2.  Princess  Marie,  born  1849.  3.  Princess  Elizabeth,  born 
1854.  The  sister  of  the  Grand  Duke,  Princess  Augusta,  born  1811,  married  June  11,  1829,  to 
Prince  William,  now  King  William  I.  of  Prussia.  At  the  Congress  of  Vienna  a  considerable 
increase  of  territory,  together  with  the  title  of  Grand  Duke,  was  awarded  to  Duke  Charles 
Augustus,  the  celebrated  patron  of  German  literature,  and  friend  of  Gothc  and  Schiller. 

Government.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  House  of  Parliament  of  thirty-one 
members,  of  whom  ten  are  chosen  by  the  proprietors  of  nobiliar  estates,  ten  by  the  towns, 
ten  by  the  rural  districts,  and  one  by  the  University  of  Jena.  The  general  elections  lake  place 
every  seventh  year.  The  ministry  acts  under  the  orders  of  the  Grand  Duke,  but  is  responsi 
ble  to  the  representatives  of  the  country. 

Finances.  The  revenue  for  the  period  of  1866-68  is  1,703,131  thalers;  the  expenditure., 
1,700,088  thalers.  The  public  debt  amounts  to  about  4,000,000  thalers.  The  troops  belong  to 
the  llth  Prussian  army  corps ;  they  number  3,685  men. 

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ, 

Capital,  New  Strelitz.    Area,  1,052  square  miles.    Population,  98.770. 

The  population  is  decreasing.  A  strong  tide  of  emigration  carried  off  nearly  3,000  inhabi 
tants  in  eight  years.  The  ownership  of  the  territory  is  divided  between  the  sovereign,  the  feu 
dal  proprietors,  and  the  corporations  of  certain  towns.  The  capital,  in  1866,  had  8,301  in 
habitants. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Famiiy.  FREDERICK  WILLIAM  I.,  Grand  Duke  of  Mccklcn- 
burg-Strelitz,  born  Oct.,  17,  1819,  the  son  of  Grand  Dnke  George  and  Princess  Marie  of  Hesse- 
Cassel;  succeeded  his  father,  Sept.  C,  1860;  married^  June  28,  1843,  to  Augusta,  born  July  19, 
1822,  daughter  of  Duke  Adolphus  of  Cambridge.  Children:  1.  Prince  Adolphus  Frederick, 
heir-apparent,  born  July  22, 1848.  Princess  Caroline,  sister  of  the  Grand  Duke,  married  in 
1841  to  Crown-prince  Frederick,  afterwards  King  Frederick  VII.,  of  Denmark. 

The  reigning  house,  founded  in  1701,  was  permitted  by  the  Congress  of  Vienna  to  adopt  the 
Grand  Ducal  title,  notwithstanding  the  exceedingly  limited  extent  of  the  territory,  more  than 
one-half  of  which  is  the  Grand  Duke's  private  property. 

Government.  Only  the  possession  of  a  Knight's  estate  gives  right  to  a  seat  in  the  Diet, 
The  executive  is  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  Grand  Duke,  exercised  by  him  through  one  Min 
ister  of  State. 


18G9.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  561 

The  Grand  Duchy  has  never  known  a  budget.  The  whole  of  the  public  revenue  goes  to  the 
civil-lift  of  the  Grand  Duke,  amounting,  as  it  is  believed,  to  750,000  thalers.  The  army  num 
bers  1,317  men. 

BRUNSWICK. 

Capital,  Brunswick.    Area,  1,425  square  miles.    Population,  303,401. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  WILLIAM  I.,  Duke  of  Brunswick,  born  April  25, 
1806,  second  son  of  Duke  Frederick  William  of  Brunswick,  and  Princess  Marie  of  Baden ;  un 
dertook  provisionally  the  Government  in  consequence  of  an  insurrection  and  subsequent  flight 
of  his  brother,  the  reigning  Duke,  in  1830 ;  ascended  the  throne,  April  25,  1831.  The  Ducal 
house  will  become  extinct  on  the  death  of  the  present  Duke. 

Government.  The  Legislative  power  is  vested  in  one  Chamber,  consisting  of  43  members. 
The  budget  is  voted  for  the  period  of  three  years.  The  public  revenue  and  expenditure  for 
1864-1*866,  was  5,108,000  thalers,  for  1867-1869  it  was  7,195,400  thalers.  The  amount  of  the  public 
debt  in  1866,  was  14,913,796  thalers,  10,000,000  of  which  was  for  railroads. 

The  army  is  organized  on  the  Prussian  system.  Its  strength  is  estimated  at  4,857  infantry 
and  cavalry,  502  artillery,  12  guns — on  war  footing. 

There  were,  in  1864,  33  mines,  19  forges,  1  saline,  producing  436,883  quintals  at  the  value  of 
827,702  thalers. 

ANHALT. 

Capital,  Dessau.    Area,  1,026  square  miles.    Population,  197,041. 

Reigning-  Sovereign  and  Family.  LEOPOLD,  Duke  of  Anhalt,  born  Oct.,  1,  1794.  the 
son  of  Prince  Frederick  of  Anhalt-Dessau,  and  of  Princess  Amelia  of  Hesse-Homburg;  suc 
ceeded  his  grandfather,  Aug.  9,  1817 ;  married,  April  18, 1818,  to  Princess  Frederica  of  Prussia, 
who  died  Jan.  1, 1850.  Children :  1.  Princess  Agnes,  born  1824 ;  2.  Prince  Frederick,  heir-ap 
parent,  born  April  29,  1831 ;  3.  Princess  Maria,  born  1837.  The  Ducal  family  of  Anhalt,  split 
into  numerous  branches,  are  now  reduced  to  the  present  line. 

Government.  The  people  are  only  nominally  represented.  The  financial  statement  for 
1867  shows  a  public  income  of  3,900,000  thalers,  and  an  expenditure  of  3,896,000  thalers.  More 
than  a  third  of  the  revenue  is  derived  from  State  property.  The  public  debt  amounted,  Jan.  1, 
1865,  to  nearly  3,500,000  thalers.  The  troops  number  1,836  men. 

SAXE-MEININGEN. 

Capital,  Meiningen.    Area,  956  square  miles.    Population,  180,335. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  GEORGE  II.,  Duke  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  born  April 
2,  1828,  the  son  of  Duke  Bernhard,  whom  he  succeeded  Sept.  20,  1866;  married,  May  18,  l&r>0, 
to  Princess  Charlotte  of  Prussia,  and  again.  Oct.  23,  1858,  to  Princess  Feodora  of  Hohenlohe- 
Langcnburg,  born  July  7, 1839.  Children  :  1.  Bernhard,  born  April  1,  1851 ;  2.  Marie  Elizabeth, 
born  1853;  3.  Ernest,  born  1859;  4.  Frederick,  born  1861. 

Government.  There  is  one  Chamber  for  legislative  purposes,  consisting  of  24  representa 
tives,  meeting  every  3  years.  The  ministry  is  responsible  to  the  Chamber.  The  budget  is 
voted  for  the  term  of  three  years.  For  the  period  of  1866-1868,  the  public  income  is  settled  at 
1,978,900  florins,  the  expenditure  at  1,920,400  florins ;  surplus,  58,500  florins.  The  public  debt  in 
1867  was  3,497,363  florins.  Nearly  one-half  of  the  revenue  is  drawn  from  State  domains,  for 
merly  belonging  to  the  Ducal  family.  The  troops  belong  now  to  the  llth  Prussian  army  corps, 
and  amount  to  2,110  men. 

SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA. 

Capital,  Gotha.    Area,  760  square  miles.    Population,  168,735. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  ERNEST  II.,  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  born 
June  21, 1818,  the  son  of  Duke  Ernest  I.,  of  Sase-Saalfeld-Coburg,  and  of  Princess  Louise  of 
Saxe-Altenburg ;  succeeded  his  father,  Jan.  29, 1844  ;  married,  May  3, 1842,  to  Alexandrine,  born 
Dec.  6,  1820,  daughter  of  the  Grand  Duke  Leopold  of  Baden.  Nephew  of  the  Duke  and  heir- 
apparent  :  Prince  Alfred,  born  Aug.  6, 1844,  the  son  of  Prince  Albert  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 
and  of  Victoria  I.,  Queen  of  Great  Britain.  Cousins  of  the  Duke:  Leopold  II.,  King  of  the 
Belgians,  born  April  9,  1835;  Ferdinand,  King  of  Portugal,  bom  Oct.  29, 1816;  Prince  Augustus, 
born  June,  1818,  married  to  Princess  Clementine,  daughter  of  Louis  Philippe,  King  of  the 
French. 


562  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

Government.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  two  separate  assemblies.  Every  man 
above  25,  who  pays  taxes,  has  a  vote,  and  any  citizen  above  30  may  be  elected  a  deputy.  New 
elections  take  place  every  four  years. 

Finances.  The  budget  is  voted  for  the  term  of  four  years.  In  the  financial  accounts,  a 
distinction  is  made  between  Crown-revenue  from  the  domains,  and  State-revenue.  The  income 
of  the  former  for  the  period  1867-1873  is  fixed  for  Coburg  at  190,500  florins,  the  expenditure  at 
120,500  florins.  The  State-revenue  for  the  period  1805-1869  is  settled  at  485,000  florins,  the  ex 
penditure  at  480,000  florins  a  year;  the  public  debt  was,  in  1807,  1,686,574  florins.  The  annual 
income  of  the  Crown-revenue,  for  Gotha,  is  settled  for  the  period  18U5-1869,  at  589.180  thalors, 
the  expenditure  at  1383,870  thalers;  the  State-revenue  and  expenditure  are  609,800  thalers  yearly ; 
the  public  debt  349,301  thalers.  The  troops  number  2,046  men. 

SAXE-ALTENBUBG-. 

Capital,  Altenburg.    Area,  510  square  miles.    Population,  141,426. 

The  inhabitants  are  of  Slavonic  origin.  The  peasants  are  reported  to  be  more  wealthy  than 
in  any  other  part  of  Germany.  The  rural  population,  however,  has  been  declining  in  numbers 
for  the  last  20  years.  The  chief  city,  Altenburg,  has  17,966  inhabitants. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  ERNEST  I.,  Duke  of  Saxe- Altenburg,  born  Sept.  16, 
1826,  the  son  of  Duke  George  and  Princess  Marie  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin ;  succeeded  his 
father,  Aug.  3,  1853 ;  married,  April  28,  1853,  to  Agnes,  born  June  24,  1824,  daughter  of  Duke 
Leopold  of  Anhalt-Dessau.  Children:  1.  Princess  Marie,  born  Aug.  2,  1854. 

Government.  The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  a  Chamber  composed  of  24  represen 
tatives,  chosen,  in  equal  numbers,  by  the  nobility,  the  inhabitants  of  towns  and  the  rural  dis 
tricts.  The  budget  is  voted  for  three  years.  The  income  for  the  period  1865-68,  was  settled  at 
878,904  thalers,  the  expenditure  at  878,888.  The  troops  number  1,473  men. 

LIPPE-DETMOLD. 

Capital,  Detmold.    Area,  438  square  miles.    Population,  111,352. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  LEOPOLD  II.,  Prince  of  Lippe-Detmold,  born  Sept, 
1,  1821,  son  of  Prince  Leopold  and  Princess  Emily  of  Schwarzburg-Sondcrshausen ;  succeeded 
his  father,  Jan.  1,  1851 ;  married,  April  17,  1852,  to  Elizabeth,  born  Oct.  1,  1833,  daughter  of 
Prince  Albert  of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. 

Government.  Nearly  the  whole  legislative,  as  well  as  executive  power,  remains  in  the 
hands  of  the  Prince.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  consists  of  14  members ;  it  has  the  right  of 
voting,  in  part,  the  supplies,  otherwise  its  functions  are  consultative.  The  Prince  governs 
through  one  irresponsible  minister. 

The  budget  for  1867  consists  of  a  revenue  of  224,905  thalers,  and  an  expenditure  of  209,14*3  th. 
The  public  debt  amounted,  in  1867,  to  347,755  th.  The  troops  number  840  men. 

REUSS. 

Chief  Town,  Gera.  Reuss,  Elder  line :  Area,  145  square  miles.  Papulatton,  43,889.  Reusa, 
Younger  line :  Area,  320  square  miles.  Population,  88,097. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  Elder  Line.  HENRY  XXII.,  Prince  of  Reuss-Greiz, 
born  March  28,  1846,  succeeded  his  father,  Nov.  8,  1859. 

Younger  Line.  HENRY  XIV.,  Prince  of  Reuss-Schleiz,  born  May  28,  1832,  succeeded  hit» 
father,  July  11,  1867;  married,  Feb.  6,  1858,  to  Princess  Agnes  of  Wurtemberg.  Children: 
1.  Prince  Henry  XXVII.,  heir-apparent,  born  Nov.  10,  1858;  2.  Princess  Elizabeth,  bora  1859. 

Government.  Elder  Line.  The  new  constitution  of  1867  authorizes  a  Chamber  of  12 
deputies,  to  be  elected  for  6  years.  Younger  Line.  The  Prince  has  the  whole  legislative  and 
executive  power — a  cabinet  of  3  members  acting  under  his  direction. 

Elder  Line.  Income  about  200,000  thalers  a  year.  Public  debt,  205,000  thalers.  Younger 
Line.  Income  25)5,343  thalers :  expenditure,  288,839 ;  Public  debt,  692.050.  Troops  of  the  Elder 
Line  number  334  men — Younger  Line  783  men. 

SCHWARZBURG--RTJDOLSTADT. 

Chief  Town,  Rudolstadt.    Area,  374  square  miles.    Population,  75.074. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.    ALBERT,  Prince  of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  born 

April  30,  1798,  son  of  Prince  Louis  Frederick  and  Caroline,  daughter  of  the  landgrave  Frederick 


1SG9.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  5^3 

Louis  of  Ilesse-Homburg;  succeeded  his  brother,  June  28,  1867;  married,  July  26,  1827,  to 
Augusta,  born  July  26, 1804,  daughter  of  Prince  Frederick  William  of  Solms-Braunfels.  Chil 
dren:  1.  Princess  Elizabeth,  born  1833;  2.  Prince  and  heir-apparaut  George  Albert,  born  Nov. 
23,  1838. 

Government.  For  all  legislative  measures  the  Prince  must  obtain  the  consent  of  a  Cham 
ber  of  Representatives  of  15  members.  The  executive  is  exercised  by  the  Ministry  of  State. 

There  are  triennial  budgets.  For  the  period  1864-1866  the  revenue  and  expenditure  was  2,- 
582,322  florins.  The  troops  number  989  men. 

SCHWARZBURG--SONDERSHAUSEN. 

Chief  Town,  Arnstadt.    Area,  332  square  miles.    Population,  67,500. 

Reigning"  Sovereign  and  Family.  GUNTHER  II.,  Prince  of  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, 
born  Sept.  24,  1801 ;  succeeded  his  father,  Aug.  19,  1835 ;  married,  in  second  nuptials,  in  1835,  to 
Princess  Mathilda  of  Hohenlohe-Oehringen.  Children:  1.  Princess  Elizabeth,  born  1829; 
2.  Prince  Charles,  heir-apparent,  born  Aug.  7,  1830;  3.  Prince  Leopold,  born  1832;  4.  Princess 
Marie,  born  1837 ;  5.  Prince  Hugo,  born  1839. 

The  ancient  House  of  Schwarzburg  gave  an  Emperor  to  Germany  in  the  14th  century. 

Government.  The  Government  is  an  unlimited  monarchy.  The  budget  for  1864-1867  was, 
revenue  628,548  thalers,  expenditure  611,354.  The  public  debt,  Jan.  1, 1867,  was  1,458,204  thalers. 
The  troops  number  826  men. 

WALDECK. 

Chief  Town,  Arolsen.    Area,  433  square  miles.    Population,  56,805. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  GEORGE  VICTOR,  Prince  of  Waldeck,  born  Jan.  14, 
1831.  the  son  of  Prince  George  Frederick  and  Princess  Emma  of  Anhalt-Beruburg ;  succeeded 
his  tather,  May  14,  1845 ;  married,  Sept.  26,  1853,  to  Helena,  born  Aug.  12, 1831,  daughter  of  Duke 
William  of  Nassau.  Heir-apparent,  Prince  Frederick,  born  June  20,  1865. 

The  family  of  Waldeck  was  enrolled  by  the  Congress  of  Vienna  among  the  sovereign  houses 
of  Europe. 

Government.  The  legislative  assembly  consists  of  41  members,  who  meet  at  irregular  and 
often  distant  periods,  leaving  the  exercise  of  its  power,  voting  supplies  and  framing  laws,  to  a 
committee  of  six  members. 

The  public  revenue  for  1868  is  514,255  thalers,  the  expenditure  508,252.  The  public  debt 
amounted,  in  1861,  to  1,500,000  thalers ;  paper  money  350,000  thalers.  The  troops  number 
866  men. 

SCHAUMBURG--LIPPE. 

Chief  Toivn,  Biicekburg.    Area,  171  square  miles.    Population,  31,186. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  ADOLPHUS,  Prince  of  Schaumburg-Lippe,  born  Aug. 
1, 1817.  succeeded  his  father.  Nov.  21, 1860;  married,  Oct.  25, 1844,  to  Hermina,  born  1827,  daugh 
ter  of  the  Prince  of  Waldeck.  Children  :  1.  Princess  Hermina,  born  1845;  2.  Prince  George, 
heir-apparent,  born  18:56;  3.  Prince  Hermann,  born  1848;  4.  Princess  Ida,  born  1852;  5.  Prince 
Otto,  born  1854 ;  6.  Prince  Adolph,  born  1859 ;  7.  Princess  Emma,  born  1865. 

Government.  The  representative  institutions  are  very  limited.  To  the  Prince  belongs 
the  whole  legislative  and  executive  authority.  Income  and  expense  about  228,000  thalers.  The 
troops  number  516  men. 

HAMBURG-. 

Area,  156  square  miles.    Population,  305,196.    The  city  proper  has  220,920  inhabitants. 

Government.  The  present  constitution  of  the  State  and  Free  City  of  Hamburg  intrusts 
the  government  to  two  chambers  of  representatives — the  Senate  and  House  of  Burgesses.  The 
Senate,  which  chiefly  exercises  the  executive  power,  is  composed  of  18  members  elected  for 
life  by  the  other  House.  A  first  and  second  Burgomaster  preside  over  the  meetings  of  the 
Senate.  The  other  House  consists  of  102  members  elected  for  six  years.  In  all  matters  of  leg 
islation,  except  taxation,  the  Senate  has  a  veto ;  and  in  case  of  a  constitutional  conflict,  re 
course  is  had  to  an  assembly  of  arbitrators,  chosen  equally  from  the  Senate  and  House. 

Finances.  The  budget  estimates  for  1867,  were :  Income  and  expenditure,  12,002.703  marka 
J>anco=4,801,OSO  thalers.  The  state  debt  at  the  end  of  1865,  was  55,000,000  marks  banco ;  26,000,- 
000  of  this  debt  was  incurred  after  the  great  lire  in  1842. 


564  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  imports  in  1866,  was  779,088,010  marks  banco.  In  the  17 
years  from  1850  to  1866,  there  were  shipped  from  Hamburg  426,248  emigrants  ;  in  18G6,  44,780, 
The  army  numbers  2,163  men. 

BREMEN. 

Area,  74  square  miles.    Population,  109,572. 

Government.  The  Free  City  of  Bremen  is  governed  by  a  Senate  of  30  members,  acting 
under  the  legislative  authority  of  the  General  Assembly  of  citizens.  The  city  proper  has 
70,692  inhabitants. 

Finances.  The  estimated  budget  for  1867,  is:  Income,  1,761,148  thalers;  expenditure, 
2,040,342  thalers.  The  public  debt  amounted  in  1867,  to  498,650  thalers. 

Commerce.  The  total  imports  in  1866,  amounted  to  89,000,000  thalers ;  exports,  80,000,000 
thalers.  The  commercial  navy,  at  the  end  of  1866,  consisted  of  291  vessels,  14  of  which  were 
screw  steamers.  In  1866,  61,877  emigrated  from  Bremen.  The  army  numbers  760  men. 

LUBECK. 

Area,  107  square  miles.    Population,  48,538. 

Government.  There  are  two  representative  bodies — the  Senate,  exercising  the  executive, 
and  the  House  of  Burgesses,  exercising  the  legislative  authority.  The  Senate  is  composed 
of  14  members,  elected  for  life,  and  presided  over  by  two  Burgomasters,  who  hold  office  for 
two  years  each.  There  are  120  members  in  the  House,  chosen  by  all  citizens  belonging  to  the 
guilds  of  the  town.  The  High  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Free  Cities  of  Germany  is  established 
at  Lubeck. 

Finances.  The  budget  estimate  for  1867,  is  1,719,700  marks  banco  for  both  revenue  and  ex 
penditure.  The  public  debt  is  8,246,300  thalers. 

Commerce.  The  total  imports  in  1866,  represented  a  value  of  over  80,000,000  marks  banco ; 
the  principal  countries  being,  Denmark,  3,500,000;  England,  1,000,000;  Russia,  17,500,000;  Swe 
den,  over  4,500,000  marks  banco.  The  commercial  navy,  at  the  beginning  of  1867,  consisted 
of  40  sea-going  vessels.  The  troops  number  612  men. 

SOUTH  GERMANY-BAVARIA. 

Capital,  Munich.    Area,  29,373  square  miles.    Population,  4,824,421. 
The  Kingdom  is  divided  into  eight  districts,  as  follows : 

Inhabitants.  Inhabitants. 

Upper  Bavaria 827,669  Upper  Franconia 535,000 

Lower  Bavaria 594,511  Central  Franconia 579,688 

Palatinate 626,066  Lower  Franconia 584,972 

Upper  Palatinate  and  Ratisbon. . . . 491,295  Suabia 585,160 

Total 4,824,421 

There  were  detached  from  Bavaria  and  annexed  to  Prussia,  in  1866,  several  small  districts 
north  of  the  river  Main,  embracing  a  territory  of  291  miles,  with  a  population  of  32,470.  The 
increase  of  the  population  has  been  comparatively  small  within  the  last  fifty  years,  it  having 
been  3,707,966  inhabitants  in  1818.  The  number  of  illegitimate  births  is  very  large.  The  soil 
of  Bavaria  is  divided  among  947,010  proprietors,  the  division  being  greatest  in  the  Palatinate 
(228,976).  Number  of  families  about  1,330,000;  1  marriage  to  154;  1  death  to  36;  1  birth  to  29 
inhabitants.  Of  late  years,  the  emigration  from  Bavaria  has  been  very  large.  The  chief  cities 
are  Munich,  167,054  inhabitants,  and  Nuremberg,  71,798  inhabitants.  There  are  232  towns,  417 
hamlets,  and  22,383  villages. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  Louis  II.,  King  of  Bavaria,  born  August  25, 1845, 
son  of  King  Maximilian  II.  and  Maria,  daughter  of  Prince  William  of  Prussia;  succeeded  his 
father  March  10, 1864.  The  Grandfather  of  the  King,  Louis  I.,  bora  1786,  King  of  Bavaria,  1825-18, 
died.  1868.  The  royal  house  of  Bavaria  descends  from  the  Counts  of  Wittelsbach,  who  flourished 
in  the  12th  century.  Duke  Maximilian  I.  of  Bavaria,  was  elevated  to  the  rank  of  Elector  of  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire  in  the  Thirty  Years1  War ;  and  Elector  Maximilian  Torgoh  was  raised  to 
the  rank  of  King  by  Napoleon  I.  in  1805. 

Government.  The  croAvn  is  hereditary  in  the  male  line.  To  the  King  belongs  the  sole 
executive  power,  but  the  ministers  are  responsible  for  his  acts.  The  legislative  functions  are 
exercised  jointly  by  the  King  and  Parliament,  the  latter  consisting  of  an  Upper  and  Lower 
House.  The  Upper  House  is  formed  of  the  princes  of  the  royal  family,  the  crown  dignitaries, 
the  archbishops,  and  the  heads  of  certain  old  noble  families — all  these  being  hereditary  mem- 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  565 

bers,  to  which  are  added  members  appointed  by  the  crown.  The  Lower  House  consists  of  dep 
uties  of  towns  and  universities,  and  various  religious  corporations.  The  representation  of  the 
country  is  calculated  at  the  rate  of  one  deputy  to  about  a5,000  inhabitants.  The  executive  is 
carried  on  in  the  name  of  the  King,  by  a  Council  of  State  consisting  of  seven  members,  be 
sides  three  princes,  and  the  Ministry  of  State,  as  follows: 

Ministry  of  State.  Minister  of  the  Royal  House  and  Foreign  Affairs,  Prince  HOHENLOHE- 
SCHILLINGSFURST,  appointed  1867;  Minister  of  Justice,  Dr.  LUTZ,  appointed  1867;  Minister  of  the 
Interior,  HERMANN  VON  HORBACH,  appointed  1868;  Minister  of  Education  and  Ecclesiastical  Affairs, 
F.  VON  GRESSER,  appointed  1866;  Minister  of  Finance,  A.  VON  PFRETSCHNER,  appointed  1866; 
Minister  of  Commerce  and  Public  Works,  G.  VON  SCHLSR,  appointed  1866 ;  War  Department,  Gen. 
Baron  S.  VON  PRANKH,  appointed  1866. 

Education.  There  are  two  Roman  Catholic  Universities  (Munich  and  Wurzburg),  and  one 
Protestant  (Erlangen).  In  1861,  there  were  7,126  schools,  with  8,205  teachers.  Elementary 
schools  exist  in  all  parishes,  and  attendance  on  them  is  compulsory  for  all  children  until  the 
age  of  fourteen.  There  are  three  Polytechnical  Schools.  Of  army  recruits  in  1865,  about  7  per 
cent,  were  deficient  in  schooling.  In  1866,  339  newspapers  were  published. 

Finances.  According  to  the  budget  for  the  period  1861-67,  the  annual  revenue  and  expendi 
ture  was  46,720,597  florins.  The  revenue  and  expenditure  for  1868-69,  are  estimated  at  88,602,570 
florins.  The  greater  number  of  the  railways  in  Bavaria,  constructed  up  to  Sept.  30.  1865,  at  a 
cost  of  149,000,000  florins,  are  the  property  of  the  State.  The  net  revenue  derived  from  them 
in  1866,  amounted  to  nearly  6,000,000  florins.  The  State  domains  produced,  in  the  year  1864-65, 
over  7,000,000  (net)  florins.  The  State  debt  Jan.  1,  1867,  amounted  to  356,000,000  florins;  of 
which  146,000,000  florins  is  railway  debt.  At  the  end  of  August  of  the  same  year,  it  is  stated  to 
have  been  402,500,000  florins.  The  great  increase  of  this  debt  was  caused  by  the  war  in  1866. 

Army.  The  armed  force  of  the  Kingdom  comprises  the  permanent  army,  the  reserve,  and 
the  militia,  (Landwehr).  All  men  from  the  age  of  twenty-one  are  liable  to  serve  for  six  years. 
The  purchase  of  substitutes  is  permitted  by  law.  The  permanent  army  in  1867,  consisted  of 
73,582  men  on  peace  footing ;  and  96,583  men  on  war  footing.  The  reserve  of  infantry,  cavalry, 
artillery,  and  engineers  amounted  to  124,721  men  ;  total  of  army  and  reserve,  221,304  men.  The 
active  militia  (excluding  the  Palatinate)  is  :  Infantry,  54,000  men,  and  cavalry,  2,500  men.  The 
fortresses  are  Ingolstadt  and  Germersheim. 

Industry.  The  production  of  beer  amounts,  on  an  average,  to  582,000,000  "maass,"  (137.- 
000,000  gallons),  of  which  only  one-hundredth  part  is  exported.  In  1865,  716  mines,  131  forges, 
and  8  salines  produced  a  value  of  12,000,000  florins.  In  1865,  there  were  264  savings  banks,  with 
243,227  depositors.  The  length  of  railways,  Oct.  1,  1866,  was  over  1,500  miles— comparatively 
more  than  in  Prussia.  That  of  the  telegraphs,  about  1,900  miles.  The  post  offlce  despatched 
and  received  39.000,000  letters  and  52,000,000  newspapers. 

WURTEMBERG-. 

Capital,  Stuttgart.    Area,  7,532  square  miles.    Population,  1,778,479. 

The  increase  of  population  is  very  slow,  being  little  more  than  1  £  per  cent,  in  1858-61.  Emi 
gration  draws  off  a  considerable  number  of  inhabitants,  the  country  losing  54,285  persons  in 
1842-52,  and  rising  in  1854,  to  the  extreme  amount  of  21,144.  Emigration  has  increased  since 
the  war  of  1866,  and  the  apprehended  introduction  of  the  Prussian  military  system.  In  1864, 
the  capital  had  69,084  inhabitants. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  CHARLES,  King  of  Wurtemberg,  born  March  6, 
1823;  succeeded  his  father,  June  25, 1864;  married  July  13, 1846,  to  Grand  Duchess  Olga  of  Rus 
sia,  daughter  of  Czar  Nicholas  I.  The  former  Duchy  of  Wurtemberg  was  erected  into  a  King 
dom  by  the  Emperor  Napoleon,  1806. 

Government.  Absolute  freedom  of  person  and  property ;  liberty  of  conscience  and  of 
speech ;  limited  liberty  of  the  press ;  all  citizens  equal  before  the  law.  In  the  King  rests  the 
sole  executive  power,  exercised  through  responsible  ministers.  The  legislative  power  is  given 
jointly  to  the  King  and  to  the  representatives  of  the  people.  The  Parliament  consists  of  two 
houses.  The  Upper  chamber  consists  of  the  members  of  the  royal  family,  the  heads  of  the 
principal  noble  families,  and  other  members  nominated  by  the  King  for  life.  The  House  of 
Deputies  consists  of  13  members  of  the  nobility,  9  ecclesiastics,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Tubingen,  and  71  deputies  of  towns  and  rural  districts,  chosen  for  six  years.  A  special 
Court  of  Justice  is  appointed  (partly  by  the  King,  and  partly  by  the  Chambers),  guardian  of  the 
constitution. 

The  Executive.  Minister  of  the  Royal  House  and  Foreign  Affairs,  Baron  VON  VARNBIJLER, 
appointed  1864;  Minister  of  Justice^OTxT&.vmx&cm:,  appointed  1867;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  VON 


566  THE  AMEKICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

GESSLER,  appointed  1864;  Minister  of  Education  and  Ecclesiastical  Affairs,  Dr.  VON  GOLTHEU,  ap 
pointed  1861 ;  Minister  of  Finance,  YON  RENNER,  appointed  1864 ;  Minister  of  War,  Gen.  Baron 
VON  WAGNER,  appointed  1867. 

Education.  Education  stands  very  high  in  Wurtcmberg.  There  was,  as  far  back  as  1840, 
not  an  individual,  above  the  age  of  ten,  unable  to  read  and  write.  There  are  above  2,500  ele 
mentary  schools,  besides  numerous  seminaries  for  imparting  a  classical  education,  and  seven 
colleges.  The  whole  educational  system  is  centered  in  the  University  of  Tubingen,  founded 
in  1477,  and  attended,  on  the  average,  by  nearly  a  thousand  students. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  the  term  1864-67 :  Income,  51,226.785  florins  ;  Expenditure,  51,- 
192,708  florins ;  surplus,  34,077  florins.  The  budget  estimate  for  1867-70,  is  as  follows  :  Revenue 
and  expenditure,  64,445,459  florins.  The  principal  items  of  expenditure  per  annum,  in  the  esti 
mate  for  1867-70,  are :  Public  debt,  nearly  7,000,000  florins ;  Justice,  1,250,000  florins  ;  Interior, 
nearly  2,000,000  florins  ;  School  and  Church,  2,750,000  florins ;  war,  5,250,000  florins.  The  public 
debt  amounted,  July  6, 1867,  to  111,181,320  florins.  The  value  of  the  State  domains  is  estimated 
to  be  120,000,000  florins.  On  July  1,  1866,  80,000,000  florins  had  been  expended  for  railroads, 
which  yielded  in  the  fiscal  year  1865-66,  nearly  10,000,000  florins.  The  length  of  railroad  lines 
in  1865-66,  was  about  350  miles. 

Army.  The  army  is  formed  by  conscription.  Substitution  is  allowed.  The  troops  num 
bered,  in  1866,  29,238  men.  The  number  of  recruits  is  now  4,600  men  annually,  of  whom  516 
furnished  substitutes. 

Industry.  There  was  invested  a  capital  of  10,750,000  florins,  in  1865,  in  the  savings  banks, 
and  556,000,000  in  the  fire  insurance  companies.  There  were,  in  Jan.,  1865,  105,000  horses,  975,- 
000  cattle,  704,000  sheep,  264,000  swine,  and  35.000  goats.  18  mines,  41  forges  and  9  salines,  pro 
duced  a  value  of  2,211,962  thalers.  The  Post  oftice  despatched  and  received  15,000,000  letters 
and  14,000,000  newspapers,  in  1865-66.  There  were,  July  1,  1866, 158  telegraph  stations. 

BADEN. 

Capital,  Carlsruhe.    Area,  5,912  square  miles.    Population,  1,434,970. 

The  Grand  Duchy,  stretching  longitudinally  from  the  lake  of  Constance  along  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  is  divided  into  11  districts.  The  population  has  not  greatly  increased,  the  decline 
being  chiefly  owing  to  emigration.  Most  of  the  emigrants  have  consisted  of  families  possessed 
of  some  property.  Their  number  amounted  to  21,561  in  1854,  the  great  majority  of  whom  went 
to  North  America. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  FREDERICK  I.,  Grand  Duke  of  Baden,  born  Sept. 
9, 1826,  son  of  Grand  Duke  Leopold  I.  and  Princess  Sophia  of  Sweden  ;  succeeded  his  father, 
April  24, 1852;  married,  Sept.  20,  1856,  to  Louisa,  born  Dec.  3, 1838,  daughter  of  King  William  I. 
of  Prussia.  Children:  1.  Frederick  William,  heir-apparent,  born  July  9, 1857 ;  2.  Sophia, born 
1862;  3.  Louis,  born  1865.  The  title  of  Grand  Duke  was  given  by  Napoleon  I.  to  Margrave 
Charles  Frederick  of  Baden,  in  1806. 

Government.  The  Constitution  of  Baden  vests  the  executive  power  in  the  Grand  Duke, 
and  the  legislative  authority  in  two  Chambers.  The  upper  Chamber  comprises  the  princes, 
noblemen,  prelates,  2  deputies  of  the  Universities,  and  8  members  nominated  by  the  Grand 
Duke ;  the  second  Chamber  is  composed  of  63  members,  22  being  elected  by  towns,  and  the 
rest  by  the  rural  districts.  The  elections  are  indirect. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  the  Grand  Ducal  House  and  Foreign  Affairs,  R.  VON  FRETDORF  : 
Minister  of  the  Interior  (and  provisionally  of  Justice),  T.  JOLLY  ;  Minister  of  Commerce,  G.  VON 
DUSCH  ;  Minister  of  Finances,  M.  ELST^ETTER  ;  Minister  of  War,  Gen.  VON  BEYER.  There  is  also 
a  "Secret  Cabinet,"  of  which  Baron  von  Ungern-Sternfeld  is  director. 

Education.  Education  is  compulsory  in  Baden.  In  1861  there  was  one  school  for  every 
530  of  the  population.  There  are  2  Universities,  Heidelberg  and  Freiburg,  7  Colleges,  and  5 
Gymnasia. 

Finances.  The  budget  is  estimated  (officially),  for  1867,  as  follows  :  Receipts,  17,095,008 
florins  ;  Expenditure,  16,025,132  florins  ;  excess  of  revenue,  1,069,956  florins.  The  public  debt 
of  Baden  consisted,  Jan.  1, 1867,  of  debt  bearing  no  interest,  15,878,761  florins  ;  interest  bearing 
debt,  24,625,408 florins;  railway  debt,  83,936,264 florins  ;  total,  124,440,433 florins.  All  the  rail 
roads  of  Baden  are  property  of  the  State. 

Army.  The  army  is  formed  by  conscription  ;  substitution  is  allowed.  Term  of  service  6 
years.  It  numbers,  on  war  footing,  18,402  men. 

Industry.  Length  of  railroads,  101  geographical  miles  ;  net  receipts,  4.000,000  florins. 
Length  of  telegraph  lines,  214  geographical  miles  ;  receipts,  in  1866,  130,000  florins. 


18(50.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  567 

HESSE. 

Capital,  Darmstadt.    Area,  2,969  square  miles.    Population, 


There  were  detached  from  the  Grand  Duchy  and  added  to  Prussia  in  1SG6,  several  districts 
north  of  the  river  Maine,  comprising  an  area  of  377  square  miles,  with  a  population  of  46,605. 

Reigning-  Sovereign  and  Family.  Louis  III.,  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse-Darmstadt,  born 
June  9,  1836,  eon  of  Grand  Duke  Louis  II.,  and  of  Princess  Wilhelmina  of  Baden  ;  succeeded 
his  father,  June  16.  1848 ;  married,  Dec.  26,  1833,  to  Princess  Mathilda,  daughter  of  King  Louis 
of  Bavaria.  The  former  landgraves  of  Hesse-Darmstadt  had  the  title  of  Grand  Duke  giveil 
them  by  Napoleon  I.,  in  1806. 

Government.  The  legislative  power  is  vested,  in  part,  in  two  Chambers.  The  upper 
House  is  composed  of  the  princes,  noblemen,  prelates,  the  Chancellor  of  the  University  of 
Giessen  and  a  number  of  life  members.  The  lower  House  consists  of  6  deputies  of  noble  land 
owners,  10  deputies  of  towns,  and  34  representatives  of  the  rural  districts.  The  mode  of  elec 
tion  is  indirect. 

The  Executive.  Minister  of  the  Grand  Ducal  House,  of  the  Interior,  and  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
Baron  VON  DALWIGK  ;  Minister  of  Justice,  P.  VON  LINDELOF  ;  Minister  of  Finance,  SCHENK 
Zu  SCHWEINSBERG  ;  Minister  of  War,  Gen.  VON  GUOLMAN. 

Finance.  The  budget  estimate  for  the  period  1866-68  was,  annual  revenue  9,248,357  florins  ; 
annual  expenditure,  8,527,827  florins ;  annual  surplus,  420,530  florins.  The  public  debt  amounted, 
at  the  end  of  1866,  to  about  2,000,000  florins,  excluding  10,000,000  loan  for  the  railroads. 

Army.  The  troops  number  19,260  men.  According  to  the  military  convention  with  Prussia, 
the  fortress  Mentz  is  now  exclusively  garrisoned  by  Prussian  troops. 

LIECHTENSTEIN. 

Area,  62  square  miles.    Population,  7,994. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  JOHN  II.,  Prince  of  Liechtenstein,  born  Oct.  5, 
1840,  succeeded  his  father,  Nov.  12,  1858.  The  immense  private  property  of  the  princely  family 
(in  Austria),  embraces  2,200  square  miles,  with  350,000  inhabitants. 

Government.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  compris 
ing  15  members.  A  vote  is  given  to  all  inhabitants  who  can  read  and  write.  There  is  no  pub 
lic  budget,  nor  any  public  debt. 


6.    GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Capital,  London.    Area,  121,115  square  miles.    Population,  29,321,288. 

History.  Conquest  by  the  Saxons,  about  449 ;  establishment  of  the  Octarchy,  560 ;  estab 
lishment  of  a  Danish  Dynasty,  early  in  the  llth  century ;  restoration  of  the  Saxon  Dynasty, 
1042;  conquest  by  the  Normans,  under  William  the  Conqueror,  1066;  Henry  II.  founder  of  the 
Plant  age  nets,  1155;  Henry  VII.,  first  King  of  the  House  of  Tudor.  1485;  James  I.,  first  King 
of  the  Stuart  line,  1603 ;  Charles  I.  beheaded,  1649;  Cromwell,  1649  to  1658;  restoration  of  the 
Stuarts,  1660 ;  expulsion  of  the  Stuarts,  and  accession  of  the  House  of  Orange,  1688;  Legisla 
tive  Union  of  England  and  Scotland,  called  Great  Britain,  1707;  Legislative  Union  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  called  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  1801. 

Area  and  Population.  The  following  table  gives  the  area  and  poulation  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  according  to  the  oflicial  census  of  ISfil,  with  the  increase  or  decrease  subsequent 
to  the  oflicial  census  of  1851 : 

Square  Miles.  Inhabitants,  1861.  Increase  since  1851.  Decrease  since  1801. 

England 50,922 18,954,444 2,032,566 

Wales 7,398 1,111,780 106,049 

Scotland 29,928 3,062.294  173,552 

Islands.... 354...' 143,447 321 


Great  Britain 88,602 23,271,965 2,312,488 

Ireland 32,513 5.798,967 753,419 


United  Kingdom 121,115 29,070,932 1,559,069 

Soldiers  and  Sailors  abroad 250,356 ...  


Total 29,321,288 1,559,069 

According  to  the  calculation  of  the  Registrar  General,  the  total  population  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland  was,  in  1866,  29,934,404,  and  on  June  30,  1867,  as  follows:  England  and  Wales, 
21,429,508;  Scotland,  3,170,769;  Ireland,  5,556,962;  total,  30,157,239. 


568 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[IStiO. 


Total  British  Empire  in  1 88 1 .  An  official  census  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Austra 
lian  colonies  was  held  April  8, 18G1,  and  in  nearly  all  the  colonies,  with  the  exception  of  British 
India,  in  the  course  of  the  same  year.  The  result  was  as  follows  : 

Square  Miles.  Inhabitants. 

England— its  Colonies  and  Possessions— Total 4,419,559 174,156,882 

I:  nited  Kingdom,  inclusive  of  soldiers  and  sailors 121,115 29,321,288 

Colonies  and  Possessions,  exclusive  of  soldiers,  47,814  men.  .3,304,722 9,204,243 

British  India,  exclusive  of  British  army,  02,893  men 933,722 135,571,351 

European  Possessions 122 105,317 

North  American  Colonies 512,193 3,333,507 

West  Indian  Possessions 106,449 1,114,508 

African  Possessions 130,750 1,004,595 

Islands  in  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean 7,647 7,426 

Possessions  in  the  Indian  Ocean 25,485 2,3(53.707 

Australia  and  New  Zealand 2,582,070 1,322,1)37 

Total  British  Empire  in  1868*.  The  usual  returns  from  the  British  possessions, 
which  were  laid  before  Parliament  in  1868,  furnish  the  following  latest  statements,  concerning 
the  area  and  population  of  the  British  Empire  :  British  India  heads  the  list  with  its  vast  pop 
ulation  of  150.000,000.  Its  area,  however,  988,901  square  miles,  seems  small  when  compared 
with  that  of  North  American  or  Australian  possessions.  British  North  America  is  returned 
as  containing  632,360  square  miles,  and  its  population  in  1866,  4,007,810 ;  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
376,988  square  miles,  with  a  population  of  3,753,000 ;  Newfoundland,  40,200  square  miles  and 
130.000  inhabitants  ;  Prince  Edward's  Island,  2,173  square  miles,  and  90,000  inhabitants  ;  British 
Columbia,  213,000  square  miles  and  34,816  inhabitants  in  1861.  But  this  is  without  reckoning 
the  vast  north-west  territory  waiting  to  be  occupied—territory  that  brings  the  extent  of  British 
North  America  up  to,  perhaps,  3,500,000  square  miles. 

Not  far  behind  in  extent  is  Australia,  with  its  2,582,070  square  miles,  and  a  population  fa^t 
approaching  2,000,000,  though  only  1,662,003  in  1SOG.  The  extent  of  Western  Australia  is  978,000 
square  miles,  a  territory  nearly  as  large  as  British  India,  but  with  a  populationof  only  21.005— 
less  than  a  7,000th  part  of  that  of  India;  Queensland  is  returned  as  containing  678,000  square 
miles,  and  a  population  of  90,172;  South  Australia,  383,328  square  miles,  with  a  population  of 
103,452;  New  South  Wales,  323,437  square  miles,  with  a  population  of  431,412:  New  Zealand, 
106,259  square  miles,  with  a  population  of  208,082 ;  Victoria  has  been  so  conspicuous  by  its 
great  prosperity  that  many  forget  its  comparatively  small  extent— 80,831  square  miles,  but  hav 
ing  a  population  of  043,912  in  1866,  and  now  about  700,000;  Tasmania  comprises  26,215  square 
miles,  with  97,308  inhabitants.  The  West  India  Islands  contain  no  more  than  12,083  square 
miles,  but  the  population  in  1861  was  934,197 ;  Jamaica  has  half  the  area,  6,400  square  miles, 
and  not  far  from  half  the  population,  viz  :  (in  1801)  441,204. 

The  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  Natal  add  216,755  square  miles  to  British  possessions,  with  a 
population  of  759,201;  Ceylon,  24,700 square  miles,  and  2,088,027  inhabitants,  Mauritius,  708  eq. 
miles,  and  310,050,  inhabitants:  British  Guiana,  76,000  square  miles,  and  148,020  inhabitants  (in 
1S61) ;  Honduras,  13,500  square  miles,  and  25,635  inhabitants  in  the  same  year. 

The  other  colonies  and  possessions — the  Straits  settlements,  Hong-kong,  West  African  set 
tlements,  Labuan,  St.  Helena,  the  eight  Falklands,  Bermuda,  Gibraltar,  Malta— bring  the  extent 
of  the  British  possessions  beyond  the  sea  up  to  4,562,000  square  miles,  and  their  population  to 
161,486,000— a  number  which  has  increased  since  the  date  of  these  estimates  or  enumerations. 
Including  the  British  North-West  American  possessions,  and  linking  the  whole  to  the  mother 
countiy,  the  Queen's  realm  will  be  found  to  comprise  territory  of  about  seven  millions  of  Eng 
lish  square  miles,  with  a  population  approaching  two  hundred  millions. 

Growth  of  the  Colonial  Empire.  The  following  table  exhibits  the  gradual  growth 
of  the  Colonial  Empire  of  Great  Britain: 


EUROPE. 

Colonies  and  Dependencies.       Mode  of  Acquisition.  Pate. 

Gibraltar Capture 1704 


Heligoland 

Malta  and  Gozo. 


Ceylon 

Bengal  "I 

Bombay 

Madras 

N.  W.  Provinces 

Punjaub  j 

Hongkong  

Labuan . . . 


Cession 1814 

...Capture 1800 

ASIA. 

Capitulation 1790 

Settlement 
and  Con 
quest   at 
various  periods 
from 1025—1849 

Treaty 1843 

Cession 1846 


AFRICA. 

Colonies  and  Dependencies.       Mode  of  Acquisition.  Date. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope Capitulation ISOfi 

Gambia Settlement 1031 

Gold  Coast Settlement , 1001 

Natal Settlement 1838 

St.  Helena Settlement 1051 

Sierra  Leone Settlement 1787 

Mauritius Capitulation 1810 

AMERICA. 

Bermuda Settlement 1609 

British  Columbia Settlement 1009 

Canada,  Lower Capitulation 1759 

Canada,  Upper Cession 1763 


*  Unofficial,  and  therefore  not  substituted  for  official  returns  given  elsewhere. 


1809.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  569 


AMERICA  CONTINUED. 

Colonies  and  Dependencies.        Mode  of  Acquisition.  Date. 

New  Brunswick Settlement 1497 

New  Foundland Settlement 1497 

Nova  Scotia Settlement 1497 

Prince  Edward's  Island. Settlement 1497 

Guiana,  British Capitulation 1803 

Falkland  Islands Cession 1837 

WEST  INDIES. 

Antigua Settlement 1632 

Bahamas Settlement 1629 

Barbadoes Settlement 1G05 

Dominica Cession 1703 

Grenada Cession 1763 

Honduras Cession 1070 

Jamaica Capitulation 1055 

Montserrat Settlement 1032 

Nevis  ...  ...  Settlement 1028 


WEST  INDIES  CONTINUED. 

Colonies  and  Dependencies.        Mode  of  Acquisition.  Date. 

St.  Kitts Settlement  .1023— .1050 

St.  Lucia Capitulation 1803 

St.  Vincent Cession 1763 

Tobago Cession 1703 

Tortola,  etc Settlement 1675 

Trinidad Capitulation 1797 

Turk's  Island Settlement 1629 

AUSTRALIA. 

Australia,  South Settlement 1836 

Australia,  West Settlement 1829 

New  South  Wales Settlement 1787 

(Queensland Settlement 1859 

ISew  Zealand Settlement 1839 

Tasmania Settlement 1803 

Victoria Settlement 1836 


Increase  of  Population.  The  population  of  England  and  Wales  in  1801,  amounted  to 
9,150,171 ;  so  that  it  has  more  than  doubled  in  the  course  of  fifty  years.  From  1801  to  1801, 
the  rate  of  increase  was  as  follows :  1801—1811, 14  per  cent. ;  1811—1821,  16  per  cent. ;  1821 
—1831,  15  per  cent.;  1831—1841,  14  per  cent. ;  1841—1851,  13  per  cent.;  1851— 1801, 12  per  cent. 
The  proportion  of  male  to  female  children  is  as  104,811  to  109,000.  In  consequence  of  the 
greater  mortality  of  male  children,  equilibrium  between  the  sexes  is  restored  about  the  tenth 
year  of  life ;  emigration,  war,  and  perilous  occupations  continue  to  thin  the  ranks  of  the  male 
population,  so  that  finally  there  are  100,000  women  to  95,000  men. 

The  population  of  Scotland  in  1801,  was  1,608,420;  it  has  therefore  increased  90.32  per  cent, 
within  the  last  fifty  years.  The  per  centage  of  decennial  increase  was  as  follows :  1801—1811, 
12.27;  1811—1821,  15.82;  1821—1831,  13.04;  1831—1841,  10.82;  1841—1851,  10.25;  1851—1801,  G.OO. 

Decrease  in  Ireland.  The  population  of  Ireland  in  1812,  was  6,801,827 ;  in  1831,  7,707,401 ; 
in  1841,  8,775,124 ;  in  1851,  6,552,386 ;  in  1861, 5,798,967.  The  decrease  from  1841  to  1851  was  19.85 
per  cent,  and  from  1851  to  1861,  12.02  per  cent. 

Emigration.  In  the  eight  years  from  1847  to  1854  inclusive,  the  total  emigration  from  the 
United  Kingdom  was  2,444,802,  equal  to  an  average  of  305,600  a  year.  It  fell  off  considerably 
in  the  following  eight  years  (1855  to  1862),  being  in  1861  less  (91,770),  than  in  any  year  since 
1844 ;  but  it  rose  again  in  the  subsequent  years.  During  the  fifteen  years  from  1852  to  1SOO,  it  ex 
ceeded,  according  to  official  returns,  three  millions  and  a  half.  The  total  number  of  emigrants 
in  1860,  was  204,882;  of  whom  58,856  were  English;  12,307  Scotch;  98,890  Irish;  20,091  foreign; 
and  8,138  not  designated.  As  regards  place  of  destination,  101,000  went  to  the  United  States ; 
24,097  to  the  Australian  Colonies  and  New  Zealand ;  13,255  to  the  North  American  Colonies ; 
and  0,530  to  all  other  places. 

Classification  of  Population.  The  general  classification  of  the  population  enumerated 
in  England,  Wales  and  Scotland,  at  the  census  of  1801,  was  as  follows  : 

England.  Scotland.  England.  Scotland. 

1.  Professional  Class...      481,957....      52,515        4.  Agricultural  Class....  2,010.454. ...    378,009 

2.  Domestic  Class 11,420,720. . .  .1,734,295        5.  Industrial  Class 4,828,399. ...    094,074 

3.  Commercial  Class 623,710 84,338        6.  Indefinite  Class 694,984 118,403 

Total 20,000,224        3,002,294 

Wealth.    The  gross  annual  value  of  real  property  in  1802,  was  in  England,  £120,009,963 ; 

in  Scotland,  £15,128,5:38  ;  in  Ireland,  £13,400,546. 
Pauperism.    The  statistics  of  paupers  in  receipt  of  relief,  was  in  1867  and  1808,  as  follows: 

England  and  Wales  (1868):  Adult  able-bodied  paupers,  185,630;  all  other  paupers,  849,193 ;  total, 

1,034,823.    Scotland  (1867) :  Paupers,  76,737 ;  Dependents,  44,432;  total,  121,169.    Ireland  (1868) : 

Indoor  paupers,  56,663 ;  outdoor  paupers,  15,830    total,  72,493. 
Crime.    The  number  of  criminal  offenders,  committed  for  trial,  convicted,  and  acquitted, 

was,  in  1867,  in  the  three  Kingdoms,  as  follows : 

Committed  for  Trial.  Convicted.  Acquitted. 

England  and  Wales 18,971 14207  4,741 

Scotland 3,305...  ..  2,510 277 

Ireland 4,561 2,733 1,803 

All  the  three  Kingdoms  show  a  considerable  decrease  in  the  number  of  persons  committed 
for  trial  since  1853,  which  is  partly  attributed  to  the  operation  of  the  Criminal  Justice  statute 
of  1855,  which  authorizes  Justices  of  the  Peace  to  pass  sentences  for  short  periods,  with  the 
consent  of  the  prisoners,  instead  of  committing  for  trial  to  the  Sessions.  In  Ireland  the  num 
ber  of  persons  committed  for  trial  has  decreased  more  largely  from  1854  to  1867,  than  in  either 
England  or  Scotland,  (from  11,788  to  4,561). 


570  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  \1W9. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  VICTORIA  I.,  Queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
born  May  24,  1819 ;  daughter  of  Edward,  Duke  of  Kent,  (fourth  son  of  King  George  III.), 
and  of  Princess  Victoria,  of  Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg,  widow  of  Prince  Emich  of  Lciningcn. 
Succeeded  her  uncle,  William  IV.,  June  20,  1837;  married  February  10,  1840,  to  Prince  Albert 
of  Saxc-Coburg-Gotha;  widow  December  14,  1SG1.  Children:  1.  Princess  Victoria,  born  Nov. 
21, 1840 ;  married  to  the  Crown  Prince  Friedrich  Wilhelm  of  Prussia,  (see  Prussia).  2.  Prince 
Albert  Edward,  heir  apparent,  bom  November  9,  1841 ;  married  March  10,  18C3,  to  Princess 
Alexandra,  daughter  of  the  King  of  Denmark;  (issue,  two  sons  and  one  daughter:  Albert 
Victor,  born  January  8,  1804;  George,  born  June  3,  18G5  ;  and  Louise,  born  February  20,  1807.) 
3.  Princess  Alice,  born  April  25,  1843 ;  married  to  Prince  Ludwig,  of  Hesse  Darmstadt.  4. 
Prince  Alfred,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  born  August  6,  1844.  5.  Princess  Helena,  born  May  25, 
184G;  married  July  5,  1SG6,  to  Prince  Christian  of  Schleswig-IIolstcin-Sonderburg-Augusten- 
burg.  G.  Princess  Louise,  born  March  18,  1848.  7.  Prince  Arthur,  born  May  1,  1850.  8. 
Prince  Leopold,  born  April  7,  1853.  9.  Princess  Beatrice,  born  April  14,  1857. 

TJie  C'iiil  List  of  the  Queen,  in  accordance  with  the  act  of  December  23,  1837,  amounts  to 
£385,000 ;  besides  £15,000  are  allowed  to  Prince  Alfred ;  £8,000  to  the  Crown  Princess  of  Prussia ; 
£6,000  to  Princess  Ludwig  of  Hesse-Darmstadt ;  £G,000  to  the  Duchess  of  Cambridge ;  £3,000  to 
the  Grand  Duchess  of  Mccklenburg-Strelitz ;  £5,000  to  Princess  Teck ;  and  £12,003  to  Duke 
George  of  Cambridge.  The  heir  apparent  of  the  crown  has  settled  upon  him  an  annuity  of 
£40,000.  The  Prince  of  Wales  has  besides  as  income,  the  revenues  of  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall, 
which,  in  18GG,  amounted  to  £78,158.  The  Princess  of  Wales  has  settled  upon  her  an  annual 
sum  of  £10,000. 

The  House  of  Hanover.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Kings  of  the  House  of  Hanover: 
1.  George  I.  ascended  the  throne  1714.  2.  George  II.  1727  ;  3.  George  III.  17GO.  4.  George  IV. 
1820.  5.  William  IV.  brother  of  the  preceding,  1830.  6.  Victoria,  1837. 

Government.  The  form  of  government  is  monarchical,  the  monarchy  being  limited  and 
hereditary.  The  Constitution  vests  the  legislative  power  in  Parliament,  which  consists  of  the 
Sovereign,  the  House  of  Lords,  and  the  House  of  Commons.  The  executive  functions  of  gov 
ernment  are  performed  in  the  name  of  the  Sovereign  by  a  ministry  taken  from  members  of  both 
Houses,  the  ministers  being  held  responsible  for  all  executive  and  administrative  acts.  Legis 
lative  authority  is  lodged  exclusively  in  Parliament,  and  the  three  branches  of  King,  Lords  and 
Commons  must  concur  in  any  measure  before  it  can  become  law.  General  measures  of  legisla 
tion  may  be  initiated  in  either  House,  but  all  bills  of  supply  must  originate  in  the  Commons, 
nor  has  the  House  of  Lords  the  power  of  amending  their  provisions.  The  Sovereign  has  the 
prerogative  of  the  veto,  but  this  has  long  ceased  to  be  exercised,  and  the  House  of  Commons  is 
virtually  omnipotent  in  its  control  of  state  affairs.  The  House  of  Lords  consists  of  the  Lords 
spiritual  and  temporal.  Of  the  former  there  are  30,  viz. :  the  Archbishops  of  York  and  of  Can 
terbury,  24  English  Bishops,  and  4  Irish  Spiritual  Peers.  The  latter  numbered,  in  18G7, 433,  divided 
as  follows:  Peers  of  the  Royal  blood,  4;  Dukes,  20;  Marquesp.es,  19  ;  Earls,  110  ;  Viscounts,  22; 
Barons,  214,— all  English ;  and  1G  Scotch,  and  28  Irish  Representative  Peers.  The  House  of  Com 
mons  has  a  total  of  G58  members,  which  has  generally  been  the  number  since  the  union  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  By  the  passage  of  the  Scotch  and  Irish  Reform  Bills,  the  distribu 
tion  of  seats  was  so  changed  as  to  give  England  493,  Scotland  GO,  and  Ireland  105  members. 
Scotland  receives  7  additional  members,  but  the  whole  number  of  members  of  Parliament  re 
mained  unchanged.  The  passage  of  the  measures  in  question  has  led  to  very  material  changes 
in  the  constituency  of  the  popular  branch  of  the  Legislature.  In  the  session  of  18G7,  a  bill  was 
introduced  by  the  Derby  Ministry  providing  for  an  enlargement  of  the  constituency,  by  certain 
modifications  of  the  franchise  ;  but  the  changes  proposed  were  clogged  with  provisions  of  so 
restrictive  a  character  that  the  measure  as  introduced  was  vehemently  opposed  by  the  Liberal 
party,  who  successfully  pressed  upon  the  Government  certain  amendments  which  have  had  the 
effect  of  placing  the  franchise  within  reach  of  the  working  classes,  and  of  adding  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  votes  to  the  electoral  body  of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  main  feature  of  the  Act 
is  the  provision  establishing  household  suffrage  in  England.  According  to  this  new  electoral  law, 
every  man  is  entitled  to  vote  for  members  of  Parliament,  who,  not  laboring  under  any  legal  inca 
pacity,  shall  be  the  occupier,  as  owner  or  tenant,  of  a  dwelling-house  in  the  borough  in  which  he 
claims  to  vote,  provided  he  is  assessed,  and  has  paid  rates  for  the  relief  of  the  poor ;  and  every 
man  also  who  occupies  lodgings  which  would  let  unfurnished  at  £10  a  year,  on  the  condition  in 
cither  case  that  he  has  occupied  such  dwelling-house  or  lodgings  for  a  period  of  at  least  12  months 
previous  to  the  last  day  of  July  in  any  year.  This  is  the  qualification  for  voting  in  the  boroughs. 
To  be  entitled  to  vote  for  county  members  the  claimant  is  required  to  have  a  copyhold,  or  lease 
hold  interest,  or  an  interest  arising  from  any  other  tenure  whatever,  of  at  least  £5  clear  yearly 


1869.] 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


571 


value,  in  property  situated  in  the  county ;  or  to  be  the  occupier,  on  the  same  conditions  as  to 
period  of  residence  as  above  stated,  of  lands  or  tenements  within  the  county,  of  the  ratable  Maine 
of  £12  or  upwards.  The  other  important  provisions  of  the  new  Reform  Bill  related  to  the  re 
distribution  of  seats,  whereby  members  were  taken  from  certain  small  boroughs,  not  entitled 
to  more  than  one  representative  each,  and  given  to  large  towns  with  a  numerous  population, 
and  to  counties ;  and  the  adoption  also  of  the  principle  of  the  representation  of  minorities, 
according  to  which,  as  applied  in  the  Bill,  in  Constituencies  returning  three  members,  the 
voters  sluill  be  respectively  entitled  to  vote  for  two  only.  In  the  session  of  1868,  supplementary 
Reform  Bills  from  Scotland  and  Ireland  were  introduced,  placing  the  franchise  in  those  parts  of 
the  United  Kingdom  on  substantially  the  same  basis  as  in  England,  and  in  the  case  of  Scotland 
providing  for  an  addition  of  seven  members  to  her  representation. 

The  duration  of  Parliament  is  septennial,  but  the  Crown  has  the  prerogative  of  dissolving  at 
its  pleasure,  and  a  dissolution  always  takes  place  on  the  death  of  the  Sovereign.  The  preroga 
tive  of  dissolution,  however,  is  never  exercised  except  on  the  advice  of  Ministers,  and  as  a 
rule  only  when  some  great  question  of  state  has  to  be  submitted  to  the  people  for  their  decision, 
or  when  important  acts  have  been  passed  by  Parliament,  involving  great  changes— such,  for 
instance,  as  the  new  Reform  Bills.  A  general  election,  on  the  basis  of  the  reform  bill?  passed 
in  1867  and  1868,  and  explained  above,  took  place  in  November  1868,  the  Right  Hon.  Benjamin 
Disrseli  being  then  Prime  Minister. 

The  Cabinet.  (Dec.  1868.)  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  Right  Hon.  WILLIAM  E.  GLADSTONE  ; 
Lord  Ch  ancdlor,  LORD  HATHERLEY,  (late  Sir  W.  Page  Wood) ;  Lord  President  of  the  Council,  EARL 
DE  GREY  and  RIPON  ;  Lord  P)'ivy  Seal,  EARL  OF  KIMBERLY  ;  Chancellor  of  (he  Exchequer,  Right 
Hon.  ROBERT  LOWE  ;  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Home  Department,  Right  Hon.  HENRY  A.  BRUCE  ; 
Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  LORD  CLARENDON  ;  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies, 
EARL  GRANVILLE  ;  Secretary  of  State  for  India,  DUKE  OF  ARGYLL  ;  Secretary  of  State  for  War, 
Right  Hon.  Mr.  CARDWELL  ;  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  Right  Hon.  Mr.  GUILDERS  ;  President 
of  the  Board  of  Trade,  Right  Hon.  JOHN  BRIGHT;  Post  Master  General,  MARQUIS  OF  HARTINGTON  ; 
Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  LORD  DUFFERIN  ;  President  of  (he  Poor  Law  Board, 
Right  Hon.  GEORGE  J.  GOSCHEN  ;  Chief  Secretary  of  Ireland,  Right  Hon.  CHICHESTER  FORTESCUE. 

The  Duke  of  Cambridge  is  Commander  of  the  Forces,  and  A.  Henry  Layard  Chief  Commis 
sioner  of  Works  and  Public  Buildings. 

Political  Parties.  The  following  are  the  statistics  of  most  of  the  Parliamentary  elections 
that  have  taken  place  since  the  passage  of  the  Reform  Act,  showing  in  what  manner  the  pro 
portion  between  Liberals  and  Conservatives  has  been  in  various  times  affected : 


CONSTITUENCIES. 

1837. 

1841. 

1847. 

1852. 

1859. 

1865. 

1868.t 

Lib. 

187 
49 
71 
88 
11 

~351 

Con. 
140 

95 
34' 
-20 
18 

307 

Lib. 
183 

34 
61 
32 
11 

321 

Con. 

144 
HO1 

44' 
211 
18 

*337 

Lib. 

195 
37 
62 
34 
11 

339 

Con. 

132 
107! 
43i 
19! 
18 

319 

Lib. 

198 
33 
63 
34 
11 

339 

Con. 

Lib. 
200 

41 
52 

38 
15 

346 

Con. 

Lib.     Con. 

Lib.  1  Con. 

English  boroughs  
English  counties  
Ireland  

125 
ill! 

42! 
19j 

18 

315 

123' 
103 
53; 
15! 
14 

80S1 

198 

:,i 

56 
43 
14 

362 

126 
96  ' 
49j 
10 
15 

296  ! 

197 
47 
66 
53 
23 

386 

93 
123 
39 
7 
10 

272 

Scotland  

Wales 

Totals  

Education.  Public  Education  has  of  late  made  great  progress.  The  proportion  of  men 
who  could  write  increased  from  two-thirds  in  1842  to  three-fourths  in  1866;  and  of  women,  from 
a  half  to  two-thirds,  in  the  same  periods.  The  least  progress  has  been  made  in  Wales. 

The  progress  of  schools,  inspected  and  supported  by  the  Government  from  1860  to  1866,  is 
exhibited  by  the  following  table  : 


ENGLAND  AND  WALES,  INCLUSIVE   OF   ISLE   OF   MAN   AND   ROMAN  CATHOLIC 
SCHOOLS   FOR  GREAT   BRITAIN. 


Schools  inspected. 

Children  who  can  be  accommodated. 

Average  No.  of  children  in  attendance. 

I860 
1862 

1864 
1867 

6,012 
6,113 
6,470 
7,601 

1,158,827 
1,292,560 
1,332.553 
1,61)5.409 

751.325 

813,850 
862.817 
978,332 

*  About  30  of  these  were  Liberal-Conservatives,    t  There  was  a  tie  vote  for  one  English  borough. 


572 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
SCOTLAND,  EXCLUSIVE  OF  ROHAN  CATHOLIC  SCUOOLS. 


[1869. 


Tear  ending  31st  of  Aug. 


Schools  inspected. 


Childr 


i  be  accommodated. 


Average  No.  of  children  in  attendance. 


1860 
1862 
1864 

18G7 


1,2(50 
1,456 
1,421 

1,7:39 


161,421 
183,680 
188,004 
231,81)8 


13:2,009 
150,989 
148,817 
1(10,131 


In  Ireland,  the  total  number  of  children  whose  names  appeared  on  the  rolls  of  the  national 
schools  in  1866,  was  910,819,  a  decrease  of  £  per  cent,  as  compared  with  1865.  The  average  daily  at 
tendance  was  316,225,  a  decrease  of  one-fifth  per  cent.  Of  the  total  number  on  the  rolls,  738,79-4 
(81.18  per  cent.)  were  Roman  Catholic  ;  6.96  per  cent,  belonged  to  the  Established  Church,  11.16 
to  the  Presbyterian,  and  0.70  to  other  persuasions.  The  unmixed  schools  show  18,702  Protestant 
pupils  under  Protestant  teachers,  and  373,756  Roman  Catholic  pupils  under  Roman  Catholic 
teachers. 

The  annual  Parliamentary  grants  to  popular  education  amounted,  in  1840,  to  £30,000;  in  1848, 
to  £83,406;  in  1850,  to  £180,110;  in  1854,  to  £326,436;  in  1858,  to  £668,873  ;  in  1862,  to  £774,743; 
in  1866,  to  £649,006.  From  1839  to  1866  the  total  public  expenditure  for  education  was  £6,710,862. 
Of  this  amount,  £4,039,333  were  given  to  Church  of  England  schools  ;  £228,110  to  Roman  Catho 
lic  schools  in  England  and  Wales;  £406.184  to  schools  connected  with  the  Church  of  Scotland; 
£322,777  to  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland ;  £34,363  to  the  Episcopal  Church  of  Scotland  ;  £18,793 
to  Roman  Catholic  schools  in  Scotland. 

A  report  of  the  Army  Medical  Department  shows  the  following  condition  among  every  1,000 
recruits  examined  in  1864 : 

Unable  to  read  or  write.  Able  to  read  only.  Able  to  read  and  writ*. 

England 239 37 724 

Scotland 163 157 680 

Ireland 318 104 578 

Finances.  The  gross  produce  of  revenue,  for  the  year  ending  March  31,1808,  and  the  gross 
expenditure  for  the  same  period  are  as  follows: 

REVENUE.  EXPENDITURES. 

Customs £22,650,000  Interest  and  repayment  of  Debt . . .  £26,571,750 

Excise 20,162,000  Consolidated  Fund  charges 1,893,898 

Stamps 9,541,000  Army 15,418,582 

Assessed  Taxes 3,500,000  Navy 11,168,939 

Income  Tax 6,177,000  Abyssinia  Expedition 2,000,000 

Crown  Lands 345,000  Collection  of  Revenue 4,883,203 

Post  Office 4,630,000  Packet  service 808,518 

Miscellaneous 2,586,218  Civil  service  estimates 8,491,341 

Totals £69,600,218  Total £71,236,231 

The  total  amount  of  revenue  and  expenditures  from  1864  to  1867  was  as  follows: 

REVENUE.  EXPENDITURES. 

1864 £70,208,964 £67,056,286 

1865 70,313,436 6(5,402,206 

1866 67,812,292 65,914,357 

1867 69,434,568 66,780,396 

The  details  of  the  changes  made  in  taxation  in  the  seven  years  from  March  31, 1860,  to  March 
31,  1867,  were  as  follows  :  Taxes  repealed  or  reduced,  £19,299,863;  taxes  imposed,  £3,263,215; 
net  reduction,  £16,036,648.  The  state  of  the  National  Debt  for  the  five  years  from  1863  to  1867, 
was  as  follows : 

CAPITAL.  INTEREST. 

1863 £799,802,139 £25,996,753 

1864 790,565,224 26,211,790 

1865 786,510,795 26,369,398 

1866 781,500,929 26,233,288 

1867 777,497,804 26,081,778 


1869.] 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


573 


Army.    According  to  estimates  laid  before  the  House  of  Commons,  the  English  army  for  the 
year  1867-68,  consisted  of  the  following  regiments,  depots  and  training  establishments  :   - 


REGIMENTS,  DEPOTS  AND  TRAINING  ESTABLISHMENTS. 

Officers. 

Non-Com.  officers,] 
Trumpeters  and 

Rank  and  File. 

Officers  on  the  General  Staff  

REGIMENTS. 

Roval  Horse  Artillery                   

75 

86 
99 
578 
798 
7 
401 
93 
257 
3.809 
1 
1 
1 
19G 
175 

132 
189 
1,018 
1,712 
13 
374 
184 
446 
6,988 
221 
112 
57 
272 
389 

1,720 
1,029 
8,427 
14,250 
205 
3.918 
i;521 
5,250 
63,760 
778 
488 
242 
3,000 
4,270 

Life  Guards  and  Horse  Guards 

Cavalry  of  the  line  

Royal  Artillery                                

Ridin0"  Establishment 

Royal  Engineers        

Military  Train                             .     .              ... 

Infantry  of  the  line  
Army  Hospital  Corps 

Commissariat  Staff     

Staff  Corps  for  Military  Supplies  
West  Indian  Regiments 

Colonial  Corps  

Total 

6,502 

11 
44 
25 
312 

12,107 

34 
143 
69 

728 

108,858 

404 
627 
1,341 
6,040 

DEPOTS   OF  INDIAN  REGIMENTS. 

Royal  Horse  Artillery 

Cavalry                          

Royal  Artillery                                

Infantry  

Total                                      

392 

11 
79 
22 
1 

"l9 

974 

13 
133 
51 
26 
14 
30 

8,412 

"Si 
"22 

RECRUITING  AND   OTHER  ESTABLISHMENTS. 

Cavalry  Depots 

Infantry      li       .          

Recruiting  Establishments  
Instruction  in  Gunnery 

"         in  Engineering'  

"        in  Musketry  

Total 

132 

10 
12 
10 

267 

21 
&5 
180 

76 
10 

TRAINING  SCHOOLS. 

Cadet  Company  (Woolwich)  

Royal  Military  College  (Sandbury) 

Regimental  Schools  

Total 

32 

75 
6,502 
392 
132 
32 

236 

la'ior 

974 
267 
236 

10 

108,858 
8,412 
76 
10 

RECAPITULATION. 

Total   General's  Staff 

"       Regiments  
"       Depots  of  Indian  Regiments 

"       Recruiting  and  other  establishments  
"       Training  Schools  
Total  

7,133 

13,584 

117,356 
138.073 

Total  force,  cost  of  which  is  defrayed  from  Army  Grants. 

In  addition  to  the  standing  army,  England  had,  in  1868,  the  following  auxiliary  forces  ;  1.  The 
Disembodied  Militia,  who  are  bound  to  five  years  service  within  the  United  Kingdom  when 
called  in.  They  must,  in  time  of  peace,  be  called  in  annually,  for  the  purpose  of  exercise,  no 
less  than  21  and  no  more  than  56  days.  Their  equipment  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  standing 
army.  It  consisted,  for  the  year  1868-69,  of  135  battalions  of  infantry,  29  battalions  of  artillery, 
3,507  officers,  5,4(54  under  officers,  and  120,000  men  ;  total,  128,971  men.  Amount  provided  for 
the  militia,  £986,000.  2.  The  Yeomanry  Cavalry,  46  regiments,  1,254  officers,  14,651  men ;  annual 
time  of  exercise,  8  days ;  amount  provided  for  them,  £88,000.  3.  The  Volunteers.  The  number 
is  not  officially  declared  in  the  budget ;  according  to  the  statements  of  the  officers,  they  num 
bered:  cavalry,  1,318;  artillery,  23,363;  engineers,  2,904;  riflemen,  135,000;  total,  162,585; 
amount  provided  for  volunteers,  £385,100.  4.  Pensioners,  and  5.  Army  Reserves.  For  these  two 
classes  £64,600  were  provided. 

Navy.  The  navy  is  governed  by  a  Board  of  Admiralty,  at  the  head  of  which  is  a  Cabinet 
Minister,  who  is  called  First  Lord,  with  a  salary  of  £4,500  per  annum.  Associated  with  him 


574 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAK-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


are  fonr  other  members  called  Lords  by  courtesy,  three  with  salaries  of  £1,000  per  annum,  and 
one  with  £1,200.  The  first  secretary  has  £2,000  and  the  second  secretary  £1,500  per  annum. 
Under  the  board  are  five  great  departments  :  Controller  of  the  navy,  Accountant  General,  Store 
keeper  General,  Controller  of  Victualling,  and  Director  General  of  the  Medical  Department. 
The  total  establishment,  in  18(37,  consisted  of  451  persons.  The  number  of  seamen  belonging 
to  the  navy  in  the  year  1867-68  was  as  follows  : 

FOR  THE   FLEET.  FOR  THE   COAST   GUARD. 

Seamen 37,015  Afloat,  Seamen 2,950 

Boys  including  3,100  for  training..  7,418  "       Boys...  450 

-    44,433 

Marines  afloat 8,000  3,400 

u        on  shore 8,400    10,400        On  shore,  officers  and  men. . .  . .  .4,300 


Total (50,833  Total 

The  actual  strength  of  the  navy,  on  the  1st  of  February  1867,  was  as  follows  : 


STEAM 

Effective  eai 

Afloat. 

Build'g. 

Total. 

afloat. 

Armor  plated  ships,   iron,    3d  rate,  screw. 

9 

1 

10 

"      4th  rate,        '     

2 

0 

"        wood,  3d  rate,         '     

7 

7 

4th  rate,        ' 

1 

cupola  ships,  4th  rate,        ' 

4 

1 

5 

corvettes,  wood,  6th  rate  '     
sloops,  wood,  6th  rate.       ' 

2 

2 

2 

o 

gun-boats,  iron,                  ' 

2 

1 

3 

floating  batteries,  iron,      ' 

3 

wood,    '     

1 

1 

Ships  of  the  line,  screw  

2 

Frigates,                    "      

38 

33 

paddle  

5 

' 

Block  ships,           screw.     .   . 

o 

2 

Corvettes,                  " 

04 

24 

Sloops,                        "     

34 

3 

• 

paddle 

10 

10 

Small  vessels,           "     

10 

10 

Despatch  vessels       "     .   ... 

4 

Gun  vessels,          screw  

32 

o 

Gun-boats,                 "     

95 

2 

97 

Tenders  and  tugs,    " 

5 

"         "        "  paddle  

39 

2 

41 

Mortar  ships,         screw. 

2 

Troop  and  store-ships,  screw  .   . 

14 

14 

"        "             "          paddle.   .     . 

Transport  for  India  reliefs,  screw  

5 

i 

Yachts,  screw  

\ 

-, 

"        paddle     

5 

5 

Mortar  vessels  and  floats 

29 

Total  screw 

341 

21 

86° 

Total  paddle  

73 

1 

74 

Total  

414 

22 

436 

38 

Commerce.    The  value  of  the  imports  and  exports  into  and  from  the  United  Kingdom  for 
the  years  1864,  1865,  and  1866,  was  as  follows  : 

1865.                                  1S66.  1867. 

Imports .£271,072,285 £295,204,553 £275,249,853 


™         f       (  British  produce £165,&35,725 £188,837,785. . .  . .  .£181,183  971 

Exports.    {  Foreign  and  Colonial 52,995,851 49,979.115 44,873,165 


Total  exports £218,831,576 £238,806,900 £-226,057,136 

Total  of  imports  and  exports. .  .£489,903,861 £534,011,453 £501,306,989 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  division  of  imports  and  exports,  in  1866,  between  the 
several  countries : 


isca.] 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


575 


IMPORTS  INTO  THE 

British  Possessions £72,200,838 

United  States 46,852,284 

France 37,010,576 

Russia 19,036.129 

Germany 18,591,954 

E-rypt  15,308,824 

Netherlands 11,709,020 

China 10,771,566 

Belgium 7,906,849 

Brazil 7,237,793 

Sweden  and  Norway 5,013,515 

Spain       5,553,132 

Turkey 5,304,500 

Italy.. 3,8:30,744 

Peru      3,016,907 

Cuba  and  Porto  Rico 2,900,393 

Chili 2.943,112 

Portugal 2,517,828 

Denmark 2,291,908 

New  Granada 1.542,064 

Uruguay 1,540,250 

Western  Africa 1,422,937 

Austria 1,309,831 

Philippine  Islands 1,196,557 


UNITED  KINGDOM. 

Argentine  Republic £1,061,518 

Greece 879,598 

Central  America 560,443 

Rumania 441,928 

Azores  and  Madeira 400,601 

Canary  Islands 393,639 

Morocco 360,082 

Mexico 313,478 

Japan 273,745 

Hayti  and  San  Domingo 248,173 

Venezuela 202,036 

Syria  and  Palestine 137,908 

Ecuador 120,890 

Danish  West  Indies 107,993 

Algiers 48,405 

French  Possessions  in  India 45,255 

Fernando  Po 34,237 

Java  and  Sumatra 8,152 

Other  countries 1,107,539 


Total  from  foreign  countries.. £222,997,715 


Grand  total  of  Imports £295,204,553 


EXPORTS  FROM  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM. 


British  Possessions £53,702,001 

United  States 28.484,146 

Germany 15,780,016 

France          11 ,096,016 

Netherlands 8,991,108 

Turkey 8,090,563 

E<rvpt  7,540,504 

Brazil'.'/.  7,223,794 


Italy 5,821,530 

China 5,106,102 

Russia 8,093,231 

New  Granada 2,947,576 

Belgium 2,871,386 

Argentine  Republic 2,844,306 

Spain 2,336,508 

Cuba 2,236,903 

Portugal 2,404,310 

Chili 1,852,436 

Java  and  Sumatra 1,723,059 

Japan 1,447,070 

Hayti  and  San  Domingo 1,425,404 

Uruguay 1.402,174 

Peru      1,354,697 

Mexico 1,282,098 

Denmark 1,199,706 

Philippine  Islands 918,250 

In  1867,  the  total  value  of  exports  was  £226,057.136. 


Austria £911,267 

Norway 855,268 

Greece 851,873 

Sweden 827,794 

Western  Africa 001,308 

Venezuela 410,300 

Morocco 191,076 

Central  America 154,409 

Islands  in  the  Pacific 138,426 

Tunis 71,887 

Eastern  Africa 53,054 

Ecuador 43,813 

Cape  Verde  Islands 34,104 

Persia 27,651 

Algiers 15,030 

Papal  ports  on  the  Mediterranean 14,853 

Madagascar 14,355 

Bolivia 12,907 

Siam 4,088 

Arabia 2,772 

Cochin  China 940 


Total  to  foreign  countries £135,125,124 

Grand  total  of  Exports    of 
British  Produce £188,827,785 


Of  this  amount,  about  four-fifths,  or 
£181,183,971  consisted  of  British  produce,  against  £146,002,342  jn  1803,  showing  an  increase  of 
£34,359,581  in  five  years.  The  value  of  exports  of  British  produce  to  each  foreign  country  in 
each  of  the  years  1863  and  1867  respectively,  was  as  follows :  Russia,  £2,695,276  and  £3,944,035  ; 
Sweden,  £606,987  and  £647,318  ;  Norway,  £556,979  and  £848,843 ;  Denmark  and  Danish  posses 
sions,  £1,591,203  and  £1,862.668;  Prussia,  £1,917,345  and  £2,879,380 ;  Schleswig-Holstein  and 
Lauenberg,  £124,217  and  £119,265 ;  Hanover,  £568,337  and  £193,842  ;  Mecklenburg  Schwerin, 
£72,429  and  £84,497 ;  Oldenburg  and  Kniphauscn,  £54,838  and  £36,418 ;  Hanse  Towns,  £10,800,092 
and  £17,229,251 ;  Holland  and  Dutch  possessions,  £7,087,095  and  £10,913,883 ;  Belgium,  £2,107,332 
and  £2,816.481 ;  France,  £8,673,309  and  £12,121.010;  French  possessions,  £31,850  and  £63,300; 
Portugal  proper,  £2,225,777  and  £1,823,382;  Portugese  possessions,  £211,130  and  £223,578; 
Spain,  £3,508.550  and  £2,237,902;  Spanish  possessions,  including  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico,  £2,840,832 
and  £3,590,069 ;  Italy,  £0,038,305  and  £4,805,552 ;  Papal  territory,  £20.808  and  £15,801 ;  Austrian 
territories,  viz :— Illyria,  Croatia,  and  Dalmatia,  £864,736  and  £903,952;  Greece,  £341,991  and 
£514,686 ;  Ionian  Islands  (1864),  £310.08-1  and  £434.438 ;  Turkey,  £5,471,924  and  £5,429,096  ;  Turk 
ish  possessions,  £1,427,038  and  £1,028,767;  Egypt,  £4,406,295  and  £8,198,111;  Tunis,  £4,924  and 
£67.204;  Morocco,  £174.551  and  £189,307;  Western  Coast  of  Africa,  £590,111  and  £794,073; 
Eastern  Coast  of  Africa,  £15,289  and  £33,930;  Madagascar,  £13,085,  and  £585;  Muscat,  Arabia, 
£1,189  and  £0,638;  Persia  (1864),  £530  and  £14,069;  Siam,  £11,984  and  £4,244;  Cochin  China, 


576  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

£36,597  and  £612 ;  China,  £2.416,705  and  £4,993,469 ;  Japan,  £108,897  and  £1,545,386 ;  Islands  in 
the  Pacific,  £141,119  and  £19,888;  Hay  ti  and  St.  Domingo,  £528,614  and  £291,623;  United  States 
of  America,  £15,344,392  and  £21,825,703;  Mexico,  £1,678,572  and  £812,948;  Central  America, 
£140,609  and  £243,560;  New  Granada,  £1,558,188  and  £2,390,931;  Venezuela,  £402,261  and 
£260,136;  Ecuador,  £9,864  and  £44,072;  Peru,  £1,027,343  and  £1,422,112  ;  Bolivia  (1864),  £3,510 
and  £3,852;  Chili,  £1,431,814  and  £2,524,438;  Brazil,  £3,964,261  and  £5,694,577;  Uruguay, 
£534,937  and  £2,452,508;  Argentine  Confederation,  £1,330,959  and  £2,837,124.  The  value  of  ex 
ports,  the  produce  of  the  United  Kingdom,  to  the  British  possessions  in  1867,  was  £19,799,610, 
against  £50,879,270  in  1863.  The  value  of  these  exports  to  each  of  the  colonies,  in  each  of  the 
years  1863  and  1867  respectively,  was  as  follows :  Channel  Islands,  £867,776  and  £469,523 ;  Gib 
raltar,  £1,267,900  and  £723,318;  Malta  and  Gozo,  £622,608  and  £498,796;  possessions  on  the 
river  Gambia,  £69,037  and  £75,700;  Sierra  Leone,  £178,726  and  £225,655;  Gold  Coast,  £80,849 
and  £328,702;  Ascension,  £7,066  and  £5,710;  St.  Helena,  £33,544  and  £36,936;  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  £1,241,946  and  £1,701,441 ;  Natal,  £281,339  and  £191,570 ;  Mauritius,  £511,813  and  £377,450; 
Aden,  £45,017  and  £79,127 ;  India,  exclusive  of  transit  through  Egypt,  £20,002,241  and  £21,805,127 ; 
Straits  Settlements,  £1,486,774  and  £2,068,910;  Ceylon,  £1,075,927  and  £771,879;  Ilong-kong, 
£1,473,222  and  £2,471,809;  Australian  colonies,  £12,498,534  and  £9,613,739;  British  North  Am 
erican  colonies,  £4,813,482  and  £5,862,402 ;  Bermuda,  £607,443  and  43,479 ;  British  West  India 
Islands,  £2,623,847  and  £1,666,697;  British  Guiana,  £512,391  and  625,943;  British  Honduras. 
£161,367  and  £148,016  ;  Falkland  Islands,  £11,303  and  £7,611. 

The  Merchant  Navy.    The  movement  of  shipping  in  the  years  1864  to  1866,  was  as 
follows : 

British  Vessels— Tonnage.  Foreign  Vessels— Tonnage.  Total  Tonnage. 

18«1     j  Entered 9,028,100 4,486,911 13.515,011 

:>     I  Cleared 9,173,575 4,515,923 13,689,498 

Total 18,201,675 9,002,834 27,201,509 

ic,,.,.     j  Entered 9,023.432 4,694,454 14,317,886 

'•     j  Cleared 9,735,523 4,843,683 14,579,206 

Total 19,358,955  9,538,137  28,897,092 

1RRr     j  Entered 10,692,102 4,920,068 15,612.170 

'•     |  Cleared 10,563,624 5,086,656 ,15,650,280 

Total 21,255,726 10,006,724 31,262,450 

The  merchant  navy  was  composed,  at  the  close  of  the  years  1865  and  1866,  as  follows  : 
1.  UNITED  KINGDOM.  1865.  1866.  1867. 

Vessels.  Tonnage.  Vessels.  Tonnage.  Vessels.  Tonnage. 

Sailing  Vessels 26,069. .  .4,936,776 26,140. .  .4,903,652 25,842. .  .4,852,911 

Steamers 2,718...    823,533 2,831...    875,685 2,931...    901,062 


Total 28,787 . . .  5,760,309 28,971 . . .  5,779,337 28,773 . . . 5,753,973 

2.  COLONIES  AND  EAST  INDIES. 

Sailing  Vessels  and  Steamers.  12,718. .  .1,583,941 12,477. .  .1,562,295 12,560. .  .1,561,985 


Total 41,505. .  .7,344,250 41,448. .  .7,341,632 41,333. .  .7,315,958 

The  merchant  navy,  at  the  close  of  1867,  had  346,606  and  at  the  close  of  1866,  348,214  sailors. 


7.    GREECE. 

Capital,  Athens.    Area,  19,353  square  miles.    Population,  1,348,522. 

History.  Beginning  of  the  war  of  independence  against  the  Turkish  rule,  1821 ;  Greece 
recognized  as  an  independent  Kingdom  under  the  protectorate  of  France,  England  and  Russia, 
1830  ;  Prince  Otto  of  Bavaria  elected  first  king,  1832  ;  flight  of  king  Otto,  1862 ;  election  of  king 
George  I.,  1863;  annexation  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  1864. 

The  average  density  of  population  is  66  per  square  mile,  or  considerably  less  than  that  of 
European  Turkey.  The  nationality  of  the  inhabitants  is  very  mixed.  The  Albanian  race,  num 
bering  about  a  quarter  of  a  million,  furnish  to  the  Greek  soil  the  greatest  number  of  cultivators, 
and  to  the  maritime  population  of  Greece  its  most  enterprising  element.  Only  one-seventh  of  the 
area  is  under  cultivation  ;  the  rest,  though  in  greater  part  good  for  agricultural  purposes,  lies 
waste.  The  ground  is  chiefly  in  the  hands  of  n  few  proprietors.  The  chief  city,  Athens,  has 
41,298  inhabitants. 

Reigning-  Sovereign  and  Family.  GEORGE  I.,  King  of  the  Hellenes,  born  Dec.  24, 
1845,  son  of  Prince  Christian  of  Schleswig-IIolstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg,  present  King  of 


FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  577 

Denmark ;  elected  King  of  the  Hellenes  by  the  National  Assembly  at  Athens,  March  18,  1863 ; 
man-led,  Oct.  27, 1867,  to  Olga,  born  Aug.  22,  1851,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Grand  Duke  Constan- 
tine  of  Russia,  brother  of  the  Emperor  Alexander  II.  Children:  1.  Prince  Constantine,  born 
Aug.  2,  1868. 

Government.  The  constitution  vests  the  whole  legislative  power  in  a  single  Chamber  of 
representatives,  elected  by  universal  suffrage.  The  executive  is  vested  in  the  King  and  his  re 
sponsible  ministers,  assisted  by  a  Council  of  State.  The  latter  consists  of  15  to  25  members, 
named  by  the  Crown  at  the  recommendation  of  the  ministers,  and  holding  office  for  10  years. 

The  Ministry.  (Appointed  1868.)  Minister  of  Home  Affairs  and  President  of  the  Council, 
BULGARIS  ;  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  DELYANNI;  Minister  of  Finance^  SIMOS  ;  Minuter  of  Pub 
lic  Worship,  MAVROMICHALIS  ;  Minister  of  War,  SPIRO  MILIO  ;  Minister  of  Justice,  BAP.TOGLIS  ; 
Minister  of  Marine,  CANARIS.  The  number  of  government  officials  is  exceedingly  large. 

Education.  .The  public  schools  are  divided  into  four  classes — the  Communal  Schools,  the 
ancient  Greek  Schools,  the  Gymnasium  and  the  University. 

Finances.  The  finances  are  at  present  in  a  most  disordered  state.  The  budget  for  1867 
states  for  revenue  32,472,335  drachmas  (28  drachmas  =£1),  and  for  expenditure  28,160,000.  But 
the  actual  expenditure  is  believed  to  have  been  nmch  larger  than  that  given  in  the  budget  esti 
mates,  and  there  have  been  few  financial  terms  without  a  deficit.  The  deficit  of  the  budget  for 
1866  is  calculated  to  be  4  to  5  million  drachmas.  The  public  debt  is  variously  stated ;  the  official 
report  of  1S66  settles  it  at  233, 000,000  drachmas. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  army  consisted,  in  1866,  of  11,460  men  ;  the  navy  of  a  frigate  -of 
50  guns.  2  corvettes  of  26  and  22  guns,  1  paddle  steamer  with  6  guns,  6  screw  steamers  hav 
ing  in  all  10  guns,  and  of  26  smaller  vessels  and  gunboats.  The  navy  is  manned  by  conscription 
and  volunteering  from  the  inhabitants  of  the-  sea-coast. 

Commerce.  The  value  of  imports  amounted,  in  1864,  to  62,000,000  drachmas,  the  exports  to 
31,000,000.  The  most  important  commercial  relations  are  those  with  Great  Britain,  France  and 
Turkey.  The  commercial  navy  numbered,  in  1864,  4,528  ships  of  280,342  tons,  and  a  crew  of 
24,949  men.  There  is,  as  yet,  no  railroad  in  Greece. 


8.    ITALY. 

Capital,  Florence.    Area,  109,837  square  miles.    Population,  24,368,787. 

History.  In  1416.  the  Counts  of  Savoy  adopted  the  title  of  Duke ;  in  1418,  they  acquired 
the  principality  of  Piedmont.  At  the  peace  of  Utrecht,  in  1713,  they  obtained  the  island  of 
Sicily,  with  the  title  of  King.  Sicily  was  exchanged,  in  1720,  for  the  isle  of  Sardinia.  Genoa 
and  the  surrounding  territory  were  added  to  the  Sardinian  Crown  at  the  peace  of  1815.  By  the 
treaty  of  Villa  Franca,  and  the  peace  at  Zurich,  1859,  the  king,  Victor  Emanuel  II.  obtained 
Western  Lombardy.  part  of  the  Papal  States,  and  the  Duchies  of  Parma  and  Modena,  while  the 
remaining  districts  of  Lombardy  with  Venetia  were  added  to  his  dominion  by  the  Peace  of 
Prague,  in  1866.  In  1863,  the  kingdom  was  divided  into  59  provinces,  and  the  seat  of  govern 
ment  was  transferred  to  Florence,  in  1865. 

Population.  The  population  is  most  crowded  in  Lombardy  and  the  Island  of  Sicily  ;  the 
least  numerous  in  the  Island  of  Sardinia.  Lombardy  and  Sicily  are  the  provinces  in  which  the 
population  has  increased  most  rapidly.  Sardinia  and  the  Neapolitan  provinces  are  next  in  or 
der  ;  the  increase  has  been  much  slower  in  Piedmont.  In  1865,  there  were  205,651  marriages, 
865.387  births,  and  672.897  deaths.  It  is  calculated  that  only  two-thirds  of  the  area  capable  of 
production,  is  cultivated,  and  that  the  rest  lies  waste.  The  great  mass  of  the  people  are  devoted 
to  agricultural  pursuits.  The  number  of  inhabitants  of  the  principal  cities  was,  in  1864,  as 
follows : 

Naples 447,065       Catania...  .    68.810 

Turin 204,915       Ferrara 67,988 

Milan 196,109       Lucca ft5,435 

Palermo 194,463       Verona 59,169 

Genoa  (1861) 127,986       Ravenna 57,303 

Venice 122,942       Alessandria. . .  56,545 

Florence 114,363       Modena 55,512 

Boloirna 109,395        Padua 53,584 

Messina 103,324       Pisa 51,05T 

Leghorn 96,471        Reggio 50,371 

The  number  of  persons  having  incomes  derived  from  real  property  is  estimated  to  be 
4,861,000,  of  which  1,000,000  are  in  the  Sardinian  States,  and  1,400,000  in  Naples.     The  amount 
of  such  incomes  is  £40,400,000  sterling,  of  which  £7,750,000  belong  to  the  Sardinian  States, 
37 


578  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

£6,000,000  to  Lombardy,  and  £12,000,000  to  Naples.  The  increase  of  wealth  in  most  of  the  Ital 
ian  States  has  been  much  more  rapid  within  the  last  century  than  the  increase  of  population. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and.  Family.  VICTOR  EJVIANUEL  II.,  King  of  Italy,  boru  March  14, 
1820,  son  of  King  Charles  Albert  of  Sardinia  and  Archduchess  Theresia  of  Austria,  succeeded  to 
the  throne  of  Sardinia,  March  23, 1849 ;  proclaimed  King  of  Italy  by  vote  of  the  Italian  Parliament, 
March  17, 1861 ;  married  April  12,  1842,  to  Archduchess  Adelaide  of  Austria.  Children:  1.  Prin 
cess  Clotilde,  born  March  2, 1843;  married  Jan.  30,  1859,  to  Prince  Napoleon,  cousin  of  the  Em 
peror  of  the  French.  2.  Prince  Humbert,  heir-apparent,  born  March  14,  1844;  married  April  22, 
1868,  to  Princess  Margaret  of  Savoy,  born  Nov.  20,  1851,  daughter  of  the  late  Duke  of  Genoa. 
3.  Prince  Amadeus,  born  May  30,  1845,  married  May  30,  1867,  to  Maria,  daughter  of  Prince 
Charles  Emanuel  dal  Pozzo  della  Cisterna,  born  Aug.  9,  1847.  4.  Princess  Pia,  born  Oct.  16, 
1847,  married  Oct.  6,  1862  to  King  Louis  I.  of  Portugal. 

Government.  The  executive  power  belongs  exclusively  to  the  Sovereign,  and  is  exercised 
by  him  through  responsible  ministers.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  King  and  Par 
liament.  The  latter  consists  of  two  Chambers.  The  Senate  is  composed  of  the  royal  princes, 
and  of  a  number  of  members  nominated  by  the  King  for  life  ;  the  number  of  senators  in  1867, 
was  283.  The  deputies  of  the  lower  House  are  elected  by  a  majority  of  all  citizens  who  are  21 
years  of  age,  and  pay  taxes  to  the  amount  of  40  lire  =40  francs.  The  duration  of  Parliament 
is  5  years.  Each  of  the  Chambers  has  the  right  of  introducing  new  bills,  but  all  money  bills 
must  originate  in  the  House  of  Deputies.  The  House  numbered  in  1807,  493  members. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  and  President  of  the  Council,  Gen.  MENABREA, 
appointed  186T;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  CADORNA,  appointed  1868;  Minister  of  Justice  and 
Ecclesiastical  Affairs,  DE  FILIPPO,  appointed  1868;  Minister  of  Finance,  Count  DIGNY;  Minis 
ter  of  War,  Gen.  BERTOLE  VIALE  ;  Minister  of  Marine,  Rear  Admiral  RIBOTTI,  appointed  1868 ; 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  Agriculture,  and  Commerce,  E.  BROGLIO  ;  Minister  of  Public 
Worlcs,  Count  CANTELLI. 

Education.  Under  the  new  Italian  Government,  a  great  part  of  the  property  confiscated 
from  the  monastic  establishments  has  been  devoted  to  the  cause  of  public  education,  for  which 
besides,  an  annual  credit  of  £600,000  is  voted  by  the  Parliament.  Thirty-three  great  model 
schools  have  been  opened ;  notwithstanding  the  great  efforts  of  the  new  Government,  education 
yet  stands  very  low  in  the  kingdom.  According  to  the  census  of  1864,  out  of  a  total  population 
of  21,703,710,  there  were  only  3,884,245  who  could  read  and  write.  There  are  13  universities  in 
Italy,  including  the  Papal  States— Bologna,  Naples,  Padua,  Rome.  Perugia,  Pisa,  Siena,  Pavia, 
Turin,  Parma,  Florence,  Catania,  Cagliari  and  Genoa. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  1867,  including  for  the  first  time  the  newly  annexed  Venetian 
provinces,  showed  an  increased  income,  but  still  more  increased  expenditure.  Revenue,  792,- 
553,032  lire;  expenditure,  1,014,409,071  lire;  deficit,  221,856,039  lire  (lire  =  franc).  The  actual 
deficit  of  1866  was,  however,  calculated  to  amount  to  no  less  than  800,000,000  lire,  owing  to  the 
immense  war  expenditure  in  1866,  and  to  paying  indemnity  for  property  in  Venetia.  The  bud 
get  estimate  for  1869,  reports  the  following  :  Total  revenue,  804,516,743  lire ;  total  expenditure, 
1,004,262,253  lire ;  presumed  deficit,  199,745,510  lire.  The  national  debt  was  as  follows,  March  1, 
1867 :  Consolidated  Stock,  4,873,854,354  lire ;  redeemable  debt,  675,549,812  lire ;  debt  not  yet 
inscribed,  622,560,203  lire  ;  total,  6,171,963,369  lire.  Debt  in  March  1868,  6,251,000  lire. 

Army.  A  certain  portion  of  all  the  young  men  of  the  age  of  21  is  levied  annually  for  the 
standing  army,  while  the  rest  are  entered  in  the  army  reserve.  The  army  is  divided  into  6 army 
corps.  The  total  number  on  peace  footing  for  1869  is  fixed  at  183,431  men  and  officers  ;  on  war 
footing,  573,721  men  and  officers. 

Fortresses :  Alessandria,  Casale,  Genoa,  Pizzighettone,  Pavia,  Verona,  Mantua,  Peschiera, 
Legnago,  Venice,  Chioggia,  Palmanova,  Osopo,  Ancona,  Ferrara,  Piacenza,  Bologna,  Reggio, 
Gaeta,  Capua,  Pescara,  Messina,  Siracuse,  Cagliari,  Sassari. 

Navy.  The  navy  consisted,  in  1868,  of  22  ironclads,  .35  screw  steamers,  33  paddle  wheel  steam 
ers,  9  sailing  vessels  ;  total,  99  vessels,  carrying  a  total  armament  of  1,022  guns.  Of  these,  75 
vessels,  with  991  guns,  are  fit  for  war.  The  navy  was  manned  by  11,193  sailors  and  660  working- 
men,  with  1  admiral,  5  vice  admirals,  12  rear  admirals,  36  captains  of  vessels.  28  captains  of  frig 
ates  first-class,  38  captains  of  frigates  second  class,  80  lieutenants  first  class,  145  lieutenants 
second  class,  and  140  sub-lieutenants.  There  are,  besides,  2  regiments  of  marine  infantry,  with 
234  officers  and  5,688  soldiers. 

Commerce.  The  commercial  intercourse  of  Italy  is  chiefly  with  France  and  Great  Britain ; 
the  imports  from  France  were  in  1865,  294,000,000  francs,  and  from  England,  203,000,000 ;  the  ex 
ports  to  France  amounted  to  135,000,000.  Next  in  order  of  importance  are  the  commercial 
transactions  with  Austria  and  Switzerland.  Value  of  merchandise  in  1865 :  imports,  965,000,000 


FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  579 

francs ;  exports,  558,000,000 ;  of  transit  goods,  55,000,000  francs  ;  total,  1,578,000,000  francs.  The 
average  produce  of  olive  oil  represents  a  value  of  200,000,000  francs,  of  which  70,000,000  worth 
is  exported.  The  Neapolitan  provinces  produce  81,000,000,  Sicily  39,000,000,  Liguraand  Piedmont 
36,000,000,  Tuscany,  20,000,000  francs  in  value.  Italy  imports  mineral  oils  of  a  value  of  nearly  12,000,- 
000  francs  per  annum,  and  exports  about  the  same  value  in  linseed,  almond  and  other  oils.  The 
commerce  of  Venice  has  for  many  years  been  on  the  decline.  The  commercial  navy  consisted, 
at  the  end  of  1866,  of  16,210  sailing  vessels  of  717,364  tons  burden,  among  which  were  99  steamers 
of  22,445  tons  burden.  The  whole  number  of  eeamen  inscribed  on  the  rolls  was,  in  1866, 
155,747.  In  1867  there  were  3,675  kilometres  (2,300  miles)  of  railroads.  There  were  372  news 
papers  published  in  the  kingdom  ;  of  these,  41  were  published  in  Genoa,  42  in  Florence,  44  in 
Turin,  44  in  Naples  and  51  in  Milan.  There  are  173  savings-banks,  having  398,862  deposits. 


9.    LUXEMBURG. 

Capital,  Luxemburg.    Area,  991  square  miles.    Population,  199,958. 

History.  This  Grand  Duchy  belonged  to  the  German  Confederation,  from  its  beginning 
(1815)  until  its  dissolution  (1866).  Its.  capital,  Luxemburg,  was  a  federal  fortress.  The  right  of 
garrisoning  it  belonged  to  Prussia,  but  it  renounced  it  by  the  treaty  of  London.  May  11, 1867, 
while  the  Grand  Duchy  was  declared  neutral  under  the  permanent  sovereignty  of  the  House 
of  Orange-Nassau. 

Government.  A  Governor  appointed  by  the  King  of  the  Netherlands  administrates  the 
Grand  Duchy.  The  constitution  of  1848  was  revised  in  1856.  According  to  the  Law  of  Election 
of  1857.  a  Diet  of  31  deputies  is  chosen  every  6  years.  The  mode  of  election  is  indirect.  The 
legislative  power  is  jointly  with  the  King,  (Grand  Duke)  and  the  Diet. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  1868  is  as  follows :  Revenue,  4,836,220  francs :  expenditure, 
4.959,977  francs  ;  deficit,  123,757  francs.  The  public  debt  was  stated,  in  1866,  to  be  a  little  over 
12,000,000  francs. 


10.  NETHERLANDS. 

Capital,  Hague.    Area,  12,680  square  miles.    Population,  3,552,665. 

History.  In  the  14th  and  15th  centuries  the  Netherlands  formed  part  of  the  territory  of  the 
Duke  of  Burgundy,  with  which,  on  the  extinction  of  the  Ducal  House,  they  fell  to  the  house  of 
Hapsburg  at  the  close  of  the  15th  century.  After  the  death  of  Charles  V.,  they  were  united  with 
Spain  under  Philip  II.  General  insurrection  against  the  Spanish  rule,  1576  ;  recognition  of  the 
Dutch  Republic,  1C09 ;  the  office  of  Governor  was  made  hereditary  in  the  family  of  Orange, 
1747 ;  conquest  of  the  Netherlands  by  the  French,  and  establishment  of  the  Batavian  Republic, 
1805 ;  establishment  of  the  Kingdom  of  Holland  under  Louis  Bonaparte,  1806  ;  Holland  united 
with  France,  1810 :  Holland  and  Belgium  united  into  the  Kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  1815 ; 
independence  of  Belgium,  1830. 

The  pure  Dutch  number  about  2,500,000 ;  the  Friesians  are  dispersed,  (500,000)  through  four  prov 
inces,  while  North  Brabant  is  almost  entirely  inhabited  by  a  Flemish  population.  The  Netherlands 
possess  a  comparatively  larger  town  population  than  any  other  country  in  Europe.  The  chief 
citie^are:  Amsterdam,  264,498  inhabitants  ;  Rotterdam,  115,277  ;  Hague,  87,801 ;  Utrecht,  58,607. 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  WILLIAM  III.,  King  of  the  Netherlands,  born  Feb. 
19, 1817,  son  of  King  William  II.  and  of  Princess  Anna  Paulowna,  daughter  of  Czar  Paul  I.  of 
Russia ;  succeeded,  at  the  death  of  his  father,  March  17, 1849  ;  married  June  18, 1839,  to  Sophie, 
born  June  17, 1818,  daughter  of  King  William  I.  of  Wurtemberg.  Children  :  1.  Prince  William, 
heir-apparent.  ("Prince  of  Orange,1')  born  Sept.  4,  1840;  2.  Prince  Alexander,  bom  Aug.  25, 
1851.  The  royal  family — known  as  the  House  of  Orange-Nassau — descended  from  a  German  Count 
Wai  ram  in  the  llth  century.  The  family  acquired,  in  1404,  the  little  principality  of  Breda,  and 
thereby  got  a  footing  in  the  Netherlands.  The  alliance  of  Count  William  II.  of  Nassau,  with  a 
daughter  of  King  James  II.,  transferred  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain  to  the  family.  The  dignity 
of  Governor  of  the  Netherlands  was  formally  declared  to  be  hereditary  in  1747,  in  William  IV. 
of  this  family.  In  consequence  of  a  decree  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  William  VI.  was  pro 
claimed  King  of  the  Netherlands,  under  the  title  of  William  I.  House  of  Orange-Nassau :  William 
I.,  1815 :  William  II.,  1840 ;  William  III.,  1849. 

Government.  The  whole  legislative  authority  is  vested  in  two  Chambers,  ("  States— Gen 
eral").  The  upper  House  consists  of  39  members,  elected  by  the  provincial  Diets  ;  the  second 
Chamber  numbers  72  members,  elected  by  ballot.  All  native  citizens  paying  taxes  to  the 


580  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

amount  of  120  guilders,  are  voters.  All  financial  measures  must  originate  in  the  second  Cham 
ber.  The  executive  authority  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Sovereign,  and  exercised  by  him  through  a 
responsible  Council  of  Ministers. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  ROEST  VAN  LIMBURG  ;  Minister  of  Justice, 
VAN  SILVER;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  C.  FOCK  ;  Minister  of  Finance,  VAN  BOSSE  ;  Minister  of 
Marine,  BUOEX;  Minister  of  War,  VAN  MULKEN;  Minister  of  Colonies,  DE  WAAL. 

Education.  Education  is  well  conducted,  and  very  generally  diffused.  Besides  the  public 
BChools,  there  are  many  higher  establishments  and  Latin  schools.  Above  them  are  the  three 
Universities  of  Leyden,  Groningen,  and  Utrecht.  The  proportion  of  attendance  in  the  public 
schools  is  one  in  eight  of  the  entire  population.  There  are  published  annually  over  1,800  prints, 
150  newspapers,  and  GO  other  periodicals. 

Finance.  The  revenue  in  1807  amounted  to  98,577,234  (Dutch)  florins ;  the  expenditure  to 
102,220,158  florins.  The  public  debt,  in  1867,  amounted  to  969,450,913  florins,  and  the  interest  at 
27,635,375  florins. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  army  of  the  Netherlands  is  formed  partly  by  conscription  and 
partly  by  enlistment.  The  men  drawn  by  conscription  at  the  age  of  20  serve,  nominally,  5  years. 
Besides  the  regular  army  there  exists  the  militia.  The  European  portion  of  the  Dutch  army  con 
sisted,  in  1867,'  of  61,318  men. 

The  Dutch  Navy  was  composed,  July  1, 1868,  of  135  vessels,  carrying  1,325  guns.  The  navy  is 
manned  by  1  admiral,  2  "admiral-lieutenants,"  2  vice  admirals,  4  rear  admirals,  20  captains,  42 
commanders,  342  first  and  second  lieutenants,  115  midshipmen,  and  123  administrative  officers. 
The  active  strength  of  the  crew  amounted,  Jan.  1,  1867,  to  2,129  men.  Both  sailors  and  marines 
are  recruited  by  enlistment,  conscription  being  allowed  but  not  actually  in  force.  The  principal 
fortresses  are  Herzogenbusch,  Breda,  and  Grave. 

Commerce.  The  total  imports  in  1866  amounted  to  528,000,000  florins  ;  exports  436,000,000 
florins.  The  commerce  of  the  Netherlands  has  greatly  increased  within  the  last  ten  years.  Dur 
ing  this  time,  the  imports  from  Great  Britain,  Germany,  and  Russia  have  nearly  doubled,  while 
the  exports  have  risen,  chiefly  to  Germany,  Belgium,  and  Italy.  The  mercantile  navy  has  been 
decreasing  of  late  years.  It  consisted,  at  the  end  of  1866,  of  2,178  vessels,  measuring  270,042 
tons. 

Colonies.  The  Colonial  possessions  of  the  Netherlands  are  divided  into  the  following  de 
pendencies  :  East  India,  20,074,155  inhabitants  ;  West  Indies,  86,703 ;  Coast  of  Guinea,  120,000 : 
total  population,  20,280,858.  Slavery  ceased  in  the  WTest  Indian  colonies  in  1860.  The  colonial 
army  consisted,  at  the  end  of  1864,  of  27,617  men. 


11.    PAPAL  STATES. 

Capital,  Rome.    Area,  4,552  square  miles.    Population,  723,121. 

History.  The  formation  of  the  States  of  the  Church,  dates  from  the  year  755.  The  territory 
increased  by  various  subsequent  additions.  In  1810  the  whole  of  the  Papal  States  were  included 
in  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  but  the  Congress  of  Vienna  restored  a  greater  part  of  them.  In  1859 
the  Romagna  detached  itself  from  the  Papal  rule,  and  in  1860  the  Marches  and  Umbria  followed. 

Of  the  former  20  " legations "  and  "delegations,"  only  5  remain.  The  city  of  Rome  had,  in 
1867,  215,573  inhabitants. 

Reigning  Sovereign.  Pius  IX.,  Sovereign  Pontiff  of  Rome,  born  at  Sinigaglia,  May  13, 
1792.  son  of  Count  Mastai  Ferretti ;  elected  as  successor  of  Gregory  XVI.,  June  16,  1846 ; 
crowned  June  21, 1846.  The  election  of  a  Pontiff  is  by  scrutiny  or  a  ballot.  Pius  IX.  is  the 
258th  Pope. 

Government.  In  theory,  the  Sovereign  Pontiff  enacts  all  laws  and  nominates  to  all  ap 
pointments,  but  practically  the  legislative  and  executive  power  is  left  to  a  Cabinet.  A  Council 
of  Ministers  conducts  the  foreign  relations.  The  Council  of  State  consists  of  9  ordinary  and 
6  extraordinary  members. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  State  and  Foreign  Affairs,  Cardinal  ANTONELLI,  President,  ap 
pointed  1850:  Minister  of  Finance,  G.  FERRARI,  appointed  1854;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  A. 
NEGRONI,  appointed  1868 ;  Minister  of  War,  Gen.  H.  KANZLER,  appointed  1865 ;  Minister  of  Com 
merce  and  Public  Works.  Cardinal  BERARDI,  appointed  1868 ;  Minister  of  Police,  L.  RANDI,  (1865). 

Finance.  No  official  account  of  the  revenue  and  expenditures  of  the  Papal  Government  is 
given  to  the  public.  According  to  the  statement  of  Roman  papers,  the  budget  for  1867  is  as  fol 
lows  :  Revenue,  36,000,000  francs  ;  expenditure,  65,000,000  francs ;  deficit,  29,000,000  francs.  The 
sum  total  of  the  Pontificial  debt  is  unknown ;  its  interest  is  stated  to  amount  to  37,000,000  frcs: 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  581 

Army.  The  army  is  entirely  formed  by  enlistment,  taking  place  in  foreign  countries  as  well 
as  within  the  Papal  States.  The  troops  numbered,  in  June  1868,  16,525  men. 

Commerce.  The  international  trade  is  extremely  small,  although  facilitated  by  the  excel 
lent  port  of  Civita  Vecchia.  There  are  no  recent  statements  as  to  exports  and  imports.  As  to 
the  movement  of  ships,  there  entered  and  cleared,  in  18(54,  5,916  vessels  of  a  burthen  of  891,723 
tons,  from  and  to  France.  The  principal  countries  as  to  commercial  intercourse  with  the  Papal 
States  are  France  (and  Algeria),  Great  Britain,  Tuscany,  Sardinia,  Naples,  Sicily,  and  Spain. 
Cereals  are  the  chief  staple  of  trade.  The  produce  of  wool  amounted,  in  1867,  to  831,000  kilo 
grammes.  There  are  four  lines  of  railway  of  the  length  of  84  English  miles. 


12.    PORTUGAL. 

Capital,  Lisbon.    Area,  37,977  square  miles.    Population,  4,351,519. 

History.  Portugal,  until  the  12th  century  shared  the  fate  of  Spain.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  12th  century,  Henry  of  Burgundy  became,  as  Count  of  Portugal,  the  first  independent  ruler. 
Alfonso  I.  declared  king,  1139.  Extinction  of  the  House  of  Burgundy,  1480.  Portugal  united 
with  Spain,  1480—1640.  First  king  of  the*House  of  Braganza.  1640,  which  has  ever  since  reigned, 
except  from  1807  to  1809,  when  the  country  was  occupied  by  French  troops. 

Islands  and  Colonies.  The  population  of  the  islands  and  colonies  is  as  follows : 
Islands:—  Azores,  251,894;  Madeira,  111,764;  total,  363,658.  Total  population  in  Europe,  4,351,- 
519.  Colonies:—  Cape  Verde  Islands,  84,191;  Senegambia,  1,095;  islands  of  St.  Thomas  and 
Principe,  18,369;  Angola  and  Benguela,  2,000,000;  Mozambique,  300,000;  India,  (Goa),  474,185; 
Damao,  Diu,  52,882;  Indian  Archipelago,  850,300;  China.  (Macao),  100,000;  total,  3,881,022. 
Portugal  has  few  large  towns.  The  chief  cities  are  Lisbon,  224,244  inhabitants ;  Oporto,  89,321 
inhabitants. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  Louis  I.  King  of  Portugal,  born  Oct.  31, 1838,  son  of 
Queen  Maria  II.  and  of  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Saxe-Coburg;  succeeded  Ms  brother,  King  Pedro  V 
Nov.  11, 1861 ;  married  Oct.  6,  1862,  to  Pia,  bom  Oct.  16,  1847,  youngest  daughter  of  King  Victor 
Emanuel  of  Italy.  Children :  1.  Carlos,  born  Sept.  28,  1863.  2.  Alfonso,  bora  1865.  Father 
of  the  king:  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Saxe-Coburg.  born  1805,  married  in  1836,  Queen  Maria  II.  of 
Portugal;  Regent  of  Portugal  during  the  minority  of  his  son,  the  late  King  Pedro  V.  (1853-1855). 
Uncle  of  the  King:  Prince  Miguel,  born  1802:  Regent  of  Portugal^  1828 ;  declared  King  June  30, 
1828 ;  abdicated  May  29,  1831 :  died  1866.  The  reigning-  dynasty  of  Portugal  belongs  to  the 
House  of  Braganza,  which  dates  from  the  commencement  of  the  15th  century.  The  present  king 
is  the  second  Sovereign  of  Portugal  of  the  line  of  Braganza-Coburg. 

Government.  The  fundamental  law  of  the  kingdom,  granted  by  King  Pedro  IV.  in  1826, 
was  altered  in  1852.  The  crown  is  hereditary  in  the  female  as  well  as  male  line.  The  executive 
and  moderating  authority  reside  in  the  sovereign  and  his  responsible  ministers.  The  General 
Cortes  consists  of  two  Chambers.  The  Senators  are  unlimited  in  number,  and  named  for  life  by 
the  Sovereign.  The  members  of  the  House  are  chosen  in  direct  election.  Continental  Portugal 
is  divided  into  37  electoral  districts,  returning  154  deputies,  to  which  Madeira  and  the  Azores 
add  25.  The  Executive  consists  of  the  following : 

Council  of  Ministers.  (1868.)  The  President,  and  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Marquis 
SA  DA  BANBEIRA  ;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Bishop  ALVES  MARTINS  ;  Minister  of  Justice  and 
Ecclesiastical  Affairs,  PEQUITO  SEIXAS  D'ANDRADE  ;  Minister  of  Finance,  BENTO  DA  SILVA  ; 
Minister  of  Marine  and  Colonies,  LATINO  COELHO;  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Public  Works. 
LOPEZ  CALHEIROS  E  MENEZES  :  Minister  of  War,  Viscount  DE  SAO  THIAGO. 

Education.  It  is  compulsory  by  the  law,  on  parents,  to  send  their  children  to  school,  but 
this  is  far  from  being  enforced.  In  1862,  there  was  one  scholar  to  every  36  inhabitants.  There 
is  only  one  university  in  the  kingdom,  that  of  Coimbra  (founded  in  1290) ;  there  are  182  lyceums 
with  an  average  of  3,000  scholars. 

Finances.  The  revenue  has  increased  but  little  during  the  last  30  years.  There  has  been 
no  budget  in  the  same  period  without  a  deficit.  The  budget  for  1867—1868  is  as  follows :  Rev 
enue.  16,884,419  milreis  (milreis=54£  d.) ;  expenditure,  22,695,979  milreis.  The  budget  for  the 
colonies  wa*  fixed  for  1867.  as  follows :  Revenue,  1,275,000,000  milreis  ;  expenditure,  1,4.35.000.000 
milreis ;  deficit,  160,000,000  milreis.  The  public  debt  amounted,  in  1867,  to  218,000,000  milreis. 

Army.  The  army  of  the  kingdom  consists  of  the  following  troops:  Infantry,  15,099 ;  cav 
alry,  2,539;  artillery,  1,495.  To  these  troops  must  be  added  municipal  guards,  veterans  etc. 
The  total  strength  amounts  to  24,848  men.  The  troops  in  the  colonies  number  9,453  men  in  first 
line,  and  21,411  men  in  second  line. 


582  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Navy.  The  navy  consisted  in  1868,  of  31  ships  with  305  guns,  and  was  manned  by  3,180 
sailors  and  marines. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  imports  was,  in  1866,  26,000,000,  the  exports,  22,000,000 
milreis. 


13.    RUSSIA. 

Capital,  St.  Petersburg.    Area,  7,862,568  square  miles.    Population,  77,008,448. 

History.  Rurik,  Prince  of  the  Russians,  arrived  at  Novgorod  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
Russian  Empire,  861.  Extinction  of  the  House  of  Rurik,  1598.  Accession  of  the  House  of 
Roinanof  to  the  throne,  1613. 

Area  and  Population.  The  Russian  Empire  comprises  one-seventh  of  the  territorial 
part  of  the  globe,  and  about  one-twenty-sixth  part  of  its  entire  surface.  Total  area — 7,862,- 
568  square  miles, — European  Russia  embraces  2,050,313  square  miles.  The  population  of  the 
Russian  Empire  is  divided  as  follows:  European  Russia,  61,325,923;  Government  of  Caucasus, 
4,157,9lf;  Siberia,  4,625,699 ;  Kingdom  of  Poland,  5,100,000 ;  Grand  Duchy  of  Finland,  1,798,909; 
total,  77,008,448  inhabitants.  The  chief  cities  of  the  Russian  Empire  are:  St.  Petersburg, 
539,122  inhabitants  ;  Moscow,  351,609  ;  Warsaw,  243,512 ;  Odessa,  118,970  ;  Riga,  102,043;  Kisch- 
inef,  94,124;  Saratof,  84,391;  Wilna,  69,464;  Kief,  68,424;  Nikolajef,  64,561;  Kasan,  63,085; 
Tula,  56,739 ;  Berdischef,  53,169 ;  Kharkof,  52,016  inhabitants.  More  than  a  hundred  tribes, 
speaking  as  many  different  languages,  are  comprised  within  the  circuit  of  the  Russian  Empire, 
but  nearly  all  these  live  on  the  frontiers  of  the  country.  The  interior  is  inhabited  by  a  homoge 
neous  race,  the  Russians.  Serfdom  was  abolished  in  1863,  within  the  whole  of  Russia.  The 
following  statement  shows  the  respective  number  belonging  to  the  different  nationalities : 

Nativity.  Inhabitants.  Nativity.  Inhabitant*. 

Russians 53,470,000  Circassians 800.000 

Poles 4,860,000  Rumanians 780,000 

Tartars 4,780,000  Armenians 540,000 

Pins 4,630,000  Mongols 500,000 

Lithuanians. . .  2,420,000  Swedes 150,000 

Jews 2,290,000  Greeks 50,000 

Germans 830,000  Bulgarians 41,000 

Georgians 800,000  Servians 30,000 

Total .77,000,000 

Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  ALEXANDER  II.,  Emperor  of  Russia,  born  April  17, 
1818,  son  of  Emperor  Nicholas  I.  and  of  Princess  Charlotte  of  Russia ;  succeeded  his  father, 
Feb.  18, 1855 ;  married  April  16, 1841,  to  Maria,  born  Aug.  8,  1824,  daughter  of  Grand  Duke  Lud- 
wig  II.  of  Hesse-Darmstadt.  Children :  1.  Grand  Duke  Alexander,  heir-apparent,  born  Feb  26, 
1845;  married  Nov.  9,  1866,  to  Maria  Dagmar,  daughter  of  King  Christian  IX.  of  Denmark; 
son,  Nicholas,  born  May  18,  1868  ;  2.  Grand  Duke  Vladimir,  born  April  10, 1847 ;  3.  Grand  Duke 
Alexis,  born  Jan.  2,  ia50:  4.  Grand  Duchess  Maria,  born  Oct.  5, 1853;  5.  Grand  Duke  Sergius, 
born  April,  1857 ;  6.  Grand  Duke  Paul,  born  Sept.  21,  1860.  Sister  of  the  Emperor,  Grand 
Duchess  Olga,  born  Aug.  30,  1822,  married  to  Prince  Charles,  (now  king)  of  Wurtemberg. 
The  reigning  family  of  Russia  descended  in  the  female  line,  from  Michael  Romanof,  elected  Czar 
in  1613,  and  in  the  male  line  from  the  Duke  Charles  Frederick  of  Holstein-Gottorp,  born  in  1701. 
The  emperor  is  in  possession  de  jure  and  de facto  of  the  whole  revenue  of  the  Crown  domains. 
The  following  have  been  the  Emperors  of  Russia,  since  the  beginning  of  the  German  House  of 
Holstein-Gottorp :  Peter  III.  1762,  Catherine  II.  1762,  Paul,  1796,  Alexander  I.  1801,  Nicholas, 
1825.  Alexander  II.  1855. 

Government.  The  Government  of  Russia  is  an  absolute  hereditary  monarchy.  The  Em 
peror's  will  alone  is  law.  The  administration  of  the  empire  is  entrusted  to  four  great  councils 
centering  in  the  "Private  Cabinet  of  the  Emperor."  The  first  is  the  "  Council  of  the  Empire," 
consisting  of  a  President— Grand  Duke  Constantine— and  an  unlimited  number  of  members 
appointed  by  the  Emperor.  It  superintends  the  action  of  the  general  administration, 
watches  over  the  due  execution  of  the  laws,  and  proposes  alterations  of  the  same.  The  second 
council  is  the  "  Senate,"  whose  functions  are  partly  of  a  deliberative,  and  partly  of  an  execur 
tive  character.  The  senators  are  mostly  persons  of  high  rank  or  station.  The  third  council  is 
the  "Holy  Synod,"  composed  of  the  principal  dignitaries  of  the  church,  and  presided  over  by 
the  metropolite  of  Novgorod.  The  fourth  council  is  that  of  Ministers. 

Council  of  Ministers.  Minister  of  the  Imperial  House,  Gen .  Count  ADLERBERG,  1857 ;  Min 
ister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Prince  GORTSCHAKOFP,  1856 ;  Minister  of  War,  Gen.  MILLUTIN,  1862 ; 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  583 

Minister  of  the  Navy,  Rear  Admiral  KBABBE  ;  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Gen.  TIMACHOW  II. ; 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  Count  TOLSTOI  ;  Minister  of  Finance,  V.  REUTERN  ;  Minister  of 
Justice,  Count  YON  PAHLEN  ;  Minister  of  t/ie  Imperial  Domains,  Gen.  ZELENOI  ;  Minister  of  Pub 
lic  Works,  Gen.  MIELNIKOFF  ;  General  Post  Office,  (vacant) ;  Department  of  General  Control,  A. 
TATARINOFF.  The  empire  is  divided  into  14  general  governments,  50  governments,  and  over 
320  districts. 

Education.  The  education  of  the  people  is  still  deficient,  though  it  has  made  much  pro 
gress  within  the  last  half  of  a  century.  The  empire  is  divided  into  educational  districts, 
each  of  which  has  a  university,  with  a  certain  number  of  lyceums.  The  proportion  of  school- 
attending  children  to  inhabitants  is  stated  to  be  as  1  to  140.  The  number  of  schools  was,  in 
1865,  about  33,000,  with  nearly  a  million  of  scholars.  The  universities  are  Moscow,  Kharkof, 
St.  Petersburg.  Kief,  Dorpat,  Kasan  and  Odessa.  There  were,  in  1865,  328  periodical  papers, 
of  which  143  were  published  in  St.  Petersburg. 

Finances.  According  to  the  official  statement,  the  estimated  budget  for  1867,  revenue  and 
expenditure,  including  Poland,  is  as  follows,  expressed  in  roubles : 

ORDINARY  REVENUE. 

Direct  Taxes 51,595,422 

Indirect  Taxes 171,394,902 

Other  sources 117,340,395 

Total '. 340,330,719 

Extraordinary  Revenue 56,757,635 

Total  Revenue 397,088,354 

ORDINARY  EXPENDITURE. 

Public  Debt 73,846,155       Ministry  of  Interior 15,717,497 

Expenses  of  Interior  State  Dept.    1,691,298  "         "  Public  Instruction      7,255,815 

Clergy 6,774,353  "         "  Public  Works 22,403,032 

Imperial  household 8,191,742       Post  Office  and  Telegraphs. . .     14,263,797 

Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs. . . .    2,219,254       Ministry  of  Justice 8,315,684 

"  War 123,450,334       Imperial  studs 568,084 

"         "Marine 16,643,115       Civil  administration  of  Poland    20,119,010 

"         "Finance 65,530,904  "       Trans.  Caucasus     4,890,550 

44          "  Domains 6,973,274  

Total 398,298,830 

Extraordinary  Expenditure 45,551,341 

Total  Expenditure 443,850,171 

For  the  financial  year  1808,  the  revenue  was  estimated  at  413,000,000  roubles ;  the  expenditures 
at  425,000,000  roubles.  According  to  an  official  report,  the  public  debt  amounted,  Jan.  1, 1866,  to 
1,733,966,974  roubles ;  in  1867,  to  1,809,942,693  roubles.  The  issue  of  paper  money  increases,  the 
note  circulation  having  more  than  doubled  in  ten  years.  The  interest  on  the  Public  Debt  in 
creased  from  64,000,000  in  1865  to  69,000,000  in  1866,  and  to  74,000,000  in  1867.  The  deficits 
amounted  in  1865  to  22,000,000,  in  1866  to  42,000,000,  in  1867  to  41,000,000,  in  1868  (estimated)  to 
12,000,000  roubles. 

Army.  The  land  forces  of  Russia  are  formed  of  two  classes  of  troops,  the  regular  troops 
and  the  feudal  militia.  The  regular  army  is  recruited  principally  by  means  of  conscription, 
partly  by  the  adoption  of  sons  of  soldiers,  and  partly  by  voluntary  enlistment.  The  period  of 
service  is  fixed  at  22  years  for  the  guard,  and  25  years  for  the  other  troops  ;  but  the  soldiers  are, 
after  10  to  12  years  service,  entitled  to  an  indefinite  leave  as  reserve.  According  to  the  official 
statement  of  the  "  Military  Magazine,"  the  strength  of  the  army  was  as  follows,  in  1866 :  Staff 
and  superior  officers,  30,507  ;  infantry,  626,004 ;  cavalry,  68,673 ;  artillery,  84,392 ;  engineers,  19,- 
082;  total,  798,151  men  and  officers.  The  irregular  troops  are  invariably  distributed  in  regi 
ments  and  sotnias  (100  men).  The  entire  male  population  is  liable  to  service. 

Navy.  The  Russian  navy  consists  of  two  great  divisions,  the  fleet  of  the  Baltic,  and  that 
of  the  Black  Sea.  The  sailors  are  levied  by  recruitment;  as  many,  however,  as  possible,  are 
enlisted  voluntarily.  The  period  of  service  is  14  years.  According  to  an  official  report,  the 
navy  consisted,  in  1864,  of:  Sailing  vessels — 1  corvette,  6  schooners.  3  tenders,  11  transports, 
9  yachts,  &c. ;  total,  48  vessels  with  73  guns.  Steamers,  (afloat  and  in  construction) :  6  ships- 
of-the-line,  15  frigates,  2  iron-clad  frigates,  22  corvettes,  11  clippers,  3  iron-clad  batteries,  12  iron 
clad  gunboats  (monitors),  80  gunboats,  4  yachts,  24  schooners,  9  transports,  75  smaller  steamers; 
total,  263  steamers,  with  2,095  guns  ;  add  to  these  14  iron-clad  battery  rafts  with  18  guns.  Total 
of  guns,  2,186,  of  horse-power,  37,244.  In  1866,  the  iron-clad  fleet  consisted  of  11  frigates,  (124 
guns.  43,2S7  tons) ;  14  monitors,  (61  guns,  21,020  tons) ;  total,  25  iron-clads  afloat,  with  185  guna. 
There  were,  besides,  260  steamers  and  59  sailing  vessels,  together  with  1,993  guns. 


584  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  the  imports  and  exports  for  1865  and  1866  was  as  follows :  1865, 
imports,  209,000,000  roubles,  exports,  164,000,000  roubles :  1866,  imports,  189,000,000  roubles,  ex- 
ports,195,000,000  roubles.  The  chief  trading  ports  are  Petersburg  and  Riga,  on  the  Baltic ;  Arch 
angel,  on  the  White  Sea;  Odessa,  on  the  Black  Sea;  Taganrog,  on  the  Sea  of  Azof;  and  Astra- 
chan  and  Baku,  on  the  Caspian  Sea.  Moscow  is  the  principal  entrepot  of  the  interior  commerce 
of  the  empire.  The  trade  with  China  is  mostly  carried  on  through  Kiachta,  and  the  interior 
commerce  is  kept  up  by  means  of  Nijni  Novgorod. 

In  1865,  there  were  among  the  ships  entered,  2,288  British,  1,321  Russian,  1,588  North  Ger 
man,  950  Italian,  689  Dutch,  670  Swedish,  489  Turkish,  411  Austrian,  206  French,  and  255  Danish 
vessels.  The  commercial  navy  of  Russia  consisted  in  1865,  of  2,132  vessels,  84  of  which  were 
steamers,  with  a  burthen  of  90,496  lasts.  The  commerce  at  sea  transports  about  72  per  cent,  of 
the  exports  and  60  per  cent,  of  the  imports.  The  commercial  intercourse  of  Russia  is  chiefly 
with  Prussia,  Great  Britain  and  France.  Commerce  with  Asia ;  exports  in  1866,  22,000,000,  im 
ports,  25,000,000  roubles.  The  chief  staple  articles  of  export,  were  cereals  and  flour,  66,000,000 
roubles ;  flax  and  tow,  28,000,000  roubles  ;  hemp,  11,000,000  roubles ;  oil  seed,  16,000,000  roubles ; 
wool,  17,000,000  roubles ;  tallow,  13,000,000  roubles.  Import;  Drugs  and  .dyes,  11,000,000  rou 
bles  ;  tea,  16,000,000  roubles ;  raw  cotton,  25,000,000  roubles.  The  Fair  of  Nijui  Novgorod  off 
ered  goods  for  sale,  in  1865,  to  the  value  of  111,000,000  roubles.  There  were,  in  1867, 17  rail 
road  lines  in  operation  and  4  in  course  of  construction. 

The  Grand  Duchy  of  Finland  and  the  Kingdom  of  Poland  are  politically  united  with  the  Rus 
sian  Empire,  but  with  separate  administrations.  Poland,  however,  is  to  be  fully  incorporated 
with  Russia  proper. 

FINLAND. 

Government.  This  Grand  Duchy,  ceded  to  Russia  in  1809,  has  preserved  its  ancient  con- 
Btitution,  providing  for  a  national  parliament  of  four  estates,  the  nobles,  the  clergy,  the  burgh 
ers  and  the  peasants.  The  right  of  legislation  and  of  general  taxation  is  nominally  in  the  hands 
of  this  Assembly,  though  in  reality  it  is  exercised  by  a  Senate  appointed  by  the  Emperor.  The 
Governor-General  of  the  Grand  Duchy  is  Gcu.  Count  ADLEKBEEG. 

Finance.  The  general  budget  for  1867  is  :  Revenue  and  expenditure,  14,330,521  mark  eil- 
ver  (4  mark=l  rouble). 

Army.  The  troops  number  3,499  men.  The  763  pilots  belonging  to  the  navy  are  distributed 
on  8  lighthouses  and  93  stations. 

Commerce.  The  commercial  navy  consisted,  in  1867,  of  446  sailing  vessels  of  77,942  lasts, 
and  5,632  men  in  the  ports.  65  vessels  being  steamers ;  in  the  inland,  there  were  1,161  vessels, 
of  51,823  lasts,  and  3,845  men. 

POLAND. 

Population.  Of  the  population  amounting  to  over  5,000,000,  about  4,000,000  are  of  Slavonic 
origin,  about  500,000  Jews,  and  250,000  Germans.  The  great  majority  of  the  people  are  engaged 
in  agriculture. 

Government.  The  Kingdom  of  Poland  ceased  to  be  an  independent  country  in  1795.  after 
the  third  partition.  The  country  was  broken  up  between  Austria,  Russia  and  Prussia.  Russian 
Poland  is  now  virtually  a  province  of  the  Empire  under  the  Governor-General,  Gen.  Count  BERG. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  1866  has  been  estimated  at  24,525,294  silver  roubles.  The  state 
debt  amounted  in  the  same  year,  to  about  44,000,000  roubles. 


14.    SPAIN. 

Capital,  Madrid.    Area,  195,607  square  miles.    Population,  16,302,625. 

History.  Establishment  of  the  Kingdom  of  the  Visigothi,  in  the  5th  century ;  invasion  by 
the  Arabs,  who  after  the  battle  at  Xerez  de  la  Frontera,  711,  conquered  nearly  the  whole  of  Spain. 
The  Christians,  for  a  time  confined  to  the  mountains  of  Asturia  and  Gallicia,  reconquered  Leon 
in  the  10th,  and  Castile,  Aragon,  and  Navarra,  in  the  llth  century.  A  number  of  independent 
Kingdoms  were  established,  among  which  Aragon  and  Castile  were  the  most  prominent.  The 
latter  gradually  absorbed  all  the  others.  The  marriage  of  Ferdinand  of  Aragon  (1479—1516), 
with  Isabella  of  Castile  (1474 — 1504),  and  the  overthrow  of  the  last  Mohammedan  Kingdom  in 
Spain,  and  total  expulsion  of  Mohammedans  in  1492,  brought  about  a  union  of  all  Spain  under 
Charles  I.  (as  German  Emperor  Charles  V.),  the  grandson  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella.  Extinc- 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  585 

tion  of  the  House  of  Hapsburg,  1700 ;  the  House  of  Bourbon,  1700—1808 ;  Joseph  Bonaparte 
King  of  Spain,  1808-13 ;  restoration  of  the  Bourbons,  1814 ;  Ferdinand  VII.  in  1830,  abolished 
the  Salic  law  which  excluded  females  from  the  right  of  succession ;  death  of  Ferdinand  VII., 
1833 ;  civil  war  between  the  adherents  of  Don  Carlos,  the  late  King's  brother,  and  those  of  Queen 
Isabella,  the  king's  daughter,  1833—1840;  banishment  of  the  Queen  Dowager  Christina,  1840;  Es- 
partero,  regent  of  Spain,  1841—1843;  overthrow  of  Queen  Isabella  and  the  Bourbon  dynasty, 
September,  18(53;  Marshal  Serrano,  head  of  the  Provisional  Government,  November  1868. 

Area  and.  Population.  The  kingdom,  viz :  The  continent  of  Spain,  the  Balearic  islands, 
and  the  Canary  islands,  is  divided  into  forty-nine  provinces,  subdivisions  of  the  twelve  ancient 
provinces.  Colonies — These  are  1.  American  colonies  (see  America),  1,832,062  inhabitants ;  2. 
Asiatic  and  Australian,  2,679,500 ;  3.  African,  17,071.  Total  colonial  population,  4,728,633. 

The  Spaniards  are  a  mixture  of  Celts,  Romans,  Alani,  Goths.  Suevi,  Vandals,  Moors  and 
Arabs;  the  Moorish- Arab  element  preponderates  especially  in  Andalusia.  There  are,  besides 
half  a  million  of  Basques,  60,000  Moriskos  (descendants  of  the  Moors),  about  1,000  Germans  in 
the  Sierra  Morena,  45.000  Gipsies,  and  a  small  number  of  Jews. 

The  chief  cities  are  the  following:  Madrid.  298,426  inhabitants;  Barcelona,  189,948;  Seville, 
118,298;  Valencia,  107,703:  Malaga,  94,732;  Murcia,  87,803;  Cadiz,  71,521;  Saragossa,  67,428, 
Granada.  67,326  ;  Palma,  53,019. 

The  density  of  population  is  about  83  per  English  square  mile,  or  considerably  less  than  half 
that  of  Italy,  and  one-third  less  than  that  of  the  Netherlands. 

Nearly  46  per  cent  of  the  whole  surface  of  the  kingdom  is  still  uncultivated.  The  soil  is  sub 
divided  among  a  very  large  number  of  proprietors.  In  the  country,  the  estates  worth  less 
than  $200  are  65  per  cent.,  and  the  estates  worth  between  $200  and  $1,000  are  21  per  cent,  of  the 
land.  In  the  cities  the  property  worth  less  than  $200  is  38  per  cent.,  and  that  worth  from  $200 
to  $1,000  is  40  per  cent.  The  titled  nobility  is  very  numerous. 

Government.  Isabella  II.,  bom  October  10.  1830,  was  Queen  of  Spain,  1833—1868.  A  revo 
lution  in  1868  abolished  her  rule.  A  provisional  government  at  the  head  of  which  was  Mar 
shal  Serrano  held,  at  the  close  of  the  year  1868,  control  of  the  land.  The  constituent  Cortes 
were  to  meet  in  January,  1809,  and  decide  on  the  future  form  of  Government. 

Education.  Up  to  a  very  recent  period,  the  great  mass  of  the  population  was  in  a  state  of 
extreme  ignorance.  Middle-class  education  is  given  in  fifty-eight  public  colleges.  There  are  ten 
faculties  of  literature  and  philosophy,  seven  of  sciences,  four  of  pharmacy,  seven  of  medicine, 
and  six  of  theology.  The  ten  universities  (Barcelona,  Granada,  Oviedo,  Madrid,  Salamanca, 
Santiago,  Sevilla,  Valencia,  Valladolid,  and  Zaragoza)  had,  in  1865,  9,704  students  (4,194  in 
Madrid). 

Finances.  The  budget  estimate  for  the  financial  year  1865—1866  (in  escudos,  of  which 
ten  are  equal  to  £1)  was,  expenditure,  274,733,237;  revenue,  274,936,029.  The  estimates  for 
1866 — 1867  show  a  surplus,  but  there  was  in  both  years  an  actual  deficit  of  eight  million  dol 
lars.  The  budget  for  1867—1868  fixes  the  total  revenue  at  257,000,000  escudos,  the  expenditure 
at  264,000,000.  thus  making  a  deficit  of  7,000,000  escudos.  In  almost  all  the  budgets  the  expendi 
ture  was  made  to  balance  the  revenue.  The  revenue  of  Spain  has  largely  increased  during  the 
last  few  years,  and  continues  to  progress.  The  national  and  church  property  was  and  is  still  of 
immense  value.  The  public  debt  amounted.  November  30,  1806,  to  20,412,134,058  reals  (100 
reals  =  £1),  the  floating  debt,  July  1,  1867,  to  about  172,000,000  reals. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  army  and  navy,  before  the  revolution  of  1868,  was  formed  by  con- 
Bcription,  but  substitutes  were  allowed.  The  term  of  sen-ice  was  eight  years— five  years  in  the 
line  and  three  years  in  the  provincial  militia.  The  nominal  strength  of  the  army  in  Europe,  in 
1866,  was  236,301.  There  were  eight  captain-generals,  60  lieutenant-generals,  118  field-marshals, 
271  brigadiers  and  a  general  staff. 

The  navy  consisted,  according  to  official  returns  in  1867,  of  the  following  vessels :  1st  class— 
6  iron-clad  frigates  (two  afloat  and  four  in  construction),  161  guns ;  11  screw  frigates,  461  guns ; 
3  paddle  steamers,  48  guns  ;  total.  20  steamers.  670  guns. 

2d  class— 1  screw  steamer,  18  guns ;  11  paddle  steamers,  61  guns ;  5  sailing  vessels,  80  guns ; 
1  pontoon  ;  total,  18  vessels  (12  steamers),  159  guns. 

3d  class  -26  screw  steamers,  68  guns  ;  10  paddle  steamers,  18  guns  ;  1  sailing  vessel,  16  guns; 
16 transports ;  1  pontoon;  total,  54  ships,  102 guns. 

Smaller  vessels:  18  screw  gunboats,  18  guns  ;  other  vessels  8. 112guns;  total,  118  men  of  war  (99 
steamers,  17  sailing  vessels.  2  pontoons)  with  1,071  guns.  The  navy  was  manned  by  1  admiral, 
5  vice-admirals,  15  rear-admirals,  about  14,700  sailors,  8,000  marines,  4,539  arsenal  guard. 

Commerce.  Value  in  reals  of  foreign  trade,  in  1863 :  Imports,  1,898,000,000;  exports,  1,219,- 
000,000.  The  total  of  foreign  trade,  in  1864,  was :  Imports,  1,990,000,900 ;  exports,  1,413,000,000. 


586  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  mineral  as  well  as  the  agricultural  riches  of  Spain  are  very  great ;  but  neither  of  these  two 
sources  of  national  wealth  are  yet  developed. 

The  whole  of  the  Spanish  railways  belong  to  private  companies,  but  nearly  all  have  obtained 
guarantees  or  subsidies  from  the  government.  There  was,  at  the  beginning  of  1867  a  length  of 
about  2,400  miles  in  operation. 

Spain  has  a  magnificent  coast  of  500  leagues  on  the  Mediterranean  and  of  300  leagues  on  the 
Atlantic. 

Colonies.  The  colonial  possessions  of  Spain,  formerly  embracing  nearly  the  whole  of  Ameri 
ca,  are  reduced  at  present  to  the  following  islands,  with  a  small  strip  of  territory  in  northern 
Africa.  In  Africa,  the  islands  of  Fernando  Po,  Corisco,  Mosquito?,  Annabar,  and  the  Territory 
del  Cabo  de  San  Juan.  In  America,  Porto  Rico  and  adjacent  islands,  Cuba,  and  adjacent  islands. 
In  Asia  the  Philippine  islands.  In  Oceanica,  Marianas  and  Caroline  Islands.  The  most  im 
portant  of  the  Spanish  colonial  possessions  is  the  island  of  Cuba. 


15.    SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 

Norway  was  ceded  by  Denmark  to  Sweden  by  the  peace  of  Kiel,  in  1814.  The  union  of  the 
two  kingdoms  was  concurred  in  by  the  Norwegian  Parliament  and  legally  confirmed  in  1815. 
The  government  of  the  two  countries  is  kept  separate  ;  the  action  of  the  monarch  over  both  is 
exercised  through  a  Council  of  State,  composed  in  equal  numbers,  of  Swedes  and  Norwegians. 

SWEDEN. 

Capital,  Stockholm.    Area,  170,634  square  miles.    Population,  4,160,677. 

History.  Eric  Edmundson,  in  the  9th  century,  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  King  of 
all  Sweden.  The  independence  of  Sweden  was  only  lost  for  the  short  period  from  1397  until 
1434,  when  by  virtue  of  the  Kalmar  Union  it  was  united  with  Denmark.  In  1523,  the  House  of 
Wasa  ascended  the  throne  and  reigned  until  1818,  when  it  was  succeeded  by  the  House  of 
Bernadotte. 

The  political  unity  of  Norway  was  completed  by  King  Olav  II.,  who  subjected  the  chiefs  of  all 
the  independent  tribes.  In  1380.  the  country  was  united  with  Denmark,  and  this  union  lasted 
until  1814.  when  it  was  united  with  Sweden. 

Population.  Sweden  was  one  of  the  first  countries  in  Europe  in  which  a  regular  census 
was  taken,  the  first  enumeration  having  been  made  in  1748.  The  population  of  Sweden  amount 
ed  in  1866,  according  to  the  account  published  by  the  Statistical  Department,  to  4,160,677  inhab 
itants,  distributed  among  the  provinces  as  follows :  Gothland,  2,426,093 ;  Sweden  proper,  1,225.- 
091;  Norland  and  Lapland,  509,493.  In  1867,  the  population  was  estimated  at  4,195,681.  The 
chief  city,  Stockholm,  had,  in  1866,  a  population  of  138,189.  The  Swedish  colony,  the  Island  of 
St.  Bartholomew  (West  India),  had  in  July.  1866,  2,898  inhabitants  on  an  area  of  16  square  miles. 
Four-fifths  of  the  inhabitants  are  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits,  but  only  a  very  small  frac 
tion  of  the  rural  population  are  owners  of  the  land  which  they  cultivate.  One-eighth  of  the 
area  of  the  kingdom  belongs  to  the  nobility. 

Reigning1  Sovereign  and  Family.  CHARLES  XV.  King  of  Sweden  and  Norway,  born 
May  3, 1826,  son  of  King  Oscar  I. ;  in  consequence  of  the  prolonged  illness  of  his  father,  ap 
pointed  Prince  Regent  of  Sweden  and  Norway,  1857 ;  succeeded,  July  8,  1859 ;  married,  June 
19,  1850.  to  Louise,  born  Aug.  5,  1828.  daughter  of  Prince  Frederick  of  the  Netherlands,  uncle 
of  the  reigning  King  of  the  Netherlands.  Daughter:  Louise,  born  Oct.  31, 1851.  The  present 
king  is  the  third  sovereign  of  the  House  of  Bernadotte,  and  grandson  of  General  Bernadotte, 
Prince  de  Porte  Corvo,  who  was  elected  heir-apparent  of  the  crown  of  Sweden,  by  the  Parlia 
ment  in  1810,  and  ascended  the  throne  as  Charles  XIV.  in  1818.  The  Congress  of  Vienna  united 
Norway  to  the  Swedish  Crown.  Oscar  I.  succeeded  in  1844. 

Constitution  and  Government.  The  King  has  the  right  to  declare  war  and  make 
peace ;  he  nominates  to  all  appointments,  concludes  foreign  treaties,  and  has  a  right  to  preside 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Justice :  he  has  an  absolute  veto  against  any  decrees  of  the  Diet,  and 
possesses  legislative  power  in  matters  of  provincial  administration.  In  all  other  respects  the 
fountain  of  law  is  in  the  Diet.  It  consists  of  two  Chambers  elected  by  the  people.  The  First 
Chamber  consists  of  119  members,  who  must  possess  an  income  of  at  least  4,000  rix  dollars  ; 
they  are  elected  for  a  term  of  9  years,  and  receive  no  pay  for  their  services.  The  Second  Chamber 
consists  of  185  members,  of  whom  52  are  elected  by  the  towns  and  133  by  the  rural  districts.  All 


1809.]  FOREIGN  STATES-EUROPE.  537 

natives  of  Sweden,  possessing  an  annual  income  of  800  rix  dollars,  are  electors.  The  election 
is  for  the  term  of  3  years.  The  executive  is  in  the  hands  of  the  King,  who  acts  under  the  ad 
vice  of  a  Council  of  State,  composed  of  2  responsible  ministers  and  8  privy  councillors. 

The  Ministry.  Minister  of  State  and  Justice.  Baron  L.  G.  DE  GEER,  (1858);  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs,  Count  WACHTMEISTER,  (1868.) 

Education.  Notwithstanding  the  poverty  and  dependent  state  of  the  bulk  of  the  popula 
tion,  education  is  well  advanced  in  Sweden. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  18G8  is  estimated  as  follows :  Revenue,  87,461,270  rix  dollars ; 
ordinary  expenditure,  34,054,300  rix  dollars ;  extraordinary  expenditure,  7,438,621  rix  dollars  ; 
estimated  deficit,  4,031,651  rix  dollars.  The  public  debt  Dec.  31,  1865,  was :  Home  debt,  8,832,- 
800  rix  dollars;  Foreign  debt  (railway  loans),  65,235,220  rix  dollars:  total,  74,068,020  rix  dollars. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  Swedish  army  is  composed  of  4  distinct  classes  of  troops.  They 
are:  1.  The  enlisted  troops,  to  which  belong  the  royal  life  guards:;  the  hussars,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  artillery :  term  of  service,  usually  6  years.  2.  The  national  militia,  paid  and  kept  by 
the  landowners,  and  to  some  extent,  from  the  income  of  State  domains.  In  time  of  peace,  these 
troops  are  not  called  up  for  more  than  a  month's  annual  practice.  3.  The  militia  of  Gothland, 
which  is  not  compelled  to  serve  beyond  the  limits  of  the  island.  4.  The  conscription  troops,  to 
which  every  Swede  of  20  to  25  years  is  liable.  The  army  of  Sweden  numbers  altogether,  124,807 
men.  The  coast  of  Sweden  is  protected  by  the  fortresses  at  Marstrand,  GOteborg,  Carlscrona  and 
Stockholm.  The  Corps  of  "  Volunteer  Riflemen,"  organized  in  1861.  for  the  defense  of  the 
country,  numbers  42,000  men. 

The  navy  consisted,  Aug.  1, 1867,  of  17  steamers  and  5  ships-of-the-line,  with  an  armament  of 
462  guns,  besides  2  frigates,  5  corvettes,  5  brigs  and  14  transports,  48  gun-sloops,  6  mortar-boats, 
each  2  guns,  and  90  gun-boats  of  1  gun  each.  There  were  in  course  of  construction,  1  screw  corvette, 
1  monitor,  1  iron-clad  gun-sloop.  The  navy  was  manned  by  34,578  men,  of  whom,  however,  more 
than  one-half  were  on  furlough,  or  attached  to  the  fleet  of  reserve. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  imports  and  exports  was  in  1865 :  Imports,  106,000,000  rix 
dollars :  exports,  103,000,000  rix  dollars.  The  most  important  countries  in  commercial  inter 
course  with  Sweden,  are  Great  Britain,  France,  Netherlands,  Lubeck,  Denmark  and  Norway. 

Industry.  Mining  is  the  most  important  department  of  Swedish  industry,  and  the  working 
Of  iron  mines  in  particular  is  making  constant  progress  by  the  introduction  of  new  machinery. 
It  is  only  within  recent  years  that  Sweden  has  become  a  manufacturing  country,  but  already  the 
home  production  has  become  of  such  importance  as  considerably  to  affect  the  supplies  of  the 
eame  articles  received  from  other  states,  particularly  from  Germany.  The  value  of  the  produc 
tion  of  2,600  forges  and  manufactories  in  1865,  was  76,000,000  rix  dollars,  the  number  of  work- 
ingmen,  32,000.  There  were,  Dec.  1, 1866,  5  State  railways,  of  100  Swedish  miles.  The  length 
of  telegraph  lines  was  about  2,600  English  miles. 

NORWAY. 

Capital,  Christiania.    Area,  120,295  square  miles.    Population,  1,701,478. 

Norway  is  essentially  an  agricultural  and  pastoral  country.  The  chief  city,  Christiania  had,  in 
1865.  65,513  inhabitants.  The  inhabitants  of  towns  numbered,  at  the  census  of  1S65,  272,531. 

Government.  The  constitution  of  Norway,  proclaimed  in  1814,  is  one  of  the  most  demo 
cratic  in  Europe.  The  whole  legislative  and  part  of  the  executive  power  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
sovereign  people.  The  King  has  the  nominal  command  of  the  land  and  sea  forces,  but  cjfh  make 
few  appointments.  He  possesses  the  right  of  veto  over  laws  passed  by  the  u  Storthing,11  yet 
only  for  a  limited  period.  The  Storthing  holds  annual  sittings  mo  jure.  Every  Norwegian  25 
years  of  age,  who  is  a  burgess  of  any  town,  or  possesses  property  or  the  life-rent  of  land  to  the 
value  of  150  dollars  is  entitled  to  vote  and,  under  the  same  conditions,  if  30  years  of  age,  to  be 
elected.  The  mode  of  election  is  indirect.  The  Storthing  consists  of  two  Houses.  All  new 
bills  and  propositions  must  originate  in  the  Lower  House,  from  which  they  pass  into  the  Upper, 
to  be  either  accepted,  in  which  case  they  become  law,  or  rejected.  In  the  latter  case,  should 
the  Lower  House  demand  it,  the  two  Houses  assemble  in  common  sitting,  and  the  final  decision 
is  given  by  a  majority  of  two-thirds  of  the  voters.  The  Executive  is  formed  by  a  Council  of 
State,  composed  of  the  Governor-general  of  Norway  nominated  by  the  King,  and  7  Councillors 
of  State,  the  heads  of  as  many  departments. 

Education.  Instruction  in  the  primary  schools  is  very  limited.  There  is  one  university  at 
Christiania. 

Finances.  The  budget  for  the  financial  period  1866—1869  is  estimated  to  be  5,023,000  specie 
thalers  (specie  thaler  =  4$  English  shillings).  Customs  and  excise  produce  nearly  the  whole  in 
come.  The  Norwegian  public  debt,  in  1867,  amounted  to  5,000,000  sp.  th. 


588  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [I860. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  troops  are  raised  partly  by  conscription  and  partly  by  enlistment. 
Every  Norwegian  is  obliged  to  go  through  a  military  training.  Most  soldiers  are  sent  home  on 
furlough  at  the  expiration  of  one  or  two  years.  The  strength  of  the  army  is  12,000  men  in  peace 
and  18,000  in  war. 

The  navy  is  manned  by  conscription.  The  number  consists  in  peace  of  2,000  men,  in  war 
3,500.  The  naval  force  consists  of  2  screw  frigates,  of  56  and  82  guns,  1  sailing  frigate,  4  steam 
corvettes,  1  sailing  corvette,  1  brig,  5  towing  steamers,  1  monitor,  4 'steam  gunboats;  altogether 
of  1,880  horse-power,  and  223  heavy  and  16  light  guns.  In  the  session  of  1866,  the  Storthing 
resolved  to  raise  the  navy  to  156  vessels  of  war,  with  500  guns  and  4,000  men. 

Commerce.  The  value  of  imports  was,  in  1866,  26.000,000  specie  thalers,  that  of  exports, 
17,000,000.  The  principal  countries  in  commercial  intercourse  with  Norway,  are  Great  Britain, 
Denmark,  Sweden,  Holland,  France  and  Prussia.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  wood  and 
timber ;  next  in  importance  are  the  fisheries,  which  give  employment  and  support  to  the  bulk 
of  the  population  from  the  Naze  to  the  Warangerfiord,  at  the  entrance  of  the  White  Sea.  The 
commercial  marine  of  Norway  at  the  end  of  1866,  consisted  of  5,750  vessels,  of  a  collective  ton 
nage  of  about  400,000  corn,  lasts  (last  =  2  tons),  manned  by  38,066  sailors.  Considering  its  popu 
lation,  Norway  has  the  largest  commercial  navy  in  the  world. 


16.    SWITZERLAND. 

Capital,  Berne.    Area,  15,722  square  miles.    Population,  2,510,494. 

History.  The  Swiss  Confederation  was  founded  in  1308  by  the  three  cantons  Uri,  Schwyz, 
and  Unterwalden.  In  1353  it  numbered  eight  cantons,  and  in  1513  it  was  composed  of  thirteen 
cantons.  This  number  increased  till  1803,  when  the  new  confederation  embraced  19  cantons  ; 
in  1815  it  was  increased  to  22  cantons. 

There  are  485,000  heads  of  families  in  the  country,  of  which  number  465,000  possess  landed 
property.  Of  every  100  square  miles,  20  are  pasture,  17  forest,  11  arable,  20  meadow,  1  vineyard, 
and  30  uncultivated  or  covered  with  water,  rocks,  and  glaciers.  The  German  element  is  ruling 
in  16  out  of  twenty-two  cantons ;  among  them,  are  the  two  leading  cantons  of  the  republic, 
Zurich  and  Berne.  The  largest  city,  Geneva,  had  41,415  inhabitants  in  1860. 

Government.  The  republic  of  Switzerland,  formerly  a  league  of  semi-independent  states, 
became  a  united  confederacy  in  1848.  The  supreme  legislative  and  executive  authority  is 
vested  in  a  Parliament  of  two  chambers.  The  State  Council  is  composed  of  44  members— two 
for  each  canton ;  the  Federal  Council  consists  of  128  representatives,  chosen  in  direct  election, 
at  the  rate  of  one  deputy  for  every  20,000  inhabitants,  the  election  taking  place  every  three  years. 
Every  citizen  who  has  attained  the  age  of  20  years  is  entitled  to  a  vote;  and  any  voter  not.  a 
clergyman  may  be  elected  a  deputy.  Both  Chambers  united  constitute  the  Federal  Assembly, 
and  as  such  represent  the  supreme  government  of  the  republic.  The  chief  executive  authority 
is  deputed  to  a  Federal  Council  of  seven  members,  elected  by  the  Federal  Assembly  for  three 
years.  The  president  and  vice-president  of  the  Federal  Council  are  the  first  magistrates  of  the 
republic.  The  Federal  tribunal,  consisting  of  eleven  members,  elected  for  three  years  by  the 
Federal  Assembly,  renders  the  final  decision  in  all  matters  of  dispute  between  the  various  can 
tons  of  the  republic,  as  well  as  between  the  cantons  and  the  federal  government.  The  city  of 
Berne  was  in  1848,  chosen  as  the  seat  of  the  Federal  Council  and  the  central  administrative  au 
thorities  of  the  republic. 

Education.  Education  is  very  widely  diffused  in  Switzerland,  particularly  in  the  cantons 
of  Argovia,  Zurich,  Berne,  and  Vaud.  Parents  are  compelled  to  send  their  children  to  school. 
There  are  normal  schools  in  several  of  the  cantons,  and  superior  gymnasia  in  all  the  chief 
towns.  There  are  three  universities  (Basle,  Berne,  and  Zurich),  and  a  Federal  Polytechnic 
School  at  Zurich. 

Finances.  The  public  revenue  is  derived  chiefly  from  customs.  The  budget  estimates  for 
1868  are :  Revenue,  20.173,000  francs  ;  expenditure,  19,809,000  francs  ;  surplus,  364,000  francs. 

Army.  The  Constitution  of  1848  forbids  the  maintenance  of  a  standing  army.  To  pro 
vide  for  the  defence  of  the  country,  every  citizen  has  to  bear  arms,  in  the  management  of  which 
the  children  are  instructed  at  school  and  pass  through  regular  exercises  and  public  reviews. 
The  troops  are  divided  into  three  classes,  namely:  1.  The  federal  army,  consisting  of  all  men 
from  20  to  34,  or  3  per  cent,  of  the  population  ;  2.  The  army  of  reserve  for  all  men  from  35  to  40, 
or  H  per  cent,  of  the  population  ;  3.  The  Landwehr  (militia),  from  41  to  44  years.  The  total 
number  of  the  various  classes,  in  actual  readiness  to  take  the  field,  is  given  in  the  official  re- 


FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE. 


589 


turn  at  204,005  men.  The  enlistment  of  citizens  of  the  republic  into  foreign  military  service  is 
forbidden  by  the  constitution  of  1848,  under  the  penalty  of  the  loss  of  all  civil  rights. 

Commerce.  The  chief  exports  consist  of  manufactured  goods  of  various  kinds  and  a  small 
quantity  of  agricultural  produce.  The  value  of  imported  merchandise,  in  1866,  amounted  to 
8,769,580  francs,  that  of  exported  merchandise  to  1,192,097.  The  value  of  exported  cattle  was,  in 
the  same  year,  6,428,475  francs.  The  value  of  exports  to  the  United  States  amounted,  in  1865, 
to  49,000,000  francs,  and  in  1866  to  59,000,000  francs. 

Notwithstanding  the  difficulties  of  the  surface,  there  were,  at  the  end  of  1866,  about  SOO  miles 
of  railways  in  operation.  The  telegraph  had,  at  the  same  time,  a  length  of  3,559  kilometres. 

There  were  despatched  and  received  by  the  Post-office,  in  1866, 39,000,000  letters  and  28,000,000 
newspapers.  There  were,  in  1865,  446  mutual  aid  societies  with  78,000  members.  In  April,  1866, 
there  were,  105,799  horses,  993,191  head  of  cattle,  304,428  swine,  447,001  sheep,  and  375,482  goats. 


17.   TURKEY. 

Capital,  Constantinople.    Area,  1,917,472  square  miles.    Population,  40,000,000. 

History.  The  Turks  began  to  establish  an  empire  in  Asia  Minor  at  the  beginning  of  the 
14th  century,  which  steadily  grew  at  the  expense  of  the  Byzantine  Empire.  The  fall  of  Con- 
etantinople,  1453,  made  the  Turkish  Sultan  ruler  of  the  entire  possessions  of  the  Byzantian  em 
peror.  In  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  Greece  was  lost,  (see  Greece),  and  the  princi 
palities  of  Rumania,  Servia,  and  Montenegro  in  Europe,  and  Egypt,  in  Africa,  have  since  become 
semi-independent.  The  island  of  Candia,  in  1866,  was  against  the  Turks;  but  has  thus  far 
failed  to  establish  its  independence. 

Area  and  Population.  The  area  and  population  of  Turkey  are  known  only  by  estimates, 
since  the  enumerations  of  the  people  cannot  lay  claim  to  any  amount  of  exactness.  The  total 
area  of  the  empire,  including  the  tributary  states,  is  as  follows : 


Divisions.  Square  Miles. 

Turkey  in  Europe 200,932. . 

Turkey  in  Asia 667,326. . 

Turkey  in  Africa 1,049,214. . 


Population. 

..18,487,000 
.  .16,463,000 
...5,050,000 


Total...  ...1,917,472. 


.40,000,000 


5,950,000.. 

75,000. . 

30000 
1,000,000.. 

36,000.. 

85.000.. 
1,000.000. . 
1,008,000.. 


The  various  races  of  which  the  population  of  the  Turkish  empire  is  composed,  are  thus  classi 
fied  by  the  latest  authorities : 

Races.  In  Europe.  In  Asia.  In  Africa.  Total. 

Mohammedans— Ottomans 4,492,000. . .  .10,700.000 

Arabs,  &c ....      900,000 ... 5,050,000 . 

Syrians,  Chaldeans,  &c  75,000. 

Druses 30.000 

Kurds ..  1,000,000. 

Tartars 16,000....        20,000. 

Turkomans 85,000. 

Albanians 1.000.000 

Circassians 595,000...       413.000... 


14.88 

.18 

.07 

2.50 

.09 

.21 

2.50 

2.52 


6,103,000       13,223,000 

Christians— Syrian  Chaldeans,  &c . .  160,000 . , 

Albanians 500,000.... 

Slavi 6,200,000. ... 

Rumanians 4,000.000 

Armenians 400,000 2,000,000. 

Greeks...  ...1,000,000....  1,000,000. 


Jews  .......... 

Gipsies 


12,100,000         3,160,000 

.      70.000....        80,000. 
.     214,000.... 


5,050,000       24,376,000       60.95 

....      160,000 40 

....  500,000....  1.25 

....  6,200,000....  15.50 

....  4,000,000....  10.00 

....  2,400.000....  6.00 

•  ....  2,000,000....  5.00 


15,260,000       38.15 

150,000 37 

.      214,000 53 


Total 18,487,000        16,463,000       5,050,000       40,000,000      100.00 

Chief  Cities.  The  chief  cities  of  Turkey  in  Europe  are :  Constantinople,  1,075,000  inhabi 
tants  (in  1864) ;  Adrianople,  about  150,000 ;  Saloniki,  about  70,000 ;  Serajevo  and  Gallipoli,  about 
50,000  each  ;  In  Asia :  Smyrna,  150,000  ;  Damascus,  120,000 ;  Bagdad  105,000  ;  Aleppo,  100,000  ; 
Broussa,  80,000 ;  Erzerum,  70,000. 


SCO 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1S69. 


Reigning  Sovereign  and  Family.  ABDTTL-AZIZ,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  born  February  9, 1830, 
son  of  Sultan  Mahmud  II.,  succeeded  his  brother  Abdul-Medjid,  June  25, 1861.  Children — 1.  Yus- 
suflzzeddin,  born  October  9,  1857;  2.  Salihe,  born  August  10, 1862 ;  3.  Mahmud  Djcmil  Eddin, 
born  November  20, 1862 ;  4.  Mechmed  Selim,  born  October  8, 1866.  Nephew— Murad,  heir  pre 
sumptive,  born  September  21, 1840.  The  present  sovereign  of  Turkey  is  the  thirty-second,  in 
male  descent,  of  the  house  of  Othman,  the  founder  of  the  empire. 

House  of  Othman— Othman  I.,  1299  ;  Orchan,  1326  ;  Amurath  I.,  1360  ;  Bajazet  I.,  (the  "Thun 
derbolt"'),  1389  ;  Solyman  I.,  1402 ;  Mohammed  I.,  1413  ;  Amurath  II.,  1421  ;  Mohammed  II.,  (con 
queror  of  Constantinople),  1451 ;  Bajazet  II.,  1481 ;  Selim  I.,  1512;  Solyman  II.,  (the  "Magnifi 
cent"),  1520;  Selim  II.,  1566;  Amurath  III.,  1574;  Mohammed  III.,  1595;  Ahmet  I.,  1603; 
Mustapha  I.,  1617 ;  Osman  I.,  1618  ;  Amurath  IV.,  (the  "Intrepid"),  1623  ;  Ibrahim,  1640  ;  Moham 
med  IV.,  1649;  Solyman  III.,  1687;  Ahmet  II.,  1691;  Mustapha  II.,  1695  ;  Ahmet  III.,  1703; 
Mahmud  I.,  1730  :  Osman  II.,  1754 ;  Mustapha  III.,  1757 ;  Abdul-Hamid,  1774 ;  Selim  III.,  1788  ; 
Mustapha  IV.,  1807  ;  Mahmud,  II.,  1808 ;  Abdul-Medjid,  1839  ;  Abdul  Aziz,  1861. 

Government.  The  fundamental  laws  are  based  on  the  precepts  of  the  Koran.  The  will  of 
the  Sultan  is  absolute.  According  to  a  charter  of  liberties,  granted  by  Abdul-Medjid,  in  1856,  full 
liberty  of  worship  is  guaranteed  to  every  religious  profession. 

The  legislative  and  executive  authority  is  exercised,  under  the  supreme  direction  of  the 
Sultan,  by  two  high  dignitaries,  the  Grand  Vizier,  the  head  of  the  temporal  government,  and 
the  Sheik-ul-Islam,  the  head  of  the  church. 

The  Dignitaries.  The  Grand  Vizier,  MEHMED  EMIN  ALI,  appointed  1867;  the  Sheik-nl- 
Islam,  HASSAN,  appointed  1868. 

The  Ministerial  Council.  Foreign  Affairs,  FUAD  ;  War,  NAMIK  ;  Finance,  SCHIRVANZADE 
RUCHDI  ;  Marine,  MAHMOUD  ;  Commerce,  Agriculture  and  Public  Works,  DAUD  (a  Christian) ; 
Public  Instruction,  SAFVET  ;  Justice,  MUMTAZ  ;  Police,  HUSSCIN  ;  Domains  of  the  Church  and  of 
Charitable  Institutions,  TEFVID. 

The  whole  of  the  empire,  except  the  dependencies  in  Africa,  is  divided  into  governments  and 
subdivided  into  provinces  and  districts.  A  general  governor  (Pasha),  assisted  by  a  council,  is 
placed  at  the  head  of  each  government.  All  subjects,  however  humble  their  origin,  are  eligible 
to  the  highest  offices  in  the  state. 

Education.  Public  schools  have  been  long  established  in  most  of  the  large  Turkish  towns, 
and  colleges,  with  public  libraries,  are  attached  to  the  greater  number  of  the  principal  mosques. 
But  the  instruction  is  rather  limited. 

Finances.  The  revenue  is  chiefly  derived  from  taxes  of  three  denominations.  1.  The  poll 
tax,  a  tax  on  the  whole  population,  paid  at  a  fixed  rate  for  each  house  or  family  ;  2.  the  tithe, 
a  tax  of  10  per  cent,  upon  agricultural  productions  ;  3.  the  tax  derived  from  the  sale  of  customs, 
stamps,  the  sale  of  animals,  taxes  on  shops,  bakeries,  butcheries,  mills,  and  from  the  rent  of 
crown-lands.  The  Turkish  budgets  show  generally  an  annual  deficit  of  five  to  fifteen  million 
dollars.  The  budget  for  the  year  1865  and  1866  estimates  the  revenue  at  3,177,880  purses  (a  purse 
=  500  piasters  or  £4^-),  and  the  expenditure  at  3,236,931  purses.  According  to  a  report  to  Lord 
Stanley,  the  public  debt  stood,  at  the  commencement  of  1867,  as  follows  :  Foreign  debt,  £34,- 
596,820  ;  home  debt,  £34,545,450  ;  total,  £69,142,270.  The  annual  interest  amounted  to  £3,670,- 
238  ;  sinking  fund,  £1,137,104  ;  total,  £4,807,342. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  military  force  is  raised  by  enlistment  and  conscription.  Term  of 
service,  five  years  in  the  active  army,  and  seven  years  in  the  reserve. 

The  army  consists  of,  1.  the  active  forces  composed  of  six  army  corps,  each  numbering  16,416 
men ;  the  imperial  guard,  2.000  men  ;  the  detached  divisions  of  Greta,  Tripoli  and  Tunis,  about 
21,200  men ;  2.  the  reserve,  100,496  men  ;  3.  the  auxiliary  of  the  tributary  states,  about  100,000 
men  ;  4.  the  irregular  troops,  90,000  men,  making  a  grand  total  of  about  410,000  men. 

The  Turkish  navy  has  been  entirely  reconstructed  since  1858.  The  navy  is  manned  by  about 
40,000  men.  It  consisted  in  1866  and  1867  of  the  following  vessels  : 

Ships.          Guns.  Ships.          Guns. 

Screw  steamers 26  940       Transport  arsenal  service 15 

Paddle  steamers 21  202  "          in  construction 9  315 

Iron  clads 5  200       Expected   from  England,  seven  ] 

Yachts 7  iron  clad  frigates LO  900 

Sailing  vessels 19  415       Expected  from  France,  six  iron  [  I0 

Transport  sailing  vessels 34  clad  gun-boats J 

"          steamers 31 

"          provision 5  Total  of  vessels 185        2,370 

Commerce.  The  increase  in  the  trade  and  commerce  within  the  last  thirty  years  has  been 
very  great.  The  imports,  in  1864  and  1865,  amounted  to  316,000,000  francs ;  the  exports  to 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— EUROPE.  59^ 

138,000,000  francs.  There  are  two  short  railways,  one  from  Kustendje  to  Tschernavoda ;  the 
other  from  Varna  to  Rustschuk— together  170  miles  long.  There  were,  at  the  end  of  1865, 136 
telegraph  stations— length  of  wire  about  8,500  miles. 

TRIBUTARY  STATES  OP  TURKEY. 

EGYPT. 

[For  the  description  of  Egypt,  see  Africa.] 

RUMANIA. 

Area  and  Population.  The  area  of  Rumania  is  40,710  square  miles ;  the  population 
3,864,848,  (*.  e.  Wallachia,  2,400,921,  Moldavia,  1,463,927  inhabitants).  The  united  principalities 
are  divided  into  thirty-three  districts.  The  chief  cities  are  Bucharest  with  121,734  inhabitants, 
and  Tassy  with  65,745  inhabitants. 

Sovereign.  Charles,  born  April,  1839,  son  of  Prince  Charles  of  Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen  ; 
accepted  his  election  as  Prince  of  Rumania,  May  10, 1866 ;  recognized  by  the  Turkish  Govern 
ment,  Oct.  24, 1866. 

Government.  The  union  of  the  two  principalities  of  Wallachia  and  Moldavia  was  granted 
by  the  Sultan  in  1861,  and  the  name  "Rumania"  given  to  the  United  provinces.  The  legislative 
power  is  vested  collectively  in  the  Prince,  a  senate,  and  a  chamber  of  deputies.  The  Senate 
consists  of  64  members  for  three  years,  the  chamber  of  160  members  (85  for  Wallachia  and  75  for 
Moldavia).  The  members  are  chosen  by  indirect  election.  The  executive  is  in  the  hands 
of  the  reigning  Prince,  assisted  by  a  council  of  ministers. 

Cabinet.  A  new  Cabinet  was  formed  in  December  1868,  composed  of  the  following  mem 
bers:  Presidency  and  Foreign  Affairs,  DEMETRIUS  GHIKA;  Interior,  COGALINTSCHEANO;  Jus 
tice^  BROCRESCO  ;  Finance,  ALEXANDER  GOLESCO  ;  Public  Worship,  PAPADOPULO  CALIMACH  ; 
War,  DCKA  NEMERI. 

Finance.  The  chief  source  of  revenue  is  a  capitation  tax.  The  budget  for  1868,  fixes  the 
receipts  and  expenditures  each  at  78,291,233  lei,  (1=  1  franc).  The  yearly  tribute  payable  to  Tur 
key  amounts  for  Wallachia  to  5,000  purees,  for  Moldavia  to  3,000  purses.  The  public  debt,  at 
the  end  of  1868,  was  70,624,691  lei. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  military  force  is  organized  on  the  plan  of  the  Russian  army.  It 
numbers  23,770  men.  The  national  guard  consists  of  about  33  battalions,  or  30,000  men.  The 
navy  consists  of  1  steamer,  and  5  gun  sloops,  manned  by  6  officers  and  70  men. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  the  exports  in  1864  amounted  to  366,000,000  piastres  (36,600,- 
000  Russian  thalers) ;  the  imports  in  the  two  ports  of  Galacz  and  Ibraila  about  143,000,000  piastres 
(14,300,000  Russian  thalers). 

SERVIA. 

Area  and  Population.  21,210  square  miles  with  1,078,281  inhabitants.  Belgrade,  the 
capital,  has  14,600  inhabitants. 

Sovereign.    Prince  MILAN  OBRENOVITCH  IV.,  born  1856;  proclaimed  Prince,  1868. 

Government.  The  principality  of  Servia  has  been  under  the  rule  of  native  princes  since 
1815,  and  under  the  protection  of  the  great  European  powers,  as  a  semi-independent  state  since 
1850.  The  executive  power  is  carried  on  by  the  Prince,  assisted  by  a  Council  of  five  ministers 
responsible  to  the  people.  The  legislative  authority  is  exercised  by  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Repre  sentatives . 

Finance.  The  revenue  and  expenditure  were,  in  the  budget  for  1868,  fixed  at  about  29,000,- 
000  piastres  each. 

Army.    Servia  possessed,  in  1867,  seventy  battalions  of  well  drilled  soldiers. 

Commerce.  The  value  of  the  imports,  in  1664,  was  86,000,000  p.,  and  of  the  exports  73,000,- 
000  piastres. 

MONTENEGRO. 

The  reigning  Prince  is  NICHOLAS  I.,  born  1840.  The  population  of  this  principality  is  estimated 
at  196,238  inhabitants.  There  are  about  25,000  men  able  to  bear  arms. 


592  TH-bJ  ASLKKIC'AN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

III.    ASIA. 

1.  AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  ASIA— INDEPENDENT  STATES  AND  EUROPEAN  DEPENDENCIES. 

Asia  is  both  in  point  of  area  and  population  the  first  among  the  large  divisions  of  the  world. 
It  somewhat  exceeds  America  in  area,  while  it  has  more  than  twice  as  many  inhabitants  as 
Europe,  the  second  division  of  the  world  in  point  of  population.  As  regards  civilization,  pros 
perity  and  power,  Asia  is  far  inferior  to  Europe,  America  and  Australia.  Fully  one-half  of  Asia 
is  governed  by  the  European  powers  of  Russia,  Great  Britain,  Turkey,  France,  Spain,  the  Neth 
erlands  and  Portugal,  and  the  aggregate  territory  of  these  European  possessions  is  steadily  en 
larging.  Russia  and  Great  Britain  are  from  different  directions  advancing  into  Central  Asia, 
and  but  for  their  mutual  jealousy,  the  whole  of  Independent  Tartary,  Afghanistan  and  Bcloo- 
chistan  would  have  been  subject  to  European  control  ere  this.  In  Farther  India,  Great  Britain 
and  France  have,  of  late,  made  great  progress,  and  the  three  states  of  this  country,  Anam,  Bur- 
mah  and  Siam  are  entirely  at  their  mercy. 

The  Governments  purely  Asiatic  which  still  are  fully  independent,  are  China,  Japan,  Persia 
and  the  States  of  Arabia.  The  latter  have  little  intercourse  with  civilized  nations,  and  most  of 
them  are  but  little  known  to  us.  According  to  the  latest  reports,  a  large  number  of  the  smaller 
Arabian  states  are  becoming  absorbed  by  the  empire  of  the  Wahabces,  which  is  rapidly  growing 
and  may,  ere  long,  embrace  the  whole  of  Arabia  (see  Arabia).  Since  the  beginning  of  the  pres 
ent  century,  Persia  has  lost  a  considerable  portion  of  its  territory,  which  has  been  conquered  by 
Russia.  China  and  Japan  are  the  only  Asiatic  countries  in  which  there  are  signs  of  progress. 
In  these  countries,  commercial  and  diplomatic  intercourse  with  European  and  American  nations 
has  begun  an  era  of  reconstruction  which  bids  fair  to  bring  them  fully  within  the  circle  of  civ 
ilized  nations. 

In  no  country  of  Asia  is  Christianity  the  prevailing  religion.  There  are  about  8,486,000  people 
connected  with  the  Eastern  Churches,  4,605,000  connected  with  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and 
713,000  connected  with  Protestant  Churches.  But  about  one-half  of  the  whole  of  Asia  is  under 
Christian  rulers,  and  Christianity  is  everywhere  making  progress.  The  prevailing  religions  of 
Asia  are  Buddhism,  with  a  population  of  about  360,000,000,  Brahmaism,  with  a  population  of 
from  124,000,000  to  140,000,000,  and  Mohammedanism,  with  a  population  of  about  79,000,000. 

2.    THE  STATES  AND  SMALLER  DIVISIONS  or  ASIA. 

STATES.  Square  miles.  Inhabitants. 

Russian  Territory 5,812,255 9,748,017 

Caspian  Sea 178,870 

Aral  Sea „ 26,945 

Turkey  in  Asia 672,007 16,463,000 

Arabia 1,026,040 4.000,000 

Persia 562,344 5,000,000 


Afghanistan  (and  Herat) 258,530. . 

Beloochistan  . . ,  165,830 

Khiva* 


Bokhara* , 
Khokan*.. 


640,516- 


.4.000,000 
2,000,000 
1.500,000 
2,500,000 


3,000,000 
100.000 
770,000 
.477,500,000 


Maymene* 

Turcomannia* 

China 4,695,334 

Japan 149,399 35,000,000 

East  India  (with  British  Burmah) 1,553,772 193,340,414 

Ceylon 24,705 2,049,728 

Burmah  (Independent) 190,517 4,000,000 

Siam 309,024 6,298,998 

Anam 11)8,043 9,000,000 

Cochinchina  (French) 21,728..   .                          979116 

Straits'  Settlements 1,084 282,831 

Peninsula  of  Malacca 31,700 209,000 

East  India  Islands 799,359 27,678,804 

Total 17,318,002 805,419,908 


1.    ANAM.    , 

Area,  198,043  square  miles.    Population,  9,000,000. 

Anam  is  one  of  the  political  divisions  of  Farther  India,  the  others  being  Burmah  and  Siam. 
There  are  no  official  statements  of  area  and  population.     By  some  writers,  the  population  is 

*  These  five  States  are  comprised  in  Independent  Tartary.    A  considerable  portion  of  it  has  of 
late  been  annexed  to  Russia. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— ASIA.  593 

estimated  as  high  as  27,000,000;  according  to  Behm,  (Geograph.  Jahrbuch)  it  is  about  9,000,000, 
exclusive  of  rhe  French  possessions  in  Cochin  China.  The  latter  now  consist  of  6  provinces, 
three  of  which  were  ceded  to  France  in  1862,  and  three  in  1867.  France  has  also  established  a 
protectorate  over  Cambodja,  another  part  of  this  country.  The  present  Emperor  of  Anam  is 
Tu-Duc  (since  1847).  The  divisions  of  Anam  are  Tonquin,  Cochin  China,  and  Cambodja.  The 
Emperor  has  about  800  war-craft,  and  monopolizes  by  means  of  larger  vessels,  the  foreign 
trade  of  his  dominions.  The  inhabitants  are  Buddhists,  excepting  about  400,000  who  are  Roman 
Catholic  Christians. 


2.    ARABIA. 

Area,  1,026,040  square  miles.    Population,  4,000,000, 

Arabia  comprises  a  number  of  independent  states,  many  of  which  are  not  even  known  to  us 
byname.  Arab  geographers  make  the  following  seven  divisions :  1.  Bahr-el- Tour-Sinai  (Des 
ert  of  Mount  Sinai).  2.  The  Hedjaz  (Land  of  Pilgrimage).  3.  Teharna  and  Yemen,  along  the 
Red  Sea.  4.  Hadramant,  the  region  along  the  southern  coast.  5.  Oman,  the  kingdom  of  Mus 
cat.  6.  Bahrein,  on  the  Persian  Gulf.  7.  Nedjed,  the  central  desert  region.  The  most  impor 
tant  of  these  divisions  are  Yemen  and  Oman. 

Yemen  has  its  seat  of  government  at  Sana,  in  the  center  of  the  country,  and  also  possesses 
two  very  important  commercial  towns.  Mocha  and  Lohcia,  situated  on  the  coast  of  the  Red  Sea. 
The  Imaum  (ruler)  of  Muscat  Is  by  far  the  most  powerful  sovereign  in  Arabia,  and  claims  au 
thority  over  the  whole  of  Oman,  the  islands  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  and  a  vast  extent  of  territory 
on  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  including  some  valuable  islands.  The  city  of  Muscat  is  the  largest 
on  the  south-east  coast.  Rostak  is  another  large  town  inland  from  Muscat.  The  Kingdom  of 
Muscat  forms  to  some  extent  an  exception  to  the  general  lack  of  manufacturing  activity  exhib 
ited  by  the  Arabians,  having  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton  turbans  and  sashes,  canvas,  arms, 
gunpowder,  etc.  In  1868,  the  Imaum  of  Muscat  was  dethroned  and  succeeded  by  the  Chief  of 
the  Wahabees.  This  is  a  sect  of  Mohammedans  which  originated  in  the  17th  century,  and  en 
deavored  to  establish  Mohammedanism  in  its  ancient  purity.  The  sect  has  of  late  obtained 
control  of  a  large  portion  of  Central  Arabia,  and  having  now  added  Muscat  to  its  dominions, 
constitutes  undoubtedly  the  most  powerful  state  in  Arabia.  The  district  of  Hedjaz  contains 
the  holy  cities  of  Mecca  and  Medina,  with  their  seaports,  Jedclah  and  Yambo. 


BRITISH  INDIA. 

Capital,  Calcutta.    Area,  1,545,336  square  miles.    Population,  192,012,137. 
The  total  area  and  population  of  India  are  as  follows,  according  to  returns  of  1867: 

British  India.  Square  Miles.  Inhabitant*. 

Under  the  Gov.  Gen.  of  India  in  Council 47,116 5,663,700 

Lieut.  Governor  of  Bengal 246,785 42,505.222 

4  "  "        "  Northwest  Provinces 84,982 28,223,889 

"  Punjaub 100,440 14,585,804 

4       Governor  of  Madras ' 141,746 24,926.509 

44   Bombay 142,042 12,889,106 

4       Chief  Commissioner  of  Onde 22,456 6.502,884 

44  "•  "  Central  Provinces...  79,600 7,181,321 

44  4t  "  "  British  Burniah 90,070 2,196,180 


Total 955,238  144,674,615 

Not  belonging  to  British  India,  but  more  or  less  under  the  control  of  the  Indian  Government: 

Native  States.  Square  Miles.          Inhabitants.  Native  States.  Square  Miles.  Inhabitant*. 

In  Bengal 117,151 4,152,923       In  Central  India 185,610 14,622,587 

14  Northwest  Provinces  8,458 2,294.400         "  Madras 116.125  ...12,880.228 

u  Punjaub  103,442  ...7,154,538        "  Bombay 66,004....  6,804,523 

Total 596,790       47,909,199 

According  to  the  official  "Statistical  Abstract,"  just  issued,  the  area  of  British  India  is  somewhat 
Ie;*s,  viz:  9 i7,292 square  miles,  and  the  population,  143,585,789:  of  native  or  Indian  States  under 
French  government,  188  square  miles,  with  a  population  of  203,887:  under  Portuguese  govern 
ment,  1,066  square  miles,  with  313,262  population  :  making  a  grand  total  of  1,545,336  square  miles, 
with  a  population  of  192,012,137.  The  largest  cities  in  India  are :  Calcutta,  having  about  1,000,000 
inhabitants,  including  both  the  English  and  Hindoo  population  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs: 
Bombay  has  816,562.  For  others,  see  "List  of  Large  Cities  of  the  World." 
38 


594  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Government.  The  present  form  of  the  government  of  the  Indian  Empire  dates  from  1858. 
•All  the  territories  previously  under  the  government  of  the  East  India  Company  are  vested  in  the 
Sovereign  of  Great  Britain,  and  all  its  powers  are  exercised  in  his  name,  through  the  Secretary 
of  State  for  India.  The  executive  authority  in  India  is  vested  in  a  Governor-General,  appointed 
by  the  Crown.  He  has  power  to  make  laws  and  regulations  for  all  persons.  The  present  Gov 
ernor-General  of  India  is  Earl  MAYO,  appointed  in  18G8. 

Education.  In  the  North-Western  Provinces  and  Madras,  the  foundation  of  a  national 
system  of  education  has  been  laid,  but  the  Government  has  as  yet  made  little  impression  upon 
the  lower  classes  of  the  people.  At  the  head  of  the  educational  institutions  is  the  University 
of  Calcutta.  The  average  attendance  of  pupils  in  the  schools  and  colleges  was,  in  18(56,  559,317. 

Finances.  The  financial  state  of  the  Indian  Empire  has  undergone  immense  changes?  in 
recent  years,  both  the  revenue  and  the  expenditure  having  nearly  doubled  since  1851.  The  rev 
enue  amounted,  in  1865— CO  to  £47,041,000,  the  expenditure,  to  £47,021,000,  the  surplus  being 
£20,000.  There  was,  however  in  reality,  a  deficit  of  £50,000,  the  receipts  amounting  only  to 
£46,750,000  and  the  expenditure  to  £46,800,000.  The  estimated  budget  for  1867—68  states  a  rev 
enue  of  £46,283,000,  an  expenditure  of  £47,340,000,  a  deficit  of  £1,057,000.  By  far  the  most  im 
portant  source  of  revenue  is  the  land.  The  gross  receipt  from  this  source,  including  tribute,  is 
stated  at  £23,4(57, 700.  Next  in  importance  is  the  income  derived  from  the  opium  monopoly, 
which  is  more  than  sufficient  to  pay  the  interest  of  the  public  debt  of  India.  The  amount  of 
this  debt  was,  Apr.  30,  1866,  £85,835,957.  The  "charges,"  including  interest  on  debt  and  public 
works,  amount  to  £36,238,415.  The  accounts  for  the  present  financial  year  show  a  surplus  of 
£800,000. 

Army.  The  number  of  European  troops  in  India  at  the  beginning  of  1866,  was  65,292  men, 
and  the  native  troops  at  the  same  date  were  113,370  men. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  the  imports  and  exports,  including  treasure,  was  as  follow;* 
in  1865 :  Bengal  and  British  Burmah,  imports,  £18,592,218,  exports,  £20,948,703:  Madras,  imports*, 
£4,262,689,  exports,  £6,920,187:  Bombay,  imports,  £26,659,368,  exports,  £41,602,901 :  total  import*, 
£49,514,275,  exports,  £69,471,791.  In  1866,  the  imports  amounted  to  £56,160,000,  and  the  exports 
to  £67,660,000.  There  are  8  great  railway  companies.  The  total  length  of  the  "East  Indian  Rail 
way"  is  about  1,500  miles.  The  total  length  of  all  the  lines  open,  May  1, 1866,  was  3,332.  On  May  1, 
1867,  349  miles  of  new  railway  had  been  opened  for  traffic,  making  the  total  extent  of  lines  now 
open,  3,943  miles.  In  1867,  the  number  of  passengers  was  13,746,354.  There  were  2,070  pot- 1 
offices.  The  mails  were  conveyed  over  46,997  miles,  and  consisted  of  60,000,000  of  letters  and 
newspapers.  From  1857  to  1866,  the  length  of  telegraphs  in  British  India  increased  from  4,l(i'2 
miles  to  13,390  miles.  At  the  end  of  1866,  £65,870,712  had  been  expended  on  railroads.  The 
vessels,  including  native  craft,  entered  and  cleared  at  ports  of  British  India,  numbered  58,401 , 
of  7,621,384  tons ;  36,491  were  native  vessels.  The  import  of  merchandise,  in  1865—66,  amounted  to 
£29,599,228,  of  treasure,  to  £26,557,301,  of  raw  cotton,  to  £.35,587,389,  and  of  opium,  to  £11.122- 
746.  Over  13,000,000  Ibs.  of  cotton  were  shipped  from  Bombay  in  December,  1867,  and  27,139,868 
Ibs.  during  February,  1868. 


4.    BURMAH. 

Capitals,  Ava  and  Monchobo.    Area,  190,517  square  miles.    Population,  4,000,000. 

Burmah  was  formerly  the  most  extensive  and  powerful  of  the  states  of  Farther  India,  but 
since  the  war  with  Great  Britain  (1824  to  1826),  its  territory  has  been  considerably  reduced.  It 
is  composed  of  the  kingdoms  of  Burmah,  Pegu  and  Pong,  with  portions  of  the  countries  inhab 
ited  by  the  Khyen,  and  the  Shan  countries. 

The  government  is  hereditary  and  despotic.  The  sovereign  is  assisted  by  a  council  of  the 
nobility,  over  whom  he  has  a  kind  of  feudal  jurisdiction ;  the  titles  of  the  nobility  are  not  hered 
itary.  Education,  so  far  as  reading  and  writing  is  concerned,  is  more  common  than  in  most  of 
the  Asiatic  States.  Public  revenue  is  derived  from  a  tithe  of  the  profit  of  cultivation,  duties 
of  ten  per  cent,  on  imports  and  five  per  cent,  on  exports,  royal  monopolies  of  marble,  amber, 
precious  metals  and  gems  above  a  certain  size.  The  Empire  is  divided  into  7  provinces.  Ava 
and  Monchobo  have  alternately  been  constituted  the  capital  of  the  Empire.  Among  the  other 
principal  towns  are  Amarapure,  Sakaing,  Rangoon,  Bassain,  Martaban,  Setang,  Taungo,  Prome, 
Patango,  Yandabo,  and  Bhamo.  Burmah  is  the  seat  of  flourishing  American  Baptist  Missions, 
with  about  300  native  preachers,  16,000  members,  and  a  mission  press  at  Rangoon,  which  during 
the  year  ending  1865,  printed  171,900  copies  of  books  and  tracts,  mostly  in  the  native  languages. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES— ASIA.  595 

5.  CEYLON. 

Area,  34,705  square  miles.    Population,  2,049,728. 

Government.  The  administration  is  in  the  hands  of  a  Governor,  aided  by  an  Executive 
Council  of  5  members,  and  a  Legislative  Council  of  15  members.  The  present  Governor  of 
Ceylon  is  Sir  H.  Robinson. 

The  public  revenue  and  expenditure  of  this  Colony  in  1866,  was  as  follows  :  Revenue,  £963,- 
000 ;  expenditure,  £918,000.  Rather  more  than  one-third  of  the  revenue  is  derived  from  import 
and  export  duties.  The  trade  and  commerce  of  Ceylon  has  greatly  expanded  in  recent  years, 
having  more  than  trebled  from  1857  to  1864.  The  total  imports  in  1866,  amounted  to  £4.960,000, 
while  the  total  exports  amounted  to  £3,590,000. 


6.   CHINA. 

Capital,  Pekin.    Area,  4,695,334  square  miles.    Population,  477,500,000. 

The  Empire  is  divided  into  18  provinces.  While  the  tributary  States  are  very  thinly  popula 
ted,  China  proper  is  one  of  the  most  densely  peopled  countries  of  the  world.  The  chief  cities 
are,  Soochow,  about  2,000,000  inhabitants ;  Pekin,  1,648,814.  (For  the  other  large  cities  see  the 
list  of  large  cities  of  the  world). 

Sovereign.  The  reigning  Emperor,  KI-TSIANG,  born  April  5, 1855,  son  of  the  Emperor  Hien- 
fung,  succeeded  his  father  Aug.  22,  1861.  He  is  the  8th  emperor  of  the  Tartar  dynasty  of  Ta- 
tsing,  which  succeeded  to  the  native  dynasty  of  Ming  in  1644. 

Government.  The  Emperor  is  spiritual  as  well  as  temporal  Sovereign.  The  administra 
tion  of  the  Empire  is  under  the  supreme  direction  of  the  "Interior  Council  Chamber,"  com 
prising  4  members  and  2  assistants  from  the  "Great  College.1'  The  fundamental  laws  are  con 
tained  in  the  sacred  books  of  Confucius.  There  are  8  boards  of  Government,  the  present  chief 
of  which  is  Prince  Kong.  Independent  of  the  Government,  and  theoretically  above  the  central 
administration,  is  the  Board  of  Public  Censors  ;  it  consists  of  40  to  50  members  ;  all  the  mem 
bers  of  this  board  are  privileged  to  present  any  remonstrance  to  the  Sovereign.  There  are  five 
degrees  of  nobility.  The  civil  mandarins  (about  15,000)  are  divided  into  two  classes,  from  the 
first  of  which  the  ministers  of  State  are  taken,  and  from  the  second  of  which  are  filled  the 
minor  offices  of  the  empire.  The  military  mandarins  number  about  20,000  men,  distributed  into 
five  classes. 

Finances.  The  estimates  of  the  public  revenue  of  China  are  variable  and  conflicting.  Offi 
cial  returns  of  the  Government  are  not  trustworthy  ;  according  to  the  latest  published  returns, 
the  revenue  amounted  to  192,000,000  taels  (-=£64,000,000),  of  which  the  land-tax  in  money  and 
kind  amounted  to  167,000,000  taels. 

Army.  There  are  no  official  reports  on  army  and  navy.  According  to  recent  estimates  the 
army  consists  nominally  of  4  divisions,  of  the  total  strength  of  600,000  men,  scattered  all  over 
the  empire,  besides  about  200,000  irregular  troops  (Tartars).  The  soldiers  pursue  as  chief  busi 
ness  some  civil  occupation  in  their  own  houses ;  a  standing  army,  in  the  European  sense  of  the 
word,  does  not  exist. 

Commerce.  By  the  terms  of  the  commercial  treaty  of  Nanking  in  1842,  5  ports  of  the  em 
pire  were  opened  to  European  trade  :  Canton,  Amoy,  Foochow,  Ningpo  and  Shanghai.  To  these 
ports  were  subsequently  (in  1858)  added  8  others :  Swatow,  Tientsin,  Che-foo,  Hankow,  Kin- 
kiang,  Chin-kiang,  Formosa,  and  New-chang.  The  relative  importance  of  these  13  gates  of 
Chinese  commerce  is  shown  in  the  following  table,  which  gives  the  total  value  of  the  imports 
and  exports  of  each  in  1864 : 

Ports.  Imports.  Exports.  Ports.  Imports.  Exports. 

Shanghai £21,610.757 £13,282,589        Che-foo £1,008,325 £919,516 

Foo-chow 2,378,044 4,374,685        Hankow 3,620,738 4,484,475 

Canton 2,421,482 3,414,863        Kin-kiane 1,044,217 1,356,983 

Ningpo 3,421,538 2,083,435        Chin-kiang 1,557,784 402,979 

Amoy 2,354,913 943,494        Formosa 193,213 154,498 

Swatow 2,133.262 1,233,371        New-chang...       .    236,579 570,133 

Tientsin 2,593,065 576,929 

Total £44,573,917 £33,797,950 

In  the  movement  of  ships  there  were  about  19,000  vessels  of  a  burthen  of  6,000,000  tons,  6,- 
852  of  which  were  British,  5,355  American,  and  320  French. 

The  port  of  Shanghai  exported,  in  November,  1865,  347,718  pieces  of  cotton  goods ;  and  in  the 
period  from  June  1  to  Nov.  30, 1866,  20,337  bales  of  silk ;  242,000  piculs  of  black,  and  33,000 


596  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

of  green  tea.  The  total  value  of  merchandise  exported  in  1865,  in  the  inland  trade  of  China 
with  Russia,  by  way  of  Kiachta,  amounted  to  8,000,000  silver  roubles  (=4  francs)  ;  the  value  of 
goods  imported  from  Russia,  was  7,750,000.  The  number  of  American  vessels  entered  in  Shang 
hai  for  the  quarter  ending  Sept.  30,  1808,  was  122,  with  a  tonnage  of  129,298 ;  the  value  of  im 
ports  amounted  to  14,735,000  taels,  that  of  exports  to  5,487,000  taels  (1  tael=$1.60).  Tea,  silk, 
&c.,  shipped  to  the  United  States  for  same  time,  $201,498.  The  estimated  total  value  of  trade 
carried  on  under  foreign  flags  in  1866,  amounted  to  299,929,541  taels.  The  total  estimated  value 
of  foreign  imports  and  coastwise,  was  172,462,136  taels  in  1866,  to  which  Great  Britain  contrib 
uted  31,757,249  taels,  the  United  States  280,882,  and  the  Chinese  port",  coastwise,  95,531,355. 
The  amount  of  tea  exported  in  1866  was  1,183,042  piculs  (1  picul=133  Ibs.)  The  import  of  opium 
for  local  consumption,  at  the  open  ports,  increased  in  1866  to  64,576  piculs,  of  the  estimated 
value  of  34,838,640  taels  ;  there  were  also  imported  grey  shirtings,  2,182,602  pieces,  and  sugar, 
1,556,899  piculs. 

China  is  traversed  in  all  directions  by  20,000  imperial  roads,  most  of  which,  however,  are  in 
bad  condition.  There  are  extensive  coal  fields  in  China. 

The  Chinese  Government  is  (1868)  negotiating  treaties  with  the  prominent  civilized  nations. 
It  has  conceded  the  privilege  of  connecting  the  great  seaports  of  the  empire  by  submarine  tele 
graph  cable.  These  ports  have  a  foreign  commerce  of  $900,000,000,  besides  an  immense  internal 
trade. 


7.    JAPAN. 

Capital,  Yeddo.    Area,  149,399  square  miles.    Population,  35,000,000. 

The  number  of  foreigners  settled  in  Japan  is  as  yet  very  small.  Several  ports  have  been 
opened  to  aliens,  Kanagawa,  Nagasaki,  Osaka,  Hiogo,  Hakodaki.  The  laws  of  Japan  are  severe 
and  sanguinary.  The  chief  cities  are  Yeddo,  1,554,848  inhabitants,  Osaka,  about  1,000,000,  and 
Miaco,  600,000. 

Government.  The  head  of  the  State  is  the  "Mikado"  or  Emperor:  but  for  many  centu 
ries  the  administration  has  been  almost  wholly  in  the  hands  of  a  hereditary  Tycoon.  In 
1868,  after  a  war  between  the  Tycoon  Stotsbashi  (since  1866),  and  the  young  Mikado  (since  1867), 
the  Mikado  resumed  the  administration  of  the  Empire,  and  abolished  the  Tycoonate.  The  act 
ual  government  is  vested  in  a  number  of  feudal  princes,  or  "  Daimios,"  proprietors  of  a  more  or 
less  extensive  territory,  over  which  they  exercise  absolute  sway.  The  administration  of  the 
Empire  is  carried  on  by  two  Councils  of  State.  The  Mikado  has  recently  convoked  a  Parliament 
of  the  Daimios  and  Councillors  selected  without  regard  to  rank. 

Army.  The  Daimios  are  stated  to  keep  up  an  effective  army  of  368,000  infantry  and  38,000 
cavalry,  forming  the  Federal  army.  The  Imperial  army  formerly  kept  by  the  Tycoon,  reached 
the  nominal  figure  of  100,000  infantry  and  20,000  cavalry.  The  reconstruction  of  the  government 
will  require  a  reorganization  of  the  army. 

Commerce.  The  trade  of  Japan  with  foreign  countries  showed  a  remarkable  expansion  in 
1865.  The  total  imports  Drought  to  Japan  by  British  vessels  alone  amounted  to  $11,560,509,  and 
the  imports  in  other  vessels  to  $2,634,262.  The  exports  in  British  vessels  amounted  to  $16,186,- 
823  ;  and  the  exports  in  other  foreign  vessels  to  $2,303,407.  The  increase  in  the  value  of  exports 
was  owing  chiefly  to  the  great  rise  in  the  price  of  Japanese  silks.  The  internal  trade  of  Japan  is 
vory  extensive.  There  were  imported  into  Osaka,  in  1866,  salt,  916,270  bags  :  charcoal,  1,253,880 
bags :  wood,  921,540  bundles :  mats  (rough),  105,000  packages.  Total  of  merchant  vessels,  1,843, 


8.    JAVA. 

The  area  of  Java,  the  most  important  of  the  Asiatic  possessions  of  the  Netherlands,  including 
Madura,  embraces  51,336  square  miles,  with  a  population  (in  1865),  of  14,168,416.  The  popula 
tion  has  trebled  since  1816,  when  the  British  Government  restored  the  colony  to  the  Netherlands. 
Slavery  was  abolished  in  1860.  The  bulk  of  the  people  are  held  in  strict  subjugation  as  agricul 
tural  laborers. 

Government.  Java  is  governed  in  an  absolute  manner.  It  is  divided  into  24  provinces, 
each  governed  by  a  President.  The  executive  is  in  the  hands  of  a  Governor-General,  who  is 
assisted  by  a  Council  of  5  members. 

Java  furnished  to  the  Netherlands  a  large  surplus  revenue,  after  paying  for  its  own  govern 
ment,  principally  by  the  sale  of  a  vast  amount  of  colonial  produce. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-ASIA.  597 

The  peculiar  government  of  Java  necessitates  a  comparatively  large  army,  numbering  about 
80,000  rank  and  file.  More  than  one-half  of  the  troops  are  natives.  The  fleet  consisted  in  1865, 
of  2  screw  frigates,  3  corvettes,  and  25  smaller  steamers. 

Almost  the  entire  trade  of  Java  is  with  the  Netherlands.  Next  in  importance  are  Great  Brit 
ain,  China  and  Macao,  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  France  and  the  Gulf  of  Persia.  The  principal 
articles  of  export  are  indigo,  coffee,  sugar  and  tobacco. 


9.    PERSIA. 

Capitol,  Teheran.    Area,  562,344  square  miles.    Population,  5,000,000. 

The  chief  cities  of  Persia  are  Tabris  (Tauris),  150,000  inhabitants,  Teheran,  120,000,  Meshed, 
90,000,  Ispahan,  60,000.  More  than  3,000,000  are  nomads.  The  sovereign  is  Nasser-ed-Din,  Shah 
of  Persia,  born  1829,  succeeded,  1848. 

The  revenue  of  the  Crown  treasure  amounts  to  3,000,000  tomans  (36,000,000  francs),  to  which 
must  be  added  the  immense  donations  given  to  the  ruler.  From  the  Crown  treasure  are  paid 
the  civil  list  and  the  public  expenditure.  There  is  no  public  debt,  the  deficits  being  covered  by 
extraordinary  contributions,  fines,  etc. 

The  Persian  army  numbers  at  present  90  regular  regiments  of  800  men  each,  3  squadrons  of 
regular  cavalry  of  500  men,  5,000  men  artillery,  and  about  30,000  irregular  cavalry. 

The  total  commerce  of  Persia  reaches  the  following  values :  Over  the  western  frontiers,  im 
ports,  12,950,000  thalers,  exports,  13,200,000  thalers:  over  the  eastern  frontiers,  imports,  8,000,000 
thalers,  exports,  7,800,000  thalers  :  total  imports,  20,950,000  thalers,  exports,  21,000,000  thalers. 
Silk  is  the  most  valuable  article. 


10.    SI  AM. 

Capital,  Bangkok.    Area,  309,024  square  miles.    Population,  6,298,990. 

The  limits  of  the  kingdom  of  Siam  have  varied  much  at  different  periods,  and  even  now  the 
lines  of  demarcation  cannot  be  exactly  traced.  The  total  area  is  about  309,024  square  miles,  the 
population  about  6,000,000.  The  Siamese  dominions  are  divided  into  41  provinces.  The  chief 
city,  Bangkok,  has  500,000  inhabitants. 

The  first  King  of  Siam,  Somdel  Phra  (born  Oct.  18,  1804,  succeeded,  1851),  died  in  1868.  (See 
"Obituaries  ").  The  second  king  was  Wangna,  bom,  1810,  brother  of  Somdel  Phra,  and  heir- 
apparent. 

Government.  Siam  is  a  feudal  monarchy,  the  supreme  rulers  possessing,  however,  more 
power  than  those  in  Japan.  The  general  legislative  and  executive  authority  is  vested  in  two 
Kings,  the  first  being  the  real  occupant  of  the  throne,  and  the  second  only  nominally  his  equal. 

The  public  revenue  is  estimated  at  about  $20,000,000  annually,  of  which  sum  the  poll-tax  and 
fines  for  non-service  in  the  army,  produce  $2,500,000.  The  people  are  subjected  to  personal 
service. 

There  is  no  standing  army,  but  a  general  armament  of  the  people.  The  fleet  of  war  consists 
of  numerous  junks,  galleys,  &c.  The  foreign  trade  passes  through  the  port  of  Bangkok.  The 
principal  articles  of  trade  are  rice  and  sugar.  The  kingdom  is  rich  in  minerals. 


1 1 .    TART ARY,  Independent. 

Area,  640,516  square  miles.    Population,  7,870,000. 

Independent  Tartary  (or  Turkistan,  or  Turan),  is  a  country  in  Central  Asia,  comprising  the 
Khanates  of  Maymene,  100,000  inhabitants;  Khiva,  1,500,000;  Bokhara,  2,500,000;  Khokan, 
3,000,000;  and  the  territory  of  the  Turcomans,  770,000.  Our  knowledge  of  all  these  states  is 
very  imperfect,  and  the  statements  of  different  writers  on  population  and  area  widely  differ. 
The  principal  cities  are  Bokhara,  Samarcand,  Balkh  and  Kusrhee  in  Bokhara ;  Khiva  (with 
10,000  inhabitants)  in  the  Khanate  of  Khiva ;  and  Khokan  in  the  Khanate  of  Khokan.  The  ter 
ritory  of  Independent  Tartary  has  of  late  been  greatly  reduced  by  Russian  conquests,  and  a 
large  portion  of  Khokan,  with  the  important,  cities  of  Taskkent  (40,000  in  habitants)  and  Khojend 
has  been  annexed  to  Russia,  and  (in  1867)  formed  into  the  Russian  province  of  Turkestan. 


598 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


IV.    AFRICA. 
THE  DIVISIONS  AND  SUBDIVISIONS  OF  AFRICA. 

Square  miles.  Inhabitant?. 

Morocco 269,593 2,750,000 

Algeria 258,817 2.921,240 

Tunis 45,710 950,000 

Tripoli,  Barka  and  Fezzan 344,423 750,000 

Egypt 659,081 7,405,000 

Sahara 2,430,473 4,000,000 

Mohammedan  countries  in  the  middle  of  Soudan 031,017 38,800,000 

Western  part  of  Soudan,  from  the  Senegal  to  the 
lower  Niger  with  Upper  Guinea. 

French  Possessions  in  Senegambia 96,523  617,732 

Liberia • 9,567  717,500 

Dahomey 3,997  180,000 

British  Possessions 6,442  199,906 

Portuguese  Possessions 35,867  1,095 

Dutch  Possessions 10,030  120,000 

Other  Territory 655,510      818,536 30,063,707   38,500,000 

Eastern  Africa. 

Abyssinia...  158,392  3,000,000 

Other  Territory 1,330,158   1,594,550 26,700,000   29,700,000 

South  Africa. 

Portuguese  Possessions,  eastern  coast 382,692  300,000 

Portuguese  Possessions,  western  coast 312,532  9,057,500 

CapeColony 192,834  490,381 

British  Caffraria 3,402  81,353 

Natal...  19,347  156,165 

Independent  Caffraria 14,457  100,000 

Orange  Free  State 48,049  50,000 

Transvaal  Republic 77.964  120,000 

BassutoLand 7,654  100,000 

Other  Territory 907,043   1,965,974 .5,530.601    16,000,000 

Territory  of  the  Equator 1,722,264 43,000,000 

Islands  in  the  Atlantic. 

Cape  Verde  islands 1,650  84,191 

St.  Thomas  and  Principe 454  18,369 

Fernando  Po  and  Annabon 489  5,590 

Ascension 38  

St.  Helena 47  6,860 

Tristan  da  Cunha 45          2,721 53        115,063 

Islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Socotra 1,701  3,000 

Abd-el-Kuri 64  100 

Zanzibar 617  380,000 

Madagascar...  232,315  5.000,000 

NOBSRW 75  14,860 

St.  Marie  de  Madagascar 351  5,704 

Comoro 1,050  49,000 

The  islands  Arco,  &c 149  

Reunion....  969  205,972 

Mauritius  and  Dependencies 708      237,999 340,604     5,999,300 


Total,  (inclusive  of  several  inland  lakes  not  enumerated).  11, 556,663 


190,950,609 


1.    ABYSSINIA. 

Chief  Town,  aondar.  Area,  158,392  square  miles.  Population,  3,000,000. 
Abyssinia  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  monarchies  of  the  world.  The  people  were  converted 
to  Christianity  at  the  time  of  Constantino,  and  in  the  following  centuries  the  power  of  the  Abys 
sinian  rulers  greatly  extended  ;  but  then  it  began  to  decline,  and  the  Turks  on  the  one  side,  and 
the  Gallas  on  the  other,  almost  entirely  separated  them  from  other  nations.  For  more  than  a 
century  the  princes  of  this  ancient  dynasty  have  been  deprived  of  their  authority,  and  the 
empire  has  been  divided  into  several  states,  the  chief  of  which  are  Shoa,  Tigre,  and  Amhara. 
The  first  ruler  who  re-established  a  superiority  over  all  the  petty  princes,  and  began  the  con 
solidation  of  the  country  into  one  empire,  was  the  late  King  Theodore,  who  acceded  to  the 
throne  in  1855,  and  perished  at  the  capture  of  his  fortress  Magdala  by  the  English,  in  April. 
1868.  In  August,  1868,  King  Gobazie,  the  ruler  of  Waag,  declared  himself  Emperor  of  all  Abys 
sinia,  but  a  number  of  chiefs  do  not  recognize  or  openly  combat  his  authority. 


1869.]  FOREIGN  STATES-AFRICA.  599 

2.    ALG-EBIA. 

Capital,  Algiers.    Area,  258,317  square  miles.    Population,  2,921,246. 

The  boundaries  of  Algeria  are  not  well  defined,  large  proportions  of  the  territory  in  the  out 
lying  districts  being  claimed  both  by  the  French  government  and  the  nomadic  tribes  which  in. 
habit  it.  The  area  and  population  given,  are  in  accordance  with  the  latest  official  estimates. 

Government.  This  is  the  largest  and  most  important  of  the  French  colonies,  and  is  entirely 
under  military  rule.  The  administration  is  in  the  hands  of  a  Governor  General.  The  country  is 
divided  into  five  military  districts. 

Finances.  The  cost  of  maintenance  of  the  army,  the  expenditure  for  public  works,  and 
other  large  sums  disbursed  by  the  government,  are  provided  out  of  the  French  budget.  It  is  cal 
culated  that  the  sum  total  of  French  expenditure  in  Algeria,  from  the  time  of  its  conquest  till 
the  end  of  1865,  amounted  to  5,000,000,000  francs. 

Army.  The  French  troops  in  Algeria  consist  of  one  army  corps  (the  7th),  numbering  about 
(50,000  men.  The  native  troops  consist  of  three  regiments  of  Zouaves,  three  of  Turcos,  three  of 
chasseurs,  and  three  of  Spahis— altogether  15,000  infantry  and  3,000  horse. 

Commerce.  Since  the  days  of  the  French  conquest,  trade  in  Algeria  has  made  immense 
strides  ;  while  in  laSO  it  did  not  exceed  £248,000,  it  reached  £9,000,000  in  1866.  France  draws  a 
large  amount  of  agricultural  produce,  particularly  corn  and  cattle,  from  the  colony.  Great  pro 
gress  has  been  made  in  the  cultivation  of  the  vine.  In  recent  years  the  culture  of  cotton  has 
also  been  attempted. 


3.    CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE. 

Capital,  Cape  Town.    Area,  192,834  square  miles.    Population,  496,381. 

The  colony  is  divided  into  fourteen  districts,  containing  an  area  of  192,834  square  miles,  and 
a  population  of  496,381  inhabitants.  The  European  inhabitants  consist  in  part  of  the  English 
authorities  and  English  settlers ;  but  the  majority  are  of  Dutch,  German,  or  French  origin. 
The  colored  people  are  chiefly  Hottentots  and  Kaffirs  ;  the  remaining  portion  of  the  population 
consists  of  Malays. 

Government.  The  executive  is  vested  in  the  Governor  and  an  Executive  Council :  the 
letiislative  power  rests  with  a  Legislative  Council  of  15  elected  members,  and  a  House  of  Assem 
bly  of  46  elected  members.  The  present  Governor  is  Sir  Wodehouse. 

Finance.  The  revenue  is  mainly  derived  from  import  duties.  The  income  was,  in  1866. 
£874,064 ;  the  expenditure  £858,072.  The  colony  had  a  public  debt,  at  the  end  of  1865,  of  £851,650. 

Commerce.  The  value  of  the  total  imports,  in  1865,  was  £2,125,332  ;  that  of  the  exports, 
£2,297,173.  Among  the  articles  of  export,  wool  is  the  most  important. 


4.   EGYPT. 

Capital,  Cairo.    Area,  659,081  square  miles.    Population,  7,465,000. 

The  population  consists  of  Egyptians,  Copts,  Bedouin  Arabs.  Jews,  Armenians,  and  domi 
ciled  Europeans.  By  far  the  greater  number  are  the  "  Fillahs"  (Arabs),  who  cultivate  the  soil. 
The  chief  cities  are  Cairo,  256,700  inhabitants  ;  Alexandria,  164,400  inhabitants  (of  which  about 
half  are  Europeans). 

Sovereign.  ISMAIL  PASCHA,  Viceroy  of  Egypt,  born  1816.  the  oldest  surviving  son  of  Ibra 
him  Pascha,  succeeded  January  18,  1863.  The  present  viceroy  is  the  fifth  ruler  of  Egypt  of 
the  family  of  Mehemet  Ali,  in  which  family  the  government  has  been  hereditary  since  1841.  He 
pays  tribute  to  the  Sultan,  and  in  case  of  need  furnishes  a  contingent  of  soldiers  to  the  Ottoman 
army  :  but  in  other  respects  he  is  quite  independent. 

Government.  Egypt,  formerly  a  province  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  became  independent  in 
1811.  The  independent  position  of  the  rulers  was  greatly  enlarged  by  the  imperial  firman  of 
May  14, 1867,  establishing  the  direct  succession  of  the  descendants  of  Mehemet  Ali.  and  confirm 
ing  upon  them  the  title  of  King.  The  administration  of  the  country  is  under  a  Council  of  State, 
consisting  of  four  military  and  four  civil  dignitaries,  appointed  by  the  king.  By  the  side  of  this 
council  stands  a  ministry,  divided  into  the  departments  of  finance  and  foreign  affairs.  A  Gover 
nor  is  at  the  head  of  each  of  the  seven  provinces.  The  King  has  recently  instituted  an  Assembly 
of  Representatives. 

Finance.  The  annual  revenue  of  the  government  is  estimated,  according  to  reliable  state 
ments,  at  £8,000,000.  The  Egyptian  budget  recently  published,  estimates  the  revenue  at  £7,477,- 
498,  and  the  expenditure  at  £4,826,805,  showing  a  surplus  of  £2,650,000.  The  tribute  to  the 


600  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

Turkish  government  amounted  formerly  to  80,000  purses  (=  £360,000),  but  is  said  to  have  been 
considerably  increased  since  18G6.  There  exist  two  government  loans,  contracted  in  1862  and 
1864 ;  the  former  amounts  to  60,000,000  francs,  to  be  repaid  by  semi-annual  rates  of  3,250,000 
francs  for  30  years  ;  the  latter  amounts  to  £5,000,000  to  be  extinguished,  by  payments  of  £310,000 
in  equal  rates,  within  fifteen  years. 

Army  and  Navy.  The  army  is  raised  by  conscription.  It  consisted,  in  1867,  of  four  regi 
ments  of  infantry,  of  3,000  men  each  ;  of  a  battalion  of  chasseurs,  of  1,000  men  ;  of  3,500  cavalry  ; 
1,500  artillery  ;  and  two  battalions  of  engineers,  of  1,500  each.  There  is,  besides,  a  regiment  of 
black  troops,  of  the  Soudan,  3,000  men  strong.  The  Egyptian  navy  comprised,  in  1867,  sevei' 
ships  of  the  line,  six  frigates,  nine  corvettes,  seven  brigs,  eighteen  gunboats  and  smaller  vessels, 
and  twenty-seven  transports. 

Commerce.  The  total  value  of  the  trade  of  Alexandria  in  Egyptian  piasters  (20  =  $1)  was, 
in  1866,  1,307,045,000  piasters.  There  entered  the  port  of  Alexandria  in  1866,  3,698  ships,  of 
which  980  were  steamers,  of  a  total  burthen  of  1,373,217  tons. 


5.    LIBERIA. 

Capital,  Monrovia.    Area,  9,567  square  miles.    Population,  717,500. 

The  settlement  of  Liberia,  founded  in  1822,  was  in  1847  proclaimed  a  free  and  independent 
State,  and  recognized  by  the  United  States  in  1861. 

Government.  The  constitution  of  the  republic  of  Liberia  js  formed  after  that  of  the  United 
States.  The  executive  is  vested  in  a  president,  and  the  legislative  power  is  exercised  by  a  par 
liament  of  two  houses.  The  President  of  Liberia  (since  Jan.  6, 1868),  is  J.  Spriggs  Payne.  For 
political  and  judicial  purposes,  the  republic  is  divided  into  counties.  The  government  is  entirely 
in  the  hands  of  men  of  the  African  race. 

Finances.  The  revenue,  in  the  budget  for  1868,  amounted  to  $108,297  ;  the  expenditure  to 
$106,745. 

Commerce.  The  exports  amounted,  in  1866,  to  $436,571.90.  The  Liberians  have  built  and 
manned  thirty  coast  traders,  and  they  have  a  number  of  large  vessels  engaged  in  commerce  with 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  The  principal  exports  are  coffee,  sugar  and  palm  oil. 


6.    MADAGASCAR. 

Capital,  Antanarivo.    Area,  232,315  square  miles.    Population,  5,000,000. 

The  earliest  history  of  this  island  is  involved  in  the  deepest  mystery.  In  1816,  diplomatic 
and  commercial  relations  were  entered  into  between  England  and  Radama,  King  of  the  Hovae, 
the  most  powerful  of  the  Malagash  tribes,  who  had  gradually  extended  his  influence  over  the 
greater  part  of  Madagascar.  This  King  was  a  great  patron  of  the  Protestant  missionaries,  and 
especially  of  their  schools,  of  which  there  were  more  than  100,  affording  instruction  to  about 
5,000  children.  Radama  died  in  1828,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  Queen,  Ranavala.  who  tried  to 
extirpate  Christianity,  and  to  break  off  all  connection  with  foreigners.  Her  son,  Radama  II., 
who  succeeded  her  in  1861,  restored  friendly  relations  with  European  nations,  and  allowed  the 
re-opening  of  Christian  missions.  He  was  succeeded  in  1863,  by  his  Queen,  Rasoheima,  who 
was  opposed  to  Christianity,  but  desirious  of  continuing  intercourse  with  Europeans.  Raso 
heima  died  in  1868,  and  her  successor  openly  patronizes  the  work  of  the  Christian  missionaries. 
Christianity,  education  and  civilization  in  general  are  now  making  very  rapid  progress,  and  the 
island  bids  fair  to  soon  take  a  place  among  the  civilized  nations  of  the  earth. 

Hitherto  the  government  has  been  a  despotic  monarchy.  Public  assemblies  are  sometimes 
called  and  addressed  by  the  monarch,  but  they  are  not  consulted.  The  island  is  divided  into 
about  twenty-five  provinces,  each  being  governed  by  a  Chief  subject  to  the  King. 


7.    NATAL. 

Area  and  Population.  The  colony  has  an  estimated  area  of  19,347  square  miles,  with  a 
population  of  156,165,  and  a  seacoast  of  150  miles.  About  one-seventh  of  the  population  are  of 
European  origin. 

Government.  The  colony  of  Natal  was  erected  into  a  separate  government  in  1845,  being 
administered  by  a  lieutenant  governor.  The  present  lieutenant-governor  is  T.  Maclean. 

Finance.    The  revenue  was,  in  1866,  £157,000  ;  the  expenditure,  £205,000. 

Commerce.  The  value  of  imports,  in  1807,  was  £269,580  ;  exports,  £225,671.  The  staple 
production  was  wool,  its  export  reaching,  in  1867,  1,974,447  pounds. 


186'.).]  FOREIGN  STATES— AUSTRALASIA  AND  POLYNESIA.  601 

V.     AUSTRALASIA  AND  POLYNESIA. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  area  and  population  of  the  continent  of  Australia,  and  the 
principal  islands  of  Polynesia: 

Square  miles.  Inhabitants. 

Continent  of  Australia 2,945,219 1,313,946 

Natives 54,000 

Islands 479.981 2,823,925 

Tasmania 26,215 95,201 

New  Zealand 106.261 201,712 

Natives &5,000 

French  Possessions 11,056 74,397 

New  Guinea 275,518 1,000,000 

Sandwich  Islands 7,633 62,959 


Total 3,425,200 About  4,192,000 


1.    FEEJEE    ISLANDS. 

Area,  8,033  square  miles.    Population,  200,000. 

The  Feejee  Islands  are  a  group  of  islands  in  the  South  Pacific.  Altogether,  they  number 
about  225,  of  which  80  are  inhabited.  Next  to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  they  are  the  largest  of  the 
Polynesia  States  which  have  thus  far  maintained  native  Governments.  They  are  the  seat  of  a 
flourishing  mission  of  the  English  Wesleyans,  and  the  number  of  attendants  upon  their  relig 
ious  services  is  reported  as  exceeding  50,000.  Seven  years  ago,  the  King  offered  to  cede  the  isl 
ands  to  Great  Britain,  but  no  action  has  yet  been  taken  by  the  English  Government  upon  this 
offer.  In  1868,  King  Thakombau,  finding  himself  unable  to  pay  the  indemnity  claimed  by  the 
United  States  Government  for  the  murder  of  the  crews  of  two  American  vessels  by  natives  of 
the  islands,  proposed,  through  his  Prime  Minister,  Mr.  C.  S.  Hare  (an  Englishman),  to  sell  to 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  the  three  islands  which  had  been  mortgaged  for  the  pay 
ment  of  the  indemnity.  Finally,  however,  a  contract  was  made  with  a  company  in  Melbourne, 
which,  for  extensive  grants  of  land  and  other  privileges,  undertook  the  payment  of  the  indem 
nity.  White  population,  about  600.  Exports,  in  1867,  £39,960. 


2.    NEW  SOUTH  WALES. 

This  is  the  oldest  of  the  Australasian  colonies.  The  area  embraces  478,861  square  miles,  with 
a  population,  in  1865,  of  411,388.  In  1866,  the  population  amounted  to  431,412.  The  number 
of  immigrants  introduced  into  the  colony  in  1865,  at  the  public  expense,  was  2,717. 

Government.  The  constitution  vests  the  legislative  power  in  a  Parliament  of  two  Houses. 
There  were,  in  1865,  1,069  schools  with  53,453  scholars. 

Revenue.  The  revenue  amounted,  in  1866,  to  £2,038,079,  the  expenditure  to  £2,036,9&5  ;  the 
land  revenue  amounted  to  £547,138 ;  the  revenue  derived  from  gold  to  £27,410.  The  public  debt 
amounted  to  £5,802,980,  and  was  entirely  incurred  for  railways  and  public  works. 

Commerce.  The  trade  has  more  than  quintupled  since  1850.  The  total  value  of  the  im 
ports,  in  1865,  amounted  to  £9,928,595 ;  the  exports  to  £8,191,170.  The  staple  article  is  wool. 
There  were  in  March,  1866,  1,961,905  horned  cattle,  and  8,132,511  sheep.  New  South  Wales  is 
believed  to  be  richer  in  coal  than  any  other  territory  of  Australasia.  There  were,  in  1865, 585,525 
tons  raised  from  twenty-four  mines.  They  are  steadily  increasing  in  productiveness. 


3.    NEW  ZEALAND, 

The  colony  of  New  Zealand  is  a  group  of  three  islands,  nearly  1,000  miles  long  and  200  miles 
broad.  The  area  is  estimated  at  106,261  square  miles,  with  a  population  in  1865,  of  201,712.  and 
in  1867,  208,682.  The  white  population  is  composed  chiefly  of  emigrants  from  Great  Britain. 

The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Parliament  of  two  Chambers. 

In  1866  the  revenue  was  £1,979,000 ;  the  expenditure  £3,293,000.  A  considerable  portion  of  the 
revenue  is  derived  from  the  sale  of  crown  lands.  The  public  debt  amounted  to  £5,436,000.  The 
imports  rose,  in  1865,  to  £5,890,000,  and  the  exports  to  £4,520,000.  Wool  growing,  ship-build 
ing  and  the  trade  in  timber  are  the  chief  elements  of  industry. 


4.     QUEENSLAND. 

Queensland  comprises  the  whole  north-eastern  portion  of  the  Australian  continent.    Its  Area 
ie  678,600  square  miles,of  which  195,000  were  already  occupied  by  pastoral  stations  in  1861.    The 


602  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

population  amounted  in  1864  to  61,467,  in  1866,  to  96,172.  Emigration  is  adding  more  than  10,000 
persons  every  year.  The  colony  of  Queensland  was  established  in  1859,  on  its  separation  from 
New  South  Wales.  The  power  of  making  laws  and  imposing  taxes  is  vested  in  a  Parliament  of  two 
Houses.  The  revenue,  in  1865,  amounted  to  £631,432 ;  the  expenditure  to  £613,1(51.  The  value 
of  the  imports,  in  1866,  was  £2,467,907,  of  the  exports  £1,366,491.  The  staple  article  is  wool. 


5.    SANDWICH  ISLANDS. 

Capital,  Honolulu.    Area,  7,633  square  miles. 

History.  The  Sandwich  or  Hawaii  It-lands  is  a  group  of  thirteen  islands,  six  of  which  are 
mere  islets ;  while  seven,  namely,  Hawaii,  Maui,  Atauai,  Oahu,  Molokai  (or  Morotai),  Ranai  (or 
Lanai),  and  Nihau  are  inhabited.  They  were  discovered  in  1778  by  Captain  Cook,  and  at  that 
time  each  island  had  its  separate  ruler.  Afterwards  the  islands  were  consolidated  into  one  king 
dom  by  Kamehamaha  I.  (1784-1810).  His  son,  Kamehamaha  II.  (died  1824)  abolished  idolatry. 
The  brother  of  the  latter,  Kamehamaha  III.  (died  1854)  had  his  sovereignty  recognized  by  Eng 
land  and  the  United  States.  Kamehamaha  IV.  (died  1863)  was  married  to  an  English  lady,  and 
favored  the  influence  of  England.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Prince  Lot,  who  now 
reigns  as  Kamehamaha  V. 

The  population  of  the  islands  has  been  steadily  decreasing  since  the  time  of  their  discovery, 
as  the  following  table  shows : 

N»tir«.  VThit«.          Natives.  Totil. 

1779  (estimate  by  Cook) 400.000        1,850  (census) 1,962. . .  .82,203. . .  .84,165 

1828  (estimate) 142,050        1853        "       2,119. . .  .71,019. . .  .73,138 

1832  (census) 130,315        1860        "       '2,71(5 07,084 79,800 

1836        kk        108,579        1866        "       4,194. ..  .58,765. ..  .62,959 

Government.  The  present  King,  Kamehamaha  V.  was  born  Dec.  11,  1830,  and  succeeded 
his  brother  November,  1863.  He  is  a  son  of  the  Governor  Kekuariaoa  and  of  Kinau,  daughter 
of  Kamehamaha  I.  The  Sandwich  Islands  are  a  constitutional  monarchy.  The  ministry,  in 
1868,  was  constituted  as  follows :  Foreign  Affairs,  Crosnier  de  Varigny ;  Interior,  F.  GK  Hutcii- 
inscm  ;  Finances  and  Justice,  C.  C.  Harris. 


6.     SOUTH    AUSTRALIA. 

The  total  area  of  this  territory  is  calculated  to  comprise  383,328  square  miles,  with  a  popula 
tion  in  1865,  of  148,143,  and  in  1867,  of  178,500.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  a  Parliament 
elected  by  the  people,  and  consisting  of  a  Legislative  Council  and  a  House  of  Assembly.  The 
revenue  of  the  colony  was,  in  1866,  £975,000.  The  expenditure,  £1,055,000.  The  total  value  of 
South  Australian  imports,  in  1865,  was  £2,840,000,  and  of  exports  £2,890,000. 


7.    TASMANIA. 

This  colony  was  formerly  known  as  Van  Diemen's  Land  ;  its  area  is  estimated  at  26,215  square 
miles,  and  its  population  in  1865,  at  95,201,  in  1866,  at  97,368.  The  Constitution  gives  a  Legisla 
tive  Council  and  a  House  of  Representatives.  The  revenue,  in  1865,  amounted  to  £1338,076 ;  the 
expenditure  to  £353,456.  The  total  value  of  imports,  in  1865,  was  £403,559;  exports,  £231,436, 


8.    VICTORIA. 

The  estimated  population,  in  1866,  was  643.912,  and  the  area  86,944  square  miles. 

The  revenue  was  in  the  same  year,  £0,322,887,  and  its  expenditure  £3,321,779.  The  total  value 
of  imports  amounted  to  £13,257,537 ;  that  of  the  exports  to  £13,150,748.  The  staple  article  is 
wool,  of  a  value  of  £3,303,478  in  1865.  The  product  of  the  gold  fields,  in  1866,  had  a  value  of 
nearly  £6,000,000. 


9.    WESTERN  AUSTRALIA. 

In  1866  the  population  numbered  21,065.  The  occupied  portion  of  the  colony  is  about  600 
miles  in  length,  by  about  150  miles  in  average  breadth.  It  is  the  only  colony  to  which  con 
victs  from  Great  Britain  continue  to  be  transported.  The  trade  amounted,  in  1868,  to  £168,414 
for  imports,  and  £179,147  for  exports. 


COMPARATIVE  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD, 

RELATING   TO   AREA  AND  POPULATION. 


I.    THE  LARGE  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  large  divisions  of  the  world,  in  the  order  of  their  extent  and 
population.  The  islands  south-east  of  Asia  are  classed  with  Asia.  The  increase  of  population 
is  more  rapid  in  America  and  Australia  than  in  Asia,  Europe  and  Africa. 


Square  miles. 

1.  Asia 17,318,000 

2.  America 15,480,000 

3.  Africa 11,556,663 

4.  Europe 3,781,000 

5.  Australia  and  Polynesia 3,425,000 


Population. 

1.  Asia 805,419,908 

2.  Europe 293,083,000 

3.  Africa 190,950,609 

4.  America 81,400,000 

5.  Australia  and  Polynesia 4,000,000 


II.    POLITICAL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

1.     ARRANGED  ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  AREA  AND  POPULATION. 

The  following  table  exhibits  all  the  Political  Divisions  of  America  and  Europe,  and  the  most 
important  countries  of  the  other  large  divisions  of  the  world.  In  the  first  column  they  are  ar 
ranged  according  to  their  area,  in  the  second  according  to  their  population  from  the  latest  cen 
suses  taken.  Any  particular  country  or  state  in  either  of  the  two  columns  may  immediately  be 
found  by  consulting  the  alphabetical  list  following  this  table : 


IN  ORDER  OF  AREA. 

Square  miles. 

1.  Russian  Empire 7,802,568  '  1. 

2.  Chinese  Empire 4,695,334  2. 

3.  British  Empire* 4,419,559  3. 

4.  United  States 3,578,392  4. 

5.  British  North  America 3,523,083  5. 

6.  Brazil 3.231,047  6. 

7.  Australian  Continent 2,945,219  7. 

8.  Turkish  Empire 1,917,472  8. 

9.  India 1,552,028  9. 

10.  China  (proper) 1,300,000  10. 

11.  Argentine  Republic 826,828  11. 

12.  Mexico 773,144  12. 

13.  Egypt 659,081  13. 

14.  Independent  Tartary  (Turkestan)   640,516  14. 

15.  Persia 562,344  15. 

16.  Bolivia 535,769  16. 

17.  Peru 510,107  17. 

18.  Venezuela 368,2.35  18. 

19.  United  States  of  Colombia a57,179  19. 

20.  Tripoli 344,423  20. 

21.  Morocco 259,593  21. 

22.  Afghanistan 258,530  22. 

23.  Texas  247,356  23. 

24.  Austria 240,381  24. 

25.  Madagascar 233,315  25. 

26.  Ecuador 218,984  26. 

27.  France 209,428  27. 

28.  Spain 195,607  28. 

29.  California 188,981  29. 

30.  Central  America 178,869  30. 

31.  Sweden 170,634  31. 

32.  Beloochistan 165,830  32. 


IN  ORDER  op  POPULATION. 

Inhabitants. 

Chinese  Empire 477,500,000 

China  (proper) 450,000,000 

India 192,583,814 

British  Empire* 174,156,882 

Russian  Empire 77,008,448 

Turkish  Empire 40,000,000 

France 38,192,094 

Austria 86,663,000 

Japan 35,000,000 

United  States 34,560,000 

North  German  Confederation..  29,910,377 

Great  Britain 29,321,288 

Italy 24,368,787 

Prussia 24,043,2% 

Spain 16,302,625 

Brazil 11,780,000 

Mexico 8,137,853 

Independent  Tartary 7,870,000 

Egypt 7,465,000 

Persia 5,000,000 

Madagascar 5,000,000 

Belgium 4.984,451 

Bavaria 4,824,421 

Portugal 4.351,519 

Sweden 4,160,677 

Afghanistan 4,000,000 


New  York. 

British  North  America 

Netherlands 

Abyssinia 

United  States  of  Colombia. . . 
Pennsylvania 


3,880,7:35 
3,765,000 
3,552,665 
3,000,000 
2,920,473 
2,906,115 


[603] 


*  Exclusive  of  Hudson's  Bay  Territory. 


604 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


41. 


91. 

92. 

93. 

94. 

95. 

96. 

97. 

98. 

99. 
100. 
101. 
102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 


IN  ORDER  OF  AREA. 

Square  mill's. 

North  German  Confederation 100,^07 

Abyssinia 158,392 

Dakota 152,000 

Japan 149,399 

Montana 143,776 

Prussia 135,806 

Chili 132,024 

Paraguay 126,352 

New  Mexico 121,201 

Great  Britain 121,115 

Norway 120,295 

Arizona 113,916 

Nevada...                              112.090 

Italy 109,837 

Colorado 104,500 

Oregon 95,274 

Idaho 90,932 

Utah 88,056 

Wyoming 88,000 

Minnesota...  83,531 


IN  ORDER  OF  POPULATION. 


Inhabitant!. 

2,750,000 

2,665,000 

2,510,494 

2,500,000 

2,423,401 

2,339,511 


Kansas. 

Transvaal  Republic 


81,318 
77,964 


Nebraska  75,995 

Washington 69,994 

Indian  Territory 68,991 

Uruguay 66,716 

Missouri 65,350 

Florida 59,268 

Georgia 58,000 

Michigan 56,451 

Illinois 55,410 

Iowa 55,045 

"Wisconsin 53,924 

Arkansas 52,198 

Alabama .              50,722 

North  Carolina 50,704 

Orange  Free  State 48,049 

Mississippi 47,156 

New  York 47,000 

Pennsylvania 46,000 

Tunis 45,710 

Tennessee 45,600 

Louisiana 41,346 

Ohio 39,964 

Virginia 38,352 

Portugal 37,977 

Kentucky 37,680 

Maine 35,000 

South  Carolina 34,000 

Indiana 33,809 

Bavaria 29,373 

West  Virginia 243,000 

Servia 21,210 

Greece 19,353 

St.  Domingo 17.826 

Switzerland 15,722 

Denmark 14,734 

Netherlands 12,680 

Belgium 11,373 

Maryland 11,124 

Vermont 10,212 

Hayti 10,205 

Liberia 9,567 

New  Hampshire 9,280 

Feejee  Islands 8,033 

Massachusetts 7.800 

Sandwich  Islands 7,633 

New  Jersey 7,576 

Wurtemberg 7,532 

Baden 5,912 

Saxony 5,779 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin 5,190 

Connecticut 4,674 

Papal  States 4,552 

Hesse-Darmstadt 2,969 

Oldenburg 2,469 


33.  Morocco 

34.  Central  America 

35.  Switzerland 

36.  Peru 

37.  Saxony 

38.  Ohio 

39.  Venezuela 2,200,000 

40.  Illinois 2,141,510 

41.  Chili 2,084,960 

42.  Beloochistan 2,000,000 

43.  Bolivia 1,987,352 

44.  Wurtemberg 1,778,479 

45.  Norway 1,701,478 

46.  Denmark 1,608,095 

47.  Argentine  Republic 1,465,000 

48.  Baden 1,434,970 

49.  Indiana 1,350,428 

50.  Greece 1,348,522 

51.  Paraguay 1,337,431 

52.  Australian  Continent 1,313,946 

53.  Ecuador 1 .300,000 

54.  Massachusetts 1,267,031 

55.  Virginia 1,260,397 

56.  Missouri 1,182,012 

57.  Kentucky 1,155,684 

58.  Tennessee 1,109,801 

59.  Servia 1,078,281 

60.  Georgia 1,057,286 

61 .  North  Carolina ...  992,622 

62.  Tunis 950,000 

63.  Alabama 946,244 

64.  Iowa 902,040 

65.  Hesse-Darmstadt 823,138 

66.  Michigan 803,745 

67.  Mississippi 791,305 

68.  Wisconsin 775,881 

69.  Tripoli 750,000 

70.  Papal  States 723,121 

71.  Liberia 717,500 

72.  Louisiana 708,002 

73.  South  Carolina 703,708 

74.  Maryland 687,049 

75.  New  Jersey 672,035 

76.  Maine 628,279 

77.  Texas 604,215 

78.  Hayti 572,000 

79.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin 560,618 

80.  California 470,597 

81.  Connecticut 460,147 

82.  Arkansas 435,450 

83.  Minnesota 400,000 

84.  West  Virginia 376,688 

85.  Uruguay 350,000 

86.  Florida 350,000 

87.  New  Hampshire 326,073 

88.  Oldenburg 315,622 

89.  Vermont 315,098 

90.  Hamburg 305,196 

91.  Brunswick 303,401 

92.  Saxe-Weimar 283,044 

93.  Feejee  Islands 200,000 

94.  Anhalt 197,041 

95.  Rhode  Island 184,965 

96.  Saxe-Meiningen 180,335 

97.  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 168,735 

98.  Saxe-Altenburg 141,426 

99.  San  Domingo 136,500 

100.  District  of  Columbia 126,990 

101.  Transvaal  Republic 120,000 

102.  Delaware 112,216 

103.  Lippe-Detmold 111,352 

104.  Bremen 109,572 

105.  Kansas 107,206 

106.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz 98,770 

107.  Reuse,  younger  line 88,097 

108.  -New  Mexico 83,000 


1861M 


TABLES  OF  COMPARATIVE  STATISTICS. 


IN  ORDER  OF  AREA. 


109. 
110. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
117. 
118. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124. 
125. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 


Delaware 2,120 


Brunswick. 


1,425 


Saxe- Weimar 1,404 

Rhode  Inland 1,306 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1,052 

Anhalt 1,026 

Saxe-Meiningen 956, 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 760 

Saxe- Alien  burg 5JO 

Lippe-Detmold . 438 

Waldeck 433 

Schwa  r/sburg-Rudolstadt 374 

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 332 

Reuss,  younger  line 320 

Schamnburg-Lippe 171 

Hamburg 156 

Andorra 149 

Reuss,  elder  line 145 

Lubeck 107 

Bremen 74 

Liechtenstein 62 

District  of  Columbia 55 


IN  ORDER  OF  POPULATION. 

109.  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 

110.  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. . 

111.  Sandwich  Islands 

112.  Montana 

113.  Waldeck 

114.  Oregon 

115.  Orange  Free  State 

116.  Lubeck 

117.  Reuss,  elder  line... 

118.  Utah 

119.  Colorado 

120.  Schaurnburg-Lippe 

121.  Nebraska 

122.  Idaho 

123.  Ari/.ona 

124.  Washington 

125.  Andorra 

126.  Indian  Territory 

127.  Liechtenstein 

128.  Nevada 

129.  Dakota 

130.  Wyoming 


605 


Inhabitants. 

.  75,074 
.  67,500 
.  62.959 
.  60,000 
.  56,805 
.  52,465 
.  5U,(X)0 
.  48,538 
.  43,889 
.  40,273 
.  34,277 
.  31,186 
.  28,842 
.  2l),OUO 
.  20,000 
.  12,519 
.  12,000 
9,761 
7,994 
6,857 
4,837 


2.    ARRANGED  IN  ORDER  OF  DENSITY  OF  POPULATION. 
The  following  table  gives  the  average  population  on  one  square  mile  in  every  country. 


Pop.  on  the  8q.  Wile. 

District  of  Columbia  ................  2308.9 

Hamburg  ...........................  1956.3 

Bremen  .............................  1480.7 

Lubeck  ..............................  453.6 

Belgium  ................  .  .............  438.2 

Saxony  ..............................  419.3 

China  (proper)  .......................  346.1 

Reuss,  elder  line  .....................  302.6 

Netherlands  .........................  280.2 

Hesse-Darmstadt  ....................  277.3 

Saxe-Altenburg  ......................  277.3 

Reuss,  younger  line  ..................  275.3 

Lippe-Detmoldt  ...........  .  ..........  254.2 

Baden  ...............................  242.7 

Great  Britain  ......................  242.1 

Wurtemberg  .........................  236.1 

Japan  ................................  234.3 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  ..................  222.0 

Italy  .................  .  ...............  221.9 

Brunswick  ...........................  212.9 

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen  .........  203.3 

Saxe-Weimar  ........................  201.6 

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt  .............  200.7 

Anhalt  ...............................  192.0 

Saxe-Meiningen  .....................  188.6 

North  German  Confederation  ........  186.7 

Schaumburg-Lippe  ...................  182.4 

France  ...............................  182.3 

Prussia  ..............................  177.0 

Bavaria  ..............................  164.2 

Massachusetts  .......................  162.4 

Switzerland  ..........................  159.6 

Papal  States  .........................  158.8 

Austria  ..............................  147.9 

Rhode  Island  ........................  141.6 

Waldeck  .............................  131.2 

Lichtenstein  .....................  ...  .128.9 

Oldenburg  ...........................  127.8 

India  ................................  124.0 

Portugal  .............................  114.5 

Denmark  ............................  109.1 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin  ..............  108.0 

Chinese  Empire  ......................  101.6 

Connecticut  ......................  ____  98.2 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz  ...............  93.8 

New  Jersey  ..........................  88.7 

Spain  ................................  &3.3 


Spa 
Ne 


ew  York 


82.6 


AT.  Pop.  on  the  Sq.  MUe. 

49.  Andorra 80.5 

50.  Liberia 75.0 

51.  Greece 69.6 

52.  Pennsylvania 63.2 

53.  Maryland 61.7 

54.  Ohio 58.5 

55.  Hayti 56.0 

56.  Delaware 52.9 

57.  Servia 50  8 

58.  Indiana 39.9 

59.  British  Empire 39.4 

60.  Illinois 38.6 

61.  New  Hampshire 35.1 

62.  Virginia 32  9 

63.  Kentucky 30.8 

64.  Vermont 30.8 

65.  Feejee  Islands 24.9 

66.  Tennessee 24.3 

67.  Sweden 24.3 

68.  Madagascar 21.5 

69.  Turkish  Empire 20.9 

70.  Tunis 20.7 

71.  South  Carolina 20.7 

72.  North  Carolina 19.6 

73.  Abyssinia 18.9 

74.  Missouri 18.8 

75.  Alabama 18.7 

76.  Georgia 18.2 

77.  Maine 17.9 

78.  Louisiana 17.1 

79.  Mississippi 16.8 

80.  West  Virginia 16.4 

81.  Iowa 16.4 

82.  Chili  15.7 

83.  Afghanistan 15.5 

84.  Central  America 14.9 

85.  Wisconsin 14.4 

86.  Norway 14.2 

87.  Michigan 14.2 

88.  Independent  Tartary 12.3 

89.  Beloochistan 12.1 

90.  Egypt 11.3 

91.  Morocco 10.6 

92.  Mexico 10.6 

93.  Paraguay 10.6 

94.  Russian  Empire 9.9 

95.  United  States 9.7 

96.  Persia 8.8 


606 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


AT.  Pop.  on  the  Sq.  MUe. 

97.  Arkansas 8.3  114. 

98.  Sandwich  Islands 8.2  115. 

99.  U.  S.  of  Colombia 8.2  110. 

100.  San  Doiniugo 7.6  117. 

101.  Ecuador 6.0  118. 

102.  Venezuela 5.9  119. 

103.  Florida 5.9  120. 

104.  Uruguay .  5.2  121. 

105.  Peru 4.9  122. 

106.  Minnesota 4.8  123. 

107.  Bolivia 3.7  124. 

108.  Brazil 3.6  125. 

109.  California 2.5  126. 

110.  Texas 2.4  127. 

111.  Tripoli 2.2  128. 

112.  Argentine  Republic 1.8  129. 

113.  Transvaal  Republic 1.5  130. 


AT.  Pop.  on  the  Sq.  Mile. 

1.8 

1.0 
1.0 


Kansas 

Orange  Free  State 

British  North  America 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

Australian  Continent 

Oregon 

Montana 

Colorado 

Nebraska 

Washington . . . 

Idaho 

Arizona " 

Indian  Territory 
Nevada 
Dakota 
Wyoming 


3.    ARRANGED  ALPHABETICALLY. 


The  figures  in  columns  under  "Area,"  "Pop. 
country  and  state  in  the  preceding  tables,  thus 
ranks  No.  34,  and  in  order  of  Population  No.  30 ; 


Pop. 


Density 
of  Pop. 

..73 

..83 
..75 
..49 
..24 


1.  Abyssinia 34 30. . . 

2.  Afghanistan 22 26. . . 

3.  Alabama 67 63. . . 

4.  Andorra 125. ...  125. .. 

5.  Anhalt 114....  94... 

6.  Argentine  Republic 11 ....  47. ...  112 

7.  Arizona 44. . .  .123. . .  .126 

8.  Arkansas 66. ...  82. ...  97 

9.  Australian  Continent. ...     7. ...  52. ..  .119 

10.  Austria 24 8 34 

11.  Baden 102 48 14 

12.  Bavaria 83....  23....  30 

13.  Belgium 91....  22....     5 

14.  Beloochistan 32. ...  42. ...  89 

15.  Bolivia 16....  43. ...107 

16.  Brazil 6 16 108 

17.  Bremen 128..  ..104.. ..     3 

18.  British  North  America..     5 28 116 

19.  British  Empire 3 4... 

20.  Brunswick 110 91... 

21.  California 29. ...  80. .. 

22.  Central  America 30....  34... 

23.  Chili 39....  41... 

24.  Cbina  (proper) 10 2. . . 

25.  Chinese  Empire 2....     1... 

26.  Colombia,  U.  S.  of 19. ...  31. .. 

27.  Colorado 47. . .  .119. . . 

28.  Columbia,  District  of. . .  .130. . .  .100. . . 

29.  Connecticut 105 81 ... 

30.  Dakota 35 129. . . 

31.  Delaware 109. . .  .102. . . 

32.  Denmark 89 46. .. 

33.  Ecuador 26 53. .. 

34.  Egypt 13.. 


19.. 


59 
20 

109 
84 
82 
7 

43 
99 

122 
1 
44 

129 
56 
41 

101 
90 
65 

103 


ypt 

35.  Feejee  Islands 97. ...  93. . 

36.  Florida 60. ...  86. 

37.  France 27 7. 

38.  Georgia 61 ....  60. ...  76 

39.  Great  Britain 42 12 15 

40.  Greece 86. ...  50. ...  51 

41.  Hamburg 124. ...  90. ...     2 

42.  Hayti 94....  78....  55 

43.  Hesse-Darmstadt 107....  65....  10 

44.  Idaho 49..  ..122..  ..125 

45.  Illinois 63. ...  40. ...  60 

46.  Independent  Tartary  ....  14....  18....  88 

47.  India 9....  3....  39 

48.  Indiana 82....  49....  58 

49.  Indian  Territory 57 ....  126 ....  127 

50.  Iowa 64....  64....  81 


"  and  "Density  of  Pop.,"  give  the  rank  of  each 
:  Abyssinia,  in  the  first  table,  in  order  of  Area 
in  the  second  table— Density  of  Pop.,  No.  73. 

Density 
Area.         Pop.    of  Pop. 

51.  Italy 46....  13....  19 

52.  Japan 36 9...     17 

53.  Kansas 53..  ..105..  ..11 1 

54.  Kentucky 79 57 63 

55.  Liberia 95 71 .        50 

56.  Liechtenstein 129. ...  127. ...  37 

57.  Lippe-Detmold 118 103 13 

58.  Louisiana 75 72.   .     78 

59.  Lubeck 127..  ..116.. ..     4 

60.  Madagascar 25 21 OS 

61.  Maine 80 76 77 

62.  Maryland 92 74. ...  53 

63.  Massachusetts 98 54. ..     3i 

64.  Mecklenburg-Schwerin.104....  79....  42 

65.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz...ll3....106....  45 

66.  Mexico 12 17...    1)2 

67.  Michigan 62....  66....  MT 

68.  Minnesota 52 83 106 

69.  Mississippi 70 67.        79 

70.  Missouri 59....  56....  74 

71.  Montana 37 112 lr>l 

72.  Morocco 21 33 1)1 

73.  Nebraska 55. . .  .121. . .  .123 

74.  Netherlands 90 29 9 

75.  Nevada 45.... 128..  ..128 

76.  New  Hampshire 96....  87....  61 

77.  New  Jersey 100 75. .      4(5 

78.  New  Mexico 41.. .  .108..  ..117 

79.  New  York 71 ....  27. ...  48 

80.  North  Carolina 68 61.   .     72 

81.  No.  German  Confcd. ...  33. ...  11 ....  26 

82.  Norway 43 45 86 

83.  Ohio 76....  38....  54 

84.  Oldenburg 108....  88....  38 

85.  Orange  Free  State 69 115 115 

86.  Oregon 48. ..  .114..  ..120 

87.  Papal  States 106. ...  70. ...  33 

88.  Paraguay 40 51 98 

89.  Pennsylvania 72 ....  32 ....  52 

90.  Persia 15....  20....  96 

91.  Peru 17 36 105 

92.  Portugal 78....  24....  40 

93.  Prussia 38....  14....  29 

94.  Reuss,  elder  line 126 117 8 

95.  Reuss,  younger  line 122 107 12 

96.  Rhode  Island 112....  95....  35 

97.  Russian  Empire 1 5 94 

98.  San  Domingo 87 99 100 

99.  Sandwich  Islands 99..  ..111.. ..  98 

100.  Saxe-Altenburg 117....  98....  11 


1869.] 


TABLES  OF  COMPARATIVE  STATISTICS. 


607 


101.  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 116. . . 

10-2.  Saxe-Meiniugen 115. . . 

103.  Saxe-Weimar Ill . . . 

104.  Saxony 103... 

105.  Schaumburg-Lippe 123. .. 

106.  Schwarzl/g-Ruclolstadt.iaO. . . 

107.  Schwarzburg-Sonders- 

hausen 121 . . . 

108.  Servia 85... 

10!).  South  Carolina 81 . . . 

110.  Spain 28. .. 

111.  Sweden 31 . . . 

112.  Switzerland 88. ., 

113.  Tennessee 74. . 

114.  Texas 23... 

115.  Transvaal  Republic 54.. 


Density 
Pop.        of  Pop. 

.    97 18 

%....  25 

,  92....  22 

.37....  6 

.120....  27 

.109....  23 

.110....  21 
.  59....  57 
.  73....  71 
.  15....  47 
.  25....  67 
.  35....  32 
.  58....  66 
.  77.... 110 
.101.... 113 


Density 


116.  Tripoli 

Area. 
..      20 

Pop.    i 

.     69.. 

f  Fop. 

Ill 

117  Tunis 

73 

62 

70 

118.  Turkish  Empire  
119.  U.  S.  of  America... 
120    Uruguay 

...     8.. 
...     4.. 

58 

..     6.. 
..  10.. 

85 

.  69 
.  9.1 
104 

121.  Utah  
122.  Venezuela  
123  Vermont 

...  50.. 
...  18.. 
.  .     93 

..118.. 
..  39.. 
89 

.118 
.102 
<>4 

124  Virginia 

55 

62 

125.  Waldeck  
12(i.  Washington  
127  West  Virginia 

.    .119.. 
.    .56.. 

84 

..113.. 
..124.. 

84 

..  36 
..124 
80 

128.  Wisconsin  
129.  Wurtembcrg  
130.  Wyoming  ... 

.   .65.. 
.    .101.. 
.     51.. 

..  68.. 
..  44.. 
..130.. 

..  85 
..  16 
130 

III.    LARGE  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 

1.     CITIES  CONTAINING  MORE  THAN  100,000  INHABITANTS. 

The  following  table  gives  all  the  cities  of  the  world  which  contain  100,000  inhabitants  and  up 
wards,  their  population,  and  the  year  of  the  latest  census,  respectively.  The  rank  of  each 
among  the  cities  of  the  country  in  which  it  is  situated,  is  indicated  by  a  figure  in  parenthesis, 
immediately  following  the  name  of  the  country. 

Yarkand,  China.  (10) ,800,000 

Benares,  East  India,  (6) 200.000 

Hyderabad,  East  India,  (7) 200,000 

Jongping,  China,  (11) 200,000 

Tientsin,  China,  (12) 200,000 

Tschungking,  China,  (13) 200,000 

Wutschang,  China,  (14) 200,000 

.  .1,000,000  Milan,  Italy,  (2) 19(5,109  (1861 .) 

.  .1,000,000  (1863.)        Bordeaux,  France.  (4) 194.241  (1866.) 

Cincinnati,  United  States,  (7). .  193,253  (1866.) 


London,  England,  (1) 3,082,372  (1867.) 

Soochow,  China,  (1) 2,000.000 

Paris,  France,  (1) 1,825,274  (1866.) 

Pekin,  China,  (2) 1,648,814  (1845.) 

Jeddo,  Japan,  (1) 1,554,848 

Canton,  China,  (3) 1,236.000 

Constantinople.  Turkey,  (1)  .  .1,075,000  (1864.) 

Calcutta,  East  India,  (1) 

Tchang-tchan-fu,  China,  (4), 


Osaka,  Japan,  (2) 1,000.000 

Bombay,  East  India,  (2) 816,562  (1854.) 

Hankow,  China,  (5) 800,000 

New  York.  United  States,  (1)..  726,386  (1865.) 

Berlin,  Prussia,  (1) 702,437  (1867. ) 

Philadelphia.  United  States,  (2)  622,082  (1866.) 

Foochow,  China,  (6) 600,000 

Rio  de  Janeiro.  Brazil,  (1) 600,000 

Vienna,  Austria,  (1) 578.525  (1864.) 

St.  Petersburg.  Russia,  (1). ...  539.122  (1864.) 

Bangkok,  Siam,  (1) 500,000 

Liverpool,  England,  (2) 492.439  (1867.) 

Glasgow,  Scotland.  (1) 440,979  (1867.) 

Madras,  East  India,  (3) 427,771  (1803.) 

Naples,  Italy,  (1) 418.968  (18(51.) 

Ninsrpo,  China,  (7) 400,000  (1865.) 

Shanghai,  China,  (8) 395,000 

Manchester,  England.  (3) 302,823  (1867.) 

Moscow,  Russia.  (2). 351,609  (1863.) 

Birmingham,  England,  (4) 343,948  (1867.) 

Lyons,  France,  (2) 323,954  (1866.) 

Dublin,  Ireland,  (1) 319,210  (1867.) 

Marseilles,  France,  (3) 300,131  (1866.) 

Lucknow,  East  India,  (4) 300,000 

Madrid,  Spain,  (1) 298,426  (1860.) 

Patna,  East  India,  (5) 284,132 

Brooklyn,  United  States,  (3). . .  266,661  (1860.) 

Amsterdam,  Holland,  (1) 264,498  (1864.) 

Cairo,  Egypt,  (1) 256,700  (1862.) 

Amoy,  China,  (9) 250,000 

Warsaw,  Poland,  (1) 243,512  (1865.) 

Baltimore,  United  States,  (4). .  239,070  (1866.) 

Leeds,  England,  (5) 232,428  (1867.) 

Lisbon,  Portugal,  (1) 224,063  (1863.) 

Sheffield,  England,  (6) 222,199  (1867.) 

Rome,  Papal  States,  (1) 215,573  (1867.) 

Hamburg,  Germany,  (1) 214,893  (1866.) 

Mexico,  Mexico,  (1) 210,327  (1862.) 

St.  Louis,  United  States.  (5)  . .  204,327  (1866.) 

Chicago,  United  States,  (6) ....  200,418  (1866.) 


Boston,  United  States,  (8) 192.324  (1866.) 

Kjong,  Korea,  (1) 190,027  (1793. ) 

Barcelona,  Spain,  (2) 189.948  (18(50.) 

Brussels,  Belgium,  (1) 189.337  (1866.) 

Turin,  Italy,  (3) 180.520  (1861 . ) 

Amritsir,  East  India,  (8) 180,000  (18(56.) 

Kagosima,  Japan,  (3) 180,000  (1868.) 

Edinburgh,  Scotland,  (2) 170.081  (18(57.) 

New  Orleans,  United  States.(9)    168,675  (18(50.) 

Palermo,  Italy,  (4) 1(57,625  (18(51 .) 

Munich,  Bavaria,  (1) 167.054  (18(54.) 

Breslau,  Prussia,  (2) 166,744  (1867. ) 

Bristol,  England.  (7) 1(55.572  (1867. ) 

Alexandria,  Egypt,  (2) 164,400  (1862.) 

Manilla.  Philippine  Islands,  (1)..  160.000 

Dresden,  Germany,  (2) 155,971  (1867.) 

Copenhagen,  Denmark,  (1) 155,143  (18(50.) 

Lille,  France,  (5) 154,749  (1866.) 

Delhi.  East  India,  (9) 152,406 

Adrianople,  Turkey,  (2) 150,000 

Bokhara,  Indepen.  Tartary,  (1)..  150,000 

Jakoba.  Africa,  (1) 150,000 

Joudpore,  East  India,  (10) 150,000 

Smyrna,  Turkey,  (3) 150,000 

Tabreez,  Persia,  (1) 150,000 

Tokat,  Turkey,  (4) 150.000 

Tunis,  Tunis,  (1) 150.000 

Urumtsi,  China,  (15) 150,000 

Havana,  Cuba,  (1) 146,989  (1859.) 

Moorshedabad,  East  India,  (11).  146,963 

Prague,  Austria,  (2) 142,588  (1857.) 

Bangalore,  East  India,  (12) 140,000 

Baroda,  East  India,  (13) 140,000 

Stockholm,  Sweden,  (1) 138,189  (1866.) 

Pesth,  Hungaria,  (1) 131,705  (1857.) 

San  Francisco,  U.  S.,  (10) 131.000  (1867.) 

Ahmedabad,  East  India,  (14). . .  .130,000 

Genoa,  Italy.  (5) 127,986  (1861.) 

Toulouse,  France,  (6) 126,936  (1866.) 


608 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


Melbourne,  Australia,  (1) 1-26,536  (1861.) 

Ghent,  Belgium,  (2) 126,333  (1866.) 

Cologne,  Prussia,  (3) 126,203  (1867.) 

Agra,  East  India,  (15) 125,262 

Newcastle-on-Tyne,  England,  (8). 124, 900  (1867.) 

Antwerp,  Belgium,  (3) 123,498  (1866.) 

Bukharest,  Turkey,  (5) 121,734  (I860.) 

Lima,  Peru,  (1) 121,362 

Buenos  Ayres.  Arg.  Repub.(l). .  .120,000 

Damascus,  Turkey,  (6) 120,000 

Teheran,  Persia,  (2) 120,000 

Belfast,  Ireland,  (2) 119,718  (1861.) 

Odessa,  Russia,  (3) 118,970  (1863.) 

Sevilla,  Spain,  (3) 118,298  (1860.) 

Venice,  Italy,  (6) 118,172  (1857.) 

Santiago,  Chili,  (1) 115,377  (1865.) 

Rotterdam,  Holland,  (2) 115,277  (1866.) 

Salford,  England,  (9) 115,013  (18(57.) 

Florence,  Italy,  (7) 114,363  (1861.) 

Nantes,  France,  (7) 111,956  (1866.) 

Bareilly,  East  India,  (16) 111,332 

Nagpore,  East  India,  (17) 111,231 

Cawnpore,  East  India,  (18) 108,796 


Valencia,  Spain,  (4) 107,703  (1860.) 

Hull,  England,  (10) 100,740  (1807.) 

Bradford,  England,  (11) 100,218  (1801.) 

Liege,  Belgium,  (4) 104,905  (1800.) 

Trieste,  Austria,  (3) 10-1,707  (1.857.) 

Magdeburg,  Prussia,  (4) 103,981  (1807.) 

Riga,  Russia,  (4) 102,043  (1807.) 

Kouigsberg,  Prussia,  (5) 101,507  (1804.) 

Stoke-upon-Trent,  England,  (12)101,207  (1861.) 

Rouen,  France,  (8) 100.671  (1866.) 

Abeokuta,  Africa,  (2) 100,000 

Aleppo,  Turkey,  (7) 100,000 

Bey  root,  Turkey,  (8) 100,000 

Bhurtpore,  East  India,  (19) 100,000 

Dhar,  East  India,  (20) 100,000 

Erzertun,  Turkey,  (9) 100,000 

Fyzabad,  East  India,  (21) 100,000 

llama,  Turkey,  (10) 100,000 

Herat,  Affghanistan,  (1) 100,000 

Kaschan,  Persia,  (3) 100,000 

Kumosi,  Africa,  (3) 100,000 

Morocco,  Morocco,  (1) 100,000 

Taschkend,  Russia,  (5) 100,000 


2.    CITIES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  EUROPE  CONTAINING  LESS  THAN  100,000  AND  MORE 
THAN  50,000  INHABITANTS. 


Saint-Etienne,  France 96,620  (1866.) 

Portsmouth.  England 94,799  (1861.) 

Malaga,  Spain 94,732  (1860.) 

Buffalo,  United  States 94,592  (1865.) 

Kishinef,  Russia 94.124  (1863.) 

Leipzic,  Germany 91,598  (1867.) 

Dundee,  Scotland 90,417  (1861.) 

Dantzic,  Prussia 90,337  (1864.) 

Bologna,  Italy 89,850  (1861.) 

Murcia,  Spain 87,803  (1860.) 

Hague,  Netherlands 87,801  (1866.) 

Newark,  United  States 87,413  (1865.) 

Oporto,  Portugal 86,257  (1803.) 

Saratof,  Russia 84.391  (1863.) 

Strasbourg.  France 84,167  (1866.) 

Merthyr  Tydfil 83,875  (1861.) 

Livorno,  Italy 83,543  (1861.) 

Preston,  England 82,985  (1861.) 

Brest,  France 79,847  (1866.) 

Hanover,  Prussia 79,649  (1864.) 

Cork,  Ireland 78,892  (1861.) 

Frankfort-on-thc-Main 78,245  (1864.) 

Sunderland,  England 78,211  (18(51.) 

Brighton,  England 77,693  (1861.) 

Toulon,  France 77,126  (1866.) 

Havre,  France 74,900  (186(5.) 

Norwich,  England 74.891  (1861.) 

Aberdeen.  Scotland 74,891  (1861.) 

Nottingham,  England 74,693  (1861.) 

Stettin,  Prussia 73,602  (18(57.) 

Oldham.  England 72,333  (1861 .) 

Nuremberg.  Germany 71,798  (1867.) 

Cadiz.  Spain 71,521  (1860.) 

Bremen,  Germany 70,692  (18(54.) 

Bolton,  England 70,395  (1861.) 

Lemberg,  Austria 70,384  (1857.) 

Sokmiki,  Turkey 70,000 

Vilna,  Russia 69,464  (1863.) 

Stuttgart,  Germany 69,084  (1864.) 

Kief,  Russia 68,424  (18(53.) 

Leicester,  England 68,056  (1861.) 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  Prussia 67,923  (1807.) 

Zaragoza,  Spain 07,428  (1860.) 

Granada 07,326  (1860.) 

Jassy,  Rumania 65,745  (1800.) 

Christiania,  Norway 05,513  (1865.) 

Roubaix,  France (55,091  (18(50.) 

Catania,  Italy 64,921  (1861.) 


Barmen,  Prussia 64.865  (1867. 

Elberfeld,  Prussia 64,732  (1867. 

Nikolaief,  Russia 64,567  (1863. 

Gratz,  Austria 63,175  (1857. 

Blackburn,  England 03,126  (1861.) 

Kasan,  Russia 63,084  (1803  ) 


Dusseldorf,  Prussia 62,866  (1867.) 

Szegedin,  Hungary 02,700  (1857.) 

Albany,  United  States 62,613  (1865.) 

Plymouth,  England 62,599  (1861.) 

Messina,  Italy 62.024  (1801.) 

Washington,  United  States 01,122  (1805.) 

Amiens.  France 01.003  (1800.) 

Wolyerhampton,  England 00.800  (1801.) 

Rheims.  France 00,734  (1800.) 

Nimes,  France 60,240  (1866.) 

Verona,  Italy 59.169  (1857.) 

Chemnitz,  Germany 58,942  (1867.) 

Brunn.  Austria 58,809  (1857.) 

Muhlhouse,  France 58,773  (1866.) 

Utrecht,  Netherlands 58,007  (1800. 

Tula,  Russia 56,739  (1863. 

Montpellier,  France 55,006  (I860. 

Milwaukee.  United  States 55,000  (1865. 

Metz,  France 54,817  (1866  ') 

Angers,  France 54,791  (1866.) 

Stockport,  England 54.681  (1861.) 

Providence,  United  States 54.595  (1865.) 

Carthagena,  Spain 54,315  (I860.) 

C  refold,  Prussia 53,837  (1867.) 

Padua,  Italy 53,584  (1857.) 

Maria-Theresiopel 53,499  (1857.) 

Posen,  Hungary 53,383  (1864.) 

Altona,  Prussia 53,280  (1867  ) 

Berditschef,  Russia 53,169  (1863.) 

Limoges,  France 53,022  (1800.) 

Palma,  Spain 53,019  (1800.) 

Eath,  England 53,528  (1861.) 

Jerez  de  la  Frontera 52,158  (I860.) 

Kharkof,  Russia 52,010  (1863.) 

Birkenhead,  England 51,047  (1861.) 

Davenport,  England 50,440  (1861.) 

Nice,  France 50,180  (I860.) 

Serajevo,  Turkey  50,000 

Gallipoli,  Turkey 50,000 

Nancy,  France 49,<)93  (1866.) 

Bruges,  Belgium 49,819  (1866.) 


PAET   IV. 
RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


FOR  a  correct  understanding  of  the  following  tables  of  ecclesiastical  sta 
tistics,  it  is  of  importance  to  distinguish  between  active  and  nominal  mem 
bers  of  a  religious  denomination.  Full  accuracy  can  only  be  obtained  with 
regard  to  actual  membership,  but  our  knowledge  of  this  class  of  statistics  is 
becoming  more  and  more  accurate,  as  the  number  of  churches  which  make  an 
enumeration  of  their  members  is  increasing.  On  the  other  hand,  religious  sta 
tistics  of  population  can  only  consist  of  estimates.  They  include  the  population 
which  lives  and  grows  up  under  the  influence  of  a  particular  religious  belief. 
Formerly,  most  governments  of  the  world  required  all  their  subjects  to  be 
connected  with  some  particular  religious  denomination,  and  official  censuses 
contained  ecclesiastical  as  well  as  political  statistics ;  but  as  religion  is  being 
more  generally  recognized  as  a  free  act  of  every  citizen  which  does  not  con 
cern  the  state  government,  the  holding  of  ecclesiastical  censuses  has  been 
altogether  discontinued  in  several  countries,  as  in  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain.  The  official  censuses  of  these  countries  include,  however, 
statistics  of  places  of  worship,  of  church  sittings,  and  many  other  facts 
which  are  of  use  in  forming  a  reasonable  estimate  of  the  religious  belief  of 
the  population. 

I. — CREEDS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

The  total  population  of  the  world  is  now  estimated  at  1,375,000,000.  In 
1859,  one  of  the  ablest  statisticians  of  Europe,  Professor  Dieterici,  of  Berlin, 
taking  1,300,000,000  as  the  total  population  of  the  world,  classified  them  as 
follows:  Christians,  335,000,000;  Jews,  5,000,000;  East  Asiatic  religions, 
000,000,000 ;  Mohammedans,  160,000,000  ;  Pagans,  200,000,000.  On  the  basis 
of  the  larger  estimate  of  the  present  population  of  the  world,  we  give  the 
number  belonging  to  each  of  the  principal  denominations,  as  near  as  can  be 
obtained  from  the  most  trustworthy  sources  of  information. 

Christians 380,000,000        Pagans 200,000,000 

Buddhist? 3(10,000,000        Mohammedans 165,000,000 

Other  Asiatic  religions 260,000,000        Jews 7,000,000 

Christianity  is  the  prevailing  religion  in  every  country  of  America  and 
Europe,  in  Australia  and  in  many  of  the  islands  of  Polynesia.  In  Europe, 
one  country — Turkey,  is  under  a  non-Christian  government,  but  the  great 
majority  of  the  inhabitants  in  the  European  provinces  are  Christians.  In 
Africa,  Abyssinia  and  Liberia  are  independent  Christian  States,  and  besides, 
Christianity  prevails  in  a  number  of  colonies  belonging  to  European  States. 
39  609 


610  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1800. 

The  largest  empire  of  Asia — Russia,  is  also  a  Christian  country.  India,  the 
third  country  in  point  of  extent,  is  under  the  rule  of  a  Christian  government, 
and  so  is  a  large  portion  of  Farther  India. 

The  Mohammedan  countries  in  Asia,  are  Turkey,  Persia,  Aifghanistan,  and 
the  Khanates  of  Central  Asia ;  in  Africa — Morocco,  the  dependencies  of 
Turkey,  (Egypt,  Tunis,  Tripoli,)  and  a  number  of  interior  states. 

Buddhism  prevails  in  India,  Farther  India,  in  many  parts  of  China,  and  in 
Japan.  The  governments  of  Japan,  Burmah,  and  Siam  are  Buddhist ;  the 
government  of  China  adheres  to  the  religion  of  Confucius. 

II. — GENERAL  STATISTICS  OF  CHRISTIANITY. 
1.     Divisions  of  Christianity. 

It  is  common  to  divide  the  Christian  churches  into  three  groups : 

(1.)  Tlie  lioman  Catholic  Church.  This  church  is  apparently  one  organ 
ization,  and  the  recognition  of  the  Pope  as  the  head  of  the  entire  church  is 
an  article  of  faith.  There  is  one  religious  organization  in  Holland,  (the  Jan- 
sensits,)  who,  while  they  claim  to  belong  to  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  are 
not  recognized  by  the  Pope.  Besides,  in  the  Roman  Catholic  countries  of 
Europe  there  are  many  millions  whose  connection  with  the  Roman  Catholic 
church  is  only  nominal.  The  attitude  of  the  Parliaments  of  Italy,  Austria, 
Belgium,  Portugal  and  other  states  is  a  conclusive  proof  of  this. 

(2.)  The  Eastern  or  Oriental  Churches.  This  group  embraces  the  follow 
ing  denominations  :  The  Greek  Church,  the  Armenian  Church,  the  Nestori- 
ans,  the  Jacobites,  the  Copts,  and  the  Abyssinians.  All  of  them  recognize 
the  first  (Ecumenical  council  of  Nice,  and  have  bishops  for  whom  they  claim 
an  apostolic  succession. 

(3.)  The  Protestant  Churches.  All  the  churches  not  belonging  to  one  of 
the  two  preceding  groups,  are  generally  comprised  under  the  collective  name 
of  Protestants.  We  must  not  omit  to  state  that  there  are  parties  in  some  of 
the  denominations,  classed  under  this  head,  which  protest  against  the  appli 
cation  of  this  name  to  them.  Thus  in  the  established  church  of  England, 
and  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  the  United  States,  there  is  a  party 
which  desires  to  be  placed  in  the  second,  instead  of  the  third  of  our  groups. 
If  their  church  should  adopt  this  view,  our  second  group  should  be  desig 
nated  as  The  Episcopal  churches  with  Apostolic  Succession.  But  for  the  pre 
sent  we  follow  the  long-established  usage,  and  without  prejudging  the  pro 
priety  of  the  technical  names,  retain  the  classification  which  has  been  com 
monly  adopted  by  statisticians.  The  subdivisions  of  Protestantism  are  nu 
merous,  and  we  speak  of  them  below. 

2.     The  Roman  Catholic,  the  Eastern  and  the  Protestant  Churches. 
The  following  tables  contain,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  statistics 
of  the  Roman  Catholic,  Eastern  and  Protestant  Churches  in  every  country 
of  the  world.     The  total  population  is  taken,  in  great  part,  from  Belmvs 
mphisches  Jahrluch,  vol.  2,  (Gotha,  1868.) 


1869.] 


RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


611 


AMERICA. 


Total  Population.             Roman  Catholic. 

Protestant. 

East.  Church. 

rnited  States,  (including  Alaska) 

34,560,000  5.000,000.  .  . 

27,000,000. 

10,000 

Mexico  

8,218,080 

8,200,000... 

5,000. 

Central  American  Republics  
United  States  of  Columbia  

2,665,000  2,660,000.  .  . 
2,920,473  2,890,000.  .  . 

5,000. 
....       10,000. 

Venezuela  

2,200,000 

2,200,000... 

Ecuador  

1,300,000 

1,250,000... 

Peru  

2,500,000 

2.400,000... 

2,000. 

Bolivia  

1.987,352 

1,750,000.   . 

Chili  

2,084.960 

1,950,000.   . 

20,000. 

Brazil  

11,780,000 

...11,100,000.    . 

...        100,000. 

Argentine  Republic  

1,465,000  1,340,000.   . 

20,000. 

Paraguay  

1,337,431 

1,337,000.   . 

Uruguay  

350,000 

237,000.   . 

3,000. 

Hayti  

572.000 

560,000... 

10,000. 

San  Domingo  

136,500 

135,000... 

1,000. 

Brit.  No.  America—  (Domin.  of  Ca 

tiada, 

Pr.  Edwards  Isl.,  Newfoundland, 

Brit. 

Columbia,  Red  River  Col.,  Bermuda).  3,880,000 
Other  British  Possessions  1,130,910 

...1,700,000... 
150,000... 

....  2,100,000. 
600,000. 

Danish   Possessions,    (Greenland 

,   St. 

Thomas,  St.  John,  St.  Cruz)  

48,231 

9,200... 

....       38,000. 

French  Possessions  

315,677 

314,000... 

1,000. 

Spanish           "          

1,979,838 

1,977,000... 

2,000. 

Dutch             "          

92,521 

32,000... 

....        40,000. 

Swedish          "          

2,898 

800... 

2,000. 

Patagonia  and  Fireland  

30,000 

81,556,871 

47,192,000 

29,959,000 

10,000 

EUROPE. 

Total  Population.             Roman  Catholic. 

Protestant. 

East.  Church. 

Portugal  
A/ores  and  Madeira  

3,987.861  |               A  vAn  n-v, 
....      363.658f  4,340,000... 

7,000. 

Spain  ... 

....16,302,625 

16,280,000... 

10,000. 

Andorra  

12,000 

12,000... 

France  

38,192,094 

36.000.000... 

1,600,000. 

North  German  Confederation  

....29,910,377 

7,875,000... 

20,682,000. 

.  .  .  .          2,000 

South  German  States  

....  8,611,523 

4,935.000... 

8,351,000. 

Austria  

....85,653,000 

27,000,000... 

3,600,000. 

....3,200,000 

Italy  

....24,368.787 

24,000.000... 

60,000. 

Papal  States  

....      723.121 

710,000... 

1,000. 

San  Marino  

5,700 

5.700... 

Monaco  

1,887 

1,800... 

Switzerland  

2,510,494 

..  1,023,000... 

1,482,000. 

Holland  
Luxemburg  

....  3,552,665  }               .  AKn  ^ 
•  1991958  f  1,450,000... 

2,200,000. 

Belgium  

.    ..  4.984,451 

4,850,000... 

25,000. 

Great  Britain  
Heligoland,  Gibraltar  and  Malta 

.   .  29,321,288 
.   .        163,683 

6,100,000... 

23,400,000. 

Denmark  
Faroe  and  Iceland  

1,608,095 
.    .          75,909 

1,000... 

1,675,000. 

Sweden  
Norway  

.    .     4,070,061 

.    .     1,701,478 

-  5,000... 

5,760,000. 

Turkey  

...  13,544,0001 

Rumania  
Servia  

.  .  .     3,864,848  1                  700  ^ 
....  1,078,281  |  100,000... 

50,000. 

..12,500,000 

Montenegro  

....      196,238  J 

Greece  

Ionian  Islands 

....  1,096,8101                    fionno 
....      251,712  [  60.000... 

3,000. 

...1,270,000 

Russia  

....67,260,431 

6,769,000... 

4,122,000. 

.  .52,810,000 

293,513,035 

142,117,500 

68,028,000 

69,782,000 

•                      ASIA. 

Total  Population 

Roman  Catholic. 

Protestant. 

East.  Churcl.. 

Russian  Possessions  

....  9,748,000. 

25.000... 

10,000. 

.  .  .4,885,000 

Turkish           "          

....16,463.000. 

260.000... 

10,000. 

.  .  .3,000,000 

Arabia  

....  4,000.000. 

Persia  

....  5,000,000. 

10,000... 

2,000. 

...    300,000 

Afghanistan  and  Herat  

....  4,000,000. 

Beloochistan  

2,000,000. 

Toorkistan  

....  7,870,000. 

China  and  dependencies  

.  .  .477,500.000. 

700,000... 

20,000. 

1,000 

612 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1809. 


Japan 

Total  Population. 
..    35,000,000.... 

.  .198,840,000  )  .  . 
2,049  728  V 

Roman  Catholic. 
100,000  

iJ600,000        ... 

Protostunt. 

....  1,000.. 
500000 

East.  Church. 

'.'.'.  300,000 

East  India  and  British  Burmah  
Ceylon  

Farther  India  

.  .  20,760,945  ) 
..  27,078,804.... 

805,419,477 

AFRICA 
is  estimated  in 
>llows  : 

2,000,000  
4,695,000 

1868,  at  190,950,000. 

Roman  Catholic. 

140,000 

...170,000.. 

East  India  Islands  

The  total  population  of  Africa  \v* 
Christian  population  are  about  as  fc 

British  Possessions  

713,000          8,486,000 
The  statistics  of  the 

Protestant.          East.  Church. 
500  000 

French           " 

.     133  000 

Portuguese    " 

439  000 

10  ooo' 

Spanish          "          

12,000... 
.     100,000 

Angola,  Benguela,  Mozambique.  .  . 
Algeria 

190  000 

Egypt  

50,000 

10  000 

...  200,000 
..  .3,000,000 

Abyssinia  

30,000  

Liberia 

...  40,000.. 

Morocco  and  Fez  

200... 
.  10,000 

Tunis  and  Tripoli 

Madagascar  

2,000  

50000 

Orange  Free  State  
Transvaal  Republic 

.  ...  15,000.. 
...  30,000.. 

•"•'•" 

Kaffraria  

Basutos  

'  j-   30,000.. 

1,106,200 


685,000         3,200,000 


AUSTRALIA  AND  POLYNESIA. 

The  total  population  of  Australia  according  to  the  latest  census  was,  1,313,946  ;  the  population 
of  the  islands  is  estimated  at  2,823,925,  total,  4,192,000. 

The  number  of  Roman  Catholics  in  New  South  Wales,  is  99,193;  in  South  Australia,  15,594; 
in  Victoria,  107,610  ;  in  New  Zealand,  about  30,000 ;  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  22,000.  The  total 
number  of  Roman  Catholics  in  Australia  and  Polynesia  may  be  estimated  at  350,000. 

Nearly  the  whole  population  of  the  English  Possessions,  that  is  not  Roman  Catholic  and 
Jewish,  may  be  set  down  as  Protestant.  This  gives  about  1,300,000  for  Australia,  Tasmania  and 
New  Zealand.  In  the  Sandwich,  Fiji  and  other  islands,  there  may  be  about  150,000.  Total  num 
ber  of  Protestants,  about  1,450,000. 


America 

Europe 

Asia 

Africa 

Australia  and  Polynesia 


RECAPITULATION — TOTAL. 

Total  Population.  Roman  Catholic. 

81,400,000 47,192,000. 


..293,000,000.... 
..805,400,000.... 
..191,000,000.... 
..  4,200,000.... 

1,375,000,000 


....143,117,000. 

4,695,000. 

....     1,100,200. 
1350,000. 

195,400,200 


Protestant. 

29,959,000. 

68,028,000. 

713,000. 

685.000. 

1,450,000. 


East.  Church. 

10,000 
....69,782.000 

8,486,000 

3,200,000 


100,835,000 


81,478,000 


III.  THE  ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH. 

1.  The  Pope.    The  Pope,  Pius  IX.,  formerly  Giovanni  Maria  di  Mastai  Ferretti,  was  born 
at  Sinigaglia  on  the  13th  of  May,  1792;  elected  Pope  on  the  death  of  Gregory  XVI.,  in  1846,  and 
crowned  on  the  21st  of  June  of  that  year. 

2.  The  Cardinals.    There  were,  in  November  1808,  57  Cardinals,  of  whom  5  were  Cardinal 
Bishops,  44  Cardinal  Priests,  and  8  Cardinal  Deacons.     Thirty-nine  were  Italian  by  birth,  and 
only  18  non-Italians,  7  French,  4  Spanish,  4  Germans,  1  Croatian,  1  Portuguese,  and  1  Irish. 

Among  the  new  Cardinals  created  in  1868,  was  Prince  Lucian  Bonaparte,  a  cousin  of  the  Em 
peror  of  France. 

3.  Patriarchs,  Archbishops  and  Bishops.    According  to  the  official  Papal  Almanac 
(Annuario  Pontiftcio)  for  1867,  the  number  of  Patriarchates,  Archbishoprics  and  Bishoprics  in 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church  amounted  to  1,092.    This  includes  all  the  prelates  of  the  Oriental 
Churches  that  are  in  communion  with  Rome — namely,  those  of  the  Armenian  Catholics,  the 
Maronites,  the  Greek  Catholics,  the  Syrians,  the  Bulgarian  Greeks,  and  the  Chaldeans. 

The  name  Patriarch  no  longer  signifies,  as  in  the  ancient  Church,  the  head  of  one  of  the  largest 


1569.]  RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD.  613 

divisions  of  the  Church,  but  ie  now  chiefly  a  title.  There  are  twelve  prelates  in  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  who  bear  this  title,  namely:  Constantinople,  Alexandria,  Antioch,  Jerusalem, 
Venice,  West  Indies,  Lisbon,  Antioch  of  the  Greek  Melchites,  Antioch  of  the  Maronites,  Anti 
och  of  the  Syrians,  Babylon  of  the  Chaldeans,  Cilicia  of  the  Armenians.  (The  Patriarch  of  the 
West  Indies  resides  at  the  court  of  Madrid,  and  is  Grand  Almoner  of  the  Sovereign,  and  Vicar- 
General  of  the  Army  and  the  Fleet). 

The  following  list  contains  the  names  of  all  Archbishoprics  and  the  number  of  Bishoprics  in 
every  country: 

America.  United  States.  Archbishoprics,  7 :  New  York,  Baltimore,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis, 
New  Orleans,  San  Francisco,  Oregon  City.  Bishoprics,  46,  the  dioceses  (Archbishoprics  and 
the  Bishoprics)  are  divided  among  the  seven  provinces  as  follows : 

Province  of  Baltimore  comprises  the  dioceses  of  Baltimore,  Charleston,  Erie,  Harrisburg, 
Philadelphia,  Pittsburg,  Richmond,  Savannah,  Scranton,  Wheeling,  and  Wilmington,  (Del.,) 
with  the  vica'riates  Apostolic  of  North  Carolina  and  Florida,  and  extends  over  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  the  States  of  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware.  Virginia,  North  and  South  Caro 
lina,  Georgia,  and  the  eastern  section  of  Florida.  Province  of  Cincinnati  embraces  the  dioceses 
of  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Covington,  Detroit,  Fort  Wayne,  Louisville,  Marquette 
and  Vincennes.  including  the  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan,  and  Kentucky.  Province  of 
New  Orleans,  La.,  comprises  the  dioceses  of  New  Orleans,  Galveston,  Little  Rock,  Mobile,  Nat 
chez,  and  Natchitoches,  and  includes  the  States  of  Louisiana,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Texas,  and 
Arkansas.  Province  of  New  York  includes  the  dioceses  of  New  York,  Albany,  Boston,  Brook 
lyn,  Buffalo,  Burlington,  Hartford,  Newark,  Portland,  Rochester,  and  includes  New  England, 
New  York,  and  New  Jersey.  Province  of  Oregon  City  includes  the  dioceses  of  Oregon  City, 
Nesqualy,  Vancouver  Island,  and  the  vicariate  of  British  Columbia.  Province  of  St.  Lords  com 
prises  the  dioceses  of  St.  Louis,  Alton,  Chicago,  Dubuque,  Green  Bay,  La  Crosse,  Milwaukee, 
Nashville,  Santa  Fe,  St.  Joseph,  St.  Paul,  the  vicariates  apostolic  of  Kansas,  the  Indian  Terri 
tory,  Nebraska,  Idaho,  Colorado  and  Montana,  and  embraces  Missouri,  Tennessee,  Illinois, 
Wisconsin.  lown,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Minnesota,  Dacotah,  New  Mexico,  Colorado,  Arizona,  and 
the  Indian  Territory.  Province  of  San  Francisco  comprises  the  dioceses  of  San  Francisco, 
Grass  Valley,  Monterey,  and  Los  Angelos,  and  embraces  the  States  of  California  and  Nevada, 
and  all  the  territory  east  to  the  Rio  Colorado. 

British  Possessions.    Archbishoprics,  3 :  Quebec,  Halifax,  Port  of  Spain.    Bishoprics,  16. 

Mexico.    Archbishoprics,  3 :  Mexico,  Guadalajara,  Michoacan.    Bishoprics,  11. 

Central  America.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Guatemala.    Bishoprics,  4. 

Spanish  Possessions.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Santiago  de  Cuba.    Bishoprics,  2. 

French  Possessions.    Bishoprics,  2. 

United  States  of  Colombia.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota.    Bishoprics,  6. 

Venezuela.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Caraccas.    Bishoprics,  3. 

Ecuador.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Quito.    Bishoprics,  2. 

Bolivia.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Chuquisaca.    Bishoprics,  3. 

Peru.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Lima.    Bishoprics,  5. 

Argentine  Confederation  (including  Buenos  Ayres).  Archbishopric,!:  Buenos Ayrcs.  Bish 
oprics,  4. 

BrazU.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Bahia.    Bishoprics,  11. 

ChUi.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Santiago.    Bishoprics,  3. 

Uruguay.    Bishopric,  1. 

Paraguay.    Bishopric,  1. 

Dominican  Republic.    Archbishopric,  1 :  San  Domingo. 

Hayti.    Archbishopric,  1 :  Port-au-Prince. 

Europe.  Italy  and  Papal  States.  Archbishoprics,  46:  Acercnza  et  Matera,  Amalfl,  Bari, 
Benevento,  Bologna,  Brindisi,  Cagliari,  Camerino,  Capua,  Chieti,  Conza,  Cosenza,  Fermo,  Fer- 
rara,  Florence,  Gaeta,  Genoa,  Lanciano,  Lucca,  Manfredonia,  Messina,  Milan,  Modena,  Monreale, 
Naples,  Oristano,  Otranto,  Palermo,  Pisa,  Ravenna,  Rcggio,  Rossano,  Salerno  et  Acerno,  Sas- 
sari,  St.  Severina,  Siena,  Sorrento,  Spoleto,  Syracuse,  Tarento,  Trani  et  Nazaret,  Turin,  Urbino, 
Udine,  Vercelli,  Venice.  Bishoprics,  202. 

France.  Archbishoprics,  17 :  Besancon,  Bordeaux,  Chambery,  Lyons  et  Vienne,  Paris,  Rheimi?, 
Aix,  Albi,  Auch,  Avignon,  Bourges,  Cambray,  Rennes,  Rouen,  Sens  et  Auxerre,  Toulouse  et 
Narbonne,  Tours.  Bishoprics  (exclusive  of  the  Colonies),  65. 

Spain  (inclusive  of  the  Balearic  and  Canarian  Islands).  Archbishoprics,  9:  Burgos,  Santiago, 
Grenada,  Saragossa,  Toledo,  Tarragona,  Sevilla,  Valencia,  Valladolid.  Bishoprics,  50. 


614  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Portugal  (exclusive  of  Madeira,  and  the  Azores,  for  which  see  Africa).  Archbishoprics,  3 ; 
Lisbon,  Braga,  Evora.  Bishoprics,  14. 

Belgium.    Archbishopric,  1 ;  Malines.    Bishoprics,  5. 

Holland.    Archbishopric,  1 ;  Utrecht.    Bishoprics,  4. 

Great  Britain.  Archbishoprics,  6;  Westminster  (England) ;  Armagh,  Cashel,  Tuani,  Dublin, 
(Ireland) ;  Malta.  Bishoprics,  England,  12 ;  Ireland,  24. 

Austria.  Archbishoprics,  14;  Agram,  Colocza,  Erlau,  Fogaras  (Greek),  Gran,  Goeritz  et 
Gradisca,  Lemburg  (one  Latin,  one  Greek,  and  one  Armenian),  Olmutz,  Prague,  Saleburg, 
Vienna,  Zara.  Bishoprics,  47  (among  which  are  seven  of  the  United  Greeks). 

Prussia.    Archbishoprics,  2 ;  Cologne,  Posen  et  Gnesen.    Bishoprics,  10. 

Bavaria.    Archbishoprics,  2 ;  Munich,  Bamberg.    Bishoprics,  6. 

Baden.    Archbishopric,  1 ;  Freiburg. 

Other  German  States.    Bishoprics,  2. 

Switzerland.    Bishoprics,  5. 

Russia  (including  Poland).  Archbishoprics,  3;  Mohilew,  Polocz  (United  Greek),  Warsaw, 
Poland.  Bishoprics,  Russia,  10 ;  Poland,  8. 

Turkey.  Bishoprics,  6 ;  Vicariates  Apostolic,  6.  Archbishoprics  (including  1  Patriarchate), 
5  ;  Antivari,  Durazzo,  Scopia  (administered  by  a  Bishop  in  partibus,  f  s  Administrator  Apos 
tolic)  ;  Constantinople,  Latin  Patriarchate,  administered  by  a  Provicar  Apostolic ;  Constanti 
nople,  Armenian  Archbishop  Primate. 

Greece.    Archbishoprics,  2:  Corfu,  Naxos.    Bishoprics,  5. 

Asia.  Turkey.  Archbishoprics,  18 ;  Aleppo  (United  Syrian  Archbishopric) ;  Amadie 
(Chaldean  Archbishopric) ;  Antioch,  4  patriarchs,  (1  Latin,  1  Melchite,  1  Maronite,  1  Syrian) : 
Babylon,  2,  (1  Chaldean  Patriarch,  1  Latin  Archbishopric) ;  Cilicia,  1  Armenian  Patriarch ; 
Damascus,  3,  (1  Maronite  Archbishopric,  1  Syrian  Archbishopric,  1  Greek  Archbishopric,  admin 
istered  by  the  Greek  Patriarch  of  Antioch) ;  Jerusalem,  1  Latin  Patriarch ;  Smyrna,  Tyre,  1 
Melchite  Archbishopric ;  Seleucia,  3  (Chaldean,  Armenian,  Syrian).  Bishoprics,  Latin  rite,  2 ; 
Greek,  9 ;  Chaldean,  4 ;  Armenian,  9 ;  Syrian,  8 ;  Maronite,  6.  Total,  38. 

Persia.  Bishoprics,  4 ;  1  Armenian,  1  Latin  (connected  at  present  with  Babylon,  Turkey), 
2  Chaldean. 

India.    Archbishopric,  1 ;  Goa.    Bishoprics,  3. 

Spanish  Possessions  (Philippine  Islands).  \  Archbishopric,  1.    Bishoprics,  3. 

China.    Bishopric,  1. 

Africa.  Archbishopric,  1 ;  Algiers.  Bishoprics,  Portuguese  possessions,  5;  French  posses 
sions,  4;  English  possessions,  1;  Spanish  possessions  (including  the  See  of  Tangier),  2. 

Australasia  and  Polynesia.    Archbishoprics.    Sidney,!.    Bishoprics,  8. 

VicariatJis  Apostolic,  7 ;  the  groups  of  Mangareva,  Tahiti,  Paumotoo  ;  the  Sandwich  Islands ; 
the  Marquesas  group ;  Central  Oceanica ;  the  Navigators1  Islands  ;  New  Caledonia ;  Melanesia 
and  Micronesia. 

4.  (Ecumenical  Councils.     The  Catholic  Church  recognizes  nineteen  General  or  (Ecu 
menical  Councils,  the  first  of  which  was  that  of  the  Apostles,  at  Jerusalem,  A.  D.  50.    The  others 
were  held  as  follows:  1st  of  Nice,  in  Bithynia,  A.  D.  325  ;  1st  of  Constantinople,  A.  D.  381 :  1st 
of  Ephesus,  A.  D.  431 ;  Chalcedon,  A.  D.  451 ;  2d  of  Constantinople,  A.  D.  533 ;  3d  of  Constanti 
nople,  A.  D.  (580  ;  2d  of  Nice,  A.  D.  787 ;  4th  of  Constantinople,  A.  D.  869 ;  4  councils  of  Lateran, 
Rome,  A.  D.  1123,  1139, 1179,  and  1215 ;    1st  and  2d  of  Lyons,  A.  D.  1245,  1274 ;    Vienna,  in  Dau- 
phiny,  A.  D.  1311 ;  Constance,  A.  D.  1414;  Basle,  A.  D.  1431 ;  Trent,  A.  D.  1545. 

The  Councils  of  Pisa  in  1409,  of  Florence  in  1439,  and  the  5th  of  the  Lateran,  in  1512,  are  re 
garded  by  some  as  ceecumenical.  The  conference  of  1854,  when  the  dogma  of  the  immaculate 
conception  was  proclaimed,  was  not  an  oacumenical  council. 

A  new  (Ecumenical  Council  has  been  called  by  Pope  Pius  IX.  to  meet  at  Rome,  on  December 
8,  1869. 

5.  National  and  Provincial  Councils  and  Diocesan  Synods.    Meetings  of  all  the 
bishops  of  a  country  under  the  presidency  of  one  of  the  Archbishops  who  either  has  the  title 
of  Primate,  or  has  been  designated  by  the  Pope  as  the  first  among  the  Archbishops,  are  called 
National  Councils.     In  the  United  States  a  National  Council  is  to  meet  every  tenth  year.    The 
last  was  held  in  1866,  at  Baltimore,  under  the  presidency  of  the  Archbishop  of  Baltimore. 

Provincial  Councils  are  the  meetings  of  the  bishops  belonging  to  an  ecclesiastical  province, 
under  the  presidency  of  the  Archbishop  of  the  Piovince. 

Diocesan  Synods  are  the  meetings  of  the  clergy  of  a  diocese,  under  the  presidency  of  the 
Bishop  of  the  diocese. 


1869.]  RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD.  Cl«l 

6.  Monastic  Orders.  The  fullest  statistics  of  the  monastic  institutions  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  are  to  he  found  in  the  work,  Statistiscfies  Jakibuck  der  Kirche  (Statistical  Year- 
Book  of  the  Church :  Ratisbon,  1803).  The  author,  a  Carmelite  monk,  gives,  in  alphabetical 
arrangement,  a  list  of  all  male  and  female  monastic  orders,  and,  under  the  head  of  each  order, 
similarly  arranged,  the  names  of  all  monasteries  existing  at  that  time.  He  estimates  the 
number  of  male  monasteries  and  establishments  at  8,000,  and  the  aggregate  number  of  their 
members  at  117,500.  The  number  of  female  monasteries  and  establishments  is  estimated  at 
10,000,  and  the  aggregate  number  of  their  members  at  189.000. 

The  following  are  the  statistics  of  some  of  the  principal  male  Monastic  orders  :  Franciscans, 
50,000;  School  Brethren,  16,000;  Jesuits,  8,000;  Congregations  for  nursing  the  sick,  6,000;  Ben 
edictines,  5,000;  Dominicans,  4,000;  Carmelites,  4,000;  Trappists,  4,000;  Lazarists,  2,000; 
Piarists,  2,000;  Redemptorists,  2,000. 

IV.     THE  ORIENTAL  CHURCHES. 

The  Greek  Church.  This  is  by  far  the  most  numerous  among  the  Oriental  Churches.  It 
consists  of  10  different  groups,  which  in  point  of  administration  are  independent  of  each  other, 
namely : 

1.  The  Patriarchate  of  Jerusalem;  which  has  13  Sees,  (Metropolitical  and  1  Archiepiscopal). 
2.  The  Patriarchate  of  Antioch;  6  Mctropolitical  Sees.  3.  The  Patriarchate  of  Alexandria: 
4  Metropolitical  Sees.  4.  The  Patriarchate  of  Constantinople ;  1:35  Sees  (90  Metropolitical  and  4 
Archiepiscopal).  5.  The  Patriarchate  of  Russia;  65  Sees  (5  Metropolitical,  25  Archiepiscopal). 
6.  The  Patriarchate  of  Cyprus  ;  4  Sees,  (of  which  1  is  Archiepiscopal).  7.  The  Patriarchate  oi 
Austria;  11  Sees,  (2  Metropolitical).  8.  The  Patriarchate  of  Mt.  Sinai ;  1  See.  9.  The  Patri 
archate  of  Montenegro  ;  1  Metropolitical  Sec.  10.  The  Patriarchate  of  Greece  ;  24  Sees.  (The 
Archbishop  of  Athens  is  ex  offlcio  President  of  the  Holy  Synod). 

The  statistics  of  the  Greek  Church,  reported  in  1867,  were  as  follows:  Russia,  total,  57.161,000; 
Turkey,  inclusive  of  the  dependencies  in  Europe  and  Egypt,  13,300,000;  Austria,  3,200,000; 
Greece,  (inclusive  of  the  Ionian  Islands),  1,270.000;  North  German  Confederation,  2,000  ;  Uni 
ted  States  of  America,  10,000;  China,  1,000:  total,  74.944,000. 

The  Armenian  Church.  The  number  of  Armenians  is  estimated  by  Dr.  Petermaun, 
one  of  the  highest  authorities  on  ethnographical  subjects,  at  2,500,000.  Of  these,  about  100,000 
are  connected  with  Rome  (United  Armenians).  15,000  are  Evangelical  Armenians,  and  all  the 
others  belong  to  the  National  (or  Gregorian)  Armenian  Church.  Of  late,  efforts  have  been  made 
both  in  Russia  and  Turkey  to  prepare  the  way  for  a  union  of  the  Armenian  with  the  Greek 
Church.  Russia,  according  to  an  official  report  of  the  Ministry  of  Popular  Enlightenment,  had 
in  1851,  22,253  Catholic  (united)  Arrnenians,  and  372,535  '•  Gregorian  "  (non-united)  Armenians. 
According  to  a  later  estimate,  there  were  35,000  Armenians  in  European  and  500.000  in  Asiatic 
Russia.  The  Armenian  population  of  Turkey  is  estimated  at  2,000,000,  Persia  has  about  30,000. 
The  highest  bishop  of  the  Armenian  Church  resides  at  Etchmiatsin,  in  Asiatic  Russia. 

The  Nestorians,  called  after  Nestorius.  a  patriarch  of  Constantinople  in  the  5th  century, 
were  condemned  by  the  (Ecumenical  Council  of  Ephcsus  in  431,  for  maintaining  that  there  was  a 
great  distinction  between  Christ  the  Son  of  God  and  Christ  the  Son  of  Man  ;  and  that  it  was 
only  the  human  nature  of  Christ  that  was  bom  of  the  Virgin  Mary. 

The  number  of  Nestorians  in  Turkey  was  reported  in  1S33,  as  10,054  families,  or  70,000  persons, 
but  other  statements  give  higher  figures.  In  Persia,  the  number  is  estimated  at  15.000.  In 
India,  the  Nestorians  are  commonly  known  under  the  name  of  Christians  of  St.  Thomas,  of 
whom  there  are  about  70,000.  In  Turkey,  the  Nestorians  have  a  Patriarch  at  Diz  (Mosul),  and 
18  bishops. 

Since  1833,  the  American  missionaries  have  labored  among  the  Nestorians,  and  formed  a  num 
ber  of  Evangelical  Congregations.  Those  Nestorians  who  have  united  with  Rome,  are  generally 
called  Chaldeans.  They  number  about  80,000,  and  have  a  patriarch  bearing  the  title  of  Patri 
arch  of  Babylon  ;  and  residing  at  Bagdad,  archbishops  at  Amadia  and  Seleucia,  in  Asiatic  Tur 
key ;  four  bishops  in  Turkey  and  two  in  Persia. 

The  Jacobites,  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Monophysites  (see  Armenians,  Copts,  Abyssin- 
ians).  They  are  called  after  the  monk  Jacob  Baradai,  who  in  the  middle  of  the  6th  century, 
re-organized  the  persecuted  Monophysites  of  Syria. 

The  Jacobites  have  a  patriarch  with  the  title  Patriarch  of  Antioch,  at  Caramit  (Diarbckir).  a 
maphrian  (head  of  the  Eastern  Jacobites),  in  a  convent  near  Mosul.  Besides,  there  are  said  to 
be  21  bishops  in  Asiatic  Turkey.  The  number  of  families  in  Turkey  is  variously  estimated  from 
10,400  to  34,000.  It  is  said  that  there  are  about  200,000  Jacobites  living  in  East  India  (in  Malabar 


616 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1SC9. 


and  Travancore),  who  have  four  bishop?,  one  of  whom  lives  in  Cochin.  A  number  of  Jacobites 
have  joined  the  communion  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  are  generally  called  the  United 
Syrians.  They  retain  the  old  rite  of  the  Syrian  Churches,  and  the  use  of  the  old  Syrian  language 
at  divine  service.  Those  in  Turkey  have  a  patriarch  at  Aleppo,  and  several  bishops.  In  India, 
there  are  about  90,000  United  Syrians,  who  retain  their  own  rites,  and  about  60,000  who  have 
entirely  identified  themselves  with  the  Latin  rite. 

The  Copts  is  the  name  of  the  Monophysites  in  Etrypt  (see  Armenians).  The  head  of  the 
Church  is  the  Patriarch  of  Alexandria,  who  resides  at  Cairo,  with  jurisdiction  also  extending 
over  Nubia  and  Abyssinia,  and  the  right  of  consecrating  the  Abuna  (patriarch)  of  the  latter 
country;  16  bishops  and  14(5  churches  and  convents.  The  population  is  variously  estimated  at 
from  150,000  to  250,000,  of  whom  about  10,000  are  in  Cairo.  Of  the  Copts,  about  13,000  have 
united  with  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  (United  Copts). 

The  Abyssinians.  The  Christians  of  Abyssinia  are  Monophysites  like  the  Copts.  They 
number  about  3,000,000. 


V.     THE  PROTESTANT  CHURCHES. 

Divisions  of  Protestantism.  The  name  Protestant  originated  in  1529,  in  Germany,  at 
t.ie  Diet  of  Spire,  when  the  Evangelical  estates  refused  to  submit  to  a  resolution  passed  by  the 
majority  of  the  Diet,  by  which  all  further  innovations  in  religious  matters  were  prohibited  until 
the  convocation  of  an  (Ecumenical  Council.  But  it  has  since  come  into  general  use  as  the  col 
lective  designation  of  all  Christians  not  belonging  to  either  the  Church  of  Rome,  or  the  Eastern 
Churches,  inclusive  even  of  those  who,  like  the  Waldensians  originated  before  the  Reformation 
of  the  sixteenth  century.  In  some  of  the  Churches  embraced  under  these  divisions,  there  are 
parties,  objecting  to  being  included  In  this  class.  We  follow  the  almost  universal  classification 
of  statisticians. 

There  is  no  division  of  the  Protestant  Churches  that  is  generally  accepted.  The  name  "  evan 
gelical11  has  come  into  frequent  use.  to  designate  one  class  of  Protestant  denomination.  In 
1845,  the  "Evangelical  Alliance1'  was  organized  in  Liverpool,  to  be  a  common  bond  of  union 
of  the  denominations  called  evangelical.  Membership  ol  the  Alliance  was  made  dependent 
upon  nine  tenets,  among  which  were,  the  Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures,  the  Trinity,  the  utter 
depravity  of  human  nature,  the  Divinity  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  atonement,  justification  by 
faith  alone,  and  the  divine  institution  of  the  sacraments  of  Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper. 
These  tenets  were,  however,  not  generally  accepted  by  those  who  sympathised  with  and  took 
part  in  the  operations  of  the  Alliance.  General  meetings  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance,  attended 
by  delegates  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  were  held  at  the  following  places  :  1.  London,  184G  ; 
2.  Paris,  1&55;  3.  Berlin,  1857  ;  4.  Geneva.  1860;  5.  Amsterdam,  1867.  The  sixth  general  meet 
ing  is  to  be  held  in  New  York  in  October,  1869. 

The  Principal  Protestant  Denominations.  Below  we  give  in  alphabetical  order  the 
principal  divisions  of  Protestantism,  especially  those  in  the  United  States. 

Anglican  Church.  The  Anglican  Church  consists  of  the  following  branches  :  1.  The 
Established  Church  of  England;  2.  The  Church  of  Ireland  ;  3.  The  Scotch  Episcopal  Church; 
4.  The  Church  in  the  British  Colonies  ;  5.  The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States. 
There  is  besides,  one  Anglican  Church  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  several  missionary  bishops 
in  Asia  and  Africa.  All  the  bishops  of  the  above  branches  were,  in  1867,  invited  by  the  late 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  to  a  so-called  Pan-Anglican  Synod.  The  Synod,  the  first  of  its  kind, 
was  opened  on  Sept.  24,  and  was  attended  by  seventy-six  bishops.  A  hope  was  expressed  that 
this  meeting  might  be  followed  by  other  similar  ones. 

Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  the  United  States.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1868,  the  statistics 
of  this  Church  were  as  follows  : 


Dioceses. 

Alabama 
California 
Connecticut 
Delaware 


Florida 738 

Georsria 2,428 

Illinois 5.280 

Indiana 2,102 

Iowa 1,684 

Kansas 373 

Kentucky *2.796 

Louisiana 1.864 


Communicants.  Dioceses.  Communicants. 

2,001        Maine 1.632 

tl,500       Maryland 12,269 

15,934       Massachusetts 10,867 

1,472        Michigan 5.568 

Minnesota 2.280 

Mississippi 1,540 

Missouri 2,061 

Nebraska 701 

New  Hampshire 1,235 

New  Jersey 9.140 

New  York 33.300 

North  Carolina 3,033 


Dioceses.  Communicants. 

Ohio 8,023 

Pennsylvania 20,445 

Pittsburgh 2,883 

Rhode  Island 4,443 

South  Carolina 3,074 

Tennessee 1,256 

Texas 1,500 

Vermont 2,361 

Virginia 7,575 

Western  New  York 16.761 

Wisconsin 4,573 


t  Estimated. 


*  Taken  from  the  journal  of  1867. 


1SG9.] 


RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OP  THE  WORLD. 


617 


The  General  Triennial  Convention  of  1868,  admitted  the  diocese  of  Nebraska,  and  authorized 
the  division  of  the  dioceses  of  Western  New  York  and  Maryland  into  two,  and  the  division  of 
the  diocese  of  New  York  into  three  dioceses.  There  are  several  missionary  bishops  in  the 
United  States,  one  missionary  bishop  for  Western  Africa,  and  one  for  China  and  Japan.  Total 
number  of  dioceses,  November,  18(58,  39;  bishops,  47;  bishops  elect,  2;  priests  and  deacons, 
2,687;  whole  number  of  clergy,  2.736 ;  parishes,  2,472;  ordinations,  206;  candidates  for  orders, 
331;  churches  consecrated,  38;  baptisms  of  infants,  26,835,  of  adults.  7,067,  not  stated,  1,800; 
total  baptisms,  35,702;  confirmations,  21,958;  communicants,  increase  in  27  dioceses  during 
past  year,  14,365;  present  number,  194,692;  marriages,  9,945;  burials,  15,346;  Sunday  school 
teachers,  21,711;  scholars,  194,046  ;  contributions,  $4,457,888.28. 

Oilier  Anglican  Churches.  The  number  of  bishops  and  clergymen  of  the  other  branches  of 
the  Anglican  Churches  is  as  follows  : 

The  Established  Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  and  the  Scotch  Episcopal  Church.  England 
(including  the  two  archbishops  of  Canterbury  and  York),  28  bishops,  about  19,000  clergy;  Ire- 
laud  (including  the  two  archbishops  of  Armagh  and  Dublin),  12  bishops,  about  2,200  clergy; 
Scotland,  8  bishops,  about  162  clergy  ;  the  Colonies  (including  India,  Melanesia  and  Sandwich 
Islands),  51  bishops,  about  2,000  clergy ;  retired  bishops,  6:  total,  105  bishops,  23.362  clergy. 
In  England  there  are  5,764,543  Church  sittings;  in  Scotland,  165  churches  and  94  schools.  In 
England,  it  is  estimated  that  from  60  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  total  population  belong  to  the  Estab 
lished  Church.  In  Ireland,  the  Established  Church  embraced  a  population,  according  to  the 
census  of  1861,  of  693,357.  The  membership  of  the  Scotch  is  estimated  at  1|  per  cent,  of  the 
population. 

Baptists.  The  Baptists  are  divided  into  a  number  of  denominations  ;  the  following  are  the 
most  important : 

Regular  Baptist  sin  America.  The  following  shows  the  number  of  Regular  Baptists  in  the 
United  States  in  1866,  as  published  by  the  Baptist  Almanac  for  1868 : 


States.  »         Member*. 

Alabama,  1860 61.219 

Arkansas,  1860 11,341 

California    1,991 

Connecticut 18,447 

Delaware 609 

District  of  Columbia  ...  2,102 

Florida,  1860 6,403 

Georgia,  1860 84.567 

Illinois 46,129 

Indiana 29,103 

Indian  Territory,  1860. .  4,300 

Iowa 14.377 

Kansas,  1865 1,119 

Kentucky,  1865 81,631 


States. 

Louisiana,  1860 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi,  1860. 

Missouri 

Nebraska,  18(>5... 
New  Hampshire.. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico,  1864... 

New  York 

North  Carolina,  1860. 


Members.  States.                                        Members. 

. .  10.2(34  Ohio 33.8U9 

..19.870  Oregon 1.082 

. .  4,348  Pennsylvania 47,700 

.  .37.948  Rhode  Island 8,537 

..15^378  South  Carolina,  I860..  62,98i 

..  3,434  Tennessee,  1860 46,564 

..41  .MO  Texas 19,089 

.  .44,877  Vermont 7,714 

. .  217  Virginia 116,526 

. .  7.718  West  Virginia 12,774 

..21,094  Wisconsin 8.891 

49  Germ.  &  Dutch  Church  3,896 

..91,928  Swedish  Churches....  GOO 

.60,532  Welsh  Churches,  I860..    1,400 


Total 1,094,806 

The  total  number  of  ministers  (reported  at  the  dates  above  given  in  the  several  states)  is 
8,346,  and  of  baptisms,  92,075.    The  number  of  Associations  was  609,  of  churches,  12,955. 
The  number  in  British  America  is  as  follows : 


Assoc.    Churches.   Members. 

Nova  Scotia 3 155 16,808 

New  Brunswick 2. ..  .119. ...  8,755 


Assoc.    Churches.   Members. 

Canada. 11 275 15.091 

West  India  Islands. .  4 101 22,261 


Grand  total  in  North  America 22       650       62,415 

These  provinces  report  444  ministers  and  2,036  baptisms. 

Free  TT?#  Baptists  in  the  United  States  and  British  America.  This  denomination  held  in  1867, 
29  yearly  meetings  and  148  quarterly  meetings.  It  numlered  1,276  Churches,  1,100  ordained 
preachers,  and  59,211  communicants.  At  the  Triennial  Convention  held  in  1868,  several  associ 
ations  of  "General  Baptists"  united  with  this  denomination,  increasing  the  membership  to 
63.543. 

Other  Baptist  Denominations  of  America.  The  statistics  of  the  other  Baptist  bodies  in  Amer 
ica  are  reported  by  the  "Baptist  Almanac  for  1868,"  as  follows ; 

Member?.  Members. 

Anti-Mission  Baptists 105.000  Church  of  God  (Winebrenarians). .  32.000 

Free-Will  Baptists 56.258  Disciples  (CampbelHtes) 500.000 

Six-Principle  Baptists,  1860 3.000  Tunkers,  1860 20,000 

Seventh-Day  Baptists 7,038  Menuouites,  1860 36,230 

These  denominations  together  have  5,022  ministers. 


(Jig  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [i860. 

Baptists  in  Great  Britain.  In  April,  18G6,  2.023  churches  reported  209,773  members ;  but  400 
small  churches  are  still  unreported.  The  following  statistics  of  other  Baptists  iu  Great  Britain 
are  given  by  the  census  of  1851 : 

In  England.        ,  Churches.         Sittings.  In  England.  Churches.        Sittings. 

General  Baptists 92 20.539        Scottish  Baptists  (in  Eng.).  15 2,547 

Seventh-Day  Baptists 2 390       Baptists  in  Scotland 119 2£,076 

New  connect.  Gen.  Bapt.. .182 52,064 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Christian  (Campbellite)  Churches  of  England,  Scotland,  Ireland 

and  Wales,  which  was  held  at  Nottingham  in  August,  1866,  reported  the  membership  of  the 

Churches  represented  as  4,607. 

Baptists  on  the  Continent,  of  Europe.  The  membership  of  the  Baptist  Churches  in  the  coun 
tries  of  the  European  continent  was,  in  1867,  as  follows : 

Members.  Members.  Member?. 

France 358        Holland 52       Poland 312 

Germany 11.804        Switzerland 292        Russia 857 

Denmark 1,726        France  (Germ,  miss.) . .       96       Sweden 6,875 

Total 22,462 

Asia  and  Australia.  The  Asiatic  Missions  in  Burmah  and  the  neighboring  kingdoms,  Siam. 
and  China,  embrace  about  16,000  members.  The  latest  statistics  give  3,424  Baptists  in  South 
Australia,  and  9,601  in  Victoria. 

Congregationalists.  Congregationalists  in  America.  The  statistics  of  Congregationalism 
in  America  were,  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  1869,  as  follows  : 

States.  Members.  States.  Members. 

Alabama 25       North  Carolina — 

California 1,990        Ohio 15,172 

Colorado 105        Oregon 413 

Connecticut 48,599        Pennsylvania 3,404 

Dakotah 14       Rhode  Island 3,835 

District  of  Columbia 247        South  Carolina 214 

Georgia 91        Tennessee 126 

Illinois 17,877       Texas 22 

Indiana 931       Utah  Territory 18 

Iowa 8,828        Vermont 18,323 

Kansas 1,434       Virginia 44 

Louisiana \.       28       Washington  Territory 24 

Maine 19,871        Wisconsin 10,599 

Maryland 73 

Massachusetts 79,526  Total  United  States 291,042 

Michigan 10,123       Ontario  and  Quebec 4,253 

Minnesota 2,751        New  Brunswick 383 

Missouri 1,505       Nova  Scotia 545 

Nebraska 271        Jamaica 451 

New  Hampshire 18,201 

New  Jersey 1,642  Total  in  America 296.674 

New  York 24,711  Total  in  1867 283,587 

The  number  of  absent  members  in  the  United  States  was  34,915 ;  in  all  America,  35,396 
(against  34,372  in  1867).  Total  number  of  ministers  in  the  United  States,  3,070 ;  in  all  America, 
3.156;  number  of  pupils  in  Sunday  schools  in  United  States,  339,205  ;  in  all  America,  346,766. 

Congregationalism  in  England  and  the  English  Colonies.  The  Congregatioualists  in  Great  Brit 
ain  and  the  British  Colonies  arc  commonly  called  Independents.  There  were,  in  1867,  in  Great 
Britain  and  her  dependencies,  3,330  Independent  Churches,  with  1,613  out-stations  and  mission- 
rooms,  under  the  superintendence  of  2,876  Independent  ministers,  whose  labors  are  supple 
mented  by  2,326  evangelists  and  lay  preachers.  The  denomination  has  76  associations  and 
unions,  27  colleges  and  institutes,  with  386  students  under  training  for  ministerial  and  mission 
ary  work. 

The  Friends.  In  the  United  States,  the  Friends  number  100,000,  belonging  to  8  Yearly 
Meetings.  A  Yearly  Meeting  has  also  recently  been  organized  in  Canada.  The  separate  organiza 
tion  of  the  "Hicksite"'  (Liberal)  Friends  numbers  about  10,000  members  in  6  Yearly  Meetings.  The 
Friends  in  England  numbered  in  1867,  13,786  members. 

Lutherans.  Lutherans  in  the  United  States.  The  Lutherans  in  the  United  States  belong  to 
four  different  groups,  namely:  Synods  connected  with  the  General  Synod,  Synods  connected 
with  the  General  Council,  Synods  connected  with  the  (Southern)  General  Synod  of  North  Amer 
ica,  and  independent  Synods.  The  statistics  of  these  four  groups,  in  1868,  were  as  follows: 


1869. J  RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD.  619 

I.     SYNODS  CONNECTED  WITH  THE  GENERAL  SYNOD  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants. 

1.  Synod  of  New  York 1,642  12.  Melancthon  Synod,  (Md.) 3,755 

2.  Hartwick  Synod,  (N.  Y.) 4,109  13.  East  Ohio  Synod 3,8:38 

3.  Franckean  Synod,  (N.  Y.) 2,479  14.  Wittenberg  Synod,  (Ohio) 3,678 

4.  Synod  of  New  Jersey 1,697  15.  Miami  Synod,  (Ohio) 3,405 

5.  Synod  of  East  Pennsylvania 13,034  16.  Synod  of  Northern  Indiana 3,415 

6.  Susquehanna  Synod,  (Penn.) 4,661  17.  Olive  Branch  Synod,  (Ind.) 1,576 

7.  Synod  of  West  Pennsylvania 12,416  18.  Synod  of  Northern  Illinois 2,105 

8.  Synod  of  Central  Pennsylvania 4,825  19.  Synod  of  Southern  Illinois 817 

9.  Alleghany  Synod  (Penn.) 6,734  20.  Synod  of  Central  Illinois ....            .  1,410 

10.  Pittsbtirg  Synod  (Penn.) 1,756       21.  Synod  of  Iowa 1,171 

11.  Synod  of  Maryland 8,347  

86,770 
II.    SYNODS  OF  THE  "GENERAL  COUNCIL." 

Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants. 

1.  New  York  Ministerium 12,000         7.  Synod  of  Wisconsin 12,750 

2.  Synod  of  Pennsylvania 50,000         8.  Synod  of  Michigan 3,035 

3.  Pittsbtirg  Synod,  (Penn.) 9,000         9.  Synod  of  Iowa 7,000 

4.  Eng.  Dist.  Synod  of  Joint  S'dof  Ohio.10,000       10.  Synod  of  Minnesota 3,000 

5.  English  Synod  of  Ohio 2,500        11.  Scandinavian  Augustana  Synod 11,800 

6.  Synod  of  Illinois 5,000       12.  Synod  of  Canada 7,211 

133,296 
III.    SYNODS  CONNECTED  WITH  THE  (SOUTHERN)  GENERAL  SYNOD  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants. 

1.  Synod  of  Virginia 3,200       4.  Synod  of  South  Carolina 4,817 

2.  Synod  of  South- West  Virginia 2,179        5.  Synod  of  Georgia 1,200 

3.  Synod  of  North  Carolina 3,716       6.  Holston  Synod  (Teun.) 2,000 

17,112 
TV.    SYNODS  NOT  CONNECTED  WITH  ANY  GENERAL  SYNOD  OR  GENERAL  COUNCIL. 

Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants 

1.  Joint  Synod  of  Ohio 30,500         7.  Buffalo  Synod.  (N.  Y.) 5,000 

2.  Joint  Synod  of  Missouri 39,000  8.  German  Synod  of  New  York             .  1  800 

3.  Norwegian  Synod,  (Wis.  etc.) 20.000         9.  Synod  of  Mississippi 2,000 

4.  Tennessee  Synod 5,800  10.  Missionary  Synod  of  the  West.   ...       700 

5.  Elison's  Synod 2,000        11.  Concordia  Synod  of  Virginia 1,000 

6.  Union  Synod,  (Ind.) 2,210       12.  Synod  of  Texas 7 2,800 

112,910 
Grand  Total— 51  Synods,  1,792  Ministers,  3,182  Churches,  350,088  Communicants. 

Lutherans  in  Europe.  In  Prussia  and  a  number  of  other  States  the  Lutherans  and  the 
Reformed  churches  have  been  fused  into  the  "United  Evangelical  Church."  The  Lutheran 
element  prevails  in  the  Protestant  State  Church  of  nearly  every  German  State.  In  Wurtemberg. 
the  greater  part  of  Bavaria,  Hanover,  Schleswig-Holstcin,  Mecklenburg,  the  principalities  of 
Reuss  and  Schwarzburg,  the  union  of  Lutherans  and  Reformed  has  not  been  introduced,  and 
nearly  the  whole  Protestant  population  belongs  to  the  Lutheran  Church. 

The  Lutheran  Church  is  the  State  Church  in  all  the  Scandinavian  States— Sweden.  Norway 
and  Denmark,  and  nearly  the  whole  population  belongs  to  it.  Austria  has  1,218,750  Lutherans. 
France  has  44  consistories  and  232  parishes.  The  Lutheran  population  is  about  500,000,  mostly 
in  the  Alsace.  In  Russia  the  Lutheran  Church  is  the  predominant  church  in  the  Baltic  prov 
inces  and  in  Finland.  The  Lutheran  population  of  Poland  is  382,000,  and  of  Finland  1,787,000. 
In  Holland  there  are  two  organizations  of  Lutherans;  one,  the  "Evangelical  Lutheran,"  has  a 
population  of  about  66,000;  the  other,  the  "Reformed  Lutheran,"  numbers  about  10,000. 

Lutherans  in  Asia,  Africa  and  Australia.  The  Lutherans  sustain  missions  in  India,  China, 
and  several  parts  of  Africa.  There  are  about  10.000  Lutherans  and  German  Protestants  in  Vic 
toria,  and  a  number  in  the  other  Australian  Colonies. 

Methodists.  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United  States.  At  the  close  of  the  year 
1868,  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  had  the  following  membership  : 

Conferences.  Members.  Conferences.  Members.  Conferences.  Members. 

Alabama 11,554        Colorado 561  Erie 32,881 

Baltimore 17,735        Delaware 9,801  Genesee  9,679 

Black  River 22,197       Des  Moines 14.771  Georgia 15,134 

California 6,185        Detroit . .  .20,596  Germany  &  Switzerland  6,334 

Central  German 9,891        East  Baltimore 42,312  Holston 25,723 

Central  Illinois 22,385       East  Genesee 24,232  Illinois 34,675 

CentralOhio 19.094       EastGerman 2.805  Indiana 28,276 

Cincinnati 30,025       East  Maine 11,717  India  Mission 550 

Iowa 20,522       New  York 39,895  South  East  Indiana, . .  .22,839 


620 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


Conferences.  Members. 

Kansas 9,184 

Kentucky 17,850 

Liberia,  Miss 1,830 

Maine 13,124 

Michigan 21,048 

Minnesota 10.160 

Mississippi,  Miss 16.164 

Missouri  and  Arkansas.25,746 

Nebraska 2,286 

Nevada 448 

Newark 29,308 

New  England 23.178 

New  Hampshire 12,(i50 

New  Jersey.  30,272 

Total 

Last  Year... 


Conferences.  Members. 

New  York  East 37,372 

North  Indiana 32,830 

North  Ohio 18,923 

North  West  German. ...  7,071 
North  West  Indiana... .20,003 

Ohio 33,814 

Oneida 19,348 

Oregon 4,505 

Philadelphia 59,760 

Pittsburgh 48,478 

Providence 18,054 

Rock  River 21,143 

South  Carol.,  Miss 18,200 


Conferences.  Members 

Southern  Illinois 24,788 

South  West  German. . .  7,729 

Tennessee 9,474 

Texas  Mission 3,391 

Troy 28,610 

Upper  Iowa 18,066 

Vermont 13,909 

Virginia  &  N.  Carolina.  2,756 

Washington,  Miss 21,036 

West  Virginia 27,959 

West  Wisconsin 12,167 

Wisconsin 12,708 

Wyoming 17,844 


...1,255,115 
....1,146,081 


Increase 109,034 

The  number  of  Annual  Conferences  in  1868,  was  71,  an  increase  of  four  over  1867.  The  fol 
lowing  is  a  summary  of  other  important  statistics :  Bishops,  9 ;  traveling  preachers,  8,481 ;  local 
preachers,  9,85)9 ;  total  preachers,  18,370:  members  in  full  connection,  1,060,265;  members  on 
probation,  194,850 ;  total  lay  members,  1,255,115 ;  adult  baptisms,  67,065 ;  infant  baptisms,  46,207: 
total  baptisms,  113,272;  number  of  churches,  11,692;  number  of  parsonages,  3,810;  value  of 
church  edifices,  $41,692,922;  value  of  parsonages,  $6,275,979  ;  value  of  churches  and  parsonages, 
$47,970,501 ;  number  of  Sunday  schools,  15,885 ;  Sunday  school  teachers,  181,666 ;  Sunday  school 
scholars,  1,145,167;  benevolent  collections,  $909,962. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.  The  latest  statistics  published  by  this  Church  are  for  the 
year  1867,  when  the  membership  of  the  Annual  Conference  was  as  follows : 

Conferences.  Members.  Conferences.  Members.  Conferences.  Member*. 

1.  Baltimore 17,155       11.  Louisiana 9,978        21.  Little  Rock 9,073 

12.  Mississippi 19,043 

13.  Memphis 39,085 

14.  Tennessee 40,800 

15.  Holston 25,965 

16.  Kentucky 15,583 

17.  Louisville 22,689 

18.  St.  Louis 12,688 

19.  Missouri 14,300 

20.  Arkansas 13,951 


2.  Virginia 37,497 

3.  West  Virginia 6,731 

4.  North  Carolina a5.104 

5.  South  Carolina 47,078 

6.  North  Georgia... -...45,387 

7.  South  Georgia 26,869 

8.  Florida 6,386 

9.  Montgomery 31.228 

10.  Mobile 22,577 


22.  Indian  Mission 1,788 

23.  Texas 4,543 

24.  Trinity 8,257 

25.  East  Texas 7.107 

26.  Northwest  Texas..  4,731 

27.  West  Texas 3,486 

28.  Columbia 758 

29.  Pacific 2,642 

30.  Illinois 2,561 


Total  in  1867 535,0-10 

Total  in  1866 505,101 

Increase... 


29,93!) 


The  number  of  white  members  in  1867,  was  472,484  (increase  over  preceding  year,  53,080) ; 
number  of  colored  members,  54,172  (decrease  during  the  year,  24,570) ;  number  of  Indian  mem 
bers,  1,851.  The  Church  has  9  bishops,  2,389  traveling  preachers,  and  3,952  local  preachers. 

The  African  Methodist  Ej)iscoj)al  Church,  and  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church. 
The  former  body  has  560  traveling  preachers,  15,000  local  preachers,  200,000  members ;  the  latter 
has  694  traveling  preachers,  164,000  members. 

The  Methodist  Church  and  MetJiodist  Protestants.  In  1866,  the  Northern  Conferences  of 
the  Methodist  Protestants  held  a  u  Union  Convention,"  the  object  of  which  was  to  effect  a  union 
between  non-Episcopal  Methodists.  The  name  of  the  new  body  was  to  be  simply  the  "Method 
ist  Church."  But  this  plan  of  union  was  repudiated  by  all  save  the  Methodist  Protestants  and 
the  new  "  Methodist  Church  "  which  is  substantially  identical  with  the  former  Methodist  Pro 
testant  Conferences  of  the  Northern  States.  The  Methodist  Church  has  now  624  traveling 
preachers,  444  local  preachers,  49,030  members.  In  the  Southern  States,  the  old  name  of 
"  Methodist  Protestants  "  has  been  retained,  and  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church  now  reports 
423  traveling  preachers,  and  72,000  members. 

Other  Methodist  Bodies  in  the  United  States.  The  Evangelical  Association  had,  in  1868, 15  Con 
ferences,  500  traveling  preachers,  377  local  preachers,  and  62,344  members. 

The  Wesleyan  Connection  has  about  250  ministers  and 20,000  members.  The  Free  Methodists 
have  85  ministers  and  4,889  members.  The  Primitive  Methodists  have  20  traveling  preachers 
and  2,000  members. 

Other  Parts  of  America.  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  has  a  mission  in  the  Argentine 
Republic,  with  171  members.  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Canada  has  216  traveling 


1869.  RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OP  THE  WORLD.  621 

preachers  and  18,741  members.  All  the  other  Methodist  bodies  in  British  America  and  in  Hayti 
are  in  connection  with  the  English  Methodist  Denominations.  Altogether,  the  number  of 
Methodists  in  America  outside  of  the  United  States  is  about  150,000. 

The  Methodist  Denominations  in  Europe,  Ana,  Africa  and  Australia.  The  Wesleyan  Church, 
of  England,  had  in  1868,  387,306  members  in  Great  Britain :  20,299  in  Ireland  and  Irish  missions, 
and  68.741  in  foreign  missions.  Adding  the  French,  Australasian,  Canada  and  Eastern  British 
American  Conferences  which  are  in  connection  with  the  Church,  the  Church  has  a  total  member 
ship  of  594,485. 

The  other  Methodist  bodies  in  England  are,  Primitive  Methodists,  159,798 ;  New  Connection 
Methodists,  32,486;  United  Free  Church  Methodists,  68,478 ;  Bible  Christians,  26,275;  Calvinistic 
Methodists,  58,577 ;  Wesleyan  Reform  Union,  9,423;  Church  Methodists  in  Ireland  9,158.  The 
number  of  Methodists  in  France  is  2,063:  in  Germany  and  Switzerland,  12,092;  in  Gibraltar 
and  Malta,  51 ;  in  Denmark,  Sweden  and  Norway,  769 ;  in  India  and  Ceylon,  2,973 ;  in  China, 
1,271 ;  in  Africa,  42,193;  in  Australia  and  Polynesia,  61,081.  The  total  number  of  the  members 
of  all  tliu  Methodist  denominations  was,  in  1868,  about  3,400,000. 

Moravians.  The  Church  is  divided  into  four  provinces,  which,  in  1867,  reported  the  fol 
lowing  membership : 

Provinces.  Communicants.  Total.  Provinces.  Communicants.          Total. 

American,  Northern 5,068 7,093       British 5,479 9,886 

Southern 3,256 5,522       Continental  Europe 1,176 1,809 

14,979          24,310 

In  connection  with  the  Foreign  Missions,  are  70,311. 

New  Jerusalem  Church  (Swedenborgians).  This  Church  has  in  the  United  States 
9  Associations,  which  are  united  in  a  "General  Convention,11  meeting  annually.  The  number 
of  organized  societies  is  67.  In  England,  Holland  and  Ireland,  56  societies  are  in  connection 
with  the  "  General  Conference,"  and  10  societies  not  in  full  connection. 

Presbyterians.  Old  School  Presbyterians  in  the  United  States.  The  Statistics  reported  in 
May,  1808,  arc  as  follows : 

Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants. 

Albany 10,855       Kansas 1,013       Pacific 1,834 

Alleghany 13,434        Kentucky 6,811        Philadelphia 28.502 

Baltimore 15,768        Missouri 6,457        Pittsburgh 19,565 

Buffalo ....5,251        Nashville 706        St.  Paul 1,694 

Chicago 8,173       New  Jersey 28,140        Sandusky 3,690 

Cincinnati 11.683       New  York 22,441        Southern  Iowa 4,465 

Illinois 10,076       Northern  India* 352       Wheeling 17,939 

Indiana 7,213       Northern  Indiana 6,485        Wisconsin 3,209 

Iowa 4,858        Ohio 11,941 

Total 252,555 

The  number  of  Synods  is  26;  Presbyteries,  142;  Licentiates,  223;  Candidates,  326;  Ministers, 
;  Churches,  2,737  ;  Contributions  for  Church  Purposes,  $4,289,595. 

New  ScJwol  Presbyterians.    In  May,  1868,  the  following  statistics  were  reported: 


Albany     .     ... 

Communicants. 

8,354 

Synods.                             Commt 

West  Pennsylvania    . 

nicants. 

3,953 

Synods.                            Comm 

Peoria     

unicants. 

7,221 

Utica 

.  .     7,302 

Michigan 

11  030 

Wisconsin               .   .  . 

1.868 

Ouonda^a 

9  555 

Western  Reserve 

6  716 

3,108 

Geneva 

9,702 

Ohio 

4,499 

Minnesota  

1,956 

Susquohanna 

.  .  3,521 

Cincinnati 

4  112 

Missouri 

2,123 

Generfoe 

14  149 

Wabash 

3  293 

2,707 

New  York  &  N 

Jersey.33,886 
17  239 

Indiana  
Illinois 

5,008 
6  307 

Alta  California  

1,327 

Total... 

...1 

68,932 

The  number  of  Synods  is  23 ;  Presbyteries,  111 ;  Ministers,  1,800  :  Churches,  1590. 

United  Presbyterians  in  the  United  States.    In  May,  1868,  the  following  statistics  were  reported : 

Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants.  Synods.  Communicants. 

New  York 13,814       2d  of  the  West 8,091        Missionary  Presbyteries 

1st  of  the  West 13,120        Illinois 70,14           (Egypt,  Oregon,  Seal- 
Pittsburgh 12,660       Iowa 4,290  kote) 456 

Ohio 6,117 

Total 65,612 

The  Church  has  missions  in  Trinidad,  Syria,  India,  Egypt,  China  and  Italy.  The  United  Pres 
byterian  Church  arose  out  of  a  union  of  the  Associate  and  the  Associate  Reformed  Churches. 
A  part  of  these  organizations  refused  to  join  the  Union.  They  now  constitute  the  ''Associate 
Reformed  Synod  of  New  York,"  which  has  16  ministers  and  1,631  communicants,  and  the  ;;  As 
sociate  Synod  of  North  America,'  which  has  11  ministers  and  778  communicants.  There  is, 
besides,  the  "Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  South,"  which  has  been  separated  from 
the  northern  organizations  in  consequence  of  the  Slavery  question.  It  has  68  ministers. 

*  Missionary  Station. 


622  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  (Southern)  Presbyterian  Church.  The  statistics,  according  to  the  minutes  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  1S68,  are  as  follows  :  Synods  in  connection  with  the  General  Assembly,  10  ;  Pres 
byteries,  48;  ministers  and  licentiates,  837;  Churches,  1,309;  members  added  on  examination, 
2,857  ;  members  added  on  certificate,  1,411 ;  total  number  of  communicants,  76,949. 

Cumberland  Presbyterians.  This  Church  had,  in  1868,  25  synods,  1,200  ministers,  and  125,000 
communicants. 

Reformed  Presbyterians.  Of  these  there  are  two  organizations,  the  one  called  the  Old  Side  or 
the  General  Synod,  the  other  the  New  Side  or  the  Synod.  The  former  in  1868,  had  8  Presbyteries, 
77  ministers,  with  a  membership  of  8,487.  The  latter  had  63  ministers  and  5,821  communicants. 

Presbyterians  in  Great  Britain,  and  the  British  Colonies.  The  main  branches  of  Presbyterian- 
ism  in  Great  Britain  are  the  following:  "  The  Church  of  Scotland,"  which  is  the  State  Church 
in  Scotland,  has  16  Synods,  84  Presbyteries  and  1,243  congregations ;  "The  Free  Church  of  Scot 
land"  has  16  Synods,  71  Presbyteries,  861  churches,  3  theological  schools  with  226  students ; 
"The  United  Presbyterian  Church"  has  31  Presbyteries  in  England  and  Scotland,  584  Minis 
ters,  596  Churches,  and  (1868),  176,391  communicants;  "The  Reformed  Presbyterian  Synod" 
(Cauieronians)  has  6  Presbyteries,  45  churches,  2  Professors  in  Divinity,  41  ministers,  and 
(1868),  6,516  members  ;  "  The  Presbyterian  Seceders  "  have  4  Presbyteries,  and  25  congregations : 
"  The  Presbyterian  Church  in  England"  has  7  Presbyteries,  119  congregations  and  20,782  com 
municants;  "The  Presbyterian  Church  in  Ireland"  has  50  ministers,  and  60  churches.  The 
largest  of  these  denominations  have  branches  in  Canada,  Australia  and  other  colonies. 

Reformed  Churches.  Reformed  Churches  in  the  United  States.  Of  these  there  are  two, 
the  one  formerly  called  the  "Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  but  since  1867,  simply  the  "Reformed 
Church,"  the  second  called  the  "German  Reformed  Church." 

The  Reformed  Church,  in  1868,  reported:  Ministers,  469  ;  candidates,  7;  families,  37,090; 
members  added  on  confession,  3,705 ;  members  added  on  certificate,  2,294 :  total  number  in 
communion,  59,508;  infants  baptized,  3,843;  total  number  of  S.  S.  scholars,  47,981 ;  amount  con 
tributed  for  religious  and  benevolent  purposes,  $204.492.93. 

The  statistics  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  were  in  January,  1869,  reported  as  follow? : 
Synods,  3 ;  classes,  31 ;  ministers,  505 ;  congregations,  1,181 ;  members,  115,483 ;  Sunday  school 
scholars,  44,435. 

Reformed  Chinches  in  Europe,  and  Africa.  In  Holland,  the  Reformed  Church  is  the  State 
church,  and  has  about  1,800,000  members.  There  is  in  the  same  country,  a  Free  Reformed 
Church,  with  about  70,000  members.  In  Switzerland,  the  Reformed  Church  is  the  State  church 
of  all  the  Protestant  Cantons,  and  nearly  the  whole  Protestant  population  (about  1,400,000)  be 
longs  to  it.  In  some  Cantons,  (as  Vaud,  Geneva),  there  are  Free  Reformed  Churches  beside 
the  National  Churches.  In  Germany,  the  Reformed  Church  has  been  nearly  absorbed  by  the 
United  Evangelical  Church.  The  Reformed  Church  of  France,  which  received  support  from  the 
state,  has  1,045  congregations.  In  Russia,  a  population  of  about  200,000,  and  in  Austria,  a  pop 
ulation  of  about  1,900,000  are  connected  with  the  Reformed  Churches.  In  Belgium  there  are 
about  12  Reformed  Congregations.  In  the  Transvaal  Republic,  and  Orange  Free  State,  in 
Africa,  the  Dutch  Reformed  church  is  the  State  Church,  and  it  has  also  numerous  adherents 
in  the  Cape  Colony. 

Unitarians.  Unitarians  in  the  United  States.  The  "  Year-book  of  the  Unitarian  Congrega 
tional  Churches"  for  1869,  gives  a  list  of  315  societies  and  of  383  ministers.  Within  two  years, 
51  Unitarian  churches  have  been  built,  enlarged  or  otherwise  improved.  No  statistics  of  mem 
bership  are  given.  There  is  al^o  an  organization  of  German  Unitarians  in  the  United  States. 

Unitarians  in  Europe.  In  England,  there  are  about  300  Unitarian  ministers  who  have  charge 
of  congregations.  In  Ireland  there  are  three  Presbyterian  bodies,  which  are  regarded  as  Uni 
tarians.  In  the  Austrian  province  of  Transylvania,  the  Unitarians  have  a  population  of  50,000. 

United  Brethren  in  Christ.  According  to  the  Almanac  of  this  denomination,  for  1S69, 
it  now  has  5  bishops,  1,334  meeting  houses,  25  parsonages,  864  itinerant  preachers,  4,618  preaching 
places,  3,663  societies,  108,122  members,  2,268  Sunday  schools,  and  106,002  Sunday-school  schol 
ars.  The  amount  raised  for  church  purposes,  was  $526,000. 

United  Evangelical  Church.  This  is  the  State  Church  in  Prussia,  and  a  number  of  the 
smaller  German  States.  It  arose  in  1817  out  of  a  union  of  Lutherans  and  Reformed. 

Universalists.  Universalists  in  the  United  States.  According  to  the  "  Universalist  Regis 
ter"  for  1869,  there  were  6  Associations  in  Maine,  3  in  New  Hampshire,  5  in  Vermont,  6  in 
Massachusetts,  1  in  Rhode  Island,  3  in  Connecticut,  16  in  New  York,  6  in  'Pennsylvania,  14  in 
Ohio,  4  in  Michigan,  6  in  Indiana,  6  in  Illinois,  3  in  Wisconsin,  and  3  in  Iowa.  The  number  of 
societies  reported  is  about  792.  No  statistics  of  membership  are  given. 

Universalists  in  Europe*    In  1860,  3  Univertalist  Congregations  were  reported  in  England. 


PAET   Y. 
MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS. 


THE  PROGRESS  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

BY  N.   C.   MEEKER. 

IN  the  earliest  ages  men  did  not  live  by  cultivating  the  soil.  It  is  true 
that  our  first  parents,  for  a  limited  period,  engaged  in  this  pursuit,  but  it 
was  not  in  the  sense  we  now  speak  of  cultivation,  for  they  were  without 
experience,  skill  or  implements.  What  their  actual  condition  was  is  uncer 
tain,  and  it  can  never  be  ascertained  unless  we  reason  from  analogy  and  by 
the  help  of  more  light  than  we  think  we  possess. 

It  is  certain  that  their  immediate  descendants  led  a  pastoral  life,  and  their 
food  was  milk  and  flesh,  and  such  vegetable  productions  as  grow  without 
cultivation.  In  making  the  soil  yield  bread,  decision  of  character  and  pro 
phetic  views  are  required  which  men  cannot  possess  in  a  natural  state,  and, 
besides,  to  cultivate  the  soil  requires  some  progress  in  the  mechanic  arts,  for 
without  implements  for  inverting  and  stirring  the  soil,  bread  cannot  be  grown. 
Mechanical  skill  and  agriculture  therefore  must  grow  up  together.  In  an 
uncivilized  nation  agriculture  cannot  be  far  advanced,  nor,  on  the  other 
hand,  can  civilization  progress  if  agriculture  is  neglected.  A  more  helpless 
being  than  man  without  tools  cannot  exist ;  with  tools,  none  is  more  power 
ful.  Naked,  and  with  empty  hands  man  was  placed  on  this  earth,  and  long 
dreary  years  must  have  elapsed  before  even  rude  implements  for  working 
the  soil  were  constructed.  Some  have  conveyed  the  idea  that  the  early 
European  race  was  more  favored,  but  the  contrary  is  proved  by  recent  dis 
coveries.  Some  lakes  in  Switzerland  being  drained,  have  brought  to  light 
rude  hovels  with  articles  of  domestic  nature,  and  the  implements  which  were 
used  for  defence  and  for  obtaining  food  were  all  of  stone.  In  Denmark, 
also,  discoveries  of  similar  relics,  have  been  made,  all  of  which  prove  that 
the  principal  food  was  derived  from  the  waters  and  the  forests.  This,  the 
age  of  stone,  dates  back  4,000  years  ago.  Following,  came  the  age  of  bronze, 
in  which  implements  were  made  of  copper  and  tin.  Then  came  the  age 
of  iron,  which  in  Central  Europe  was  not  much  before  the  Christian  Era. 

Even  after  iron  was  discovered,  whenever  it  might  have  been,  a  long  period 
must  have  passed  before  much  skill  in  forging  and  welding  it  was  acquired. 
By  inductive  reasoning  an  account  of  the  progress  in  working  iron  could  be 
constructed  which  would  be  near  the  actual  truth.  Surprising  as  it  may 
seem,  it  is  a  fact  that  during  the  classic  and  historic  ages,  and  up  to  modern 
times,  even,  in  some  degree  to  our  own  age,  the  art  of  working  iron  was  im- 

623 


624  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

partially  understood  unless  in  the  making  of  deadly  weapons,  while  casting 
hollow  ware  was  unknown.  This  is  to  say,  during  a  period  of  more  than 
3,000  years,  scarcely  any  progress  was  made  with  regard  to  agricultural 
implements  in  which  iron  or  steel  was  used,  and  so  little  had  been  done  up 
to  the  time  of  our  own  Revolution,  even  by  the  most  civilized  nations,  that 
they  were  at  the  time  upon  a  level  with  the  Turks  and  Hindoos. 

In  the  Agricultural  Rooms  of  the  State  Society  at  Albany,  is  a  most  re 
markable  collection  of  plows  from  different  parts  of  the  world.  Among 
these  are  some  which  were  in  use  in  this  country  less  than  fifty  years  ago, 
and  they  show  that  our  cultivation  at  the  time  could  not  have  been  much 
better  than  the  cultivation  of  semi-barbarous  nations.  Within  fifty  years 
plows  have  been  improved  more  than  they  had  been  improved  for  many 
thousand  years  before.  It  is  noted  also,  that  within  this  period  there  has 
been  an  equal  improvement  in  all  the  mechanic  arts. 

The  first  progress  of  mechanism  was  undoubtedly  in  constructing  some 
agricultural  implement,  for  there  must  have  been  a  stepping  stone  for  a  begin 
ning.  The  use  of  the  new  implement  resulted  in  making  labor  lighter,  and 
in  giving  much  more  bread  than  by  any  other  means,  which  freed  some  one 
from  the  necessity  of  constantly  seeking  for  food,  and  it  gave  time  and  op 
portunity  for  a  few  to  think.  This  prepared  the  way  for  another  to  con 
struct,  not  perhaps  an  agricultural  tool,  for  the  list  has  been  very  small,  but 
one  for  working  wood,  that  there  might  be  a  better  roof  and  closer  walls  to 
keep  out  the  storms,  giving  dignity  to  the  barbaric  family. 

When  the  first  implement  increased  the  supply  of  bread  and  permitted 
some  one  to  think,  civilization  faintly  dawned.  This  may  seem  an  insignifi 
cant  cause,  but  even  now,  complicated  as  society  has  become,  it  can  be  seen 
that  mechanism  is  the  right  hand  of  agriculture,  and  that  upon  the  two  civ 
ilization  is  founded. 

Originally,  seeds  of  grain,  vegetables,  and  fruit  must  have  been  preserved 
a  long  time  in  a  few  favored  spots,  in  remote  sunny  valleys,  in  mountain 
glades,  or  on  islands  difficult  to  approach.  It  is  true  that  in  later  ages  many 
varieties  have  been  derived  by  long  and  patient  labors  from  those  which 
were  growing  wild,  but  these  had  degenerated,  for  we  must  not  say  that  the 
original  were  imperfect,  since  if  this  were  so,  the  first  people  had  no  other  food 
than  barbarians.  In  passing  from  places  where  seeds  had  been  preserved, 
into  savage  lands,  they  progressed  slowly,  and  at  the  rate  of  ten  or  twenty 
miles  a  year,  crossing  rivers  and  mountains,  and  were  received  in  rude  hovels, 
or  perhaps  in  the  abode  of  a  chieftain  with  wonder,  and  perhaps  writh  sus 
picion.  Tools  of  some  kind,  must  have  accompanied  seeds ;  these  might  have 
been  of  stone  or  bronze,  and  after  grain  had  been  grown,  domestic  animals 
were  introduced  but  not  before,  except  in  regions  where  the  natural  grasses 
furnished  feed.  This,  however,  could  have  only  been  in  a  semi-tropical  cli 
mate,  where  feed  for  animals  could  be  found  in  winter.  In  forests,  domestic 
animals  and  iron  were  introduced  about  the  same  time.  It  is  a  singular 
historical  fact,  that  when  iron  was  introduced  among  the  savages  of  Europe, 
it  made  its  way  slowly,  for  it  was  looked  upon  with  suspicion.  They  who 


1869.]  PROGRESS  OF  AGRICULTURE.  625 

protested  most  against  its  use  were  the  priests,  and  it  was  a  long  time  after 
the  people  adopted  it  before  the  priests  would  allow  it  to  enter  their  places 
of  worship,  which  were  places  also  for  the  sacrifice,  of  human  beings. 

"Why,  after  seeds  and  iron  were  introduced  so  many  ages,  and  some  of  them 
so  remote  as  to  be  buried  in  oblivion,  passed  without  perceptible  progress 
not  only  hi  Asia  but  in  Europe,  was  due  to  political  and  religious  tyranny, 
pressing  upon  the  laboring  people  and  wringing  from  their  industry  all  but 
what  was  required  to  sustain  life.  To  keep  the  laborer  dependent,  he  was 
never  allowed  to  be  an  owner  of  the  soil ;  as  a  consequence,  his  occupation 
and  all  the  industries  connected  with  it  were  looked  upon  as  degrading,  and 
the  only  pursuits  which  were  honored  were  those  by  which  man  was  op 
pressed,  defrauded  or  destroyed.  It  was  not  until  America  was  discovered 
that  a  way  was  opened  for  the  laborer  to  own  land,  and  upon  this  basis  free 
government  and  religious  toleration  have  been  established. 

The  first  efforts  in  agriculture  were  made  in  alluvial  valleys  or  on  rich 
sandy  soil,  which  were  cropped  until  exhausted,  when  new  grounds  were 
sought  and  the  exhaustion  repeated.  Only  by  degrees  and  at  a  considerable 
later  period  were  the  clays  cultivated,  for  they  were  too  stubborn,  and  man 
himself  was  too  timorous,  ignorant  and  weak,  to  make  them  yield  a  return 
for  his  labors.  It  was  not  until  the  ox  and  horse  were  brought  into  subjec 
tion  and  made  to  draw  the  plow  that  cultivation  was  extended  beyond  the 
alluvial  soils.  And  yet,  the  advantages  of  an  agricultural  over  a  savage  life 
in  those  early  days  were  so  few  that  progress  was  slow.  Forced  to  abide 
near  streams  for  the  cultivation  and  protection  of  their  crops,  and  living  in 
dwellings  which  abounded  with  vermin ;  malarious  diseases  were  common,  and 
the  miseries  of  the  people  must  have  been  extreme.  Ignorant,  unclean  and 
superstitious,  subject  to  attacks  from  robbers,  and  oppressed  by  chieftains,  a 
wild  wandering  life  often  must  have  presented  greater  attractions.  Nothing 
could  hold  an  agricultural  community  together  but  the  bravery  and  skill  of 
the  chief,  who,  as  the  price  of  his  protection  demanded  homage,  and  rent  in 
kind,  and  thus  kings  and  governments  were  established. 

During  the  long  periods  in  which  man  cultivated  the  soil  and  yet  was  a 
semi-barbarian,  so  little  knowledge  was  gained  of  best  methods  of  cultiva 
tion,  and  so  insufficient  were  the  implements  that  crops  were  taken  only 
from  the  surface.  Had  cultivation  been  as  deep  as  at  the  present  day,  pop 
ulation  would  have  increased  so  much  that  the  soil  of  the  old  world  would 
have  been  exhausted  long  ago,  and  become  a  desert.  Even  now,  on  classic 
and  historic  ground  the  same  superficial  cultivation  is  continued,  and  a  rich 
soil  underneath  has  been  preserved  to  be  found  by  other  and  worthier  races. 

The  North  American  Indians  belonged  to  the  age  of  stone,  and  were  pre 
paring  to  enter  the  age  of  bronze,  for  to  a  slight  extent  they  had  begun  to 
use  copper.  The  Indians  cultivated  the  soil  only  to  a  limited  extent,  and 
the  labor  was  done  by  their  women.  Everywhere  the  weak  have  been  forced 
to  work  for  the  strong.  Their  chief,  and  perhaps  their  only  crops  were  corn 
and  tobacco,  growing  on  the  bottoms  of  streams  where  grass  does  not  natu 
rally  start.  The  sod  of  the  rich  prairies  presented  so  many  difficulties  that 
40 


626  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

they  did  not  undertake  to  subdue  it.  They  had  no  animals  of  any  kind, 
and  it  is  to  be  noted  that  when  Europeans  introduced  them  the  Indians  saw 
no  inducements  to  use  them.  Even  now,  after  great  efforts  have  been  made  to 
civilize  some  tribes,  they  take  little  advantage  of  animals,  but  seek  rather, 
and  in  a  natural  order,  a  pastoral  life,  and  they  care  for  cattle  that  they  may 
have  their  flesh.  Nor  do  they  attach  much  value  to  milk,  as  one  might  sup 
pose,  all  of  which  shows  that  man  will  advance  only  by  slow  and  progressive 
steps.  The  Indian  race,  then  would  appear  to  be  so  young  as  not  yet  to 
contain  those  accumulations  of  human  effort  which  mark  the  European  race, 
and  they  seem  about  equally  advanced  with  the  people  who  lived  in  Central 
Europe  2000  years  before  the  Christian  Era. 

These  things  are  said  of  man  as  a  cultivator  in  a  temperate  climate  and  on 
favorable  soil.  In  warm  climates,  food  sufficient  to  sustain  life  is  obtained 
with  so  little  effort  that  he  is  not  obliged  to  make  the  successive  steps  which 
lead  to  civilization.  Hence,  man's  successive  stages  of  development  will  be 
such,  and  only  such,  as  the  climate  and  soil  compel  him  to  make.  A  race 
may  be  very  old  in  a  warm  climate,  and  yet  not  be  so  far  advanced  as  a 
younger  race  in  a  cold  one.  When  we  speak  of  young  and  of  old  races,  we 
refer  to  those  periods  of  time  when  men  became  possessed  of  the  peculiar 
characteristics  which  separate  them  into  distinct  bodies,  which  we  call  races, 
whatever  may  have  been  the  cause,  and  whatever  the  periodism  in  which  these 
causes  operated.  Besides,  with  reference  to  a  warm  climate,  it  is  in  few  or  no 
respects  favorable  for  bringing  the  human  race  beyond  a  certain  point,  for 
the  reason  that  the  heat  has  such  an  effect  upon  the  soil  as  to  make  it  inca 
pable  of  producing  such  food  as  contributes  to  develop  the  higher  qualities. 
It  does  not  produce  grass  which  is  more  important  than  any  other  crop,  and 
the  small  grains  from  which  bread  is  made  are  grown  with  the  greatest  diffi 
culty.  Nor  does  it  produce  the  more  important  vegetables,  while  it  has  no 
fruit  of  equal  value  with  the  apple. 

The  warm  climate  is  simply  favorable  for  the  growth  of  man  in  the  early 
stages,  and  at  a  time  when  he  would  perish  if  he  were  not  assisted  by  nature ; 
but  after  he  outgrows  such  need,  he  must  seek  the  regions  of  snow  and  ice 
to  be  scourged  into  activity  through  a  long  series  of  years.  Dreadful  as  war 
is.  it  is  as  old  as  the  race.  Commencing  among  kinsmen  and  neighbors,  with 
or  without  cause,  spreading  as  nations  spread,  the  weaker  were  pushed  into 
forests,  and  across  rivers  and  mountains  where  food  was  so  scarce  that  multi 
tudes  perished,  and  only  those  survived  who  had  strength  and  skill  to  dis 
cover  new  methods  by  which  life  could  be  sustained.  Dark  were  the  faces 
of  the  exiles  with  rage,  as  they  thought  of  the  warm  valleys  whence  they 
were  driven,  but  the  frosts  of  the  mountains  and  the  ice  in  the  rivers  brought 
before  them«new  enemies  which  they  must  conquer  or  die.  Cruel  as  seemed 
the  destiny,  they  led  on  the  way  to  the  discovery  that  the  soil  of  a  cold 
climate  has  greater  capabilities  of  sustaining  life  than  a  warm  one ;  that  its 
food  is  more  varied  and  nourishing ;  fruit  is  more  sprightly  and  enduring, 
and  that  in  grass  is  a  greater  value  than  all  the  productions  ripened  by  a 
tropical  sun. 


1809.]  PROGRESS  OF  AGRICULTURE.  627 

The  system  of  farming  common  among  the  people  of  Western  Asia,  and 
among  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  was  without  change  worthy  of  note,  until 
after  the  age  of  King  John  who  granted  the  Great  Charter,  when  the  small 
farm  system  began  to  be  established,  particularly  in  England.  Afterwards, 
the  influence  of  the  Reformation  was  felt  in  giving  the  common  people  dig 
nity,  when  farm  productions  became  more  varied,  and  food  more  abundant. 
By  1620  the  middle  class  of  England  had  become  industrious  and  intelli 
gent,  and  owned  the  land  they  worked.  They  were  the  noblest  class  Eng 
land  ever  had.  They  wTere  called  Yeomen.  From  1620  to  1820  there  was 
little  progress  in  farming,  but  there  had  been  immense  advance  in  religious 
liberty,  in  learning,  and  in  the  acquirement  and  investigation  of  the  rights 
of  the  common  people.  These  prepared  the  way  for  the  discovery  of  many 
new  methods  for  abbreviating  labor,  by  means  of  inventions,  and  among 
these  none  has  produced  such  powerful  results  as  the  introduction  of  the  cast 
iron  plow.  This  is  generally  considered  an  American  invention,  and  it  was 
quickly  adopted  in  all  civilized  nations.  Shortly  after,  two  agricultural 
papers  were  published  monthly,  and  though  they  were  barely  supported, 
they  had  immense  influence  upon  the  fanning  community  and  particu 
larly  upon  legislators  and  leading  men.  Since  then  their  number  has  steadily 
increased,  and  now  a  greater  number  of  copies  of  agricultural  papers  are  cir 
culated  than  at  the  commencement  of  the  century  were  circulated  of  all 
other  kinds  of  papers  then  printed  in  the  world.  Combining,  as  most  of 
them  do,  moral  instruction,  their  influence  upon  the  people  is  destined  to 
produce  the  most  important  results.  Meanwhile,  agricultural  machinery,  in 
the  greatest  variety,  has  been  invented  and  brought  into  use,  and  it  may  be 
said  to  perform  as  much  labor  as  a  million  of  able-bodied  men.  Through 
this  means  capital  has  rapidly  accumulated  among  the  common  people ;  they 
have  been  enabled  to  build  comfortable  and  even  elegant  dwellings,  and  to 
furnish  them  in  good  style,  while  the  food  of  the  family  is  abundant  and 
often  choice.  There  are  also  means  for  educating  the  young  people,  and  at 
last,  the  distance  between  the  laborer  and  a  station  of  honor  and  profit  is 
short.  Perhaps  nothing  has  contributed  more  to  establish  this  condition, 
than  the  application  of  many  inventions  of  the  mechanic  and  machinist,  as 
exhibited  in  the  railway,  by  which  means  all  kinds  of  farm  products  are 
transported  great  distances,  and  better  prices  are  now  obtained  in  the  interior 
than  formerly  were  received  at  the  centers  of  commerce. 

Fruit  growing  has  kept  full  pace  with  all  other  pursuits,  and  there  are  in 
America  more  acres  in  nursery  stock  than  were  devoted  to  orchards  in 
the  whole  world  when  Rome  was  in  its  greatest  grandeur ;  for  fruit  then 
was  little  grown  by  the  common  people ;  it  was  seldom  found  except  in 
the  gardens  of  the  Wealthy ;  the  quality  was  inferior  and  the  varieties  wTere 
few.  Of  grapes,  however,  the  supplies  were  abundant,  but  only  in  limited 
regions,  for  the  space  within  which  this  fruit  flourishes  is  insignificant  when 
compared  with  the  space  suited  to  producing  bread.  Fruit  will  not  be 
grown  in  times  of  dissention  and  war ;  naturally,  it  is  a  product  of  peace, 
and  in  those  countries  only  where  labor  is  rewarded  and  the  rights  of  indi- 


628  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

viduals  respected.  The  extent  to  which  fruit  is  grown  in  any  country  indi 
cates  how  much  liberty  is  enjoyed,  and  how  much  intelligence  the  people 
possess.  In  England  more  fruit  was  raised  two  hundred  years  ago  than  now, 
for  then  each  yeoman,  living  on  a  small  farm  of  his  own,  cultivated  fruit  of 
all  kinds,  and  in  the  aggregate  the  amount  was  large.  When  the  yeomen 
removed  to  America,  their  lands  were  united  to  large  farms,  and  when  the 
orchards  decayed,  there  was  no  one  interested  in  replanting  them,  for  only 
one  family  owning  the  soil,  was  to  be  supplied.  For  the  same  reasons  such 
productions  as  eggs,  poultry,  honey,  and  feathers,  which  once  were  in  full  sup 
ply,  now  are  largely  imported  from  France,  for  the  reason  that  in  this  country 
much  of  the  land  is  owned  by  the  cultivators.  But  into  such  small  parcels 
is  the  land  divided  in  France,  that  they  scarcely  deserve  the  name  of  farms. 

In  the  United  States,  fruit-growing  is  more  extensive,  and  the  business  is 
pursued  with  more  energy  and  skill  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world. 
The  French  have  the  reputation  of  being  skillful  fruit-growers,  but  this 
would  seem  not  the  case,  for  the  reason  that  foremen  and  not  proprietors  are 
in  charge,  and  wherever  this  is  the  case,  a  pursuit  can  be  successful  only  in 
part.  On  the  occasion  of  several  Horticultural  Exhibitions,  both  in  England 
and  France,  where  large  numbers  of  specimens  of  apples  and  pears  were 
shown,  it  was  found  upon  inspection  that  many  plates  bearing  different 
names  were  the  same.  Such  ignorance  in  any  fruit-grower's  collection  in 
this  country  would  stamp  him  as  a  pretender.  It  is  true,  that  about  forty 
years  ago,  there  was  great  confusion  regarding  varieties  in  all  our  nurseries, 
but  in  the  general  advancement  of  agricultural,  and  other  knowledge,  it 
has  disappeared. 

It  is  taken  for  granted  that  English  farming  is  better  than  ours,  and  they 
who  suppose  so,  speak  of  the  high  average  of  their  wheat  crop  and  their  fine 
breeds  of  cattle.  So  little  attention  has  been  paid  to  what  may  be  called 
Agricultural  Geography,  that  many  errors  arise.  England  by  reason  of 
climate  alone  has  no  superior.  The  large  amount  of  moisture,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  tendency  of  the  Gulf  Stream  to  give  a  much  higher  tempera 
ture  than  would  be  natural  in  so  high  a  latitude,  undoubtedly  do  make  it 
the  best  country  for  the  grasses  in  the  world.  Perhaps,  however,  a  belt  of 
country  some  200  miles  wide  and  1,500  miles  long,  through  the  center  of 
which  runs  the  parallel  of  forty-one  degrees,  and  reaching  from  the  Atlantic 
in  New  England,  to  the  great  plains  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska,  is  nearly  equal. 
It  would  be  impossible  to  grow  the  Short-horns,  or  the  South-downs,  or  Lei- 
cesters  in  France  as  successfully  as  they  are  grown  in  England.  On  the  prair 
ies  of  Illinois,  where  grass  and  grain  are  abundant,  the  common  herds  of 
cattle,  with  good  care  and  with  perhaps  a  slight  dash  of  Durham  blood, 
have  been  brought  up  to  a  grade  nearly  equal  to  pure  Durhams,  and  they 
are  constantly  improving.  When  the  Kerry  cattle,  which  thrive  on  short 
and  rough  feed,  are  transferred  to  rich  pastures,  they  gradually  lose  their  dis 
tinctive  character  and  progress  towards  a  higher  type.  That  England  raises 
more  wheat  than  we  raise  is  true,  but  they  do  not  raise  a  bushel  at  less  cost. 
Only  by  raising  double  crops  can  their  rent  be  paid.  High  farming  there  is 


1869.]  PROGRESS  OF  AGRICULTURE.  629 

as  much  an  evidence  of  impending  distress  as  of  agricultural  skill.  Whether 
fanning  is  good  or  poor  is  not  to  be  decided  by  large  or  small  crops  of 
coarse  products,  but  by  the  condition  of  the  laboring  people.  If  wages  are 
low,  if  the  laborer  is  ignorant,  and  if  he  has  no  other  home  in  his  old  age 
than  the  hospital  or  the  work  house,  farming  is  not  good,  because  it  shows 
that  food  is  scarce,  and  it  is  scarce  because  with  such  labor  only  meat  and 
bread  can  be  raised.  Whenever  grain  is  raised  to  be  sent  out  of  a  country, 
the  average  yield  will  be  smaller  than  if  the  same  amount  finds  a  market  at 
home  among  manufacturing  people.  It  is  probably  an  advantage  to  us  that 
we  raise  so  little  wheat,  for  whatever  we  spare  now  enriches  the  soil  of  Eng 
land  and  impoverishes  our  own,  and  until  a  proper  time  the  capacities  of  our 
soil  might  as  well  remain  undeveloped. 

That  time  is  rapidly  approaching.  Changes  which  in  former  periods  of 
human  progress  required  many  ages,  now  occur  in  a  few  generations.  Goethe 
says  that  although  progress  seems  to  be  in  a  circle,  for  the  past  appears  to 
be  repeated,  still  this  circle  is  a  spiral,  hence,  the  short  time  in  which  a  circle 
in  these  last  ages  is  repeated.  There  are  signs  that  new  conditions  are  be 
fore  us,  called  into  being  by  improved  methods  of  culture  and  above  all,  by 
the  advance  in  mechanic  arts.  Whenever  changes  come,  distress  is  an  attend 
ant.  The  most  startling  fact  is,  that  when  crops  shall  be  cut  short  by  rea 
son  of  drought,  frost  or  the  ravages  of  insects,  as  great  a  deficiency  will  be 
found  now  as  ever  existed  in  semi-barbarous  ages.  The  immense  growth  of 
cities  and  towns  through  the  interior,  with  a  population  which  consumes 
but  does  not  produce,  already  have  made  the  market  in  these  places  where 
bread  used  to  be  cheap,  comparatively  dear,  and  as  this  class  of  people  in 
creases,  bread  must  grow  still  dearer  and  more  deficient  in  supply.  Mean 
while,  the  demand  from  sea  board  cities  and  foreign  countries  is  so  constant 
and  the  means  of  transportation  so  easy  and  uninterrupted,  that  it  is  impos 
sible  for  stocks  of  any  kind  of  food  to  accumulate;  hence  when  distress 
comes,  as  come  it  must,  nowhere  will  there  be  granaries  from  which  supplies 
can  be  drawn.  This  condition  is  not  confined  to  our  country  alone.  The 
grain  regions  of  Russia,  Hungary,  the  Black  Sea  and  Egypt,  are  swept  every 
year  by  demands  from  the  commercial  nations  of  western  Europe,  and  now, 
notwithstanding  their  triumphs  in  science,  arts  and  agriculture,  bread  is  as 
difficult  to  obtain  as  when  the  land  was  sown  by  women  or  slaves  and  the 
plow  was  the  crooked  branch  of  a  tree  hardened  in  the  fire.  Continually 
does  a  merciless  destiny  seem  to  pursue  the  human  race.  Still,  with  the  dif 
fusion  of  knowledge  and  with  expertness  in  many  industries,  we  must  turn 
and  grapple  with  this  destiny  that  what  has  been  gained  through  many 
ages  of  suffering  and  tears  may  not  be  lost. 

To  bring  agriculture  another  important  step  forward,  it  is  required  that 
the  high  culture  established  in  England  for  the  growing  of  special  crops  on 
a  large  scale  should  be  applied  to  the  small  farm  system  in  America.  This 
can  be  done  by  giving  such  an  education  to  those  of  our  young  men  intend 
ing  to  be  farmers,  as  shall  enable  them  to  cultivate  by  their  own  labor  a  few 
acres  devoted  to  a  variety  of  productions,  with  the  same  success  that  wheat 


630  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

and  roots  are  grown  in  England  by  hired  labor.  Our  Common  School  system, 
the  intelligence  and  wealth  of  our  people,  prepare  the  way  for  our  agricul 
tural  colleges.  These  may  or  may  not  be  successful  at  their  outset,  but  should 
they  fail  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  need  for  such  knowledge  as  they  alone  can 
give  will  compel  the  repetition  of  efforts  until  our  hopes  shall  be  realized. 
Whenever  a  class  of  men,  both  educated  and  practical,  shall  appear,  such 
changes  will  follow  as  would  shock  many  were  they  to  come  now. 

Scientific  agriculture,  properly  speaking,  is  so  little  understood  that  it  has 
not  even  been  defined.  Every  science  must  have  for  its  foundation  a  classifi 
cation,  the  element  of  which  is  analysis,  but  this  has  not  been  attempted  in 
agriculture.  The  first  steps  in  this  direction  will  be  to  consider  what  pro 
ductions  belong  to  particular  climates  in  connection  with  particular  soils, 
and  the  lines  of  latitude  and  even  of  longitude  are  to  be  traced  on  which 
particular  crops  can  be  grown  most  successfully.  This  will  require  many 
details  and  the  whole  will  come  under  the  general  head  of  Agricultural 
Geography. 

Next,  one  should  have  a  general  analysis  of  soils,  by  which  it  will  be  ascer 
tained  from  what  sources  they  have  been  derived,  whether  from  the  decom 
position  of  primitive,  lime  or  sand-rock  or  from  secondary  elements  such  as 
fresh  and  salt  water  deposits,  and  decayed  vegetation,  including  the  order 
of  their  formation,  their  depth,  also  the  effect  of  climate,  rain  fall  and  local 
influences,  all  of  which  will  come  under  the  general  head  of  Agricultural 
Geology.  When  these  divisions  in  all  their  necessary  details  are  classified, 
the  way  will  be  opened  for  chemical  agriculture  by  which  the  application 
of  special  fertilizers  may  be  intelligently  and  profitably  made.  And  yet,  this 
is  the  only  branch  of  scientific  agriculture  which  has  hitherto  demanded 
attention,  although  it  is  anticipating  its  position  of  time  by  at  least  one 
generation  of  active  and  broad  investigation.  Whatever  may  be  the  success 
of  scientific  men  in  other  branches  where  they  discover  principles  and  leave 
others  to  make  the  application,  little  can  be  expected  from  their  researches  as 
thus  far  conducted  in  regard  to  the  agriculture  of  a  continent,  where  the 
elevation  of  the  laborer  is  of  first  importance.  Great  changes  must  come  be 
fore  the  scientific  agriculturist  shall  himself  plant  and  cultivate  the  soil 
which  he  studies,  still,  changes  certainly  are  before  us,  and  the  change  re 
ferred  to  will  be  no  greater  than  has  taken  place  since  the  time  when  the  cul 
tivator  wore  a  brass  collar  around  his  neck  inscribed  with  his  master's  name. 

If  the  investment  of  capital  in  improved  real  estate  shall  be  continued, 
the  time  must  come  when  land  will  be  in  a  few  hands,  and  the  laborer  will 
be  degraded.  Nor  can  there  be  relief  except  by  revolution,  for  there  are  no 
more  continents  to  be  discovered  to  keep  back  the  evil  day.  Nothing  is 
better  settled  than  that  the  management,  economies  and  yield  of  large  farms 
are  less  than  on  the  same  amount  of  land  divided  into  small  farms.  This 
is  manifest  from  the  fact  that  the  large  landed  proprietor  knows  as  if  by 
instinct,  that  only  coarse  staple  articles  of  food  can  be  grown  at  a  profit,  and 
accordingly  their  efforts  are  so  limited  as  in  English  farming.  By  such  a 
system,  an  overseer  directs,  wages  must  be  low  because  skill  is  neither  de- 


1869.]  PROGRESS  OF  AGRICULTURE.  (33! 

veloped  nor  required,  and  the  laborer  sinks  almost  to  a  level  with  the  animal 
he  drives.  Fortunately,  there  is  so  much  land  in  America,  and  it  has  gone 
into  the  hands  of  so  many,  that  at  present  wages  are  high,  and  it  may  be 
generally  stated  that  farming  on  a  large  scale  is  unprofitable,  while  in  many 
cases,  whether  on  a  large  or  small  scale  where  wages  are  paid,  all  the  profits 
are  absorbed.  Notwithstanding  that  land  is  growing  still  dearer,  so  great 
is  the  success  attendant  upon  the  small  farm  system,  the  happiness,  the  in 
telligence  and  the  independence  it  has  produced,  that  which  has  been  gained 
can  neither  be  lost  nor  forgotten,  and  before  the  people  of  this  country 
would  submit  to  the  accumulation  of  land  in  a  few  hands,  they  would  arise 
and  demand  that  their  natural  right  to  the  soil  be  confirmed  by  agrarian 
laws. 

Had  attention  been  called  to  one  subject  before,  less  labor,  time  and  vexa 
tion  would  be  required  to  adopt  a  proper  plan  now.  This  is  the  employment 
of  the  wicked,  the  ignorant  and  the  idle.  No  high  standard  can  be  reached, 
and  labor  cannot  be  justly  rewarded,  while  so  many  able-bodied  men  eat 
the  bread  of  idleness.  These  should  be  the  care  of  the  state.  Millions  of 
acres  of  highly  productive  land  can  be  obtained  by  drainage,  which  now 
exhale  miasmas,  breeding  fevers  and  pestilence ;  while  other  millions  yield 
ing  small  or  uncertain  crops,  require  the  application  of  much  labor  that 
their  product  may  be  abundant  and  sure. 

That  this  class,  now,  in  the  aggregate,  beginning  to  be  numerous  enough 
to  make  a  nation,  should  prey  upon  the  industrious  and  taint  the  moral 
atmosphere  with  the  miasm  of  wickedness,  should  be  left  unrestrained  to 
generate  crime  without  a  hope  of  improvement,  is  a  disgrace  to  our  civil 
ization.  In  self-defence,  and  if  necessary  by  force,  they  must  be  set  to  work, 
and  when  they  learn  how  much  labor  sweetens  and  purifies  life,  they  will 
be  thankful  to  be  taught  how  to  live.  This  measure  is  demanded  that  man 
himself  may  be  elevated,  and  that  the  whole  world  may  be  made  better. 
Possibly  our  own  vagrants  might  be  absorbed  by  the  operations  of  natural 
causes,  but  we  can  do  little  with  the  multitudes  of  foreigners  who  in  an  un 
interrupted  stream  crowd  to  our  shores  with  no  other  knowledge  than  that 
of  living  some  how  without  labor.  The  next  progressive  move  among  ad 
vanced  nations,  will  be  first  in  considering,  and  next,  in  executing,  a  plan 
for  transforming  swindlers,  petty  thieves  and  beggars  into  steady  and  useful 
laborers.  No  enterprise  conducted  by  the  state  has  ever  been  so  successful 
as  when  connected  with  practical  agriculture.  Some  excellent  farms  in  our 
country  have  few  or  no  laborers,  but  such  as  are  insane.  At  Lusk,  near  Dub 
lin,  Ireland,  a  government  farm  is  worked  by  criminals  of  an  intermediate 
grade,  with  the  most  remarkable  success,  for  under  skillful  but  mild  manage 
ment  and  without  guards,  the  productions  are  abundant.  Progress  in  the 
reformation  of  the  criminal  is  almost  in  exact  proportion  to  his  progress  in 
becoming  a  good  farmer.  The  Divine  blessing  seems  to  descend  upon  him 
who  earns  his  bread  by  the  sweat  of  his  brow,  and  we  may  suspect  that 
more  crimes  originate  from  idleness  and  ignorance  than  from  an  evil  heart. 


632  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

CURRENCY  AND  FINANCE. 

BY  HORACE  GKEELET. 

The  use  of  Gold  and  Silver  as  measures  of  the  value  of,  and  media  of  pay 
ment  for,  all  other  property,  is  older  than  History — older  than  Tradition.  So 
long  ago  as  the  time  of  Abraham,  we  find  that  Silver  had  been  divided  or 
cast  into  "  shekels  "  of  definite  value,  and  doubtless  of  specific  weight  also. 
The  oldest  pieces  still  existing  are  of  square  or  oblong  form,  rather  thinner 
than  our  modern  coins  of  similar  size :  such  were  the  Jewish  u  shekels,"  and 
such  are  the  Japanese  "  itzebus  "  and  other  coins  of  to-day.  Older  than  the 
invention  of  letters,  the  most  ancient  pieces  of  silver  had  no  inscriptions, 
and  were  distinguished  from  those  of  different  values,  by  size  only.  The  cir 
cular  form  and  raised  edges  of  the  coins  of  modern  Christendom  were  obvi 
ously  adopted  to  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  loss  of  metal  by  wearing  or 
rubbing.  Governments,  at  an  early  day,  coined  gold  and  silver,  and  gave 
them  legal  recognition  as  money;  but  they  had  already  been  made  such  by 
the  common  consent  of  the  more  enlightened  portions  of  mankind ;  while 
savages  who  lacked  them  were  constrained  to  employ  shells,  beads,  iron,  nails, 
and  other  things  less  convenient  and  less  widely  accepted. 

Though  paper  money  was  unknown  till  the  invention  of  printing,  kings 
had  often,  when  sorely  pressed  by  the  exigencies  of  war  or  the  fruits  of  their 
own  prodigality,  called  in  the  money  of  their  subjects  for  re-coinage,  and 
debased  it  from  ten  to  fifty  per  cent. — replenishing  their  coffers  by  impover 
ishing  all  within  their  power.  They  were  ready  enough  to  borrow  when  in 
need — as  they  often  were — and  were  willing  to  pay  (or  rather  promise)  liberal 
rates  of  interest ;  but  few  were  inclined  to  lend  them,  except  at  short  dates 
and  on  the  distinct  pledge  of  jewels  and  other  valuables,  or  of  specified  reve 
nues,  as  security  for  repayment.  Royal  debts  were  thus  frequently  incurred 
in  preparing  for  some  crusade  or  other  costly  expedition  ;  but  National  debts, 
now  so  vast  and  so  general,  are  mainly  the  creation  of  the  last  century. 

Rome,  having  absorbed  the  then  civilized  world,  and  having,  by  the  intro 
duction  or  the  toleration  of  Slavery,  degraded  labor  and  discouraged  industrial 
progress,  the  discovery  of  mines  and  the  production  of  the  precious  met 
als  nearly  ceased;  while  the  luxurious  tastes  and  habits  of  the  wealthy 
impelled  a  continual  importation  of  silks,  spices,  &c.,  from  India  and  China, 
which  took  little  but  gold  and  silver  in  return.  The  circulating  medium  of 
exchanges  and  payments  being  thus  insensibly  drawn  away  and  not  replaced, 
the  Roman  Empire  languished  under  a  growing  dearth  of  money  and  a  steady 
decline  of  prices.  As  fixed  property  constantly  depreciated  in  value,  those 
who  bought  on  credit  were  too  often  unable  to  pay  at  maturity,  and  so  sank 
into  hopeless  insolvency.  Hence,  labor  lacked  employment,  since  few  chose 
to  plant,  or  build,  or  improve,  when  the  resulting  property  would  be  worth 
less  than  its  cost.  Population,  wealth,  prospeiity,  all  declined  and  dwindled 
under  the  combined  influences  of  labor  in  shackles  and  enterprise  and  busi 
ness  devoid  of  money  wherewith  to  employ  and  pay  that  which  was  still  free. 
And,  though  the  silent  progress  of  Christianity,  the  fruits  of  successive  irrup- 


G'URRENCY  AND  FINANCE.  633 

tions  and  conquests  by  barbarians,  and  the  pressure  of  general  poverty  and 
wretchedness,  combined  to  wear  out  Slavery,  the  scarcity  of  money  still 
weighed  upon  the  energies  of  Europe,  down  to  the  close  of  the  15th  century. 

The  discovery  of  America  by  Columbus,  and  the  consequent  rapid  and  vast 
increase  of  money,  wrought  a  great  and  sudden  revolution.  Prices  rapidly 
appreciated :  those  who  bought,  or  built,  or  in  any  manner  improved,  were 
almost  always  enabled  to  sell  at  an  advance  upon  cost.  Labor  was  no  longer 
a  drug  in  the  market,  but  in  eager  demand  at  prices  beyond  precedent, 
yet  steadily  augmented.  The  energies  of  the  civilized  world  received  an 
unwonted  stimulus,  and  wealth  was  increased  and  comfort  diffused  as  they 
never  before  had  been.  Soon,  Banking — which  had  already  a  foot-hold  at 
Venice,  Amsterdam  and  perhaps  two  or  three  other  great  commercial  centers 
— began  to  be  diffused,  increasing  enormously  the  power  of  a  definite  amount 
of  money  to  effect  transfers  of  property,  even  while  each  bank  adhered  to 
the  original  conception  of  a  mere  place  of  safe  deposit  for  the  precious  metals 
and  other  valuables  at  a  very  moderate  cost.  A  bit  of  paper  representing  a 
large  sum  was  passed  from  hand  to  hand  with  a  facility  previously  unknown, 
and  effected  many  transfers  of  property  while  Croesus  or  Shylock  would  have 
been  counting,  testing  and  weighing,  the  coins  which  were  tendered  in  pay 
ment  for  a  single  cargo  or  estate.  After  a  time,  it  was  discovered  that  the 
coin  represented  by  the  receipts  or  notes  of  a  bank  need  not  all  be  kept  on 
deposit — that  its  promises  to  pay  coin  on  demand  might  safely  be  based  in 
good  part  on  the  obligations  of  its  solvent  and  thrifty  borrowers  who  had 
covenanted  to  return,  on  specified  days  yet  future,  the  sums  loaned  them  res 
pectively.  Henceforth,  the  development  of  banking  was  rapid,  and  the  general 
supply  of  currency  much  larger  than  it  had  been,  even  since  the  vast  infusion 
of  the  Precious  Metals  from  the  New  World. 

The  British  Colonies  on  the  American  coast  were  late  in  their  reception  of 
the  golden  shower.  Planted  considerably  later  than  the  French  colony  north 
of  them  or  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese  colonies  south  of  them,  they  had  no 
discovered  mines  of  gold  or  silver ;  their  climate  was  harsher,  and  their  soil 
generally  less  facile  and  less  fertile  than  that  cultivated  by  their  southern 
neighbors ;  while  they  were  required  to  hew  their  future  farms  out  of  gigan 
tic  forests  which  stubbornly  resisted  their  progress.  Agriculture  and  fish 
ing,  their  two  leading  pursuits,  were  not  favorable  to  the  rapid  acquisition 
of  wealth ;  while  the  jealous  monopoly  of  the  trade  of  their  colonies  main 
tained  by  Spain  and  Portugal,  closed  their  most  direct  and  easy  road  to  the 
acquisition  of  gold  and  silver.  A  dearth  of  money  was  long  sorely  felt ;  and 
this,  with  the  frequent  resort  to  loans  by  several  of  the  colonies  in  fitting  out 
and  sustaining  large  military  expeditions  against  the  hostile  French  and 
Indians,  led  to  the  general  introduction  and  use  of  that  seductive  but  dan 
gerous  form  of  paper  currency  which  consists  of  the  naked  promises  of  the 
state  to  pay,  whenever  it  shall  be  convenient,  small  specified  sums ;  a  certain 
practical  value  being  given  to  these  promises  by  making  them,  if  not  a  legal 
tender  for  all  debts  whatever,  at  least  receivable  for  taxes  and  in  payments  to 
the  issuing  parties.  Most  of  the  British  colonies  had  become  accustomed  to 


634  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

this  currency  before  the  outbreak  of  their  Revolutionary  struggle ;  and  the 
fact  that  eight  shillings  in  some  of  them,  seven  and  sixpence  in  others,  four 
and  sixpence  in  still  others,  were  the  established,  recognized  equivalents  of 
the  Spanish  coin  known  as  a  dollar,  marks  and  measures  the  ultimate  depre 
ciation  of  the  several  issues,  in  the  estimation  of  the  authorities  which  had 
put  them  respectively  in  circulation. 

The  Revolutionary  War,  prior  to  the  entrance  of  France  upon  the  arena  as 
our  ally,  sorely  overtaxed  the  resources  of  our  fathers.  Though  the  number 
of  men  they  sent  into  the  field  as  soldiers  bore  no  greater  proportion  to  their 
numbers  than  did  that  of  our  rebels  in  the  late  civil  war,  their  deficiency 
in  manufactures  and  in  accumulated  wealth  was  so  immense,  that  the  average 
of  not  more  than  fifty  thousand  men  under  arms  drew  more  heavily  on 
their  resources  than  the  half  million  to  one  million  defenders  of  the  Union 
kept  on  foot  from  December,  1861,  to  July,  1865,  did  on  ours.  Unaccus 
tomed  to  burdensome  taxation,  with  their  foreign  trade  and  fisheries  almost 
suspended,  and  with  their  manufactures  hardly  yet  begun,  the  cost  of  recruit 
ing,  fitting  out  and  arming,  the  Continental  armies,  told  fearfully  on  their 
means,  and  led  the  newly  declared  States,  or  most  of  them,  to  an  early  resort  to 
the  now  familiar  expedient  of  Government  paper  currency.  The  new  issues 
were  known  as  Continental  money,  and  for  a  time  served  their  end ;  but,  as 
more  and  more  of  them  were  set  afloat,  and  no  means  of  redemption  pro 
vided,  they  inevitably  depreciated — at  first,  gradually  and  moderately,  but  at 
length  with  an  accelerated  momentum,  until  they  finally  sunk  out  of  use 
and  out  of  countenance — a  hundred  dollars  being  eagerly  given  for  a  break 
fast,  which  twenty-five  cents  in  specie  could  have  purchased,  and  the  bargain 
being  still  a  hard  one  for  the  caterer.  By  common  consent,  the  Continental 
notes  came  at  last  to  be  regarded  and  recognized  as  of  no  value  whatever. 
Meantime,  the  French  Alliance  had  given  the  struggling  people  of  the  United 
States  a  credit  in  Europe  to  which  they  were  not  intrinsically  entitled,  and 
loans  were  negotiated,  both  at  Paris  and  Amsterdam,  which  supplied  them 
with  arms  and  munitions,  and  enabled  them  to  feed  their  armies  much  better 
than  during  the  bitterly  remembered  winters  of  Washington's  encampment 
successively  at  Morristown  and  at  Valley  Forge.  A  handsome  loan,  consider 
ing  the  means  of  the  lenders,  wras  subscribed  by  the  merchants  of  Philadelphia, 
under  the  lead  of  Robert  Morris ;  and  the  several  States  were  enabled  from 
time  to  time  to  borrow  considerable  sums  from  their  wealthier  citizens,  and 
from  others,  which  served  to  eke  out  their  scanty  resources,  and  helped  to 
save  the  cause  of  Independence  from  collapse  through  absolute  bankruptcy. 

Peace  being  at  length  achieved,  the  average  condition  of  our  people  was 
deplorable  indeed.  The  little  Silver  and  less  Gold  which  had  been  in  the 
country  wThen  the  strife  began,  had  mainly  been  sent  abroad  in  payment  for 
munitions,  and  for  the  few  goods  that  it  was  attempted  to  import,  despite 
the  blockade  of  our  coast  by  British  cruisers — our  exports,  other  than  of 
coin,  being  of  no  account.  The  whole  country,  save  a  part  of  New  England, 
had  for  years  been  traversed  and  ravaged  by  contending  armies,  often  with 
out  rations.  Industry  had  been  fearfully  deranged  and  demoralized ;  and, 


1800.]  CURRENCY  AND  FINANCE.  635 

now  that  the  stimulus  of  war  was  withdrawn,  and  no  other  substituted,  its 
pulse  beat  languidly  indeed.  The  Continental  issues  being  discredited  and 
discarded,  there  was  next  to  no  money  in  circulation,  and  very  little  which 
would  command  money.  Our  Manufactures  were  still  in  the  germ ;  our 
Agriculture  was  yet  struggling  with  the  primeval  wilderness,  and  every  way 
rude,  desultory  and  inefficient.  And,  could  its  products  have  been  instantly 
doubled,  there  were  no  markets  open  to  receive  them.  Not  till  the  great 
wars  which,  years  afterward,  grew  out  of  the  French  Revolution,  did  Europe 
open  wide  her  ports  to  our  staples ;  while  the  trade  of  this  Continent,  outside 
of  our  then  comparatively  narrow  limits,  was  held  and  treated  by  the  colo 
nizing  powers  as  a  close  monopoly  in  the  hands  of  their  subjects.  Hence, 
the  payment  of  debts,  and  even  of  taxes,  was  widely  deemed  a  moral  impos 
sibility  ;  and  the  Shays's  Rebellion  in  Western  Massachusetts,  with  kindred 
though  less  pronounced  and  less  formidable  commotions  in  New  Hampshire 
and  other  States,  attested  the  general  prevalence  of  poverty  and  misery.  The 
country  remained  torpid,  as  if  stricken  by  paralysis,  until  the  adoption  of 
the  Federal  Constitution  and  the  formation  of  a  more  efficient  government 
under  the  Presidency  of  Gen.  Washington. 

To  Alexander  Hamilton  was  now  confided  the  charge  of  our  National 
Finances  ;  and  never  was  a  selection  more  fortunate.  A  zealous  patriot,  a 
good  soldier,  an  able  lawyer,  his  services  in  the  domain  of  Finance  have 
dwarfed,  by  comparison,  all  his  other  achievements.  By  procuring  the  charter 
of  a  National  Bank  and  the  passage  of  a  Tariff  which  avowed  the  Protection 
of  Home  Manufactures  to  be  one  of  its  cardinal  objects ;  by  recommending 
and  carrying  through  Congress  the  Assumption  by  the  Union  of  the  Debts 
of  the  several  States — debts  incurred  in  prosecuting  and  invigorating  the 
War  of  Independence — and  by  providing  the  ways  and  means  of  meeting 
regularly  the  interest  and  gradually  extinguishing  the  principal  of  the  entire 
National  Debt  thus  consolidated — Col.  Hamilton  firmly  established  the  solv 
ency  and  credit  of  the  Government,  while  arousing  the  Industry  and  Trade 
of  the  country  from  the  torpor  of  despair  to  the  activity  of  thrift  and  well- 
grounded  life. 

The  National  Debt  thus  consolidated  (the  discarded  Continental  money 
not  included)  amounted  to  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-five  Millions ;  but,  if 
we  add  to  this  the  sums  afterward  accorded — not  as  a  dole  of  charity,  but 
as  the  payment  of  a  sacred  debt — in  pensions  to  the  ill-fed  and  worse-paid 
soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  it  will  be  swelled  to  Two  Hundred  Millions  of  Dol 
lars — a  heavier  burden,  if  we  consider  the  comparative  population  and  wealth 
of  the  country  in  1790  and  in  1865  respectively,  and  the  relative  value  of 
money — than  was  or  is  that  imposed  on  us  by  the  Slaveholders1  Rebellion. 
Yet  the  impoverished  country  now  commenced  forthwith  the  regular  payment 
of  the  interest  on  that  large  amount,  with  the  current  cost  of  supporting  the 
Government,  and  soon  proceeded  to  reduce  the  principal  so  vigorously  and 
persistently  that — in  spite  of  the  rupture  of  '98  with  France  and  the  various 
embargoes  to  which  our  infant  commerce  was  subjected,  whether  by  the  in 
justice  of  European  rulers  or  the  folly  of  our  own — the  principal  of  the  Debt 


636  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

had  been  gradually  reduced  to  Forty-five  Millions,  when  the  outbreak  in 
1812  of  our  second  War  with  Great  Britain  soon  raised  it  again  to  an  aggre 
gate  of  Seventy-five  Millions. 

In  this  War,  though  its  duration  was  brief  and  the  efforts  put  forth  on  our 
side  must  be  pronounced  feeble  and  halting  in  view  of  our  vastly  increased 
resources,  the  National  .credit  was  strained  to  the  utmost.  Before  it  closed, 
our  Banks,  save  those  of  New  England,  had  suspended  specie  payment,  and 
their  notes  were  depreciated  from  ten  to  forty  per  cent.  Yet  the  Treasury 
continued  to  receive  those  notes,  not  merely  in  payment  of  subscriptions  to 
its  loans,  but  in  payment  of  duties  on  imports  as  well ;  giving  to  the  importer 
at  Norfolk,  Charleston  or  Savannah,  a  decided  advantage  over  the  importer 
at  Boston,  Providence  or  Portland.  And,  though  attention  was  called  to 
this  injustice  by  Mr.  Webster  in  1815,  no  action  was  taken  for  its  correction 
until  late  in  the  following  year. 

Although  the  depreciated  notes  of  Suspended  Banks  were  freely  taken  in 
payment  of  subscriptions  to  loans,  and  twelve  per  cent,  was  at  length  the  prof 
fered  rate  of  interest,  yet  some  loans  were  still  accepted  and  paid  in  the  bills 
of  Suspended  Banks,  at  a  discount  of  twelve  per  cent.  In  other  words,  the 
Government  received  but  seventy-five  or  six  dollars  in  real  money  for  its  prom 
ise  to  pay  one  hundred  dollars,  with  interest  meantime  at  twelve  per  cent. 

The  Protective  policy  having  been  deliberately  affirmed,  after  earnest, 
protracted  debate,  in  the  passage  of  the  Tariff  of  1816,  and  the  Protective 
principle  having  received  a  fuller  application  in  the  Tariffs  of  1824  and  1828, 
especially  in  the  latter,  the  country  bounded  forward  on  a  career  of  prosper 
ity,  through  the  increase  and  diversification  of  its  Industry,  so  that  the  Debt 
melted  away  more  and  more  rapidly,  until  the  last  dollar  was  paid  in  1836, 
and  a  surplus  of  thirty-six  millions  was  accumulated  in  the  Treasury,  three- 
fifths  of  which,  by  direction  of  Congress,  was  deposited  pro  rain  with  the 
several  States  in  the  course  of  1836-7.  Meantime,  the  attempt  of  South  Caro 
lina,  under  the  lead  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  to  nullify  the  Tariff  by  the  Ordinance 
of  her  Convention,  had  led  to  the  adoption  in  1833  of  a  Compromise  Tariff, 
proposed  by  Mr.  Clay  to  prevent  the  passage  of  one  reported  by  Mr.  Verplanck 
from  the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means,  making  instant  and  more  sweeping 
reductions.  By  the  Compromise  Tariff,  the  existing  duties  were  reduced 
each  year  by  the  remission  of  one-tenth  of  the  excess  over  twenty  per  cent, 
ad  valorem,  so  that,  on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1842,  no  article  imported  should 
pay  a  higher  duty  than  twenty  per  cent.:  that  rate  being  assumed  by  the  Free 
Traders  as  the  proper  revenue  standard. 

But  here  a  strange  anomaly  was  presented.  While  the  Tariff  stigmatized 
by  Free  Traders  as  prohibitory  had  afforded  a  revenue  (wholly  from  duties 
on  imports,  except  what  accrued  from  sales  of  Public  Lands)  which  amply 
supported  the  Government  and  paid  off  the  National  Debt,  interest  and 
principal,  the  Revenue  Tariff  failed  to  supply  the  means  of  barely  support 
ing  the  Government  in  time  of  peace  and  in  the  entire  absence  of  Debt ! 
Mr.  Van  Buren's  Administration  (1837-41)  was  compelled  to  issue  Treasury 
Notes  (that  is,  borrow  money),  before  the  climax  of  reduction  had  been 


ISfiO.l  CURRENCY  AND  FINANCE.  Qjjy 

reached ;  -while  for  the  two  years  (July,  '40  to  July,  '42)  wherein  the  duties 
stood  at  or  near  the  assumed  revenue  point,  the  total  receipts  into  the  Treasury 
from  duties  on  imports  fell  below  Fifteen  Millions  per  annum.  Congress 
was  thus  constrained  to  return  in  1842  to  Protective  rates  by  the  demon 
strated  impossibility  of  meeting  the  current  expenditures  under  any  other. 

The  first  National  Bank,  chartered  in  1791,  had  been  allowed  to  expire  by 
limitation.  A  bill  to  re-charter  it  was  lost  in  the  Senate  by  the  casting  vote 
of  its  President.  The  sad  experience  of  the  War  of  1812,  however,  opened 
many  eyes;  so  that  Messrs.  Clay,  Calhoun  and  other  Republicans,  who  had 
opposed  the  re-charter,  were  zealous  advocates  of  the  new  Bank  chartered 
in  1816.  This  encountered  the  active  hostility  of  President  Jackson,  who 
vetoed  the  bill  extending  its  charter  which  had  passed  both  branches  of  a 
Jackson  Congress ;  and  the  re-election  of  that  President  soon  afterward 
(1832)  sealed  its  doom.  The  removal  of  the  Federal  Deposits  from  this  Bank 
in  1833,  in  disregard  of  a  vote  of  the  House,  and  through  the  instrumental 
ity  of  a  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  (Roger  B.  Taney)  appointed  for  the  pur 
pose,  vice  William  J.  Duane,  removed,  lashed  the  political  elements  to  fury ; 
but,  after  a  vehement  struggle,  the  President  triumphed,  and  the  Deposits  were 
not  restored.  The  Bank,  having  afterward  accepted  a  re-charter  from  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania,  lost  its  National  character,  and  ultimately  foiled. 

The  Debt  incurred  under  the  Revenue  Tariff  was  soon  wiped  out  upon  a 
return  to  Protection;  but  the  War  with  Mexico,  which  broke  out  in  1840, 
involved  us  in  a  fresh  Debt  before  its  close,  which  was  swelled  by  the  pay 
ment  of  Fifteen  Millions  of  Dollars  to  that  Republic  in  compensation  for 
cessions  of  territory  made  by  her  in  the  treaty  of  peace,  and  again  by  the 
payment  of  Ten  more  Millions  to  Texas  under  the  Compromise  of  1850,  for 
the  surrender  of  her  claim  to  territory  north  of  her  allotted  boundaries, 
known  as  New  Mexico.  Yet  the  general  balance  of  Income  over  Expendi 
ture,  even  under  the  reduced  Tariff  of  1846,  was  gradually  reducing  the  Debt; 
so  that  Hon.  Howell  Cobb,  Mr.  Buchanan's  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  bought 
up  and  cancelled  (1858-9)  several  Millions  of  outstanding  five  per  cent, 
stock,  for  which  he  paid  a  premium  of  over  fifteen  per  cent.  Before  the  close 
of  that  Administration,  however,  the  Income  fell  off  so  that  a  new  six  per  cent, 
loan  was  advertised,  bids,  mostly  above  par,  received  and  accepted  (October, 
1860) ;  but  the  prospect  of  coming  trouble  induced  many  of  the  bidders  to 
forfeit  the  one  per  cent,  deposited  as  a  guaranty,  rather  than  fulfill  their  en 
gagements,  leaving  the  Treasury  still  empty.  Mr.  Cobb  now  advertised  a 
new  loan  (December,  1860),  soliciting  proposals  for  three-year  bonds  at  par — 
the  bidder  to  name  the  rate  of  interest  at  which  he  would  trust  the  Govern 
ment  with  his  money.  Secession  at  the  South  having  by  this  time  been  fairly 
inaugurated,  threatening  a  great  civil  war  of  doubtful  issue,  but  a  small  sum 
was  offered  so  low  as  six  per  cent.,  while  bids  were  made  at  no  less  than 
thirty-six  per  cent,  per  annum ;  the  average  of  the  bids  received  being  not 
far  from  twelve  per  cent.  The  Secretary  accepted  only  the  bids  at  twelve 
per  cent,  or  under,  though  these  did  not  nearly  supply  the  Twelve  Millions 
he  had  asked  for ;  and  so — before  a  blow  had  been  struck  or  a  shot  fired  in 


638  TQE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [I860. 

the  great  War  of  Secession — our  Government  credit  was  tainted  and  its  ener 
gies  crippled  by  the  fact,  everywhere  notorious,  that  it  had  been  obliged  to 
borrow  money  at  a  rate  so  exorbitant  as  twelve  per  cent,  per  annum.  And 
the  money  thus  obtained  was  required  to  defray  its  ordinary  peace  outgoes  ; 
no  dime  having  been  expended  to  increase  its  armaments  or  strengthen  its 
defences  down  to  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Buchanan,  March  3,  1861. 

Six  weeks  later,  the  guns  of  the  new-born  Southern  Confederacy,  long 
before  planted  within  easy  range  of  the  devoted  Sumter,  thundered  out 
that  Confederacy's  challenge  of  the  Union  to  mortal  combat.  They  roused 
to  action  a  people  and  a  Government  as  unprepared  for  the  deadly  fray  as 
had  ever  yet  been  called  to  struggle  for  existence  with  a  determined  and 
sanguinary  foe.  The  Rebels  enjoyed  from  the  start  the  immense  advantage 
of  thoroughly  comprehending  the  nature  and  magnitude  of  the  contest  they 
inaugurated,  and  of  realizing  that  all  hopes  of  compromise  or  conciliation 
were  idle  and  delusive.  Slavery  made  war,  not  for  half  the  countrv,  but  the 
whole  of  it.  Had  it  succeeded  in  wrenching  from  the  Union  an  acknowl 
edgement  of  the  independence  of  the  Confederacy,  it  would  in  time  have 
drawn  nearly  or  quite  every  Free  State  into  its  league,  by  a  force  resistless 
as  gravitation.  To  far-sighted  observers,  it  was  apparent  from  the  outset 
that  but  one  of  the  two  great  National  Debts  that  the  struggle  was  certain 
to  call  into  existence  would  ever  be  paid.  In  the  first  flush  of  popular 
enthusiasm  excited  by  the  bombardment  and  reduction  of  Port  Sumter, 
money,  arms,  munitions  and  supplies  of  all  kinds,  as  well  as  men,  were  boun 
teously  proffered  to  the  Federal  Government  on  its  own  terms.  Banks  and 
capitalists  unlocked  their  coffers,  merchants  threw  open  their  stores,  and 
bade  it  take  whatever  it  would  have.  This,  of  course,  could  not  long  con 
tinue,  as  the  war  daily  assumed  broader  proportions  and  made  yet  greater 
exactions.  When  Congress  met,  (July  4,  1861),  its  attention  was  promptly 
and  emphatically  called  to  the  necessity  of  providing  ways  and  means  for 
the  prosecution  of  the  struggle.  Though  very  few  yet  apprehended  that 
the  war  would  be  a  long  one,  the  urgent  requirement  of  new  taxes  as  well  as 
new  loans  was  generally  conceded.  Mr.  Lincoln  had  called  to  the  head  of 
the  Treasury  Department,  Hon.  Salmon  P.  Chase,  who,  while  four  years  Gov 
ernor  of  Ohio,  had  acquired  some  practical  familiarity  wi|h  Finance.  An 
able  and  courageous  statesman,  Mr.  Chase,  throughout  the  three  trying  years 
that  followed,  evinced  a  faith  in  the  magnitude  and  elasticity  of  the  National 
resources  which  could  not  fail  to  influence  the  judgment  and  the  sympathies 
of  those  with  whom  he  dealt.  In  the  darkest  hours  of  National  disaster  and 
depression,  he  appealed  to  those  who  had  money  as  though  they  could  no 
more  afford  to  refuse  him  loans  than  he  could  afford  to  do  without  them. 

The  Banks,  having  been  borrowed  dry  by  the  Treasury,  suspended  Specie 
Payments  near  the  close  of  1861.  It  was  wholly  impossible  to  borrow  coin 
thereafter;  while  the  issue  of  Treasury  Notes  was  a  resource  nearly  or  quite 
exhausted.  It  was  clear  that  a  Paper  Currency,  irredeemable  while  the  War 
lasted,  must  be  employed  to  maintain  our  extended  Military  operations,  now 
calling  for  Forty  or  Fifty  Millions  per  month.  To  the  late  Thaddeus  Stevens 


1809.]  CURRENCY  AND  FINANCE.  639 

justly  belongs  the  credit  (or  discredit)  of  proposing,  early  in  1862,  that  the 
Treasury  Notes  henceforth  issued  should  be  a  Legal  Tender,  not  only  in  all 
payments  to  the  Government,  but  in  the  payment  of  debts  due  by  and  to 
individuals  or  corporations.  The  act  which  first  embodied  this  bold  propo 
sition  provided  that  no  more  than  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Millions  of  Treas 
ury  Notes,  including  the  Fifty  Millions  already  afloat,  should  ever  be  issued, 
and  that  each  and  all  of  them  should  be  fundable  at  the  holder's  option  in 
bonds  of  the  United  States,  bearing  six  per  cent,  interest,  and  redeemable 
after  five  years  and  within  twenty  years.  Congress  decided  to  make  the 
interest  payable  in  coin,  which  was  no  part  of  Mr.  Stevens's  programme,  but 
was  strenuously  resisted  by  him — so  strenuously  that  he  finally  voted  against 
the  bill.  The  Legal  Tender  clause  of  the  measure,  however,  commanded  his 
vigorous,  effective  advocacy,  and  was  probably  indebted  thereto  for  its  tri 
umph.  The  act  —  which  also  provided  for  a  new  loan  of  Five  Hundred 
Millions — was  approved  by  President  Lincoln,  Feb.  25,  1862. 

Experience  had  long  before  proved  the  instability  of  whatever  barriers 
may  be  opposed,  in  times  of  war  and  public  peril,  to  the  augmentation  of 
Paper  Issues.  Though  the  Legal  Tender  act  provided  that  there  should 
never  be  more  than  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Millions  of  Legal  Tenders  afloat, 
the  amount  authorized  was  soon  increased  to  Four  Hundred  Millions,  while 
the  privilege  of  funding  them  in  Five-Twenties  at  par  was  restricted  to  a  few 
months  and  then  withdrawn.  The  original  act  had  further  stipulated  that 
at  least  one  per  cent,  of  the  entire  National  Debt  should  be  bought  up  and 
canceled  in  the  course  of  each  fiscal  year ;  but  no  consistent  regard  has  been 
had  to  this  provision. 

The  depreciation  of  the  Legal  Tenders — at  first,  slow  and  slight — became 
rapid  and  serious  after  the  grave  reverses  of  McClellan  on  the  Peninsula  and 
of  Pope  in  his  Rappahannock  campaign;  still  more,  after  the  successive  fail 
ures  of  Bumside  at  Fredericksburg  and  Hooker  at  Chancellorsville.  There 
were  later  hours  of  intense  popular  depression  when  Lee  was  advancing  as  a 
conqueror  into  Pennsylvania,  and  again  when  Grant,  after  his  bloody  advance 
through  Virginia  to  the  James,  was  stopped  by  Lee's  fortified  lines  enclosing 
Petersburg,  and  encountered  a  severe  and  seemingly  needless  rebuff  at  the 
explosion  of  Burnside's  mine.  The  incursion  of  Early  into  Maryland,  (July, 
1864),  and  the  defeat  of  "Wallace  at  the  Monocacy,  exposing  Baltimore  and 
Washington  to  attack  if  not  to  capture,  while  Hunter,  driven  from  Lynch  - 
burg  over  the  Allegheriies,  was  making  his  long  detour  through  West  Vir 
ginia  to  regain  the  valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  incited  another  more  transient 
spasm  of  National  despair,  which  sent  up  the  premium  on  gold  very  nearly 
to  its  highest  point.  That  point  was  290— that  is,  $1,000  in  gold  would 
purchase  $2,900  of  Greenbacks,  or  Treasury  Notes,  though  these  were  in  the 
law's  eye  equivalent,  dollar  for  dollar,  to  those,  and  would  legally  discharge  any 
mortgage  or  pay  any  debt  incurred  when  there  were  no  dollars  not  equal  to 
coin.  For  a  few  days  only  was  the  legal  currency  so  enormously  depreciated ; 
but  it  may  be  fairly  estimated  that  the  average  depreciation  of  the  Green 
backs,  throughout  the  years  wherein  our  present  vast  Debt  was  contracted, 


640  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1SC3. 

was  equal  to  fifty  per  cent. — that  is,  $150  in  Greenbacks  would  buy  but  $100 
in  coin.  And  it  can  not  be  doubted  that  our  Debt  is  considerably  larger  than 
it  would  have  been  had  it  been  found  possible  to  maintain  Specie  Payments 
and  yet  borrow  at  fair  rates  the  vast  sums  required  to  raise,  equip,  arm,  trans 
port  and  feed,  our  immense  armies. 

Whether  the  Debt  would  have  been  larger  or  smaller  had  the  Government 
really  tried  to  maintain  Specie  Payments  and  had  borrowed  the  money  needed 
on  such  terms  as  must  have  been  proffered,  is  very  doubtful,  assuming  that 
the  money  could  thus  have  been  borrowed  at  all.  We  have  seen  that,  in  the 
comparatively  trivial  war  with  Great  Britain  in  1812-14,  our  Government 
borrowed  money  at  twelve  per  cent.,  receiving  for  each  $100  bond  but  $88, 
and  accepting  this  in  the  paper  of  non-specie  paying  banks,  often  15  to  25  per 
cent,  below  par.  Had  it  been  possible  to  fight  out  our  civil  war  on  a  Hard 
Money  basis,  we  must  have  encountered,  on  the  offering  of  each  new  loan,  a  pre 
sumption  that  the  next  would  be  proffered  on  terms  still  more  advantageous  to 
the  taker;  hence,  too  many  would  have  quietly  resolved  not  to  bid  for  this 
loan,  but  await  the  Government's  tender,  a  few  months  hence,  of  conditions 
still  more  tempting.  The  British  Consols  (three  per  cents.),  which  now  range 
between  90  and  95,  seldom  touching  the  lower  point  indicated,  were  largely 
issued  at  or  below  60,  were  sometimes  down  nearly  to  50,  and,  at  the  time 
('98)  of  the  great  mutiny  in  the  fleet  at  the  Nore,  so  low  as  48.  It  is,  highly 
probable  that,  even  had  our  Government  adopted  the  perilous  expedient  of 
carrying  on  the  war  with  the  notes  of  the  no  longer  specie-paying  State 
Banks,  it  would  have  had  to  sell  its  bonds,  even  for  these,  at  a  very  heavy 
discount,  long  before  the  triumphs  of  Sherman  at  Atlanta  and  Grant  at  Ap- 
pomattox. 

Even  with  a  currency  which  included  $400,000,000  of  Greenbacks  and 
$300,000,000  of  National  Bank  Notes  (the  substitution  of  National  for  State 
Bank  issues  being  an  integral  part  of  the  new  system  of  Finance),  the  Treas 
ury  was  constrained  to  resort  to  various  devices  and  expedients  to  meet  the 
incessant,  ever-widening  demands  upon  it  for  money.  First  of  these  in  the 
order  of  time  was  that  of  Certificates  of  Indebtedness — usually  payable  one 
year  from  date — wherewith  contractors  to  furnish  arms,  munitions  and  sup 
plies  of  all  kinds,  were  mainly  paid  a  good  part  of  their  bills — they  getting 
them  discounted  at  banks  or  selling  them  to  individual  purchasers  at  1  to  5 
per  cent,  below  par.  Very  large  drafts  on  the  Treasury  were  temporarily 
headed  off  by  the  use  of  these  Certificates.  When  the  Five  Hundred  Million 
six  per  cent,  loan  ("Five-Twenties")  had  been  skillfully  engineered  by  Jay 
Cooke  to  a  considerable  premium,  a  five  per  cent,  loan  ("Ten-Forty")  of 
Two  Hundred  Millions  was  put  on  the  market,  and  with  more  difficulty 
piloted  to  its  appointed  haven.  Then  more  "  Five-Twenties  "  were  offered ; 
and,  as  the  sale  of  these  slackened,  because  the  ability  to  lend  was  overtaxed 
by  the  Government's  insatiable  demands,  a  "Compound  Interest  Note," 
bearing  six  per  cent,  (currency)  interest  and  payable  at  the  expiration  of 
three  years — being  meantime  a  legal  tender  for  the  amount  borne  on  its  face — 
was  presented  and  worked  off,  to  the  amount  of  nearly  or  quite  Two  Hun- 


1869.]  CURRENCY  AND  FINANCE.  G41 

dred  Millions.  Finally,  a  "  Seven-Thirty "  was  devised  and  very  largely 
negotiated,  mainly  near  the  close  or  after  the  close  of  the  struggle.  This 
bond  was  payable  three  years  from  date,  in  the  legal  currency  of  the  coun 
try,  with  interest  at  the  rate  of  7  -j3d  per  annum,  or  two  cents  per  day  on  each 
$100  loaned,  and  was  fundable  on  maturity  at  the  option  of  the  holder  in 
"  Five-Twenties  "  at  par.  This  option  proving  valuable,  nearly  all  the  Seven 
or  Eight  Hundred  Millions  of  these  bonds  issued  were  ultimately  funded  in 
''Five-Twenties,"  which  are  still  outstanding. 

At  no  time  was  opportunity  offered  for  question  or  doubt  as  to  the  medium 
in  which  the  interest  on  the  various  loans  was  payable.  The  "  Five-Twen 
ties  "  and  the  ''Ten-Forties  "  bore  on  their  face  a  promise  that  the  interest 
was  payable  in  coin ;  while  the  twenty-year  Sixes  issued  prior  to  the  passage 
of  the  Legal  Tender  act,  with  all  the  previously  outstanding  Debt,  having 
been  contracted  when  dollars  meant  dollars,  no  question  could  fairly  arise 
as  to  these.  So  with  the  "  Compound  Interest"  notes,  "  Seven-Thirties,"  and 
Certificates  of  Indebtedness,  which  were  issued  with  a  clear  understanding 
that  they  would  be  paid  in  "  lawful  money."  But  as  to  the  "  Five-Twenties," 
including  those  ultimately  issued  in  redemption  of  the  "  Seven-Thirties,"  it 
was  argued  that  the  principal  might  fairly  be  paid  in  Greenbacks,  because 
nothing  was  expressly  stipulated  to  the  contrary,  while  the  Legal  Tender  act, 
in  authorizing  the  issue  of  $150,000,000  Greenbacks,  declared  that  "these 
notes  shall  be  a  legal  tender  for  all  debts,  public  and  private,"  except  Duties 
on  Imports  and  interest  on  the  National  Debt. 

A  ready  answer  to  this  cavil  suggests  itself  when  we  consider  that  nobody 
supposed  or  imagined,  when  the  Legal  Tender  act  was  passed,  that  any  differ 
ence  in  value  between  coin  and  "lawful  money"  would  exist  when  the  principal 
of  those  bonds  should  fall  due.  "Legal  Tender"  was  reluctantly  adopted  by 
Congress  as  a  temporary  expedient,  designed  in  no  case  to  outlast  the  heavy 
requirements  of  actual  war.  To  have  stipulated  in  1862  that  bonds  due  after 
18G6  should  not  be  paid  in  depreciated  paper  would  have  seemed  as  absurd 
as  to  enact  that  snow-banks  and  ice-cakes  should  not  be  allowed  to  encumber 
our  harvest-fields  next  August. 

Some  timorous  soul  having  suggested,  soon  after  the  "Five-Twenties" 
were  first  put  on  the  market,  that  the  principal  might  be  held  payable  in 
Greenbacks,  the  Government  Agents  for  their  negotiation  gave  the  most  un 
qualified  assurance  that  they  were  payable  in  coin.  Their  authority  in  the 
premises  being  questioned,  Secretary  Chase  repeated  those  assurances ;  and 
they  were  successively  reiterated  by  his  successors,  Win.  Pitt  Fessenden  and 
Hugh  McCulloch.  When  the  subject  first  attracted  the  attention  of  Con 
gress,  several  leading  members,  who  had  aided  in  maturing  and  passing  the 
Legal  Tender  act,  expressed  their  entire  concurrence  in  the  exposition  given 
by  Secretary  Chase — Mr.  Thaddeus  Stevens,  who  had  stoutly  resisted  the 
proposition  to  make  the  interest  payable  in  coin,  alone  insisting  that  the 
principal  might  properly  be  paid  in  Greenbacks.  The  question  thus  raised 
entered  largely  into  the  Presidential  contest  of  1868 — the  Republican  Na 
tional  Convention  which  nominated  Grant  and  Colfax  having  somewhat 
41 


642  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

vaguely  taken  ground  in  favor  of  evincing  the  utmost  good  faith  toward  the 
public  creditors,  fulfilling  not  the  letter  merely  but  the  spirit  of  our  obliga 
tions  to  them;  while  the  Democratic  Convention  which  nominated  Seymour 
and  Blair  more  specifically  resolved  that  all  National  obligations  not  ex 
pressly  payable  in  coin,  might  and  should  be  discharged  in  "  lawful  money." 
The  election  of  Gen.  Grant  is  a  virtual  condemnation  of  this  dictum. 

The  liquidated  Debt  of  the  United  States  was  reported  by  Secretary 
McCulloch,  on  the  1st  of  August,  18G5,  to  have  been  swelled  to  the  enormous 
amount  of  $2,757,000,000 ;  and  it  was  about  the  same  on  the  1st  of  the  suc 
ceeding  month.  If  we  add  the  sum  afterward  voted  by  Congress  as  muster- 
ing-out  bounty  to  honorably  discharged  soldiers  who  had  fought  in  the  War 
for  the  Union,  and  the  sums  at  that  time  due  and  since  allowed  to  States  for 
equipping  and  arming  regiments  and  batteries  for  that  War,  the  real  aggre 
gate  of  our  National  Debt  cannot  have  fallen  much  short  of  Three  Billions 
of  Dollars.  Even  this  estimate  takes  no  account  of  Pensions  accorded  to 
soldiers  permanently  disabled  and  crippled  in  that  War,  which  call  for  some 
Twenty-five  Millions  per  annum,  and  may  be  fairly  estimated  as  equal  to  an 
additional  Debt  of  not  less  than  Two  to  Three  Hundred  Millions.  And  this 
vast  Debt  imposed  an  annual  charge  on  the  National  Industry  of  more 
than  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Millions  of  Dollars ;  whereas  the  much  larger 
Public  Debt  of  Great  Britain  (Four  Billions  of  Dollars)  calls  for  but  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty  Millions  of  interest  per  annum. 

Against  this  enormous  National  Debt,  our  country,  though  severely  devas 
tated  and  impoverished  by  four  years  of  gigantic,  costly  warfare,  began 
forthwith  to  make  head  :  so  that  Mr.  McCulloch  wTas  enabled  to  report,  on 
the  1st  of  December,  1867,  that  the  principal  had  already  been  reduced  by  a 
sum  of  Two  Hundred  and  Sixty-six  Millions  of  Dollars.  Since  then,  how 
ever,  Congress  has  abolished  the  taxes  on  raw  Cotton  and  on  nearly  all  des 
criptions  of  Manufactures,  while  some  Forty  Millions  of  new  bonds  have  been 
issued  in  aid  of  the  various  Pacific  Railroads :  the  net  result  being  a  complete 
arrest  of  the  reduction  of  the  principal  of  our  indebtedness  and  a  moderate 
increase  of  its  nominal  aggregate — the  bonds  issued  to  Railroads  being  prima 
rily  payable,  principal  and  interest,  by  them,  and  only  in  case  of  their  failure, 
by  the  United  States.  The  fact  that  we  are  no  longer  paying  off  Debt  is, 
however,  unhappily  beyond  question. 

A  speedy  resumption  of  Specie  Payments,  and  the  funding  of  our  Five- 
Twenties  which  have  been  five  years  outstanding,  with  other  past-due  obli 
gations,  in  a  new  bond  which  shall  draw  but  four  or  (at  most)  five  per  cent, 
interest,  are  among  our  most  pressing  duties.  We  ought  thus  to  be  able, 
without  increasing  our  taxes,  but  by  enforcing  their  more  uniform  collection, 
aided  by  a  wise  and  vigorous  retrenchment  of  expenditures,  to  reduce  the 
.principal  of  our  Debt  by  not  less  than  Fifty  Millions  per  annum,  and  thus, 
by  increasing  our  annual  payments  of  principal,  as  less  and  less  shall  be  re 
quired  for  the  satisfaction  of  interest,  extinguish  the  last  dollar  of  our  Debt 
before  .the  close  of  the  present  century. 


1869.]  MINING.  643 

MINING. 

BT  ALBERT  D.   RICHARDSON. 

METALS  were  known  at  a  very  early  period.  Most  barbarous  and  semi-civ 
ilized  nations,  especially  Orientals,  have  always  decorated  their  persons  with 
metallic  ornaments ;  and  for  this  purpose  probably,  minerals  were  first  dug 
from  the  "  everlasting  hills."  Abraham  sent  ear-rings  and  bracelets  as  a  wed 
ding  present  to  Isaac's  wTife.  They  have  been  preserved  in  the  granite  tombs 
of  Egyptian  kings,  and  in  the  buried  cities  of  Pompeii  and  Herculaneum. 
They  were  found  by  Alexander  in  Babylon,  by  Cortcz  in  Mexico,  and  by 
Lewis  and  Clarke  among  the  remotest  American  Indians. 

Metals  became  very  early  a  medium  of  exchange.  The  special  fitness  of 
gold  and  silver  for  money  was  obvious  even  to  barbarians,  on  account  of 
their  brightness,  the  ease  of  distinguishing  them  from  other  metals  and 
of  making  and  stamping  them,  and  their  hardness,  and  freedom  from  liability 
to  rust.  Abraham  paid  four  hundred  shekels  of  silver,  "current  money  with 
the  merchant,1' — the  Catholic  version  has  it  "common  current  money," — for 
the  cave  of  Machpelah,  as  a  burial-place  for  Sarah  his  wife.  His  great- 
grandson  too  was  sold  as  a  slave  for  twenty  pieces  of  silver.  At  first  gold 
and  silver  seem  to  have  been  used  in  bars  and  wedges.  Herodotus  attributes 
the  invention  of  coinage  to  the  Lybians.  Coins  had  spread  through  the 
civilized  world  four  centuries  before  Christ.  The  ancient  Mexicans  had  a 
tin  currency.  Lycurgus  made  the  money  of  Sparta  of  iron,  and  it  is  said  to 
have  required  a  cart  and  a  yoke  of  oxen  to  remove  a  hundred  dollars  of  it. 
The  Carthaginians  made  money  of  leather.  Caesar's  Commentaries  relate 
that  the  early  Britons  used  for  money  rings  of  brass  or  iron,  "  determined  by 
weight."  In  later  times,  tin,  pewter  and  gun-metal  have  been  used  in  coin 
age  in  England,  and  platinum  in  Russia. 

The  first  American  coin  wras  a  brass  penny  for  the  Virginia  colony,  made 
in  1612.  It  was  struck  in  the  Bermudas,  then  known  as  the  Summer  Islands, 
and  it  bore  the  legend  "Sommer  Island"  and  "a  hogge"  on  one  side,  with 
a  ship  in  full  sail,  firing  a  gun,  on  the  other.  "  Pine  Tree  Shillings  "  were  coined 
in  Massachusetts  in  1652,  and  some  even  circulated  in  England,  where  Charles 
II.  was  assured  that  the  tree  represented  the  Royal  Oak  which  saved  his  life. 
This  so  mollified  the  u  merrie  monarch "  that  he  was  pleased  to  term  the 
sturdy  colonists  a  "  parcel  of  honest  dogs."  There  is  a  story  that  the  master 
of  the  mint  gave  to  his  daughter  as  her  wedding  dowry,  her  weight  in  Pine 
Tree  shillings,  putting  her  in  one  end  of  the  scales  and  filling-  up  the  other 
with  the  shillings  till  they  lifted  her  from  the  floor.  Our  first  national  coin 
was  the  copper  cent  of  1787.  Our  present  decimal  system,  invented  by 
Thomas  Jefferson,  went  into  operation  in  1792.  Our  metallic  coinage  is  not 
so  extensive  as  that  of  Great  Britain.  It  has  been  calculated  that  the  British 
silver  shillings  alone  would  form  a  column  upwards  of  a  hundred  miles  high. 
Mining  among  the  ancients  was  rude  and  simple.  Hand  washing  for  gold 
and  the  quarrying  of  other  metal  veins  near  the  surface,  were  the  methods  first 
practised.  The  tools  found  in  ancient  mines  on  this  continent,  are  merely 


644  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

rough  hammers  of  stone.  Pictorial  representations  of  Egyptian  mining 
show  criminals  and  prisoners  of  war  digging  ore  out  of  the  ground,  crush 
ing  it  into  small  pieces,  grinding  it  to  powder  in  hand  mills,  and  washing 
away  the  refuse  and  earth  on  broad  inclined  planes,  while  the  smelters  are 
purifying  the  metals  in  crucibles.  Blasting  by  gun-powder  was  introduced 
about  1600.  Before  that  time  shafts  and  horizontal  galleries  were  excavated 
by  hand,  with  great  labor,  and  ores  carried  to  the  surface  on  the  heads  or 
shoulders  of  workmen.  The  earliest  improvement  was  the  windlass.  The 
use  of  horse  and  water  power  successively  followed,  and  then  the  steam  en 
gine  which  was  first  applied  to  mining  by  Watts,  in  Cornwall.  The  trans 
portation  of  heavy  ores  led  to  the  introduction  of  wooden  railways,  about  1676. 
Iron  was  substituted  half  a  century  before  the  invention  of  the  locomotive. 

A  mine  usually  consists  of  a  vertical  shaft,  from  which  tunnels  branch  off 
into  the  mineral  veins.  The  deepest  mine  in  the  United  States  is  in  Nevada, 
(silver),  and  is  something  over  1,200  ft.  The  deepest  shaft  in  Cornwall,  (tin), 
is  2,112  ft.  There  is  a  silver  mine  in  Peru  2,400  ft.  The  (silver  and  lead) 
mine  of  Andreasberg,  in  the  Hartz  mountains,  is  2,500  ft,,  and  a  now  aban 
doned  mine  in  Bohemia  reached  the  unparalleled  depth  of  more  than  3,000 
feet.  There  is  a  silver  mine  in  the  Andes  11,375  feet  above  sea-level,  and  a 
gold  mine  in  Colorado,  11,200  feet. 

Steam  hoisting  machines  are  now  so  perfect,  that  workmen  are  lowered 
into  or  lifted  out  of  the  deepest  mines  smoothly,  safely,  and  almost  instan 
taneously.  The  earth  and  ores  are  brought  up  to  the  surface  in  the  same 
manner.  Steam  engines  of  great  power  are  also  used  to  pump  out  water. 

Previous  to  1775,  persons  employed  in  the  coal  mines  of  Scotland  were 
transferable  with  the  estate.  Under  the  laws  of  Great  Britain,  mines  are 
generally  the  property  of  the  lords  of  the  soil,  who  receive  a  royalty  averag 
ing  one-fifteenth  of  the  gross  proceeds.  No  difference  is  recognised  in  the 
United  States  between  mineral  and  other  property,  the  deeds  of  an  estate 
conveying  entire  control  of  all  ores  found  on  the  property,  unless  specially 
reserved.  The  miners  in  our  various  mineral  districts  in  the  new  Territories 
— usually  opened  before  civil  government  is  extended  over  them— make  reg 
ulations  of  their  own,  limiting  the  number  of  "  feet "  along  a  mineral  lode, 
to  which  the  discoverer  is  entitled  by  right  of  discovery,  and  the  restrictions 
under  which  he  or  purchasers  may  hold  additional  "  claims."  They  also 
establish  courts  to  determine  questions  of  ownership  which  frequently  arise, 
as  a  lode  or  vein  often  runs  into  another,  and  it  is  difficult  to  distinguish 
between  them.  After  the  establishment  of  civil  lawr,  these  local  regulations 
are  recognised  as  binding  by  the  highest  courts,  both  State  and  National. 
Placer  gold  mines  on  the  public  lands,  are  free  to  all,  and  quartz  lodes  may 
be  pre-empted  on  the  same  principle  as  agricultural  lands. 

MINERAL  WEALTH  OF  NATIONS. 

RUSSIA  was  formerly  the  great  gold-producing  country  of  the  world.  Her 
product  began  to  decline  in  1847,  just  before  the  California  discoveries. 
Mines— less  rich  than  those  of  Australia  and  California— extend  along  the 


1869.]  MINING.  ,         545 

Ural  range  for  four  hundred  miles.  From  1814  to  1860,  their  product  was 
$300,145,000.  Silver  and  copper  are  also  found  in  the  Ural  mountains,  and 
in  Eastern  Siberia.  The  iron  mines,  chiefly  in  Siberia,  are  of  vast  extent, 
give  employment  to  50,000  laborers,  and  produce  annually  nearly  half  a  mill 
ion  of  tons.  Some  sheet-iron  of  excellent  quality  finds  its  way  to  this  country. 

AUSTRIA  produces  annually  about  $2,500,000  in  gold  and  silver.  She  is 
rich  in  quicksilver  and  in  iron.  The  latter  is  used  for  rails  on  nearly  all  her 
railways,  and  it  proves  very  durable.  Her  annual  yield  of  copper  is  4,000 
tons,  and  of  lead,  6,000  tons.  Her  coal  beds  seem  inexhaustible,  though  both 
coal  and  iron  mining  are  yet  in  their  infancy. 

'  BELGIUM  abounds  in  iron  and  zinc,  and  next  to  Great  Britain,  produces 
more  coal  than  any  other  country  hi  Europe. 

FRANCE  is  agricultural  rather  than  mining.  A  little  gold  is  found  in  the 
streams  of  the  Pyrenees,  and  silver  is  also  worked,  but  with  small  profit. 
Coal  beds  are  numerous,  and  have  been  greatly  developed  within  the  last 
thirty  years.  Iron  is  the  most  abundant  metal.  The  mines,  over  800  in  num 
ber,  employ  40,000  workmen,  and  are  estimated  to  produce  annually,  $20,- 
000,000  worth  of  pig  iron.  Lead  is  plentiful  in  Brittany,  and  copper  abounds 
in  the  Pyrenees,  Alps  and  Vosges. 

GREAT  BRITAIN  is  extremely  rich  in  coal  and  iron ;  while  copper,  tin  and 
lead  are  also  abundant.  The  number  of  active  iron  works  is  about  200,  and 
of  furnaces  in  blast,  560.  A  little  gold  has  been  obtained  from  the  south  of 
Scotland  and  Wicklow  in  Ireland,  and  the  quartz  veins  of  Wales  now  yield  it 
in  small  quantities.  The  mineral  product  of  the  kingdom  in  1867,  was: 

Coal...                                          ...104,500.480  tons...  ..  .$130.625.725  value. 

Piglron 4,71)1,023    li    59,587,785 

Copper 10.233    "    4,158,805 

Lead 68,437    "    6,687,545 

Silver 804,024  oz 1,077,000 

Gold 1,520    "    29.450 

Tin S,700tons 3,996,015 

Zinc 3,750    "    398,465 

Other  Minerals,  (Salt,  Clay  &c.)..  10,839,670 

Total $217,400,460 

SPAIN  has  mines  of  lead,  tin,  iron,  copper  and  silver,  which  were  worked 
successively  by  Phrcnicians,  Romans  and  Moors.  Strabo  and  Pliny  speak  of 
the  country  as  rich  in  gold,  but  the  present  yield  is  estimated  at  only  $8,000 
per  annum.  Lead  and  iron  are  abundant,  but  copper  and  tin  scarce.  The 
quicksilver  mine  of  Almaden,  worked  over  three  thousand  years  ago,  is  still 
the  richest  in  the  world. 

HINDOSTAN  contains  all  the  metallic  ores,  and  is  specially  rich  in  coal  and 
iron.  Borneo  yields  annually,  several  millions  of  dollars  in  gold,  and  the 
island  of  Banca  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  contains  rich  deposits  of  tin. 

CHINA  has  produced  gold,  washed  from  the  sands  of  the  streams  and 
wrought  into  ornaments,  from  time  immemorial,  though  the  Chinese  have 
never  used  it  for  coin.  Deposits  believed  valuable,  have  recently  been  discov 
ered  in  the  mountains  north  of  Shanghae.  They  are  known  as  the  Shang- 
tung  mines.  Whenever  their  richness  shall  be  fully  demonstrated,  they  will 
doubtless  attract  miners  from  America  and  Europe,  whatever  attempts  may 


646  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

be  made  to  exclude  them.  Coal,  anthracite  and  bituminous,  is  abundant  on 
the  Yang  tse  and  in  the  northern  peninsula.  The  surface  veins,  worked  by 
manual  labor,  yield  an  inferior  article,  but  with  proper  machinery,  China 
would,  soon  become  a  great  coal  producing  country.  Considerable  lead  is 
obtained,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  consumed  in  the  lining  of  tea  chests. 

JAPAN  is  reported  to  have  yielded  $200,000,000  in  gold  and  silver  between 
1570  and  1740.  Both  metals  are  obtained  in  several  portions  of  the  island, 
but  not  plentifully.  Excellent  copper  and  indifferent  coal  abound. 

AUSTKALIA  first  became  famous  as  a  gold  producing  region  through  the 
discoveiies  made  at  Ballarat,  in  1851,  three  years  after  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  California.  The  largest  nugget  ever  found,  was  worth  $4,500.  Enthusi 
astic  savans  estimate  that  the  veins  of  Victoria  can  give  employment  to  a 
hundred  thousand  laborers  for  three  hundred  years.  The  yield  of  the  col 
ony  from  the  first  gold  discovery  to  the  beginning  of  1868  was  $565,107,500 
gold;  $15,750  silver;  $975, 225 tin.  The  present  annual  gold  product  stands 
at  about  $25,000,000,  of  which  one-fourth  is  from  quartz  veins,  and  the  rest 
from  placers.  The  island  is  also  rich  in  copper,  and  in  excellent  coal. 

NEW  ZEALAXD  produces  some  gold  and  silver,  chiefly  by  sluicing.  The 
principal  gold-fields  arc  at  Massacre  Bay  and  in  Otago.  Quartz  mining  is 
just  beginning. 

AFRICA,  though  believed  to  be  one  of  the  richest  gold  countries  in  the 
world,  produces  only  about  one  million  and  a  half  of  dollars  annually,  nearly 
all  fine  dust  from  hand  washing.  The  Gold  Coast  in  Guinea  is  named  from 
the  prevalence  of  the  metal,  but  its  deadly  climate  thus  far  proves  an  impas 
sable  barrier  to  the  white  man.  During  1868,  two  extensive  gold-fields,  re 
ported  very  rich,  were  discovered  in  the  district  of  Bamanguato,  on  the 
northern  limits  of  Cape  Colony,  adjoining  the  Dutch  republic. 

BOLIVIA,  New  Granada  and  Brazil  abound  in  metals,  but  export  little 
except  silver.  British  Guiana  contains  gold-fields  in  the  valley  ol  the  Essc- 
quibo,  believed  to  be  rich,  but  not  yet  developed. 

CHILI  is  rich  in  minerals.  Within  seventy-five  miles  of  the  town  of  Ca- 
paipo,  are  253  silver,  6  gold  and  14  copper  mines.  The  latest  annual  exports 
of  the  republic  which  we  find  recorded,  are  $497,736  gold;  $4,725,655  silver; 
$10,760,589  copper;  $176,765  coal. 

PERU  has  been  famous  for  silver  and  gold  ever  since  its  discovery.  Pizarro 
and  his  soldiers  extorted  seventeen  and  a  half  millions  of  dollars  before  the 
captured  Inca,  Atahuallpa,  who  had  offered  his  prison  full  of  gold  for  his 
liberty,  was  put  to  death.  The  amount  of  silver  produced  from  1630  to 
1800  has  been  estimated  at  over  $1,200,000,000.  The  Andes  contain  rich 
deposits  of  copper  which  are  only  extracted  on  the  western  slope,  owing  to 
the  difficulty  of  transportation  from  the  east  side  of  the  ridge.  All  mining 
is  backward,  on  account  of  the  great  altitude  of  the  mineral  veins  and  the 
lack  of  enterprise  among  the  people. 

MEXICO  is  extremely  rich  in  gold  and  silver.  The  total  product  of  her 
mines  since  the  conquest  by  Cortez,  has  been  estimated  as  high  as  $3,000- 
000,000.  The  ancient  Mexicans  worked  veins  of  silver,  tin  and  copper,  but 


1869.]  MINING.  (547 

were  ignorant  of  iron.  They  cast  vessels  of  gold  and  silver,  which  were  af 
terward  delicately  carved  and  chased.  Few  modern  improvements  have  been 
made  beyond  the  introduction  of  steam  engines  for  pumping.  The  yield  of 
silver  is  now  larger  than  that  of  the  United  States,  but  that  of  gold  compara 
tively  insignificant.  The  export  is  generally  shipped  direct  to  England. 
Excellent  iron  is  produced  in  several  of  the  states,  and  .at  Guanaguato  is 
the  richest  and  most  extensively  worked  copper  vein  in  the  world. 

CANADA  contains  valuable  beds  of  iron  and  copper.  New  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia  abound  in  coal  and  iron,  and  Nova  Scotia  is  beginning  to  yield 
gold.  British  Columbia  has  rich  gold-fields,  found  chieily  on  the  Fraser 
river  and  its  tributaries.  Victoria,  Vancouver  Island,  is  the  supply  point  for 
the  region.  Present  annual  gold  yield  of  British  America,  about  $3,000,000. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  contains  mineral  resources  more  extensive  and  more 
varied  than  any  other  country  in  the  world.  Gold  has  been  found  in  greater 
or  less  quantities  in  half  the  States  of  the  Union.  Tennessee,  Virginia,  the 
Carolinas,  and  Georgia  formerly  furnished  our  largest  supplies.  Now,  Cal 
ifornia,  Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho,  Nevada,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Colorado, 
Montana,  Dakota  and  Wyoming  are  by  far  the  most  extensive  and  produc 
tive  gold-fields  on  the  globe.  Much  of  the  immense  tract  is  also  rich  in  silver, 
copper,  lead  and  other  valuable  minerals.  Comparatively  little  of  the  field  has 
been  even  "prospected,"  and  important  discoveries  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
the  Sierra  Nevadas,  and  the  Pacific  Coast  Range  may  be  looked  for,  for  the 
next  hundred  years.  Early  Spanish,  Portuguese  and  English  explorers  were 
all  on  the  lookout  for  minerals.  Huts  and  utensils,  supposed  to  have  be 
longed  to  De  Soto's  party  in  the  16th  century,  have  been  discovered  among 
the  mountain  gold  regions  of  Georgia,  and  the  lead  mines  of  Missouri.  Pre 
vious  to  1848,  our  annual  gold  product  was  estimated  at  about  one  million 
dollars,  chiefly  from  Virginia,  Tennessee,  Georgia  and  North  Carolina.  Some 
gold  had  been  known  to  exist  in  California  for  nearly  three  hundred  years, 
and  when  Humboldt  visited  that  region,  he  had  predicted  that  large  quantities 
would  yet  be  discovered.  The  first  rich  deposits  were  found  in  January, 
1848,  at  Sutter's  Mill  near  the  present  city  of  Sacramento,  by  James  W.  Mar 
shall,  of  New  Jersey.  By  the  close  of  1850,  there  were  fifty  thousand  miners 
at  work  in  the  State.  Quartz  mining  began  in  1851. 

Silver  exists  in  all  deposits  of  lead  ore.  It  is  found  in  largest  quantities 
in  Nevada  and  Idaho,  though  some  is  procured  in  Arizona,  California,  Col 
orado  and  New  Mexico. 

Iron  is  found  in  every  State  and  Territory,  and  in  every  form.  The  great 
deposits  of  lead  are  in  Missouri  and  in  half  a  dozen  adjoining  counties  of 
Wisconsin,  Illinois  and  Iowa.  Lake  Superior  is  the  great  copper  region, 
though  the  metal  is  found  in  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  Virginia,  North  Car 
olina,  Georgia,  Tennessee,  and  in  nearly  all  our  new,  gold-bearing  States.  Tin 
exists  in  Maine  and  California;  zinc,  in  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  many 
other  States,  and  quicksilver  in  California.  Vast  beds  of  coal  which  are 
already  worked,  underlie  many  of  the  States  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  portions  of  Utah,  California  and  Washington  Territory. 


648  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

GOLD  AND  SILVER. 

Gold  is  the  first  metal  of  which  we  find  historical  mention.  One  of  the 
streams  which  flowed  through  Eden,  compassed  the  land  of  Havilah  %i  where 
there  is  gold."  Abram  was  "rich  in  gold  and  silver,"  and  his  descendants 
on  their  exodus  borrowed  of  the  Egyptians  so  many  "jewels  of  silver  and 
jewels  of  gold  "  that  the  numerous  sacred  vessels  of  their  Tabernacle  and 
the  golden  calf  made  by  Aaron,  did  not  exhaust  the  supply.  Solomon  used 
gold  lavishly  in  the  decoration  of  the  Great  Temple ;  and  silver  "  the  king 
made  to  be  in  Jerusalem  as  stones  for  abundance."  The  California  of  that 
day  was  Ophir,  situate  according  to  some  authorities  on  the  east  coast  of 
Africa,  where  ancient  mines  have  recently  been  found,  and  according  to 
others,  in  India,  that  abounds  in  "apes,  peacocks,  ivory  and  precious  stones," 
for  all  of  which  Ophir  was  famous. 

Gold,  sometimes  associated  with  silver  and  sometimes  with  base  metals, 
is  usually  found  in  quartz  rock.  On  the  decomposition  of  the  rock,  it  is 
washed  down  into  beds  of  rivers,  where  it  lies  buried  in  grains  among  the 
sands.  The  Pactolus,  which  "  ran  itself  in  golden  sands,"  is  supposed  to 
have  witnessed  some  of  the  earliest  mining.  The  Scythians,  Egyptians, 
Greeks  and  Romans  all  obtained  supplies  of  gold  from  mountain  regions. 

Before  the  discovery  of  America,  the  supply,  of  gold  barely  met  the  loss 
caused  by  wearing.  The  annual  product  of  the  world  in  1847  was  said  to 
be  only  twenty  millions  of  dollars ;  seven  years  later,  California  alone  yielded 
sixty  millions.  The  discovery  of  the  rich  deposits  in  California  and  Aus 
tralia  gave  new  impetus  to  the  movements  of  population  everywhere, 
stimulated  all  departments  of  industry,  brought  together  into  the  same  com 
munities  people  from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  settled  vast  territories,  facil 
itated  intercourse  between  far  distant  regions,  and  steadily  changed  values 
throughout  the  world.  Since  the  discovery  of  California,  the  purchasing 
power  of  gold  and  silver  has  probably  been  reduced  one-half,  by  their  in 
creased  abundance. 

Hand  washing  was  the  earliest  mode  of  collecting  gold ;  and  the  pan  and 
the  rocker  were  the  first  implements  used  in  California  mining.  Quicksilver 
was  soon  brought  in  to  collect  the  fine  particles  often  lost  in  hand  washing. 
Hydraulic  mining,  now  largely  in  use  in  California,  is  done  by  throwing  cur 
rents  of  water  from  hose  and  pipes  with  enormous  force  against  banks  of  earth, 
cutting  away  whole  hills.  Down  the  face  of  the  hill,  also,  pour  artificial 
streams.  At  the  foot  of  it,  the  waters  all  pass  away  in  long  flumes  or  wooden 
troughs,  carrying  the  earth  and  stones  with  them.  Slats  on  the  bottom  of 
the  flumes  catch  and  retain  the  gold.  Where  gold  is  found  not  in  decom 
posed  rocks  or  earth,  but  in  hard  quartz,  the  stones  must  be  ground  or 
pounded  to  powder  to  release  it.  The  arastra,  a  Mexican  invention,  consists  of 
one  or  more  flat,  heavy  stones,  drawn  round  by  mules,  in  water,  over  the  pieces 
of  quartz  on  a  circular  stone  bed.  This  grinds  the  rock  to  powder,  and  the 
gold  is  then  collected  by  quicksilver.  The  arastra  is  used  more  or  less  in  all 
our  mining  regions,  but  it  is  a  slow,  laborious  process.  American  miners 
usually  reduce  the  quartz  by  stamp-mills.  Iron  weights  or  stamps,  of  from 


1809.]  MINING.  049 

four  hundred  to  seven  hundred  pounds  each,  and  falling  upon  the  quart/, 
from  four  to  six  feet,  sometimes  as  often  as  once  a  second,  rapidly  pound  it 
to  powder.  It  is  then  ground  to  extreme  fineness  under  revolving  stones, 
and  quicksilver  is  put  in  to  collect  the  gold. 

Silver  seems  to  have  been  abundant  among  ancient  nations,  and  was,  prob 
ably,  the  first  metal  used  as  money.  Hannibal  obtained  800  pounds  daily 
from  a  mine  in  Cordova,  which  penetrated  a  mile  and  a  half  into  the  moun 
tain.  The  famous  mines  of  Potosi  were  accidentally  discovered  in  1545,  by 
a  hunter,  who  found  lumps  of  the  metal  under  the  roots  of  a  bush.  Silver 
is  found  in  a  variety  of  ores,  usually  associated  with  gold,  copper  or  lead.  Pure 
masses  occasionally  occur  in  the  copper  region  of  Lake  Superior.  Pieces 
almost  pure  and  as  large  as  a  half  dollar  coin  have  frequently  been  obtained 
in  Nevada,  and  sometimes  in  Idaho.  Silver  is  never  found  like  gold  in  grains 
among  the  sand,  to  be  washed  out  by  hand,  but  in  ores  or  quartz,  from  which 
it  must  be  reduced  by  stamping  or  grinding,  and  sometimes  by  smelting. 

It  is  difficult  to  obtain  trustworthy  recent  estimates  of  the  world's  annual 
yield  of  the  precious  metals.  The  following  from  Phillips'1  Gold  and  Silver  Min 
ing,  estimates  the  product  for  1865.  It  places  the  yield  of  the  United  States 
several  millions  too  low,  probably  making  no  estimate  of  the  large  quantity 

never  reported  to  the  mints : — 

GOLD. 

Russia $13,900.000  California  &  neighboring  States  $42,000,000 

Austria 1,100,000  Rest  of  United  States 28.000 

Rest  of  Europe 75,000  Nova  Scotia 414,400 

Southern  Asia 5,000.000  British  Columbia 2.320,000 

Africa 800,000  Australia 31.200,000 

South  America  and  Mexico 6,800,000  New  Zealand 8,280,000 

Total $111,917,400 

SILVER. 

Russia $    870.000        Spain $  1,650,000 

Scandinavia 225.000        British  Colonies 142,500 

Great  Britain 907,500        Chili 4,485,000 

Hartz  Mountains 420.000        Bolivia 2,040,000 

Prussia 1,020.000       Peru 4,485,000 

Saxony 1,200,000        New  Granada 225,000 

Other  German  States 37.500        Brazil 22,500 

Austria 1,380.000       Mexico 24.000,000 

France 270,000       United  States 15,000,000 

Italy  (Isle  of  Sardinia) 375.000  

Total $58,755,000 

The  report  of  Professor  Win.  P.  Blake  upon  Productions  of  the  Precious 
Metals,  based  upon  data  obtained  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  estimates  the 
world's  present  annual  yield  of  bullion  as  follows : 

United  States $72,000,000 

British  America 3,000,000 

Mexico 10,000,000 

Central  and  South  America 10.000,000 

Australia  (including  New  South  Wales,  Victoria  and  Queensland) 33.000,000 

New  Zealand 6.000,000 

Russia 15,000,000 

France,  Austria,  Saxony,  Spain,  Italy,  Great  Britain,  Norway  and  Sweden.  10,600,000 

Borneo  and  the  East  Indies,  China,  Japan  and  Central  Asia 10,000,000 

Africa 1,000,000 

Total $171,000,000 

The  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  of  the  United  States,  in  his 
report  for  1867,  estimates  the  aggregate  annual  product  at  $208,000,000 ;  and 
some  other  writers  place  it  still  higher. 


650  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR  BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

There  is  no  obvious  reason  for  the  relative  value  of  gold  and  silver  to  re 
main  the  same;  but  it  changes  very  little  even  when  great  changes  occur  in 
the  relative  product.  The  enormous  gold  yields  of  California  and  Australia 
have  hardly  affected  it  perceptibly.  In  1344,  an  ounce  of  silver  stood  in 
value  to  an  ounce  of  gold  as  1  to  12  1-2;  and  in  1863,  as  1  to  15.  The 
whole  tendency  of  our  times  is  toward  a  uniform  metallic  currency  all  over 
the  world,  and  one  will  probably  be  adopted  before  many  years  have  passed. 
"  Where  do  the  precious  metals  go  ? "  is  a  question  frequently  asked.  The 
drain  of  them  has  always  been  toward  the  East,  where  they  are  used  for 
hoarding  and  for  ornaments,  rather  than  for  money.  This  is  especially  true 
of  silver.  During  14  years  ending  in  1864,  England  and  the  Mediterranean 
exported  to  Asia  more  than  $650,000,000.  The  total  amount  of  silver  in  the 
world  is  estimated  at  $10,000,000,000,  or  only  enough  to  pay  the  debts  of 
three  or  four  leading  nations. 

The  total  gold  and  silver  product  of  the  United  States  from  1848  to  1868 
is  estimated  at  $1,255,000,000.  The  largest  product  of  Australia  in  any  sin 
gle  year  was  $43,000,000,  considerably  below  the  largest  product  of  Califor 
nia.  The  yield  of  the  precious  metals  is  much  more  than  sufficient  to  supply 
the  loss  caused  by  wear  and  tear,  and  they  must  decrease  steadily  in  value, 
unless  Asia  increases  the  demand  by  using  them  more  generally  for  currency. 
The  annual  product  of  the  United  States  has  fallen  off  somewhat  since  1863, 
owing  to  the  giving  out  of  placer  mines  and  other  causes ;  but  as  the  steady 
progress  of  the  Pacific  Railway  increases  the  facilities  for  quartz  mining, 
our  yield  will  be  augmented  from  year  to  year.  The  yield  of  Nevada,  Arizona 
and  New  Mexico  is  nearly  all  silver,  that  of  Idaho,  one-third  silver,  that  of  Col 
orado  one-eighth  silver.  All  the  rest  is  gold.  The  following  is  the  estimated 
gold  and  silver  product  of  the  country  for  1868  : 

California $23,000,000       Colorado 4,000.000 

Nevada 18,000.000       Washington 1,000.000 

Montana 13,000,000       Arizona 250,000 

Idaho 7,000.000       New  Mexico 250,000 

Oregon 5,000,000       Wyoming 50,000 

Total $71 ,500,000 

CALIFORNIA.  In  California,  some  placer  mines  did  well  during  1868,  as 
the  season  was  wet  and  water  plentiful ;  but  in  the  southern  counties,  the 
water  was  so  high  as  to  destroy  a  great  deal  of  property.  In  one  county,  it 
stopped  mining  for  six  months.  The  floods  reduced  the  product  of  the 
year.  The  quartz  yield  was  steady  and  quiet,  and  there  were  no  failures 
among  the  quartz  miners.  Crushers  are  coming  into  extensive  use  to  prepare 
quartz  for  the  stamps.  They  break  it  up  to  the  size  of  hazel  nuts,  but  stamps 
do  all  the  pulverizing.  On  the  whole,  the  mineral  product  remains  sub 
stantially  unchanged. 

OREGON.  The  Oregon  mines,  principally  in  the  southern  counties,  did  well 
during  the  year.  Of  their  entire  yield,  probably  $75,000  came  from  quartz, 
the  remainder  from  placer  diggings.  The  yield  seems  likely  to  be  much  lar 
ger  for  1869,  as  extensive  gold-fields  on  the  Malheur  river,  and  Shasta  and 
Willow  creeks  have  recently  been  discovered.  Several  ditches  are  construct 
ing  which  will  supply  water  to  about  four  thousand  men. 


1869.]  MINING.  651 

NEVADA.  The  great  Comstock  Lode,  discovered  in  1859,  has  yielded  in 
all,  some  ninety  millions  of  dollars,  and  proved  to  be  for  the  time  the  richest 
silver  mine  in  the  world;  but  during  1868,  its  product  greatly  diminished, 
and  only  a  few  of  the  mines  upon  it  are  now  doing  well.  In  general,  those 
which  are  deepest  find  the  metal  poorest.  The  yield  of  the  lode  fell  off  from 
seventeen  millions  in  1867  to  twelve  or  thirteen  millions  for  1868.  Central 
and  eastern  Nevada,  however,  show  an  increase,  and  the  new  White  Pine 
district,  120  miles  east  of  Austin,  proves  exceedingly  rich.  One  of  its  mines, 
it  is  claimed,  turned  out  200  tons  of  ore,  which  averaged  to  yield  over  $1,000 
to  the  ton,  and  though  the  district  is  only  newly  opened,  it  yielded  $1,000,000 
during  the  last  six  months  of  1868.  With  the  opening  summer  of  1869,  it  is 
likely  to  contain  a  population  of  many  thousands,  and  it  bids  fair  to  more 
than  counterbalance  the  falling  off  in  the  yield  of  the  Comstock  Lode. 

IDAHO.  The  territory  contains  in  all,  some  380  stamps.  Of  these,  about 
150  are  running,  nearly  all  in  the  Owhyhee  district.  In  other  sections,  the 
mills  are  idle,  chiefly  from  inexperienced  or  incompetent  management.  Most 
of  the  capital  which  went  in  during  1868  Avas  from  England  and  our  Western 
States.  Western  men  seem  to  succeed  better  in  quartz  mining  than  eastern. 
The  Flint  district,  adjoining  the  Owhyhee,  promises  richly,  and  a  forty  stamp 
mill,  the  largest  in  the  Territory  is  nearly  completed.  Placer  mining  was  less 
successful  in  1868  than  in  1867,  as  the  season  was  exceedingly  diy,  and  water 
scarce  in  the  ditches.  Three-fourths  of  the  bullion  produced  is  by  quartz 
mining,  one-fourth  by  placer.  In  the  quartz  the  ratio  of  gold  increases  largely 
upon  that  of  silver,  as  the  mines  are  sunk  deeper. 

The  barren  looking,  sandy  soil  proves  much  more  productive  than  was  expect 
ed.  Several  flour  mills  are  in  operation,  and  grain,  fruit,  and  vegetables  are  al 
ready  produced  in  abundance.  Supplies  go  in  from  the  Central  Pacific  Rail 
road—only  120  miles  from  the  Owhyhee  district — a  great  improvement  on 
the  old  mod*  of  hauling  them  over  the  mountains  from  Oregon.  The  advance 
of  the  road  has  given  a  great  impetus  to  industiy  and  commerce  in  Idaho. 
Freights  from  San  Francisco  cost  only  five  or  six  cents  a  pound. 

MONTANA.  Quartz  mills  in  the  territory,  50 ;  number  of  stamps,  668 ; 
stamps  in  operation,  about  400.  There  have  been  the  usual  failures  in  mills, 
from  bad  judgment,  inefficient  or  dishonest  management,  and  the  attempt  to 
substitute  for  stamps,  new  processes  which  have  proved  impracticable.  In 
the  Hot  Springs  district,  several  promising  veins  have  "  run  out,"  the  only 
instances  of  the  kind  in  the  Territory.  Of  the  bullion  yield  for  1868,  95 
per  cent,  is  gold  against  5  per  cent,  of  silver ;  and  80  per  cent,  of  the  gold 
product  comes  from  quartz  mills,  against  20  per  cent,  from  placer  diggings. 
There  are  about  twenty  arastras  in  operation.  All  the  quartz  mills  are  the  old 
fashioned  stamps,  except  one  heavy  Chilian  mill,  which  works  well.  The 
extreme  remoteness  of  the  Territory  and  the  high  prices  of  transportation 
have  kept  the  prices  of  unskilled  labor  at  five  or  six  dollars  a  day ;  but  two 
or  three  thousand  Chinese  have  already  arrived,  and  the  approach  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  (which  runs  within  about  four  hundred  miles  of 
Virginia  City)  insures  steady  and  comparatively  cheap  supplies.  Hitherto 


(J52  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

freights  have  been  received  by  the  Missouri  river  only  six  months  of  the  year, 
giving  great  opportunities  for  speculation,  and  causing  some  suffering  in  the 
winter.  Agriculture  flourishes  exceedingly  ;  population  about  40,000. 

WYOMING.  Few  mines  have  yet  been  opened  in  this  new  Territory,  though 
a  number  are  promising.  One  small  quartz  mill  is  in  operation. 

COLORADO.  Colorado  advanced  rapidly  during  1868.  After  spending  much 
time  and  trying  many  new  processes  for  taking  out  the  gold,  most  of  the 
companies  have  fallen  back  upon  the  old  method  of  plain  stamps.  Consid 
erable  foreign  capital,  chiefly  English,  has  been  invested.  The  silver  mines 
are  beginning  to  yield ;  and  the  copper  veins  are  promising. 

NEW  MEXICO.  The  Cimaron  gold  mines  south  of  Bent's  Fort,  are  thought 
to  be  rich,  but  few  returns  have  yet  been  received  The  rich  silver  deposits, 
too,  near  Mesilla  and  elsewhere,  await  the  influx  of  American  energy  and 
capital,  which  can  only  come  with  a  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 

ARIZONA.  In  the  same  general  condition  as  New  Mexico.  Inaccessibleness, 
hostile  Indians  and  Mexican  thriftlessness  keep  down  the  yield  of  the  precious 
metals  to  a  trivial  sum ;  but  whenever  the  Territory  enjoys  railway  commu 
nication,  it  will  produce  silver  to  the  amount  of  many  millions  annually. 

IRON. 

Iron,  like  gold,  was  known  to  the  ancients.  We  read  that  "  iron  is  taken 
out  of  the  earth,"  and  again  that  Tubal  Cain  was  an  "  instructor  of  every 
artificer  in  brass  and  iron."  One  of  the  attractions  of  the  Promised  Land  lay 
in  its  being  a  country  "  whose  stones  are  iron  and  out  of  whose  hills  thou 
mayest  dig  brass."  And  when  Croesus  showed  Solon  his  stores  of  gold,  Solon 
answered,  "  If  another  king  cometh  who  hath  more  iron  than  thou,  he  will 
be  master  of  all  this  gold." 

Iron  is  the  most  useful,  most  abundant  and  most  valuable  of  all  the  metals. 
It  can  be  beaten  into  any  shape,  cast  into  the  most  intricate  patterns,  rolled 
into  thin  plates  and  drawn  into  fine  wire  of  the  greatest  tenacity.  It  is  alike 
adapted  to  the  most  massive  and  the  most  delicate  works.  As  an  illustration 
of  the  enhancement  of  its  value  by  labor,  it  is  asserted  that  the  worth  of  a 
piece  of  iron  in  different  stages  of  manufacture  may  be  as  follows : — In  the 
bar,  $5  :  in  horse-shoes,  $10.50 ;  in  needles,  $55  ;  in  pen-knife  blades,  $3,285  ; 
in  shirt  buttons,  $29,480 ;  in  hair-springs  of  watches,  $250,000. 

Iron  was  used  long  before  the  Trojan  war.  Solomon's  saying,  "  as  iron 
sharpeneth  iron,"  relates  to  a  practice  ancient  even  in  his  day.  Monuments  of 
Thebes  and  Memphis,  forty  centuries  old,  represent  butchers  sharpening  their 
knives  upon  steel.  Scythia  was  termed  the  "mother  of  iron."  As  early  as 
A.  D.  120,  the  Romans  erected  forges  in  Britain,  and  remains  of  their  furnaces 
are  still  found  upon  the  tops  of  hills.  The  ancients,  however,  had  only 
wrought  iron.  The  earliest  notice  of  cast  iron  is  found  in  the  records  of  the 
15th  century.  American  Indians  were  altogether  ignorant  of  the  metal. 

In  Virginia  in  1620,  a  ton  of  iron  cost  £10,  the  price  of  a  man's  labor  for 
a  year.  Among  the  early  American  colonists,  an  iron  pot  was  often  bequeathed 
to  some  heir  as  a  special  mark  of  esteem,  and  all  pots  and  kettles  used  were  of 


1869.]  MINING.  653 

wrought  iron.  Virginia  in  1662  forbade  sending  iron  out  of  the  colony, 
under  a  penalty  of  10  pounds  of  tobacco  for  every  pound  of  iron  exported. 
The  first  iron  works  in  the  United  States  were  built  "  on  Falling  Creek  in 
Jamestown  river,"  in  1619  ;  but  three  years  later,  the  Indians  destroyed  the 
furnaces  and  massacred  the  workmen  and  neighboring  settlers  to  the  number 
of  347  persons.  Iron  works  were  established  at  Lynn  and  Braintree,  Mass., 
in  1644.  The  first  iron  vessel  cast  in  America  was  an  iron  quart  pot,  about 
1650.  In  1673,  New  England  had  five  furnaces.  In  1790,  the  first  furnace 
was  erected  west  of  the  Alleghanies. 

The  ancients  melted  the  ores  in  open  furnaces,  into  which  air  was  forced 
by  hand  bellows.  The  metal  collected  in  a  "loop,"  and  was  then  beaten  on 
an  anvil,  the  impurities  separating  in  a  semi-fluid  cinder.  The  ores  are  now  re 
duced  by  suitable  fluxes  in  huge  blast  furnaces  raised  to  an  intense  heat, 
sometimes  estimated  at  nearly  3,000°  Fahr.,  by  currents  of  hot  air  driven  in 
by  powerful  machinery.  The  resulting  pig  iron  is  then  passed  through  pud 
dling  and  rolling  mills,  and  converted  into  the  wrought  iron  of  commerce, 
which  again,  by  the  addition  of  a  slight  proportion  of  carbon  becomes  steel. 
The  high  blast  furnace  was  invented  in  1558.  Up  to  1700,  the  ores  were  reduced 
by  charcoal ;  then  bituminous  coal  was  substituted.  The  puddling  process 
was  invented  in  1784,  and  the  hot  blast  introduced  in  1827.  Anthracite  coal 
was  first  successfully  used  for  smelting  in  Pennsylvania  in  1835.  The  follow 
ing  statement  of  the  iron  product  of  the  United  States  for  1867,  shows  the 
amount  of  pig  iron  produced  by  the  different  qualities  of  coal : 

Anthracite  pig  iron,  784,783  tons;  raw  bituminous  coal  and  coke,  318,647 
tons;  charcoal,  344,341  tons;  total,  1,447,771  tons. 

The  early  uses  of  iron  were  few  and  comparatively  rude.  Modern  civilization 
has  greatly  stimulated  its  product,  and  introduced  it  into  nearly  all  the  indus 
tries  of  life.  The  first  great  increase  in  demand  was  due  to  the  railroads. 
Wooden  rails  were  used  until  about  1700 ;  then  strap  iron  came  in,  but  was  not 
generally  adopted.  In  1767,  the  Colcbrook-Dale  iron  works  in  Shropshire, 
England,  had  a  very  large  quantity  of  iron  on  hand,  as  the  prices  were  ex 
tremely  low.  The  wooden  railway  belonging  to  the  works  requiring  frequent 
and  expensive  repairs,  the  proprietors  laid  down  their  pigs  of  iron  for  rails, 
observing  that  when  the  prices  of  metal  rose,  they  could  easily  take  them  up. 
Their  greatly  superior  value  soon  became  obvious,  and  it  was  found  that  ten 
horses  could  do  the  work  which  formerly  required  four  hundred.  Still  it  took 
many  years  to  bring  them  into  general  use.  Now  the  total  length  of  railways 
in  the  world  is  upwards  of  170,000  miles,  an  iron  belt  that  would  encircle  the 
globe  six  times,  and  is  almost  long  enough  to  connect  the  earth  with  the  moon. 
In  1828,  the  annual  product  of  pig  iron  was:  Great  Britain,  700,000  tons; 
United  States,  140,000  tons;  total  product  of  the  world,  1,000,000  tons. 

The  yield  for  1866,  (the  latest  full  annual  returns  received),  was : 

England 4,530.051  tons.        Russia...  .    408,000 tons. 


France 1,300,320 

Belgium. 5<X),00() 

Prussia 800,000 

Austria 12,000 

Sweden 220,076 


Spain 75.000 

Italy 30.000 

Switzerland 15,000 

Zollverein 250, (KM) 

United  States...  ...1,175.000 


Total 9,322,047  tons. 


654  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

No  gold  and  silver  mines  have  ever  been  the  sources  of  such  uniform  and 
long-continued  prosperity  as  some  of  the  rich  deposits  of  iron  in  Great  Brit 
ain  and  Pennsylvania.  The  iron  product  and  manufacture  of  the  United 
States  has  increased  enormously  within  the  last  few  years,  and  the  vast  beds 
of  iron  convenient  to  coal  in  various  parts  of  the  Union,  are  destined  to 
make  America  the  chief  source  of  supply  for  the  world.  Pennsylvania  takes 
the  lead  of  all  our  States,  and  Michigan  follows.  The  Lake  Superior  region 
which  made  its  first  shipments  in  1835,  already  produces  nearly  one-fifth  of 
the  iron  ores  of  the  United  States.  The  product  of  this  region  is  increasing 
with  great  rapidity.  So  is  the  yield  of  Missouri,  whose  three  mountains  of 
solid  iron  known  as  Iron  Mountain,  Pilot  Knob,  and  Shepherd's  Mountain, 
are  among  the  most  remarkable  natural  curiosities  on  our  continent.  Oregon 
is  beginning  to  supply  the  markets  of  the  Pacific  coast  with  domestic  iron. 
The  product  is  very  pure  in  quality  and  exceedingly  abundant.  The  only 
furnace  yet  in  operation  is  at  Oswego,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Wallamet  river, 
six  miles  south  of  Portland.  Another  company  is  formed,  and  works  are 
building  on  the  Columbia  river,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wallamet;  and  within 
the  next  few  years  the  iron  product  of  the  State  is  likely  to  be  very  large. 
Colorado  is  already  producing  iron ;  and  the  ore  is  found  in  greater  or  less 
quantities  in  nearly  or  quite  all  the  new  States  and  Territories,  as  well  as  in  all 
the  older  ones.  Where  coal  is  not  convenient  to  the  iron  beds,  the  ore  is  often 
shipped  to  other  States  for  reducing.  The  following  table  shows  the  estimated 
product,  not  of  ore,  but  of  pig  iron,  in  our  several  states,  for  1868: 

Pennsylvania 850.000  tons.  New  Jersey "  47,000  tons. 

Ohio  240,000    "  Michigan 60,000    •• 

New  York 180,000     "  Missouri 20.000    " 

New  England  States 85,000    "  Other  State* <i5,(JOO    " 

Total 1,477,000  tons. 

Add  the  amount  of  iron  made  in  lories  and  blomaries  direct  from  the  ore, 
without  being  first  reduced  to  pig  iron 35,800    " 

Total  production  of  domestic  iron  in  United  States  for  18(58 1,512.800  tons. 

Imports  of  iron  into  the  United  States  for  the  first  nine  months  of  1808 : 

Iron,  pig  and  puddled 68,069  ions.        Castings 963  tons. 

Bur.  Angle,  Bolt  and  Rod 29.040    "  Hoops,  Sheets  &  Boiler  plates.  11. 933    %> 

Railroad,  of  all  sorts 209,368    u  Wrought,  of  all  sorts 3,128    •' 

Total  Iron 322,501  tons. 

Steel,  unwrought 11.322    '•' 

Grand  Total 333,823  tons. 

COAL. 

The  English  use  this  word  generally  in  the  plural,  as  "  coals  are  high ;" 
but  with  them  it  refers  only  to  bituminous  coal,  the  variety  commonly  used 
in  Great  Britain.  In  this  country,  the  singular  noun  is  applied  to  all  the 
varieties.  The  two  great  divisions  are  bituminous  and  anthracite.  Anthra 
cite  contains  fewer  gaseous  products  than  bituminous,  and  is  richer  in  carbon. 

Coal  was  an  article  of  export  from  Newcastle,  England,  in  1281.  During 
the  reign  of  Edward  I.  its  use  in  London  was  prohibited  by  several  acts  of 
parliament,  the  smoke  being  regarded  as  injurious  to  health.  But  as  wood 
grew  scarce,  coal  was  substituted,  and  for  200  years  it  has  been  the  chief  fuel 


18G0.1  MINING.  G55 

of  Great  Britain.  During  the  last  half-century,  the  growing  use  of  the  steam 
engine  has  enormously  increased  its  consumption  everywhere.  The  annual 
coal  product  of  the  world  is  now  estimated  as  follows : 

Great  Britain 104,000,000  tons.        Belgium 12,000,000 tons. 

North  America 22,000,000    "  France 10,000,000    " 

Germany 17,000,000    "  Other  Countries 7,000,000    " 

Total  (value  $375,000,000) 172,000,000  tons. 

The  area  of  workable  coal-beds  in  all  the  world,  outside  of  the  United 
States,  is  estimated  at  26,000  square  miles,  of  which  1,500  are  in  Australia, 
6,000  in  Great  Britain,  1,000  in  France,  800  in  Austria,  500  in  Belgium,  and 
100  in  Russia.  That  of  the  United  States,  not  including  Alaska,  is  esti 
mated  at  over  200,000  square  miles,  or  eight  times  as  large  as  tlie  available  coal 
area  of  all  the  rest  of  the  globe.  It  has  been  calculated  that  at  the  present 
rate  of  consumption,  the  world's  supply  of  coal  would  run  out  within  a  few 
generations,  but  doubtless  some  new  fuel  will  be  introduced,  or  some  new 
discoveries  of  coal  made,  before  such  a  period  comes. 

Coal  veins  are  usually  reached  by  vertical  shafts,  but  when  found  in  hills, 
are  worked  by  horizontal  galleries.  On  the  slope  of  the  hills  opposite  Pitts- 
burg,  300  feet  above  the  beds  of  the  Monongahela  and  the  Ohio,  may  be  seen 
the  openings  of  many  of  these  galleries.  This  mode  of  taking  out  the  fuel 
is  far  cheaper  than  hoisting  it.  Coal  shafts  in  England  sometimes  reach  a 
depth  of  2,000  feet.  Upon  the  largest  of  them,  10  years'  labor  has  been  ex 
pended,  costing  half  a  million  of  dollars. 

The  ventilation  of  the  mines  is  an  important  point,  and  is  best  accom 
plished  by  up  and  down  shafts,  the  foul  air  ascending  in  the  former,  and 
atmospheric  air  passing  in  to  the  workmen  by  the  latter.  Bituminous  coal 
gives  off  large  quantities  of  explosive  gas,  often  causing  terrible  accidents. 
The  Davy  and  Stephenson  safety  lamps  prove  of  great  service  in  preventing 
the  ignition  of  this  fatal  fire-damp.  Carbonic  acid  gas  resulting  from  the 
explosion  is  known  as  choke-damp,  and  suffocates  all  who  breathe  it.  Despite 
every  precaution,  such  accidents  are  not  unfrequent.  One  near  Wigan,  Lan 
cashire,  England,  occurred  in  the  latter  part  of  November,  1868,  causing  the 
death  of  sixty  miners. 

The  coal  deposits  on  the  James  river,  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  from  Richmond, 
were  the  first  worked  in  this  country.  The  great  anthracite  region  of  Penn 
sylvania  with  its  thriving  cities  and  large  population  was  a  dense  wilderness 
half  a  century  ago.  Thirty  years  ago,  few  mines  in  America  were  sunk  below 
water  level.  Anthracite  was  first  used  for  ordinary  fuel  in  1804,  and  for  gen 
erating  steam  in  1825.  The  first  railway  for  its  transmission  was  built  in 
1827.  It  now  gives  employment  to  upwards  of  40  railroads  and  canals. 

Pennsylvania  takes  the  lead  of  all  our  States  in  coal  production,  and  indeed 
her  yield  is  more  than  77  per  cent,  of  all  the  coal  product  of  the  Union.  That 
from  the  central  portions  of  the  State  usually  goes  east  to  tide  water.  That 
from  the  rich  bituminous  region  about  Pittsburg  and  the  head  waters  of  the 
Allcghany  is  used  for  local  consumption,  or  passes  down  the  Ohio  and  3Iiss- 
issippi  rivers.  Nearly  all  the  states  along  the  Alleghany  mountains  have  rich 
coal-fields,  as  have  also  Ohio,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Michigan  and  Missouri. 


g5G  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Coal  is  found  in  workable  form  in  more  than  three-fourtlrs  of  all  our  States 
and  Territories.  The  following  table  from  the  Census  Report,  gives  the  sta 
tistics  of  coal  mined  in  the  United  States  during  the  year  ending  June  1, 

1860: 

ANTHRACITE. 

Pennsylvania 8,114,842  tons. 

Rhode  Island 1,000     * 

Total 8,115.842  tons. 

BITUMINOUS. 
Pennsylvania 2,090,780  tons.        Iowa 41.920  tons. 


Ohio 1,265,600 

Illinois 728,400 

Virginia 473,300 

Maryland 438.000 

Kentucky 285.700 

Tennessee 165,300 

Indiana...                             .  101.280 


Alabama 10.200 

Washington  Territory 5,374 

Missouri 3.880 

Rhode  Island 3,800 

Michigan 2,320 

Georgia   1,900 

Arkansas..  200 


Total  Bituminous 6,218,080 

"      Anthracite  ... 8,115.842 


Grand  Total  (value  $20,243,037) 14,333,922  tons. 

Increase  m  value  since  1851,  182  per  cent. 

No  full  official  statistics  have  been  collected  since,  but  the  returns  of  the 
Internal  Revenue  for  1864  show  the  product  of  that  year  to  have  been  16,398,- 
186  tons,  and  the  total  product  for  1868  did  not  vary  far  from  19,000,000  tons, 
valued  at  $26,000,000.  The  ratio  of  the  several  States  has  not  changed  greatly 
since  1860,  except  that  the  product  of  California,  has  sprung  up.  Her  Mt. 
Diabolo  mines  are  yielding  about  200,000  tons  annually.  A  land  carriage  of 
six  miles  and  a  water  carriage  of  fifty,  takes  their  product  to  San  Francisco. 
The  Bellingham  Bay  mines  in  Washington  Territory  already  yield  largely, 
and  are  capable  of  much  greater  development.  They  produce  an  admirable 
quality  of  coal,  used  extensively  on  the  Pacific  coast  for  manufacturing  pur 
poses.  In  our  Atlantic  cities,  English  cannel  coal  is  used  for  making  gas. 
The  duty  on  imported  coal  is  $1.10  per  ton  of  28  bushels.  Our  imports 
and  exports  for  1867  are  given  as  follows  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Statistics :  Coal  imports,  521,305  tons,  value,  $1,455,044 ;  exports,  285,101 
tons,  value,  $1,846,199.  The  export  is  chiefly  anthracite,  and  more  valuable 
than  the  imported  qualities. 

COPPER. 

The  name  of  this  metal  is  derived  from  Cyprus,  the  island  on  which  it  was 
mined  by  the  Greeks.  Various  ancient  and  semi-civilized  nations  were  fa 
miliar  with  its  use.  Tools  and  other  articles  of  copper,  showing  considerable 
metallurgic  knowledge,  have  been  found  among  the  relics  of  the  Mound  Build 
ers  who  once  occupied  our  western  States.  The  Aztecs  and  Peruvians  too,  made 
chisels  and  axes  of  it.  Bronze,  a  compound  of  copper  and  tin,  was  regarded 
by  the  ancients  as  a  sacred  metal,  and  largely  used  in  monuments  and  statues. 
The  Colossus  of  Rhodes  was  built  of  it,  a  hundred  feet  high.  After  standing 
56  years,  it  was  overthrown  by  an  earthquake.  It  lay  upon  the  ground  for 
nine  centuries,  and  then  its  fragments,  sold  by  the  Saracens  to  a  Jew,  are  said 
to  have  weighed  720,000  pounds,  and  to  have  required  900  camels  to  remove 
them.  A  set  of  bronze  surgical  instruments  has  been  discovered  in  the  ruins 


1869.]  MINING.  G57 

of  Pompeii.  Brass  is  the  most  useful  alloy  of  copper.  Oreide,  a  new  alloy 
of  copper  and  zinc,  with  the  addition  of  small  quantities  of  sal  ammoniac, 
quick-lime,  magnesia  and  crude  tartar,  is  sometimes  known  as  "  French  gold," 
and  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  cheap  watches  and  jewelry. 

Copper  is  found  in  a  variety  of  ores,  often  of  great  beauty,  and  also  in  a 
metallic  state,  sometimes  in  enormous  masses.  The  mines  of  Cornwall  are 
extremely  rich.  One,  at  a  cost  of  $500,  is  said  to  have  yielded  $18,500  worth 
of  ore.  The  Burra  Burra  mines  of  Australia  began  working  in  1845,  and  in 
five  years  had  yielded  more  than  three  and  a  half  millions  of  dollars. 

Copper  was  discovered  in  New  England  in  1648.  The  first  copper  tea 
kettle  of  native  metal  was  made  in  1702.  Copper  ores  have  been  worked 
in  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Connecticut  and  other  eastern  States ;  and  mines 
have  recently  been  opened  in  Tennessee,  Arizona  and  California.  But  prac 
tically,  all  the  copper  product  of  the  United  States  comes  as  yet  from  the 
Lake  Superior  region,  which  was  known  only  to  hunters  up  to  1842.  There 
the  metal  is  found  in  a  ridge  of  trap  rock,  two  miles  wide,  extending 
south-westerly  from  the  lake.  Some  enormous  masses  of  pure  copper  have 
been  taken  from  it.  One  piece  weighing  six  tons,  and  discovered  under  a 
hemlock  tree  300  years  old,  had  been  cleared  of  the  vein-stone  by  fire,  show 
ing  that  ancient  mining  was  carried  on  there,  probably  by  the  Mound  Build 
ers.  Another  mass,  weighing  nearly  500  tons,  required  upwards  of  a  ton  of 
gunpowder  to  detach  it  from  the  rock.  The  first  shipments  from  the  Lake 
Superior  region  were  in  1845.  The  total  yield  of  the  mines  from  that  time 
to  the  close  of  1868  has  been  100,000  tons.  The  yield  for  1868  was  about 
12,000  tons. 

Copper  is  extracted  from  its  ores  by  smelting  and  calcination,  and  prepared 
for  the  market  in  ingots,  which  the  rolling  mills  convert  into  sheets.  Half 
the  copper  ores  of  the  world  are  reduced  in  the  great  smelting  establishments 
of  Swansea,  South  Wales.  Our  furnaces  are  chiefly  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 
Thus  far,  Great  Britain,  Chili  and  Russia  are  the  chief  copper  producing 
countries,  but  the  product  of  the  United  States  increases  year  by  year. 

LEAD. 

Blocks  of  lead  with  Latin  inscriptions,  supposed  to  date  back  to  the  Ro 
man  invasion  have  been  found  in  Great  Britain,  and  Roman  and  Moorish 
lamps  and  tools  discovered  in  lead  mines  in  Spain..  The  Saxons  too  had  a 
mine  appropriately  dedicated  to  Odin.  There  are  no  records  of  ancient 
lead  mines  out  of  Europe;  and  at  the  present  day,  the  only  mines  of  impor 
tance  are  in  Europe  and  the  United  States.  Smelting  the  ore  is  very  preju 
dicial  to  health,  and  workmen  suffer  much  from  colic  and  paralysis. 

Small  veins  of  lead  were  discovered  early  in  New  England,  but  during  the 
Revolutionary  war,  the  metal  was  very  scarce ;  churches  and  private  houses 
were  stripped  of  their  supplies,  patriotic  ladies  surrendered  their1  shining 
pewter  ware,  and  the  equestrian  statue  of  George  III.  in  New  York  was 
melted  down  to  furnish  bullets  for  the  soldiers. 

The  great  lead  region  of  which  Galena,  Illinois,  and  Dubuque,  Iowa,  are 
the  chief  centers,  was  discovered  in  1700,  but  was  first  worked  by  Julien  Du- 
42 


658  ™E  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

buque  in  1788.     The  rich  deposits  of  Missouri  were  discovered  by  La  Motte, 
in  1720,  but  were  not  worked  till  1854. 

The  Galena  region  is  our  largest  source  of  domestic  supply.  It  is  more  de 
veloped  than  the  Missouri  districts,  as  transportation  from  it  is  easy,  both  by 
railroad  and  the  Mississippi  river.  The  Granby  region  in  South-west  Mis 
souri  is  exceedingly  rich,  and  a  single  block  of  pure  ore  weighing  two  thou 
sand  pounds  has  been  taken  out.  The  ore  averages  80  per  cent,  of  lead.  It 
is  found  from  10  to  75  feet  below  the  surface,  and  raised  in  buckets  worked 
by  horse  power,  or  by  windlass  and  crank.  The  mining  is  chiefly  confined 
to  a  few  hundred  acres,  but  the  lead  deposits  in  that  region  underlie  a  very 
large  extent  of  country.  At  present,  the  lead  has  to  be  hauled  in  wagons 
over  the  mountains,  for  nearly  two  hundred  miles  to  the  railway  at  Holla, 
or  to  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Osage  river ;  but  the  South-west  Pacific 
Railroad  is  building  toward  the  lead  region,  and  whenever  the  locomotive 
reaches  it,  the  product  will  be  greatly  increased.  Considerable  lead  is  also 
produced  along  the  Iron  Mountain  Railway,  in  South-eastern  Missouri.  All 
the  American  lead  is  remarkable  for  its  softness  and  purity.  The  annual 
returns  of  lead  product  are  very  imperfect  and  unsatisfactory,  but  the  an 
nual  yield  of  the  three  chief  lead  producing  countries  is  estimated  as 
follows:  Great  Britain,  153,298,880  Ibs. ;  Spain,  67,200,000  Ibs. ;  United 
States,  38,000,000  Ibs.  The  imports  into  the  United  States  exceed  consid 
erably  the  domestic  product. 

QUICKSILVER. 

There  are  records  of  the  existence  of  this  metal  nearly  three  hundred  years 
before  Christ,  and  its  use  in  amalgamating  gold  was  known  early.  The  chief 
ore  is  cinnabar.  The  estimated  annual  yield  is  as  follows :  Spain,  20,000  cwt.; 
Austria,  2,500  cwt. ;  California,  35,500  cwt, ;  Peru,  3,000  cwt. ;  total,  61,000 
cwt.  The  chief  demand  is  for  mining  uses,  calomel,  vermilion,  and  manu 
facture?.  Between  the  Almaden  mine  in  Spain,  and  the  New  Almaden  of 
California,  there  is  a  lively  rivalry.  The  old  Almaden  supplies  the  most  of 
Europe,  and  ships  some  quicksilver  as  far  west  as  the  city  of  Mexico.  Until 
recently  it  controlled  the  Chinese  market,  but  the  manager  of  the  New  Alma 
den  shipped  10,000  flasks  to  Hong  Kong,  and  sold  them  so  far  below  cost  as 
to  drive  the  European  quicksilver  back  to  Spain.  Since  then,  California  has 
supplied  China ;  but  Spain,  by  the  same  tactics,  keeps  the  California  quick 
silver  out  of  the  London  market.  The  Idria  mine  in  Austria,  sends  its  pro 
duct  chiefly  to  the  silver  mines  of  Hungary.  Its  miners  are  a  uniformed  corps, 
numbering  500. 

The  New  Almaden  mine  of  California  was  long  known  to  the  Indians,  but 
was  not  worked  until  1845.  It  produces  annually  about  24,000  flasks  of  76 
pounds  each ;  the  New  Idria  of  California,  10,000  flasks ;  and  the  Redding- 
ton,  10,000  flasks.  As  the  demand  for  quicksilver  remains  about  the  same, 
whether  the  price  is  high  or  low,  the  owners  of  these  three  mines  form  a 
combination  and  produce  only  what  the  market  requires,  not  -unning  their 
works  much  beyond  half  their  capacity.  Their  product  is  consumed  by  our 
Pacific  States  and  Teritories,  Mexico,  South  America,  and  China.  Cinnabar 


1869.]  MINING.  C59 

has  been  found  in  Idaho,  and  some  of  our  other  new  states,  but  as  yet,  is  not 
worked. 

TIN. 

Tin  seems  to  have  been  kown  from  the  remotest  antiquity.  It  is  mentioned 
in  the  Bible,  among  the  plunder  taken  from  the  Midianites,  as  a  metal  to  be 
purified  by  fire.  It  is  frequently  alluded  to  in  the  Iliad,  and  seems  to  have 
been  familiar  to  Egyptians,  Phoenicians,  Greeks  and  Romans.  The  Phoeni 
cians  obtained  it  from  Britain,  which,  according  to  some  philologists,  means 
"Tin  Island."  The  Romans  had  the  art  of  coating  copper  with  it,  but  its 
application  to  iron  Avas  not  discovered  until  the  17th  century.  The  chief  tin 
mines  of  the  world  are  in  Cornwall,  England,  and  upon  the  isle  of  Banca, 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  though  tin  is  found  in  smaller  quantities  in  sev 
eral  other  European  and  South  American  countries,  in  Mexico  and  in  a  few 
states  of  our  Union.  Some  deposits  in  California  are  thought  to  be  prom 
ising,  but  as  yet,  no  metal  is  taken  out. 

ZINC. 

Zinc  was  first  obtained  as  a  metal  during  the  13th  century.  In  the  17th, 
Europe  imported  it  from  India,  under  the  name  of  spelter.  The  first  zinc 
was  produced  in  this  country  in  1838,  for  the  brass  standard  weights  and 
measures  ordered  by  Congress.  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  Arkansas,  Wiscon 
sin,  Missouri,  New  Jersey  and  Tennessee  all  yield  it.  A  block  from  New 
Jersey  weighing  16,400  pounds  was  exhibited  at  the  World's  Fair  in  London 
in  1851.  Great  Britain,  Belgium,  Spain  and  other  European  countries  also 
produce  it."  Of  the  entire  product  of  the  world,  Prussia  yields  58  per  cent, 
Belgium,  27,  Russia,  7,  and  the  United  States,  3. 

Platinum,  nickel,  antimony,  cobalt  and  other  minor  metals,  are  found  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States.  In  the  precious  metals,  our  product  is 
already  far  in  advance  of  that  of  any  other  country,  and  under  the  stimulus 
of  the  first  Pacific  Railroad,  to  be  completed  across  the  continent  in  the  early 
summer  of  1869,  a  few  years  will  suffice  to  quadruple  it.  In  coal,  iron,  cop 
per,  quicksilver  and  lead,  the  resources  of  our  continent  are  almost  boundless. 
With  the  increase  of  population  and  railways,  mining  will  grow  rapidly 
into  a  gigantic  national  interest,  and  America  will  lead  the  world  in  the 
value  and  variety  of  her  mineral  products. 

Until  recently  our  vast  mineral  resources  have  obtained  only  desultory  no 
tice  from  time  to  time  in  the  press  of  the  country.  There  are  now,  however, 
three  weekly  journals  devoted  exclusively  to  the  subject,  "  The  American 
Journal  of  Mining,"  an  unusually  full  and  careful  record,  published  in  New 
York,  and  edited  by  R.  W.  Raymond,  Ph.  D.,  a  mining  engineer,  who  is  also 
U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Mining  {Statistics ;  "  Hillyer's  U.  S.  Mining  Journal," 
also  of  New  York,  and  "Dewey's  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,"  of  San 
Francisco. 


660  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869 

LITERATURE  AND  LITERARY  INFLUENCES  OF  THE  DAY. 

BY   EVERETT   A.   DUYCINCK. 

IT  would  not  be  a  practicable  task  to  present  with  adequate  consideration 
and  detail,  within  the  limits  of  a  brief  essay,  the  various  points  and  reflec 
tions  which  so  comprehensive  a  theme  as  the  literature  of  the  times,  on  the 
instant  suggests.  The  literary  culture  of  the  age  is  linked  with  every  fibre 
of  a  vast  and  complex  civilization;  absorbing  the  ever  increasing  past, 
affected  by  the  genius  of  all  nations  and  a  sympathetic  activity  in  all  arts 
and  labors  which  has  no  bounds  but  those  of  the  globe  itself.  The  great 
subject — a  worthy  history  of  Literature — has  thus  far  baffled  the  energy  of 
the  most  assiduous  scholars.  The  most  neglected  topic  in  our  literature,  in 
an  age  of  criticism,  is  the  complete  analysis  of  the  literature  itself.  That  is 
a  work  for  long  years  of  preparation  and  long  years  of  execution.  Here  we 
can  give  but  a  few  passing  thoughts  of  the  moment  bearing  upon  influences 
of  the  hour. 

The  claim  of  America  to  the  possession  of  a  National  Literature  is  still 
occasionally  discussed  in  English  journals,  and  much  nonsense  is  written  on 
the  subject.  The  complaint  is  made  that  there  is  little  sufficiently  distinctive 
in  our  literature ;  and  it  is  generally  put  in  the  form  that  while  the  country 
has  a  virgin  soil,  huge  forests  and  gigantic  rivers,  freshness  of  nature  unlim 
ited,  our  books  seldom  reflect  or  emulate  these  physical  features ;  that  being 
a  new  people  we  should  have  a  new  literature.  When  one  of  our  authors 
produces  a  finished  book,  its  qualities  are  apt  to  be  pronouncejj  European, 
and  it  is  censured  as  an  imitation.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  what  is  expected 
at  our  hands.  The  foreign  critics  would  appear  to  be  better  pleased  with 
something,  as  coming  from  America,  vague,  disjointed,  grandiose,  the  skep 
tical  in  religion,  the  reckless  in  morals,  the  experimental  in  society,  than  with 
good  grammar,  elegant  diction,  profound  learning,  mature  philosophy,  faith 
ful  citizenship,  and  sound  Christianity.  Give  us  vigor,  these  pseudo  critics 
cry  out;  give  us  originality.  Your  Irvings,  Prescotts,  and  Longfellows, 
we  admit,  would  be  very  excellent  writers  for  the  old  world,  but  we  look 
for  something  different  from  the  new.  All  this  is  worse  than  idle.  There 
are  undoubtedly  climatic  and  other  physical  causes  at  work  in  America 
which  may  have  their  influence  on  the  persons  and  character  of  its  inhab 
itants  ;  but  the  effect  is  hardly  to  be  appreciated  in  the  higher  region  of 
authorship,  of  morals  and  ideas,  where  there  must  be  a  community  of 
privileges,  and  the  starting  point,  under  a  general  and  liberal  system  of  edu 
cation,  must  be  the  same  with  that  of  the  cultivated  classes  of  Europe.  An 
American  can  not,  if  he  would,  separate  himself  from  the  literature  of  the 
past  in  any  effort  of  literary  production.  He  can  not,  without  destroying 
his  whole  system  of  common  school  education,  ignore  his  Homer  and  Virgil, 
his  Shakespeare,  Bacon,  and  Milton.  Why  should  it  be  a  reproach  to  him 
that  the  flavors  of  a  foreign  culture  linger  in  his  style  ?  Every  great  author 
of  modern  times  is  indebted  to  his  predecessors,  and  the  farther  back  our 
researches  in  history  extend,  the  farther  back  the  debt  is  carried.  Are  Amer- 


18C9.]  LITERATURE  AND  LITERARY  INFLUENCES  OF  THE  DAY.  661 

leans  alone  to  be  cut  off  from  this  classic  reproduction ;  to  be  driven  to  the 
crude,  the  odd,  and  the  eccentric,  that  they  may  be  admitted  to  recognition 
as  semi-barbarians  only  by  the  men  of  letters  of  Europe  ?  The  position  is 
sufficiently  absurd.  There  should  be  no  difference  at  the  present  time  in  the 
standard  of  authorship  in  England  and  America.  The  latter  is  not  entitled 
to,  nor  need  she  ask,  indulgence  on  the  score  of  youth.  The  great  formative 
influences  act  alike  upon  both  worlds.  The  law  of  literary  production  is 
simply  this :  The  best  educated  community,  the  most  faithful  to  law  and 
religion,  the  most  truthful,  the  most  sincere,  the  most  susceptible  to  all  noble 
and  generous  influences  in  life  and  action,  will  produce  the  most  and  best 
authors  irrespective  of  the  breadth  of  the  rivers  and  the  circumference  or 
elevation  of  the  trees  of  the  forest.  Every  genuine  book  will,  of  course, 
have  its  individual  character,  like  its  writer,  and  will  have  its  peculiar  sub 
ject  matter.  These  will  give  originality  to  the  volume;  but  no  greater  dif 
ference  is  to  be  expected  between  American  and  English  authors  than  between 
separate  authors  of  either  nation.  The  American,  as  it  often  happens,  may 
be  elegant,  refined  and  conservative ;  the  Englishman  may  be  rough,  uncouth 
and  radical ;  specimens  of  both  may  be  found  in  either  land.  Pray,  Messrs. 
British  Critics,  think  of  us  Americans,  as  living  not  in  the  days  of  Hengist 
and  Horsa,  but  like  the  rest  of  the  world,  in  the  Nineteenth  Century ! 

The  statistics  of  literary  production  in  the  two  countries  prove  that  we 
are  proceeding  pari  passu  with  England.  The  number  of  books  or  distinct 
publications  including,  we  presume,  pamphlets  of  importance,  published  in 
the  United  States  in  1867,  is  stated  in  a  valuable  statistical  article  in  Apple- 
ton's  Annual  Cyclopedia  for  that  year,  as  2,110  against  an  estimate  for  Great 
Britain  during  the  corresponding  period,  of  4,144.  The  American  estimate 
embraces  some  300  reprints  or  translations,  a  proportion  of  only  about  one- 
seventh  of  the  whole,  which  leaves  a  highly  favorable  exhibition  for  original 
American  productions.  The  number  of  books  written  in  England  and  repub- 
lished  in  the  United  States  is,  we  are  inclined  to  think,  becoming  relatively 
less  from  year  to  year — a  result  directly  attributable  to  American  progress,  to 
the  material  development  of  the  country  and  its  consequent  increased  mental 
wants ;  to  the  stimulus  given  to  education,  furnishing  the  means  of  supply 
ing  these  wants.  The  country  is,  in  fact,  by  the  simple  law  of  its  necessities, 
becoming  constantly  less  and  less  dependent  upon  Europe  for  its  literature. 
Its  books  are  the  natural  growth  of  its  own  life ;  and  as  that  life  becomes,  as 
it  inevitably  must,  under  the  pressure  of  a  population  advancing  without 
precedent,  more  and  more  earnest,  with  greater  responsibilities  and  heavier 
duties,  so  must  the  literature,  in  the  words  of  an  old  poet,  "  make  wing  and 
get  power." 

The  most  numerous  classes  of  books,  in  both  England  and  America,  are 
first,  religious  works ;  second,  works  of  fiction  and  books  for  children ;  after 
which  come  technical  works,  including  school  books;  while  poetical  and 
historical  literature,  (including  biography),  and  criticisms,  and  travels,  are  in 
about  equal  minor  proportions.  As  in  all  other  forms  of  production,  the 
every  day  wants  are  first  supplied;  afterward,  the  luxuries  and  refinements. 


C62  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

Generally  speaking,  according  to  population,  it  would  appear  that  the  relative 
aggregate  literary  productiveness  of  the  two  countries,  is  not  very  unequal. 
The  school-master,  whom  Lord  Brougham,  a  half-century  ago  started  on  his 
travels,  is  evidently  still  "abroad"  wherever  the  English  language  is  spoken. 
If  we  were  to  look  into  these  six  thousand  publications  of  the  year,  we  would 
doubtless  find  them,  with  allowance  for  the  usual  per  centage  of  mediocrity, 
creditable  to  the  intellectual  progress  of  both  nations,  while  we  might  be 
compelled  to  admit  that  few  really  great  original  works  which  would  long 
survive,  were  in  the  catalogue.  The  general  impression,  indeed,  made  by  a 
survey  of  the  literature  of  the  day  is,  that  there  is  a  falling  off  in  eminent 
authorship  from  the  first  half  of  the  century.  If  we  call  the  roll  of  authors 
of  that  period  in  England,  who,  at  the  present  hour,  supply  the  places  of  Scott, 
Byron,  Wordsworth,  Coleridge,  Southey,  Moore,  Crabbe,  Campbell,  Lamb, 
Sydney  Smith,  Hood,  Hallam,  Macaulay,  and  their  companions  ?  But  one 
poet  now  stands  prominently  forth  in  England,  the  accepted  of  all  cultivated 
English  speaking  people — Alfred  Tennyson ;  while  one  novelist,  Charles 
Dickens,  maintains  the  humor,  so  characteristic  a  feature  of  the  literary 
prowess  of  the  last  generation.  In  America,  we  are  relatively  rather  better 
off,  for  our  foremost  writers  came  late  into  the  field ;  and  though  the  literary 
world  mourns  Cooper,  and  Irving,  and  Halleck,  and  Prescott,  and  Hawthorne, 
yet  we  have  still  Bryant,  Longfellow,  Whittier,  Lowell,  Holmes,  Emerson, 
Bancroft,  Simms,  Motley,  each  in  his  way,  a  master  in  his  department.  In  neither 
country  do  we  see  the  indications  of  much  rising  greatness ;  though  in  both 
are  to  be  perceived  an  advancing  literary  standard.  There  is  an  average  level 
with  no  mountain  elevations ;  but  in  the  upheaval  of  society  the  table-land 
of  to-day  is  higher  than  the  dead-level  of  the  last  century.  The  new  medi 
ocrity  is  a  better  article  than  the  old,  for  there  is  generally  more  activity  in 
the  world ;  the  interests  which  engage  the  attention  of  men  are  of  greater 
moment ;  the  forces  are  greater ;  the  strife  and  competition  are  stronger ;  men 
must  know  more,  and  be  prepared  to  think  rapidly,  to  act  with  quickness  and 
decision.  The  cultivation  of  the  laboring  and  less  wealthy  classes  is  greatly 
improved.  The  number  of  persons  who  can  neither  read  nor  write,  is  much 
smaller.  The  education  of  the  mass  reacts  upon  the  few  above  them.  Every 
day  science  is  raising  the  standard  of  knowledge ;  and  though  consummate 
wisdom  may  be  rare  as  ever,  follies  of  active  growth,  it  may  be  observed,  are 
of  shorter  life.  In  regard  to  the  higher  departments  of  literature,  the  present 
time,  concerned  almost  entirely  with  the  practical  and  immediate,  may  be  but 
the  necessary  period  of  preparation  for  another  great  harvest  of  the  works  of 
genius.  The  temper  of  the  people  is  being  tried  and  facts  are  being  accu 
mulated  in  great  wars,  in  political  conflicts,  in  social  organization,  in  discov 
eries  in  nature,  in  explorations  of  new  lands,  in  an  unprecedented  develop 
ment  of  the  supplies  and  incentives  of  civilization.  The  poet,  in  nature's 
own  time,  will  brood  upon  these  and  there  will  spring  forth  the  epic  of  the 
new  centuries.  Nothing  in  the  past  has  been  lost  to  literature  and  art,  and 
there  is  nothing  of  worth  in  our  present  that  will  not  be  absorbed  and  live 
on  the  printed  page  hereafter.  As  Homer  gathered  up  the  early  life  of  Greece, 


1S09.1  LITERATURE  AND  LITERARY  INFLUENCES  OP  THE  DAY.  663 

and  Virgil  the  glowing  sovereignties  of  Rome,  Dante  the  religion  of  the  mid 
dle  age,  Milton,  the  learning  which  had  preceded  him,  and  Shakespeare  swept 
the  whole  circle  of  humanity — so  of  this  present  teeming  life,  costing  so 
much  of  pain  and  effort,  redeemed  by  so  much  that  is  self-devoted,  honor 
able  and  useful, 

There  shall  be  sung  another  golden  age, 

The  rise  of  empire  and  of  arts. 
The  good  and  great  inspiring  epic  rage, 

The  wisest  heads  and  noblest  hearts. 

The  present  is  emphatically  the  age  of  the  practical  and  immediate.  Good 
business  qualities  are  most  in  request,  even  in  literature,  where  formerly  the 
remote  was  pursued  by  a  roundabout  path.  We  see  it  in  the  decline  of 
rhetorical  eloquence  at  the  bar,  the  pulpit,  and  the  senate.  Fine  speaking 
and  fine  writing  as  such  are  getting  to  be  held  more  and  more  in  contempt. 
The  lawyer  is  expected  to  come  at  once  to  the  point  by  the  most  direct  road, 
and  should  he  scatter  flowers  of  fancy  by  the  way,  they  are  suspected  by  the 
intelligent  juror  as  devices  to  divert  his  judgment  from  the  true  issue.  In 
our  American  political  representative  bodies  the  practice  hardly  as  yet  con 
forms  to  this  standard ;  but  it  prevails  with  men  of  wreight  and  intelligence, 
while  flowery  tropes  and  impertinent  decorations  are  an  infallible  mark  of 
the  half-educated.  It  is  not  the  emotions  of  legislators  which  are  to  be  ex 
cited,  but  the  sober  interests  of  their  constituents  which  are  to  be  maintained 
and  promoted — most  of  the  questions  being  of  direct  material  welfare.  The 
pulpit  offers  the  last  field  for  eloquence,  for  its  province  is  emphatically  to 
arouse  the  sympathies,  wrhile  it  deals  with  the  transcendental  and  supernatural, 
and  draws  man  beyond  the  visible  and  earthly ;  but  even  here  its  topics  are 
best  presented  in  a  simple,  easy,  natural  manner,  given  less  and  less  to  the 
doctrinal  and  purely  argumentative,  but  enforcing  lessons  of  practical  good, 
translating  life  into  duty,  and  leading  man  to  the  heavenly  by  the  sacred  analo 
gies  of  earth.  So  far  has  the  pursuit  of  the  immediate  in  recent  times  ex 
tended  that  the  Stage,  formerly  the  guide  and  incentive  to  the  highest  liter 
ary  production,  has  almost  entirely  ceased  to  give  birth  to  a  play  which  out 
lasts  the  recitation  of  the  hour — a  twelvemonth.  The  playwright  of  the 
day  throws  off  a  score  of  successful  dramas,  not  one  of  which  is  transferred 
from  the  boards  to  the  shelves  of  the  library. 

Yet  with  all  this,  the  better  education  of  the  country  is  yet  going  on,  with 
a  promise  that  the  new  life,  at  least  for  the  majority,  shall  be  better  than  the 
old.  The  present  development  of  all  the  means  of  education  in  the  United 
States,  is  a  sure  indication  of  the  future.  It  extends  to  every  department 
from  the  village  school  to  the  University,  from  the  spelling-book  to  the 
treatise  on  philosophy.  Money  is  being  generously  contributed  to  the  found 
ation  and  enlargement  of  colleges,  to  the  creation  of  libraries ;  no  village 
can  be  said  to  be  properly  founded  without  its  lyceum  or  institute.  In  cities, 
the  influences  of  learning  are  permeating  the  mass  of  the  people.  The  sta 
tistics  not  yet  collected  of  the  wealth  of  private  libraries  would  astonish  the 
careless  observer.  The  taste  of  the  public  is  improving  with  its  knowledge, 


C64  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

as  scholars  push  their  way  into  more  distant  and  retired  provinces  of  learning. 
The  reception  given  to  Professor  Longfellow's  recent  version  of  the  great 
poem  of  Dante — the  crowning  work  of  a  life-time  of  poetic  culture — is  a 
good  omen  of  the  future.  Honoring  Bryant  also,  the  nation  pays  its  tribute 
to  the  highest  order  of  excellence,  bestowing  its  admiration  upon  genius, 
which  burning  only  with  a  vestal  light,  has  been  consecrated  in  pure  expres 
sion  to  the  beautiful  and  severe  majesty  of  truth  and  virtue.  American  lit 
erature  has  indeed  this  honor,  that  its  service  has  been  one  of  purity.  Its 
critics  thus  far  have  had  little  to  blush  for  in  writing  its  history. 

Looking  abroad,  we  mid  the  same  honors  paid  to  Tennyson,  facile  princeps, 
the  head  of  English  poets ;  and  it  is  at  once  complimentary  to  him  and  the 
English  reading  public  that  every  scrap  which  falls  from  his  pen  is  seized 
upon  with  eagerness,  and  subjected  to  a  species  of  attention  mostly  confined 
to  time-honored  classic  authorship.  A  notable  example  of  this,  in  the  past 
year,  is  the  reception  of  his  philosophic  poem  Lucretius,  issued  as  an  article 
in  Macmillan's  Magazine,  and  at  once  commented  upon  in  papers  in  the  other 
periodicals  and  the  press,  the  Times  taking  the  lead  in  the  work  of  analysis 
and  eulogy.  The  poem,  as  a  work  of  art,  is  indeed  worthy  of  its  author. 
Availing  himself  of  a  questionable  tradition  of  the  Roman  poet's  death, 
resting  on  unsatisfactory  authority,  untenable  in  itself,  and  derogatory  to  the 
poet's  character,  Tennyson  has  woven  with  this  assumption  the  rarest  felicities 
of  thought  and  of  poetical  expression — such  an  infusion  of  classical  concep 
tions,  bound  in  blank  verse  of  exquisite  music,  in  a  whole  of  linked  power  and 
sweetness,  unsurpassed  in  English  poetry  since  the  muse  of  Milton.  As  with 
that  great  master  of  idyllic  and  epic  song,  his  learning  becomes  thoroughly 
incorporated  with  his  fancy  and  reflections  as  he  builds  the  lofty  rhyme. 
Poetry,  with  Tennyson,  is  consummate  skill,  and  according  to  his  attempts, 
hitherto  with  power  proportionate.  He  need  only  take  more  imposing  subjects, 
than  any  he  has  ventured  upon,  save  in  his  noble  requiem  "  In  Memoriam,"  to 
assume  his  place  with  the  greater  gods  of  British  verse.  Secondary  and  below 
him  are  Browning,  Arnold,  Buchanan,  Swinburne,  who  has  hardly  sustained 
the  promise  of  "  Atalanta  in  Calydon,"  and  Morris,  the  author  of  "  Jason." 

The  death  of  Lord  Brougham  at  Cannes  in  April,  at  the  venerable  age  of 
ninety,  marks  the  close  of  a  memorable  period.  His  name,  if  not  identified 
with  the  higher  forms  of  literature,  for  he  wa's  neither  a  great  philosopher, 
poet  or  historian,  is  linked  to  the  mental  progress  of  the  age  by  some  of  its 
most  enduring  landmarks.  As  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Edinburgh  Review 
at  the  beginning  of  the  century,  as  one  of  the  originators  of  Mechanics  Insti 
tutes,  as  the  author  of  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge 
and,  at  the  close  of  his  life  a  participator  in  the  Society  for  the  Promotion 
of  Social  Science ;  by  his  contributions  to  biography,  his  writings  on  politi 
cal  science,  his  elaborate  speeches  in  Parliament,  his  persistent  and  successful 
advocacy  of  legal  reform,  he  rendered  practical  services  to  his  age  and 
country  in  labors  which  did  not  perish  with  the  day,  but  are  now  bearing 
fruit  and  will  continue  to  influence  the  welfare  of  the  future.  Such  men, 
impressing  the  world  by  their  activity,  with  a  semblance  of  ubiquity,  busy 


1869.]  LITERATURE  AND  LITERARY  INFLUENCES  OF  THE  DAY.  665 

in  the  diverse  forms  of  literature,  in  the  halls  of  science,  connected  with  all 
the  intellectual  movements  of  the  day,  do  more  than  is  sometimes  conceded 
to  them  by  their  cotemporaries  in  binding  together  and  bringing  out  the 
mental  forces  of  their  time.  Whether  in  co-operation  or  disagreement  with 
others,  their  influence  is  great.  England,  of  late,  has  lost  several  such  men 
of  exuberant  vitality — Whewell,  Whately,  in  a  restricted  degree  Wiseman 
and,  though  of  another  nation,  Chevalier  Bunsen. 

The  visit  of  Charles  Dickens  to  the  United  States  during  the  year,  though 
mainly  to  be  regarded  as  a  strictly  professional  tour,  yet  for  the  peculiar 
character  of  that  journey  and  a  certain  representative  character  of  the  man, 
in  his  eminent  position  as  an  author,  is  well  worthy  of  being  chronicled 
among  the  literary  events  of  importance — perhaps  in  both  aspects  to  have 
its  influence  for  good  in  the  future.  Mr.  Dickens,  induced  by  the  earnest 
solicitation  of  friends  in  this  country,  who,  as  the  event  proved,  had  not  mis 
read  the  wishes  of  the  people,  came  to  Boston  in  the  autumn  of  1867,  and 
in  a  few  months  reaped  from  the  reading  of  portions  of  his  writings  in 
public,  a  pecuniary  harvest  which  is  probably  underestimated  at  one  hund 
red  thousand  dollars  in  gold — a  sum  which  invested  in  United  States  securi 
ties,  at  their  present  terms,  is  suflicient  to  provide  a  liberal  income  for  the 
author  and  his  family  into  an  indefinite  future.  For  this  mode  of  recom 
pensing  authorship  the  fraternity  of  writers  is  indebted  to  the  example  and 
success  of  Mr.  Dickens. 

The  best  avenue  of  the  author  to  fame  and  fortune  will  still,  we  believe, 
be  the  easy  well  tried  track  of  the  publisher's  counter.  It  will  be  the  most 
constant  resource,  and  upon  the  whole  the  most  satisfactory.  Let  all  other 
honorable  means,  however,  be  tried  and  if  found  advantageous,  be  welcomed. 
The  prosperity  of  men  of  letters  must  inevitably  add  to  the  welfare  of  pub 
lishers  ;  and  without  pursuing  this  subject  into  the  speculations  it  invites,  it 
may  be  remarked  that  this  was  pleasantly  shown  in  the  course  of  the  recent 
money  making  tour  of  Mr.  Dickens,  as  the  publishers  with  characteristic 
energy  promptly  followed  in  his  footsteps  with  rival  editions  of  his  works. 
The  success  of  this  speculation  of  the  trade  was  certainly  complimentary  to 
the  fame  of  the  author.  If  he  received  little  directly  from  the  profits,  the 
book-sellers  proved  at  least  his  best  possible  advertisers  in  keeping  alive  the 
attention  of  the  public  and  forwarding  the  interests  of  the  reading  cam 
paign.  If  Mr.  Dickens  had  pursued  his  adventure,  traversing  the  country  in 
its  length  and  breadth,  he  might  to  the  equal  delight  of  his  publishers  have 
added  a  million  to  his  resources. 

In  the  other  aspect  of  the  case,  that  of  an  English  literary  representative, 
the  visit  of  Mr.  Dickens  has  already  proved  an  agreeable  one  in  its  conse 
quences.  The  British  press  has  chosen  to  take  this  view  of  the  reception, 
and  it  is  every  way  a  worthy  one.  For  a  writer  of  the  merit  and  eminence 
of  Mr.  Dickens  is  a  public  embassador  of  no  mean  order.  In  him  the  heart 
and  affections,  the  sufferings  and  sympathies  of  one  nation — in  which  all  are 
akin — speak  to  the  universal  brotherhood  of  man  in  every  other,  and  espe 
cially  where  the  glowing  inspiration  of  genius  is  expressed  in  a  common 


6(5(5  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

tongue.  Let  this  acceptation  be  enduring,  a  spring  of  courtesies  in  the  future 
in  the  comities  of  two  great  nations  to  be  bound  by  the  moral  and  intellec 
tual  ties  of  the  proud,  sensitive,  reflecting,  enjoying,  religious  Saxon  races. 
Nor  is  this  reciprocity  a  sentiment  merely  on  the  part  of  our  foreign  brethren. 
Mr.  Dickens  in  his  farewell  compliments  and  assurances  of  good-will  but 
anticipated  the  welcome  which  awaited  the  first  representative  of  American 
letters  of  similar  position  who  should  appear  in  England.  Happily  for  the 
honor  of  the  country  this  pilgrim  to  the  British  shores  has  proved  to  be  the 
poet  Longfellow,  than  whom  America  could  send  no  worthier  son  or  the 
genius  of  the  country  a  fitter  minister  plenipotentiary.  Immediately  on  his 
arrival  he  was  hailed  by  a  delegation  of  a  leading  popular  literary  institution, 
while  the  University  of  Cambridge  hastened  to  confer  upon  him,  in  full 
assembly,  her  most  distinguished  Academic  honors.  Mr.  Longfellow  will 
enjoy  abroad  the  rare  felicity  of  being  appreciated  alike  by  scholars  and  the 
people. 

Turning  our  thoughts  homeward  from  this  pleasing  prospect  of  international 
courtesies,  a  word  is  to  be  said  of  an  institution  which  is  never  overlooked 
in  any  festive  celebration.  The  Press  will  always  constitute  an  important 
province  of  American  letters.  It  is  indeed  not  generally  taken  into  account 
in  an  estimate  of  literature  proper,  but  it  well  deserves  to  be,  since  by  tar  the 
largest  amount  of  thinking  and  writing  in  the  country  and  much  of  the 
best,  is  in  this  department.  Nor  should  it  be  neglected  for  its  incidental 
ephemeral  character.  Though  necessarily  written  in  and  for  the  hour,  many 
articles  of  the  journals  exhibit — with  all  that  should  attract  at  the  moment 
— enduring  qualities.  There  are  newspapers  habitually  distinguished  for 
acuteness  of  argument,  philosophic  breadth  of  treatment,  felicity  of  style  and 
illustration,  candor  and  independence,  which  if  displayed  in  other  forms  of 
literature  would  secure  for  the  now  unknown  writers  an  enviable  reputation. 
The  newspaper  press  of  the  country  has  indeed  within  a  few  years  shown  a 
vast  improvement.  It  is  steadily  rising  in  respect  and  consideration,  in 
power  and  influence  at  home  and  abroad.  There  are  various  reasons  for  this 
beneficial  progress.  There  is  the  general  one  of  increased  culture  and  re 
finement  corresponding  with  the  growth  and  development  of  the  country  at 
large.  A  popular  institution,  it  rises  or  falls  with  the  public  taste.  "  The 
drama's  laws,"  it  was  said  of  the  stage,  "the  drama's  patrons  give."  To  the 
players  as  "  the  abstracts  and  brief  chroniclers  of  the  time  "  have  succeeded 
the  editors,  who  inheriting  the  maxim  do  not  rise  much  above  or  fall  greatly 
below  the  taste  of  their  supporters.  Hence  the  variety  of  talent,  ability 
and  propriety  in  the  several  forms  of  journalism  representing  different 
classes  of  the  community.  In  the  larger  cities  it  will  receive  the  fullest  de 
velopment.  Here  its  improvement  will  be  most  marked.  Its  course  is 
inevitably  onward.  It  must  every  day  become  a  more  faithful  chronicler  of 
events,  a  sounder  and  surer  guide  in  matters  of  opinion.  Allowing  much 
for  the  immoral  exigencies  of  political  party — which  are,  in  a  measure,  by 
their  very  excesses,  self-corrective — the  newspaper  press  of  the  country  may 
be  pronounced  upon  the  whole,  a  judicious  and  jealous  guardian  of  the 


1869.]  LITERATURE  AND  LITERARY  INFLUENCES  OF  THE  DAY.  667 

public  interest.  Comparing  its  present  position  with  that  which  it  held  in 
the  last  generation,  or  thirty  years  ago,  great  progress  may  be  noted  in  the 
mechanical  improvement  of  its  issues,  the  extension  of  its  sources  of  infor 
mation,  the  breadth  and  importance  of  its  discussions.  It  has  generally  out 
grown  one  of  its  most  odious  early  weaknesses,  its  occasional  meddling  with 
purely  private  affairs.  Time  was  when  malignants  or  seekers  of  notoriety 
of  a  certain  class,  instead  of  carrying  their  quarrels,  their  scandal,  their  pro 
fessed  injuries  to  the  courts,  would  parade  them  in  the  newspapers  of  the 
day,  with  endless  mutual  accusations  and  recriminations,  while  the  editors, 
like  the  gods  in  Homer,  would  descend  from  their  pedestals  to  mingle  in 
the  affray.  This  license  is  now  thought  puerile  and  contemptible.  A  stricter 
interpretation  of  the  law  of  libel,  with  its  visitation  of  penalties  has  brought 
about  a  wholesome  reform,  and  now  if  the  reader  seek  defamation  in  his 
newspaper,  in  private  interests  at  least,  he  must  be  content  to  receive  it  with 
its  antidote,  decently  filtered  through  the  legal  reports. 

The  special  causes  or  instruments  of  the  improvement  of  the  Press  are  to 
be  sought  for  in  the  concentration  of  the  newspaper  interest  in  great  enter- 
prizes,  requiring  the  employment  of  large  capital,  which  brings  with  it  a 
proportional  responsibility ;  in  the  rapid  multiplication  of  facts  to  be  pre 
sented  and  topics  discussed, — the  greater  inevitably  crowding  out  the  less — 
and  in  the  development  and  elevation  of  national  interests,  consequent  upon 
the  gigantic  war  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union.  The  Press  that  once 
spake  as  a  child,  in  those  days  now  forever  departed,  of  thoughtless  levity 
and  vain  glory,  the  untaxed  youth  of  the  nation,  that  "very  merry,  laugh 
ing,  quaffing  and  unthinking  time,"  must  now  consider  manly  things.  The 
war  has  made  the  nation  old  in  a  day.  She  is  no  longer  the  spoilt  and  petted 
child  of  fortune,  but  is  married  to  fate  and  experience  and  must  take  her 
place  in  the  battle  of  existence  with  the  scarred  historic  veterans  of  the  old 
world. 

In  a  secondary  way,  the  scientific  improvements  and  inventions  of  the  day 
have  had  much  to  do  in  moulding  the  character  of  the  press.  Of  these  it 
is  sufficient  to  allude  to  the  employment  of  the  land  and  ocean  magnetic 
telegraphs,  in  gathering  information  from  the  whole  world  almost  on  the 
instant,  to  a  particular  centre,  and  the  use  and  economy  of  the  cylinder 
steam  press  in  multiplying  copies  by  thousands,  instead  of  by  hundreds,  for 
circulation.  The  Atlantic  telegraph  has  virtually  enforced  independence 
upon  the  Press  of  America  by  anticipating  and  thus  precluding  the  former 
free  use  of  foreign  editorials.  The  brief  fact  only  is  now  furnished,  the  text 
of  the  discourse :  the  editor  must  supply  the  argument  or  preach  the  sermon 
by  his  own  powers.  He  is  compelled  to  think  for  himself  and  his  readers. 
Coupling  this  with  the  rapid  increase  of  home  topics  of  importance,  the 
result  is  a  complete  emancipation  from  the  old  subservience  to  European 
notions  or  opinions.  Formerly  foreign  interests  took  the  lead ;  they  now 
occupy  a  secondary  place  with  our  native  journalists,  who  attend  to  the 
paramount  business  of  the  nation,  once  happily  defined  by  Miss  Martineau 
as  "world  making." 


PAET   VI. 
PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  RETURNS. 


CALIFORNIA. 


B 

S 

6 
55 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
8-2 
33 
34 
.35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

Alpine 

154 
1,110 
1,860 
1,279 
1,143 
359 
1,091 
162 
1,076 
72 
769 
113 
208 
137 
248 
210 
748 
528 
456 
621 
98 
148 
580 
752 
3,014 
1,987 
712 
3,207 
263 
129 
12,183 
2,101 
373 
628 
428 
2,307 
1,153 
6:38 
1,328 
835 
1,541 
1,799 
350 
581 
.351 
595 

ass 

994 
995 
1,331 

67 

1,224 
1,262 
1,245 
1,050 
699 
.  738 
173 
1,688 
381 
507 
100 
422 
187 
454 
122 
1,286 
2,402 
663 
1,002 
272 
89 
663 
684 
2,455 
1,233 
554 
2,216 
378 
235 
13,582 
1,867 
315 
417 
301 
2,330 
737 
556 
794 
918 
1,443 
2,402 
642 
561 
398 
391 
679 
1,115 
1,0(51 
1,112 

1,467 

384 
1,392 
1,739 
2,071 
274 
958 
167 
2,949 
92 
423 

811 

228 
1,199 
1,117 

1,564 
425 
522 
139 
2,122 
359 
262 

Alameda  
Butte 

Calaveras          

Colusa                             

Del  Norte         

El  Dorado 

Fresno      

Humboldt                 

Inyo 

Kern         

Klamath                                  .  . 

139 
213 
318 
555 
685 
767 
576 
73 
167 
415 
7!35 
2,784 
2,314 
828 
4,192 
243 
97 
12,667 
1,849 
259 
600 
343 
1,930 
974 
909 
2,051 
925 
1,255 
2,026 
277 
677 
482 
653 
528 
1,589 
653 
1.870 
2,600 

122 

405 
236 

744 
410 
842 
778 
218 
138 
364 
592 
1,793 
1,474 
669 
1,763 
493 
197 
8,352 
1,427 
149 
377 
80 
1,202 
452 
562 
1,037 
957 
908 
2,336 
346 
586 
363 
461 
639 
1,566 
475 
1,3.33 
237 

Lake 

Lateen  
Los  Angeles 

Marin      

Mariposa                

Mendocino 

Merced       

Mono                             

Monterey 

Napa                   

Nevada 

Placer  

Plumas                     

Sacramento 

San  Bernardino  
San  Die^o 

San  Francisco 

San  Joaquin  
San  Luis  Obispo 

San  Mateo  

Santa  Barbara  
Santa  Clara 

Santa  Cruz  

Sh;i-ta            

Sieri-a 

Siskiyou  

Solano  

Stanislaus  

Sutter                      

To  ha  ma 

Trinity 

Tnlare                     

Yolo                  

Yuba  
Soldiers'  Vote 

Total                   

54,592 
514 

54,078 
108,670 

62,134 
18,293 

43,841 
105,975 

Majority                             

Aujgretjate  

(068; 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 


CG9 


THE  FOLLOWING  TABLES  GIVE  THE  VOTE  op  EACH  STATE  IN  THE  UNION  BY  COUNTIES,  FOR 

PRESIDENTIAL  CANDIDATES  AT  EACH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  PROM  1836  TO  1S68 ; 

ALSO,  THE  POPULAR  VOTE  op  EACH  STATE  IN  1868. 


CALIFORNIA. 


6 

o 

i_ 

i 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 

I860. 

1856. 

1852. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

Douglas, 
Democrat. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breckinridge, 
Democrat. 

Fremont, 
Republican. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

Fillmore, 
American. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

995 
1,033 
1,436 
977 
250 
612 
174 
2,118 
53 
335 

1,866 

513 

1,502 
1,875 
240 
416 
88 
2,695 
22 
445 

178 
62 
320 
240 
70 
136 
39 
206 
123 
20 

945 

481 
1,172 
1,717 
392 
391 
217 
1,907 
272 
232 

657 
723 
744 
562 

18 
188 

1,784 

729 
2.501 
2,615 
289 
457 

1,557 
213 

1,702 
1,504 
305 

288 

1,478 
2,290 
225 
413 

1,741 
2,848 
232 
590 

1,391 
1 
103 

4,048 
218 
204 

2,958 
123 
191 

5,146 

6,106 

92 

377 

36 

163 

82 

&32 

440 

217 

210 

352 

408 
262 
198 
39 

494 

282 
489 
235 
47 

201 
38 
319 
166 
53 

686 

285 
815 
499 
213 

521 
151 
165 
t  

721 
350 
1,254 

1&5 

82 

772 

498 
145 
854 

574 
137 
1,292 

14 

249 

124 

307 
440 
2,536 
1,742 
458 
2,670 
307 
81 
6,a34 
1,131 
148 
389 
46 
1,465 
671 
464 
1,468 
953 
680 
1,236 
167 
403 
244 
516 
141 
1,634 
534 
1,665 

233 
518 
2,372 
1,867 
503 
2,836 
224 
29 
4,030 
733 
122 
543 
305 
881 
286 
1,094 
1,541 
1,504 
602 
612 
230 
440 
495 
885 
211 
1,503 
496 
1,360 

5 
141 

403 
776 
211 
352 
98 
8 
944 
199 

"'4i' 
'"iio" 

129 
252 
390 
517 
292 
435 
66 

216 

679 
1,651 
1,447 
453 
1,690 
192 
148 
2,560 
1,374 
156 
130 
123 
722 
319 
584 
1,349 
760 
745 
1,467 
433 
440 
316 
593 
573 
2,037 
606 
1,876 

220 
157 
1,462 
992 
217 
941 
93 
18 
5,089 
548 
107 
238 
1&3 
809 
196 
169 
693 
464 
189 
382 
21 
92 
44 
188 
23 
1,056 
130 
650 

267 
444 
3,500 
2,808 
1,124 
3,438 
314 
173 
5,332 
1,285 
83 
282 
176 
576 
320 
1,537 
2,506 
2,073 
799 
1,515 
436 
491 
436 
1,011 
248 
2,936 
553 
2,451 

169 
341 

2.238 
2,096 
865 
3,386 
7 
38 
1,598 
1,040 
15 
113 
10 
673 
288 
1,083 
2,205 
1,791 
634 
498 
228 
347 
311 
882 
139 
2,112 
583 
2,081 

54 
208 
2,618 
2,295 

3,644' 

273 

270 

2,856 
2,831 

3,286' 

107 
4,167 
1,159 
112 

105 
4,241 
1,198 
11 

78 
827 
186 
757 
1,348 
459 
308 
267 

104 
799 
806 

971 

1,619 
492 
365 

474 

214 

"'683' 
32 
2,541 
400 
2,077 

205 

"'785' 
40 
3,132 

a>o 

2,199 

218 
153 
389 
372 
26 
159 

39,173 
657 

38,516 

6,817 

34,334 
118,840 

20,691 

53,365 

17,200 

36,165 
110,221 

35,407 

40,626 
5,219 
76,033 

'  New  County. 


t  With  Sonoma. 


G70 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
MAINE. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClell'n 
Dem. 

!  Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas 
Dam. 

Brock. 
Dem. 

65 
167 

345 
56 
1,062 
156 
183 
210 
199 
2,018 
374 
142 
212 
537 
348 
294 

Bell, 
Union. 

Frem'nt 
Rep. 

Buoh'n 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Americ'n 

Androscoggin.  .  . 
Aroostook  
Cumberland  
Franklin  
Hancock  
Kcnnebec 

4,427 
1,706 
9,139 
2-420 
3.520 
7.283 
2,762 
2,589 
4,406 
8,831 
1,821 
2,478 
4,397 
4,114 
3.1577 
6,856 

2,060 

657 

6,040 
1,407 
2,433 
3,062 
2,  -147 
1,940; 
2,901  1 
4,109 
969 
993 
2,583; 
2,424! 
2,848' 
5,517 

3,363 

1,059 
7,728 
2.248 
3,143 
6,808 
2.:54D 
&S67 
4,038 
7,471 
1,588 
2,671 
8,633 
3.938 
3.09!) 
6,305 

1,936 

679 
6.365 
1,790 
2,144 
3,347 
2,162 
2,495 
3,109 
4,287 
916 
1,120 
2,632 
2,724: 
2,927| 
5,578 

3,526 
1,142 

7,931 
2,281 
3,:«2 
6,599 
2,520 
2,510 
4,244 
6,997 
1,656 
1  2,257 
4,048 
3.SOO 
3,515 
6,460 

1.838 
414 
4,815 
1,358 
932 
2.353 
1,825 
1,073 
2.523 
1,555 
401 
630 
1,833 
1,434 
2,320 
4,389 

50 

345 
3 
189 
200 
68 
267 
16 
185 
14 
276 
174 
84 
75 
93 

3,388 
837 
8,211 
2,529 
8,667 
7,320 

4,935 

4,364 
7,861 
1,734 
2.956 
4,283 
5,159 
3,299 
6,636 

1,699 
795 

5,258 
1,358 
2,142 

2,487 

3,598 

3.116 

3.793 
915 
934 
1,926 
3.138 
2,867 
5,054 

186 

8 

005 
21 
Ifil 
340 

392 

28 
341 
97 
397 
417 
114 
64 
154 

!  Knox  

Lincoln  
Oxford 

Penobscot  
Piscataquis  
Sagadahoc. 

Somerset  .  .  , 

Waldo  
Washington  
York  

Total  
Majority 

70,426 
28,030 

42,396 

112,822' 

61,803 
17,592 

44,211 
106,014 

62,811 
33,118 

29,693 

6,368 

2,046 
100,918 

67,379 
28,299 

39,080 

3,325 

109,784 

Aggregate  

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Hep. 

Seymour, 
Dom. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClell'n 
Pern. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas 
Dem. 

1,786 
1,993 
1,912 
1,3:30 
3,504 
4.557 
3,813 
3,228 
1,995 
1,763 

Brock., 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buch'n 
Dem. 

Fillmore 

Belknap  

1,986 
1,947 
3,825 
1,382 
4,701 
7,265 
4,770 
6,186 
3,650 
2,479 

1,978 
2,163 
2,350 
1,542! 
4.396 
5,421! 
4,317 
4,819 
2,353 
1,885 

1,855 
1,782 
3,492 
1,116 
4,337 
6,378 
4,374 
5,819 
3,094 
2,279 
2,135 

2,216 
2.509 
2,444 
1,459 
4,574 
5,325 
4,768 
4,477 
2,550 
2,022 
1,878 

1,981 
2,148 

3,843 
1,349 
4,823 
6,888 
4,794 
5,720 
3,536 
2,437 

48 
42 
166 
43 
343 
221 
276 
618 
258 
97 

5 
8 
21 
2 

42 

88 
56 
116 
43 
30 

2,062 

2,185 
3,910 
1,200 
5,029 
7,081 
4,949 
5,914 
3,566 
2,449 

2,220 

2.511 
2,269 
1,508 
4,620 
5,326 
4,730 
4,915 
2,6,83 
2,007 

21 
17 
56 
2 
39 
85 
43 
111 
20 
28 

Carroll         

Cheshire  

Coos  

Grafton     

Hillsborough  .  .  . 
Mernmac  
Rockingham  
Straftbrd  

Sullivan  
Soldiers  vote 



Total       

38,191 
6,967 

31,224, 
69,426' 

34,382 
2^82 

32,200 
66,582 

37,519 
11,638 

25,881 

2,112 

411 
65,923 

38,345 
5,556 

32,789 

422 

71,556 

Majority  
Aggregate  .... 

DELAWARE. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

1880. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Republican 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican 

Fusion, 
Democrat. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

Fillmore, 
American, 

Kent  
Newcastle 

1,583 

4,217 
1,883 

2,878 
4,963 
3,139 

1,652 
4,274 
2,229 

2,402 
3,813 
2,552 

1,070 

2,074 
671 

2,948 
5,290 
3,986 

2,083 
3,577 
2,344 

1,530 
2,625 
2,020 

Sussex         

Total 

7,623 

10,980 
3,357; 

18,603; 

8,155 

8,767 
612| 
16,922j 

3,815 

12,224 
8,409, 
16,039, 

8,004 
1,829 

6,175 
14,170 

Majority  
Aggregate  

18(59.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

MAINE. 


671 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Hale, 

Free  Soil 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil 

Clay. 

Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Biraey, 
Abolifn. 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dom. 

787 
6,504 
1,810 
2,619 

2,703 

724 

4,471 
997 
1.809 
4^489 

80 
1,379 
596 
214 
954 

431 

4,797 
886 
2,075 
5,056 

868 

5,989 
1,431 
2,318 
2,634 

106 
1,744 
810 
247 
1,656 

398 
4,483 
1,132 
1,849 
5,393 

907 

6,367 
1,609 
2,608 
3,535 

21 
695 
392 
105 
561 

289 
6,790 
1,848 
2,434 
6,905 

480 

6,438 
2,058 
2,509 
3,521 

3,608 

"  "634 

1,867 

4,812 

i',665 

1,791 

5,163 

5,224 

563 

5,316 

4,670 

967 

4,566 

5,354 

461 

6,286 

5,188 

2,264 

2,527 

4,049 
4,513 

851 

1,560 
3,132 
693 

697 

1,015 
381 

1,531 
3,916 
937 

3,601 
4,591 
1,168 

1,201 
1,528; 
432 

1,887 
3,376 
1,047 

4,395 
4,898 
1,136 

397 

695 
228 

2,932 
4,333 
1,275 

4,800 
4,445 
1,136 

852 
1,483 

2,150 
2,425 

2,019 
3.126 
2,690 
5,270 

2,394 
1.379 

2,278 
3,393 

457 
757 
211 
726 

2,445 

1,768 
2,501 
3,466 

2,085 
3,382 
2,446 
4,697 

1,008 
1,107 
449 
341 

2,840 
1,826 
2,329 
3,216 

2,530 
4,661 
2,605 
5,117 

435 
316 

77 
453 

3,684 
2,694 
2,357 

4,785 

2,597 
5,069 
2,235 
5,725 

1,521 
305 
792 
1,913 

1,658 
1,611 
1.530 
3,393 

41,609  32,543 
9,066 

8,030 

82.182 

35,125 

39.880 
4,755 

11,596 
86,601 

34,342 

45.722 
11,380 

4,836 
84.900 

46,612 
411 

46,201 
92.813 

15,239 

22,9 
7.663 
38.141 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Hale, 
Free  Soil 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Birney, 
Free  Soil 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

1,837 

1,825 
2,264 
1,491 
4.28(5 
4.855 
4.628 
4,502 
2,250 
2,059 

737 
491 
2,063 
376 
2,043 
2,985 
1,627 
2.506 
2,003 
1,316 

262 
•350 
698 
167 
771 
1,447 
1,001 
1,071 
493 
430 

610 
539 

1,881 
230 
1,927 
2,799 
1,245 
2.710 
1,664 
1,176 

1,769 

1,8:35 
2,076 
1,282 
4,060 
4,773 
4,218 
3,972 
1,912 
1,866 

334 
625 
945 
219 
1,104 
1,257 
1,076 
982 
495 
523 

864 
732 
2,358 
348 
2,566 
3,124 
1,589 
2,830 
1,702 
1,553 

1,701 
1,816 

2,070 
1.364 
4,046 
4,583 
3,821 
4,007 
1,808 
1,944 

248 

233 
374 
108 
631 
675 
628 
584 
330 
350 

3,638 
525 
3,691 
4,084 
2,755 
4,102 
5,280 
2,088 

2,302 

1,341! 

4,978 
5,072 
5,030! 
4,984' 
6,755 
2,299 

1,446 
80 
584 
750 
594 
828 
1,068 
878 

1,507 
670 
2,708 
2,878 
3,187 
2,562 
3,696 
1,489 

1 

29,997 

13,850 

16,147 

6,695 
52,839 

14,781 

27,763 
12,982 

7,560 
50,104 

17,866 

27,160 
9,294 

4,161 
49,187 

26,153 

32,761 
6,608 
58,914 

6,228 

DELAWARE. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce. 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Democrat. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren 
Democrat. 

1,591 
2,768 
1,934 

1,422! 

3,038! 

11858 

1,497 

3,090 
1,834 

1,336 
2,717 
1,845 

1 

79 

1,573 
2,816 
1,869 

1,416 

2,678 
1,877 

1,593 
2,321 
2,053 

1,096 

2,195 
1,593 

1,205 
1,671 

1,857 

1.039 

1,814 
1,300 

6,293 

6,318 
25 
12.611 

6,421 
523 

5,898 

80 
12,399 

6,258 

287 

5,971 
12,229 

5,967 
1,083 

4,884 
10,851 

4,733 

580 

4,153 

8,886 

672 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

JERSEY. 


[1SG9. 


1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

COUNTIES. 

Grant, 

Seymour, 

Lincoln, 

McClcllan, 

Lincoln,        Fusion,     : 

Fremont, 

Buchanan,     Fillmore, 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Kep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

*.„ 

Dem. 

American. 

Atlantic  

1,033 

1,091 

1.117 

1,062 

1.109 

794 

547 

684          160 

Bercen  

2.164 

2,770 

1,554 

2,431 

1,453 

2,092 

436       1.548          797 

Burlington  
Camden  

5'928 
4,158 

5,161 
3,613 

5,280 

3,332 

4.176 

2,758 

5,269       4,036 
2,483       2.643 

8,149       3,682       1,584 
817!      1,7661      2,088 

Cape  May  
!  Cumberland  

958 

3,777 

672 
2,353 

7(51 
2.609 

557 

2.034 

680 
2,305 

520 
1.630 

177 
(542 

312 
1,574 

497 
1,231 

[Essex 

13.043 
2,475 

11,522 
1,769 

9.402 

1,998 

9,239! 
l,494l 

8,812!      9.711 
1,9681      1,470 

4,760 

639 

6.845 
986 

4,338 
1,380 

Gloucester  

Hudson  

7  301 

11  073 

4  616 

6  597 

3  491  1       K  1  rai 

1  702 

2  574 

1  411 

Hunterdon  
1  Mercer  
Middlesex  
Monmouth  

3,414 
4,378 
3.946 
3.771 

4,796 
4,435 
4,274 
5,236 

2*681 

3.726 

3,037 
3,001 

4^355  ! 
3,792! 
3,740i 
4.410 

2,827 
3,675 
2,924 
3,09( 

3,934 
3,355 
3,605 
4,089 

1,554 
2.155 
1,209 
1,003 

3.496 
2,857 
2,468 
3,319 

1,106 
1,064 

1,988 
1,815 

Morris  

4  28? 

3  934 

3  2°2 

3  587 

8  4S4 

V  Q19 

2  310 

3  008 

696 

Ocean  

1.870 

1.002 

1.292 

791 

l'898        '701 

892 

660 

304 

Passaic  

4  055 

3  406 

2  934 

2  773 

2  814 

9  dm 

1  422 

1  618 

954 

'.  Salem 

2  554 

2  200 

2221 

2  104 

2*226       1*973 

'432 

1  769 

1  516 

Sussex  

2il86 

8'269 

l!o21 

8!l(54 

l'708!      8'087i 

1.601 

3.054 

81 

Somerset  

2.186 

2,535 

1,923!      2,324 

1.959       2,297 

1,295 

1,846 

709 

t  nion  

3,425 

3  734 

2  381  1      2  KM 

2  197       2  Tr.fi 

Warren  

2,627 

4,156 

2,006 

3,700 

2,401 

3,225 

1,596 

2,877 

446 

Total 

80,121 

83001 

60723 

68  020 

58324 

62801 

28338 

46  943 

24  115 

Majority  

2.880 

7,297 

4,477[ 

18,605 

Aggregate  

163,122 

128,743 

121,125 

99,396 

VERMONT. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856.* 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 

±J 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClell'n 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas 
Dem. 

344 

710 
581 
545 
312 
538 
89 
312 
973 
293 
1.348 
1.209 
461 
9!34 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breck., 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buch'n, 
Dem. 

Fillmoro 
Am. 

68 
70 
23 

73 
4 
65 
9 
13 
61 
6 
35 
5 
47 
66 

Addison  
'Bennington  — 
Caledonia  
IChittenden  
Essex  
Franklin  
Grand  Isle  
Lamoille  
Orange 

3.680 
2,592 
3,078 
3,494 
761 
2,869 
371 
1,881 
3,226 
2,840 
5,241 
3,799 
4,311 
6,030 

405 
885 
1.009 
1,208 
283 
1.039 
155 
458 
1,246 
615 
1,169 
1,386 
941  ' 
1,192, 

3.567 

2.333 
2.731 
3.227 
613 
2.089 
370 
1,760 
3.365 
2.703 
4,799 
8,633 
4.183 
6,446 

344 
1.021 

1,115 
923 
385 
1,156 
168 
531 
1,701 
626 
1,247 
1.552 
1,232 
1,320 

2.626 
1,937 
2,139 
2,241 
646 
1.979 
333 
1.280 
2.714 
1,749 
4.178 
2.941 
3.732 
5,315 

47 
94 
189 
69 
10 
227 
41 
37 
212 
120 
116 
43 
473 
291 

17 
12 
20 

25 

1 

20 
6 
8 
38 
6 
23 
4 
17 
26 

3,362 

2,120 
2.540 

2,844 
622 
2,454 
405 
1,607 
3.207 
2.007 
4.798 
3,821 
4.068 
5,706 

334 
785 
1,061 
688 
274 
870 
92 
402 
1,364 
494 
831 
1,359 
742 
1,273 

Orleans  
.Rutland  
Washington  — 
Windham  
Windsor  

Total  
Majority  
Aggregate  

44,173 
32,122 

12,051 
56,224! 

42.419 
29,098 

13,321 
55,740 

33,810 
25,161 

8,649 

1,969 

218 
44,646 

39.561 

28,992 

10,569       545 
50,675 

*  Gerrit  Smith  received  65  votes. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
JERSEY. 


G73 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

I 

Scott,      j    fierce, 
VThig.      j      Dem. 

I 

Hale, 
Free  Soil. 

Tajlor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 

Free  Soil.  ' 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

T  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

349 
926 
3,820 
1,568 
604 
1,371 
6,242 
1,221 
1,596 
2,290 
2.658 
2,495 
1,806 
2,549 
1.102 
1,670 
1,724 
1,177 
1,814 

'  l',574 

751 
1,414 

3,796 
1.696 
352 
1,612 
5,631 
1,083 
1,645 
3,578 
2,569 
2.401 
3,179 
2,800 
567 
1,825 
1,783 
3,184 
1,680 

0 
0 
114 
27 

o 

13 

5 
25 
0 
C 
31 
3 

472 

1,004 
3,898 
1,967 
657 
1,666 
5,997 
1,297 
1,434 
2.191 
2,631 
2,469 
3,119 
2,889 

780 

1,262 
3,014 
1,236 
226 
1,319 
3,824 
882 
760 
3,220 
2,058 
1.807 
3,450 
2,424 

""is 

80 

23 

493 
979 
3,730 
1,448 
780 
1,549 
5,471 
1,411 
1,129 
2,544 
1,883 
2,321 
3,221 
2,903 

848 

1,440 
3,017 
1,208  ; 
314 
1,371 
3,655  i 
902 
703 
3,386 
1,577 
2,023 
3,434 
2,466 

425 
977 
3,417 

846 

1,316 
2,405 

f 

1.716 
3,032 

1,942 
2,103 

696 
1,497 
4,636 
2,388 
732 
1,830 
2,022 
2,014 
2,953 
2,509 

194 

1,190 
2,832: 
1,773 
501  i 
2,733 
1,494 
1,683 
2,880; 
2,150 

489 
1,193 
4,343 
2,377 

234 
993 
3,334 

2,203 

'"i27 

88 

so; 
9: 

261 
129 

91 

2,114 

2,349 

2.002 
2,344 
1,801 

1,719 
2.549 
1,774 

1,749 
1,702 
1,211 

2,028 

1,304 
1,586 
3,413 

1,617 

1201 
28 
46! 
20 

1,602 
1,775 
1,295 
2,139 

i,29i 

1,493 
3,490 

1,978 

1,362 
1,582 
1,171 
1,721 

962| 
1,302 
2,932 
1,345; 

t  
1,334 
910 
1,436 

'  i',036 
2,389 
1,343 

2,759 

10 

1,634 

2,689 

13 

1,645 

2,899 

1,419 

2,466 

1,041 

1,604 

38,556 

44,305 
5,749 

350 
83,211 

40,015 
3,114 

36,901 

849 

77,765 

38,318 
823 

37,495 

75,813 

33,351 
2,317 

31,  034  ( 
64,385; 

26,132 
560 

25,572 
51,704 

!  With  Honmouth. 


t  Not  organized. 


VERMONT. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dein. 

Hale, 

Free  Soil 

Taylor. 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren 

Free  Soil 

!     Clay, 
Whig. 

! 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Bimey, 

Abolition  ' 

Harris 

Whig. 

V  Burcn, 
Dem. 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

2,041 
1.388 
1.673 
1,672 
467 
1,675 
295 
393 
1,799 
1,199 
2,758 
1,402 
2,053 
3,358 

378 
1.150 

1,480 
803 
382 
1,211 
186 
462 
1,555 
859 
938 
1,231 
881 
1,528 

642 
181 
487 
908 
16 
526 
81 
689 
752 
308i 
7731 
1,217 
986' 
1,105 

2,558 
1.559 
1,367 
1,763 
370 
1,456 
311 
239 
1,780 
1,056 
2,911 
1,398 
2.648 
3,656 

319 
1,150 
1,158 
571 
331 
691 
130 
474 
1,414 
562 
744 
1.693 
608 
1,103 

1,035 
616 
888 
1,516 
42 
1,204 
104 
754 
1,808 
536 
1,377 
1,106 
1.443 
1,908 

2,527 
1,656 
1,762 
1,924 
392 
1,872 
339 
485 
2.076 
1.192 
3,584 
1,650 
2,642 
4,669 

772 
1.450 
1,730 
1,444 
331 
1.438 
165 
759 
1,910 
888 
1.578 
2,085 
1,703 
1,843 

312 

168! 
184 
386 
18 
261 

"iii 

412 
245 
333 
301 
385 
538 

2.806 
1,796 
2,025 
2,286 
448 
2,186 
363 
907 
2,874 
1,294 
4,114 
2,057 
3.472 
5,817 

916 

1,423 
1,713 
1,381 
303 
1,191 
162 
888 
2,216 
745 
1,551 
1,984 
1,715 
1,821 

1,684 
1,260 

1,410 
1,360 
164 
944 
239 

939 
1,098 
1,028 
1,062 
193 
970 
149 

2,003 
1,081 
2,769 
1,913 
2,242 
3,886 

i,54i 

873 
1,272 
1,927 

1,46* 
1,450 

22.173 

508 

13,044 

8,621 
43,838 

23.122 

8,785 

10,948 

14,337 
48.407 

26.770 
8,729 

18,041 

3,954 

48.765 

32,445 
14,436 

18,009 
50,454 

20,955 
6,993 

13,982 
34,917 

43 


674 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 


[1869. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Sejmour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClel'n 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Fusion, 
Doug,  etc 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buchan'n 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Bristol 

771 
1,162 

1,532 

'  V,850 
1,678 

341 

576 
597 

'  4,254 

780 

780 

1,365 
1,773 

'  8,i52 
1,622 
657 

449 
815 

844 

'  5,369 
993 
248 

667 

1,246 
1,610 

462 

657 
879 

603 
1,260 
1,258 

337 
566 

750 

218 

15 
659 

Kent  

Newport  
No.  Shoreh'm  Township 
Providence  

7,202 
1,519 

4,875 
834 

6,903 
1,443 

4,432 
595 

331 
452 

Washington  
Soldiers  Vote 

Total  
Majority  
Aggregate  

12,993 
6,445 

6,548 
19,541 

14,349 
5,631 

8,718 
23,067 

12,244 
4,537 

7,707 
19,951 

11,467 

4,787 

6,680 

1,675 
19,822 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClellan 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Fusion, 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
American. 

Adams              .   . 

2,917 

25,487 
4,082 
3,648 
2,687 
7,917 
3,986 
7,768 
7,085 
3,803 
2,985 
508 
2,188 
3,429 
9,178 
1,998 
1,974 
2,056 
2;143 
7,322 
4,171 
6,507 
4,166 
568 
8,007 
3,792 
355 
4,451 
802 
1,809 
3,417 
4,809 
2,147 
1,473 
15,792 
3,789 
4,345 
5,004 
10,723 
4,713 
1,028 
4,979 

3,170 

14,671 
3,412 
2,624 
2,898 
13,973 
3,066 
3,538 
7,613 
3,256 
3,558 
394 
2,745 
3,646 
6,490 
2,928 
3,096 
2,582 
4,022 
5.455 
4,594 
4,397 
2,616 
1,119 
4,555 
4,608 
294 
4,171 
1,107 
3,301 
2,179 
2,223 
2,068 
1,753 
8,513 
1,647 
2,,S58 
6,321 
14,303 
4,8391 
730! 
4,078! 

2,612 

21,519 
3,526 
3,237 
2,336 
6,710 
3,292 
6,865 
6,436 
3,475 
2,244 
325 
1,721 
2,817 
8,446 
1,780 
1,516 
1,666 
1,914 
6,441 
3,604 
5,414 
3,664 
348 
6,911 
3,221 
85 
3,862 
694 
1,688 
3,321 
4.320 
1,820 
1,437 
14,469 
3.408 
3.780 
3,908 
7,645 
3,401 
767 
4,220 

3,016! 
12,414 
3,2111 
2,304! 
2,752 
13.2661 
2,686; 
3,007; 
7,335| 
2,947 
3,036 
232 
2,251  ! 
3,399 
5,987  i 
2,833 
2,801 
2,135; 
3,467 
4,526 
4,354! 
4,220; 
2,145: 
835 
3,722 
4,126 
62 
3,821  1 
906 
3,074; 
2,477- 
2,197; 
1,877 
1,753 
8,448 
1,389 
2,779! 
5.920 
10,045 
4,207 
652 
3,569, 

2,724 

16,725 
3,355 
2,824 
2,505 
6,709 
3,050 
7,091 
6,443 
3,640 
2,277 
* 

2,718 
7,818| 
2,163 
1,683 
2,3341 
9,396 
1,911 
2,219 
5,756 
2,367. 
1,877 

1,120 
13,671 

2,963 
2,658 
306 
1,037 
445 
6,938 
4,682 
3,401 
804 

2,637 
9,062 
2,680 
1,905 
2,458 
11,272 
2,069 
2,314 
6,517 
2,648 
2,987 

1,249 
1,488 
188 
236 
1,936 
3,586 
2,450 
101 
785 
67 
968 

Allegheny  

Armstrong  
Beaver 

Bedford  

Berks            .... 

Blair 

Bradford  

Bucks  
Butler  
Cambria  

Carbon 

1,758 
3,021 
7,771 
1,829 
1,702 
1,736 
1,873 
5,779 
3,593 
4,531 
3,181 
407 
6,160 
3,454 
107 
4,151 
788 
1,614 
3,089 
3,910 
1,704 
1,494 
13,352 
2,937 
3,868 
4,170 
7,300 
3,494 
1,077 
3,855 

1,690 
2,465 
5,473 
2,090 
1,859' 
1,316 
2,466i 
3,045; 
3,356 
2,756 
1,940 
623! 
2,638! 
3,479 
47' 
3,213 
961 
2,708 
1,699 
1,369 
1,145; 
1,211 
6,304 
835J 
2,330 
4,291 
6,803! 
2,680  ! 
698 
2,597  1 

692 
390 
5,308 
788 
718 
618 
1,289 
5,360 
1,472 
1,615 
1,590 
275 
5,156 
2,089 

2,446 
142 
1,321 
926 
3,612 
1,063 
480 
6,608 
3,065 
2,414 
3,237 
4,£50 
934 
812 
3,686 

1,866 
2,895 
6,333 
2,7(50 
1,978 
1,485 
2,889 
3,391 
3,427 
3,094 
2,005 
575 
2,584 
3,554 

465 
1,952 
1,448 
950 
604 
682 
219 
45 
1,579 
2,439 
1,010 
52 
289 
1,174 

Centre  
Chester 

Clarion 

Clearfleld  
Clinton  
Columbia  
Crawford  
Cumberland  
Dauphin  
Delaware  
Elk 

Erie    

Fayette  
Forrest 

Franklin  
Fulton           .... 

3,469 
970 
2,747 
2,164 
1,762 
1,463 
1.365 
8,731 
1,220 
2,511 
4,426 
6,791 
3,324 
526 
2,699 

1,233 
566 
286 
1,645 
263 
615 
747 
4,592 
96 
437 
122 
868 
1,770 
47 
118 

Greene  
Huntingdon  
Indiana  
Jefferson  
Juniata         

Lancaster 

Lawrence  

Lebanon  
Lehi"h 

'Lycoming  
McKean 

Mercer  

*  New  County. 


tNew  County. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 


675 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Ilale, 
Free   Soil. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free   Soil. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Whig.  ' 

Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

YBur«, 
Dem. 

628 
889 
1,249 

367 
748 
1,005 

2 

83 

48 

590 
690 
1,146 
61 
3,542 
750 

131 
318 
205 
27 
2,515 
450 

18 

52 

109 
4 
398 
149 

589 
786 
1,229 

109 
381 
473 

476 
669 
914 

136 

1,372 
417 

215 
321 
568 

189 
426 
505 

3,888 
1,022 

5,529 
1,086 

431 

80 

3,751 
967 

3,192 
712 

2,482 
737 

711 
665 

1,196 
410 

1,347 
597 

7,626 

8.735 
1,109 

644 

17,005 

6.779 
3,133 

3,646 

730 
11,155 

7,322 
2,455 

4,867 
12,189 

5,278 
1,977 

3,301 

8,579 

2,710 

2,964 
254 
5,674 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Fierce, 

D«m. 

Hale, 
Free  Soil. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 

Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

2.725 
9,615 
2,093 
1,805 
2.273 
4,913 
2,590 
3,526 
4,938 
2,8,33 
1,461 

2,018 
7,226 
2,430 
1,943 
2,319 
9,503 
1,931 
3,930 
5,766 
2,533 
2,035 

31 

965 
142 
361 
0 
5 
5 
281 
58 
166 
15 

2,576 
10,112 
2,030 
2,655 
2,836 
5,082 
2,476 
3,272 
5,140 
2,505 
1,233 

1,762 
6,591 
2,126 
2,303 
2,816 
9,484 
1,435 
1,889 
5,364 
2,247 
1,386 

25 
779 
141 
530 
1 
51 
4 
1,780 
163 
173 
12 

2,609 
8,083 
1,453 
2,792 
3,147 
4,000 

1,891 

5,7431 
1,963 
2,172 
2,989 
8,674 

2,453 
7,619 
1,260 
3,143 
2,910 
3,582 

1,628 
4,573 
1,744 
1,710 
2,446 
7,425 

1,520      1,186 
3,623  !     3,074 
1,014      1,528 
2,077:     1,075 
1,980     1,587 
1,584     4,967 

3,235 
4,862 
2,247 
996 

3,568 
5,251 
2,112 
1,123 

2,631 
4,705 
2,100 
811 

2.844 
4,488! 
1,804' 
920 

1,521 
;    3,259 
1,166 
554 

1,462 

3,081 
1,008 
450 

749 
1,916 
5,700 
1,218 
997 
996 
1,165 
2.775 
2^78 
3,673 
2,083 
163 
4,015 
3,030 

1,311 
2,993 
5,520 
2,643 
1,733 
1,318 
2,102 
3,427 
3,188 
2,675 
1,737 
423 
2.738 
3,867 

0 
0 

338 
28 
24 
2 
0 
996 
0 
29j 
107 
14 
611 
0 

889 
1,856 
5,949 
1,372 
761 
911 
2,263 
2,204 
3,242 
3,705 
2,194 
134 
3,418 
3,045 

1,181 
2,611 
5,360 
2,306 
1,16S 
967 
3,396 
2,748 
3,178 
2.254 
1,547 
242 
2,022 
3,441 

1 
4 
507 
37 
23 
1 
29 
621 
25 
34 
84 
16 
357 
73 

531 
1,860 
6,070 
814 
544 
788 
1,738 
2,636 
3,092 
3,285 
2,090 
101 
3,621 
2,804 

905 
2,425 
5,550 
1,883 
874 
875 
3,370 
3,334 
3,155 
2,401 
1,466 
128 
2,226 
3,4-29 

1,448 
5,613 
648 
499 
638 
1,325 
2,469 
2,791 
3,124 
2,031 

2.242 
4,882 
1,360! 
812; 
649 
2.829, 
2.9081 
8,695 
2,187 
1,335 

924 
3,981 

1,809 
3,277 

284 

'"Hi 

1,232 
1,896 

1,993 
1,224 

499 

"l',560 
1614 
1,904 
1,372 
1,030 

3.636 
2,755 

2,061 
3,035 

2,134      1,312 
1,669,     2,016 

3,904 
729 
1.559 
2,511 
2.3S7 
1,115 
559 
11,636 
1,984 
3,105 
2,993 
3,339 
2,085 
405 
2,211 

3,353 
831 
2,602 
2,041 
1,827 
1,484 
823 
6,578 
1,064 
2,118 
3,493 
5,340 
2,790 
597 
2,693 

3 
1 
30 
2 
279 
22 
0 
53 
514 
1 
2 
79 
5 
78 
769 

4,006 
* 

3,199 

4 

3,901 

3,298 

3,586 

2,892 

2,575 

2,155 

1,476 
2.590 
2,410 
887 
850 
11,390 
f 

2,379 
1.922 
1,544 
992 
856 
6,080 

52 
25 
204 
19 
1 
163 

1,418 
4,086 
2,200 
591 
1,089 
10,295 

2,354 
2,575 
1,448 
731 
1,262 
5,943 

•1,350 
3.826 
1,953 
476 
966 
9,678 

2,010 
2.266 
1,209 
592 
1,043 
5,470 

915 

2.628 
1,169 
229 
596 
6,250 

i,is8 

1,340 
692 
244 
627 
4,144 

2.996 
2,978 
3,516 
1,992 
367 
2,977 

1,862 
3,199 
3,991 
2,244 
418 
3,094 

2 
3 
176 
9 
22 
1.080 

2,636 
2,553 
2,699 
2,012 
340 
2,840 

1,791 
2,811 
3,950 
2,62!) 
419 
2,869 

2,370 
2.405 
2,776 
1,504 
263 
3,247 

1,402 
2,450 
4,119, 
2,  18l| 
276< 
2,336! 

1,487 
1,784 
1,415 
938 
85 
1.991 

1,168 
1,987 
2,008 
1,705 
150 
1,253 

*  With  Bedford.  t  With  Beaver  and  Mercer.  $  With  Bedford  and  Huntingdon. 

11  With  Bedford.  §  Not  organized.  ^  Not  organized. 


676 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
PENNSYLVANIA. — Continued. 


COUNTIES. 

1868.                 1864. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour,  ,  :    Lincoln, 
Dem.              Kep. 

McClcllan 
Den,      | 

Lincoln, 
Eep. 

Fusion, 
Dem. 

Rep. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

Fillmorc, 
American. 

Mifflin  

1.846 

812 
8,083 
1,269 

4,791 

G,CWO 

2.0(54 
60,985 

370 
1  703 

1,807 
2,915 
8,803 
1,097 
7,702 
4,240- 
2,410 
55,173 
1,313 
693 
9,428 
1,318: 
1,778 
851 
3,392 
l,95l! 
1,277 
3,774 
1,757 
4,867: 
3,539 
6.360 
1,766 
9,094 

1,643 

6S5 
6,872 
1,130 
3,720 
2,915 
!      2,406 
55,797 
260 
1,390 
7,851 
1,679 
2,788 
369 
4,203 
4,673 
1,945 
3,849 
2,541 
4,951 
2,274 
4,650 
1,337 
5,568 

1,718 
2,098 
7,943 
1,496 
6,944 
3,608' 
2,446| 
44,032; 
1,180 
680 
9,540 
1,368 
1,719 
660 
2,959! 
1,584 
1,352 
3,341 
1,505 
4,579 
3,989' 
5,977; 
1,402 
8,500 

1,701 
844 
6,838 
1,043 
3,339 
2  422 
2,372 
39,223 
381 
1,545 
7,568 
1,078 
3.218 
429 
4,470 
4,754 
1,824 
2,080 
2,284 
4,724 
2,857 
4,887 
1,286 
5,128 

1,308 

1,553 

6,789 
1,101 
4.883 
2^475' 
1.789! 
38.024 
'832; 
521  1 
5,529, 
975 
1,186 
498 
2,550 
1,297 
843 
1,944! 
1,091 
4,074! 
2,020  ; 
4,622 
1,245 
6,633 

216 

560 
2,845 
660 
1,168 
566 
521 
7,993 
270 
1,204 
2,188 
443 
1,458 
309 
3.801 
4,541 
1,429 
2.041 
2,091 
4,237 
2,172 
4,091 
1,138 
511 

1,491 
2,275 
7,134 
1,271 
5,200 
3,059 
2,135 
38,222 
8C2 
667 
7,035 
1,255 
1,763 
538 
2,548 
1,386 
1,092 
2,157 
1,231 
4,288 
2,259 
5,172 
1,171 
6,876 

1,050 

69 

2,205 
149 
1,838 
1,340 
1,407 
24,084 
15 
6 
2,682 
1,06-1 
1,405 
48 
51 
27 
186 
72 
49 
265 
113 
299 
74 
4,301 

Monroe  
Montgomery  
Montour          .... 

Northampton  .... 
Northumberland  . 
Perry  
Philadelphia  
Pike    

Potter 

Schuylkill 

8,707 
1,925 
8,361 

473 
4,882 
5,549 
2,081 
4,759 
3,020 
5,051 
2,909 
5,285 
1,623 
6,449 

Snydcr  

Somerset 

Sullivan  

•tusquehanna  

Tio<ra 

Union  

VenanGro  

Warren  
Washington  
Wayne  
Westmoreland  .  .  . 
Wyoming  .  .  . 

York                 .   . 

Total 

342,280 
28,898 

313,382 
655,662 

296,391 
20,075 

276,316 

572,707 

268,030 
59,618 

208,412 
476,442 

147,510 

230,710 

83,200 

82,175 
460,395 

Majority  
Aggregate  

MASSACHUSETTS. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClel. 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Am. 

283 
238 
640 
58 
3,187 
135 
296 
182 
4,850 
76 
2,987 
1.809 
5,640 
1,890 

22,331 

Breck. 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buch'n, 
Dem. 

Fillmore 
Am. 

Barnstable  
Berkshire  
Bristol  

3,381 

5,492 
10,124 
436 
20.006 
4,580 
6.760 
5,268 
24,689 
471 
10,128 
7.905 
17,379 
19,858 

647 

3,782 
2,724 
108j 
7.659' 
916; 
3.7021 
818; 
12,452| 
46' 
4,727 
2,701  < 
12,943 
6,183, 

3,994 
5,314 
9,736 
475 
17,237 
4,376 
6,356 
5.036 
22,318 
48(5 
11,040 
7,610 
14,092 
18,072 

701 

3,363 
2,173 
138 
5,691 

1,289 
2,894 
866 
9,597 
38 
5,502 
2,512 
8,307 
5,615 

48,745 

2,371 

5,202 
7.980 
'338 
14,832 
3,994 
5,184 
4,597 
17,806 
420 
8,860 
6,703 
10,974 
17,272 

ias 

2,865 
1,713 
116 
3,778 
917 
1,993 
608 
7,069 
31 
3,589 
1,426 
4,891 
5,243 

366 
199 
321  ! 
64i 
829  ! 
331| 
592 
230 
921 
9 
438; 
293 
964 
382 

5,939 

2,667 

5,344 

8,845 
317 
15,8,85 
4,445 
5,533 
5,166 
17,222 
583 
8,402 
7,228 
8,582 
17,971 

703 

2,749 
2,405 
161 
4,577 
1,200 
2,730 
832 
7,705 
120 
3,097 
1,772 
5,853 
4,604 

300 

377 
936 
122 
2,612 
260 
631 
277 
4,095 
73 
2,070 
1,496 
4,048 
1,129 

Dukes 

Essex 

Franklin  
Hampden  
Hampshire  
Middlesex  
Nantucket  
Norfolk  
Plymouth  
Suffolk 

Worcester  

Total  
Majority  
Aggregate  .  .  . 

136,477 
77,069 

59,408 
195,511  j 

126,742 

77,997 
175,487 

106,5,33 
72,161 
169,175 

34,372 

108,190 
68,950 
167,056 

39,240 

19,626 

1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

PENNSYLVANIA. — Continued. 


677 


1852. 

1848.                      1844.* 

1840.t 

1836." 

Scott, 
Wing. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Hale, 
Free   Soil. 

Taylor, 

Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren.j 
Free  Soil. 

Clay, 
Whlgi 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

1,392 

418 
4,791 
860 
2,978 
1,619 
1,413 
24,568 
202 
263 
4,128 
£ 

1,620 

2,098 
5,767 
1,455 
4,403 
2,451 
2,159 
2(5,022 
834 
661 
4,758 

0 
0 

160 
Oj 
16 
4 
Oi 
626 
0 
325 
10 

1,543 
518 
5,040 

3,191 
1,765 
1,562 
31,229 
216 
226 
4,808 

1,586 

1,830 
5,627 

1 

«] 

1,518 
414 
4,491 

1,519 

1.806 
5,596 

1,226 
345 
4,068 

1,269 
1,447 
4,869 

748 
166 
2,409 

917 
796 
3,446 

4,203 
2,258 
2,295 

21,508 
799 
468 
3,490 

1 

877 
8 
248 
35 

2,776 
1,547 
1,370 
23,289 
151 
240 
2,571 

3,870 
2.446; 
2,3-21 
18,851 
769 
554 
3,404 

2,846 
i     1,351 
1,072 
17,844 
135 
180 
1,881 

3,833 

2,187 
1.970 
18.077 
524 
363 
2,184 

1,426 
712 
372 
12,283 
42 
60 
687 

2,378 
1,421 
1,011 
10,985 
358 
1G2 
1,380 

2,98(5 
177 
2,035 
1,564 
3,081 
1,164 
1,138 
3,810 
1,232 
3,203 
807 
4,700 

1,203 
426 
3.046 
2.614 
1,994 
1,899 
1,433 
4,0(>4 
2,362 
5,509 
1,258 
5,585 

28 
59 
2151 
79 
0 
204 
243 
370 
21 
119 
19 
11 

3,018 
129 
1,853 
1,264 
3,129 
1,061 
948 
3,898 
997 
3,124 
861 

4,ass 

1,127 
<303 
2.563 
1,344 
1,656 
1,538 
1.088 
3,820 
1,642 
5,197 
892 
5,151 

21 

19: 

soil 

1,039' 
25 
164 
136 
468 
202 
122 
37 
4 

2,660 

i',802 
1,159 

2,788 
906 
899 
3,872 
899 
2.672 
'814 
4,237 

1,035 

'  2,697 
2.193 
1,765 
1,377 
1,149 
3,973 
1,657 
4,978 
899 
5,071 

2,501 

'  i',560 
895 
2,423 
855 
827 
4,149 
675 
2,778 

765 

'  2,022 
1,721 
1,518 
1,276 
929 
3,611] 
1,188 
4,704 

1,905 

'"856 
400 
1,328 
600 
254 
2,805 
340 
1,725 

511 

'i',145 
1,027 
1143 
967 
498 
2,445 
724 
2,878 

3,792 

4,382 

2,005 

2,756 

179,174 

198,568 
19,394 

8,525 
386.267 

185,730 
13,544 

172,186 

11,177 
369,093 

161,203 

167,535 
6,332 

328.738 

144,021 
349 

143,672 
287,693 

i  87,111 

91,475 
4,364 

178,586 

*Bimey  received  3,138  votes. 
%  New  County. 


I  With  Columbia. 


•ney  recei 
i  With  Ly 


coining. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


1852. 

1848.* 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 

Pierce, 

Hale, 

Taylor, 

Cass, 

V  Buren, 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Bimey, 

Harrison, 

V  Buren, 

Webster, 

V  Buren, 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Free  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Free  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Abolit'n. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

1,379 

892 

473 

2,015 

802 

516 

2,290 

1,415 

251 

2,751 

1,554 

1,187 

882 

3,579 

2.973 

631 

3,549 

2,387 

1,549 

3,656 

3,885 

401 

3,931 

3,780 

2,764 

2,838 

3,827 

3,267 

2,091 

4,840 

2.170 

2,832 

4,872 

4,903 

644 

4,855 

4,904 

1,732 

2,568 

250 

225 

48 

290 

133 

81 

302 

255 

24: 

346 

294 

171 

138 

6.539 

4,576 

3,485 

8,555 

4,678 

5.020 

8,518 

5,259 

1,887: 

10,056 

6,513 

6,294 

5,261 

2,552 

1,726 

1,218 

2,133 

1,542 

1,645 

2.725 

2,047 

423 

3,461 

2,137 

2,405 

1,051 

3.445 

3,458 

757 

3,306 

3,061 

1,284 

3,416 

3,593 

451 

3,441 

3,312 

2,262 

2.370 

3,300 

1,425 

1,243 

3,055 

1,070 

1,806, 

3.725 

1,605 

626 

4.083 

1,625 

2,561 

1,106 

8,750 

8,925 

5.231 

9,&54 

6,820 

5,9(54' 

9.581 

9,124 

1,718 

9,716 

8,626 

5,009 

5,753 

329 

189 

189 

444 

89 

159 

633 

237 

41 

671 

320 

283 

92 

3,589 

3,454 

2,479 

4,739 

2,451 

3,538 

5,217 

4,287 

888' 

5,404 

4,2.38 

2,177 

2,350 

2.993 

2.080 

2,440 

3,568 

1,847 

3,189, 

4,449 

3.315 

305 

5,065 

3,538 

2,843 

2,6G8 

4.868 

5,413 

1,600 

8,895 

3,173 

2,132 

8,778 

4,659 

509 

7,557 

4,339 

4,842 

2,978 

7,283 

5,966 

7,138 

5,827 

5,058 

8,34§ 

9,359 

7,562 

2,147 

11,537 

6,764 

7,717 

4,419 

52,683 

44,569 

28,023 

61,070 

35,281 

28,058 

67.418 

52,846 

10,860 

72.874 

51,944 

42,247 

34,474 

25,789 

14,572 

i 

20,930 

' 

7,773 

125,275 

124,409 

129,124 

124,818; 

76,721 

*  1,670  votes  were  cast  for  the  Webster  ticket,  and  184  for  the  Native  American  ticket. 


678 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

KEW  YOBK. 


[1869 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

1852. 

Grant. 
E.p. 

Seymour. 
Dem. 

Lincoln. 
Rep. 

McCl'an. 
Dem. 

Lincoln. 
Bep. 

Douglas, 
Fus'n,  io 

Fremont. 
Bep. 

Bucha'n. 
Dem. 

Fillmore. 

Am. 

Scott. 
Whig. 

Albany  
Allegany  

12,137 

6,555 
5,727 
6,153 
8,261 
9,387 
3,709 
5,875 
4,213 
5,354 
4,082 
5,621 
8,201 
15,822 
3,606 
3,403 
3,662 
4,254 
3,447 

5,346 

8,421 
27,707 
3,412 
4,823 
6,266 
11.682 
3,H81 
47,738 
5,118 
12,593 
12,320 
5,782 
8,129 
3,904 
9,563 
6,568 
1,557 
4,973 
10,551 
2,221 
1,866 
11,888 
6,436 
2.473 
3,284 
2,771 
2,807 
8,647 
4,589 
3,287 
4,323 
4,646 
8,044 
2,711 
6,M2 
6,322 
9,641 
4,226 
3,136 

419,883 

14,080 

2,823 
3,885 
3,868 
?880 
4,441 
3,707 
4,093 
3,709 
5,661 
2,109 
4,288 
7,490 
14,454 
2,150 
2,264 
3150 
2,847 
3,954 

4,109 
5,883 
39,838 
3,238 
3,465! 
3,968 
10,019 
3,810 
108,31  6  1 
4,695 
11,276 
9,023 
4,168 
7,879 
2,446 

6,ios; 

6,075 
1,728 
6,388 
10,  381  ! 
3,019 
2,762 
3,941 
5,266; 
2,333| 
4,736! 
2,040: 
3,287 
6,461 
4,185: 
3,662' 
3,191  ! 
3,100 
8,524 
2,239 
4,063 
4,405 
11,667 
2,591 
1,750 

10,206 

6,240 
5,003 
6,606 

7,534 
8,700 
3,292 
5,552 
3,471 
4,876 
3,9843 
5,297 
7,201 
13,061 
3,224 
2,839 
2,972 
4,030 
3,087 

5',OS7 
8,592 
20,838 
3,078 
4,580 
6,182 
10,203 
3,519 
36,681 
4,839 
12,048 
10,996 
5,409 
6,784 
3,755 
8,793 
6,151 
1,443 
4,284 
9.159 
1,564 
1,445 
10,864 
5,909 
,2,263 
2,870 
2,576 
2,680 
8,099 
4,305 
2,960 
3,780 
4,518 
6,900 
2,399 
6,221 
6,122 
7,607 
4,123 
3,036 

12,934' 
2,561  ! 

3,139; 
3,575 

4,408 
3,992 
3,109 
4,033 
3,546 
5,240 
2,063 
4.249 
6,643 
13,370 
2,164 
1,837 
2,887 
2,772 
3,897 

4',207 
5,842 
25,726 
2,911 
3,553 
3,748 
9,107 
3,908 
73,709 
4,287 
10,916 
8,713 
3,989 
6,633 
2,458 
6,238 
6,047 
1,618 
5,400 
9,377 
2,874 
2,287 
4,048 
4,715 
2,309 
4,801 
1,893 
3,267 
5,813 
4,027 
3,548 
3,018 
2,996 
7,766 
2,169 
3,642 
4,392 
9,355 
2,568 
1,693 

9,835 

6,443 
4,554 
5.955 
7,922 
8,481 
2,949 
5,685 
3,961 
5,108 
3,893 
5,001 
6,763 
12,430 
3,454 
3,103 
3,111 
4,464 
3,137 

5',302 
8,796 
15,883 
3,257 
5,178 
6,289 
10,808 
3,528 
33,290 
4,992 
12,508 
11,243 
5,764 
5,898 
3,859 
9,076 
6,543 
1,243 
3,749 
8,464 
1,408 
1,410 
11,324 
5,900 
2,154 
3,279 
2,551 
3,025 
8,250 
3,756 
2,944 
3,760 
4,348 
6,775 
2,719 
6,173 
6,668 
6,771 
4,498 
3,014 

11,145 

2,530 
2,876 
3,409 
3,954 
3,673 
2,478 
3,686 
3,270 
4,722 
1,712 
3,212 
6,071 
10,885 
1,793 
2,402 
2,897 
2,456 
3,534 

3',362 
5,531 
20,588 
2,274 
3,261 
3,216 
7,291 
3,253 
62,25)3 
3.741 
9,011 
7,222 
3,634 
6,011 
2,246 
5,414 
5,061 
1.325 
4,392 
8,421 
2,370 
2,369 
4,007 
4,552 
1,994 
4,213 
1,708 
2,990 
5,023 
3,519 
3,170 
2,743 
3,026 
6,252 
1,970 
3,482 
3,938 
8,081 
2,390 
1,466 

312,510 
675,156 

5,016 

6,545 
4,297 
5,166 
7,035 
7,037 
2,664 
5,458 
2,659 
3,818 
3,596 
4,367 
5,512 
6,901 
2,904 
1,469 
2,593 
3,620 
2,164 
149 
5,074 
8,249 
7,846 
3,124 
3,597 
6,312 
7,584 
3,076 
t!7,771 
3,906 
11,172 
10,071 
4,551 
4,274 
3,088 
8,246 
6,373 
963 
1,886 
5,153 
736 
668 
9,698 
4,524 
1,714 
2,376 
2,542 
2,163 
7.270 
2,393 
1,690 
3,331 
4,019 
2,932 
2,202 
5,174 
5,776 
4,450 
4,066 
2,994 

276,007 
80,129 

7,751 
1,640 
2,106 
1,773 
1,818 
1,847 
1,789 
2,406 
2,134 
3,020 
1,181 
2,107 
4,039 
7,536 
1,173 
1,600 
1,374 
1,434 
2,346 
250 
1,650 
3,496 
14,174 
1,114 
1,652 
1,861 
4,683 
1,485 
41,913 
1,864 
6,386 
4,227 
1,642 
3,948 
1,052 
3.683 
3,595 
1,096 
2,394 
4,415 
1,550 
1,526 
1,950 
2,446 
787 
2,837 
981 
1,625 
3,217 
2,045 
1,583 
2,154 
1,4:30 
4,030 
1,006 
1,632 
1.999 
4,600 
1,911 
915 

5,301 
856 
791 
978 
1,923 
2,017 
766 
1,070 
1,311 
1,981 
628 
2,009 
2,013 
5,520 
956 
1,145 
1,034 
1,100 
1,533 
117 
1,230 
1,058 
8,647 
418 
1,979 
865 
3,070 
1,713 
19,922 
1,985 
1,601 
1,724 
8,189 
2,172 
1,412 
1,175 
1,229 
479 
2,521 
4,548 
946 
937 
1,332 
2,581 
1,213 
1,B30 
461 
1,265 
2,OM 
1,980 
2,037 
4.35 
1,470 
4,703 
735 
1,848 
1,448 
3,641 
571 
351 

7,246 
3.670 
2,674 
3.687 
4,8:38 
5,612 
2,326 
3,880 
2,286 
4,142 
2,328 
3,289 
5,495 
8,023 
2,756 
1,747 
2,171 
3,358 
2,803 
126 
2,679 
5,656 
8,487 
1,727 
4,096 
3,379 
7,467 
1     2,995 
23,115 
3,413 
7,831 
6,097 
4,402 
4,221 
2,586 
4,375 
4,454 
826 
2,208 
6,185 
1,147 
738 
4,570 
4,498 
1.654 
2,958 

2',213 
5,236 
1,917 
2,054 
2,234 
3,410 
5,133 
1,174 
4,230 
4,033 
4,033 
3,005 
1,974 

Broome  
Dattaraugus  .... 
Cayuga  
Chautauqua  .... 
Chemung  
Chenango  
Clinton  

Columbia 

Cortland  
Delaware  
Dutchcss 

Erie  

Essex 

Franklin  
Fulton  
Genesee 

Greene  
Hamilton  
Herkimer  
Jefferson  
Kings  . 

Lewis  

Livingston  
Madison 

Monroe  

Montgomery  .  .  . 
New  York  
Niagara  
Oneida  
Onondaga  
Ontario  
Orange  
Orleans  
Oswego  

Otsego  
Putnam 

Queens  
Rensselaer  
Richmond  
Rockland  
St.  Lawrence  .  . 
Saratoga  

Schenectady  .  .  . 
Schoharie  . 

Schuyler 

Seneca  

Steuben  .  . 
Suffolk   
Sullivan  .  . 

Tioga  
Tompkins  
Ulster 

Warren  

Washington  .  .  . 
Wayne  '. 

Westchester  .  .  . 
1  Wyoming  
)Yates..    

Total  

429,883  368,7-35 
10,000  !     6,749 
849,766  1 

361,986 
730,721 

362.646 
50,136 

195,878 

124,604 
596,489 

234,882 

Majority  
Aggregate  

t  The  State  canvassers  put  Fremont's  vote  in  New  York  city  at  16,469,  owing  to  a  blunder  of 
the  county  canvassers,  which  was  subsequently  corrected  but  not  in  time  for  the  report  of  the 
State  canvassers.  *  With  Fulton.  $  New  County. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

NEW  YORK. 


679 


1852. 

1848.* 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Pierce, 

Hale, 

Taylor, 

Cass, 

V.  Buren 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Birney, 

Urrison, 

V.  Buren 

Birney 

Harrison, 

T.  Burom 

Dem. 

Fr.  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Free  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Abolifn 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Abol'n 

Whig. 

Dam. 

8,363 

133 

7,068 

4,002 

2,407 

7,109 

6,916 

124 

6,371 

5,944 

45 

4,261 

4,947 

4,009 

678! 

2,789 

1,283 

2,040 

3,913 

3,640 

435 

4,132 

3,382 

78 

2,696 

2,615 

3,064 

347 

2,490 

1,959 

777 

2,681 

2,508 

106 

2,395 

2,131 

21 

1,465 

1,642 

3,493 

561' 

2,604 

1,677 

1,236 

2,743 

2,634 

487 

2,9(56 

2,475 

64 

1,489 

1,888 

4,550 

916 

4,318 

1.034 

3,979 

4,908 

5.202 

376 

5.172 

4,864 

72 

3,724 

4,284 

3,703 

1,146 

4,207 

1,911 

1,628 

5,612 

3,407 

314 

5,985 

3,345 

23 

3,895 

3,095 

3,189 

339 

1,943 

728 

2,166 

1,791 

2,592 

106 

1,698 

2,296 

0 

1,000 

1,724 

4,481 

303! 

3,587l     2.616 

1,481 

4,215 

4,495 

243 

4,386 

3,995 

25 

2,734 

3,612 

2,812 

245! 

1,941      1,472 

1,221  | 

1,919      2,218 

410 

2,023 

1,828 

31 

854 

1,331 

4,455 

7 

3,943i     2,121 

2,100j 

4,322      4,691 

11 

4,290 

4,478 

5 

3,051 

3,767 

2,064 

655 

1,879         946 

1,803 

2,378 

2,858 

543 

2,664 

2,229 

43 

2,017 

1,724 

4.052 

339 

2.832!        790 

2,908 

3,071 

4.230 

205 

2,988 

3,847 

42 

800 

2,823 

5,600 

.33 

5.376 

3,227 

1,295! 

5,767 

5,627 

37 

5,355 

5,362 

16 

2,366 

3,973 

7,033 

510 

7,647 

3,360 

2,357 

6,905!     5,050 

415 

6,787 

3,687 

38 

4,882 

2,661 

1,973 

174 

2.629 

1,002 

1,119 

2,612!     1,998 

143 

2,617 

1,789 

1 

1,855 

1,603 

2.074 

130 

1,353 

974 

911 

1,524 

1,501 

93 

1,440 

1,110 

7 

910 

862 

2.070 

115 

1,976 

380 

1,602 

2,107 

2,192 

100 

2,087 

1,867 

29 

3,170 

4,303 

2.166 

313 

2,890 

1,180 

1,111 

3,604 

2,105 

298J 

7,057 

3,809 

155 

5,060 

3,271 

3,242 
342 

16 

o 

2,707 

f 

1,551 

1,425 

2,968 

3,488 

30 

2,991 

3,258 

7 

1,883 

2,976 

4,220 

555 

2,430 

699 

3,893 

2,8(58 

4,346 

608! 

3,ii8 

4,350 

70 

1,184 

3,036 

6,279 

757 

4,841 

2,445 

4,342 

5,576 

6,291 

712 

6,257 

5,630 

59 

3,761 

4,595 

10,621 

66 

7,511 

4,882 

817 

5,107 

4,648 

77 

3,293 

3,157 

24 

1,868 

2,321 

2,535 

303 

1,223 

789 

1,258 

1,640 

2,073 

154 

1,718 

1,755 

37 

411 

1,094 

3,055 

308 

3,730 

889 

2,100 

3,773 

2,709 

210 

3,916 

2,634 

52 

2,643 

1,902 

3,435 

1,584 

2,898 

1,565 

2,739 

3,683 

3,848 

1,311 

4,266 

4,115 

105 

1,703 

2,909 

6,314 

775 

6,539 

1,443 

4,671 

6,873 

5,611 

430 

6,468 

4,835 

77 

4,887 

3,932 

3,373 

40 

2,924 

1,285 

1  60"*' 

2,849 

3.278 

85 

2,828 

3,298 

9 

1 

34,228 

206 

29.057 

18,974 

5'  106 

26.385 

28,296 

117 

20,958 

21,936 

153 

16,348 

17,417 

2,862!  1,056 

2,828 

1,313 

2.080 

3,100 

2,589 

310 

2,964 

2,219 

72 

2,267 

2,143 

8,636 

1.038 

6,032 

3,585 

4.816 

6,983 

7,717 

1,144 

7,156 

7,769 

390 

3,621 

5,477 

6,415 

1,701 

5,442 

2,229 

4,942 

6,495 

6,878 

732 

6,557 

6,561 

240 

2,981 

4,776 

3,347 

547i 

3,848 

1,272 

2,627 

4,568'     3,659 

.      435 

4,828 

3,451 

152 

3,4:35 

2,731 

5.171 

16 

4,172      3,170 

1,434 

4,626!     5,303 

37 

4,371 

4,845 

3 

2,242 

3,541 

2^67 

605 

2,402 

918 

1,722 

2,600      2,311 

276 

2,606 

2,031 

77i 

1,859 

1,825 

4,973 

2,148 

3,655 

1,134 

4,254 

3,7711     4,382 

851 

4,192 

3,907 

166 

1,946 

3,105 

5,486 

643 

3,929 

3,674 

1,941 

4,743!     6,050 

413 

4,856 

5,580 

60 

2,469 

4,627 

1,521           0 

816 

996 

415 

979      1.731 

0 

920      1,583 

0 

236 

817 

2,899         12, 

2,444 

1,310 

800 

2,547      2,751 

0 

2,522|     2,550 

2 

1,399 

1,654 

6,563 

218 

6,241 

2,685 

2,930 

6,360      5,618 

181 

5,752 

5,424 

32 

4,634 

4,981 

1,324 

30 

1,099 

860 

123 

1,049      1,063 

1 

903 

861 

0 

649 

649 

1,785 

0 

918 

1,064 

255 

794      1,679 

1 

637 

1,657 

0 

371 

1,044 

5,583 

1,386 

3.667 

613 

6,023 

4,672      6,008 

468 

4,803 

4,751 

41 

2,235 

3,089 

4,291 

71 

4,438 

2,515 

1,405 

4,550 

4,200 

119 

4,416 

3,873 

16 

3,013 

3,339 

1,900 

0 

1,716 

1,0(59 

444 

1,814 

1,679 

31 

1,752 

1,579 

5 

1,149 

1,480 

3,846 

18! 

2,724 

2,671 

654 

2,986 

3,523 

111 

2,692 

3,137 

26 

1,422 

2,437 

2,511 

200 

1,767 

1,350 

1,523! 

2,327 

2,569 

124 

2,466 

2,472 

14 

1,501 

2,036 

6,880 

345, 

4,357 

1,975 

3,623 

4,385 

5,512 

243 

4,081 

4,820 

42 

2,384 

3,650 

3.306 

0 

2,180 

1,051 

1,400 

2,487 

3,375 

14 

2,415 

3,482 

0 

1,037 

2,071 

2,681 

44 

1,672 

1,363 

534 

1,739 

1,964 

30 

1,475 

1,679 

9 

833 

1,227 

2,815 

197 

1,782 

1,683 

789! 

1,999 

2,545 

90 

1,925 

2,180 

5 

1,258 

1,625 

3,472 

862 

3,003 

1,270 

2,648| 

3,845 

4,013 

322 

3,969 

3,558 

32 

2,78(5 

2,935 

5,91(5 

26! 

4,659 

1,970 

2,277i 

4,804 

4,783 

12 

4,492 

4.280 

2 

2,167 

3,658 

1,713 

119' 

1,270 

1,019 

618 

1,880 

1,791 

118 

1,306 

1,411 

5 

570 

1,316 

3,174 

451  ! 

4,486 

1,233 

2,024: 

5.024 

3,270 

338 

5,071 

3,024 

29 

3,593 

2,592 

4,050 

941 

3,567 

797 

3,690 

3,953 

4,046 

563 

4,309 

3,996 

16 

2,653 

2,968 

5,279 

55 

4,112 

2,146 

1,312! 

4,258 

4,412 

19 

4,083 

4,354 

10 

1,749 

3,009 

2  471 

727  ; 

2,381 

1,337 

1,630' 

2,754 

2,102 

442 

4 

2,153 

324 

1,651 

862 

1,483 

2,056 

2,110 

207 

2,072 

2,087 

44 

1,472 

1,686 

262.083 

25,329! 

218,603 

114,318 

120,510 

232,482 

237.58815,812 

225,817  !  212,527 

2,798 

138,543 

166,815 

27,2011            ||  98,093 

5,106 

13,2901 

28,273 

522,294|            II 

453,431' 

485.882 

1441,142 

I 

305,358 

*  Gerrit  Smith  polled  2,545  votes, 
t  With  Fulton. 


$  New  County  from  Genesee. 
|  With  Fulton. 


680 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

VIRGINIA.* 


Accomac  . 


2  Albemarle 

3  Alexandria 

4  Alleghany 

5  Amelia 

6 ;  Amherst 

7 '  Appomattox 

SJAugusta 

9  i  Harbour . .  

lO.Bath 

lljBedforcl 

!2iBerkeley 

13  Boone 

l4<Botetourt 

15'Braxton 

lejBrooke  

17  Brims  wick 

18  Buckingham 

19  Buchanan 

20  Cabell 

2i;Calhoun 

22  Campbell 

23  Caroline 

24!Carroll 

25  Charles  City 

2«i  Charlotte 

27  Chesterfield 

28;Clarke 

29!  Clay 

SOjCraig 

31  Culpepper 

32,Cumberland 

33>Dinwiddie 

34!Doddridge 

35iElizabeth  City 

36|Essex 

37  Fairfax 

38  Fauquier 

39  Fayette 

40JFloyd 

41jFluvanna 

42|Franklin 

43lFrederick 

44  Giles 

45jGilmer 

46 1  Gloucester 

47  Goochland 

48  Grayson  

49  Greenbriar 

50,Greene 

51!Greensville 

52jHalifax 

63iHampBhire 

54  Hanover 

55  Hancock 

56  Hardy 

57iHarrison 

58'Henrico 

59|Henry 

60  Highland 

61 1  Isle  of  Wight 

62 1  Jackson 

63 1  James  City 

64lJefferson 

65;Kanawha 


1868.* 


Seyi 


1860. 


Lincoln, 
Rep. 


Hi 


178 


Si.') ! 


Bell,  Breck., 

Union.  Dem. 


736 

1,317 
1,012 

250 
282 
622 
221 

2,553 
422 
220 

1,4(58 
913 
121 
590 
274 
173 
308 
544 
14 
316 
19 

1,521 
561 
315 
224 
418 
788 
288 
119 
112 
526 
278 
389 
143 
248 
279 
691 
789 


384 
487 
863 
963 
866 
117 
301 
244 
315 
993 
74 
139 
563 
878 
575 
33 
894 
931 

1,403 
543 
215 
147 
388 
148 
959 

1,176 


737 
1,05(5 
565 
344 
249 
808 
563 
218 
910 
163 
1,037 
830 
204 
589 
227 
450 
444 
523 
134 
1(51 
285 
1,208 
772 
729 
111 
465 
328 
335 
85 
322 
525 
276 
254 
356 
164 
308 
685 
1,027 
241 
400 
443 
1,076 
1,315 
244 
268 
460 
428 
44 
505 
521 
151 
1,312 
1,054 
749 
262 
355 
1,191 
641 
444 
170 
757 
500 
60 
458 
513 


Dougla 
Dem, 


80 

97 

141 
37 
32 
2(5 
10 

1,094 
39 
22 
91 

106 
24 

174 
46 
76 

137 
22 
19 

407 
1 

146 

18 

11 

9 

25 

588 
49 


•2 

19 
37 

183 
91 
21 
4 
91 
89 
65 
85 
7 

133 
66 
63 

119 

"37 

"in 
10 

.11 

ins 

75 
27 
85 
74 

107 
189 
59 

255 
1!) 
(11 
5 

440 


1856. 


8,30 
1.026 
946 
183 
150 
449 
152 
1,904 
325 
180 
1,044 
846 
113 
341 
494 
261 
131 
320 

"396 

27 

1,065 
414 
260 
190 
247 
350 
225 


108 
450 
184 
140 
178 
184 
338 
650 
884 
318 
271 
2fiS 
699 
898 
275 
127 
268 
198 
26(5 
792 
57 
54 
329 
747 
315 
190 
842 
840 
755 
391 
237 
142 
488 
122 
845 
1,149 


*  Virginia  did  not  vote  in  1864  and  1868. 


t  New  County. 


$  New  County. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
VIRGINIA. 


C81 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 

Whig. 

Ca3S, 

Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

Harrison,   Van  Buren, 
Whig.     Democrat. 

576 
1,163 
784 
93 
145 
450 
192 
1,664 
324 
157 
1,189 
751 
117 
421 
387 
281 
187 
438 

564! 

1,106 
577  j 
206 
237  ( 
559, 
352 
1,388: 
592; 
179 

965  ; 

924 

212' 
738! 
290, 
460 
462 
530 

544 
838 

539 
104 
163 
416 
190 
1,354 
287 
152 
886 
608 
68 
462 
191 
227 
213 
344 

295 
619 
225i 
149 
198' 
413! 
322 
723 
484f 
124' 
534 
544! 
128 
683 
114 
276 
337 
361 

566 

917 

472 

702 

739 

714 

239 
517 

617 
524 

30 
67(3 

114 
159 

451 

i',398 
221 
196 
941 
663 

'"394 
186 

427 
194 

180 
274 
461 

'"665 
468 
250 
639 
539 

84 
166 
372 

i'ioi 

t  

203 
919 
599 

171 
240 
329 

'"454 

"'2iS; 

558 
372 

30 

as 

246 
'"821 

'"ii4 

511 
380 

153 
180 
255 

302 

'"206 

482 
200 

695 
156 
543 
408 

407 
202 
350 
261 

575 
109 
516 
380 

181 
15 
181 
177 

297 

799 
42 
413 

258 
468 

548 

596 

475 

520 

451 

424 

287 

233 

287 

346 

481 

436 

192 

206 

1,101 
443 
213 
176 
337 
409 
263 

...879 
621 
488 
89 
369 
854 
386 

794 
367 
179 
142 
290 
296 
209 

554 
425 

2671 
68 
303 
505 
201 

833 
476 
121 
202 
337 
3:38 
199 



656 
463 

268J 
43 
346 
604 
220 

718 
399 

*•-» 

318 
298 
174 

487 
467 

"'SO 
327 

580 
191 

478 
219 

'"io3 

245 

243 
102 

477 
317 

'".si 

332 

ar>3 

138 

92 

447 
256 
319 
86 
156 
273 
608 
928 
265 
384 
440 
620 
1,024 
287 
114 
267 
195 
222 
644 
87 
67 
405 
649 
450 
241 
858 
601 
646 
330 
)     170 
171 
J     439 
J      97 
L     958 
i    1,226 

238 
461 
252 
304 
285 
211  1 
233 
606' 
1.045 
243 
301 
378i 
802  i 
1,421' 
350' 
324  i 
372 
396! 
267! 
498 
416i 
168! 
l,096i 
1,1151 
554! 
349' 
532 
992 
548 
332 
431 
645 
459 
45 
898 
776 

# 



354 
235 
282 
28 
133 
186 
4S9 
685 
257 
271 
271 
608 
795 
274 
77 
185 
168 
193 
658 
63 
79 
395 
581 
410 
161 
525 
443 
592 
315 
101 
105 
23fl 
99 
738 
742 

318 
162 
228 
137 
120 
135 
320 
503 
134 
225 
190' 
606 
884! 
342: 
178 
197 
254! 
200 
3031 
270 
130' 
848i 
557 
427| 
216  i 
271  i 
611! 
393 
251! 
288 
393 
233 
37 
594 
272 

396 
274 
270 

298 
'207 
318 

351 
262 
302 

295 

228 
235 

251 

241 
108 

242 

216 
161 

133 
229 
410 
761 
2,9 

123 
186 
391 
607 
...163 

141 
241 
366 
683 
....199 

85 
125 
321 
533 
....188 

79 
130 
2:30 
429 
339 
II  
50 
....  348 
281 
159 

38 
87 
176 
363 
189 

'"366 
....5  JO 
518 
254 

216     297 
305     244 
619     674 

80o!     887 
267     350 

'"233!  ""236 
....165     319 
150     331 
709!     351 
66     300 
83  ..  146 

143 
334 
569 
755 
226 

279' 
153 
515 
743 
293 

247 
120 
455 
568 
62 
....110 

179 
333 
589 
308 
230 
|  150 

177 
67 

59 

371 

8 

126 

282 
377 
212 

ios 

183 
396 
268 

171 
732 
407 
386 

344 
675 
558 

1,041 
694 
482 

422 
729 
450 

964 
605 
462 

5.33 
479 
578 
306 

'"93 

....  247 
103 
725 
983 

272 

760 
405 
258 

'470 
304 
39 
624 
442 

497 
828 
445 
311 

'"89 
258 
141 

667 

827 

230 
1,341 
398 
191 

285 

246 

287 
238 

137 
601 
246 
213 

533 
211 
9 
592 
324 

49     253 

"1»  4 
400     269 
497     228 

*  New  County,    t  New  County.    %  New  County.    II  Informal.    §  With  Orange.    «[  With  Mason. 


682 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
VIRGINIA. — Continued. 


[1869. 


8 

v-                       COUNTIES. 

O 

g 

1868. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Eep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Kep. 

Bell, 

255 
184 
142 
209 
462 
332 
100 
2,0*3 
498 
251 
74 
569 
928 
716 
251 
35 
430 
443 
151 
622 
693 
712 
308 
477 
733 
264 
345 
984 
704 
234 
276 
232 
1,202 
427 
141 
433 
400 
970 
1,702 
140 
163 
678 
225 
562 
451 
374 
343 
243 
332 
400 
230 
259 
491 
2,402 
053 
224 
237 
293 
1,231 
883 
473 
591 
427 
446 
545 

Breck., 
Dem. 

Douglas. 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
American. 

Buch'n, 
Dem. 

66  Kino-  and  Queen  

510 
223 
315 
142 
894 
604 
271 
778 
754 
527 
834 
1,337 
809 
439 
306 
37 
901 
432 
241 
601 
520 
425 
254 
429 
390 
172 
152 
439 
447 
214 
350 
179 
915 
475 
937 
432 
217 
223 
1,057 
166 
3:« 
559 
127 
942 
379 
423 
191 
718 
250 
327 
69 
243 
409 
1,167 
1&5 
544 
264 
373 
3(51 
676 
526 
594 

i,as3 

49(5 
563 

2 

1 

12 
10 
247 
6' 
120 
2 
32 
20 
137! 
108 
297  j 

168 
127 
73 
150 
388 
299 
60 
1,979 
247 
117 
57 
470 
981 
708 
186 
* 

438 

206 
274 
160 
916 
712 
411 
858 
632 
486 
750 
1,632 
931 
561 
270 

67  Kin011  George    

68!Kin»  William 

69  Lancaster  

70  Lee      

71  Lewis 

72  Lo^an  

73  Loudoun     

11 

74  Louisa 

75  Lunenburg  

76  Madison       

77  Marion 

1 

78  Marshall  

79  Mason          

80  Matthews 

81  McDowell  

82  Mecklenburg   

63 
13 

757 
83 
74 
20! 

112 

2! 
48' 
233 
52 
6 
1 
28 
716 
12 
75 
70 
133 
613 
177 
119 
30 
214 
120 
239 
16 
65 
126 
26 
5 
38 
14 
143 

-« 

a 

52 
641 
1,354 
34 
61 
170 
49 
9 

271 
214 
128 
609 
731 
468 
329 
445 
520 
169 
366 
787 
1,008 
335 
249 
140 
1,464 
287 
57 
385 
424 
672 
1,227 
178 
115 
f 

867 
492 
249 
1,447 
747 
653 
319 
416 
418 
193 
298 
644 
1,230 
256 
340 
203 
1,632 
437 
1,034 
594 
500 
836 
1,355 
303 
417 

83  Mercer 

84  Middlesex  

85  Monoiifalia      

86  Monroe 

87  Montgomery  

88  Morgan 

89  Nansemond  

90  Nelson       

91  New  Kent 

92  Nicholas  

93  Norfolk  City             

94  Norfolk  County  

95  Northampton  

96  Northumberland    . 

97  Nottoway  

98  Ohio       

771 

90  Orange 

100  Pa<re  

101  Patrick         

102  Pendleton  

103  Petersburg  

104  Pittsylvama 

105  Pleasant's  

106  Pocahontas  

107  Portsmouth  

4 

108  Powhatan  

92 
719 
393 
214 
74 
233 
200 
391 
228 
218 
351 
1,753 
291 
277 
255 
228 
1,036 
510 
388 
406 
233 
332 
458 

244 
1,232 
397 
429 
306 
709 
331 
396 
141 
441 
492 
1,474 
225 
506 
212 
503 
1,124 
2,733 
755 
810 
2,339 
572 
570 

109  Preston  

110 

110  Princess  Anne  

Ill  Prince  Edward  

112  Prince  George  
113  Prince  William  

'"55 

114  Pulaski  

115  Putnam       

116  Raleitrh  

117  Randolph  

118  Rappahannock  
119  Richmond  City  

120  Richmond  County  

121  Ritchie               

12 

122  Roane  

123  Roanoke  

124  Rockbridge  

125  Rockingham  

126  Russell                 

127  Scott  

128  Shenandoah  

13 

129  Smyth 

130  Southampton  

*  New  County. 


tNew  County. 


1869.] 


RESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

VIRGINIA. — Continued. 


683 


8 

=3 

o 

fc 

tit; 

67 
OS 
(59 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
88 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
itl 
92 
93 
94 
95 
90 
97 
98 
99 
100 

101 
102 
103 
104 
105 

KM; 

107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
ll(i 
117 
118 
119 
I'M 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
121) 
127 
12H 
12! 
130 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

CaBS, 

Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Duron, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 

Democrat. 

169 
132 
99 
136 
403 
224 
173; 
1,813 
356 
159 
107: 
560 
743 
536: 
177 

349 
156 
246 
122 
773 
566 
308 
788 
503 
374 
646 
1,197 
721 
476 
256 

224 
149 
93 
137 
324 
331 
99 
1,453 
307 
169 
69 
324 
558 
349 
136 

258 
112; 
234 
107 
521 
522 
117 
420 
444; 
272, 
486  i 
669! 
527 
274 
189 

250 
165 
109 
139 
237 
329 
123 
1,505 
364 
196 
65 
286 
524 
415 
172 

328  1 

117 
337  ; 
99 
578! 
684 
177 
474 
535] 
333 
512! 
677 
554 
363 
2221 

282 

its 

115 
170 
275 
386 
136 
1,269 
375 
228 
53 
* 

305 
129| 
306 

87 
489 
616! 
189 
381 
475! 
302 
532 

199 
148 
61 
93 
62 
144 
57 
9:35 
116 
132 
32 

275 

42 
185 
76 
330 
243 
157 
254 
458 
202 
307 

458 
405 
180 

462 

304 
220 

229 
317 
61 

297 
322 
131 

304 
268 
95 
688 
497 
501 
270 
500 
591 
174 
252 
767 
921 
298 
208 
122 
1,452 
290 
110 
489 
375 
515 
8(54 
152 
116 

680; 
289 
1571 
1,308 
499 
490 
259 
462 
444 
148 
167 
792 
l,224i 
144, 
279 
185 
1,186 
343 
870 
399 
881 
759 

877: 

237 
240 

342 

194 
116 
434 
488 
340 
188 
311 
394 
167 
213 
652 
629 
170 
161 
117 
977 
29(5 
69 
387 
285 
392 
834 
# 

497 
184 
125 
809 
469  1 
306 
201 
280 
229; 
101 
90 
448 
650 
95 
234 
143 
478 
281 
595 
272 
309 
333 
589 

276 
173 
131 
393 
425 
364 
183 
361 
443 
198 
170 
634 
627 
240 
185 
187 
897 
239 
50 
369 
409 
376 
838 

618 
177 
118 
780 
460 
345 
216 
244 
291 
177 
127 
403 
591 

lie; 

•276 
182 
402 
288' 
628 
386: 
552 
336 
6,35 

319 
146 
101 
681 
408 
338 
179 
383 
404 
198 
173 
529 
561 
334 
183 
132 
922 
881 
45 
342 
389 
245 
876 

561 
124 
123 

1,236 
420' 
261  i 
145! 
259! 
237 
156 
120 
298 
478 
24 
3001 
190 
287  < 
235 
528! 
274! 
468 
262' 
616  i 

206 

f 

420 

62 

309 
223 
163 
46 
185 
118 
108 
t 

96 

681 
358 
389 
100 
76 
219 
57 

234 
320 
284 
77 
70 
536 
217 
18 
177 
217 
183 
641 

98 
163 
6 
185 
174 
239 
386 
247 
294 
382 
125 
529 

106 

212 

81 

227 

107 

210 

28 

85 

122 

647 
409 
227 
91 
190 
174 
348 
128 
301 
331 
1,854 
834 
188 

243 
923  i 
342 
302 
282 
534 
223 
370 
63 
337 
436 
1,012 
181 
381 

154 
460 
373 
211 
127 
207 
131 
192 
* 

202 
527 
299! 
253! 
215 
412 
141 
183 

215 

382 
329 
264 
139 
159 
166 

210 
504| 
251 
377 
226 
457, 
174 

'"i76 

402 
268 
124 
167 
142 

'"216 
2741 
3(51 
237 
393 
161 

161 
156 
195 
216 

71 
96 

176 
300 
56 
273 
154 
232 

201 
304 
1,0(54 
182 
124 

213 
239 
345 

148' 
339 

207 
359 
847 
502 
104 

i99 
314 
282 
154 
254 

450 
318 
580 
177 

^ 

321 
300 
176 
151 

293 
171 
455 
115 

160 
196 
138 
108 

208     384 
1,031!   1,084 
575;   2,473 
301!    275 
354!    577 
291  1   2,094 
4341    479 
498  !    456 

183 
6(55 
395 
482 
296 
176 
326 
338 

249 
501 
1,655 
316 
452 
1,404 
309 
307 

177 
697 
290 
414 
276 
170 
275 
325 

279 
543 
1,716 
416 
531 
1,372 
371 
390 

159 
635 
256 
264 
284 
102 
259 
378 

255 
528 
1,444 
293 
441 
1,218 
305 
372 

§ 

408 
129 
9 
10 
52 
76 
185 

379 
792 
385 
316 
7.35 
229 
192 

1  New  Counties.  t  Formed  from  Giles. 

8  With  Montgomery. 


%  With  Fayette. 
§  From  Botetourt. 


684 


1HE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

VIRGINIA. — Continued. 


[1869. 


i 

"3 
£ 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Dem. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
American. 

Buch'n, 
Dem. 

181 
i:« 
188 
181 
185 

i:;<; 
187 
18S 
18!» 
110 
111 
142 
118 
141 
115 
llli 
147 
14S 
11!! 
150 
151 
15-2 
158 

Spottsylvania  

599 
404 
197 
177 
647 
30(5 
22 
315 
331 
276 
72 
916 
326 
66 
438 
90 
49 
150 
102 
832 
60 
617 
227 

74,681 
358 

516 

402 
115 
294 
575 
934 
99 
423 
589 
462 
31 
1,178 
166 
52 
160 
607 
43 
255 
363 
832 
29 
795 
90 

257 

165 
55 
9(5 
26 

"'23 
197 
54 
54 

'"56 
82' 
5 
4 
153 
24 
16 
8 
56 
9 
22 
3 

448 

'262 
102 
88 
432 
119 
1(5 
329 
295 
145 
51 
644 
296 
* 

622 

539 
230 
367 
616 
1,140 
137 
556 
334 
568 
18 
1,115 
362 

Stafford 

Sussex 

Taylor 

Tazewell         

Tucker 

Tyler 

Upshur                    ! 

Warren 

Washington               .    . 

Wavne 

Webster 

Westmoreland                  .  ' 

439 
80 
56 
191 
42 
753 
81 
531 
194 

131 
704 
57 
322 
18 
875 
116 
887 
114 

Wetzel 

Winsburg  

Wirt 

. 

Wise  

Wood             1    . 

81 

Wyoming  .  . 

Wythe 

York 



Total.   . 

tl,929 

74,323 

16,290 
167,223 

60,310 

89.706 
29,396 
150,016 

Majority 

Aggregate  

t  Total  correct ;  details  incomplete. 

MARYLAND. 


'New  County. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClell'n 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breck., 
Dem. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

'  Fillmore, 

Buchan'n 
Dem. 

Alleghany  
Anne  Arundel.  . 
Baltimore  City.. 
Baltimore  Co.  .  . 
Calvert  
Caroline  
Carroll  
Cecil  
Charles 

2,428 
244 
9.103 
2,3:35 
67 
474 
2,300 
1,715 
35 
476 
3.8li9 
1,175 
490 
2(56 
399 
164 
275 
39 
421 
.357 
3,056 
229 
421 

2,721 

1.670 
21,702 
4.377 
626 

9.)7 

2,607 

2,481: 

1,124; 
1,415 
3,813 
2,313 
1.012 
i;382 
1,745 
1.664 
1.528 
1,182 
989 
1.252 
3,114 
1,319 
1,464 

2,455 
416 
14,978 
2,402 
62 
728 
2.05(5 
1,757 
27 
626 
3,553 
1.259 
579 
413 
496 
197 
384 
99 
644 
578 
2,980 
664 

1,990 

1.574 
2,953 
2,391 
669 
270 
1,885 
1,520 
961 
1.361 
2,302 
1,650 
778 
1.269 
1.542 
1.550 
1,482 
986 
2,110 
267 
1,402 
1,506 

522 

3 

1,083 
37 
1 
12 
59 
158 
6 

a5 

103 
81 
1 
42 
50 
1 
0 
1 
2 
2 
95 
0 

1,521 
1,041 
12,604 
3.388 
399 
712 
2,295 
1,792 
430 
1,265 
3,616 
1.862 
830 
852 
1,155 
'885 
908 
261 
1,536 
793 
2,567 
1,048 

979 

1.017 
14,956 
3.305 
386 
616 
1.791 
1,506 
723 
1,176 
3,167 
1,527 
530 
694 
1,125 
1,048 
879 
920 
1,339 
898 
2,475 
1,425 

1,203 
98 

1.503 
449 
43 
100 
339 
303 
38 
31 
445 
82 
189  1 
74' 
99 
43 
87 
190 
89 
88 
283 
90 

1,938 
1.043 
16,900 
3,504 
401 
638 
2.346 
1,884 
461 
1.292 
3,724 
2,074 
899 
&33 
1,208 
881 
904 
247 
1,593 
749 
2,717 
1,224 

2,248 

927 
9,882 
3,155 
356 
743 
2,099 
1,845 
758 
979 
3,304 
1.405 
633 
550 
1,126 
983 
741 
1.052 
1,321 
910 
2,670 
1,428 

Dorchester  
Frederick  
Harford  

Howard  
Kent 

Montgomery  .  .  . 
Prince  George's 
Queen  Anne  s  .  . 
St.  Mary's  
Somerset  
Talbot 

Washington  
Worcester  
Wicomico  
Soldiers  Vote  .  .  . 

2,800 

321 

Total  
Majority  
Aggregate  

30,438 

62.357 
31,919 
92.795 

40,153 
7,414 

32,739 
72,892 

2,294 

41,760 

42,482 

'722 

5,966     47,4(50 
8,345 
92,502'  1 

39,115 

86.575 

I860.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

VIRGINIA. — Continued. 


685 


6 
o 

o 

!_ 

131 

13-,' 
1*J 
i:M 
13.1 
i:;r, 
131 
IMS 
IW 
140 
141 
142 

i  4:5 

114 
145 

lie, 

147 

US 

149 
150 
151 
152 

15:) 

1852. 

1848. 

1844.                      184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk,        :      Harrison, 
Democrat.           Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat.  ! 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

440 
2(59 
147 
107 
351 
243 

565 

447 
201 

883 
612 

413 
230 
94 
82 
266 
215 

405 
255' 

158: 

273; 
247> 
548 

438 
233 
118 
124 

'"ioo 

4-12 

346: 

168: 

825 

'627 

358 
2(55 
95 

109 

868 

295' 
195! 
347 

207 
148 

41 

46 

282 

178 
108 
213 

113 
"'325 

486 

2 

259 

340 
324 
169 
66 
715 
225 

380 
439 
520 
14 
924 
206 

324 
* 

290 

441 

511| 

438 

'"396 
3 

625! 

143 

'  '  '56 
41 
70 

223 

"'iij3 

5 

60S 

122 
62 

485 
105 

285 
15 
679  1 
110 

iati 

371 
190 

321 

24  : 
723| 

184 

110 
92 
364 

J.    . 

280 
102 
'   37 
222 

83 

488 
68 
288 

249 
89 

47 
122 

60 
318 
34 
130 

305 

67; 

286 

si 

150 

52 

66 

50; 

83 

7 

68 

4 

645 
42 
333 
129 

607 
29 
615 
90 

430 
t  

325 

533 

330 

'"553, 
109 

513 

""879 

192 

392 

315 

249 

347 
118 

336 

86 

309 
113 

4741 
12 

112 

57 

369 
3 

58,572 

73,858 
15,286 
132,430 

45,439 

46,963 
1,524 
92,402 

43,677 

49,570  i 
5,893s 
93,2471 

42,501 

43,893' 
1,392 
86,394 

23,368 

30,261 
6,893 
53,629 

*  New  County. 


tNew  County. 

MARYLAND. 


i  New  County. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Scott, 

Pierce, 

Taylor, 

Cass, 

V  Buren, 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Harrison, 

V  Buren,  ! 

Harrison, 

V  Buren, 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Free  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

1,454 

1,976 

1,579 

1,620 

3 

1,424 

1,491 

1,460:      1,216 

1.082 

834 

834 

889 

1,693 

1,486 

5 

l,777l       1,503 

1,415       1.261 

1,092 

882 

9.558 

14,035 

10,474 

10,995 

72 

8,413 

8,88(5 

7,296 

7  3*6 

5,630 

5,740 

1,946 

3,001 

2,527 

2,669 

7 

2,301 

2,716 

1,941 

2;<i20 

2,069 

2,482 

353 

352 

431 

3.35 

0 

451 

344 

494 

325! 

363 

284 

555 

500 

492 

580 

0 

680 

552 

687 

535 

576 

492 

1,702 

1,920 

1,763 

1,672 

7! 

1,784 

1,694 

1,554 

1,610 

t  

1,494 

1,550 

1,504 

1,444 

4! 

1,527 

1,504; 

1,448 

1,314 

1,020 

l',092 

657 

411 

769 

398 

0 

785 

519: 

841 

502 

514 

256 

1.239 

933 

1,367 

820 

0 

1,377 

903 

1,381 

839| 

966 

694 

3,204 

3,342 

3,158 

2,983 

20; 

3.190 

2,994 

2,958 

2,623 

3,130 

3,015 

1,858 

1,378 

1,521 

1,253 

3 

1,517 

1,247 

1,342 

1,248; 

1,080 

920 

570 

625 

* 

1 

662 

551 

645 

447 

3 

728 

527:           679 

476! 

589 

367 

1,061 

842 

1,057 

771 

1 

1,124 

85-2 

1.099 

665 

946 

515 

915 

724 

1,051 

733 

1 

1,054 

66C), 

1,017 

609 

728 

450 

723 

7:35 

725 

612 

0 

749 

778 

661 

637 

517 

681 

440 

788 

422 

o! 

1,449 

902: 

895 

415 

643 

190 

1,443 

1,115 

1,413 

1,005 

i 

783 

468! 

1,516 

844' 

1,030 

523 

740 

796 

706 

719 

i 

795 

712; 

749 

682 

65(5 

479 

2,669 

2,723 

2.688 

2,434 

1! 

2,6.33 

2,565 

2,484 

2,290 

2,079 

1,995 

1,253 

1,182 

1,351 

1,130 

0 

1,453 

909 

1,494 

691 

1,032 

1,541 



35,066 

40,020 

37,702 

34,528 

129 

a5,984 

32,676 

33,528 

28,752' 

25.852 

22,268 

4,954 

3,174 

3,308 

4,776 

3,584 

75,086 

72,359 

68,660 

62,280; 

48,120 

1  New  County. 


tNot  formed. 


686 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

NORTH  CAROLINA.* 


5  Ashe 

Beaufort 


10  Burke 


11 


12  Cftbamu 

13  Caldwell 

14  Camden 

15  Carteret 

16  Caswcll 

17  Catawba 

18  Chatlmm 

19  Cherokee 

20  Chowan 

21  Cleveland 

22  Columbus 

23  Craven  . . 


Cumberland 


Alamance 

Allegheny 

Alexander 

Anson . . . 


Bertie 

Bladen  .... 
Brunswick 


Buncombe 


24 

25  Currituck 
Davidson 

27  Davie 

28  Duplin  . 

29  Edgecomb 

Forsyth 


Franklin 


32  Gaston 

.33  Gates 

34  Granville 

.35  Greene 

36  Guilford 

37  Halifax 

38  Harnett 

39  Hay  wood .... 

40  Henderson  . . 


Hertford 
Hyde . . 
Iredell 
Jackson  . 


45  Johnson. 

46  Jones 


Lenoir  . 
Lincoln 


49  Macon 


Madison 

Martin 

McDowell 

Mecklenburg 

Montgomery 

Moore 

Nash 

New  Hanover  . . . 


58  Northampton . . . 

59  Onslow 

60  Orange 


Pasquptank 

Pcrquimans 

Person 

Pitt  . . 


1868. 


Republican. 


1,102 

245 
351 

1,002 
620 

1,318 

1,517 

1,372 
878 
927 

1,085 
828 
383 
474 
889 

1,416 
407 

1,838 
883 
692 
677 
434 

3,389 

1,757 
431 

1,679 
522 
901 

2,337 

1,102 

1,429 
800 
448 

2,512 
782 

1,739 

3,080 
690 
403 
571 
795 
667 
841 
244 

1,345  i 
592 ' 

1,192 
641 
315 
528 
943 
676 

1.702 
718 

1.067 
740 

3,568 

1.889 
408 

1,810 
898 
863 
881 

1,775 


8.7. 


1,055 
2841 
5161 

1,050 
624 

1,227 
753 

1,079 
698 
744 

1,090 

1,062; 
617 
514 
905| 

1,429 

1,057 

1,151 
256 
467 
930 
823 

1,461 

1,284 
883 
821 
723 

1,488 

1,158 
314! 

1,226 
604j 
650! 

1,846: 
598 

1,479, 

1,814 
691 
408 
290j 
581 
808 

1,518 
500! 
957| 
441! 
838 
593  i 
502 
305 
921 
503 

1,916 
220 
735 

1,018 

2,231 
803 
726 

1,834 
511 
529 
814; 

1,247 


I860. 


Bell, 

Union. 


§- 


661 


471 
871 
717 
1,082 
597 


44 
705 
810 
449 
503 
441 
237 
302 
970 
& 

239 
196 
322 
693 
670 
66 

1,186 
641 
149 
196 
965 
318 
131 
394 
868 
326 

1,838 
546 
138 
248 
496 
418 
459 

1,025 
142 
630 
165 
317 
2-13 


333 
349 
826 
725 
588 
64 
664 
506 
153 
956 
477 
341 

4as 

710 


Breckinridge 


536 


245 

2-2!) 
549 


326 
470 
(562 
445 
229 

a3 

370 
994 
878 
604 
459 
194 
1,091 
723 
492 
879 
595 
728 
329 
1,380 
1,789 
825 
759 
826 
338 
870 
381 
304 
757 
542 
367 
425 
246 
395 
328 
403 
974 
197 
533 
473 
221 


751 

276 

1,101 

102 

299 

1,323 

1,617 

654 

781 

787 

239 

234 

420 

731 


DouglM, 


2 
7 
1 

4-2 

17 

.... 

4 

4!) 
18 

9 

8 
42 
18 

8 

194 
15 
88 

"  (i 
122 
35 

"is 

31 
3 
17 
70 
14 
56 
12 
83 

'iis 

2:> 
78 
18 

4 
20 

8 
31 

"46 

in 

21 
5 
18 


1 

135, 

8 

1749! 


1856. 


4.V2 


322 

723 
617 
796 
511 
367 
384 
311 
731 
594 
374 
474 
389 
212 
168 
787 
522 
212 
71 
212 
475 
76 
128 
964 
477 
117 
151 
772 
255 
53 
305 
756 
218 
1,515 
509 


§- 


191 
406 
375 
398 
1,241 

65 
619 
157 
264 
226 
308 
182 
311 
274 
573 
54(5 
s89 

61 

577 

466 
145 
747 
532 
346 
273 
570 


•North  Carolina  did  not  vote  in  1864. 


t  Thrown  out. 


§New  County. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 


687 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 

Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

CBM, 

Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

White, 

Whig. 

ran  Buren, 
Democrat. 

219 
992 
558 
910 
498 
371 
352 
761 
557 
642 
493 
503 
414 
226 

98 
369 
396 
574 
444 
582 
301 
389 
376 
371 
146 
107 
388 
931 

'  i',084 
660 
923 
524 
280 
319 
1,210 
996 
756 
503 
493 
474 
293 

'"359 

358! 
463 
302 
3  ill 
237 
286 
4:M 
377 
96 
70 
317 
1,087 

""299 

343 
180 
442 
263 
88 
889 
350 
231 

1,012 
522 
932 
475 
280 
351 
1,284 
961 
718 
598 
556 
434 
283 

4si 

477 

527; 
439; 
486' 
283! 
228! 
412 
874 
219 
101  1 
3151 
1,182 


1,194 
578 
761 
496 
346 
350 
1,623 
1,436 
891 

395 
460 
309 
385 

414 
230^ 
309' 
450! 
354 

689 
297 
616 
312 
195 
123 
744 
724 
440 

612 
454 
276 

ioo 

189- 
1,169, 

157 
123 

7 

88 
152 
1,055 

i,66s 
5:34 

225 
211 
178 
583 
811 
134 
1,019 
414 
186 
89 

'"363 

'"363 
991 
325 
1,552 
497 

'  '  '314 
493 

290 
335 
909 

725 

290 
219 
494 
357 
694 
1,488 
490 
497 
259 
930 
1,454 

"704 

1,033 
549 
2<)5 
314 
169 
698 
812 
193 
1,087 
448 
318 
143 

519 

175 
171 
421 
274! 
616! 
1,191 
466 
520j 
251  1 
939 
1,3% 

1,136 
390 
305 
366 
1:35 
654 
703 
157 
1,091 
529 
223 
126 

729! 
225 
166 
6241 
363i 
628! 
1,101  ! 
551| 

610; 

282i 
936 
l,503j 

1,124 
414 
330 

568 
113 

158 

718 
"263 

599 
'"140 

204 
666 
612 
142 
1,441 
687 
253 
135 

315 
540 
950 
468| 
390 
225 
807 
1,374 

112 

187 
418 
33 
593 

'"» 

90 

159 
323 
667 
424 
108 

'"682 
1,175 

341 

658 

336 

'"760 

374 

689 

283 

584 

363 
945 
326 
345 
424 

379 
959 
318 
1,714 
582 

289 
8311 
237; 
373 
446. 

355 
936 
302 
2,1:34 
592 

355 
942 
276 
515 

456| 

378 
933 
297 
2,300 
604 

328 
778 
215 
414 
356 

103 
664 
143 
788 
495 

281 
494 
.        178 
335 
330 

302 
210 
23fi 
227 

280 

418 
541 
316 
495 
1,137 

2i3 
116 
144; 
236 
211 

342 
555 
309 
318 
1,582 

•"267! 
141 
253 
164 
&30! 

431 

|| 

221 

136 

205 

396 
431 
1,780 

199 
89 
328 

253 

169 

772 

214 
74 
337 

1           708 
191 
282 
1            621 
>            309 
I 

870 
201 
397 
1,418 
240 

646 
242 

282 
828 
427 
t  
361 
559 
775 
583 
588 
113 
464 
493 
211 
1,667 
57C 
434 
34f 
636 

746 
136 
334 
1,593 
207 

""545 
161 
945 
82 
406 
798 
1,255 
488 
686 
1,585 
244 
253 
518 
479 

595 

203 
225 
790 
374 

650 
142! 
356 
1,736 

224 

597 
243 

549 
132 

306 
155 
172 
591 
182 

448 
90 
281 
1,386 
288 

1,000 
433 

1,958 
168 

289 
>       *  
1            680 
I            620 
>            546 
(              88 
r            383 
}            455 
)            175 
)         1,441 
L            53S 
I            324 
J            26? 
1            67S 

.    567 

'  V,ii5 

132 

484 
1,030 
1        1,400 
530 
597 
1,307 
316 
270 
471 
602 

310 

\ 

580 

291 

596 

179 

559 

909 
658 
540 
74 
382 
519 
194 
1,686 
663 
440 
275 
634 

1,201 
1391 
500 
894 
1,122 
364 
717 
1,589 
232 
223 
649 
476 

1,000 
1,136 
529 
78 
293 
550 
143 
1,639 
693 
596 
214 
627 

1,246 
105 
495 
797 
1,042 
383 
690 
1,448 
149 
134 
597 
391 

712 
644 
181 
95 
150 
359 
140 
905 
200 
166 
160 
377 

985 
106 
493 
481 
735 
1&3 
446 
1,103 
155 
50 
507 
368 

*With  Burke. 


t  New  County. 
§FromMacon. 


JWith  Burke. 

^  New  County. 


11  New  County. 


688 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. — Continued. 


[1869. 


COUXTIE9. 

1868. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breckinridge 
Democrat. 

Douglai. 
Democrat. 

FiUmore, 
American. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

Polk                   

399 
1,514 
1,195 
1,015 
1,412 
1,166 
1,332 

93 

633 
6621 

1,252 
1,143| 

1,618' 
467  1 
1,108 
549 
447 
596 
392 
719J 
2,343 
944 
304 
.350 
1,229 
537 
883 
726 
450 

118 

1,224 
544 
648 
485 
1,023 
495 
529 
934 
432 
502 
300 
379 
1,130 
138 
322 
413 
239 
1,323 
* 

"842 
275 

270 

321 
269 
720 
1,017 
1,026 
695 
979 
53 
745 
811 
77 
858 
1,216 
890 
147 
159 
1,359 
363 

'  '  '495 

500 

1 

44 
4 
134 
162 
13 
3 
6 
9. 

'"» 
22 
5 
276 
6 

'"44 

11 

124 
1,025 
500 
566 
,359 
865 
412 
358 
731 
331 
302 
277 
230 
789 
78 
308 
364 
208 
992 

'"694 
208 

156 
336 
176 
073 
1,001 
77) 
576 
927 
108 
658 
706 
92 
655 
1,472 
841 
148 
236 
1,172 
380 

'  '  '483 
016 

|  Randolph 

Richmond  

RoBcson         

Rockinoliam 

Rowan  
Ruthei'ford          

Sampson 

1,018 
398 
758 
830 
237 
758 
3,332 
2,219 
309 
796 
1,475 
1,429 
909 
768 
292 

Stanley  
Stokes                

Surrey 

Tyrrel  
Union 

Wake  

Warren        

Watauga 

Wa^hiri°'ton 

Wayne         

Wilkes 

Wilson  
Ya-dkin 

t... 
23 
4 

Yancey 

Total... 

Majority 

92,241 
18,641 

73,600 
J  165,841 

44,900 

48,539 
3,639 

2,700 
96,139 

36,886 

48,246 
11,360 

85.132 

Aggregate  

*  With  Edgecomb.  t  New  County. 

J  Including  Clay,  Mitchell  and  Transylvania  (new  Counties),  1,397  votes. 

GEORGIA.* 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breckinridge 
Democrat. 

Douglas, 
Democrat. 

Fillmore, 
American. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

Appling  
(Baker            .     .  .         ... 

'"m 

1,056 
246 
19 
2,918 
158 
302 

336 
724 
719 
352 
614 
2,194 
1,303 
221 
425 
931 
606 
548 
112 
6631 
1,120 
1,473 
447 
156 
4,643 
533 
534 
814 
1,197 
502 
403 
311 
1,034 

112 
114 
397 
93 
219 
880 
281 
75 
7 
211 
269 
98 
35 
412 
508 
613 
338 
141 
568 
220 
430 
446 
695 
246 
312 
115 
583 

287 

259 
440 
466 
316 
809 
&36 
173 
567 
4(>8 
309 
230 
207 
7.85 
1,294 
1,052 
382 
43 
1,812 
303 
287 
854 
451 
286 
197 
106 
1,377 

l' 

21 
95 

'? 

313  1 
4 
1 
1 
255! 
27 
6 

'"iii 

29: 
836 

7^! 
320| 
19 
152 
«4 
57 
12 
103' 
6! 
54 

96 
175 
200 

"'TO 
774 

""94 
34 
183 
283 
56 
28 
448 
455 
751 
346 
38 
971 
231 
380 
566 
003 
188 

'"i37 

7(54 

268 
453 
300 

'"226 
959 

'"i.is 

460 
940 
387 
251 
186 
754 
1,176 
1,205 
365 
129 
1,445 
320 
506 
1,146 
487 
279 

'"iii 

1,251 

Baldwin 

Banks  

Berrien  

Bibb 

Brooks  

Bryan  
Bullock 

Burke  
Butt-* 

1,632 
247 
391 
440 
601 
562 
668 
194 
95 
2,316 
3 
147 
339 
1,186 
351 
195 
75 
613 

Calhoun 

Camden       

Campbell 

Cass             

Catoosa 

Charlton  
Chatham  
Chattahoochee  
Chattooga   

Cherokee 

Clarke 

Clay            

Clayton 

j  Clinch  

jCobb  

*  Georgia  did  not  vote  in  1804. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
NORTH  CAROLINA. — Continued. 


C89 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cast, 
Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

Whit., 

Whig. 

Van  Buren. 
Democrat. 

1,036 
678 
660 
342 
836 
761 
604 
714 
1,081 
1,046 
286 

'  i',032 
167 

'"362 
2S6 
1,073 

277 

146 
732 
823 
672 
301 
867 
58 
1,237 
937 
8* 

'  i',357 
691 

'"216 
1,067 
242 

1,196 
699 
633 
380 
859 
958 
612 
725 
1,014 
1,132 
300 
775 
1,028 
156 

""373 

258 
1,060 

225 
71 
545 
766 
560 
126 
741 
14 
912 
852 
96 
945 
1.247 
667 

"'149 
903 
121 

1,171 

802 
559 
430 
833 
1,310 
533 
530 
1,084 
996 
283 

'  i',044 
128 

'"329 
254 
1,208 

312 
117 

599 
1,022 
586 
296 
878 
48 
1,153 
880 
92 

'  l',374 
810 

'"i24 
911 
181 

1,344 

820 
579 
547 
942 
1,802 
553 

269 

102 
506 
905 
502 
540 
741 

349 
438 
293 
223 
1,131 
529 
257 

180 
57 
472 
860 
109 
449 
559 

1,212 
1,191 
380 

1,061 
812 
83 

684 
617 
189 

978 
865 
35 

1,026 
105 

1,149 
754 

665 

86 

813 
662 

432 
306 
1,450 

54 
731 
114 

193 
162 
741 

48 
551 
209 

"236 

""357 

maj.  31 

338 

427 

415 

290 

138 

267 

39,058 

39,744 
686 

78.802 

43,550 
8,681 

34,869 
78,419 

43,232 
3,945 

39,287 
82,519 

46.376 
12,594 

33,782 
80,158 

23,626 

26,910 
3,284 
50,536 

GEORGIA. 


8 
s 

§ 

1852.* 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

White, 

Whig. 

i 
s 

3 

4 
B 
6 

7 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
IS 
19 
•20 
21 
22 
•23 
24 
•25 

•21  ; 

•27 

13 
101 
177 

77 

630 
272 

144 
341 
382 

108 
634 
322 

152 

223 
324 

142 

506 
307 

93 

182 
731 

61 
204 
530 

34 
t  
502 

22 
'"499 

'"sis 

""780 

'705 

'"805 

'"706 

'"862 

'"758 

748 

'"625 

'"654 

60 

'"is 
11 

66 
maj.  287 
177 
434 

123 
43 
598 
269 

60 
377 
215 
420 

103 
17 
556 
244 

72 
410 
411 
435 

80 
25 
593 
185 

22 
384 
203 
339 

29 
217 
136 
259 

45 

'"sie 

210 

31 
158 
185 
263 

""305 

""iii 

81 
139 

211 
338 
850 
654 

"»•••• 

'  i',i75 
'"sie 

660 
226 

ioe 

281 
475 
988 

220 
582 
834 
1,513 

104 
205 
355 
655 

218 
543 
768 
I,lb9 

166 
163 
276 
561 

191 
427 
437 
705 

113 
996 
402 
328 

101 
146 
121 

205 

843 

""462 
660 
624 

741 

817 

835 

590 

647 

527 

351 

""140 
461 

398 
983 
495 

284 
517 
596 

324 
813 
420 

186 
369 
617 

201 
416 
318 

t... 
494 
313 

4 

307 

48 
975 

f 

""197 

'"119 

862 

1,261 

658 

943 

428 

658 

*In  1852  a  Webster  ticket  received  5,324.  and  an  independent  Pierce  ticket  received  5,811  votes. 

tNew  Counties. 
44 


690 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


GEORGIA. — Continued. 


28  Coffee 

29  Columbia 

30:Colquitt 

31  iCovveta 

32  Crawford 

38  Dade 

34  Dawson 

35  Decatur 

36Dekalb 

37iDooly 

38  Dougherty 

39  Early 

40  Echols 

41  lEffingham 

42|Emanuel 

43|Elbert 

44  Fannin 

45  Fayette  

46iFloyd 

47|Franklin 

48!Forsyth 

49|Fulton 

50  Gilmer 

51  Glascock 

52  Glynn 

53  Gordon 

54  Greene 

55  Gwinnett 

56  Habersham 

57iHall 


1868. 


Republican 


Seymour, 


I860. 


1856. 


Bell, 
Union. 


Breckinridge !     Douglas, 
Democrat. 


Fillmore, 
American. 


58 


59  Haralson 
Harris... 


71 


Hancock 


Hart 
Heard 


Henry . . . 
64  Houston 
Irwin  . . . 

66  Jackson . 

67  Jasper  . . 

68  Jeft'erson 

69  Johnson 

70  Jones 


Liberty 

72  Laurens 

73  Lee 

74 

•a 

70 


77  Macon 


Madison 

Marion . . . 


80  Mclntosh . 


Meri  wether 


1 

25 

991 

3 

18 

316 

1,141 

197 

32 

1,607 


Lincoln  

Lowndes 

Lumpkin §. 


33 
116 
29 
34 

421 
286 
591 
107 
305 

2.474 

406 

10 

626 

327 

1,200 
388 
172 
327 
85 
201 
872 
241 
334 
420 

1,079 

"264 
5 

765 
12 

"267 

407 

1,070 

"454 
308 
786 
91 
201 
664 


81 

82  Miller 

aslMilton  

84  Mitchell 

85  Monroe  

86!Montgomery 

87  Morgan 

88  Murray 

89  Muscoggee 

90  Newton 

91  Oglethorpe 

92  Paulding 


68 

112 
972 


1,046 
.338 

1,621 
923 
116 
277 


160 

'l47 

1,329 
541 
310 
274 

1,351 

1,092 
850 

1,857 
548 
171 
346 
460 

1,015 
251 
649 

1,525 
664 
699 

2,812 
444 
334 
210 
894 

1,001 

1,249 
388 
623 
958 
218 

1,214 
504 
647 

1,065 

2,085 
145 

1,055 
873 
922 
232 
423 
288 
711 
447 
824 
733 
493 
804 
398 
835 
143 

1,159 
302 
459 
677 

1,652 
220 
635 
629 

2,153 

1,529 
849 
534 


30 
336 

67 
531 
107 
17 

92 
519 
415 
249 
277 
122 

25 
203 
241 
291 
140 
301 
848 
137 
364 
1,195 
122 

14 

17 
481 
581 
772 
457 
122 
402 

62 
689 
151 
380 
658 
569 

19 
463 


182 
214 
145 
428 
222 
170 
231 
393 
419 
233 
321 

29 
557 

28 
340 
146 
638 
255 
301 
251 
767 
810 
347 


93 

67 
115 
895 
378 
259 
338 
579 
636 
348 
371 
294 

87 
208 
210 
120 
500 
472 
756 
726 
631 
1,018 
710 

51 
177 
874 
114 
642 
188 
710 
128 
256 
392 
482 
439 
523 
555 

74 
675 
251 

67 
117 


128 
240 

36 
314 
319 
271 
375 
321 
175 
014 
231 
417 
323 
46  J 

40 


14 
363 

1 
55 


62. 

1 

64i 
23j 

26j 

1 

-3 
42| 

457  i 

100 
28 

286 

3! 

471 

347i 
33 

125 

1 

97 

151 

234 
72| 
83j 

148 
1 

30 
90 
62 
54J 
311 
21 

108 

174! 

326 
96! 
14 
21  j 
36! 
18j 

105i 


25 

24 

57 

6 

142 
210! 
160 
351 
188 
39! 


16 
342 

75 
584 

228 
155 

'454 
453 
200 
197 
149 

'189 
259 
354 
152 
455 
812 
183 
458 
911 
191 

"91 

593 
576 

749 
256 
451 
427 

66 
753 
152 
418 
759 
576 

30 
453 
382 
376 

'l35 
133 

406 
229 
212 
292 
468 
385 
215 
495 

49 
648 

20 


656 
201 
363 
240 
9.33 
910 
394 
191 


1SC9.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

GEORGIA. — Continued. 


691 


1852. 

1848. 

1844.         184O.        1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk. 
Democrat. 

H   '             ! 

Whig. 

Democrat.  !  Democrat. 

Whig. 

'"iio 
'"215 

161 
65 

'"226 
565 
175 

'"i29 

"  259 

"'650 
367 
126 

519 

'"822 
402 
102 

250 

'"662 
434 
258 

492 

'"777 
377 
46 

307. 

'"644 
454 
247 

470 

"'792 
435 
38 

223 

106 

281 

768 
458 
163 

407 
373 

* 

447 
246 

295 
1.016 

474 

'"374 

493 
799 
349 

""266 

350 

1,097 
571 

"'505 

383 
580 
269 

'"kii 

346  i 
967 
507 

"'4i9J 

432 
665 
226 

""258 

203 

759 
296 

'"293 

146 
467 
162 

'"isi 

254 

387 
116 

"'48 

18 
5 
159 

64 

174 
107 

183 
155 
991 

99 
207 
161 

193 
107 
999 

86 
241 
186 

158 
80 
957 

'"337 
275 
353 

348 

55; 

118 
105 

81 
55 

77 

132 
5 
549 

267 
367 
66 
106 

582 
494 
435 

589 

521 
680 
363 
629 

717 
673 
965 

747 

412 

350 
376 
451 

705 
425 
1,058 
735 

542 
267 
581 
457 

307 
136 

484 
258 

190 
87 
209 
132 

116 

309 

402 

855 

219 

511 

127 

164 

78 

48 

29 
264 
311 
61 
98 
64 

40 
584 
172 
427 
59 
186 

132 
* 

22 

92 

23 

88 

14 

31 

52 

827 
745 
425 
521 
473 

139 
635 

778 
664 
283 

780 
779 
322 
489 
515 

132 

763 
964 
696 
330 

889 
745 
290 
445 

481 

126 
624 
761 
504 
240 

31 
632 
576 
473 
243 

551 
543 
241 
291 
343 

468 

339 

870 

403 

845 

463 

853 

292 

330 

606 

258 
428 
273 
12 
45 
132 
91 

'"l66 
58 
67 
189 
18 
22 
178 
296 
23 
351 
16 
323 

410 
526 
503 
192 
103 
372 
93 

'"346 
133 
63 
223 
155 
290 
235 
386 
69 
425 
90 
634 

415 

939 
697 
86 
561 
409 
607 

473 

824 
674 
355 
688 
512 
111 

293 

858 
659 
21 
492 
438 
679 

436 
819 
723 
223 
664 
536 
108 

315 
931 
667 
59 
572 
495 
458 

352 
793 
572 
121 
542 
495 
89 

244 

392 
450 

77 
484 
406 
119 

204 
584 
560 
4 
297 
596 
526 

404 
171 
567 
323 
238 
507 
652 
388 
336 
510 
117 
717 

415 
132 
25 

181 
120 
397 
1,097 
271 
326 
477 
98 
768 

397 
179 
686 
335 
286 
427 
665 
331 
347 
517 
127 
688 

455 
190 
15 
121 
179 
362 
1,254 
245 
327 
256 
114 
926 

461 
144 
556 
304 
317 
422 
355 
369 
357 
404 
119 
755 

352 

78 
4 
77 
123 
90 
786 
303 
286 
193 
135 
702 

350 
89 
1 
57 
155 
73 
599 
* 

375 
126 
288 
113 
234 
163 
269 

159 
215 
38 
509 

221 
347 
54 
359 

'"379 
14 
189 
237 
651 
336 
60 
44 

631 
.35 

286 
323 
875 
386 
179 
327 

791 
231 

467 
799 

i,aso 

1,045 
636 
352 

664 
24 

300 
1,072 
£56 
502 
193 
420 

798 
238 
442 
303 
1,190 
1,025 
626 
218 

708 
34 
348 
669 
980 
553 
241 
394 

796 
167 
478 
273 
1,044 
988 
654 
227 

675 
8 
280 
452 
811 
351 
127 
207 

568 
11 
171 
128 
325 
337 
76 
* 

710 
67 
341 
23 
711 
636 
286 

*  New  Counties. 


692 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

GEORGIA. — Continued. 


[1869. 


A 

s 

1 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

420 

105 
249 
319 
213 
951 
53 
55 
1 
3,128 
69 
147 
871 
63 
234 
49 
187 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breokinridge 
Democrat. 

Douglas, 
Democrat. 

FUlmore. 
American. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

98 

94 
95 
9(i 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
ll»i 
117 
118 
119 
120 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
12fi 
127 
128 
129 
1311 
131 
132 

Pickens  
Pierce               

200 
240 
1,027 
485 
955 
645 
312 
316 
969 
2,753 
454 
628 
998 
482 
1,245 
963 
519 
752 
918 
291 
987 
1,048 
186 
1,601 
501 
435 
813 
824 
1,082 
172 
881 
1,076 
175 
474 
433 
936 
237 
1,332 
900 
273 

156 
79 

427 
345 
286 
292 
167 
11 
504 
849 
234 
171 
530 
484 
694 
505 
173 
202 
361 
127 
387 
499 
101 
970 
181 
216 
619 
655 
574 
34 
240 
609 
37 
293 
151 
450 
19 
302 
354 
122 

451 
237 
596 
326 
464 
151 
287 
353 
597 
403 
172 
343 
596 
538 
380 
406 
220 
313 
393 
98 
227 
402 
192 
402 
320 
474 
279 
480 
555 
215 
55 
312 
134 
242 
220 
747 
254 
266 
484 
263 

45 
1 
15 
48 
34 
170 
3 
10 
57 
1,052 
65 
27 
24 
18 
131 
89 
9 

4 

6 
69 
34 
44 

48 
6 
11 
49 
320: 
183! 
1 
427 
285 

'"5 

29 
202 
3 
171 
111 
4 

198 

* 

"49i 
371 
240 
294 

4> 

425 

'"630 
259 
417 
353 

Pike 

Polk 

Pulaski                 

Putnam  

Rabun                    

72 
450 
1,143 

"i67 
540 
598 
855 
547 
109 
186 
312 
121 
313 
333 
60 
1,005 
178 
261 
617 
565 
460 
6 
250 
699 
39 
263 
*. 

598 

* 

407 
656 
890 

"286 
545 
558 
701 
442 
238 
191 
429 
110 
233 
463 
265 
412 
287 
454 
305 
824 
684 
125 
589 
564 
131 
213 

'"733 

Randolph  

Richmond  

Spanieling  

Stewart            

Talbot         

Taliaferro              

Tatnall 

Taylor  
Telfair                

345 

Terrell 

362 
1,386 
229 
652 
759 
280 
776 
426 
382 
86 
188 
143 
10 
282 
143 
651 

86 
684 
53 

Thomas  
Towns 

Troup     

Twiggs  

Up*on  
Walker               

Walton 

Ware      

Warren 

Washington  
Wayne       

Webster 

White     

Whitfteld          

Wilcox 

Wilks  

279 
282 
83 

428 
531 
227 

Wilkinson  
Worth  

Total  

Majority 

57,134 

102,822 
45.688 
159,956 

42,886 

51,889 
9,003 

11,590 
106,365 

42,228 

56,578 
14,.350 

98,806 

Aggregate  

*New  Counties. 


ILLINOIS. 


1  Adams 

2  Alexander  . 

3  Bond 

4  Boone  

5!  Brown 

6|Bureau 

7  Calhoun.... 

8  Carroll 

9;Cass 

10;  Champaign 


1868. 


Grant, 
Rep. 


4,774 

639 

1,558 

2,050 

930 

3,844 

393 

2,292 

1,077 

3,250 


5,471 

1,098 
773| 
306; 

1,502! 

2,315 
702! 

680: 

1,403! 
2,1251 


1864. 


Lincoln,  ;McClell 
Rep. 


1860. 


722 
1,154 
1,727 

718 
3,351 

311 
1,903! 

8631 
2,116] 


4,562 
881 ! 
713! 
242 

1,318' 

1,793: 

562 

443| 

1,243  i 

1,133!  I 


Rep. 


3,811 

106 

987 
1,759 

728 
3,622 

269 
1,630 
1,046 
1,793 


4,265 

684 

981  i 

310 

1,202 

1,415! 

668 

461! 

1,301 

1,221 


1856. 


Rep. 


15 

153 
1,748 

169 

2,603 

70 

1,1611 

303 

732  i 


3,311 
401 
607 
243 
903 

1,234 
391 
2371 
914 
550! 


662 
230 
659 

27 
433 

48 
163 
153 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

GEORGIA. — Continued. 


693 


5 

<H 

o 

0 

fc 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Democrat. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Democrat. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

Van  Buren, 
Democrat. 

White, 
Whig. 

93 
91 
95 
W 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 

in:; 
104 
105 
lor, 
107 

los 

109 
110 

111 

112 
113 
114 
115 

IK; 

117 
IIS 
119 
120 
121 
122 
123 
12-1 
125 
120 
127 
12S 
129 
130 
131 
132 

'"659 

184 
119 
33 
229 

'"4 
362 
411 

""8 
356 
326 
325 
430 
19 
121 
105 
47 
* 

'"89 

* 

509 

147 
231 
284 

828 
* 
"326 

399 

892 

«T 

560 

624 

427 

287 

423 
294 

247 
430 

457 
351 

241 

468 

275 
310 

149 
248 

119 
446 

144 
677 
625 

'"iti 

377 
491 
452 
•    441 
76 
55 
264 
88 

55 

780 
908 

""265 

"926 
733 
819 

388 
361 

* 

"160 

207 
724 
595 

""223 

"'686 
587 
738 
55 
44 

'"iso 

34 
606 
903 

'"256 

253 

735  i 

...H 

278 

30 
509 
939 

'"iso 

212 
519 
407 

199 
239 
324 

6 
193 
501 

199 

135 

197 

892 
650 
855 
394 
338 

'"i77 

813 
444 
912 
67 
64 

"'i<J8 

882 
449 
912 
431 
253 

'"263 

639 
176 
807 

47 
28 

'"53 

374 

159 
621 
25 
13 

355 
239 
653 
361 
149 

44 

91 

259 

526 

250 

348 

267 

426 

60 

22 

202 

596 
113 
97 
355 
372 
111 
1 
25 
236 
10 
* 

422 
267 
223 

ass 

786 
399 
36 
306 
451 
65 

1,122 
331 
412 
657 
784 
544 
193 
614 
692 
58 

384 
414 
641 
344 
965 
741 
161 
360 
626 
69 

1,055 
389 
237 
643 
•  447 
555 
187 
641 
629 
138 

487 
467 
554 
384 
686 
763 
125 
368 
595 
95 

1,071 
411 
107 
632 

387 
516 
215 
552 
593 
74 

330 
373 
360 
298 
541 
619 
35 
243 
453 
51 

219 
303 

* 

"297 
159 
538 
* 

945 
295 

'"489 
122 
306 

317 
375 
56 

337 
360 

i 

293 

""i2 
94 

* 

644 

'"i93 
502 

* 

""452 
473 

"'293 
498 

430 
387 

389 
560 

438 
428 

352 
474 

474 
252 

355 
231 

16,660 

34.705 
18,045 
51,365 

47,544 
2,742 

44,802 
92,346 

42,100 

44,177 
2,077 

86,277 

40,261 
8,340 

31,921 

72,182 

22,104 

24,876 
2,772 
46,980 

*  New  Counties. 


ILLINOIS. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

18 

4O. 

18 

36. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Hale, 
Free  Soil. 

Taylor, 

Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Birney. 

Abolit'n 

Har'is'n 
Whig. 

V  Buren 
Dem. 

Har'is'n 
Whig. 

V  Buren 
Dem. 

2,236 
105 
494 
551 
445 

2,635 
296 
485 
525 
661 

107 

'37 

338 

1,992 
101 
391 
414 

408 

2,205 

212 
371 
395 
666 

251 

i 

43: 
415 
20' 

1,2FO 
81 
564 
375 
329 

1,495 
138 
622 
398 
551 

149! 
24 

27 
58 

1,617 

299 
513 
220 
301 

1,352 

424 
551 
222 
434 

380 

20 
173 

651 

106 

108 

712 

670 

430 

376 

306 

566 

362 

378 

160 

434 

279 

211 

335 

215 

257 

3 

247 

268 

213 

183 

499 

784 
347 

351 

830 
259 

72 

426 
761 
213 

222 
724 

187 

116 

...fl] 

221 
176 

178 

178 
92 
191 

10 

244 
397 
154 

69 
315 
141 

"'ei 

'"86 

694 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
ILLINOIS. — Continued. 


[1869. 


COUNTIES. 


11  Christian 

12  Clark 

13  Clay 

14;Clinton 

15  Coles 

16!Cook 

17  j  Crawford 

18 !  Cumberland 

19:DeKalb 

SOlDeWitt 

SllDouglass 

22|Du  Page 

98  Edgar 

24'Edwards 

25iEffingham  


1868. 


Grant, 
Hep. 


Seymour, 
Dem. 


1864. 


Lincoln,   iMcClell'i 
Rep.  Dei 


1860. 


1856. 


Lincoln, 
Rep. 


Douglas, 
Dem. 


Fremont,   Buchan1 
Rep.  Den 


Fillmore. 
Am. 


Fayette 
Ford 
Franklin 
Fulton . 

30  Gallatin . 

31  Greene 

32  Grundy 
Hamilton 

34  Hancock  . . . 

Hardin 

36  Henderson 
37 


Henry 
Iroquois  . 
Jackson.. 
Jasper  . . . 
Jefferson . 


41 
42 
43  Jo  Daviess 


(11 


Jersey. 


Johnson  

Kane 

Kankakee . . . 


47  Kendall 

48  Knox 

49  Lake 

50  La  Salle... 


Lawrence 

Lee 

Livingston 

Logan  

Macon 

Macoupin . . 


51 
Z'2 
5:5 
54 
55 
56 

57  Madison 

58  Marion 

59  Marshall. 

60  Mason 


Massac. 


62  McDonough. 

63  McHenry  . . . 


McLean . 


64 

65  Menard 

66  Mercer 

Monroe 

68  Montgomery . 

69  Morgan  . 

70  Moultrie 


Ogle. 


71 

72  Peoria 

73  Perry 

74  Piatt . 

75  Pike 


2,017 
1,548 
1,394 
1,559 
2,058 
27,527 
1,150 
1,007 
3,441 
1,652 
1,366 
2,369 
2,29S 

888 
1,021 
1,711 

921 
1,021 
3,559 

704 
1,303 
1,963 

809 
3,596 

342 
1.309 
4,483 
2,764 
1,303 

871 
1,116 
1,131 
2.980 
1,234 
5,047 
2,808 
1,955 
5,101 
2.545 
6,231 
1,074 
3,065 
3,448 
2,155 
2,771 
3,153 
4,192 
2,186 
1,934 
1,677 

883 
2,936 
3,298 
5,895 
1,000 
2,078 

966 
2,173 
2,663 

R57 


4,212 

1,581 
1,265 
2,775 


2,285 
1,906 
1,339. 
1,5701 
2,247| 
19,104 
1,477 
1,344 

890 
1,340 
1,132 
1,160 
2,320 

421 
1,690 
2,029 

308 
1,278 
4,118, 
1,025' 
2,569! 

966! 
1,284 
3,687 

450! 
1,030 
1,756; 
1,835 
1,333; 
1,134 
l,930i 
1,998! 
1,892| 

612 
1,653 

807 

535 
2,496  S 
l,090j 
5,439! 
1,175 
1,542! 
2,132 
1,902! 
2,236 
3,431 
3,653 
2,190 
1,532 
1,719 

614 
2,721 
1,380 


1,295 
1,388 
1,345 
2,700 
2,773 
1,146 
1,507 
4,252 
902 
773 
3,319 


1,043 
1,061 

852 

1,110 

2,210 

18,667 

822 

591 
2,985 
1,271 

993 
1,816 
1,683 

636 

635 
1,054 

233 

659 
2,991 

624 

978 
1,461 

382 
2,655 

314 
1,210 
3,553 
1,777 

783 

537 

649 

817 
2,517 
1,230 
4,270 
2,113 
1,765 
4,245 
2,403 
5,174 

735 
2,562 
1,746 
1,727 
1,827 
2,274 
3,156 
1,427 
1,548 
1,155 

948 
2,145 
2,951 
4,001 

854 
1,759 

560 
1,274 
2,292 

549 
3,239 
3,5:36 
1,147 

747 
2,335 


1,606, 
2,237 
1,002! 
1,168 
1,555; 
4,351 
1,371 
1,134 

741 
1,069 

774 

774 
1,858 

330! 
1,223 
1,680! 

258 

876 
3,694 

692 
2,249 

775 
1,145 
2.02'.) 

315! 

877 
1,414 

843 
1,203 

923 
1,487 
1,546 
1,722 

3801 
1;482 

564 

470 
1,864 

873 
4,515 

954 
1,173 
1,100 
1,371 
1,516 
2,935 
3,287 
1,678 
1,403 
1,253 

265 
2,171 
1,188 
2,582 
1,075 
1,100 
1,527 
1,960 
2,354 

829 
1,142 
3,739 

718 

529 
2,857 


968 
1,313 

681 

748 

1,497 

14.589 

921 

629 
3,049 
1,258 

809 
1,790 
1,727 

580 


2:35 

228 

3,629 

221 

979 

1,412 

102 

2,568 

107 

1,253 

3,022 

1,429 

315 

626 

459 

910 

2,782 

40 

4,207 
1,977 
1,811 
3,832 
2,394 
5,342 
764 
2,420 
1,474 
1,729 
1,501 
2,192 
3,161 
858 
1,030 
1,198 
121 
2,255 


3,457 
962 

1.808 
845 

1,099 

2.312 
618 

3,184 

3,539 
649 
782 

2,553 


1,408  I 

1,724 

1,070 

1,294 

1,467 

9,846 

1,384 1 

909 

965 ! 
l,015i 

629; 

803J 
1,923 

370 
1,084 
1,571 

148 
1,391 
3.926 
1,020 
2,173 

710 
1,553 
2,900 

499: 

911 1 
1,532 

955 
1,556 

906j 
1,852 
1,291 
1,841 
1,563! 
1,651 

803 

571 
2,208 

905 
4,290 

970 
1,140 
1,088 
1.521 
1,541 
2,688 
3,100 
1,715 
1,376 
1,224 

873 
2,266 
1,444 
2,567 
1,035! 
1,193 
1,401 1 
1,7431 
2,419| 

707 1 
1,315! 
3,788: 
1,101 

599J 
3,016 


239 

709| 
291 
161 
783 

9,020! 
477 
246 

2,254 
623 


1,387 

952 

176 

90 

68 


2,021 

24 

245 

923 

9 

1,120 
4 

757 

1,924 

750 

14 


387 

2,110 

2 

3,570 
1,386 
1,622 
2,a51 
2,347 
3,721 

1,804 
5851 
655 
500 


1,111 
150 

1,008 

267 

5 


1,937 
109 

1,141 
346 
162 
963 
154 

2,469 

2,082 
200 
85 

1,053 


884 

1,318 

731 

840 
1,178 

5,680, 
961 ! 
641] 
381 
679' 


542 

1,342 

283 

784 
947 


2,724 
764 

1,565 
618 

1,135 

2,011 
332 
610 
876 
460 

1,0515 
679 

1,278 
702 

1,509 

1,144 
912 
258 
334 

1,490 
558 

2,065 
729 
601 
480 
823 
821 

1,778 

1,451 

1,150 
834 
737 
630 

1,370 
945 

1,517 
854 
769 
900 
992 

1,656 
432 
734 

2,459 
671 
310 

2,163 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

ILLINOIS. — Continued. 


695 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Hale, 
t>ee  Soil. 

Taylor. 

Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Birney, 
Abolit'  n 

"'e 
'"7 
"si? 

Har'is'n 
Whig. 

T  Buren 
Dem. 

Har'is'n 
Whig. 

"190 
54 
124 
180 
524 
154 

V  Buren 

Dem. 

"218 
85 
149 
151 
519 
203 

356 
842 
284 
375 
997 
2,089 
571 
293 
456 
516 

426 
966 
530 
670 
733 
3,767 
827 
444 
583 
540 

2 
6 

'"2 

793 
11 

183 
743 

207 
351 
-877 
1,708 
493 
108 
223 
373 

254 

759 
405 
431 
633 
1,622 
507 
102 
374 
363 

'"a1? 

182 
625 
186 
334 
776 
1,117 
425 
191 
142 
317 

216 
756 
448 
327 
582 
2,027 
496 
189 
242 
361 

89 
667 
218 
326 
1,109 
1,034 
421 

147 
611 

338 
417 
695 
1,989 
392 

"i97 
316 

"sis 
720! 
212 
207 
645 

3 
6 
2,120 

'"427 
20 

355 

20 

131 
3 

172 
293 



381 
892 
291 
175 
437 

586 
924 
162 
527 

678 

386 
33 

313 

829 
288 
99 
407 

623 
816 
113 
330 
452 

528 
42 
19 

372 

701 
385 
82 
414 

551 

884 
185 
364 
653 

173 
24 
49 

428 
783 
311 
52 
442 

"260 
143 
1 
80 

"409 
95 
45 
268 

196 
1,843 
324 
-      864 
249 
223 
1,286 
244 
547 
357 
378 
347 
258 
395 
651 
1,481 
135 
i     1,160 
* 
'  515 
1,080 
697 
1,204 
510 
478 
164 
568 
&55 
841 
1,548 
285 
546 
561 
268 
840 
866 
1,256 
644 
575 
294 
1        415 
I     1,397 
292 
899 
1,556 
277 
192 
1,745 

709 
2,192 
592 
1.297 
338 
754 
1,4GB 
212 
414 
475 
482 
531 
461 
865 
564 
1,425 
751 
1,308 

"532 
1,119 
812 
1,894 
589 
573 
214 
489 
486 
1,196 
1,715 
762 
579 
621 
449 

ass 

1,199 
1,058 
698 
498 
1,125 
655 
1,411 
263 
755 
1,805 
564 
161 
1,762 

139 
1,635 
235 
853 
123 
125 
1,087 
234 
408 
138 
268 
177 
154 
280 
530 
1,772 
67 
855 

459 

1,684 
537 
1,128 
207 
478 
1,074 
237 
291 
80 
322 
243 
228 
605 
454 
1,392 
290 
783 

'"37i 
6 
36 
63 

"'67 

"'65 
228 

28 
5 

102 
1,434 
406 
800 
49 
125 
747 
136 
428 
147 
204 
182 
143 
227 
555 
1,514 
32 
748 

634 
1,537 
1,115 
1,246 
91 
573 
1,399 
165 
294 
166 
281 
347 
276 
863 
458 
1,585 
382 
1,046 

'"8 
""7 

'"i 

71 
1,253 
500 
870 

"126 
1,313 
154 

542 

1,347| 
1,286 
1,175 

'  '557 
661 
132 

10 

374 

298 

'"is 

64 
""34 

'"si 

91 
22 

'"89 

122 

'"642 

'"252 
391 
519 
552 

'"77 
12 

'"7 
74 
31 
28 
61 

5 

150 
711 

452 

1,637 

29 
340 

265 
260 

'"96 

164 
7 
17 

'"i 

48 
14 

"299 

162 
154 
210 
•  78 
210 
517 
1,079 
109 
810 

86 
175 
337 

178 
727 
360 
680 
440 
774 

'"22 
84 
12 
227 

t 

93 
134 

'  i',220 

615 
5 

366 
37 

392 
830 
321 
862 
464 
300 
82 
465 
253 
710 
1,820 
227 
304 
391 
204 
439 
618 
758 
605 
4:% 
355 
332 
1,372 
248 
682 
1,237 
239 
132 
1,609 

378 
727 
446 
1,238 
532 
367 
130 
369 
323 
898 
1,503 
639 
322 
403 
303 
416 
528 
6-2(5 
488 
315 
546 
533 
1,309 
191 
480 
1,161 
344 
188 
1,636 

547 
392 
1,088 
873 

357 
746 
386 
427 
2 
244 
66 
310 
221 
641 
1,657 
182 
237 
255 
165 
458 
493 
586 
397 
410 
304 
355 
1,443 
196 
505 
846 
219 
81 
1,411 

479 
689 
620 
611 
229 
315 
109 
251 
328 
974 
1,496 
722 
263 
254 
398 
493 
668 
477 
378 
321 
740 
661 
1,421 
204 
383 
1,169 
477 
120 
1,456 

142 
162 
131 
126 

'"48 

'"6 
12 
6 

740 
281 
1,080 
676 
241 
85 
260 
250 
632 
1,704 
174 
209 

541 

267 
1.638 
597 
230 
78 
167 
377 
812 
1,186 
573 
183 

248 
224 

'"94 

269 
959 
142 

"m 

"425 

'"71 
103 

120 

582 

240 
149 

"sis 

486 
682 
238 

"123 
"427 

"'k 

119 
266 
1,720 

iS5 
4 
4 
5 
96 
162 
15 
41 
7 

«S 

40 
92 

'"9 
158 

'"294 
252 
59 

34 

25 
1,016 
94 
1 
90 

"'IS 
139 

'  '  '4i.3 
368 
44 

"'159 

41 
74 
22 

'"l2 
"'39 

472       427 
346       271 
683       531 
434       374 
315       193 
370       563 
311  1      520 
1,533    1,293 

95 
55 
22 

'"ii 

491 
744 
174 

266 
767 
331 

"231 

85 

"366 
127 

1,149 

1,037 

33i       366 

*  New  County. 


696 


TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

ILLINOIS. — Continued. 


[18U9. 


a 

e 

& 

70 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
8.'5 
81 
85 
8<> 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
9-2 
93 
9-1 
95 
% 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860.* 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dens. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClell'n 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buchan'n 

Fillmore, 
214 

166 
115 
546 
440 
276 
973 
229 
1,612 
570 
536 
451 
152 
50 
757 
246 
194 
485 
307 
283 
402 
845 
210 
10 
188 
61 
189 

Pope  

1.151 

534 

765 
1.943 
1,337 
2,8:35 
4,814 
1,042 
4,411 
1,311 
1,135 
1,853 
1,394 
3,233 
2,728 
956 
3,285 
764 
2,808 
1,861 
1,525 
1,076 
3,569 
4,222 
1,416 
4,567 
1,862 

593 
645 
487 
1,897 
1,355 
1.913 
3,269 
1,143 
4,875 
1,756 
1,127 
2,977 
705 
2,389 
2,735 
1,796 
2,054 
831 
1,918 
1,283 
1,581 
1,752 
1,444 
3,134 
1,3:38 
951 
2,246 

1,089 
601 

711 
1,520 
889 
2,091 
4,207 
765 
3,565 
1,106 
873 
1,168 
1,174 
2,598 
2,147 
709 
2,54(5 
516 
2.306 
1,244 
937 
774 
2.905 
3,343 
85!) 
3,969 
1,270 

339 

534 
428 
1,727 
987 
1,542 
2,726 
818J 
3,945| 
1,691 
910 
2,297 
613 
1,928 
2,307 
1,315 
1,639 
679 
1,714 
1,207 
1.147 
1,336 
1,033 
2,7i'2 
1,121 
705 
1,685 

127 

220 
751 
1.382 
777 
2,088 
3.682 
100 
3,556 
956 
832 
971 
1.164 
2,670 
2,348 
157 
2,251 
597 
2,208 
793 
620 
756 
2,713 
3,219 
173 
3.9S4 
1,238 

1,202 

56!)! 
366 
1,815 
1,022 
1,478. 
3.014 
1,338! 
3,598 
1,559 
1,131 
2,088 
659 
1,787: 
2,168 
996 
1,577 
710 
1,672 
1,565 
1,645 
1,544 
1,110 
2,515 
1,835 
817 
1,419 

11 

21 

532 
709 
3!) 
1,439 
1,996 
4 
1,174 
388 
183 
152 
718 
1,907 
1,028 
46 
1,506 
122 
1,282 
244 
129 
27 
1,902 
2,393 
10 
3,63(5 
596 

855 

473 
307 
1,222 
786 
1,114 
1,728 
1,004 
2.475 
1,369 
843 
1,414 
353 
1,308 
1,313 
1,283 
1,111 
481 
1,117 
1,132 
1,218 
1.062 
613 
1,575 
1,419 
457 
747 

Pulaski  
Putnam  

Randolph  
Richland 

Rock  Island  

St.  Clair  
Saline 

Sangamon  

Schuyler  .            .... 

Scott... 

Shelby  
Stark 

Stevenson 

Tazewell  
Union 

Vermillion  

Wabash  
Warren 

Washington  
Wayne 

White  .. 

Whitesides  

Will 

Williamson  
Winnebago 

Woodford  

Total 

250,293 
51,150 

199,143 
449,436 

189.496 
30,766 

158,730 
348,226 

172.161  160,215     96,189 
4,6291 
1332.376  ! 

105,348 
9,159 

37,444 

238,981 

Majority                , 

Aggregate  

*  Bell,  American,  had  4,913,  and  Breckiuridge,  Democrat,  had  2,404  votes. 


CONNECTICUT. 


COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClel'n, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Am. 

Breck., 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Buch'n, 
Dem. 

Fillmow 
Am. 

928 
309 
150 
183 
604 
350 
35 
56 

Fail-field  
Hartford  
Litchfield  
Middlesex  
New  Haven  
New  London  .  .  . 
Tollancl  
Windham*  

8,614 
9,931 
5.1:30 
3^73 
10,722 
6,336 
2.622 
4,167 

8,235 
9,924 
4,985 
2,973 
12,192 
5,299 
2.009 
2,335 

7,368 

8,699 

4.997 
3J13 
|  8,761 
5,662 
2,430 
3,668 

7,193 

8,680 
4,423 
3.107 
9,638 
4,919 
2.152 
2,173 

7,025 

8,519 
5,118 
2.883 
8.667 
5,470 
2,494 
3,616 

3,177 
3,145 

1,739 
1,180 
2,940 
2,598 
1,139 
1,456 

2,055 
302 

"iio 

575 
211 

18 
20 

3,835 

3,291 
1,672 
1,335 

4,380 
1,199 

478 
303 

6,2:33 

8,416 

5,481 
2,887 
7,976 
5,402 
2,407 
3,913 

5.539 
7,037 
3,986 
2,964 
7.315 
3,953 
1,953 
2,248 

Total  
Majority  
Aggregate  

50,995 
|  3,043 

47,952 
98,947 

44.691 
2,406 

42,285 
86.976 

43.792 
,26,418 

17,374 

3,291 

16,493 
80,950 

42,715 

7,720 

34,995 

2,615 
80,325 

*  Including  216  votes  cast  in  Brooklyn  for  Grant,  and  107  for  Seymour,  which  were  not  re 
ceived  in  time  for  the  State  canvass. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

ILLINOIS. — Continued. 


697 


6 
O 

o 
| 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Hale, 

Free  Soil. 

Taylor. 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 

Free  Soil. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Birney, 
Abolition. 

Har'is'n 
Whig. 

V  Buren 
Dem. 

Har'ia'n 
Whig. 

V  Buren 
Dem. 

76 

77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
8-2 
«3 
8-1 
85 

m 

87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
9-2 
98 
94 
95 

9<> 

97 

98 
99 
100 
101 
102 

320 
112 
300 
575 
174 
764 
998 
209 
2.125 
844 
730 
446 
336 
976 
1,369 
169 
997 
469 
806 
251 
359 
749 
554 
1,851 
344 
1,028 
339 

439 

246 
248 
814 
109 
686 
2,571 
633 
1,606 
980 
708 
958 
350 
1,061 
869 
830 
761 
355 
781 
763 
757 
782 
518 
1,450 
799 
820 
635 

224 

84 
266 
580 
321 
583 
1,109 
122 
1,943 
807 
798 
337 
214 
730 
1,097 
108 
942 
456 
537 
204 
318 
674 
391 
713 
211 
866 
186 

234 
141 
185 
689 
281 
431 
2,023 
312 
1,88(5 
804 
649 
658 
174 
763 
593 
503 
758 
303 
529 
577 
479 
513 
235 
897 
575 
240 
309 

'"299 
300 

"'96 
63 

201       348 
90       208 
237i      228 
713!      771 
289  i      322 
466  |      397 
1,042    1,945 
* 

391 
* 

268 

54 

107 

230 
220 

""96 

'"22 
16 
3 

140 

114 

259 
715 
# 

151 

817 

415 

408 

263 

411 

'"7 

426 
989 

# 

224 
1,783 

"355 

"551 

47 
34 
15 
1 
84 
111 
96 
6 
68 
14 
140 
27 
1 
18 
279 
540 

'"807 
52 

1,837 
610 
670 
315 
187 
483 
1,011 
94 
869 
479 
500 
254 
265 
736 
384 
509 
179 
546 
159 

1,371 

743 
610 
683 
206 
465 
628 
617 
768 
315 
503 
565 
637 
748 
289 
810 
766 
368 
322 

'"7 

'"83 
24 
83 

'"28 
2 

1 

2,000 
732 
685 
408 
187 
371 
1,181 
78 
1,044 
509 
711 
149 
205 
770 
375 
753 
103 
789 
* 

1,249 
611 
575 
751 
154 
241 
661 
636 
587 
254 
524 
493 
500 
639 
236 
1,367 
578 
321 

1,464 
384 

803 
490 

58 

"310 
9 
560 
280 

1333 

"336 
221 
465 
102 

82 
170 
80 
1 
86 

153 

. 

'"isi 

320 

"'725 
49 

15 
31 
274 

"ise 

123 
221 
357 

"306 

47 
209 
179 
152 

8 

70 

88 

64,934 

80,597 
15,663 

9,966 
155,497 

53,047 

56.300 
3,253 

15,774 
125,121 

45,528 

57,920 
12,392 

3,570 

107,018 

45,537 

47,476 
1,939 
93,013 

14,292 

17,275 
2.983 
31,567 

*  New  County. 


CONNECTICUT. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

18 

4O. 

18 

36. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Hale, 

Free  Soil 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cais, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Birney, 

Abolition 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison 
Whig. 

V  Buren. 
Dem. 

4,814 
6.329 
3,946 
2,065 
6,046 
3,361 
1.703 
2,095 

5,155 

6,639 
4,082 
2,734 
6,097 
4,079 
2,015 
2,448 

167 
461 
413 
238 
424 
637 
202 
618 

5,036 
6,000 
3,918 
2,136 
5,273 
4,020 
1,665 
2,266 

4,064 

5,345 
3,674 
2,152 
4,516 
3,421 
1.612 
2,262 

462 
810 
800 
361 
806 
776 
191 
799 

5,368 
6,259 
4,668 
2,324 
5,546 
4.081 
1.9(54 
2,620 

4,599 

5,624 
4,335 
2,345 
4,726 
3,709 
1,950 
2,544 

142 

287 
368| 
130 
229 
304 
120 
363 

4,871 

6,216 
4,542 
2,276 
5,100 
3.815 
1,991 
2,790 

3,862 

4,496 
3,806 
2,275 
4,012 
3,148 
1,509 
2,188 

2,317 
3,976 
3,035 
1.187 
3,494 
1,880 
1,191 
1,669 

2,711 

3.768 
2,957 
1,618 
3,420 
2,059 
1,190 
1,568 

30,359 

33.249 

2,890 

3,160 

66,768 

i  30.314 
!    3,268 

27,046 

5,005 
62.365 

32,832 
0 

29,832 

1,943! 
64.6071 

31,601 
6,305 

25,296 

56,897 

18,749 

19,291 

542 
38,040 

698 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

OHIO. 


[1869. 


a 

=0 

i 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

| 

|  Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McCl'an, 
Dem. 

Lincoln,  !  Douglas, 
Rep.      j     Dem, 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breok., 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Bucha'n. 

Fillmors 
Am. 

i 

Adams  .  .  . 

2,044 

2,247 

1,462      1,668 

1,667  i     2,010 

131 

39 

1,407 

1.790 

278 

2 

Allen  

1.892 

i     2,597 

1,467 

2.000 

1,796      1,882 

21 

29 

1,415 

1,508 

94 

3 

Ashland.  .  . 

2,205 

2,504 

1,832 

2,203 

2,166'     1,720 

34 

496 

1,912 

2,089 

39 

4 

Ashtabula. 

6,108 

1,400 

5,1349 

1,015 

5,566  1        860 

77 

342 

5,108 

975 

252 

5 

Athens... 

2.908 

1,592 

2,474 

1,246 

2,5261     1,491 

36 

43 

2,299 

1,350 

154 

6  Auglaize  .  . 

1,266 

1     2,754 

850 

2,250 

1,088 

1,830 

22 

69 

912 

1,604 

88 

7  Belmont  .  . 

3,893 

;     3,862 

2,855 

3,354 

2,675 

1,450 

1,111 

1,289 

1,817 

2,810 

1,753 

8  Brown  

2,715 

3,238 

2,234 

2,734 

2,105 

3,006 

238 

91 

1,785 

2.700 

428 

9lButler  

3,208 

4,945 

2,867 

4,170 

2,8671     4,109 

184 

156 

2,301 

3,509 

296 

10  Carroll  

1,807 

1,289 

1,559 

1,203 

1,767!     1,043 

28 

143 

1,750 

1,255 

87 

11 

Champaign. 

2,954 

2,138 

2,514 

1,723 

2,3251     1,810 

264 

62 

1.995 

1,711 

320 

12  Clark"..".. 

3,928 

2,198 

3,122 

1,641 

3,017      1,730 

165 

104 

2,641 

1.539 

168 

13  Clermont.  .. 

3,475 

3,594 

2,888 

3,142 

2,965      3,206 

209 

57 

2,188      2^41 

781 

14 

Clinton  .... 

2,922 

1,579 

2,297 

1,281 

2,483 

1,464 

70 

15 

2,1171     1,170 

240 

15 

Columbiana 

4,881 

2,988 

3,817 

2,446 

3,864      2,130 

96 

306 

3,516 

2,497 

96 

IB 

Coshocton  . 

2,176 

2,622 

1,763 

2,344 

2,100  j     2,099 

2       217 

2,162 

2,281 

56 

17 

Crawford... 

2,019 

3,607 

1,681 

3,034 

2,064      2,752 

18       117 

1,685 

2,154 

32 

18  Cuyahoga  .  . 

12,582 

7,993 

8,829      5,662 

8,686  1     4,814 

75       333 

6,360      4;446 

296 

19 

Darke  

2,989 

3,145 

2,125      2,580 

2,460      2^479 

42 

16 

2,086 

1,988 

209 

20 

Defiance  .. 

1,108 

1,899. 

859     1,480 

1,0:38      1,304 

8 

14 

821 

895 

38 

21!  Delaware  .. 

2,976 

2,169: 

2,464 

1,835 

2,699      1,967 

28 

46 

2,367 

1,649 

230 

22'Erie  

3,130 

1,884: 

2,557 

1,700 

2,886!     1,538 

28|        88 

2,258 

1,377 

To 

23  ^  Fairfteld  ... 

2,439 

4,076 

2,00b 

3,374 

2,178      3,249 

155  i      201 

1,700 

3,233 

711 

24  Fayette  .... 

1,970 

1,370 

1,527 

1,194 

1,458!     1,121 

257 

46 

1,209 

880 

373 

25  Franklin  ... 

5,079 

7,119| 

4,232 

5,445 

4,295 

4,846 

119 

78 

3,488 

3,791 

574 

26!  Fulton  

2,171 

1,150 

1,627 

929 

1,629 

984 

3 

26 

1,098 

772 

64 

27Gallia  

2,678 

1,620 

2,211 

1,024 

1,881 

1,472 

190 

37 

610 

1,341 

1,206 

28,Geauga  

2,892 

640 

2,672 

475 

2,877 

677 

17 

33 

2,694 

575 

58 

29  Greene  

4,233 

1,829 

3,438 

1,473 

3,260      1,751 

124 

35 

3,032 

1,465 

214 

30!  Guernsey  .. 
31  !  Hamilton... 

2,743 

24,167 

1,949 

18,768 

2,226 
19,840 

1,870 
15,669 

2,510      1,933 
16,182    15,431 

55 
3,685 

34 
366 

2,392 
9,345 

1,932 
13,051 

210 
5,680 

32  Hancock  ... 

2,279 

2,528 

1,743 

2,132 

2,135      2,301 

16 

24 

1,773 

1,944 

37 

33Hardin  

1,884 

1,766 

1,221 

1,259 

1,432 

1,198 

54 

32 

1091 

882 

82 

34  [Harrison  ... 

2,267 

1,620 

1,927 

1,502 

2,175 

759 

45 

637 

2,060 

1,473 

110 

35  Henry  

1,117 

1,464 

676 

1,175 

808 

1,039 

3 

8 

587 

&55 

22 

36  Highland... 

3,038 

2,850 

2,530 

2,430 

2,409 

2,272 

475 

157 

1,810 

2,140 

894 

37 

Hocking  .  .  . 

1,369 

2,111 

1,064 

1,779 

1,329 

1784 

12 

7 

1,092 

1,454 

115 

88 

Holmes  

1,083 

2,859 

914 

2,630 

1,392 

2,281 

3 

45 

1,285 

2,103 

5 

,-5!) 

Huron  

4,019 

2,243 

3,847 

2,027 

4,107 

2,083 

37 

52 

3,468 

1,709 

54 

40 

Jackson  

2,083 

1,612! 

1,368 

1,214 

1,738 

1436 

80 

15 

938 

1,383 

416 

41 

Jefferson  .  .  . 

3,394 

2,117! 

3,015 

1,662 

2,682 

1,168 

79 

703 

2,424 

1,991 

259 

42 

Knox 

2908 

2,766 

2525 

2  444 

2,860 

2  060 

98 

524 

2  7'35 

2  4Vt 

124 

43  Lake  

2^909 

889 

2^476 

532 

2'521 

'622 

13 

87 

~,  IpU 

2,371 

At^O  1 

628 

39 

44  Lawrence  .. 

3,159 

1,647 

2,283 

9&3 

1,801 

1,147 

198 

76 

743 

1,150 

902 

45  Licking  .... 

3,487 

4,432 

2,900 

3,705 

3,502 

3,154 

151 

634 

3,027 

3,371 

417 

46  Logan  

2,778 

1,770 

2,229 

1,555 

2,415 

1,542 

100 

17 

2,093 

1,328 

267 

47|Loraine  

4,443 

1,930 

3,971 

1,553 

4,045 

1766 

47 

168 

3,604 

1,420 

54 

4S!Lucas  

4,873 

3,087 

3,109 

1,951 

2,889 

1,820 

121 

79 

1,639 

1,866 

486 

49l  Madison.... 

1,682 

1,550 

1,465 

1,098 

1,417 

1,016 

171 

68; 

997 

656 

475 

50 

Mahoning  .  . 

3,387 

2,757 

2,667 

2,385 

2,907 

1,990 

26 

132 

2,323 

1,937 

29 

51 

Marion  

1,548 

1,936 

1,243 

1,628 

1,595 

1.640 

4 

18 

1,867 

1,275 

4 

52 

Medina  .. 

2,886 

1,693 

2,616 

1,479 

3,068 

1,765 

5 

58: 

2,635 

1,572 

28 

53  Meigs 

3548 

2,027 

2,886 

1  406 

2,689 

1  699 

215 

7 

1  998 

1,603 

344 

54  Mercer  

'884 

3,394 

599 

1^816 

832 

1,606 

2 

6 

'629 

1J59 

114 

55  Miami  

3,958 

2,659 

3,228 

2,273 

3,431 

2,337 

39 

39 

3,171 

1,988 

159 

56:  Monroe  

1,443 

8,397 

1,080 

3,050 

1,885 

3,147 

142 

47  j 

1,016 

2,812 

413 

57:Montgom'y. 

6,502 

6,113 

4896 

5,112 

4,974 

4710 

179 

72 

4,038 

4.2S5 

391 

58  Morgan  

2,521 

1,895 

2,172 

1,656 

2,445 

1,757 

20 

65| 

2,125 

1,669 

201 

59.  Morrow  

2,469; 

1,870 

1,977 

1,589 

2,260 

1,928 

22 

38! 

2,031 

1,667 

101 

GOiMuskingum 

4,671  ! 

4,534 

3,725 

3,739 

4,004 

3,550 

396 

1571 

3,172 

3,391 

1,092 

61'Noble  

2,204 

1,715| 

1,811 

1,652 

1,944 

1,647 

52 

91 

1,603 

1,337 

154 

62  Ottawa  

963 

1,304 

635 

773 

571 

692 

1 

23 

454 

477 

1 

es'Paulding... 

834  1 

623 

627 

329 

554 

391 

9 

497 

170 

5 

64  Perry  

1,735 

1.986 

1,481 

1,797 

1,605 

1,950 

"iii 

23 

1,385 

1,847 

492 

65  Pickaway  .  . 

2,176 

2,725| 

1,801      2.363 

2,002 

2,425 

211 

50 

1,724 

2,066 

382 

66;Pike  

1,155; 

1,7271 

679      1,431 

958 

1.397!      127  i        10 

523 

1,175 

375 

1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 


699 


OHIO. 


1 

i 

.                1852. 

1848. 

1844.* 

1840.*              1836. 

8\ 

1 

0  '      Scott, 

Pierce,          Hale, 

T»ylor, 

Cass, 

V  Buren,  1 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Harrison,  V  Buren,   '  Harrison,  V  Buren, 

6        Whig.            Dem.        Free    Soil. 

£• 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Free  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig.          Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

1       1,213  1     1,736  i         233 

1,259 

1,690 

196 

1,252 

1,611 

1,205      1,431 

786      1,060 

Si         9581      1,536 

23 

728 

1,070 

2 

779 

1,062 

763         883; 

494 

453 

3;      1,368  j      2.434 

297 

1,341 

2,519 

275 

t 

4       2.174 

1,075 

2,502 

1,124 

878 

2,4(57 

3,388 

1,123 

3,738:        896 

2,792 

805 

51      1,751 

1,383 

364 

1,846 

1.509 

320 

2,050 

1,425 

2,094     1,823 

1,098        957 

6          588 

1,480 

24 

457 

1,039 

14! 

t  

7j      2,786 

2,694 

454 

2,723 

2,892 

543 

3,140 

2,821 

3,166      2,602 

2,666      2,358 

8!      1,702 

2,460 

393 

1,771 

2,557 

403 

1,798 

2,342 

1,798      1,939 

1,2231     1,675 

9|      2,210 

3,579 

122 

1,959 

3,536 

381 

2,158      3,546 

2,101      3,192' 

1,487|     3,004 

10      1,543 

1,355 

242 

1,453 

1,395 

345 

1,701      1,584 

1,677      l,545i 

l,2asi     1,187 

111      1.994 

1,687 

20G 

1,878 

1,508 

3:30; 

2,069 

1,409 

2,062'     1,2071 

1,641 

907 

12'      2,662 

1,374 

183 

2'506 

1,375 

208 

2,477 

1,155 

2,381!        895 

1,964 

731 

13      2,213 

2,765 

409 

2,204 

2,833 

404 

2,189 

2,627 

2,044!     2,315 

1,467      2,029 

14       1,424 

1,068 

702 

1,288 

1,122 

735 

1,736 

1,137 

1,847      1,006 

1,448]        807 

15      2,237 

2,911 

993 

1,850 

2,732 

865 

3,416 

3,743 

3,600      3,650 

2,656'     2.992 

16!      1,798 

2,618 

73 

1,814 

2,422 

137! 

1,885 

2,281 

1,830      2,009 

1,086      1,513 

17;      1,074 

2,106 

58 

952 

1,678 

90' 

1,197 

1,734 

1,009      1,206 

714         733 

18      2.944 

3,571 

2,107 

1,776 

2,368 

2,594! 

3,331 

2,388 

3,102 

1,814 

2,529 

1,694 

19!      1,719 

1,797 

92 

1,508 

1,554 

81  1 

1,4081     1,409 

1,303 

1,071 

656 

668 

20'         554 

896 

43 

384 

567 

23 

t. 

21       2.083 

1.591 

391 

1,866 

1,574 

268 

2,548 

2,017 

2,360 

1,644 

1,550 

1,254 

22!      1,589 

1,404 

275 

1,409 

999 

681 

1,458      1,261 

1,324 

1,042 

t  



23       2,117 

3.311 

10 

2,438 

3,515 

42; 

2,542!     3,637 

2,463 

3.318 

1,846 

'  2,906 

24       1,221 

893 

166 

1,157 

946 

128 

1,229         878 

1,132 

771 

828 

774 

25       3,498 

3,652 

242 

3,199 

3,029 

284 

2,965      2,498 

2,886 

1,774 

2,166 

1,375 

26         587 

727 

71 

f  

27       1,567 

1,103 

135 

1,630 

'  l',08i 

95 

1,484 

957 

1.479 

725 

873 

490 

28       1,147 

6(54 

1,489 

872 

922 

1,373; 

2,274      1,101 

2.310 

921 

3,219 

1,465 

29  1      2,430 

1.490 

500 

2,035 

1,256 

6441 

2,422      1,380 

2,321 

1,172 

1,908 

903 

30i      1,941 

1,809 

504 

2,375 

2,504 

489! 

2,746!     2,628 

2,606 

2.186 

2,074      1,652 

81  i      9,252 

13,435 

684 

9,018 

10,834 

1,986| 

7,201  i     8.983 

5,873 

5.835 

4,032 

4,871 

32       1,076 

1,617 

35 

1,016 

1,501 

22' 

907!     1,247 

693 

1,063 

464 

701 

33          882 

847 

74 

596 

605 

51  1 

510 

495 

431 

376 

274|        196 

341     1,723 

1,462 

422 

1,564 

1,658 

543 

2.039 

1,750 

2,008 

1,739 

1,584|     1,638 

35!        325 

536 

14 

217 

297 

17 

229:        245 

191 

181 

94          87 

36j      1,982 

2,290 

281 

2,114 

2,224 

342! 

2,148  i     2,164 

2.145 

1,899 

l,492l     1,476 

37!        865 

1,552 

21 

856 

1,319 

23 

719!     1,089 

649 

903 

292 

536 

38      1,066 

2,100 

42 

1,118 

2,224 

45 

1.1421     2,317 

1.109 

1,906 

594 

1.137 

39  1      2,242 

1,819 

893 

1,950 

1,769 

876 

2,564 

2,136 

2,291 

1,581 

2,798 

2,143 

40      1,069 

1093 

19 

987 

1,108 

50 

908      1,046 

794 

785 

454 

475 

41  !      1,995 

2,169 

343 

2,147 

2,231 

455 

2,385  1     2,354 

2,300 

2,218 

1,552 

1,992 

42!      1,874 

2,692 

626 

1,910 

2,890 

539 

2,746      3,324 

2,4-:  1 

2,78!) 

i,ao 

2,174 

431      1,046!         670 

1,111 

777 

716 

904 

1,818         901 

1,887 

653 

t  

44'      1,299|         981 

15 

1,164 

745 

53 

1,140         658 

1,118 

453 

433         378 

451      2.779       3,569 

582 

3,030 

3,468 

561 

3,500 

3,840 

3,357 

3,516 

2,306J     2,859 

46  i      2.118       1.361 

191 

1,652 

1,147 

275 

1,625 

1,015 

1,574 

845 

1,888!        622 

47       1,832:      i;554 

1,777 

647 

1,473 

1,616 

1,956 

1,793 

1,868 

1,318 

1,460!     1,410 

48!      1.238!      1.271 

129 

1,298 

1,197 

327 

1,167 

881 

931 

526 

630  i        396 

49  !      1,400 

655 

61 

1,329 

712 

80 

1,269 

643 

1,201 

571 

973,        574 

50!         955 

1,873 

1,033 

720 

1  953 

1  042 

f 

51  i         914 

1,270 

79 

1,001 

1,193 

55 

V.425!  T,4SO 

1,358 

1,128 

T,6i6    '"844 

52       1,579 

1,754 

1,008 

1,140 

i.ase 

1,098 

2,045  i     1,920 

1,793      1,436 

1,858      1,094 

53i      1,573)      1,399 

297 

1,327 

1,014 

305 

1.341         880 

1.284 

649 

724        446 

54!         500 

881 

11 

360 

641 

16 

423         812!         551      1,348 

245         315 

55;      2,754 

2,004 

235 

2,542 

1,822 

272 

2,572      1,657:1     2.469      1,339 

1,787!     1,050 

56         997 

2,422 

180 

999 

2,574 

330 

1,210      2.548 

1,0(58 

2,075 

492|     1,182 

57!      3,886 

3,744 

177 

3,561 

3,330 

304 

3,388!     3.101 

3,427 

2.951 

2,554!     2,310 

58!      2,084 

1,708 

220 

2,320 

2.448 

314 

2,051 

2,077 

1,851 

1,910 

1,107!     1,262 

59  1      1,030 

1,710 

748 

1,166 

1,884 

407 

t 

60:      4,228 

3,500 

214 

4,428 

3,380 

228 

4,489 

3,196 

4,367 

2,772 

3,321 

2,069 

61          885 

1  487 

435 

f 

62         274 

400 

2 

190 

231 

45 

241         233 

232 

163 

t... 

63          121 

342 

5 

70 

198 

63!        192 

65 

155 

179         238 

64       1,417 

2,246 

17 

1,488      2.192 

""i9< 

1.527      2,273 

l,47li     2,097 

1,071      1,501 

65  1      2,175 

2,041 

35 

2,115i      1,960 

24 

2,219      2,012 

2,201  !     1,187 

1,508      1,591 

66          927       1.099            16           843          909 

33          800'        836          650         647l         422         491 

*  In  1840,  Birney,  Abolition,  received  903,  and  in  1844,  8,050  votes.  t  New  Counties. 


700 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

OHIO. — Continued. 


[1869. 


6 

1868. 

1864. 

1860. 

1856. 

COUNTIES. 

1 

° 

Grant, 

Seymour, 

Lincoln 

McClel'n 

Lincoln, 

Dougla., 

Bell, 

Breck., 

Fremont,  Buchan'n  Fillmor* 

i 

Rep. 

Dem. 

R«p. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Union. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Am. 

67 

Portage  .  .  . 

3.604 

2,362! 

3,152      1,882 

3,065 

1,970 

7 

117 

2,983 

2,072 

6 

68Preble  

2,738 

l,908i 

2,434      1,6(57 

2,596 

1,733 

32 

21 

2,249 

1,561 

273 

69  Putnam  .... 

1,184 

2.003: 

897 

1,630 

1,010 

1,478 

4 

3 

790 

1,116 

4 

70  Richland  ... 

3,300 

3,754 

2,674 

3,262| 

3,023 

3,135 

77 

115 

2.726 

2,909 

53 

71|Ross  

3,230 

3,645 

2,773 

3,010! 

3,043 

2,806 

305 

272 

2,436 

2,681 

589 

72  Sandusky  .. 
73  Scioto  

2,443 
2,904 

2,846! 
2,192| 

1,876 
2,133 

2,270j 

i,s>4 

1,938 
2,186 

2,319 
1,750 

10 
352 

13 

40 

1,548 
546 

1,599 
634 

45 
1,321 

74  Seneca  .  .  . 

2,977 

3,540 

2,550 

3,160 

3,052 

3,175 

43 

70 

2,565 

2,605 

103 

75  Shelby  

1.62(5 

2,274! 

1,308 

1,955: 

1,597 

1,669 

24 

17 

1,856 

1,446 

127 

76  Stark  

6,601 

4.948J 

4,026 

4,220 

4,064 

2,820 

13 

774 

3,770 

3,633 

29 

77  Summit  

4,634 

2,444 

3,602 

1,765 

3,607 

1,785 

11 

97 

3,185 

1,746 

74 

78^Trumbull  .. 

5,338 

2,313! 

4,474 

1,854 

4,349 

1,672 

17 

245; 

4,049 

1,920 

18 

79;Tuscarawas 

3,145 

3«432 

2,547 

2,990 

3,136 

2,846 

8 

74 

3,007 

2,656 

18 

80  Union  

2,361 

1,454 

1,837 

1,185 

1,792 

1,145 

153 

136 

1,431 

1,055 

263 

81  i  Van  Wert.. 

1,547 

1,431 

964 

1,107 

1,015 

959 

4 

15 

758 

789 

32 

82Vinton  

1,499 

1,554 

928 

1,272 

1,246 

1,231 

23 

23 

932 

1,174 

51 

83  Warren  .... 

3,917 

1,875 

3,419 

1,543 

3,316 

2,011 

122 

21 

2,688 

1,776 

344 

84  1  Washington 

4,258 

3.597 

3,352 

2,943 

3,169 

3,060 

175 

13 

2,783 

2.251 

281 

85|  Wayne  .  .. 
86;  Williams... 

3,557 

2,280 

3,816. 

2,836 
1,704 

3,267 
1,392 

3,204 
1,713 

3,250 
1,180 

6 
29 

115 
94 

2,904 
1,327 

•  2,918 
1,022 

47 
49 

87iWood  

2,957 

l',891 

2,131 

1,414 

2,011 

1,330 

5 

14 

1,319 

935 

143 

88  Wyandot... 

1,73-1 

2,190 

1,361 

1,757 

1,567 

1,670 

27 

20 

1,247 

1,278 

108 

Army  Vote  . 

41,146 

9,757 

Total  .... 

280,128238,700 

265,154 

205,568  231,610 

187,232!  12,194 

11,405 

187,497 

170,874  28,126 

Majority.  . 

41,428 

59,586 

!|  44,378 

16,623 

Aggregate; 

1518,828 

470,  722  i| 

442,441 

386,497 

INDIANA. 


Adams 

Allen 

3  Bartholomew  . . 

_  Benton  

5  Blackford 

Boone  

Brown 

8  Carroll 

9  Cass 

10  Clark  . . 

Clay 

12  Clinton 

13  (Crawford 

lilDaviess  . .. 


15 


Dearborn 


16  Decatur . . 

17  DeKalb.. 
18!  Delaware 


Dubois.. 
Elkhart  . 


Fayette 

Floyd  

Fountain. .. 


2-2 
23 
24 1 Franklin  ... 

25jFulton 

86  Gibson 

27  Grant 

28|Greene 

29 1  Hamilton  .. 


1868. 


Grant, 
Rep. 


Seymou 
Dem. 


687 
3,047 
2,010 

442 

544 
2,550 

458 
1,794 
2,376 
1,870 
1,708 
1,794 

970 
1,682 
2,255 
2,262 
1,750 
2.699 

510 
2,962 
1,475 
1,537 
1,795 
1,603 
1,245 
1,941 
2,086 
1,802 


1,393 

5,604 

2,510 

421 

673! 

2,324 

1,080: 

1,812: 

2,673 
3,082; 
1,856 
1,764 
982f 
1,732 
2,924 
1,892 
1,788 

1^986 
2,706! 
1,181 
2,716 
2,059 
2,796 
1,419! 
1,824' 

1,600; 

1,693' 

1,278. 


1864. 


Rep. 


485 
2,244 
1,645 

380 

355 
2,124 

288 
1,431 
1,836 
1,683 
1,088 
1,413 

706 
1,227 
2,117 
2,172 
1,484 
2,405 

296 
2,253 
1,318 
1,457 
1,562 
1,399 

987 
1,297 
1,547 
1,212, 
3,225 1 


1,156 
4,932 
2,051 

272 

475 
1,651 

821 
1,583 
2,087 
1,986 
1,407 
1,501 

709 
1,299 
2,420 
1,559 
1,472 

588 
1,454 
2,000 

860 
2,055 
1,818 
2,316 
1.099 
1,516 
1,238 
1,515 
1,093 


I860. 


Rep. 


Fusion, 


2,252 
1,769' 

375 

275 
1,699 

301 
1,590 
1,874 
1,369 

889 
1,454 

788 

931 
2,127 
2,028 
1,500 
1,933 

301 
2,471 
1,343 
1,151 
1,656 
1,695 
1,019! 
1,298 
1,668, 
1,420 
2,195 ! 


1,946 
249 
457 
1,637 
766 
1,465 
1,891 
2,403 
1,414 
1,504 
894 
1,411 
2,593 
1,659 
1,365 
1.137 
1,369 
1.966 
965 
2,304 
1,635 
2.330 
1,019 
1,686 
1,302 
1,540 


1856. 


Fremont, 'Buchan' 
Rep.          Dem. 


413 

1,593 
1,292 

315 

238; 
l,299i 

148 
1,261 
1,504 

492! 

365 

1,261 

24 

26 

1,573! 
1,718; 
1,097: 
1,736| 
21 

1,971 
1,189: 

228' 
1,606 
1,437 

822: 

365 
1,395 

379 
1,748! 


847 
3,211 
1,844 

217 

404 
1,493 

681 
1,344 
1.539 
1,950 
1,108 
1,364 

735 
1,115 
2,619 
1.639 
1,247 

992 
1,191 
1,651 
1,002 
1,767 
1,588 
2,259 

835 
1,286 
1,035 
1,129 
1,185 


Fillmore, 
Am. 

69 

145 
142 

8 
47 
81 


40 

1,074 

296 

34 

509 

939 

297 

61 

75 

32 

236 

18 

40 

1,262 

36 

41 

9 

766 

99 

533 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
OHIO. — Continued. 


701 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
"Whig. 

Fierce, 
Dem. 

Hale, 
Free  Soil. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass. 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

Clay. 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

1,351 
2.253 
461 
2,133 
3,091 
1,064 
1,804 
1,972 
1,147 
2,740 
2,336 
1,968 
2,659 
1,249 
422 
774 
2,823 
2,473 
2,288 
546 
831 
990 

2,007 

1,633 
890 
3,234 
2,465 
1,619 
1,424 
2,809 
1,309 
3,634 
1,965 
2.039 
2,685 
943 
737 
912 
1.919 
2,139 
3,143 
832 
986 
1,290 

1,296 
197 
61 

209 
179 
88 
29 
118 
54 
356 
660; 
1,739, 
112 
255 
6, 
95 
223 
332 
149, 

i6o; 

20 
9 

1,270 
2,106 
402 
2,087 
3,394 
928 
1,838 
1,536 
1,021 
2,382 
1,892 
1,364 
2,662 
1,030 
223 
* 

2,149 

1,519 
634 
3,177 
2,306 
1,148 
1,268 
2,326 
1.129 
3,495 
1,815 
1,951 
2,553 
797 
881 

1,127 
314 
3 
188 
174 
124 
13 
483 
49 
570 
1,058 
2,075 
164 
173 

2,510 
2,262 
451 
3,443 
3,321 
997 
1,519 
1,727 
1,026 
2,952 
2,841 
3,837 
2,696 
1,009 
158 

2,247 
1,526 
697 
5,574 
2,380 
1,214 
1,095 
2,316 
1,014 
3,575 
2,056 
3,544 
2,358 
710 
270 

2,524 
2,299 
401 
3,331 
3,081 
919 
1,472 

i,4&s 

955 
2,701 
2,562 
4,101 
2,338 
946 

1,963 

1,331 
582 
4,539 
2,071 
917 
749 
1,616 
1,027 
3,106 
1,646 
3,325 
1,787 
577 

3,302 
1,777 
179 
2,246 
2,515 
642 
1,049 
948 
654 
1,945 
* 

2,683 
978 
238 
3,283 
1,905 
799 
568 
1,129 
533 
2,417 

3,386 
1,459 
648 
* 

2,892 
1,370 
493 

2.526 
2i079 
2,284 
328 
647 
951 

1.861 
1,930 
3,380 
510 
636 
1,059 

402 
462 
190 
154 
29 
46 

2,822 
2,194 
2,759 
583 
576 
* 

1,795 
1,686 
3,765 
673 
570 

2,813 
2,109 
2,798 
396 
548 

1,504 
1,458 
3,321 
407 
518 

2,260 
1,070 
1,630 
176 
490 

1,326 
906 
2,696 
198 
275 

152,526 

169,220 
16,694 

31,682 
353,428 

138,360 

154,775 
16,415 

35,354 
328,489 

155,057 
5,940 

149,117 
804,174 

148,157 
23,375 

124,782 
272,939 

105,405 
8,457 

96;948 
202,353 

*New  Counties. 

INDIANA. 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 

Pierce, 

Hale, 

Taylor, 

Cas.x, 

V  Buren 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Birney, 

Harrison, 

V  Buren, 

Har'ls'n 

V  Buren 

Whig. 

Dem. 

F.  Soil. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

AbolH'n 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

362 

672 

14 

261 

398 

1 

198 

296 

193 

153 

68 

28 

1,225 

1,964 

24 

991 

1,059 

13 

861 

849 

640 

399 

333 

266 

1,245 

1,512 

26 

1,011 

1,167 

28 

1,035 

1,068 

'"is 

982         703 

608 

412 

110 

138 

19 

60 

78 

3 

40 

69 

i 

26          42 

108 

263 

15 

61 

231 

28 

81 

395 

3 

77 

147 

936 

1,161 

109 

773 

916 

66 

816 

871 

8 

700 

686 

464 

421 

102 

532 

70 

503 

59 

432 

50 

270 

262 

302 

1,075 

1,256 

""29 

822 

1,008 

"'76 

712 

965 

""s 

699 

765 

375 

565 

1,176 

1,190 

50 

881 

829 

55 

768 

671 

18 

649 

372 

513 

286 

1,186 

1,812 

24 

1,200 

1,510 

28 

1,132 

1,417 

1,132 

1,278 

893 

978 

474 

743 

8 

500 

734 

29 

429 

662 

398 

487 

153 

251 

929 

1,250 

75 

726 

964 

87 

645 

944 

'"i2 

582 

698 

331 

721 

502 

499 

520 

397 

462 

397 

435 

281 

196 

166 

726 

720 

"  6 

735 

701 

'"2 

807 

764 

738 

509 

438 

253 

1,474 

2,486 

89 

1,378 

1,801 

176 

1,616 

1,971 

"'56 

1,771 

1,683: 

1,203 

1,282 

1,364 

1,394 

138 

1,245 

1,096 

143 

1,275 

1,091 

68 

1,298 

759 

950 

513 

391 

780 

164 

347 

577 

45 

269 

327 

6 

177 

168 

1,083 

937 

11 

822 

»      694 

58 

940 

732 

3 

920 

532 

"369 

"307 

229 

717 



258 

579 

1 

229 

501 

264 

239 

168 

127 

1,068 

1,343 

'"28 

756 

1,050 

142 

758 

964 

'"i 

640 

596j 

354 

303 

1,019 

872 

80 

1,040 

765 

86 

1,051 

908 

17 

1,090 

728 

965 

545 

1,328 

1,815 

1 

1,018 

1,154 

17 

956 

981 



869 

796 

574 

499 

1,028 

1,496 

64 

900 

1,343 

138 

947 

1,387 

9:38 

1,166 

697 

948 

1,473 

1,956 

30 

1,411 

1,695 

51 

1,325 

1,583 

'"s 

1,188 

1,115 

963 

875 

559 

581 

6 

423 

404 

39 

344 

308 

6 

241 

108 

55 

39 

942 

1.127 

20 

860 

802 

15 

796 

810 

8 

788 

594 

496 

425 

599 

836 

345 

325 

623 

359 

a53 

423 

197 

470 

364 

238 

130 

884 

944 

4 

918 

921 

6 

762 

909 

.704 

634 

366 

33'J 

971 

981 

401 

809 

805 

317 

859 

766 

"139 

972 

688 

569 

262 

702 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

INDIANA. — Continued. 


5 

o 

& 

COUNTIES. 

1868 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 

^ 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClel'n, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Fusion. 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

lluchan'u 
Dem. 

FUlmore, 
Am. 

a) 
ft 

3-2 
as 

31 
35 

30 
37 
38 

3'.) 
4!) 
41 
4-2 
43 
11 
45 
40 
47 
48 
4!) 
51) 
51 
5-2 
53 
51 
55 
5ti 
57 
5S 
5!) 
(i() 
(il 
0-2 
(i3 
(il 
05 
(iO 
07 
C,8 
0!) 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
7(5 
77 
78 
7!) 
80 
81 
8-2 
83 
81 
85 
SO 
87 
98 
8!) 
'.«) 
»1 
02 

Hancock 

1,414 
1,7:35 
2,973 
3,436 
2,017 
2,075 
1,430 
756 
1,551 
2,869 
r,888 
1,696 
I,a53 
2,861 
1,945 
1,539 
3,664 
1,781 
1,966 
7,008 
1,921 
894 
2,193 
1,496 
2,628 
2,047 
608 
2,421 
586 
1,264 
1.383 
2,362 
1,375 
1.406 
1,892 
1,938 
642 
2,145 
3,103 
2.099 
2,115 
693 
2,069 
1,932 
312 
1,831 
3,075 
1,294 
1,466 
3,925 

1,682 

2,210 
1,462 
1,412 
1,131 
1.984 
2,337 
393 
1,444 
2,287 
1,449 
2,149 
2,417 
2,119 
1076 
759 
8,876 
1,469; 
2,744 
5,539i 
2,3811 
1.202 
2,271 
1,369 
2,656 
1,460 
412 
2,090 
465 
1,370 
1,896' 
1,349, 
1,444 
1,369| 
1,264 
2,054 
928 
2,393 
1,415! 
2,042| 
1,933 
912| 
2,592 
1,850! 
353; 
830i 
2,249; 
2,457 
1,209 
3,174 
1.2(581 
658 
3,148 
806 
3,085! 
1,547; 
842' 
1,8(53. 
2,038' 
8,480 
1,415 
1,1  0 
1,622 

1,369 

1,329 
2,622 
3,027 

CTSS 

1,597 
1.187 
.  585 
1,103 
2^58 
1,817 
1,532 
1,348 
2,188 
1,583 
1,275 
2,766 
1,421 
1,535 
10,952 
1,206 
576 
1,831 
1,202 
2,228 
1,793 
350 
1,992 
592 
804 
1,053 
2,121 
1,112 
920 
1,469 
1,357 
488 
1,968 
2,371 
1,826 
1,881 
586 
1,837 
1,558 
217 
1.642 
2,188 
795 
1,440 
3,489 
731 
832 
2,734 
1,044 
2,887 
2,461 
1,373 
1.247 
1,242 
4,238 
846 
940 
1,062 

1,337 

1,780 
832 
1,057 
932 
1,685 
1,795 
286 
1,143 
1,777 
1,079 
1,715 
1,817 
1,808 
796 
461 
2,145 
1,085 
2,057 
3.486 
1,589 
817 
1,717 
1,210 
2,260 
1,283 
274 
1,550 
881 
1,020 
1,525 
1,236 
l,042l 
971 
936 
l.~)S5\ 

718: 

2,155! 
1,163 
1,750 
1,680 
742 
2,223 
1,427 
247 
(510 
1,658 
2,059 
855 
2,775 
1,019 
592i 
2,114| 
752 
2,167 
1,229 
761 
1,441| 
1,799| 
1,5291 
1,285 
899 
1,327 

1,201 
1,593 

2,050 
2,926 
1,589 
1,582 
1,185 
634 
1,135 
2,661 
1,649 
1,303 
1,570 
2,290 
1,695 
1,225 
3,167 
1,158 
1,709 
5^024 
1,426 
516 
1,835 
1,198 
2,367 
1,755 
305 
1,742 
301 
849 
1,140 
1,898 
1,026 
894 
1,529 
1,055 
571 
1,888 
2,298 
1,988 
1,757 
660 
1,900 
1,296 
190 
1,560 
2,363 
856 
734 
3,480 
780 
849 
1,875 
1,090 
2,429 
2,287 
1,412 
745 
1,378 
4,234 
909 
993 
1,133 

1,399 
1,901 

1,368 
1,312 
925 
1,468 
1,893 
302 
1,095 
1,860 
1,198 
1,788 
1,747 
1,512 
775 
475 
2,009 
1,520 
1,947 
3,732 
1,499 
888 
1,634 
1,275 
2,325 
1,636 
234 
1,362 
712 
1,375 
1,499 
1,469 
1,113 
979 
923 
1,819 
674 
2,231 
1,246 
1,669 
1,639 
761 
2,115 
1,455 
247 
637 
1,517 
2,041 
1,485 
2,427 
846 
691 
2.029 
'885 
2,382 
1,241 
817 
1,685 
2.067 
2,0471 
1,108 
887 
1,104 

962 
873 
1,680 

2,741 
1,057 
1,232 
299 
633 
883 
2.314 
1,293 
1,095 
557 
1,662 
1,406 
923 
2,532 
480 
1,309 
3,696 
927 
76 
1,390 
498 
1,910 
1,573 
# 

i',257 
104 
49 
487 
1,494 
96 
80 
847 
306 
341 
1,345 
2,042 
1,425 
1,644 
278 
1,510 
235 
112 
1,215 
1,812 
257 
228 
2,778 
546 
763 
372 
866 
1,165 
1,785 
1,167 
107 
331 
3.688 
726 
903 
797 

1,343 

1,681 
1,378 
1,229 
686 
1,181 
1,700 
548 
880 
1,936 
1.159 
1,608 
1,512 
1,075 
640 
346 
2.239 
1.126 
1,603 
3,738 
1,039 
769 
1,518 
1,191 
2,088 
1,528 

I,i98 
505 
1,207 
1,239 
1,283 
1,066 
772 
614 
1,819 
557 
1,882 
1,253 
1,661 
1,685 
693 
2,075 
1,260 
155 
553 
1,509 
1,650 
1,121 
2,307 
738 
710 
1,880 
824 
1,808 
1.090 
767 
1.506 
1,778 
1,958 
931 
746 
851 

24 
fi23 
74 
49 
33 
58 
516 
63 
54 
425 
172 
153 
535 
13 
6 
3 
45 
660 
54 
205 

350 

38 
392 
142 
68 

"'48 
375 
606 
586 
192 
632 
574 
10 
625 
27 
423 
59 
184 
83 
264 
142 
808 
7 
19 
6 
397 
1,040 
45 
14 
19 
840 
80 
883 
108 
70 
480 
691 
100 
16 
42 
57 

Harrison  .  .  . 

Hendricks  
Henry 

Howard  

Huntington  
Jackson 

Jasper  .  .  . 

Ja/.  
Jefferson 

Jennings  
Johnson  
Knox  

Kosciusko  

La  Grange 

Lake  

Laporte  
Lawrence 

Madison 

Marion  
Marshall 

Martin  
Miami  . 

Monroe 

Montgomery  

Morgan 

Newton  .  .  . 

Noble... 

Ohio 

Orange  .  .  . 
Owen.     ... 

Parke 

Perry  .  . 
Pike 

Porter  

Posey  

Pulaski 

Putnam  
Randolph  .   .                    ' 

Ripley 

Rush  

Scott  . 

Shelby  j 

Spencer  
Starke                               '< 

Steuben  
St.  Joseph  
Sullivan 

Switzerland  i 
Tippccanoe  i 

Tipton                               ! 

1,020 
915 
3,395 
1,263 
3,390 
2,940 
1,527 
1,573 
1,650 
5,018 
1,094 
1,173 
1,372 

Union  | 
Van  de  rb  u  rgh 

Vermillion  .  .  . 

Vio-o 

Wabash 

Warren    .... 

Warrick 

Washington  .  .  . 
Wayne       .  .  . 

Wells 

White... 
Whitley 

Total  
Majority 

176,552  166,980   150,422 
I    9,5721                 20,189 
343,532  1 

130,2331  139,040  !  133,225 
1      5,815 
280,65511             |272,265 

94,375 

118,670 
24,295 

22,386 
235.431 

Aggregate  

New  County. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

INDIANA. — Continued. 


703 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 

Pierce, 

Hale, 

Taylor, 

Cass,       V  Buren 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Birney, 

Harrison,   V  Buren, 

Har'is'n  V  Buren 

Whig. 

Dem. 

F.   Boil. 

Whig. 

Dem.         Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Abolit'n 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

823 

1,002 

40 

665 

806            40 

719 

736 

2 

721 

537 

366 

293 

1  284 

1,9~8 

1,277 

1  ,047 

1 

1,252 

1,144 

1,285 

861 

747 

456 

1.252 

980 

i56 

1.158 

775 

173! 

1,262 

844 

'"26 

1,190 

652 

731 

390 

1,559 

1,220 

456 

1.215 

1,005 

455 

1,458 

1,005 

188 

1,652 

839 

1,304 

712 

539 

526 

165 

* 

706 

888 

88 

"457 

463 

46 

277 

316 

""s 

143 

177 

52 

67 

614 

1,188 

632 

1,071 

7: 

662 

1,048 

1 

680 

737 

439|      307 

357 

347         33 

86 

190 

128| 

128 

175 

8 

73 

95 

375 

50C      135 

276 

392 

142 

331 

352 

32 

283 

265 

2.016 

2.263 

286 

2.075 

1,609 

167 

1,835 

1,427 

50 

1,674 

1,026 

1,172     679 

998 

1,104 

59 

926 

784 

96 

872 

669 

14 

908 

503 

625|      262 

896 

1,333         20 

676 

1,114 

46 

659 

1,150 

15 

631 

948 

438       550 

1,167 

1,003 

1,044 

741 

3 

1,079 

821 

1 

1,077 

658 

736,      437 

1,045 

938 

26 

797 

676 

64 

623 

553 

5 

496 

329 

160  i      149 

667 

677 

117 

629 

63(5 

114 

590 

457 

38 

391 

225  1 

1281      150 

236 

334 

58 

138 

208 

139! 

114 

206 

5 

115 

125 





1,357 
1,054 

1,468 
1,113 

136 
14 

1,027 
1,070 

877 
1,031 

226 
18 

1,009 
1,019 

831 
1,085 

1 

1,069 
989 

640 

898 

'  '4;>6 

670 

"452 

815 

1,004 

1,282 

83 

824 

993 

55l 

813 

a54 

20 

911 

625 

486      3(57 

2,158 

2,599 

110 

1.877 

1,789 

109 

1,715 

1,634 

25 

1,636 

1,279 

1,409.  1,043 

343 

511 

56 

305 

428 

91 

199!        256 

54 

154 

194 

94         42 

377 

519 

342 

497 

7 

76  1        516 

311 

366 

142       19T 

994 

1,196 

76 

731 

770 

70 

569 

517 

.  '.  '.  '.  '. 

312 

244 

139        80 

622 

1,085 

87 

780 

1,084 

59 

721 

1,118 

""l2 

719 

943 

262  1      302 

1,559 

1,85-2 

100 

1,501 

1,547 

109 

1,450 

1,521 

8 

1,413 

1,222 

1,06(5 

752 

1,109 

1,181 

132 

986 

1,029 

121 

1,023 

1,078 

24 

1,012 

815 

666 

543 

•"600 

'"807 

'"79 

'  '  '497 

'"613 

53 

390 

438- 

241 

228 

49 

80 

432 

455 

21 

439 

459 

6 

193 

168 

747 

1,022 

a 

760 

961 

6 

707 

i,03<; 

"'a 

708 

879 

483 

564 

901 

1,060 

20 

882 

953 

13 

754 

88S 

i 

709 

604 

427 

286 

1,312 

1,084 

105 

1,398 

1,319 

9 

1,377 

.  1,329 

12 

1,360 

948 

828 

534 

684 

659 

3 

599 

335 

8 

564        '3SI 

560 

221 

392 

114 

538 

688 

1 

519 

510 

1 

4591        491 

474 

318 

226 

218 

444 

527 

88 

3-13 

401 

7 

311 

305 

'"ii 

220 

194j 

87 

69 

784 

1,433 

26 

763 

1,226 

19 

673 

1,151 

706 

965; 

330 

751 

210 

333 

1 

135 

224 

1 

123 

124 

i 

51 

60 

1,712 

1,466 

22 

1,647 

1,300 

10 

1,540 

1,367 

9 

1,571 

l,049i 

1,067 

694 

900 

993 

530! 

631 

787 

523 

818 

809i      266 

1,068 

553J 

6:33 

234 

1,119 

1,386 

113 

1,114 

988 

173 

1,060 

908!        8:) 

1,000 

623] 

663 

403 

1,507 

1,480 

119 

1,142 

1,392 

87 

1,580 

1,362         42 

1,526 

1,170 

1,167 

749 

518 

559 

11 

488 

447 

16 

481 

4411          1 

399 

461 

294 

267 

1,286 

1,627 

27 

1,121 

1,41-1 

18 

1,107 

1.842          7 

1,016 

1,070 

688 

675 

685 

710 

1 

681 

471 

586 

496 



589 

324 

171 

179 

66 

122 

* 

487 

543 

90 

315 

352 

194 

328 

303 

42 

238 

176 

998 

1,052 

174 

817 

667 

332 

863 

683 

33 

809 

444 

"490 

'255 

529 

1,203 

465 

1,142 

5 

464 

1,221 

1 

417 

1,014 

203 

558 

1,134 

1,147 

""i 

1,093 

1,108 

44 

961 

1,006 

8 

1,023 

735 

630 

519 

1,918 

2,446 

143 

1,269 

1,523 

405 

1,550 

1,551 

37 

1,508 

1,200 

1,244 

1,041 

340 

461 

7 

183 

235 

3 

100 

119 

* 

584 

626 

149 

526 

637 

208 

682 

672 

60 

760 

614 

766 

608 

945 

1,317 

6 

534 

667 

22 

675 

556 

1 

628 

370 

269 

130 

852 

783 

4 

830 

763 

787 

762 

847 

663 

574 

439 

1,694 

1,155 

8 

1,585 

852 

""57 

1,515 

866 

1,511 

583 

963 

287 

1,145 

959 

91 

847 

739 

140 

601 

575         19 

307 

198 

122 

47 

850 

552 

56 

708 

460 

68 

779 

470  !        10 

737 

347 

541 

320 

487 

1,034 

81 

457 

862 

21 

394 

850 

355 

662 

157!      380 

1,093 

1,613 

11 

1,126 

1,643 

22 

1,149 

1,660 

5 

1.138 

1,381  1 

556;      947 

2,304 

1,874 

786 

2,085 

1,432 

839 

2,321 

1,436 

318 

8,889 

1,258 

2,2S5 

985 

415 

710 

23 

232 

416 

18 

185 

306 

3 

131 

140 

510 

536 

13 

206 

305 

34 

259 

218 

206 

144 

Iu9 

106 

497 

568 

11 

318 

373 

21 

222 

237 

"'2 

144 

141 



80,901 

95,340 

6,929 

69,907 

74,745 

7,878 

67,867 

70,131 

2,106 

65,302    51,701   41.281  32,473 

7.510 

4.838 

2,264 

13,601                1:  8,803 

lias.170 

152.530 

140,104 

117,003! 

73,759 

*New  Counties. 


704 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

WISCONSIN. 


[1869. 


a 

o 

i 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 

Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican, 

t  Douglas, 
Democrat. 

1 

2 
3 

4 
5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
K 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 

as 

34 
35 

36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 

Adams  
Ashland 

958 

9 

320 
30 

581 
14 

222 

29 

844 

35 

"'873' 
459 
706 
256 
152 
3,386 
828 
4,798 
4,398 
250 
70 
564 
490 
4,106 
3,579 
2,372 
1,957 
1,909 
654 
3,077 
1,033 
326 
1,637 
1,477 
1,736 
43 
2,041 
219 
781 
4,831 
1,229 
598 
832 
627 
326 
637 
199 
944 
2,634 
1,167 
5,198 
2,309 
163 
2,731 
664 
490 
1,145 
3,910 
939 
3,020 
1,340 
1,534 
3,225 
362 

301 
32 

i',239' 
189 
605 
241 
89 
1,614 
812 
4,174 
4,456 
123 
66 
341 
342 
3,001 
1,922 
1,^34 
708 
1,581 
207 
2.794 
737 
688 
920 
765 
1,898 
4 
1,947 
481 
882 
6,726 
631 
286 
1,082 
1,823 
105 
411 
122 
471 
1,659 
776 
1,916 
985 
114 
2,179 
597 
184 
487 
1,591 
2.747 
2,563 
575 
405 
1,859 
301 

Bad  Ax 

Brown     .                 

1,806 
1,093 
985 
677 
411 
3,867 
1,104 
5,731 
3,634 
643 
73 
1,138 
1,287 
4,734 
4,646 
2,791 
1,803 
2,345 
1,056 
3,195 
1,445 
645 
1,530 
2,3*58 
•    2,605 

'  2,605' 
209 
667 
6,101 
1,951 
842 
1,501 
512 
544 
1,356 
322 
1,231 
3,130 
1,619 
5,583 
3,262 
299 
3,062 
1,237 
1,193 
2,248 
4,184 
1,213 
2,930 
1,994 
1,741 
4,712 
401 

2,019 
455 
1,136 
692 
137 
1,893 
1,186 
4,880 
5,675 
165 
73 
352 
707 
4,466 
2,071 
1,294 
805 
1,951 
376 
3,747 
1,114 
851 
1,194 
1,381 
2,640 

2,646' 
788 
920 
9,074 
1,248 
376 
1,801 
2,059 
222 
533 
144 
740 
1,924 
1,202 
2,135 
1,366 
235 
2,457 
811 
268 
621 
1,568 
3,073 
2,971 
912 
386 
2,742 
442 

730 
597 
444 
205 
171 
2,652 
711 
4,018 
3,226 
256 
37 
506 
515 
3,484 
3,247 
2,017 
1,441 
1,282 
680 
2,157 
776 
157 
1,318 
1,531 
1,471 
15 
1,179 
136 
437 
3,175 
1,160 
291 
651 
243 
273 
656 
176 
704 
2,034 
1,020 
4,368 
2,076 
134 
1,958 
594 
573 
1,337 
3,455 
664 
2,010 
1,139 
1,053 
2,926 
247 
14,550 

1,286 
284 
718 
293 
48 
1,483 
786 
3,811 
4,698 
75 
67 
251 
362 
3,305 
1,561 
1,107 
508 
1,424 
207 
2,742 
687 
753 
879 
904 
1,712 
22 
2,248 
527 
647 
6,875 
650 
178 
989 
2,050 
119 
326 
107 
311 
1,644 
652 
1,532 
986 
97 
2,185 
511 
130 
451 
1,192 
2,923 
2,196 
541 
282 
1,772 
248 
3,291 

Buffalo 

Calumet  

Chippevva  . 

Clark         

Columbia  
Crawford              .   . 

Dane  

Dodge       

Door 

Douglas  

Dunn                 

Eau  Claire                                | 

Fond  clu  Lac  
Grant  .                 

Green 

Green  Lake  

Iowa  . 

Jackson 

Jefferson    

Juneau 

Kewaunee  

Kenosha     i 

La  Crosse 

Lafayette  

La  Pointe                    

Manitowoc  

Marathon  
Marquetto 

Milwaukee  
Monroe       

Oconto 

Outagamie  
Ozaukee   . 

Pepin 

Pierce  

Polk 

Portage 

Racine  

Richland 

Rock  

Sauk             

Shawanaw 

Sheboygan  

St.  Croix  
Trempeleau 

Vernon  

Walworth        .... 

Washin  "-ton 

Waukesna  

Waupacca 

Waushara  

Winnebago  
Wood 

Soldiers  Vote 

Total         

108,857 
24,147 

84,710 
t!93,567 

83,458 
17,574 

65,884 
149.342 

86,110 
21,089 

65,021 
151.131 

Majority 

Aggregate  

*  No  return.  t  Including  Bayfield,  44,  and  Burnett,  78  votes,  new  counties. 

$Bell  received  161,  and  Breckenridge  888  votes. 


lbt)9.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

WISCONSIN. 


a 

1858. 

1852. 

1848. 

o 

6 
£ 

Fremont, 
Republican. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

Fillmore, 
American. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Hal,, 
Free  Soil. 

Taylor. 
Whig. 

Cast, 
Democrat. 

Van  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

1 

1,591 

625 

9 

Ill 

86 

0 

<?, 

3 

597 

231 

21 

4 

5 

499 
68 

1,004 
163 

0 
0 

326 
t  

515 

0 

238 

309 

10 

6 

7 

486 
* 

408 

1 

149 

f 

245 

0 

65 

79 

0 

8 

73 

37 

0 

f  

9 

10 

2,950 
521 

1,239 
429 

7 
1 

1,133 

1,233 
maj.  42 

31 

302 
109 

145 

215 

106 
12 

11 
12 
13 

3,990 
3,455 
t  

3,443 

2,784 

6 
15 

1,004 
1,205 
t  

2,138 
2,264 

288 
429 

724 
527 

757 
797 

443 

637 

14 

t 

t  .. 

15 

39() 

119 

o 

f 

1fi 

17 
18 
19 
°0 

3,292 

2,809 
2,004 

2,511 
1,419 
1,087 

25 

186 
32 

1,065 
1,341 
659 

1,635 
1,379 
865 

408 
129 
186 

446 
1.649 
479 

4as 

1,148 
391 

497 
144 
297 

21 
22 

1,497 
306 

1,474 
144 

27 
6 

895 

t... 

948 

0 

884 

848 

118 

23 
94 

3,290 
±... 

3,434 

6 

1,203 
t  

1,693 

359 

713 

840 

562 

Vft 

89 

206 

0 

5 

23 

0 

°fi 

1  508 

831 

o 

483 

590 

636 

27 
28 
99 

987 
1,415 
* 

541 
1,722 

25 
19 

260 
850 
t 

325 

1,389 

10 
0 

"'92i 

"i',66i' 

"'si' 

30 
31 

1,177 
269 

1,907 
207 

0 
1 

209 

874 

9 

77 

150 

70 

32 
.33 

34 

2,518 
2,798 
722 

1,032 
7,188 
254 

19 
25 
6 

2,019' 
t 

rnaj.366 
3,640 

'"527 

214 

1,189 

174 
2,151 

174 

626 

85 

* 

71 

101 

0 

3r. 

602 

753 

1 

145 

429 

44 

37 

360 

2  032 

o 

f 

as 

39 

414 

106 

11 

t 

40 

95 

54 

o 

f 

41 

fi£0 

361 

13 

216 

275 

42 
43 

44 
45 

46 
47 

48 

2,299 
882 
4,707 
2,015 
68 
1,891 
417 

1,688 
455 
1,965 
993 
21 
1,921 
252 

6 
37 
10 
4 
0 
15 
0 

848 
166 
1,509 
511 
t  
662 

1,308 
166 
1,691 
595 

"i'sis" 

maj.  62 

776 
0 
923 
156 

'376' 

907 

i',366' 
149 

'"'372 

635 

"'491' 

158 

'"442 

1,931 

i',338' 
159 

"'175' 

49 

190 

45 

o 

t  

50 

51 
52 
53 
54 

3,518 
813 

2,875 
1  f>36 

1,297 
2,641 
2,020 
75 

4 

7 
8 

o 

965 

1,156 
939 

1,141 
2..350 
1,582 

1,433 
183 
1,186 

804 
355 
806 

550 
1,720 
961 

1,493 
324 
1,001 

56 
57 

1,292 
2,769 
260 

215 
1,415 
95 

6 
20 

o 

147 

707 
f 

174 
949 

116 

575 

'"366" 

""222" 

."."226' 

06.090 
12,668 

52,843 

579 
119,512 

21,743 

32,658 
10,915 

8,780 
63,181 

13,747 

15,001 
1,254 

10,428 
39,176 

*  No  returns. 


t  New  Counties. 


$  With  Adams. 


45 


700 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

IOWA. 


[1869. 


a 

c 

_!_ 
i 

2 
3 

1 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 

i 

40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

1860. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 

Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

Fusion, 
Democrat. 

Adair 

313 
427 
1,543 
1,519 
101 
2,587 
2,580 
1,362 
1,470 
1,872 
57 
1,118 
104 
156 
420 
2,470 
441 
64 
996 
1,062 
76 
2,783 
3,283 
188 
1,254 
1,520 
1,024 
2,034 
2,572 
121 
2,633 
136 
2,124 
1,283 
516 
977 
423 
5:30 
547 
638 
89 
1,586 
932 
2,802 
674 
271 
23 
1,490 
2,040 
2,799 
1,895 
2,221 
2,410 
1,938 
332 
3,060 
3,630 
1  W 

115 
166 
1,403 
1,236 
101 
1,172 
841 
995 
538 
926 
4 
424 
67 
82 
248 
1,381 
73 
15 
520 
426 
4 
1,952 
2,292 
138 
590 
1,410 
1,018 
1,021 
1,958 
10 
4,091 
28 
1,051 
400 
78 
1,082 
231 
75 
412 
167 
24 
535 
732 
1,044 
380 
80 
5 
1,164 
2,117 
1,232 
1,309 
2,090 
1,277 
1,503  \ 
30 
3,101 
1,642 
761 
683 
944 
1,511 
2,182 
611 
551 
293 

119 
180 
1,145 
874 
43 
1,119 
1,489 
405 
738 
1,054 
6 
559 
12 
33 
180 
1.625 
'223 
8 
576 
611 
24 
2,110 
1,896 
49 
632 
1,021 
689 
1,300 
2,050 

47 
76 

1,330 
920 
52 
560 
433 
460 
257 
601 
9 
241 
24 
32 
128 
832 
11 
1 
292 
207 
11 
1,642 
1,410 
17 
328 
968 
577 
630 
1,514 

42 
161 
1,185 
853 
48 
1,028 
1,122 
365 
543 
962 
6 
483 
19 
25 
167 
1,548 
157 
10 
550 
592 
8 
2,089 
1,974 
47 
612 
843 
680 
1,868 
1,997 
46 
2,092 
36 
1,529 
560 
228 
402 
121 
141 
326 
224 
29 
713 
385 
2,148 
386 
55 
4 
782 
1,574 
1,208 
1,463 
1,804 
1,453 
1,330 
64 
2,617 
2,228 
1,309 
686 
737 
1,639 
l'508 
854 
441 
594 

44 
92 

1,151 
1,224 
59 
724 
557 
446 
454 
621 
6 
246 
20 
26 
136 
963 
59 
3 
306 
445 
13 
1,574 
1,450 
31 
433 
1,424 
898 
789 
1,677 
7 
3,059 

"'835' 
201 
69 
516 
145 
19 
301 
100 
40 
382 

a57 

1,066 
273 
8 
6 
682 
1,405 
650 
1,245 
1,448 
1,097 
1,195 
18 
2,632 
1,2H1 
739 
483 
764 
1,332 
1.607 
404 
327 
172 

Adams  

Allamakee  
\ppanoose 

Audubon  

Benton              

Black  Hawk 

Booiie         

Buena  Vista  

Butler                              

Calhoun 

Carroll  

Ca*s                          

Cedar   

Cerro  Gordo  

Cherokee 

Chickasaw  

Clarke                         

Clay 

Clayton     

Clinton 

Crawford  

Dallas           

Davis 

Decatur     

Delaware 

Des  Moines 

Dickinson  

Dubuque 

1,742 
41 
1,413 
587 
236 
511 
153 
202 
230 
260 
,35 
815 
341 
2,069 

3,318 

Emmett  

Fayette 

799 
185 

56 
448 
103 
18 
273 
80 
17 
305 
291 
669 

Floyd  

Franklin   

Fremont 

Greene  

Grundy      ...                      

Gu  time 

Hamilton  
Hancock 

Hardin  

Harrison  

Henry          . 

Howard  

Humboldt  
Ida 

74 
10 
792 
1,598 
1,349 
1,389 
1,546 
1,531 
1,149 
74 
2.506 
2,253 
1,305 
565 
808 
1,886 
1.458 
1,096 
485 
579 

31 

Iowa  

662 
1,609 
638 
962 
1,397 
941 
938 
14 
2,223 
1,087 
559 
382 
586 
954 
1,452 
367 
237 
106 

Jackson    

Jasper 

Jefferson    

Johnson 

Jones  

Keokuk  

Kossuth  

Lee  

Linn  

Louisa  

Lucas  . 

992 
1,506 
2,046 
2.268 
2,339 
842 
1,177 

Madison    .  .  . 

Mahaska  .  .  . 

Murion 

Marshall    . 

Mills 

Mitchell  

1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

IOWA. 


707 


a 

1856. 

1852. 

1848. 

•o 

1 

Fremont. 
Republican. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

FUUnore, 
American. 

Boott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Hale, 

Free  Soil. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cas», 
Democrat. 

VanBureo, 
Free  Soil. 

1 

72 

27 

4 

2 

113 

78 

3 

3 

630 

500 

28 

142 

123 

* 

4 
5 

191 
23 

854 
31 

487 
4 

247 

335 

25 

44 

118 



6 

558 

426 

123 

80 

89 

22 

43 

7 

566 

282 

33 

8 

203 

319 

66 

40 

84 

* 

9 

327 

172 

48 

10 

709 

343 

21 

123 

148 

21 

37 

5 

11 

12 

223 

141 

29 

13 

g 

14 

14 

* 

15 

132 

84 

16 
17 

1,016 
101 

701 

40 

176 
1 

338 

354 

102 

205 

276 

38 

18 

* 

19 

351 

102 

32 

20 

346 

338 

77 

20 

32 

37 

* 

21 

* 

22 
23 

1,420 
1,245 

754 
839 

67 
142 

471 

278 

461 
336 



134 

168 

188 
207 

26 

24 

36 

8 

25 

487 

319 

20 

79 

89 

30 

26 

26 
27 

201 
243 

1,014 
583 

752 
133 

592 
55 

614 
133 

12 

364 
* 

375 

1 

28 
99 

801 
1,338 

500 
1,413 

149 
522 

233 
984 

204 
1.154 

18 

80 

107 
955 

104 
1,070 

95 

30 

* 

.31 
32 

1,322 

2,427 

256 

600 

1,150 

6 

365 

764 

4 

33 

1,043 

452 

114 

167 

117 

21 

# 

34 

224 

124 

14 

35 

120 

33 

36 

166 

203 

103 

95 

96 

* 

37 

73 

117 

38 

65 

2 

39 

196 

205 

12 

7 

39 

* 

40 

* 



41 

* 

42 

583 

195 

18 

43 

170 

124 

9 

.... 



44 
45 

1,767 
207 

767 
63 

308 

832 

513 

223 

655 

459 

•"190 

46 

# 

47 

* 



48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 

492 
1,163 
878 
1,188 
1,215 
964 
895 
85 

326 
1,332 
455 
1,023 
964 
663 

aso 

12 

79 
276 

m 

206 
282 
10 
197 

112 

554 
160 
759 
415 
266 
326 

101 
739 
113 
796 
531 
338 
403 

1 
12 
3 
97 
38 
22 
42 

25 
397 
66 
637 
286 
154 
231 

59 
559 
69 

789 
359 

207 
355 

1 
8 

*"ss 

30 
41 
21 

56 
57 
58 
59 

1,780 
1,652 
993 

288 

2,158 
971 
642 
355 

650 
273 
200 
176 

1,379 
522 
468 
80 

1,708 
592 
368 
85 

201 
80 
105 
g 

1,189 
293 
428 

* 

1,614 
383 
286 

204 
41 
56 

60 

580 

519 

61 

103 

150 

* 

61 

62 

1,284 

940 

268 

599 
411 

541 
489 

39 
13 

402 

277 

400 
306 

21 
9 

63 

531 

199 

104 

31 

52 

* 

64 

287 

153 

102 

42 

91 

* 

65 

314 

135 

1 

*  New  Counties. 


t  No  Returns. 


708 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

IOWA. — Continued. 


A 

* 

1 

66 
67 

68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 

8 
3 

80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
93 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

Grant, 

Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

Fusion, 
Democrat. 

Monona 

372 
1,290 

357 
2,539 
10 
936 
42 
95 
93 
2,913 
1,121 
1,686 
519 
132 
3,612 
153 
6 
1,058 
1,862 
717 
488 
2.026 
2,119 
1,946 
2,314 
1,031 
736 
161 
2,300 
430 
259 
241 

122 
848 
144 
1,767 
2 
521 

88 

592 
91 
1,242 
5 
168 

109 
879 
152 
1,840 
8 
469 
4 
32 
21 
1,303 
413 
721 
348 
15 
2,739 
100 
3 
418 
775 
353 
198 
1,667 
1,399 
1,152 
1,724 
579 
253 
24 
1,382 
129 
109 
93 

89 
749 

81 
1,285 
10 
290 
29 
6 
10 
1,074 
410 
484 
182 
39 
1,377 
64 
10 
333 
413 
248 
208 
1,552 
1,686 
795 
1,057 
648 
207 
21 
780 
117 
30 
20 

Monroe       

913 
225 
1,576 
1 
474 
62 
23 
19 
1,694 
1,042 
791 
257 
45 
1,763 
129 
5 
423 
806 
321 
352 
1,606 
1,821 
933 
1,323 
739 
549 
16 
1,092 
323 
1 
61 

74,040 
194,439 

Montgomery                 

Muscatine                             

O'Brien 

Pa»e                               

Palo  Alto 

19 
32 
1,509 
502 
753 
319 
44 
2,674 
61 
1 
549 
873 
434 
196 
1,577 
1,398 
1,170 
1,663 
520 
318 
39 
1,495 
157 
123 
86 

...„ 

1,092 
353 
454 
76 
22 
1,402 
78 
3 
342 
388 
135 
167 
1,015 
1,268 
622 
937 
430 
319 
13 
350 
93 
31 
42 

Pocahontas  
Polk 

Pottawatomie  

Poweshiek               

Sac              

Scott                   .             

Shelby 

Sioux  

Story 

Tama    

Taylor        

Union 

Van  Buren  

Wapello 

Warren  

Washington  
Wayne 

Webster    

Winnebago 

Winneshiek  

Woodbury  

Worth 

Wright  

Total 

120,399 
46,359 

*89,075 
39,479 

49,596 
138,671 

70.409 
15,298 

55,111 
125,520 

Majority  

Aggregate  

*  Including  the  army  vote,  Lincoln  17,310,  McClellan  1,921. 

KENTUCKY. 


6 

'o 

& 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

MoCIellan, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Fusion, 
Dem. 

Ffflmoro, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 

Adair 

261 
271 
116 

106 
390 
497 
256 
184 
434 
154 
507 
223 
408 
45 
563 
300 
89 

656 

642 
803 
1,345 
1,485 
1,025 
1,503 
1.372 
513 
913 
1,210 
440 
1,160 
972 
469 
822 
1,099 

59 

20 
34 
351 
55 
132 
200 
274 
202 
129 
268 

'"42 
14 
99 
294 

627 

547 
272 
541 
737 
451 
1,063 
850 
493 
532 
922 

1 

1,106 
1,140 

1,098 
1,204 
1,867 
1,715 
1,848 
1,750 
794 
1,080 
1,771 
553 
1,619 
991 
910 
1,112 
1,294 

455 

537 
299 
323 
1,561 
642 
937 
957 

'"676 

876 
112 
1,008 
545 
571 
463 
206 

1,033 
713 

737 
655 
1.232 
1,028 
818 
601 

"362 
742 

502 
628 
561 
451 
607 
1,209 

Allen  
Anderson 

'"i 

14 

.... 

3 

18 
3 
4 

Ballard 

Barren  
Bath 

Boone  

Bourbon  
Boyd  

Boyle..  

Bracken 

Brealhitt  
Breckenridge  
Bullitt  . 

""995 
624 
414 

351 

3 
2 
5 
3 

Butler 

Caldwell  

Galloway  

1809.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
IOWA. — Continued. 


709 


6 

C> 

1856. 

1852. 

1848. 

•s 

1 

Fremont, 
Republican. 

Buchanan, 
Democrat. 

Fillmore, 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Democrat. 

Hale, 
Free  SoU. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cas«, 
Democrat. 

Tan  Buren, 
Free  Soil. 

r,!i 

41 

56 

13 

67 

68 

622 
(>3 

603 

58 

93 

17 

204 

295 

36 

Ill 

195 

10 

60 

70 

1,091 

895 

32 

562 

605 

30 

395 

377 

13 

71 

100 

171 

189 

29 

40 

* 

T> 

7S 

* 

74 

75 

1,065 

888 

91 

401 

439 

13 

185 

234 

76 

259 

353 

84 

111 

182 

77 

459 

255 

87 

61 

45 

2 

20 

20 

78 

92 

52 

64 

79 

25 

35 

80 
R1 

1,615 
62 

1,119 

19 

329 

517 

641 

.    81 

335 

366 

30 

82 

83 

232 

272 

79 

W 

470 

296 

90 

S5 

119 

183 

31 

9 

* 

S6 

102 

121 

17 

87 
88 
89 

1,092 
1,093 
855 

1,396 
1,175 
513 

324 

252 
102 

981 
683 
95 

1,028 
762 

82 

48 
20 
13 

926 
570 
* 

978 

584 

104 
2 

90 
91 

1,188 
133 

629 
368 

403 
170 

473 
63 

369 
59 

181 

340 

* 

295 

147 

99 

389 

209 

31 

9S 

# 

91 

770 

209 

13 

68 

68 

* 

95 

* 

90 

* 

97 

91 

24 

43,954 

7,784 

36,170 

9,180 
89,304 

15,856 

17,763 
1,907 

1,604 
35,223 

11,084 

12,093 
1,009 

1,120 
24.297 

*  New  Counties. 

KENTUCKY. 


8' 

o 

&_ 
i 

2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Boott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Ca... 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

\  Buren, 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

457 
280 
292 
260 
1,119 
587 
800 
978 

597 
454 
606 
328 
967 
785 
769 
528 

568 
423 
334 
277 
1,462 
724 
935 
1,172 

549 
553 
547 

281 
1,048 
782 
769 
486 

548 
401 
281 
282 
1,306 
611 
888 
1,208 

639 

635 
552 
400 
1,108 
783 
712 
521 

518 
410 
292 

376 
377 

329 

223 

201 
181 

401 
373 

375 

1,816 

605 
843 
1,126 

732 
475 
473 
396 

787 
485 
580 
992 

825 
470 
488 
416 

603 
638 
96 
842 
403 
312 
731 
189 

323 
517 
234 
440 
446 
269 
874 
815 

773 
795 
143 
1,006 
499 
349 
826 
227 

347 
472 
151 
422 
399 
204 
841 
664 

617 

753 
120 
924 
528 
351 
780 
204 

352 
443 
231 

464 
436 
290 
966! 
772 

712 
159 
989 
465 
258 
687 
201 

279 
45 
214 
253 
189 
670 
1,055 

486 

* 

275 

755 
209 
134 
302 
99 

176 
319 
184. 
497 
730 

*  New  County. 


710 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

KENTUCKY. — Continued. 


[1869. 


6 
* 

£ 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Bep. 

McCIellan, 
Dom. 

Lincoln, 
Bep. 

Fusion, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

Campbell 

1,701 
94 

242 
207 
484 
227 
681 
155 
533 
108 
218 
155 
650 
576 
855 
112 
274 
6 
100 
884 
573 
446 
416 
147 
742 
105 
200 
476 
458 
242 
88 
157 
41 
340 
502 
1,481 
172 
531 
359 
1,658 
820 
113 
714 
368 
271 
983 
116 
76 
307 

1,891 
984 

560 
461 
1,456 
1,075 
445 
290 
693 
526 
2,415 
345 
641 
2,016 
1,178 
463 
1,390 
749 
571 
807 
933 
1,830 
816 
576 
556 
719 
1,722 
96 
1,593 
1,2011 
1,807 
1,402| 
987 
1,286 
111 
11,072 
745 
274 
93 
2,732 
392 
757 
474 
633 
278 
799 
1,043 
810 
1,910 

1,504 

82 
367 
127 
376 
130 
312 
3 
424 
33 
37 
48 
470 
882 
357 

1,286 
324 
345 
507 
636 
690 
186 
215 
252 
302 
1,124 
215 
303 
496 
701 

314 

2,334 

1,078 
1,063 
919 
1,832 
1,410 
802 
708 
1,250 
858 
2,258 
501 
964 
1,561 
1,834 
673 
1,734 
714 
837 
1,070 
1,498 
2,025 
1,073 
975 
1,234 
889 
2,085 
597 
2,230 
1,439 
1,555 

l,8;% 

968 
1,568 
289 
9,459 
1,199 
666 

906 

439 
298 
601 
1,880 
946 
421 
261 
506 
635 
954 
161 
474 
1,404 
949 
85 
883 
340 
310 
866 
639 
475 
477 
408 
866 
425 
1,226 
331 
965 
509 
865 
727 
244 
857 

4,982 
614 

14 

1,219 
511 

787 
415 
1,098 
418 
369 
522 
664 
335 
965 
421 
543 
1,006 
848 
939 
794 
460 
269 
423 
676 
1,380 
651 
639 
865 
407 
932 
264 
1,095 
816 
767 
1,050 
631 
1,133 

2,972 
553 

708 

Carroll 

Carter  
Casey 

1 

8 
1 
1 
4 
3 
1 
7 
7 
15 
56 
5 
2 

Christian  .  .  , 

Clark   ... 

Clay 

Clinton  

Crittenclen  
Cumberland 

Daviess   

Edmonson  
Estill 

Fayette  
Fleming  

Floyd 

Franklin  

253 
86 
109 
467 
220 
642 
114 

"'596 
18 
83 
287 
256 
40 
30 
111 
289 
47 
345 
2,066 
195 

689 
61 
391 
460 
372 
769 
716 
591 
431 
366 
1,010 
51 
820 
1,051 
949 
1,168 
223 
492 
29 
6,404 
612 

"'2! 

'"8 
2 
4 
3 
6 
2 

Fulton  . 

Gallatin  

Garrard    

Grant 

Graves  

Grayson  
Greene 

Greenup  

Hancock 

Hardin 

3arlan  
Harrison 

Hart  

1 

5 
2 
1 
2 
101 
106 
3 

3enderson  
Henry 

Hickman  

Hopkins          .       ... 

Jackson  

Jefferson  

Jessamine 

Johnson  

Josh  Bell  .  .          

Kenton  . 

1,716 
629 
17 
444 
191 

'"645 
109 
246 
220 

1,374 
197 

700 

188 
380 

""391 
801 
217 

508 

267 
11 
3 
10 

3,289 
866 
883 
763 
958 
373 
1,080 
1,195 
906 
2,001 

1,246 
588 
546 
408 
466 
79 
586 
796 
457 
1,613 

1,643 
271 
489 
365 
478 
287 
631 
459 
372 
506 

'"396 
832 

i",i54 
943 
994 
605 
476 
402 
1,121 

'  "  '451 
661 
1,068 

747 
1,041 

Knox  

Lame 

Laurel  

Lawrence  
Letcher 

""si 

4 

Lewis 

Lincoln  
Livingston 

Logan  

3 

Louisville  City  . 

Lion 

61 

819 
247 
206 
117 
631 
241 
150 
50 
326 
206 
136 
556 
201 
490 
21 

484 
1,650 
233 
1,460 
970 
1,862 
1,146 
731 
1,099 
1,164 
474 
872 
431 
719 
3,864 
1,585 

60 
800 
23 
28 
149 
368 
515 
62 
3 
271 
24 
401 
84 

105 
700 
79 
1,119 
147 
1,197 
323 
504 
630 
627 
505 
813 
32(i 
52 
597 
868 

"'85 

746 
2,008 
488 
1,660 
1,080 
2,351 
1,234 
536 
1,121 
1,824 
798 
1,078 
960 
965 
1,349 
1,585 

253 
1,087 

'"418 
104 
1,308 
660 
404 
714 
€15 

'"546 
561 
289 
733 
793 

Madison  

Magoffin  
Marion 

Marshall  

Mason  .           .... 

26 

8 

'"i 

2 
3 

'"3 

McCracken  

McLean  
Meade 

Mercer  .  . 

Metcalfe     

Montgomery 

Monroe  

Morgan  
Muhlenburg  
Nelson  

225 
17 

4 

1S09.] 


PEESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

KENTUCKY. — Continued. 


711 


i 

o 
6 
fc 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 

Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren. 
Dem. 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 

577 

446 
180 
474 
973 
842 
278 
276 
396 
501 
1,027 
208 
358 
1,376 
888 
165 
833 
152 
372 
863 
437 
446 
433 
422 
637 
249 
1,007 
327 
802 
455 
616 
744 
155 
737 

1,098 

473 
497 
230 
806 
322 
185 
318 
486 
157 
711 
218 
322 
809 
698 
222 
759 
233 
411 
236 
572 
971 
394 
487 
660 
205 
619 
65 
947 
578 
635 
983 
'  379 
809 

511 
4,33 
243 
529 
1,132 
1,046 
377 
286 
342 
642 
986 
249 
485 
1,541 
1,159 
260 
926 

814 

428; 
510 
196 
786 
319 
125 
294 
399 
153 
605 
209 

781 

225 
664 

358 

382 
148 
468 
1,122 
996 

ass 

262 
284 
590 
808 
174 
392 
1,695 
1,143 
190 
816 

618 
370 
508 
214 
825 
314 
92 
315 
399 
167 
622 
251 
816 
824 
771 
34C 
634 

&55 
359 
163 
392 
1,080 
1,001 
438 
314 

466 
220 

228 
72 
591 
199 
91 
122 

484 

• 

1,026 

* 

176 
670 
888 
202 

224 
470 
226 
153 

567 
690 
209 
459 
1,4:^5 
1,142 
233 
656 

79 
428 
134 
155 
596 
472 
404 
434 

804 
445 
122 

144 
344 
144 

1,266 
808 
80 
509 

689 
464 
549 
560 

360 
1,187 
485 
468 
507 
517 
640 
304 
1,239 
350 
891 
586 
731 
827 
169 
796 

368 
191 
529 

772 
345 

512 
516 
166 

631 

896 

1,022 
353 
766 

348 
1,128 
396 
386 
432 
827 
693 
277 
1,095 
&34 
859 
579 
719 
708 
304 
701 

351 

229 
493 
884 
386 
1,042 
385 
21S 
702 
75 
975 
658 
638 
1,044 
740 
814 

l',042 
4G9 
252 

326 

1,026 
354 
304 
445 
766 
599 
214 
1,342 
438 
741 
499 
616 
807 
393 
654 

262 
138 
320 
607 
206 
666 
268 
69 
524 
10 
694 
303 
451 
845 
684 
481 

483 
814 
247 
158 
268 
274 
357 
152 
698 
174 
445 
216 
364 
627 
198 
403 

525 

218 
225 
363 
153 
890 
265 
72 
526 
53 
714 
387 
360 
794 
521 
381 

3,665 
556 
64 

'  '  '975 
487 
417 
372 
385 
63 
400 
674 
312 
1,294 

3,791 
476 
299 

l",384 
164 
848 
187 
362 
78 
503 
338 
267 
384 

1,161 
682 
106 

970 
439 
214 

1,092 
616 
85 

890 
652 
* 

722 
273 

610 
513 

584 
339 

985 
648 
478 
488 
414 

"'52i 
832 
403 
1,402 
2,836 

1,228 
159 
349 
145 
318 

'"566 
325 
265 
358 
2,020 

687 
589 
382 
384 
347 
29 
506 
769 
424 
1,407 
2,435 

920 
164 
333 
124 
345 
161 
543 
335 
327 
374 
1,662 

518 
690 

618 
99 

* 

309 

95 

400 
335 

96 
123 

171 
68 

100 
207 

523 
922 
632 
1,223 
2,220 

321 
182 
478 
213 
985 

345 
61S 
22o 
902 
1,473 

302 
317 
361 

289 
960 

* 

976 

541 

1,813 

564 

1,202 

633 

1,318 

391 

972 

420 

782 
91 
1,337 
385 

* 

763 
425 
896 
416 

765 
120 
1,631 
407 

629 
496 
953 
308 

715 
94 
1,608 

256 

737 
600 
799 
195 

698 

277 

1,556 
388 

564 
264 

1,231 
149 

608 
106 

647 
594 

230 
914 

713 
734 

225 
1,088 

650 
557 

223 
985 

646 
1,145 

151 

954 

839 
739 

128 
938 

518 
377 
316 
814 

958 

389 
350 
509 
553 

487 

688 
586 
413 
746 
1,149 

548 
379 
490 
437 
464 

673 
451 
247 
657 
1.326 

597 
473 
512 
439 
60S 

625 

478 
260 
652 
1,208 

390 
187 
318 
219 
324 

522 
179 
57 
844 
765 

338 
220 
335 
227 
425 

New  Counties. 


712 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

KENTUCKY. — Continued. 


[1869. 


6 

"c 

£ 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860.* 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Sejmour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClellan, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Fusion, 
Dem. 

FUlmore, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 

Nicholas  

315 

583 
82 
53 
657 
759 
347 
219 
134 
1,571 
213 
516 
254 
222 
168 
89 
90 
14 
44 
108 
128 
33 
118 
320 
399 
412 
201 
940 
71 
180 

993 

1,208 
2,198 
894 
251 
1,210 
195  1 
438! 
203 
1,200: 

6io: 

6111 
167 
423 
1,503 
1,751  I 
805 
793 
641) 
1,199 
947! 
870 
1,558: 
1,81H 
1,037 
952' 
l,037i 
281 
969 
346 

244 
367 
31 

528 

765 

588 

1 

3 
2 

1,704 
1,467 
934! 
2  342' 

666 

813 
387 
554 
335 
746 
173 
161 
167 
956 

709 
901 

528 
1,579 
401 
732 
295 
706 
177 
1,336 

""184 
237 
429 
1,049 
773 
537 
434 
672 
573 
859 
599 
925 
695 
1,145 
699 

Ohio 

Oldhara  

Owen     

Owsley 

348 
629 

'"27 
1,059 

'428 
49 
15 
87 
18 
6 
1 
30 
105 
42 
12 
98 
163 
73 
89 
77 
731 
28 

i',194 

96 

688 

'"l27 
615 

1 
2 
1 
1 

'"55 

705  i 
1,796 
414 
800 
349 
2,031 

Pendleton  
Perry        .   .        .... 

Pike 

Powell  
Pulaski 

Robertson  
Rock  Castle  
Rowan           

259 
23 
459 
567 
990 
430 
351 
481) 
388 
452 
385 
428 
1,444 
810 
546 
311 
71 
564 

2,823 

64 

'"i 

640 
333 
774 
1,954 
1,998| 
917 
736 
920 
1,063 
1,446 
923 
1,574 
1,923 
1,218 
1,305 
956; 
861 
1,196 
461 

417 
106 
448 
674 
1,262 

391 
317 
762 
581 
275 
653 
1.354 
441 
515 

Russell 

Scott  

Shelby 

..._. 

4 
1 
1 

'"3 
1 
5 

Simpson 

Spencer  
Taylor 

Toclcl  

Trigf    

Trimble 

Jnion  
Warren 

Washington  

Wayne  
Webster 

Whitley  

7 

572 

672 

338 

420 

Woodford  

Wolfe 

Soldiers'  Vote  

Total 

39,566 

115,889: 
76,323 
155,455 

27,786 

64,301 
36,515 
92,087 

1,364 

143,703 
142,339 

145,067 

67,416 

74,642 
7,226 
142,058 

Majority  
Aggregate  — 

'  Bell  received  66,058  votes,  Breckeuridge  53,143,  Douglas  25,651 ;  Bell's  plurality  12,915. 

TENNESSEE.* 


a 

18 

88. 

I860. 

18 

56. 

o 

0 

£ 

COUNTIES. 

Grant, 
Rep.      . 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Brecken'ge 
Dem. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

1 

Anderson  .   . 

595 

142 

614 

339 

30 

640 

348 

0 

Bledsoe 

365 

114 

361 

177 

38 

354 

271 

3 

Blount  

1  361 

112 

1  261 

586 

47 

1  246 

623 

4 

Bradley  

1  084 

265 

710 

759 

301 

658 

1  078 

5 

Bedford 

1  449 

1  064 

1  506 

1  38() 

35 

1  557 

1*378 

6 

Benton  

175 

3lj 

452 

713 

5 

453 

63^ 

7 

Campbell     

550 

40, 

345 

271 

20 

345 

431 

8 

Carter 

761 

80 

859 

205 

15 

728 

228 

q 

Cheatham  

73 

80 

f 

423 

465 

10 

Claiborne 

591 

48 

614 

718 

io 

543 

735 

11 

Cocke  

783 

2 

933 

473 

14 

795 

439 

19 

Cannon  

311 

177 

445 

922 

20 

428 

13 

Coffee 

110 

297 

361 

1  101 

7; 

307 

990 

14 

Carroll  

1,193 

55 

1  571 

'737 

129 

1  710 

863 

15 

Cumberland  

242 

6 

243 

261 

16 

Davidson  

4517 

1  452 

3  850 

2432 

383 

3  259 

2  074 

17 

DeKalb 

626 

26° 

677 

882 

13 

'554 

795 

18 

Dickson  

292 

144 

135 

465 

86 

382 

816 

19 

Dccatur 

121 

18 

473 

362 

81 

453 

49-) 

2u 

Dyer  

118 

846 

798 

450 

154 

666 

59(1 

*  Tennessee  did  not  vote  in  1864. 


tVote  thrown  out. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

KENTUCKY. — Continued. 


713 


5 

0 

1 

84 

a=5 

86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
% 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
10-} 
10:5 
101 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 

Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

592 
701 
388 
505 
294 
262 
130 
221 
111 
707 

'"326 

# 

'437 
729 
1,184 
38!) 
331 
£61 
652 
560 
300 
499 
982 
637 
463 

721 
624 

486 
1,186 
326 
570 
77 
194 
133 
622 

"'97 

718 

476 
533 
830 
375 

704 
542 

488 
810 
24Sj 
599 

678 
601 
426 
485 
165 
287 
113 
251 

703 
513 
625 
937 
129 
530 
84 
238 

627 
552 
465 
454 

491 

252 
480 
541 

428 
313 
354 

174 

439 
247 
500 
649 

257 

185 
170 

*& 

122 

133 
83 
24 

342 
172 
213 

225 

# 

140 

947 
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734 

727 

708 

738 

354 

514 

443 

95 

451 

73 

467 

22 

400 

58 

195 

888 
753 
380 
340 
527 
422 
629 
491 
612 
600 
680 
342 

519 

797 
1,4134 

448 
460 

* 

iso 

731 
716; 
428 
351 

431 

803 
1,441 
455 

469 

178 
938 
796 
418 
508 

504 
729 
1,570 
453 

472 

77  1 
797| 
563 

178 
300 

226 
544 
1,327 
327 
292 

127 
993 
586 
257 
347 

808 
588 
361 
501 
1,226 
721 
689 

409 
632 
486 
458. 
(503 
678 
405 

781 
557 
268 
507 
1,132 
660 
535 

406 
651 

507 
584 
687 
709 
342 

705 
453 

23: 
48; 
931 
697 

57S) 

198 
457 
404 

q 

338, 
169 

550 
271 
# 

212 
359 

205 
763 
253 
383 

266 
440 
6!6 

34'.) 

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58-1 

778 

93 
337 

431 

750 

99 
473 

409 

4  »O 

52 
291 

269 

615 

80 

325 

57,068 
3,262 

53,806 
110,874 

67,141 
17,421 

49,720 
116,861 

61,255 
9,267 

51,988 
113,243 

58,489 
25,873 

32,616 
91,105 

3(5.687 
3,662 

33,025 
69,713 

*  New  Counties. 
TENNESSEE. 


a 

o 

d 
fc 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Burcn, 
Dem. 

White, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren 
Dem. 

1 
2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

602 
464 
827 
547 
1,390 
340 
313 
585 

267 
209 
566 
778 
1,356 
485 
252 
140 

602 
508 
965 
760 
1,497 
392 
473 
745 

250 

229 
663 
927 
1,381 
459 
279 
129 

620 
529 
1,04(5 
572 
1,455 
292 
£57 
739 

325 
259 
735 
958 
1,526 
481) 

318: 

177 

625 
644 
1,198 
467 
1,878 
259 
481 
837 

227 

202 
640i 
791 
2,156j 
301 
328; 
99: 

221 
998 

5(54 
824 
1,500 
95 
157 
664 

81 
15 

153 
428 
1,614 
153 
147 
70 

503 
743 
453 
205 
1,498 

2,623 
559 
1,013 

40d 

508 

519 
196 
727 
722 
649 

700 
815 
469 
333 
1,493 

744 
189 
827 
943 
560 

i",976 
573 
674 

1 

578 
'844 
318 
280 
1,356 

857 
187! 
761 
1,000 

s£ 

631 
917 

i',36i 

788 

3 

329 
309 

90 
7 

i 

352, 

'  '  '802 

'"262 

2,059 
588 
769 
315 
411 

2,698 
571 
386 

2.26(5 
488 

a39 

* 

1,683 
49li 

H 

1,960 
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'446 

1,274 

:::H 

20f5l 

1,3:34 
'263 

985 
'"426 

883 

271' 

356 

272 

146 

55 

'New  County. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

TENNESSEE. — Continued. 


[1809. 


8 

CM 

6 

fc 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
,35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
fel 
82 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour. 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Brccken'ge 
Dem. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

Fentress 

196 

82 
821 
921 
1,616 
561 
38 

130 

118 
672 
129 
656 
611 
9 

135 
388 
953 
1,047 
1,048 
1,818 
74 
1,909 
1,007 
1,074 
309 
671 
273 
350 
767 
1,246 
887 
885 
1,626 
508 
1,182 
2,471 
470 
40 
517 
493 
986 
150 
498 
915 
168 
1,4:34 
1,420 
602 
5(53 
1,064 
1,441 
394 
680 
396 
391 
289 
1,105 
1,309 
1,540 
*. 
'  1,085 
252 
538 
1,475 
412 
883 
3,048 
420 
116 
967 
378 
701 
763 
1,587 
2,223 
900 

465 

1,526 
364 
667 
2,054 
1,511 
431 
1,039 
1,155 
820 
493 
718 
1,067 
654 
555 
611 
1,808 
358 
681 
140 
1,050 
859 
690 
255 
2,442 
172 
978 
521 
347 
1,099 
218 
1,731 
1,042 
1,326 
430 
493 
460 
1,417 
885 
825 
520 
386 

as9 

930 
1,505 

16 
26 

588 
17 
38 
86 
60 
241 
87 
165 
18 
142 
16 
14 
754 
74 
24 
453 
35 
4 
33 
128 
58 
8 
293 
270 
141 
88 
56 
52 
46 
63 
95 
43 
27 
514 
429 
40 
165 
63 
19 
24 
43 
79 
21 

118 
331 
1,082 
1,117 
880 
1,236 
28 
1,832 
916 
1,064 
241 
748 
238 
280 
691 
1,313 
897 
842 
1,571 
459 
1,261 
2,551 
514 
25 
431 
395 
970 
125 
523 
867 
162 
1,316 
1,368 
649 
559 
969 
1,561 
322 
533 
402 
362 
311 
1,028 
1,089 
1,469 
f 

533 

1,427 

1,080 

7:36 
1,853 

1,584 
425 
1,284 
1,144 
1,051 
525 
905 
1,086 
695 
1,333 
8  .5 
1,827 
920 
667 
178 
1,180 
838 
876 
242 
2,670 
411 
1,059 
6:35 
444 
1,041 
263 
1,823 
944 
1,278 
526 
1,125 
981 
1,505 
950 
798 
525 
448 
829 
928 
1,368 

Franklin 

Fayettc  

Grander                             .     ... 

Greene 

Giles              

Grundy 

Gibson 

Hawkins                

950 
1,273 
492 
698 
97 
102 
506 
644 
168 
1,382 
2,012 
501 
436 
3,064 
154 
33 
4 
67 
1,259 
327 
439 
756 
186 
1,909 
1,0:35 
166 
433 
520 
289 
290 
85 
296 
142 
187 
1,488 
212 
957 
39 
1,264 
211 
585 
617 
120 
465 
5,116 
262 
15 
1,217 
342 
556 
165 
561 
850 
506 

84 
393 

Hamilton                          .   . 

Hancock 

Harclin                

236 
104 
119 
810 
105 
148 
811 
71 
1 
513 
603 
174 

'"558 
453 
294 
87 
14 
110 
34 
1,012 
683 
856 
59 
75 
267 
34 
139 
37 
48 
55 
135 
406 
841 
11 
41 
12 
20 
215 
830 
378 
2,871 
1,733 

'"69 
166 
45 
37 
835 
I,2i8 
226 

Hickman 

Humphreys  

[lardeman  

Henry  

Haywood 

Tefferson  

Johnson  

Jackson 

Knox  

Lawrence  

Lewis 

Lincoln  

Lauderdale 

McMinn  

Heigs  

Marion 

Monroe  
Morgan 

Maury 

Montgomery  
Marshall 

Macon  
McNairy                                

Madison 

Overton  

Obion 

Polk  

Perry      .         

Rhea 

Roane  

Robertson  

Rutherford 

Sequatcliie  

Sevier  

Scott 

188 
154 
1,517 
618 
786 
1,677 
744 
91 
187 
1,331 
1,220 
392 
686 
797 
1,165 
1,335 

7 
1 
69 
60 
144 
153 
2,959 
563 
12 
62 
14 
73 
28 
32 
63 
126 

921 
156 
548 
1,596 
606 
859 
2,114 
424 
103 
828 
411 
714 
808 
1,646 
2,186 
859 

164 

224 
1,477 
729 
895 
1,894 
2,044 
663 
265 
1,334 
1,130 
563 
740 
775 
1,134 
1,628 

Sullivan  

Smith             

Stewart 

Sumner  

Shelby                      

Tipton  

Van  Buren  

Washington 

Warren  

Wayne  

White 

Williamson  
Wilson 

Weakley 

Total  .                     

56,757 
30,446 

26,311 
$83,068 

69,274 
4,5&5 

64,709 

11,350 
145,333 

66,178 

73,638 
7,460 
139,816 

Majority 

Aggregate  

*  Excluded.    Irregular.  t  Now  County. 

$  Including  Putnam  and  Union,  new  counties,  669  votes. 


1809.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

TENNESSEE. — Continued. 


715 


a 

o 

d 
<<; 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

few, 

Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Dem. 

White, 
Whig. 

Tan  Buren 
Dem. 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 

153 
330 
1,006 
852 
780 
1,303 
44 
1,570 
778 
774 
241 
643 
241 
263 
716 
1,193 
899 
790 
1,170 
365 
1,118 
1,863 
549 
43 
606 
330 
7% 
141 
453 
805 
240 
1,32-1 
1,260 
666 
610 
956 
1,426 
345 
431 
27i 
3-25 
300 
820 
633 
1,495 

411 
1,13S 

1,034 
477 
1,307 
1,447 
327 
901 
831 
648 
838 
808 
839 
471 
1,02-1 
511 
1,516 
732 
312 
93 
703 
565 
583 
ISO 
2.297 
'277 
860 
442 
292 
847 
222 
1,799 
993 
1,340 
374 
907 
819 
1,039 
644 
470 
314 
307 
678 
725 
1,313 

113 

390 
1,217 
1,094 
963 
1,389 
* 

'  1.423 
1,252 
685 
f 

432 

1,207 
1,000 
489 
1,483 
1,511 

""688 
1,243 
634 

60 

a58 

1,205 
998 
1,031 
1,301 

l',820 
1,173 
644 

456 
1,123 
1,151 
548 
1.701 
1,387 

140 
645 
1,140 
1,095 
1,032 
1,190 

323 
1,461 
902 
449 
1,559 
1,242 

166 

448 
886 
601 
695 
908 

7 

1,199 
879 
16 
724 
796 

611 

1,388 
624 

1,272 
1,053 
606 

418 
1,251 
473 

702 
770 
215 

152 

481 

158 

621 
301 
309 
723 
1,286 
860 
800 
1,468 
K82 
1,269 
2,140 
596 
1. 

770 
988 
482 
1,016 
460 
1,349 
672 
215 
66 
801 
439 
544 

505 
255 
305 
689 
1,209 
835 
756 
1,563 
370 
1,211 
2,015 
489 

732 
1,034 
523 
1,077 
492 
1,312 
668 
247 
79 
807 
507 
547 

562 
293 
191 
676 
1,318 
862 
807 
1,811 
390 
1,302 
2,096 
537 

581 
952 
333 
860 
277 
1,079 
576 
131 
49 
591 
314 
372 

252 
149 
124 
459 
831 
645 
551 
577 
1  
710 
965 
228 

141 

621 
175 

531 

87 
498 
266 
23 

263 
86 
272 

680 
279 
960 
150 
562 
962 
229 
1,516 
1,288 
730 

'939 
1,562 
467 
357 
367 
433 
298 
998 
1,236 
1,754 

2,584 
274 
1,024 
534 
336 
960 
187 
1,970 
969 
1,408 

658 
28:J 
873 
120 
503 
859 
211 
1,292 
1,271 
635 
±... 

2,494 
211 
1,061 
620 
381 
1,086 
232 
1,988 
1,029 
1,398 

831 

i',022 
119 
503 
923 
211 
1,497 
1,101 

2,531 

'"897 
535 

161 
2,025 
790 

752 

§:::i*3 

287 
563 
85 
1,210 
745 

1,479 

'"i06 
170 
288 
3 
1,997 
467 

786 
737 
1,112 
487 
517 
287 
321 
671 
839 
1,439 

773 
1,357 
336 
282 
260 
744 
288 
900 
1,193 
1,730 

741 
768 
1,145 
536 
488 
513 
368 
735 
871 
1,500 

906 
1,312 
329 
267 

477 
537 
988 
357 

374 
1,111 
250 
164 

152 

169 
557 
105 

781 
209 
1,047 
1,167 
1,706 

348 
383 
545 
650 
1,475 

427 
271 
460 
862 
1,179 

120 
63 
110 
609 
1,000 

621 
304 
260 
1,742 
323 
885 
1,824 

•  r.'<  4 

101 
565 
344 
666 
949 
1,583 
2,248 

78-; 

80 
100 
1,114 
520 
607 
1,563 
1,628 
565 
165 
853 
922 
380 
518 
763 
923 
1,149 

787 

'  '  '436 
2,380 
574 
922 
1,828 
352 
130 
862 
407 
673 
1,064 
1,883 
2,517 
669 

57 

l'  375 
719 
705 
1,994 
1,607 
482 
198 
1,016 
1,161 
386 
503 
793 
998 
1,080 

738 
J  

78 

926 

45 

253 

2 

&50 
2,328 
519 
881 
1,625 
360 
116 
881 
335 
665 
857 
1,986 
2,607 
560 

1,533 
788 
704 
2,017 
1,352 
502 
190 
1,225 
1,190 
446 
468 
a59 
1,042 
1,084 

327 
2,657 
457 
794 
950 
573 

1,386 
688 
642 
1,738 
681 
588 

302 
1,296 
169 
748 
488 
346 

934 
332 
402 
1,160 
310 
331 

892 
513 
760 
1,201 
2,017 
2,550 
528 

1,083 
1,9441 
2661 
386 
681 
870 
723 

439 
394 
272 
750 
1,491 
1,610 
248 

760 
1,172 
155 
100 
402 
553 
811 

58,898 
1,880 

57,018 
115,916 

64,321 
6,179 

58,142 
122,463 

60,030 
113 

59,917 
119,947 

60,391 
12,102 

48,289 
108,680 

35,168 
9,039 

26,129 
61,297 

*With  Warren  and  Coffee.  t  With  Claiborne  and  Hawkins.  %  New  Counties. 

|  With  Campbell.  §  With  Bradley. 


716 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
MISSOURI. 


[1869. 


6 
v- 

o 

1 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Sejmour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln. 
Rep. 

McClellan 
Dem; 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Bell. 
Brock., 
Douglas, 

Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

1 

2 
8 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
«) 
10 
11 
IS 
18 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
90 
2] 
t-> 
S3 
21 
26 
88 
•27 
88 
29 
80 
81 
8-i 
88 

g 

:«; 
37 
88 
89 

40 
41 
42 

43 

44 
45 
4tt 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
5:i 
54 
65 

Mi 

57 
58 
69 
80 

<;i 
«•> 

63 
64 

Aclair  
Andrew 

920 

1,318 
768 
298 
360 
270 
775 
680 
309 
148 
1,920 
118 
832 
198 
371 
1,001 
957 
32 
1,010 
569 
774 
558 
1,118 
284 
575 
839 
945 
383 
701 
584 
l,0(iO 
586 
199 

297 
580l 
193| 
288J 
324 
235 
632; 
348 
88 
204! 
1,419 
105 
395 
386 
163 
843 
820 
41  1 
1,161' 
300, 
856 
148 
322 
320 
652 
734 
504 
433 
168 
232 
730 
291 
175 

797 
1,141 

639 
126 
197 
23 
27 
574 
243 
262 
1,914 

162 
60 

7 
392 
17 

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21 
12 
813 
813 

185 

97 
68 
1 
1 
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30 
74 
23 
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452 
1 
43 
15 
6 
175 
3 

1,2-iS1 
1,815; 
873i 
1,075 
876 
276  1 
1,245 
980 
515 
2,901 
3,527 
340 
816 
2,617! 
625  1 
1,519 
1,580; 
1031 
1,564' 
867 
1,595 
670 
1,791 
1,878 
1,356 
1,143 
2,221 
714 
994 
685 
1,502 
695 
788 

283 
428 
132 
565 
148 
53 
255 
159 
199 
1,329 
768 
34 
237 
1,095 
210 
664 
399 

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163 
440 

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756 
406 
259 
787 
460 
333 
132 
380 
172 
77 

410 

889 
345 
521 
488 
64 
409 
467 
413 
958 
1,036 
143 
295 
805 
269 
898 
659 

'  '  '56i 
391 
559 

""587 
675 
397 
552 
778 
434 
418 
454 
572 
336 
3% 

Atchison  

Andrain  
Barry 

Barton  

Bates  
Benton 

Bollin<rer  

Boone               

Bucliaiian 

Butlor 

Caldwell                 

496 
274 
468 
1,213 

285 

88 
965 
1 
551 
113 

Callaway  

Camden  
Cape  Girardean  

Carter  

76 
297 
363 
557 
997 
216 
297 
1,256 
939 
297 
507 
243 
775 
400 
107 

105 

""2 
5 
128 

777 
492 
502 
381 
307 
4 
12 
286 
197 
1 

23 

4 
1 

'"277 

Cedar 

Ciiariton  
Christian 

Clark  

Clay                 

Clinton 

11 
114 

20 
35 

8 
20 
33 

7 
7 

Coie  
Coooer 

Crawford  

Daile  
Dallas 

Daviess  
De  Kalb 

Dent 

Docile        

Don  "-la-< 

427 

41 

189 

2 

438 

* 

'"ioi 

531 
220 
396 
1,003 
850 
318 
402 
130 
240 
798 

'"894 
294 
523 
844 
391 
225 
1,293 
a58 
642 
672 
383 
430 
435 
355 
67 
1,321 

'"i47 
846 
403 
757 
1,029 
335 
495 
369 
333 
409 
867 

'  i',i68 
398 
387 
540 
471 
321 
654 
574 
761 
846 
400 
501 
934 
418 
246 
727 

Dunklin  

Franklin            ... 

1,5138 
927 
813 
1,830 

1,044 
1,417 
970 
441 
1,053 
167 
160 
287 

l,26l' 
307 
511 
790 
324 
475 
722 
145 
106 
1,270 
32 
230 

1,717 
862 
525 
2,223 

9as 

1,252 
465 
365 
673 
534 

401 
185 
281 
346 
17 
212 
232 
1 
81 
6 

494 
433 
201 
42 
129 
297 
16 
15 
202 
1 

1,573 
396 
1,649 
1,698 
1,113 
1,279 
1,558 
638( 
972 

2,106; 

403 
579; 
3,51H 
1,023 
1,061! 
2,368; 
1,508 
800 
2,722i 
1,099 
1,898 
1,927| 
1,2861 
1,449 
2,245! 
629 
502 
3,058 

Gasconade 

Gentry  
Greene 

Harrison         

Henry 

Hickory  
Holt 

Howard 

Howell  
Iron 

535 
602 
46 
915 
832 
669 
659 
346 
8133 
774 
542 
907 
442 
1,757 
240 
215 
1         828 

2 
557 
2 
323 
224 
348 
50 
395 

"533 
357 
1.35 
497 
23 
14 
244 
375 

108 
191 
38 
142 
18 
161 
6 
24 
59 
43 
3 
105 
20 
134 
9 
7 
235 

Jackson  

Jasper  
Jefferson  

1,067 
767 
1,494 
744 
378 
698 

aso 

821 
443 
1,165 
1,100 
1,189 
205 
136 
929 

470 
875' 
871 
356' 
380 
558 
416 
836 
407 
676 
820 
1,151  ! 
164| 
888 
7471 

Knox  
Laclede 

Lafayette  

Lawrence           .       ... 

Lewi?  

Lincoln    

Linn 

Livingston 

Alacon    

Madison           .  .         .   . 

Maries 

Marion  

With  Ozark. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
MISSOURI. 


717 


d 

o 

o 

6 
£ 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

'1836/ 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Tajlor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

CUy, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 

Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Burtn. 
Dem. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

118 

466 
106 
200 
72 
# 

201 

784 
150 
160 
253 

110 

384 
77 
185 
55 

200 

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136J 
166| 
217 

294 
384 
#_ 

175 

142 

450 

941 

* 

* 

| 

ies 

473 

132 

98 

122 
436 

55 

104 
167 
28 
1,112 
712 
16 
157 
670 
67 
328 
289 

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85 

348 

116 

328 
112 
613! 

857 
26 
209: 
493  i 
109 
487 
286 

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162 
498 

146 

208 

186 

382! 

206 
252 

307 
664 

* 

150 

501 

4 

75 

1,10: 

704 

588 
1,055 

1,190 
599 

602 
1,162 

1,112 
340 

500! 

1,128 

714 

r  567 

128 
849 
155 
485 
266 

168 
631 
282 
709 
298 

129 
940 
70 
518 
2-12 

212 
793 
247 
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311 

1.33 

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* 

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446 

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455 
112 

764 
182 

149 

33 

435 
142 

270 
116 
417 

420 
271 
577 

257 
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443 

371 

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457 
127 
348 

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240 
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391 

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268j 
9621 
694 
264 
264 

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48 
73 

188 

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129 
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325 
626 
283 
216 
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240 
175 
102 
296 
66 
74 
31 

289 
406 
290 
462 
535  ! 
278| 
276 
344 
351 
167 
96 
85 

284 
626 
290 
277 
813 
263 
166 
105 
269 
37 

242 
418 
286 
531 
633 
275 
306 
283 
ao8 
146 

225 

765 
310 
418 
901 
2S7 
255 
76 
316 
* 

220 
552 
567 
1,122 
783 
307 
690 
345 
446 

59 

86 

"277 
89 

ias 

484 
215 
111 
266 

75 
189 
675 

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304! 
233 
920 
184 
164 
245! 
194i 
291  i 
762 

42 
339 
87 
152 
401 
225 
63 
274 
98 
148 
801 

42 

680 
349 
396 
825 
187 
144 
239 
224 
248 
886 

* 

389 

71 

796 
326 

355 
136 

552 
636 

133 

81 

338 

115 

351 
346 

817 
365 

279 
* 

452 

11 

140 

280 
* 

283 

299 

421 

186 

1,013 

378 
969 

* 

753 

901 

354 

619 

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115 
327 
367 
* 

728 
169 
172 
364 
210 
71 
303 
168 
398 
440 
249 
251 
355 
117 
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858 
355 
310 
56 
255 
184 
532 
390 
408 
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282 
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473! 
259J 

695 
161 
246 
334 
196 

954 
294 
311 
451 
197 

852 
242 
349 
511 

457 
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711 

183 

489 

298 
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321 
374 

89 

78 

138 
240 

915 
170 
479 
566 
230 
195 
360 
231 

585 
374 
479 
696 
297 
373 
470 
377 

820 
* 

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578 
269 
198 
327 
183 

576 

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683 
494 
351 
457 
399 

500 

475 

165 

204 

542 
462 
93 
249 
374 
152 

602 
543 
235 
487 
500 
275 

197 
275 

208 
236 

55 

100 

75i'i   1,046 

797 

1,017 

721 

827 

534 

343 

338 

*  New  Counties. 


18 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
MISSOURI. — Continued. 


[1869. 


8 

<M 
O 

1 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
IRcp. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClellan 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Bell, 
I)  reck., 
Douglas, 

Ffflmore, 
Am. 

Bnclmnan, 
Dem. 

65 
66 
67 

68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 

McDonald  
Mercer 

186 
1,066 
562 
20 
754 

41 

402 
164 
330 
416 

26 
1,158 
555 
108 
866 
158 
530 
348 
99 
212 
829 

""3 
111 

257 
434 
597 
225 
264 
9 
1 
9 

3 
80 

23 
1 

87 
8 
45 
18 

'"22 
147 
2 
258 

538 
1,842 

782 
723 
1,354 
2,174 
1,353 
1,075 
500 
1,315 
1,085 
856 
733 
305 
342 
747 
1,195 
883 
2,837 
2,930 
1,332 
450 
1,205 
1,125 
1,701 
2,120 
246 
384 
1,515 
976 
1,154 
640 
14,805 
1,964 
973 
1,3(54 
650 
192 
1,471 
813 
226 
1,505 
427 
766 

61 

417 
108 
317 
387 
1,012 
603 
227 
295 
236 
183 
37 
219 
51 
111 
207 
432 

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1,040 
412 
68 
257 
534 
606 
744 
82 
41 
583 
210 
401 
308 
6,834 
853 
287 
352 
846 
14 
432 
151 
3 
260 
34 
91 

299 

450 
224 
327 
427 
762 
365 
403 
234 
528 
438 
324 
412 
149 
119 
586 
319 

'  i',iis 

1,263 
662 
268 
488 
369 
595 
874 
114 
306 
772 
347 
541 
356 
5,534 
599 
472 
632 
222 
40 
373 
315 
137 
553 
388 
479 

Miller  

Mississippi        

Moniteau 

Monroe    

Montgomery  

686 
564 
7 
759 
1,082 

493 
401 
344 
221 
609 

New  Madrid  
Newton            .  .         .... 

Nodaway 

Oregon 

Osasje 

594 

156 
8 

536 
1,000 
493 
980 

689 
56 
147 
581 
818 
441 
1,648 

764 

38 

679 

O/ark 

Pemiscot  
Perry 

509 
879 
985 
1,143 
496 
870 
105 
1,292 
292 
484 
531 
7 

116 
396 
263 
930 

882 
5 
28 
47 
194 
327 
798 
20 

139 
9 

37 
15 
6 
4 
7 
14 
1 

'"9 
4 

Pettis  

Phelps  
Pike 

Platte  

Polk           ..                .   .. 

851 
164 
1,187 
217 
217 
740 
47 

433 
209 
318 
200 
1,417 
555 
143 

Pulaski 

Putnam  

Rails* 

Randolph  

Ra  y                 

Reynolds  

Ripley        

St  Charles 

1,509 
556 
249 
233 
15,667 
587 
497 
7<54 
240 

1,141 
331 
396 
611 
14,016 
393 
250 
718 
240 

1,438 
223 
246 
423 
14,027 
170 
546 
612 
155 

394 
1 
134 
217 

8,882 
98 
191 
5,33 
186 

534 
1 
19 
48 
9,945 

St.  Clair  

St   Francois  

St.  Genevieve  
St.  Louis  

Saline 

Schuyler  

14 
197 
6 
2 
90 

'"as 
'"e 

Scotland        

Scott 

Shannon  

Shelby 

563 
222 
174 
896 
204 
191 

323 
117 

108 
603 
57 
109 

366 
111 
100 
1,074 
29 
37 

216 
6 

'"52 

""io 

Stoddard 

Stone      

Sullivan 

Taney  

Texas 

Van  Buren  

Vernon  
Warren 

336 
821 
396 

586 
386 

747 

739 
906 
1,190 
721 

883 

172 

378 
487 
100 
189 

302 
369 

578 
287 
468 

948 
788 
343 
533 
346 
65 

271 
239 
189 
192 
121 
2 

95 

28 
3 

7 

Washington  

Wayne        

Webster 

524 
359 
270 

355 
357 
127 

Worth  

Wright                    

541 

64 

267 

58.164 
9,640 

106,688 

Total 

*82,107 

62,780 

72,750 
41,072 

31,678 
104,428 

17,028 

1-148,497 
165,525 

48,524 

Majority 

Aggregate  

*This  vote  is  for  Governor.  The  vote  by  counties  for  President  had  not  been  published  np 
to  the  31et  of  December,  the  time  of  our  going  to  press.  The  vote  for  President,  as  announced 
by  the  State  Canvassers,  was,  Grant  85,671,  Seymour  59,788;  majority  for  Grant,  25,883. 

tBell  received  58,372,  Douglas  58,808,  and  Breckenridge  31,317;  Douglas  over  Bell,  436. 


isr>9.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

MISSOURI. — Continued. 


719 


o 
o 

IM 

O 

6 
£ 

65 
66 
67 
(58 
69 
70 

72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Boott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor. 
Whig. 

Cas», 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harriscn, 

Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren 
Dem. 

63 
186 
62 
117 
189 
760 
386 
133 
93 
107 
61 
11 
143 
32 
67 
171 
245 

194 
186 

279 
168 
353 
611 
265 
278 
32 
323 
111 
95 
372 
57 
34 
213 
301 

144 
76 
138 
161 
807 
379 
167 
323 
161 
43 
7 
92 
69 

183 

373 
181 
466 
561 
186 
342 
168 
461 
148 
111 
312 
113 

* 

74 
* 

369 

21 

317 

* 

792 
359 
262 

298 
189 
* 

578 
232 
544 
208 
665 

815 
344 
167 
3G3 

178 

618 
262 
494 
194 
660 

280 
169 
51 

317 

92 

216 

*. 
'"126 
* 

"434 

*  

322 

230 

389 
265 

385 
228 

463 
319 

319 
156 

339 
262 

17 
64 

173 
161 

803 
910 
260 
39 
104 
341 
476 
483 
5 
16 
•    8 
149 
250 
122 
4,298 
514 
177 
216 
59 

""267 
116 
17 
127 
11 
95 

758 
1,060 
504 
169 
121 
278 
502 
618 
98 
83 
598 
225 
529 
165 
5,826 
443 
222 
283 
97 
9 
328 
177 
94 
277 
168 
167 

793 
1,102 
231 
124 
74 
397 
607 
509 
21 
14 
477 
148 
285 
142 
4,827 
536 
204 
131 
147 
35 
175 
97 

784 
1,494 
516 
241 
120 
299 
508 
626 
148 
154 
569 
263 
274 
168 
4,778 
438 
192 
240 
217 
54 
263 
196 

861 
900 
273 
86 
* 

809 
1,386 
636 
325 

732 
459 
241 
196 

746 
968 
800 
729 

405 

415 

65 
49 

80 
230 

422 
5SI6 
599 
* 

332 
571 
734 

400 
515 
432 

335 
405 
563 

122 
195 
232 

151 

399 
221 

31 

480 
177 
301 
193 
3,688 
591 
* 

266 
503 
342 
234 
245 
3,329 
446 

15 

586 

* 

325 
459 

2 

282 

70 
237 

221 
170 
2,515 
375 

199 
222 
1,874 
322 

144 

47 
843 
135 

137 
97 
681 
178 

317 
258 
57 
244 
115 

442 
480 
271 
209 
323 

*. 
'"284 
* 

'"566 

233 
69 

226 
308 

31 
17 

68 

170 

154 
54 

82 

250 
325 
185 

* 
'"36 
*.. 
""257 

297 
'"443 

41 
'"268 

258 
""360 

63 
301 
360 

*  

153 

301 

as4 

144 

351 
473 
91 

336 
423 
245 

364 
613 
86 

341 

588 
366 

342 

479 
57 

348 
514 
211 

150 
245 

37(i 
341 

95 

167 

72 

181 

97 

486 

* 

29,984 

38,353 
8,369 
68,887] 

32,671 

40,077 
7,406 
72,748 

31,251 

41,369 
10,118 
72,620 

22,972 

29,760 
6,788 
52,732 

7,401 

11,366 
3,965 

18,767 

*  New  Counties. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

MISSISSIPPI.* 


[1S69. 


6 
O 

*o 

6 
£ 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breck., 
Dem. 

Douglas, 

Dem 

Fillmore,   j  Buchanan, 
Am.              Dem. 

1 
2 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
150 

Adams                           

448 

383 
525 
277 
355 
788 
263 
343 
538 
642 
210 
538 
106 
845 
156 
45 
47 
88 
1,108 
626 
133 
727 
25 
361 
266 
96 
499 
686 
353 
146 
368 
676 
524 
35 
1,098 
612 
162 
217 
442 
259 
700 
105 
221 
845 
505 
299 

376 
427 
1,030 
218 
791 
1,185 
421 
904 
1,071 
1,336 
157 
1,052 
391 
745 
335 
250 
257 
460 
1,615 
784 
104 
1,684 
316 
712 
333 
264 
689 
1,034 
951 
840 
690 
929 
627 
298 
1,149 
1,273 
732 
684 
701 
746 
551 
201 
831 
1,512 
676 
693 
370 
517 
173 
285 
1,456 
1,748 
122 
580 
180 
180 
404 
800 
919 
688 

158 
3 
5 
12 
54 
11 
26 
76 
33 
25 
41 
14 
8 
401 
3 

505 
440 
501 
168 
263 
846 
337 
390 
629 
539 
226 
415 
88 
709 
216 

380 
364 
928 
106 
840 
938 
387 
522 
861 
1,127 
111 
731 
387 
1,159 
342 

\ttala              

Bolivar                          

Carroll                      

Claiborne                           

Clark 

(Jhickasaw                

Coahoma       

)e  Soto           

^ranklin                      

lancock         

109 
182 
1,122 
500 
114 
715 
60 
372 
308 
70 
489 
529 
339 
129 
346 
553 
575 
69 
1,250 
612 
167 
207 
476 
268- 
607 
113 
279 
1,121 
409 
66 
137 
325 
120 
176 
816 
983 
44 
890 
148 

'"372 

301 
716 
735 

186 
414 
751 
585 
76 
1,239 
326 
599 
356 
236 
655 
975 
863 
604 
615 
801 
541 
285 
1,465 
1,065 
4(54 
427 
601 
595 
561 
185 
533 
1,392 
546 
442 
341 
433 
89 
276 
601 
1,8(52 
4 
447 
135 
71 
400 
776 
848 
608 

Hinds  

lolmes 

40 
9 
6 
63 
17 
18 
49 

spaquena  

ttawamba         

Tackson  

asper  
Jefferson 



Tones    

temper 

69 
144 

142 
g 

2 
36 
17 
2 
269 
49 
10 
29 
57 
20 
186 
6 

'"339 
11 
8 
3 
5 
1 
35 
254 
303 
9 
83 

Lafayette  

.lauderdale     

Lawrence 

jeako     

jowndes 

Madison  

Marion         ... 

Marshall 

Monroe  

Neshoba 

Newton  

Noxubee 

Oktibbeha  

^anola  

Perry  

3ike  

Pontotoc    

Ran  kin 

Scott  

Simpson  

136 
234 
138 
266 
826 
1,412 
140 
816 
201 
110 
324 
299 
707 
739 

Smith  

Sunflower  

Tallahatchie  

Tippah  

Tishomingo  

Tunica 

Warren  

Washington  

Wavnc 

""si 
3 
76 
4 

Wilkinson  

Winston  
Yalabusha 

Ya/oo  

Total                ... 

25,040 

40,797 
15,757 

3,283 
69,120 

24,195 

.35,446 
11,251 
59,641 

Majority  

Aggregate  

*  Mississippi  did  not  vote  in  1S64  and  1868. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

MISSISSIPPI. 


721 


a 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

o 

Scott, 

Pierce, 

Taylor, 

Cass, 

Clay, 

Polk, 

Harrison, 

VmBuren, 

White, 

Van  Burea 

£ 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

Whig. 

Dem. 

1 

514 

442 

643 

365 

755 

452 

862 

438 

556 

342 

2 

325 

264 

426 

309 

429     351 

500 

294 

307 

274 

3 

318 

673 

480 

653 

276     305 

272 

306 

111 

87 

4 

67 

38 

89 

49 

55 

61 

62 

44 

21 

16 

5 

216 

467 

6 

528 

783 

885 

921 

678 

742 

711 

527 

292 

218 

7 

270 

358 

464 

358 

434 

429 

538 

390 

&50 

258 

8 

137 

331 

211 

282 

115}     353 

124 

238 

11 

102 

9 

478 

718 

846 

948 

336 

632 

142 

204 

24 

58 

10 

332 

606 

642 

743 

426 

624 

388 

430 

91 

74 

11 

159 

115 

189 

130 

143 

162 

181 

109 

12 

272 

607 

491 

587 

447 

649 

571 

545 

":258 

'"464 

13 

97 

303 

135 

346 

98 

308 

116 

888 

52 

237 

14 

781 

888 

836 

723 

671 

709 

371 

349 

67 

76 

15 

158 

254 

226 

249 

172 

220 

186 

133 

75 

189 

16 

61 

114 

184 

79 

62 

175 

91 

125 

87 

38 

17 

44 

112 

157 

116 

57 

127 

281 

107 

27 

105 

18 

156 

276 

165 

172 

103 

169 

19 

975 

a39 

1,206 

822 

1,199 

915 

1,207 

658 

876 

559 

20 

419 

484 

643 

520 

578 

498 

556 

318 

309 

254 

21 

48 

54 

85 

58 

22 

402 

1,014 

567 

880 

368 

825 

170 

394 

16 

181 

23 

13 

213 

32 

166 

17 

*£16 

25 

172 

t  

24 

243 

422 

343 

308 

210 

403 

239 

268 

75 

'"36i 

25 

202 

317 

382 

290 

364 

383 

412 

229 

297 

202 

26 

38 

114 

95 

135 

72 

117 

56 

103 

6 

25 

27 

317 

511 

416 

450 

291  1    515 

326 

400 

197 

1% 

28 

401 

689 

730 

760 

542  1    632 

382 

366 

151 

93 

29 

310     688 

474 

667 

256     631 

239 

444 

11 

101 

30 

97     395 

145 

438 

941    545 

123 

453 

47 

429 

31 

198     335 

328 

289 

190  !    2:35 

145 

132 

45 

68 

32 

499     745 

801 

780 

644  |    850 

620 

620 

4&5 

572 

33 

440     497 

614 

497 

612 

486 

691 

312 

714 

282 

34 

48 

207 

99 

162 

68 

254 

136 

175 

66 

178 

35 

1,078 

1,304 

1,306 

1,344 

1,035 

1,184 

*1,006 

814 

*436 

352 

36 

467 

971 

921 

1,062 

549 

911 

452 

487 

162 

477 

37 

51 

248 

241 

254 

156 

236 

113     164 

14 

59 

38 

107 

217 

184 

197 

143     270 

109 

194 

21 

101 

39 

377 

413 

617 

667 

519     577 

514 

372 

269 

312 

40 

211 

344 

388 

424 

241 

336; 

195 

219 

72 

108 

41 

427 

383 

578 

341 

439 

408 

332 

206 

t.. 

42 

94 

112 

143 

69 

125 

71 

110 

94 

43 

143 

412 

277 

398 

232 

444 

314 

376 

"'92 

'"348 

44 

475 

1,030 

757 

999 

384 

709 

237 

329 

256 

217 

45 

274 

351 

356 

370 

311 

406 

331 

262 

248 

133 

46 

98 

247 

152 

273 

112|     259 

41 

108 

24 

71 

47 

159 

244 

236 

264 

178     800 

201 

219 

81 

148 

48 

85 

270 

210 

287' 

94 

249 

89 

179 

14 

81 

49 

35 

43 

33 

22 

14 

50 

143 

186 

206 

219 

179 

218 

186 

124 

171 

80 

51 

509 

1,232 

981 

1,236 

692    1.170 

681 

584 

168 

245 

52 

760 

1,312 

840 

1,190 

480 

1,004 

321  i    583 

63 

149 

53 

20 

34 

51 

25! 

36 

24 

76      53 

3  

54 

723 

494 

890  1    478 

922 

507 

1,006 

422 

525 

'"265 

55 

129!    90! 

179 

71: 

209  i     IK 

*162 

64 



56 

71 

61 

97 

52' 

102 

95 

94 

87 

"'24 

75 

57 

271 

455 

291 

441 

355 

663 

148 

422 

143 

58 

218 

448 

307 

425 

201 

475 

262 

288 

75 

185 

59 

549 

688 

843 

846 

719 

893 

739 

643 

436 

411 

60 

453 

559 

641 

497 

578 

580 

561 

360 

520 

187 

17,548 

26,«76 
9,328 

25,922 

26,537 
615; 

19,206 

25,126 
5,920 

19,518 
2,523 

16,995 

9,688 

9,979 
291 

44,424 

52,459! 

44,332 

36,513 

19,667 

•Unofficial. 


46 


t  Returns  rejected. 


|  No  election. 


722 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
LOUISIANA.* 


[1869. 


6 

•5 
d 

fc 

COUNTIES. 

1868.t 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Boll, 
Union. 

I?  reck., 
Dem. 

144 
811 

750 
682 
489 
648 
396 
325 
530 
676 
896 
175 
634 
490 
377 
342 
535 
527 
198 
468 
214 
425 
172 
381 
754 

2,645 

312 
267 
626 
1,036 
420 
186 
79 
331 
160 
129 
961 
462 
572 
164 
254 
441 
726 
211 
387 
147 
272 
354 

Douglas, 
Dem, 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 

45 
46 

47 
48 
49 

Ascension  

1,491 

1,387 
520 
1 
1 
1 
9 
28 
1,392 
150 
2 
1,554 

1,125 

1,375 
1,345 
1,385 
1,634 
2,895 
782 
503 
786 
809 
2,952 
201 
1,260 
1,350 
1,411 
1,213 
704 
1,398 
2,222 
1,422 
1,796 
670 
163 
1,525 
1,375 

24,668 

1,101 
273 
896 
1,623 
934 
473 
264 
1,094 
775 
556 
4,787 
1,819 
1,456 
704 
383 
1,296 
1,416 
958 
656 
433 
648 
711 

279 

233 
290 
293 
253 
545 
24 
136 
398 
439 
720 
152 
364 
569 
277 
240 
229 
337 
984 
71 
324 
249 
255 
347 
534 

5,215 

340 
54 

193 
620 
227 
56 
68 
292 
292 
176 
884 
392 
567 
243 
134 
440 
552 
142 
112 
218 
188 
257 

356 

478 

134 
55 
37 

276 

195 
323 

296 
202 
493 
25 
102 
288 
411 
678 
155 
296 
540 
346 
183 
265 
387 
937 
128 
300 
231 
239 
351 
420 
(    5,858 
1       194 
260 
205 
266 
584 
189 
123 
67 
309 
380 
196 
807 
449 
541 
304 
157 
397 
545 
116 
142 
200 
196 
157 

20,709 

479 

837 
584 
706 
475 
458 
296 
308 
441 
448 
852 
135 
510 
593 
464 
264 
517 
538 
122 
453 
753 
391 
210 
332 
588 
2,475 
151 
390 
248 
521 
763 
349 
122 
104 
272 
172 
217 
1,103 
374 
423 
227 
205 
382 
623 
234 
304 
147 
290 
314 

Assumption         

Avoyelfes 

Bienville  

Bossier.          .            

Caddo 

Calcasieu 

Caldwell  

51 

58 
20 
166 
5 
2 
136 
131 
40 
101 
109 
406 
1 
509 
117 
92 
47 
106 

2,998 

148 
127 
71 
98 
45 
39 
16 
18 
108 
87 
21 
88 
49 
132 

84 
2S 
1 

2T 
33 
241 

Carroll                             

Catahoula 

Claiborne    

Concordia                        

De  Soto 

East  Baton  Rouge  
East  Feliciana                  .  .     . 

1,247 
644 

Franklin 

Iberville  

2,088 

Jackson                       

Jefferson 

672 

La  Fayette    

La  Fourche  . 

1,617 
149 
1,453 
1 
1,915 

Livingston  

Madison       

Morehouse 

Natchitoches  

Orleans                     

}  M78 

as2 

1,329 
1,553 
2.176 
2 
1 
1,335 
136 
2,161 
1,274 

Orleans  R  B 

Ouachita         

Plaquemines 

Point  Coupee  

Rapides          

Sabine 

St.  Bernard  

St.  Charles            

St   Helena 

St.  James  

St.  John  Baptist      

St  Landry 

St.  Mary's  

1,142 
28 
470 
1,018 
1,541 
1 

St.  Martin's  
St  Tammany 

Ten^as 

Terre  Bonne  ...               ... 

Union 

Vermillion  

Washington 

West  Baton  Rouge 

585 
1,136 
43 

West  Feliciana  
Winn.  

Total 

33,263 

80,225 
46,962 
113,488 

20,204 

22.681 

2,477 

7,625 
50,510 

22,164 
1,455 

42,873 

Majority  

Aggregate  

*  Louisiana  did  not  vote  in  1864. 

0 

tThe  above  table  shows  the  returns  for  1868,  as  filed  at  the  Secretary  of  State's  office.  The 
parishes  of  Avoyelles,  West  Feliciana,  Franklin,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Orleans,  St.  Bernard,  Sa 
bine,  St.  John  Baptist,  St.  Martin's,  Terrebonne  and  Washington,  were  afterward  thrown  out 
fora  technical  informality,  making  the  legal  official  vote  27,911  for  Grant,  and  41.358  for  Sey 
mour,  giving  the  latter  a  majority  of  13,447,  and  making  the  full  vote  69,269.  This  cave  the 
Republicans  the  Second  Congressional  District,  (the  only  one  carried  by  the  Democrats  at  the 
last  election.)  The  Democrats  gain  the  other  districts.  Mr.  Menard,  the  first  colored  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress,  was  elected  in  the  Second  District,  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 
of  Col.  Mann. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

LOUISIANA. 


("23 


6 

o 

1 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Soott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 

Whig. 

CMS, 
Dem. 

Cl»y, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Dem. 

White, 

Whig. 

Van  Buren 
Dem. 

296 
511 
300 
172 
180 
344 
34 
54 
219 
2SO 
880 
121 
241 
484 
342 
110 
318 
174 
928 
117 
076 
159 
171 
196 
289 
4,663 
67 
190 
151 
242 
401 
237 
130 
101 
209 
321 
202 
692 
390 
479 
254 
120 
197 
435 
136 
125 
220 
190 
57 

360 

553 
387 
313 
248 
342 
221 
158 
261 
310 
506 
86 
288 
485 
443 
192 
426 
341 
943 
277 
135 
337 
147 
137 
407 
4,682 
161 
240 
372 
364 
623 
251 
120 
39, 
246 
158 
160 
568 
243 
298 
208 
107 
37 
465 
126 
258 
118 
302 
138 

288 
469 
299 
114 
17 
281 
41 
90 
268 
320 
221 
188 
149 
400 
349 
124 
429 
127 
717 
108 
739 
144 
283 
178 
384 
5,551 

236 

286 
359 
189 

239 

285 
189 

* 

264 
279 
364 

218 
289 
250 

218 
340 
225 

50 
102 
184 

159 

84 
41 

59 
210 
42 
69 
190 
243 
196 
188 
52 
325 
329 
134 
253 
* 
'"434 
193 
471 
100 
206 
107 
452 
3,026 

103 
155 
128 
194 
221 
304 
375 
95 
150 
399 
419 
158 
235 

'"403 
399 
137 
229 
198 
31 
650 
2,612 

* 

300 
181 
149 
235 
386 
323 
96 
217 
406 
394 
162 
295 
193 
660 
220 
161 
243 
192 
101 
495 
4,579 

t  

$  

u 

98 

259 

114 
231 

54 

66 
26 
91 

'"176 
150 

63 

85 
87 
49 

'"214 
296 

269 
* 

113 

324 
360 
* 

308 

H 

204 

182| 

60 

91 

262 

86 

40 
36 

160 
100 

26 

158 
53 
100 

538 
127 
147 
*. 

'667 
2,681 

44| 
207 

111 

'"eio 

1,748 

174 
676 

98 
665 

168 
187 
288 
383 
246 
124 
135 
169 
431 
228 
754 
470 
456 
275 
177 
a53 
307 
430 
158 
255 
232 
* 

176 
350 
370 
543 
271 
89 
35 
188 
117 
128 
878 
166 
240 
183 
111 
129 
237 
52 
190 
109 
261 

106 
37 
174 
419 
255 
185 
96 
154 
351 
142 
789 
352 
479 
169 
157 
265 
206 
176 
127 
209 
243 

206 
1,007 
175 
586 
383 
84 
42 
222 
181 
113 
406 
142 
303 
199 
108 
164 
213 
104 
230 
104 
308 

243 
40 
147 
475 
* 

iso 

250 
139 
382 

99 

9 
40 
175 

129 

44 
51 
120 

173 
69 
172 
379 
183 
886 
308 
463 
204 
# 

'"sis 

74 
* 

91 
33 

238 
37 
45 
434 
87 
103 
80 

10 
1 
60 
45 

'"384 
142 
109 
60 

25 
33 

264 
22 
4 
165 
63 
36 
194 

20 
76 

95 

50 

150 
133 
253 

134' 

84 
286 

37 

80 
98 

183 
28 
153 

17,255 

18,647 
1,392 
35.902 

18,217 
2,847 

15,370 
33,587 

13,083 

13,782 
699 
26,865 

11,296 
3,680 

7,616 
18,912 

3,383 

3,653 
270 
7,036 

tWithNatchitoches. 


*  New  Parishes. 
$  With  St.  Landry. 


I  No  return. 


724 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

MICHIGAN. 


[1869. 


8 

««                   COUNTIES. 

6 

fc 

1868. 

1864. 

18604 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

McClel'n, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Fusion, 
Dem. 

Fremont, 
Rep. 

Bueban'n 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

1  '  Alle^an            

3,556 
321 
245 
2,923 
1,176 
3,993 

2,351 
217 

43 
1,557 
1,081 
3,268 
2,024 
3,200 
1,926 
150 

1,861 
116 

71 
1,652 
462 
2,554 
3,035 
3,742 
1,765 
23 
46 
1,524 
24 
1.848 
'  75 
2,743 
375 
571 
3,805 
380 
360 
1,792 
2,205 
57 
215 
3.002 
3.151 
3,398 
295 
1,464 
2:35 
4,780 
1,604 
530 
2.041 
145 
11 

1,543 

s 

1,022 
584 
2,307 
1,465; 
8,526 
l,435j 
'64 
124 
1,411) 
31 
1,369 
141 
2,003! 
83' 
366 
1,725 
978 
337! 
1,796 
1,383 
43 
83 
2,909; 
2,101 
2,966 
391 
1,247| 
146J 
3,632i 
1,983; 
185, 
2,177 

70  : 

135 

1,896 

82 

1,544 

28 

1,526 

1,027 

29 

2  Alpena  

3  \ntrim     

'"49 

'"i32 
14 
122 

41 

'"it 

4  Barry 

1,901 
311 
2,620 
3,074 
4,072 
2,068 
20 
64 
1,569 
* 

2,135 
30 
2,832 
407 
496 
3,749 

1,038 
324 
2,337 
1,558 
2,449 
1,624 
74 
89 
1,273 

1,495 

'  1,926 
2,608 
3,495 
1,703 

til! 

1,358 

872 

'  i',540 
1,322 
2,151 
1,165 

'  i',034 

5  Bay        

f>  Berricn              

7  Branch 

3,964 
5,048 
2,471 
59 

8  Calhoun  

9  Cass 

10  Cheboygan  

11  C'lippewa          

l->  Clinton 

2,586 
156 
8,088 
135 
4,241 
992 
1,240 
4,891 
708 
698 
3,004 
3,503 
281 
529 
4.034 
4.073 
5,412 
377 
2,386 
437 
6,205 
2,238 
43 
2,791 
656 
51 
805 
401 
775 
126 
406 
2.529 
1,520 
1.4:33 
917 
4,738 
1,080 
227 
2.441 
3.360 
1,308 

1,942 
161 
2,036 
198 
2,680 
167 
749 
2,113 
1,160 
477 
2,511 
2,140 
177 
360 
3.630 
2,951 
3,839 
411 
1,641 
219 
4,623 
2,409 
119 
2,668 
282 
117 
718 
241 
352 
66 
217 
2,914 
833 
780J 
397 
4,442 
405 
301 
1,851 
2,761 
559 

13  Delta  
14  Eaton                 

1,328 
168 
1,920 
198 
314 
1,719 

1,888 

1,228 

15 

15  •  Emmet  

1(5  Gencsoe        

2,635 
157 
388 
3,446 
201 

'  i',849 
2,002 

'  2,996 
2,803 
2,931 

1,538 
243 
136 
1,408 
398 

'  i',534 
1,154 

'  2,il8 
1,620 
2,516 

110 
2 

37 
1 

'  'S5 

22 

17  :  Grand  Traverse 

18  Gratiot  

19iHillsdale  
iO  Hou^hton 

21  Huron  
"22  In^hani 

299 
2,181 
2,231 
20 
123 
3,396 
3,230 
3,t>47 

209 
1,838 
1,294 
41 
131 
2,596 
2,031 
2,540 

03  Ionia 

24  losco  
'25  '  Isabella 

'  '  '-in 

50 
93 

•>6i  Jackson  
'27  i  Kalamazoo 

AS  'Kent  

29JKeweenaw  
30;Lapeer  

1,762 

'  5,680 
2.075 
41 
2,5:34 
126 
56 

1,222 

1,579 

995 

si 

'"itVi 

18 

'"so 

31;Leelanaw  
32  Lenawee  
'53  Livingston  

3,510 
2,003 
39 
2,166 
58 
67 

4,499 
1,765 

2,779 
1,711 

.'54  Mackinac  
•55  Macomb 

2,210 

1,845 

?J6Manistee  
37  Manitou 

38  Marquette  .  . 

79 
32 

77 
12 

i'O 


39  Mason  
40  Mecosta 

i43 
143 
58 
208 
1,659 
595 
654 
406 
3,709 
356 
252 
1,345 
1,731 
753 

88; 
97! 

23' 
101! 
2,331: 
443 
366 

242; 

3,816 
177 
454! 
1.536 

1,900 

sis; 

89 
109 

* 

"157 
2,282 
565 
502 
364 
4,411 
192 
331 
1,414 
1,479 
899 

49 
5 

51  Menominee  
42  Midland 

I     ' 

43 
2,165 
361 
241 
207 
3,768 
158 
300 
1,217 
1,206 
396 

169 

1,777 
414 

'  4,105 

82 

43 
1,703 
265 

o 

34 

7 

43  Monroe  

44  Montcalm  

45  Murfkegon 

46  Newaygo  
47  Oakland  
48  Oceana 

3,276 
21 

71 

49  Ontonagou  
50  Ottawa         

1,392 
1,042 
803 

998 
1,222 
201 

39 
17 
1 

'"36 
21 
12 
4 
34 
109 
205 

51  Saginaw 

52  Sanilac    

53  Schoolcraft 

54  Shiawassee  

2,406 
3.060 
3,562 
1.623 
3^652 
4,463 
9,207 

1,783 
2,706  i 
2,490 
630 
2,256 
4,496 
10,274 

1,412 

1,808 
2,681 
798 
1,985 
3.632 
5,946 
9,402 

1,283 
2,063 
1,796 
401 
1,400 
3.836: 
7,670 
2,959  : 

1,606 
2,589 
2.832 
'747 
2,175 
4,286 
7,325 

1,221 
1,955 
1,980 
350 
1,274 
3,630 
6,701 

1,304 
1,807 
2,324 
442 
1,710 
3,570 
5,250 

1,105 
1,521 
1,475 
242 
1,031 
2,8&3 
5,777 

55;st.  Clair  
56  St  Joseph 

57  Tuscola  
58  Van  Buren 

59  Washtenaw  ... 

60  Wayne  
Soldiers'  Vote     . 

Total  .. 

128,550    97,069 
31,4811 
1225,6191 

91,521    74,6041 
16,917  i 
1166,125 

88,480 
28,488 

65,057 
153.537 

71,762 
17,966 

52,136 

1,6(50 
125,558 

i    Majority     ...               i 

!    Aggregate  

$Bell  received  405.  and  Breckenridge  805  votes. 
*  New  Counties.  t  No  return. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
MICHIGAN. 


725 


1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Fierce,     j     Hale, 
Dem.       Free  Soil. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

CMS, 
Dem. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Birney, 
Abolition. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

V  Buren, 
Dem. 

j      547 

582 

66 

274 

304 

174 

323 

299 

11 

257 

174 

92 

j      478 

i',6i7 

'  1.077 

1,784 
987 
* 

it".!! 

652 

'  i',234 
1,380 
1,824 
984 

107 

'"4i 

202 
440 
95 

243 

"953 
665 
1,254 
783 

381 

i',147 

1,084 
1,487 
902 

93 

'"io8 

400 
745 
191 

'"isi 

228 

'  7i3 
644 
1,857 

760 

'"54 
255 

249 

16 

128 

105 



828 
888 
1,528 
715 

35 

89 
226 
59 

549 
543 
1,143 
670 

543; 

616; 

1,169, 
527 

3 

408 
23 
m.  360 

51 

213 

43 
340 

40 
283 

22 

221 

46 

144 

470 
"687 

221 

,417 

437 

146 

19 

786 

225 

356 

546 

218 

410 

376 
"676 

61 

337 

229 

1,145 

301 

376 

823 

315 

733 

183 

512 

380 

91 

123 

'  l",596 

391 

1,027 

1,290 

482 

958 

1,084 

2Jo| 

843 

721 

7 

179 

'780 
659 

"'992'  "'i'28 

864  1       302 

'  

"473 
379 

"692 
608 

] 

332 

477 

432 

418 

4*1 

398 

45  i 
59 

254 
266 

261 
219 

353 

355 

1,727 
1,374 
1,321 

1,8401        484 
1.257;        411 
1,519         168 

969 
1,010 
652 

1,547 

880 
768 

"542 

1,072 
493 
337 

'"260 

1,302 
932 
476 

"399 

1,389 
828 
564 

475 
276; 
33 

1,504 
954 
319 

1,1211 
744 
320 

\ 

m.  213 

618 

819 

142 

3G9 

i',886 
764 
51 
855 

502 

2,272 
1,030 
100 
1,359 

88 

"'22s: 

108 

'"146 

491 

413 

57 

129 

2,419 
931 
38 
1,058 
* 

2,857 
1,419 
292 
1,634 

640 
133 

'"569 

2,171 
1,128 
127 
1,340 

795 
2tfO 

'"264 

2,177 
687 
43 
963 

2,ii8 

700 
85 
982 

1,865 
842 
79 
1,124 

261 

73 

558 
142 

43 

400 

* 

* 

I'iia 

120 

i,582|        169 
156            6 

800 

1,155 

398 

870 

1,283 

48 

939 

1,023 

1,147 

2 

40 
2,376 

* 
# 

'363 
367 
106 
* 

'M9 
852 

1,164 
80 
613 
2,274 
3,407 

104 
3,178 

'  '  952 

'"m 

552 

1,942 

2,781 

693 

2,225 

2,833 

377 

2,372 

2,366 

756 
694 
252 

'"584 
1,110 
1,259 
63 

771 

2,604 
4,680 

59 
73 

142 

118 

269 
183 

53 

47 

m.  42 
107 

"io4 

17  ! 
2 

81 
89 

88 
100 



65 

'52 
53 
252 
34 
87 
603 
368 

'281 
665 
963 

"353 

2,029 
2,544 

"426 
814 
1,011 

"509 
2,081 
3,308 

192 

82 
418 

300 
569 
935 

269 
617 

978 

96 
27 

84 

283 
517 
800 

151 
446 
761 

maj.'43 

117 
917 
420 

273 
2,347 
2,345 

S50 
2,549 
2,737 

46 

386 
192 

182 
2,526 
2,246 

25i 

2,057 
2,237 

"it* 

'  i",636 
1,578 

33,859 

41,842 
746 

7,237 

82,938 

23,940 

30,687 

6,747 

10,389 
65,016 

24,337 

27,759 
3,422 

3,632 

55,728 

22.9.33 

1,802 

21,131 
44,064 

4,045 

7,332 
3,287 
11,377 

*New  Counties. 


t  No  return. 


$WithIngham. 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

ALABAMA.* 


[1869. 


a 
* 

•A 

i 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
.33 
34 
.35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Bell, 

Union. 

Breck., 
Dem. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

Autauga  

1,805 

283 
3,168 
492 

851 

676 
2,210 
732 

256 

'"644 
582 

611 

392 

475 

621 

Baine    

Barbour                 

1,715 

613 

6 
155 

857 
479 

1,445 
539 

Bibb 

Benton    

Baldwin                     

558 
275 
2,103 
724 
600 

673 

461 
1,634 
1,823 
1,274 
574 
1,443 
913 
1,155 
619 
390 
957 
1,113 
896 
843 
1,241 
1,214 
1^205 
1,779 
360 
1,107 
619 
434 
869 
866 
1,305 

248 
65 

129 
698 

81 
488 

219 
37 

144 

770 

Blount 

Bullock  

Butler                   

1,079 
364 
416 
918 
527 
255 

918 
2,347 
404 
1,017 
1,706 
952 

111 
54 
12 
157 
223 
77 

792 
443 
288 
967 
455 
222 

777 
1,687 
304 
1,141 
1,537 
754 

Calhoun 

Covinrrton 

Chambers      

1,105 
167 

582 
256 
403 
635 
925 
843 
75 
39 
90 
346 
7,137 
492 
1,262 
90 
202 
2,927 
3,297 
410 

Cherokee  . 

Clarke 

Clay             

Cleburne 

'"706 
472 
338 
394 

'  '  '936 
542 

358 
878 

'"844 
158 
205 

Coosa  

802 
404 
408 
301 

1,167 
643 
425 
703 

Choctaw        

Conecuh 

Coffee  

Colbert               

Crenshaw  .  . 

Dale  

277 
620 
204 

1,280 
833 
849 

f 

339 
202 

419 
676 
130 

945 

831 

900 

i',056 
799 
694 

Dallas 

De  Kalb 

Elmore  

Franklin 

715 
359 
765 

902 
1,299 
696 

460 
37 
157 

711 

440 
784 

Fayette  

Greene  

Hale 

Henry  

317 

1,109 

471 

966 

Hancock         

Jackson 

539 
420 
692 
378 
1,650 
355 
3,339 
2,793 
519 
1,5:35 
58 
f 

1,581 
538 
1,312 
1,436 
1,727 
1,177 
1,171 
1,879 
673 
2,156 
1,196 

130 

245 
525 
444 

'"368 
592 
512 
144 
400 
446 
197 
165 
1,034 
1,629 
1,210 
791 
1,227 
619 
854 
567 

1,760 
831 
370 
706 

565 

77 
576 
790 

97 
196 
631 
555 

1,790 
697 
699 
1,141 

Jefferson    

Lawrence 

Lauderdale  .  .  , 

Lee  
Limestone 

522 

1,007 
838 
549 
591 
550 
980 
441 
1,555 
1,541 
1,184 
892 
1,581 
1,211 
993 
1,734 

325 
57 
63 
545 
1,300 
222 
62 
763 
133 
1,823 
46 
99 
84 
16 
53 
343 

281 
703 
5(57 
222 
401 
469 
198 
89 
1,158 
1,771 
1,239 
824 
1,178 
669 
855 
683 

790 
699 
789 
808 
1,476 
604 
700 
883 
1,100 
1,838 
1,039 
808 
1,262 
1,037 
994 
1,460 

Lowndes  

Marengo        .         .   . 

Morgan 

Madison  

Monroe 

Marion  .  . 

Marshall  

422 
6,770 
5,200 
2,327 
3,733 
256 
531 
1,745 
678 
164 
799 
632 
2,516 
1,167 
1,771 
340 
282 
104 
3,396 
284 

615 
2,319 
6,658 
1,075 
1,336 
1,813 
1,497 
1,230 
625 
544 
839 
429 
1,469 
1,383 
1,212 
2,083 
289 
17 
1,484 
39 

Montgomery    . 

Mobile  

Macon  
Perry        

Pike 

Pickens  

Russell 

Randolph 

Sanford  

Shelby                

570 
174 
473 
1,023 
1,091 
1,270 
103 
155 
355 
40 

853 
963 
682 
1,219 
1,307 
1,451 
446 
176 
833 
203 

186 
240 
136 
23 
74 
298 
303 
24 
113 
147 

468 
&3 
532 
973 
896 
1,276 
146 
152 
446 
14 

787 
818 
703 
680 
1,134 
1,478 
4-49 
194 
813 
221 

St  Clair 

Sumter      

Tuscaloosa                   

Talladega 

Tallapoosa       

Walker 

Washington  

Wilcox         

Winston 

Total  .  . 

76,366 
4,280 

72,086 
148.452 

27,875 

48,831 
20,95(i 

13,651 
90,357 

28,552 

46.739 

18.187 
75.291 

Majority 

Aggregate  

*  Alabama  did  not  vote  in  1864. 


tNo  election. 


1809.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

ALABAMA. 


727 


8 

o 
6 

to 

i 

2 

3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

1840. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 

Whig. 

CMS, 
Dem. 

Clay, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Dem. 

Tan  Buren 
Dem. 

White, 
Whig. 

196 

'  '  '297 
238 
74 
62 
55 

322 

553 

471 

475 

633 

591 

574 

565 

609 

309 
346 
918 
72 
422 

1,205 
474 
566 
100 
134 

614 
416 
1,272 

ias 

526 

1,113 
450 
373 
149 
84 

860 
596 
1,382 
120 

774 

1,028 
583 
482 
137 
105 

642 

478 
1,248 
118 
720 

291 
297 
637 
74 
480 

320 
97 

287 
43 
55 

345 

251 

772 

277 

666 

405 

710 

274 

143 

341 

52 
668 
242 
98 

117 
616 
735 
479 

248 
1,323 
630 
120 

92 

689 
921 
327 

148 
1,158 
356 
232 

139 
936 
955 
631 

188 
1,039 
377 
230 

65 

678 
759 
596 

27 

62 

180 
386 

242 
143 

294 
227 
216 
113 

709 
334 
287 
239 

626 

883 

400 

796 

316 

'  '  '541 

539 

""269 

130 

55 

426 
192 

231 
174 

441 
142 

277 
314 

88 

285 



162 
386 
136 

406 
440 
501 

368 
860 

257 

555 
618 
650 

209 
864 
207 

616 
722 
700 

367 
1,024 
157 

672 
689 
771 

457 

378 

916 

42 

462 

81 
694 

993 
516 
655 

510 
272 
1,088 

795 
841 
712 

498 
153 
1,090 

1,079 
796 
819 

637 
203 
1,366 

903 
819 

788 

593 
580 
672 

397 
96 
1,116 

"'iis 

94 
9 

83 
114 
512 
441 

184 
65 
1,154 
339 

5881 
803 

504 
* 

'"136 
288 
663 
695 

496 

367 

546 

325 

391 

131 

656 

772 

87 
264 
469 
474 

1,751 
585 
783 
919 

57 
315 
649 
645 

2,147 

582 
782 
987 

1,026 
538 
600 
917 

89 
230 
564 

415 

227 
126 
450 
208 
354 
264 
118 
111 
717 
1,123 
772 
261 
379 
568 
434 
90 

662 
186 
526 

482 
1,300; 
260 
467 

1,380 
658 
512 
703 
752 
522 
707 

374 
761 
739 
361 
4(55 
479 
193 
246 
1,176 
1,319 
1,464 
826 
935 
1,044 
970 
461 

833 
434 
553 
335 
1,385 
216 

708 
669 
1,073 
532 
631 
663 
931 
577| 
770 

325 

710 
726 
271 
357 
567 
120 
162 
1,016 
1.403 
1,087 
169 
862 
892 
736 
288 

965 
678 
634 
682 
1,720 
a59 
638 
875 
836 
1,347 
626 
849 
768 
967 
624 
747 

356 
896 
842 
358 
393 
646 
196 
142 
1,134 
1,481 
731 
973 
653 
1,062 
691 
279 

897 
522 
595 
804 
1,985 
361 
535 
924 
811 
1,121 
338 
825 
627 
779 
404 
624 

715 
316 
422 
568 
1,678 
307 
300 
539 
723 
866 
34 
290 
304 
432 
40 
56 

319 
870 
523 
476 
426 
447 
142 
101 
943 
739 
150 
827 
313 
469 
154 
63 

317 
44 
482 
527 
372 
351 
54 
52 
286 

315 
455 
497 
475 
672 
845 
217 
65 
398 

557 
150 
820 
976 
869 
972 
231 
72 
639 

368 
456 
771 
694 
820 
920 
383 
85 
479 

511 
46 
927 
902 
633 
728 
170 
273 
525 

472 
644 
1,061 
961 
861 
705 
442! 
279 
629 

573 
42 

1,308 
1,276 
669 
412 
244 
263 
778 

407 
679 
1,180 
938 
788 
436 
367 
277 
437 

198 
464 
631 
841 
413 
63 
110 
166 
242 

345 
26 

789 
.731 
376 
98 
76 
90 
60T 

15,038 

26,881 
11,843 
41,919 

30,482 

31,363 
881 
61,845 

26,084 

37,740 
11,656 
63,824 

1  28,471 

as,99i 

5,520 
62,462 

20,506 
4,894 

15,613 
36,118 

*New  Counties. 


728 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
ARKANSAS.* 


[1869. 


3 
•s 

1 
i 

2 
3 
4 

5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
28 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44. 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
62 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

I860. 

1856. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Brock., 
Dem. 

DougUs, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buchanan, 
Dem. 

Arkansas  . 

663 
+  
174 
J 

555 
"'22' 

417 

422 
328 
440 
204 
368 
253 
500 
716 
326 
374 
257 
198 

426 

604 
702 
633 
398 
791 
231 
804 

&39 

549 
244 
88 
319 

55 

13 
253 
36 
28 
26 
28 
32 
138 
52 
357 
173 
20 

224 

"'75' 
343 
56 
184 
157 
192 
504 
147 
161 

•K  "..'.. 

226 

"'753' 
398 
291 
655 
165 
528 
676 
408 
371 

Ashley  

Benton                   .            .... 

Bradley 

Calhoun  
Carroll                              

33 

304 
920 

597 
± 

466 
535 
148 
623 

Chicot 

Clark  
Columbia                           

Conway 

?    434 

486 
229 
$ 

309 
391 
310 

Crittenden                  

Craighead 

Cross  

Dallas 

158 
244 
404 
33 
347 
t 

373 

581 
337 
1,292 
343 

371 
312 
560 
283 

as 

60 
675 
237 
893 
271 
722 
600 
210 
290 
474 

"'iw' 

232 
176 

286 
60 
67 
779 
82 
606 
51 
102 
11 
396 
651 
899 

513 

287 
772 
666 
252 
328 
762 
451 
722 
524 
762 
664 
780 
486 
906 

"'626' 
527 
83 
301 
360 
315 
929 
149 
619 
294 
253 
254 
663 
673 
819 

55 
115 
84 
44 
56 
48 
208 
45 
281 
128 
53 
442 
14 
11 
92 

"'72' 
64 
90 
50 
4 
19 
82 
50 
62 
77 
53 
28 
12 
113 
172 

218 
225 
192 
116 

51 

"'415' 
131 
612 
94 
436 
381 
113 
120 
282 

ass 

334 
377 
449 
210 

"'eio' 

478 
860 
495 
591 
515 
453 
170 
717 

Desha  

Drew  
Franklin 

Fulton  

Greene                

f 

Hemp^tead 

1,156 

± 

654 

Hot  Sprin"1  

Independence 

566 
136 

158 
2,258 
294 
i 

677 
487 
777 
517 
136 

Izard  

Jackson  

Jefferson 

Johnson  
Lafayette 

Lawrence  

L. 

Little  River  

22 
415 
105 

\ 

267 
70 
54 

Madison 

79 
126 
121 
129 
45 
32 
501 
44 
464 
47 
73 

619 
393 
188 
233 
353 
132 
701 
125 
526 
296 
248 

Marion  
Mississippi 

Monroe 

543 
242 
228 

561 
129 
2,676 
306 
46 
77 
452 
275 
3,325 

455 
48 
78 
756 
110 
710 
1:35 
143 
251 
467 
756 
1,026 

Montgomery  

Newton 

Ouachita  

Perry                      

Phillips 

Pike  

Poinsett 

Polk 

Pope  
Prairie 

163 

229 
566 
67 
213 
98 
61 
392 
236 
308 

568 
393 
739 
416 
40-4 
215 
303 
302 
523 
498 

Pulaski  

Randolph  

Saline 

*'"& 

326 
384 

660 

± 

663 
158 
83 
431 

337 
159 
197 
544 
861 
414 

556 
363 
276 
575 
754 
416 

48 
73 
117 
319 
106 
281 

Scott  

Searcy  
Sebastian 

Sevier  :  

St.  Francis  
Sharp  

?    385 
%" 

440 

Union  
Van  Buren 

124 
60 
641 

f  

1,396 
331 
95 
270 

663 

248 
881 

682 

757 
504 
1,028 
602 

78 
51 
244 
140 

516 

78 
367 
201 

626 
305 
917 
403 

Washington  

White  
Woodruff... 

Yell       

477 

352 

309 

533 

65 

147 

383 

Total 

22,152 
3,074 

19,078 
41,230 

20,094 

28,732 
8,638 

5,227 
54,053 

10,787 

21,910 
11,123 
32,697 

Aggregate  

*  Arkansas  did  not  vote  in  1864. 

%  Vote  not  allowed. 


t  New  County. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

ARKANSAS. 


729 


a 

0 

d 

* 
i 

2 
3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
'28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
85 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
4-1 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 

1852. 

1848. 

1844. 

184O. 

1836. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

CUy, 
Whig. 

Polk, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Whig. 

Van  Buren, 
Dem. 

White, 

Whig. 

Von  Burea 
Dem. 

120 
88 
91 
188 
52 
124 
85 
136 

140 

146 
334 
180 
151 
333 
118 
205 

80 
t  

74 

80 

93 

120 

78 

82 

38 

90 
227 
t  
139 
146 
193 

290 
124 

'  '  '261  ' 
110 
223 

96 
144 

351 

154 

72 

245 

T  

68 
191 
119 

223 

43 

87 

"'si' 

"'43' 

210 

174 

158 
217 

110 
153 
95 

259 
236 
97 

149 
345 
104 

171 
457 

68 

167 

385 
109 

288 
565 
129 

177 
335 
95 

201 
347 

71 

48 
119 
27 

28 

109 

38 

150 
185 
118 
106 
18 
94 
298 
125 
452 
69 
292 
224 
193 
148 
299 

194 
199 
135 
224 
77 
211 
362 
269 
612 
22(5 
335 
306 
384 
170 
417 

203 
208 
198 

265 
149 
249 

'  '  93  ' 
46 
330 
178 
408 

'"235" 
177 
350 
98 
291 

t... 

127 

t 

55 

173 

78 

146 

261 

§  

52 
13 
375 
141 
422 
* 

'  194  ' 
195 
194 
85 
239 

37 
314 
120 

278 

'  '  '124  ' 

130 
141 
31 
112 

206 
359 
237 
335 

'  '  184  ' 
147 
431 
70 
267 

18 
210 
55 
370 
79 
107 
173 
160 
43 
138 

105 
251 
103 
198 
174 
143 
109 
324 
25 
214 

"'83' 
5 
113 
15 

48 
48 
40 

"'sT 

"'iio' 

11 

134 

87 
56 
50 
107 

'  '  '82' 

76 
40 
44 
57 
28 
8 
452 
15 
383 
40 
48 
17 
183 
78 
285 
32 
137 
23 
75 
180 
50 
172 

274 
137 

88 
92 
111 
79 
496 
33 
378 
163 
132 
94 
325 
170 
419 
95 
277 
83 
197 
283 
126 
307 

87 
49 
118 
113 

t 

214 

49 
110 

98 

63 

366 

135 

21 
90 
124 

253 

112 
73 
44 

92 

73 

35 

17 

a 

571 
29 

"67 

44 
17 
240 
41 
438 
50 
147 
61 

54 

428 
30 

'  '  133  ' 
116 
59 
292 
111 
455 
129 
244 
180 

16 
220 
& 

280 

140 

184 
65 
276 

238 
23 
4 

'  '  183  ' 

247 
87 
130 

'  '  263  ' 

65 
"'46' 

96 
"'93' 

29 

'  '  241  ' 
t  

171 

'  '  308  ' 

438 
59 
130 
35 

528 
341 
219 
167 

606 
45 
142 
32 

496 
252 
185 

112 

maj  50 

191 
17 
52 

234 
138 
81 

t... 
103 
208 

195 
260 

114 

99 

301 
269 

'  '  409  ' 
121 
729 
123 

76 

82 

197 

246 

34 

18 

67 

108 

884 

# 

'  326  ' 
97 

'  '  'l66  ' 

531 

'  '  495  ' 
139 

553 
95 
377 

48 

635 
136 

480 
60 

214 
46 

378 
95 

124 
23 
422 

82 

173 
151 
620 
46 

"'4' 
1.33 
29 

'"io" 

622 

17 

325 

137 

7,588 

186 

80 

249 

*   * 

7,404 

12,173 

4,769 
19,577 

9,300 
1,712 

16,888  i 

5,587 

9,546 
3,959 
15,133 

5,160 

6,766    1,238 
1,606 
11.926  : 

2,400 
1,162 
3,638 

*  No  returns.  t  New  Counties.  \  Informal.  i|  With  Hot  Spring. 

§  Vote  rejected  for  infonnality ;  the  vote  was  60  majority  for  Van  Buren.  ^  Not  formed. 


730 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

TEXAS.* 


a 

«H 

O 

j[ 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

COUNTIES. 

186O.J 

1856. 

1852. 

1848. 

Fusion, 

Breck., 
Dem. 

FiUmore, 
Am. 

Qnchftn'n 
Dem. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

Cass, 
Dem. 

Anderson  

113 

911 

325 

612 

150 
28 

7 

41  2  ! 

56 
22 
I 

83 

29 
45 

229 

52 
175 

Angelina  

•Vta^cosa                    

58 
120 
12 

230 

t... 

87 

358; 

9 
403  1 

157 

395 

Banderah          

Bastrop 

184 
2 
102 
293 

433 
33 

486 
986 
23 
226 

94 

243 

42 

191 

Bee  

Bell                       

151 
318 

f 

312 

747 

26 
299 

157 
804 

f 

Bexar 

189 

332 

Bosque               

49 

20 
88 
74 
74 
t  

64 

171 
225 
56 

Brazoria  

'"366 

43 
9 

143' 
34 

83 

172 

33 

Brazos       

65 

Brown  

Burleson  

168 
76 
196 

"*ii 

123 

352 

t... 

261 
141 
395 
m.    35 
40 
492 
581 

19 

103 
21 
235 
125 

9 
t  

27 
71 

6-4 

'"99 

76 

Burnett 

Caldwell 

m.324 
315 

104 

84 
94 

Calhoun        

86 
11 

Comanche  

Cameron  

242 
30 

329 

75 

Cass                   

107 

228 

Chambers  

Cherokee  .         

198 
420 

307 

1,033 
690 
513 

514 
302 
1:33 
26 

845 
564 
253 
284 
58 
118 
603 
308 
253 
239 
m.1022 

248 
58 
30 
6 
5 

696 
135 
92 
112 
14 

110 
43 
20 
14 

302 
99 
68 
105 

Collin 

Colorado  

Comal                   

Cook 

Coryell     

27 
160 
115 
83 

127 
591 
483 
491 

69 
245 
132 
108 
176 

Dallas                   .            .... 

122 

283 
37 

57 
7 
16 
t  

209 
46 
81 

Denton     

DeWitt  
Ellis 

'  '  "43 

90 

El  Paso    

Erath                  

Falls  

87 

153 
m.  475 
745 
283 
528 
885 

74 
238 
399 
136 
114 
314 
25 
135 
363 
182 
260 
258 

158 
557 
560 
196 
341 
431 
115 
93 
510 
415 
323 
859! 

68 
165 
31 
8 
141 
2 

208 
341 
86 
138 
324 
74 

'"269 
198 
142 
154 

88 
92 
39 
t  
71 

245 
175 
135 

'"76 

Fayette 

442 
24 
69 

205 

Fort  Bend  

Freestone            

Galveston 

Gillespie  

Goliad           .          ... 

120 
647 

27 
58 
47 
53 
31 

34 
92 
134 
186 
72 

Gonzalcs 

215 

120 

58 
53 
68 

Grayson  

Grimes  

Guadalupe 

Hamilton  

Hardin             

;; 

Harris 

m.  600 
634 
122 

449 
505 

128 
77 

645 
565! 
130! 
292' 
169| 
175| 
530i 
400: 
392 
93 

195 
283 
21 
23 

48 

468 
402 
55 

18 

289 
364 
12 
42 

f 

443 
381 
43 

68 

Harrison  
Hays               .            .... 

345 
111 

Henderson  

Hidalgo     

Hill                         

131 

238 
170 
138 
88 
f 

'   " 

29 
46 
19 
33 

116 
125 
121 
90 

70 
24 
11 
13 

227 
161 
66 
64 

Houston    

Hunt                       

196 

630 

Jackson 

Jack          

Jasper                    

88 

268 

99 
49 
79 
119 

issi 

109| 
186! 
103 

30 

121 

53 

113 

Jefferson 

Johnson      

131 

581 

...... 

jKarncs  

*  Texas  did  not  vote  in  1864  and  1868.  t  New  Counties. 

$  Owing  to  the  rebellion,  a  complete  vote  by  counties  was  never  given. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
TEXAS. — Continued. 


731 


8 

«H 

o 

£ 

COUNTIES. 

1860. 

1856. 

1852. 

1848. 

Fusion, 
Bell,  etc. 

Breck., 

Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buchan'n 
Dem. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Dem.' 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

CaB3, 
Dem. 

65 
66 
67 

68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 
90 
91 
9° 
93 
94 
95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 
117 
118 
119 
120 
121 

Kaufman  

169 

663 

63 
* 

191 

Kerr 

Larnar 

235 
61 
116 
235 
103 
119 
if 

555 

77 
160 
337 
180 
101 

57 

189 

186 

358 

Lampasas    

'"596 

Lavaca 

110 

33 

48 
40 

38 

85! 
124; 

87 
176 

13 
26 
68 

40 

34 
142 
144 
154 

Leon  

Liberty 

Limestone  

44 
11 

550 
136 

Live  Oak     

Llano 

23 

55 

Marion 

McLennan 

200 
26 

450 
232 

201 
125 
43 
39 
196 

293 
113 
111 
136i 
211 

5 

45 

* 

Madison 

Mata^orda  .  .  . 

30 
2 
56 

74 

42j 
119 

69 

'"38 

79 
45 
119 

Medina 

41 

148 
maj.65 

Milan  

Montague  . 

Montgomery  

113 

263 

163 
182 
88 
210 

179 
557 
138 
300 
m.  128i 
73 

74 
79 
16 
89 
21 
23 

i20 
312 
111 
220 
52 
39 

59 
97 
20 
44 
66 
* 

163 
313 
56 
124 
56 

Nacooxloches  ....        

Newton 

Navarro  

178 

572 

Nueces.   . 

Orange  

60 

* 

Palo  Pinto  

Panola 

135 
# 

458 

43 

194 

Parker  
Polk 

105 
62 
262 

455 
562 

458 

71 
235 
37 
96 
659 
80 
72 

285 
288 
83 
222 
1,157 
118 
182 
maj.49' 

75 
86 

157 
233 

56 
177 

107 
344 

Red  River  

Refuoio       

Robertson 

io 

193 

151 
1,019 

53 
242 
13 
29 

95 

590 
81 

158 
30 

5 
202 
38 
70 
5 

57 
455 
181 
234 
26 

Rusk  

Sabine 

San  Augustine  

San  Patricio  

San  Saba 

21 
77 
370 
17 
92 
257 
467 
100 

'"255 
22 

48 
117 
343 

481 

48 
309 
810 
374 
490 
502 
551 
161 

'683 
18 
223 
141 
387 
654 
m.  382 
76 

Shelby  

19 

106 

99 
57 

336 
144 

Smith         

Starr 

68 
11 
100 
118 
3 
5 
137 

76 
61 
240 
370 
17 
52 
361 

Tarrant  
Titus 

190 

615 

* 

123 
29 
* 

296 
219 

Travis  

422 

588 

Trinity  

Tyler 

9 

529 

Upshur..  . 

Uvalrtc       

10 

52 

Van  Zandt 

5 
9 
72 
121 
16 
17 

43 
96 

228 
519 
117 
59 

26 

87 
119 
123 

• 

68 
80 
207 
373 

Victoria  .  .  . 

74 

160 
171 

258 
474 
908 

Walker      

Washington 

Webb  

Wharton    

20 

206 

40 

26 

51 

Wilson  

Williamson  

226 

493 
m.'sOO 

240 
11 
124 
11 

307 
67 
335 
39 

62 

143 

16 

41 

Wise       

Wood 

15 

42 

*  

Young  

Zapata  

Total  

15,110 

47,547 
32,437 
62,657 

15,639 

81,169 
15,530 

40.808 

4,995 

13,552 

8,557j 
18,547 

4,509 

10,668 
6,159 
15,177 

Majority              

Abrogate  

*  New  Counties. 


732 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

OREGON.* 


[1869. 


a 

•s 

1 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

I860. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

Fusion, 
Democrat. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

Baker 

335 
536 
673 
120 
80 
228 
83 
755 
343 
537 
158 
659 
1,006 
1,534 
1,280 
570 
64 
313 

497 
549 
592 
95 
109 
162 
35 
648 
355 
769 
191 
775 
1,230 
1,019 
1,162 
558 
39 
557 

Ben  ton  

Clackamas                                     .  .   . 

213 

410 
68 
62 

525 

504 
67 

81 

Clatsop 

Columbia  
Coos 

Curry      

Douglas  
Grant 

322 

813 

Jackson     

377 
253 
507 
582 
598 
571 
191 
11 

1,160 
580 
727 
985 
666 
630 
619 
21 

Josephine  
Lane 

Linn         

Marion  
Multnoniah 

Polk                

Tillamook 

Umatilla  

Umpqua           ' 

151 

147 

Union 

300 
255 

507 
625 

558 
354 
315 
556 

Wasco      

168 
371 

415 

403 
275 
435 

Washington  
Yamhill 

Total 

10,961 

11,125 
164 
22,086 

5,270 

8,638 
3,368 
13,908 

Majority  

Aggregate  

*The  official  vote  for  President,  in  1864,  foots  up,  Lincoln  9,888,  McClellau  8,547;  Lincoln's 
majority  1,431.    We  have  not  received  returns  by  counties. 

KANSAS. 


a 

•s 

1 

CO  UNTIE  8. 

1868. 

1864. 

Grant, 

Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

Allen  . 

693 
612 
1,297 
1,443 
691 
186 
243 
175 
479 
* 

200 

130 
934 
486 
178 
93 
71 
21 
265 

250 

256 
735 
960 
362 
39 
79 

73 
37 
378 
126 
3 
19 
47 

Anderson  

Atchison  

Bourbon 

Brown  

Butler   

Chase 

Clay  

Crawford  
Cherokee  

Coftey  

637 
100 
371 
194 
1,549 
2,434 
68 
159 
1,030 
341 
553 
1,268 
1,487 
617 

261 
11 
256 
98 
721 
600 
171 
135 
319 
98 
313 
724 
723 
166 

307 

124 

Cloud             

Davis 

153 

42 
1,081 
1,353 

65 
20 
19 
194 

Dickinson  

Doniphan                         

Douglas  .  .  . 

Ellis"  
Ellsworth 

Franklin  

395 
106 
300 
855 
437 

23 
16 
76 
178 
103 

Greenwood          

Jackson 

Jefferson  

Johnson   .         .  .         

Labette  .  . 

*No  returns. 


18(59.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 
KANSAS. — Continued. 


733 


a 

o 

1 

COUNTIE3. 

1868. 

1864. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

25 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 

Leavenworth  .   . 

2,071 
1,810 

946 
52 
514 
1,250 
155 
591 
708 
422 
136 
613 
62 
587 

i,a5i 

348 
333 
202 
368 
263 
569 

2,330 

415 
110 
47 
228 
557 
172 
272 
409 
83 

2,139 

689 
487 

1,371 

02 
69 

Linn 

Lyon 

Marion    

Marshall     . 

260 
614 
70 
341 

59 
80 
98 
30 

Miami 

Morris  
Nemaha 

Neosho  

Osage  
Ottawa 

167 

27 

Pottawotamie  

300 
3 
180 

450 
117 
41 
52 
192 
81 
628 

213 

35 

Republic  

Riley 

220 
573 

50 
75 

Shawnee  

Saline 

Wabaunsee  

163 
93 

7 

Washington  

Wilson 

Woodfon  

67 
285 
1,600 

35 
193 

Wyandotte  
Soldiers'  Vote 

Total   

30,028 
16,408 

13,620 
43,648 

16,441 
12,750 

3,691 
20,132 

Majority     

Aggregate  

NEBRASKA. 


<3 

"c 

0 
X 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

a 

o 

i 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

1 
2 
8 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
18 
11 
15 

if; 

17 

Burt  
Butler 

325 

44 
791 
53 
132 
144 
61 
356 
1,939 
302 
190 
74 
333 
372 
21 
4 
46 

143 
16 

450 
29 
110 
141 
52 
185 
1,567 
77 
56 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
t25 
26 
:27 
'28 
29 

Nemaha  

Otoe 

967 
958 
488 
166 
915 
* 

351 

720 
43 
128 
499 

Cass  

Pawnee  

Cedar  

Cuming 

Platte  
Richardson  . 

Dakota 

Saline 

Dixon        

Sarpy  

Saunders 

251 
158 
159 
11 
469 
* 

261 
78 
41 
16 
153 

Dodge 

Douglas  

Seward  

Gage  
Hall 

Stanton       

Washington 

Jefferson  

York 

98 
170 
2 
43 
10 

Lancaster 

Total 

9,729 
4,290 

5,439 
15,168 

L'Eau-qui-Court  
Madi«on                     

Majority 

Agore^ate 

Merrick  

*  No  returns. 


734 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
MINNESOTA. 


8 

"o 
d 
fc 

COUNTIES. 

1868.* 

1864. 

I860. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour, 

Lincoln, 
Kep. 

McClellan, 
Dem. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Breck., 

Dem. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
20 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
86 

£ 
3 

41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
40 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
50 

Anoka         

421 

153 
1,749 
654 

800 

274 

147 
1,024 
152 
980 

285 
52 
962 
326 
484 
5 
372 

167 

53 
575 

58 
610 
4 

88 

277 

'  '  '  677 

408 
504 

150 

'  '  '  374 
91 
324 

9 

24 

10 
1 

Benton 

Blue  Earth  
Brown                      

Carver 

Cass 

Chisago                       

538 

117 

379 

64 

24 

Crow  Win  "• 

Dakota       

1.612 
1,025 
563 
1,421 

2,748 
1,211 
2,885 
47 
3,128 
1,435 
263 
201 
160 
8 

1,792 
381 
106 
373 
1,313 
336 
939 
2 
1,982 

29 
16 
12 
1 

1,176 

760 

1,178 
325 

1,022 
580 

882 
205 

22 
53 

Dod^e                      

Douglas 

Faribault       

642 

1,642 
653 
1,866 

'  1,711' 
796 
59 

160 
1,031 
201 
688 

270 
1,610 
595 
1,352 

63 

809 
188 
429 

3 
24 
2 

17 

Fillmore  

Frceborn 

Goodhue  

Grant                     

Hcnncpin 

1,221 
635 
24 

1,770 
594 
41 

705 
622 

7 

44 
3 

Houston  

Isanti                          

Jackson 

Kandiyohi  
\anabec 

13 
15 

3 
'  '  '  555 

""o 

Lake 

Le  Sueur                    

878 

1,095 

495 

812 

566 

Lincoln 

Manomin  
Martin               .                

3 
520 
605 
600 
118 
68 
381 
1,239 
780 

24 

101 
381 
285 
41 
139 
74 
469 
486 

190 
202 
115 
51 
35 

637 

505 

17 
142 
84 
20 
50 

'  '  '  214 
420 

"  '  '  829 
4 

40 
240 
166 
18 
53 
42 
501 
461 
5 
1,348 

6 
81 
83 
1 
93 
17 
194 
291 
6 
404 

'  '1,107 

McLeod 

"  "  9 

Meeker  
Mille  Lac                    

Morrison  

4 

Monongalia  
Alower 

"'25 

Nicollet     

Otter  Tail                   

Ol  instead 

2,369 
35 
311 
1,670 
157 
273 
1,784 
479 
205 
382 
1,030 
1,137 
66 

1,307 
5 
62 
1,929 
9 
67 
1,266 
1,454 
148 
704 
1,524 
503 
20 

1,849 
17 

24 
'  '  "  125' 

Pine  

Pope 

1,233 

Ramsey  
Redwood  

Renville 

1,260 

'  1,275 
396 
108 
263 
427 
636 
39 

1,421 

667 
1,045 
78 
559 
916 
209 
5 

89 
996 
529 
120 
397 
438 
523 
40 
7 

41 
503 
642 
58 
384 
482 
157 
22 
3 

15 
8 
38 
2 
18 
12 
8 
6 

Rice  

Scott                   

Sherburne 

Sibley 

Stearns  

Steele                      .     . 

St.  Louis  

Tombs  .            

Todd 

161 
1,831 
817 
1,062 
199 
2,378 
985 

35 
1,143 
518 
707 
57 
2,024 
623 

23 
1,302 
418 
781 
38 
1,590 
528 

31 
635 
284 
502 
5 
1,032 
356 

Wabashaw  

1,231 
304 

752 

"  l",291 
572 

550 
143 

422 

150 

Waseca  

Washington 

19 

Watonwan  

Winona             

571 
188 

36 
4 

Wright 

Total  

43,542 
15,470 

28,072 
71.614 

24.971 
7,616 

17,355 
42.326 

22.069 
10,149 

11,920 

748 
34,737 

Majority        

Aggregate  

*  In  1868  the  votes  of  counties  not  returned  in  time  for  the  official  statement  foot  up,  Grant 
538,  Seymour  144.    This  accounts  for  the  apparent  discrepancy  in  the  totals. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

FLORIDA.* 


735 


COUNTIES. 

I860. 

1856. 

1852. 

1848. 

Bell, 

Union. 

Breck., 
Bern. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Fillmore, 
Am. 

Buch'n, 
Dem. 

Scott, 
Whig. 

Pierce, 
Dem. 

Taylor, 
Whig. 

CMS, 
Dem. 

Alachua 

195 

527 

5 

142 

361 

Ill 

209 

maj.15 

Erevan! 

Calhoun  

50 

71 

13 

61 

maj.ll 

Clay 

114 
214 

57 
406 

'   '3 

Columbia 

460 

462 

197 

337 

284 

282 
maj.  5 
220 
155 
140 

Bade  

Duval  

Escambia 

195 
377 
61 
384 
111 

346 
192 
284 
392 
243 

51 

97 

434 

234 
96 
300 
157 
40 
173 

457 
145 

341 
249 
177 
328 
180 
101 
365 
76 
431 
390 

274 
202 
87 
170 
27 
47 
70 
73 
260 
85 

3ii 

213 
163 
306 
117' 
93; 
165 
59 
261 
320 

311 
227 
131 
m.  190 
rnai.  1 
39 
78 
111 
m.  257 

Frauklin  
Gadsden 

Hamilton  

23 

Hernando  . 

69 
111 

27 

maj  .'46 

Hillsboro 

Holmes  

Jackson 

462 
158 
80 
282 

115 
512 

487 
99 
482 

Jcft'erson  
La  Fayette 

Leon  

1 

294 
55 
63 
360 
31 
210 
54 
70 

414 
45 
88 
454 
24 
324 
222 
133 

227 
27 

384! 
43; 

444 
maj.20 

279 

Levy 

Liberty 

75 

226 

75 
444 

Madison  
Manatee 

101 

188 

m.  150 



Marion  
Monroe  
Nassau  

99 
60 

82 
179 

511 
219 
291 

278 

'"i 

7 

i37 
95 

48 

206 
116 
29 

maj.57 
63 
maj.25 

'"86 

New  River  

Orange 

&3 
25 
75 

49 

'"334 

51 

70 
198 
100 

'"266 

35 
37 
97 

35 

47 
140 

'"iis 

maj.25 

'isa 

Putnam  

65 
74 

120 
211 

St.  Johns    

Sumter 

Suwannce  
Santa  Rosa 

145 

144 

5 

'218 

"'i59 

17 

'"aw 

"'68 

maj.15 

St   Lucie 

Taylor  
Volusia 

64 

88 

41 
149 

72 
143 

52 
169 
153 
129 

Wakulla  

115!        i~7 
61         151 

173!        161 

90 
34 
113 

i54 
109 

78 

1 

165 
106 
m.  125 

86 
101 

Washington  
Walton 

Total  .  . 
Majority 

5,437i     8,543 
1     3,106 

t367 
14.347 

4,833 

6.358 
1,525 
11,191 

2,875 

4,318 
1,443! 
7,193! 

3,116 
1,269 

1,847 
4,963 

Aggregate  

*  In  1868,  three  Grant  elector?  were  chosen  by  the  Legislature.    Did  not  vote  in  1864. 
t  Total  correct,  details  incomplete. 

NEVADA.* 


w 
o 

c 
£ 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

6 
o 

o 

i 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Grant, 
Republican, 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

1 
2 
8 
4 
5 
6 

8 

Churchill  
Douglas 

75 

966 

267 
313 

488 
1,000 
50 
353 

75 

118 
198 
286 
343 
995 
50 
353 

\  9 

10 
ill 

1 

Ormsby                 

500 

2,319 
859 

420 
1,739 
635 

Storey 

Esmeralda  
Ilumboklt  
Lyon 

Washoc 

Total 

6,480 
1,262 

5,218 
11,698 

Lander 

Majority  
Aggregate 

Lincoln  

Nye  

*  The  vote  of  1864,  for  President,  as  officially  returned,  is  16,420.    Lincoln  9,826,  McClellan 
6,594  ;  L'nion  majority  3,232. 

736 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 
WEST  VIRGINIA. 


[1868. 


8 

*5 

d 

K 

COUNTIES. 

1868. 

1864. 

I860.* 

Grant, 

Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Lincoln, 
Republican. 

McClellan, 
Democrat. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Breckinridge 
Democrat. 

Douglas, 
Democrat. 

39 
106 
24 
46 
76 
407 
1 

"'fli' 

65 
119 

1 
2 
3 

t 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36. 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 

Barbour  

Berkeley                 .   ... 

689 

1,009 
143 
241 
489 
251 
124 
99 
615 
290 
189 
383 
191 
127 
482 
59 
1,430 
795 
203 
1,288 
630 
97 
38 
1,147 
1,672 
1,273 
89 
362 
1,518 
224 
325 
89 
141 
2,329 
291 
281 
190 
1,735 
435 
210 
221 
768 
433 
786 
58 
836 
799 
198 
23 
479 
405 
1.668 
178 

278 

494 
85 
79 
505 
148 
118 
24 
418 
206 
184 
19 
161 
413 
385 
235 
1,078 
353 
120 
940 
654 
103 
87 
858 
965 
1,020 
122 
280 
954 
102 
95 
30 
13 
2,497 
123 
310 
45 
757 
291 
97 
176 
387 
199 
652 
137 
510 
47 
84 
68 
807 
309 
1,208 
76 

593 
726 

293 

442 
913 
121 
274 
173 
316 
19 
119 
143 
381 
117 

"'993' 
878 
33 
894 
931 
388 
959 
1,176 

as2 

910 

830 
204 
227 
450 
161 
285 
35 
356 
241 
268 

Boone 

Braxton  

Brooke                      .   .  . 

464 
191 

401 

Cabell 

Calhoun  
Clay                         

73 

Doddrid^e 

Fayette  
Gilmer                     1 

244 

34 

Grant 

Greenbrier  
Hampshire  
Hancock 

505 
1,054 
262 
355 
1,191 
500 
458 
513 
604 

16 
75 
85 
74 
107 
61 
440 
52 
247 

'"e" 

137 

108 
297 
18 

163 
424 
254 
1,828 

679 
174 
1,421 
649 

7 
297 

"'863' 
190 
21 
26 
443 

Hardy  
Harrison  
Jackson 

Jefferson  
Kanavvha               

Lewis                              . 

Lincoln  
Loo'an 

i',082' 
1,470 
1,346 

"'sii' 

770 
362 

100 
569 
928 
716 
443 

271 

1,337 
809 
439 
432 

Marion  

Marshall  
Mason 

Mineral                   

Monoivalia 

1,321 

705 

622 
693 
308 
35 
345 
1,202 
400 
140 
163 
562 
400 
230 
259 
224 
237 
647 
22 
315 
331 
326 
66 
90 
150 
832 
60 

601 
520 
254 
37 
152 
915 
217 
166 
333 
942 
327 
69 
243 
544 
2(54 
575 
99 
423 
589 
166 
52 
607 
255 
832' 
29 

757 
83 
20 

Monroe  

Morgan 

265 

McDowell 

Nicholas    

143 

2,138 
211 
267 

48 
716 
1*3 
119 
30 
239 

as 

14 
143 
73 
16 
26 
2-3 
197 
54 
82 
5 
153 
16 
56 
9 

Ohio 

2,008 
"'215' 

Pendleton  

Pleasants  
Pocahontas 

Preston  

1,612 
338 

564 
109 

Putnam              

Raleigh 

Randolph  
Ritchie 

177 
673 
275 

785 
56 
709 
819 

50 
217 
81 

349 
36 
320 
60 

Roaiie 

Taylor  
Tucker  
Tyler                                i 

Upshur  
Wayne  
Webster  
Wetzel  

329 
262 
1,496 

756 
209 
591 

Wirt  
Wood  
Wyominfr 

Total  

Majority 

29,025 
8,719 

20,306 
49,331 

23,152 
12,714 

10,438 
33,590 

21,017 

21,908 
89 

5,747 

48,672 

Aggregate  

*  Then  a  part  of  old  Virginia,  and  this  vote  is  given  only  to  show  how  these  counties  cast 
their  vote  at  this  election. 


1869.] 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  STATISTICS. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA.* 


737 


5 

18 

38. 

8 

18 

38. 

0 

6 

fc 

COUNTIES. 

Grant, 
Eep. 

Seymour, 
Dem. 

"8 

6 
& 

COUNTIES. 

Grant, 
Rep. 

Seymour. 
Dem. 

1 

Abbeville  

840 

2,751 

19 

Laurens 

1  170 

1  912 

y 

Anderson  

681 

2,169 

i20 

Lexington  

841 

1,574 

a 

Barn  well 

3  090 

2  073 

:91 

1  749 

1  799 

4 

Beaufort  .  .  . 

6,383 

675 

'919, 

Marlboro 

1  182 

'949 

5 

Berkeley  

93 

Newberry 

999 

2  008 

6 

Charleston  

13,156 

4,386 

94 

Oconee           

304 

1  091 

7 

Chester  

1,673 

1,405 

95 

Orangeburg 

3057 

1  998 

8 

Chesterfield       .    . 

720 

960 

96 

Pickens 

323 

1  107 

9 

Clarendon  

1,445 

781 

9,7 

Richland 

2,476 

1  389 

1!) 

Colleton  

3,545 

1,147 

28 

Spartanburg  

505 

1,965 

11 

Darlington 

1  992 

1  478 

oq 

3  108 

1  071 

1", 

Kdwlldcl  

30 

Union 

953 

1,767 

13 

Fairlield    .   . 

1  995 

1  193 

31 

Williamsburg 

1  682 

780 

14 

Georgetown  

2,680 

265 

39 

York        

1,513 

2,043 

16 

Hurry 

404 

1  101 

Total 

62,301 

45,237 

17 

Kershaw  

1,482 

879 

Majority  

17,064 

18 

Lancaster  

812 

913 

Aggregate  

107,538 

*  Previous  to  1868,  Presidential  electors  were  chosen  by  the  Legislature,  excepting  in  1864, 
when,  the  State  being  in  rebellion,  none  were  chosen.  The  electoral  votes  have  previously  been 
given,  as  follows,  viz. :  1836,  to  Willie  P.  Mangum  ;  in  1840,  to  Martin  Van  Buren ;  in  1844,  to 
James  K.  Polk ;  in  1848,  to  Lewis  Cass ;  in  1852,  to  Franklin  Pierce ;  in  1856,  to  James  Buchanan ; 
in  1860,  to  John  C.  Breckinridge. 


PRESIDENTIAL  VOTE  BY  STATES. 


18 

38. 

18 

88. 

STATES. 

Grant, 
Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

STATES. 

Grant, 

Republican. 

Seymour, 
Democrat. 

Alabama 

76,366 

72,086 

Nevada  

6,480 

5,218 

Arkansas  
California 

22,152 
54,592 

19,078 
54,078 

;New  Hampshire  
New  Jersey  

38,191 
80,121 

31,224 

83,001 

Connecticut 

50995 

47952 

New  York  

419,8813 

429,883 

7  623 

10  980 

North  Carolina 

92.241 

73,600 

Florida  (by  Legislature) 

Ohio 

280  128 

238700 

Georgia  .  .  , 

57,134 

102,822 

Oregon  

10,961 

11,125 

Illinois 

250  293 

199  143 

Pennsylvania. 

342,280 

313,382 

Indiana 

176  552 

166^80 

Rhode  Island  

12,993 

6,548 

Iowa  

120,399 

74,040' 

South  Carolina  

62.301 

45,237 

30  028 

13  620 

Tennessee 

56,757 

26,311 

39  566 

115'889 

Texas  (no  vote) 

33  263 

80  225 

i  Vermont                    

44,173 

12,051 

Maine 

70  426 

42\396 

IVir^inia  (no  vote) 

Maryland 

30  438 

62  357 

West  Virginia  

29,025 

20,306 

Ma<*eachu  setts 

136  477 

59  408 

Wisconsin       

108,857 

84,710 

Minnesota 

43542 

28  072 

Total 

3,004,623 

2,695,710 

Mississippi  (no  vote) 

Majority 

308913 

Missouri  
Nebraska  

82,107 
9,729 

62,780 
5,439 

Aggregate  

5,700,333 

47 


738 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


STATE  LEGISLATURES,  POLITICALLY  CLASSIFIED. 

The  figures  given  are  for  the  Legislatures  last  elected.  In  a  few  instances  the  election  of 
members  is  contested ;  when  these  cases  are  decided,  the  result  may  slightly  change  the  num 
bers  given. 


STATES. 

Republican. 

Democrat. 

Rep.  maj. 

Dem.  maj. 

Rep.  niaj. 
on  Joint 
Ballot. 

Dem.  maj. 
on  Joint 
Ballot. 

Senate. 

House  • 
of  Rep. 

Senate. 

House 
of  Rep. 

Senate. 

House 
of  Rep. 

Senate. 

House 
of  Rep. 

"26 
"2! 
"29 

"82 

32 

21 

2a 

12 
2 
16 
22 
18 
81 
42 
24 
8 
24 
29 

82 
79 
30 
131 

"37 
73 
58 
55 
86 
84 
9 
75 
123 

1 
1 

17 
9 
7 
8 
22 
7 
19 
5 
1 
30 
12 
2 
25 
2 
5 
6 

'"9 
1 
4 
3 
12 
15 
10 
20 
13 
15 
5 
6 

13 
1 

50 
107 
21 
16 
102 
27 
43 
16 
6 
91 
26 
28 
86 
16 
28 
9 

31 
20 
6 
3 

"*8 

"ii 

12 

37 
23 

"12 

27 

"36 
22 
10 

69 

78 

"24 

"2! 
"31 

12 

70 

78 

"49 
95 

'208 
44 
29 

"  5 
"22 

100 

98 

'"27 
""26 

Arkansas  

'"ii 

California  
Connecticut  
Delaware  
Florida  
Georgia 

26 
'"29 

"ioi 
'"iii 

Illinois  

42 
24 
107 
101 

""ei 

122 

Indiana  
Iowa 

Kansas  

Kentucky  
Louisiana  
Maine  

25 

86 

Massachusetts... 

38 
27 
16 

"25 
12 
15 
9 
9 
17 
40 
17 
9 
18 
27 
25 
25 

224 
72 

38 

"92 
34 

S5 
194 
28 
76 
82 
49 
17 
62 
62 
109 
83 

244 
66 
39 

Mississippi 

Missouri  

'"5 
3 
138 
32 
52 
38 
56 
30 
38 
8 
15 

16 
11 
11 
6 

29 
32 

56 

40 
43 

62 

"'26 
74 

'"27 
76 
113 
108 

Nevada  

'"3 

'"4 

New  Hampshire. 
New  Jersey 

7 

New  York  
North  Carolina  .  . 
Ohio 

2 
30 

24 

44 

'"3 

4 

'"7 
13 

'"io 

17 

Oregon  
Pennsylvania  
Rhode'  Island  
South  Carolina  .  . 
Tennessee  
Texas 

3 
22 
19 
25 

24 
54 
94 

83 

Vermont  .  .•  
Virginia 

30 

224 

15 

30 

209 

::" 

239 

'"42 

41 

West  Virginia... 
Wisconsin  

19 
19 

41 

68 

3 
14 

15 
32 

16 
5 

26 
36 

POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1790-1860. 

From  1840  to  1850,  the  increase  of  the  entire  population  was  35.87  per  cent.,  and  from  1850  to 
1860.  it  was  35.46  per  cent.  The  lowest  rate  of  increase  for  any  decade  since  1790.  has  been 
32.67  per  cent. ;  the  highest,  36.45.  During  the  five  years  following  1860,  or  in  the  time  of  the 
late  war,  the  increase  in  population  was  much  less  rapid,  and  in  some  States  there  was  an  actual 
decrease.  Immigration  from  foreign  countries  was  checked  during  this  period,  but.  since  the 
return  of  peace  in  1865,  it  has  again  increased.  The  total  population  for  1860,  in  the  table  below, 
includes  44,020  Indians. 


AGGREGATE 
POPULATION. 

1790. 

1800. 

4,304,489 
108.395 
4,412,884 
893,041 
1,001,436 

5,305.925 

181O.     182O. 

183O. 

184O. 

185O. 

I860. 

Total  White  
Total  Free  Colored 
Total  Free  
Total  Slave  
Total  Colored  

3,172,464 
59,466 
3,231,930 
697,897 
757,363 

5,862,004;7,861,937 
186,4461    233,524 
6,048,450  8,095,461 
1,191,364  1,538,038 
1,377,8101,771,562 

10,537,378  •14,195,095 
319,599!      3S6.303 
10,856.977  14.5M.99S 
2,009,043,  2,487.455 
2,328,642,  2,873,758 

19,553,114 
434,449 

19,987,563 
3,204.313 
3,638,762 

26,957.471 
488,070 
27,445,541 
3,953,760 
4,441,830 

Total  .  .  . 

3,929,827 

7,239,814  9,638,131 

12,866,020  17,069.453 

23,191,876  31,443,321 

RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS,  1868. 

UNITED  STATES. 

January  1st.  Gen.  T.  W.  Sherman  was  appointed  commander  of  the  Department  of  the 
East. — Gen.  A.  D.  M'Cook  was  ordered  to  relieve  Gen.  McKenzie  in  command  of  the  Sub-Dis 
trict  of  the  Rio  Grande. — Thirty  miles  of  the  Galveston  railroad  to  Lawrence  were  opened. — 
The  Legislature!?  of  Maryland,  Maine  and  Massachusetts,  assembled. — Gov.  Chamberlain,  of 
Maine,  was  inaugurated. — Gen.  O'Neil  became  President  of  the  Fenian  Brotherhood. 

2d.  Gov.  Flanders,  of  Louisiana,  resigned,  and  Joshua  Baker  was  appointed  his  suc 
cessor  by  General  Hancock.— Custom-house  and  fifty  other  buildings  destroyed  by  fire  at 
Indian ola,  Texas. 

3d.  Failure  of  the  dry  goods  merchant,  L.  C.  Hopkins,  in  Cincinnati,  with  liabilities  to  the 
amount  of  $1,000,000. 

4th.  The  steamer  Harry  Dean  exploded  on  the  Ohio,  near  Gallipolis ;  5  persons  killed  and 
many  others  injured.— Post  No.  1,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in  Washington,  nominated 
Gen.  Grant  for  President. 

5th.    U.  S.  Military  Asylum,  at  Augusta,  Me.,  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

6th.  Congress  met.— The  President  was,  by  a  vote  of  79  to  28.  in  the  House,  Censured  for 
removing  Gen.  Sheridan. — The  resolution  of  thanks  to  Gen.  Grant  for  his  letters  to  the  Presi 
dent  relative  to  the  removal  of  Secretary  Stanton,  and  Gen.  Sheridan's  report  of  affairs  in 
Texas,  was  passed  by  82  votes  to  23. — A  bill  was  passed  constituting  eight  hours  a  day's  work 
for  Government  employees. — Bullock,  the  new  governor  of  Massachusetts,  accepted  the  decis 
ion  of  the  people  with  reference  to  the  liquor  question,  and  recommended  enactments  for  the 
control  of  the  traffic. — The  Legislature  of  Ohio  assembled.— Gen.  Meade  assumed  command 
ot  the  Third  Military  District,  consisting  of  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Florida. 

7th.  The  Legislatures  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  convened. — The  U.  S.  Senate  passed 
the  bill  to  repeal  the  internal  revenue  tax  on  cotton.— The  House  passed  the  joint  resolution 
authorizing  the  sale  of  all  the  iron-clad  vessels  no  longer  required  by  the  service. — The  Illinois 
Press  Association  met  at  Jacksonville. — Formal  opening  of  Pike's  new  Opera  House  at  New 
York.— Great  Fenian  meeting  at  Washington. — The  House  passed  a  bill  to  prevent  frauds  in 
distilled  spirits. 

8th.  The  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  convened. — The  Pennsylvania  State  Convention  of  "The 
Boys  in  Blue"  met  in  Philadelphia. — Democratic  State  Conventions  at  Indianapolis,  and  at 
Columbus,  Ohio.— Gen.  Canby  issued  an  order  for  the  meeting  of  the  North  Carolina  Con 
vention  in  Raleigh,  on  Jan.  14th.— Gov.  Bowie,  of  Maryland,  was  inaugurated. 

lOth.  Secretary  Seward  announced  to  the  House  that  twenty-one  States  had  ratified  the 
14th  article  of  the  amendment  to  the  Constitution. — The  ship  Leibnitz,  from  Hamburg,  arrived 
at  New  York,  after  a  passage  of  sixty  days,  during  which  time  one  hundred  and  five  persons 
died  of  cholera. 

12th.  The  contract  for  the  iron  bridge  across  the  Mississippi,  at  Dubuqne,  was  awarded  to 
the  Keystone  Bridge  Company,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.— The  thermometer  stood  36  degrees  below 
zero,  at  Trempelean,  Wisconsin. 

13th.  The  House  passed,  by  116  to  39,  a  bill  declaring  that  five  members  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  that  a  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  shall 
be  necessary  to  a  decision  adverse  to  the  validity  of  any  law  passed  by  Congress.— The  Senate 
declared,  by  35  votes  to  6,  that  they  do  not  concur  in  the  suspension  from  the  office  of  Secre 
tary  of  War.  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton.— Gen.  Meade  removed  Gov.  Jenkins,  of  Georgia,  and  ap 
pointed  Gen.  Ruger  as  his  successor.— Sardis,  in  Mississippi,  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire.— 
R.  B.  Hayes  was  inaugurated  as  Governor  of  Ohio.— The  Ohio  Legislature  withdrew  the  assent 
of  the  State  to  the  proposed  14th  Amendment ;  vote  in  the  Senate— yeas  19,  nays  17;  in  the 
House — yeas  56,  nays  46. 

14th.  The  Virginia  Constitutional  Convention  declared  that  Virginia  shall  forever  remain 
in  the  Union,  and  that  slavery  is  forever  abolished  in  the  State.— Gen.  Grant  relinquished  the 

739 


740  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

office  of  Secretary  of  War  to  Secretary  Stanton,  who  entered  again  upon  the  discharge  of  his 
duties. — The  Conventions  of  North  and  South  Carolina  met;  also  the  Legislatures  of  New  Jer 
sey  and  Iowa. — Judge  Thnnnan  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator  for  Ohio. 

15th.  Gen.  Pope  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Lakes,  with  head 
quarters  at  Detroit. — The  Iron  Mountain  railroad  was  taken  possession  of  by  Gov.  Fletcher,  in 
the  name  of  the  State  of  Missouri.— The  Connecticut  Republican  State  Convention  met  at 
Hartford.— The  Louisiana  Republican  State  Convention  nominated  II.  C.  Warmouth  for  Gov 
ernor,  and  Oscar  J.  Dunn  (colored)  for  Lieut.  Governor.— The  Legislature  of  Kansas  met ;  Miss 
Emma  Hunt  was  elected  enrolling  clerk  of  the  Lower  House. 

16th.  The  Senate  passed  the  Deficiency  bill.— Meeting  of  the  delegates  of  the  National 
Convention  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in  Philadelphia,  Gen.  Sickles  occupying  the 
chair;  it  recommended  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant  for  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States  ;  Gen. 
Logan  was  elected  commander- in-chief. — Gov.  Merrill,  of  Iowa,  was  inaugurated. — Win.  T. 
Hamilton  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator  of  Maryland. — The  Republican  State  Convention  of  Arkan 
sas  nominated  P.  Clayton  for  Governor. 

17th.  Consolidation  of  the  Columbus  and  Indiana  Central,  and  the  Chicago  and  Great  West 
ern  railroads  as  the  Columbus,  Chicago  and  Indiana  Central  Railroad  Company. — The  last  rail 
was  laid  on  the  Union  and  Logansport  railroad,  now  forming  part  of  the  Columbus  and  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  and  being  the  shortest  connecting  link  between  the  Eastern  and  Western 
cities.— O'Hara  (colored),  was  elected  engrossing  clerk  by  the  North  Carolina  Constitutional 
Convention. 

2Oth.    The  Florida  Convention  assembled. 

21st.  The  House  of  Representatives  passed  the  supplement  to  the  Reconstruction  bill 
by  123  to  45. — The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  railroad  bridge  was  completed  at 
Des  Moines. — The  Supreme  Court  resolved  to  advance  the  McArdle  case,  involving  questions 
ponnected  with  Reconstruction,  so  as  to  place  it  in  position  on  the  calendar  to  be  reached  on 
the  1st  of  March. 

23d.  Gen.  Ruger  rescinded  Gov.  Jenkins's  order  suspending  the  collection  of  taxes  in 
Georgia.— The  Mississippi  Convention  declared  that  the  General  Assembly  shall  never  assume 
or  pay  any  obligation  contracted  or  incurred  in  aid  of  the  Rebellion,  and  that  it  shall  have  no 
power  to  make  any  compensation  for  emancipated  slaves. 

24th.  The  Spanish  Minister  of  War  ordered  50,000  American  breech-loading  rifles.— 
Senator  Morton  delivered  a  speech  in  defense  of  the  Congressional  policy  of  reconstruc 
tion.— Gen.  Grant  asked  President  Johnson  to  put  in  writing  several  instructions  previously 
given  to  him  not  to  obey  any  order  from  Secretary  Stanton,  unless  he  knew  that  it  came  from 
the  President, 

25th.  Six  persons  wrere  killed,  and  five  others  injured,  near  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  by  the  explo 
sion  of  a  can  of  coal  oil. — The  steamer  Emerald  was  sunk  at  Tuuca,  about  15  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  Red  river;  four  ladies  were  drowned. 

26th.  The  Mexican  (Imperialist)  Gen.  Marquez,  arrived  at  New  Orleans,  having  escaped 
from  Mexico  in  disguise. 

27th.  Gen.  Meade  removed  Barret.  Secretary  of  State  of  Georgia,  for  refusing  to  recognize 
the  authority  of  the  district  commander.— The  House  passed  the  bill  to  prevent  the  payment  of 
certain  claims  arising  out  of  the  Rebellion,  by  yeas  86,  nays  53. 

28th.    Terrible  fire  at  Chicago. 

29th.  The  Senate  passed  a  bill  providing  for  the  sale  of  iron-clads.— The  Academy 
of  Music  was  destroyed  by  fire  at  Albany,  New  York.— The  President  instructed  Gen., 
Grant,  in  writing,  not  to  obey  any  order  from  the  War  Department,  unless  authorized  by 
the  President. 

3Oth.  The  Iowa  Senate  passed  the  bill  granting  to  the  U.  S.  Government  right  of  way  for  a 
ship  canal  around  the  lower  rapids  of  the  Mississippi,  on  the  Iowa  side.— The  Connecticut 
Democratic  State  Convention  at  New  Haven,  re-nominated  Gov.  English.— Gen.  Grant  recog 
nized  orders  issued  from  the  War  Department,  by  direction  of  the  President,  as  authorized 
by  the  Executive. 

31st.  The  President  reproached  Gen.  Grant  for  having  vacated  the  office  of  the  War  Depart 
ment  without  having  given  him  notice  of  his  intention  to  do  so. — The  report  of  the  Committee 
of  Conference  on  the  cotton  tax  bill,  was  adopted  by  the  House. 

February  1st.    Eighteen  prisoners  escaped  from  the  jail  at  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

2d.    The  steamer  Sherman  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

3d.  Riot  at  Fayetteville,  Tenn.— Gen.  Grant  reasserted  the  correctness  of  his  statements, 
that  he  accepted  the  appointment  of  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim,  to  prevent  the  appointment 


I860.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  741 

of  one  who,  by  opposition  to  the  Reconstruction  laws,  would  embarrass  the  army  in  the  per 
formance  of  duties'  imposed  upon  it  by  the  laws. 

4th.  The  Louisiana  Convention  adopted  the  clause  relating  to  "mixed  schools"  by  an  almost 
unanimous  vote. — There  were  8,114  less  than  half  the  registered  vote  of  Alabama  cast  for  the 
Constitution.— The  anti-contraction  bill  became  a  law  by  the  expiration  of  ten  days'  time  al 
lowed  for  vetoing  it  by  the  President. — The  Minnesota  House  passed  a  bill  making  eight  hours' 
labor  a  day's  work  for  women,  and  children  under  18  years  of  age. 

5th.  The  Senate  passed  a  bill  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  War  to  employ  counsel  to  defend 
Generals,  or  other  persons  entrusted  with  reconstruction,  in  cases  brought  against  them  for 
their  acts  under  the  Reconstruction  laws. — The  House  agreed  to  the  same  and  passed  the  bill 
forfeiting  certain  railroad  land-grants  in  the  Southern  States,  by  yeas  86,  nays  73. — The  Georgia 
Convention  passed  the  relief  clause,  by  a  vote  of  82  to  45.— The  New  York  Republican  Conven 
tion  instructed  their  delegates  to  vote  for  Grant  for  President. — The  National  Commercial  Con 
vention  met  at  Boston. 

6th.  The  Senate  adopted  a  joint  resolution  to  send  naval  officers  to  the  Havre  Maritime 
Exhibition. — The  Ohio  House  adopted  resolutions  in  favor  of  the  repeal  of  the  Congres 
sional  Reconstruction  Acts,  and  denouncing  the  pending  supplemental  Reconstruction  and 
Supreme  Court  bills. — The  Kansas  State  Senate  passed  an  act  allowing  persons,  without 
regard  to  sex  or  color,  to  practice  law  in  all  the  courts  of  that  State,  if  possessed  of  the 
requisite  qualifications. 

7th.  The  House  passed  the  bill  restoring  to  the  market  lands  along  the  line  of  the  Pacific 
Railroad. — The  "Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland"  met  at  Cincinnati. 

8th.    A  destructive  fire  in  New  York;  loss  $500,000. 

9th.    Thermometer  51  degrees  below  zero  at  Sparta,  Wis. 

lOth.  The  House  rejected,  by  77  yeas  to  97  nays,  a  resolution  declaring  that  the  Capitol 
ought  to  be  removed  to  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. — The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  declared  unanimously  that  the  petitions  to  restrain  President  Johnson,  and  certain 
specified  army  officers  from  the  execution  of  the  Reconstruction  laws  in  Georgia  and  Mis 
sissippi,  should  be  dismissed,  the  issue  being  purely  political,  and  therefore  not  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Court. — The  House  passed,  by  a  vote  of  85  to  45,  a  bill  for  the  construction 
of  the  bridge  across  the  Mississippi,  at  Rock  Island.— President  Johnson,  in  reply  to  Gen. 
Grant's  letter  of  February  3,  reasserted  the  correctness  of  his  position  in  the  controversy  with 
Gen.  Grant,  by  submitting  letters  of  his  Cabinet. 

1 1th.  The  Minnesota  House  passed  a  bill  leaving  capital  punishment  for  murder  at  the  dis 
cretion  of  the  jury. — Gen.  Grant  disclaimed  in  his  reply  to  President  Johnson,  any  intention  of 
disobeying  any  legal  orders  of  the  President. 

12th.  The  President,  formed  a  new  Military  Division,  consisting  of  the  Departments  of  the 
Lakes,  of  the  East,  and  of  Washington,  and  appointed  Lieut.  Gen.  Sherman  to  its  command. 
It  is  called  the  department  of  the  Atlantic. — Gen.  Sheridan  was  ordered  temporarily  to  com 
mand  the  Division  of  Missouri. 

1 3th.  The  President  nominated  Lieut.  Gen.  Sherman  General  by  brevet. — The  Deficiency  bill 
became  a  law  without  the  President's  signature. — The  California  Legislature  passed  the  bill 
making  eight  hours  a  legal  day's  work. — The  Supreme  Court  confirmed  the  constitutionality  of 
the  act  of  1865,  taxing  the  shares  of  National  Banks. — Gen.  L.  Thomas  was  reinstated  as  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  army.— The  North  Carolina  Convention  passed  an  ordinance  allowing  every  man 
to  practice  law  without  regard  to  race  or  color. 

14th.  The  New  York  ^Assembly  repealed  the  Excise  law  by  a  vote  of  65  to  40.— The  South 
Carolina  Convention  adopted  a  provision  recognizing  public  and  political  equality  without  dis 
tinction  of  race  or  color.— The  Georgia  Convention  passed  a  franchise  bill  by  a  vote  of  114  to 
16. — The  Mississippi  Convention  gave  all  persons,  irrespective  of  color  or  sex,  the  elective  fran 
chise. — The  new  constitution  passed  the  Arkansas  Convention  by  a  vote  of  45  to  21. — Election 
ordered.— Lieut.  Gen.  Sherman  requested  that  the  Senate  do  not  confirm  the  brevet  of  General 
conferred  on  him  by  the  President. 

16th.    The  American  Theatre,  at  San  Francisco,  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

17th.    Terrible  explosion  and  destruction  of  a  steam-tug  in  New  York  harbor. 

18th.  The  House  of  Representatives  passed,  by  114  to  39,  a  joint  resolution  appropriating 
$50,000  for  relief  of  Americans  imprisoned  abroad. — Meeting  of  the  Woolen  Manufacturers'  Asso 
ciation  of  the  North-West,  in  Chicago. — The  Senate  passed  the  bill  for  the  reduction  of  the  army. 

19th.  The  New  Jersey  Senate  adopted  a  resolution  withdrawing  ratification  of  the  14th 
amendment.— The  U.  S.  Senate  refused  to  admit  Philip  F.  Thomas,  Senator  elect  from  Maryland, 
upon  the  ground  of  disloyalty  during  the  Rebellion. 


742  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1SCO. 

2Otll.  The  Indiana  Republican  State  Convention  rcnominated  Gov.  Baker. — The  President  re 
voked  the  assignment  of  Gen.  Sherman  to  the  command  of  the  Atlantic  Department. — The  New 
Jersey  House  concurred  in  the  action  of  the  Senate  withdrawing  the  consent  to  the  14th  amend 
ment. 

21st.  The  President  issued  an  order  removing  Secretary  Stanton  from  the  War  office,  and 
authorizing  Gen.  L.  Thomas  to  act  as  Secretary  of  War  ad  interim. — A  committee  from  the  Sen 
ate  urged  Stanton  to  hold  his  position,  which  he  agreed  to  do  until  action  be  taken  by  the  Senate 
in  the  matter. — Stanton  retained  personal  possession  of  the  office. — A  resolution  of  the  Senate, 
passed  by  a  vote  of  28  to  6,  was  delivered  to  the  President,  to  the  effect  that,  under  the  consti 
tution  and  laws,  the  President  had  no  power  to  remove  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  to  designate 
another  to  perform  his  duties,  and  that  the  Senate  disapproved  the  action  of  the  President. — 
The  President  nominated  Gen.  George  H.  Thomas  to  be  Lieut.  General  and  General  by  brevet ; 
also  George  B.  McClellan  as  minister  to  England. 

22d.  Justice  Cartter,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  issued,  upon  the 
complaint  of  Secretary  Stanton,  a  warrant  of  arrest  against  Adj.  Gen.  Thomas  for  violation  of 
the  tenure  of  office  bill. — This  warrant  was  executed,  and  Thomas  was  released  on  $10,000  bail.— 
Secretary  Stanton  refused  to  give  possession  of  his  office  to  Gen.  Thomas. — The  Reconstruction 
Committee  adopted,  by  a  vote  of  7  against  2,  a  resolution  of  impeachment  against  the  President 
for  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. — Imprisonment  for  debt  in  Georgia  was  prohibited. 

23d.  The  Kentucky  Domocratic  State  Convention  nominated  Stevenson  for  Governor. — Gen. 
Geo.  H.  Thomas  declined  the  nominations  of  Brevet  Lieut.  General  and  General,  presented  by 
the  President. 

24th.  The  House  resolved,  126  to  47,  that  "  Andrew  Johnson,  President  of  the  United  States, 
be  impeached  of  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors." — President  Johnson  sent  a  message  to  the 
Senate  vindicating  his  position. — Gen.  Thomas  made  another  demand  upon  Secretary  Stanton 
for  possession  of  the  War  office. — Gen.  L.  Wallace  was  ordered  to  Washington. — The  President 
nominated  Thomas  Ewing,  of  Ohio,  as  successor  to  Secretary  Stanton.— The  North  Carolina 
Convention  adopted  the  Bill  of  Rights. 

25th.  The  Committee  of  the  House  appointed  a  sub-committee,  consisting  of  Boutwell, 
Stevens,  Bingham  and  Wilson,  to  take  evidence  and  prepare  articles  of  impeachment. — Bing- 
ham  and  Stevens,  in  behalf  of  the  House,  informed  the  Senate  and  presented  the  action  of  the 
House  in  regard  to  impeachment  of  President  Johnson. — Gov.  Ward  vetoed  the  resolution  of 
the  New  Jersey  Legislature  rescinding  its  ratification  of  the  14th  amendment.— The  Florida 
Convention  adopted  the  new  constitution. 

26th.  The  sub-committee  met  Gen.  Emory,  commanding  the  District  of  Washington,  who 
testified  to  an  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  President  to  induce  him  to  receive  orders  directly  from 
the  President  instead  of  from  Gen.  Grant.— Gen.  Thomas  appeared  before  Judge  Cartter  to 
answer  the  charge  of  Secretary  Stanton  of  having  violated  the  tenure  of  office  law ;  he  was 
discharged  from  arrest,  and  began  a  suit  in  the  District  Court  against  Secretary  Stanton  fur 
false  imprisonment  and  malicious  prosecution,  setting  his  damages  at  $150,000. — Secretary 
Stanton  passed  his  entire  time,  day  and  night,  in  the  Department  of  War,  before  the  doors  of 
which  a  guard  was  placed. — An  amendatory  Reconstruction  bill  passed  the  Senate  and  the  House. 
It  provided  that  any  election  in  the  Southern  States  should  be  decided  by  a  majority  of  11. e 
votes  actually  cast. — The  Mississippi  Convention  adopted  a  clause  prohibiting  property  or  ei.u- 
cational  qualification  for  electors. 

28th.  The  Impeachment  Committee  completed  the  articles. — The  New  York  Constitutional 
Convention  adopted  a  proposed  state  constitution  by  &4  to  31. — The  Senate  passed  a  bill  relative 
to  captured  and  abandoned  property. 

29th.  The  impeachment  articles  were  reported  to  the  House ;  they  consisted  of  nine  art  i- 
cles,  alleging  violations  of  the  tenure  of  office  law,  of  the  conspiracy  act,  and  high  misdemeanors 
in  having  attempted  to  corrupt  army  officers  and  lead  them  to  act  in  disobedience  to  the  laws. — 
The  chemical  manufactory  of  Powers  &  Weightman,  in  Philadelphia,  the  largest  in  the  United 
States,  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

March  1  St.    Very  severe  snow  storm  throughout  the  North  and  West. 

2d.  The  Senate  adopted  a  code  of  procedure  for  an  impeachment  trial. — The  House  adopted 
nine  articles  of  impeachment,  (the  first  by  a  vote  of  126  to  41). — The  Louisiana  Convention 
adopted  the  new  constitution,  by  a  vote  of  64  to  6. — The  South  Carolina  Convention  provided 
for  a  complete  free  school  system  throughout  the  state. — The  House  appointed  seven  managers 
of  the  impeachment  trial. 

3d.  The  House  of  Representatives  adopted  an  additional  article  of  impeachment  presented 
by  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  and  another  proposed  by  John  A,  Bingham. 


1839.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  .       743 

4th.  An  avalanche  in  Sierra  City,  California,  buried  17  men  beneath  the  snow. — The  articles 
of  impeachment  were  presented  to  the  Senate  by  the  managers. 

5th.  The  Senate  organized  as  a  Court  for  the  trial  of  President  Johnson  on  the  articles  of 
Impeachment.— Chief  Justice  Chase  took  the  required  oath.— The  New  Jersey  State  Seriate 
passed  the  joint  resolution  withdrawing  the  consent  of  the  state  to  the  ratification  of  the  14th 
amendment  over  Gov.  Ward's  veto,  yeas  11,  nays  9. 

6th.  The  North  Carolina  Convention  authorized  the  Legislature  to  pass  an  ordinance  com 
pelling  all  persons  to  send  their  children  between  the  ages  of  five  and  eighteen  years,  to  public 
schools  for  sixteen  months,  when  unable  to  educate  them  otherwise. — The  Virginia  Convention 
adopted  an  article  which  gives  suffrage  to  all  males  over  twenty  years  of  age. — The  South 
Carolina  Convention  made  education  compulsory. — George  Vickers  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator 
of  Maryland.— The  Senate  passed  the  Pension  Appropriation  bill. — In  the  Louisiana  Convention 
the  new  constitution  was  signed.— The  President  was  summoned  to  appear  before  the  Court  of 
Impeachment  on  the  18th  of  March. 

lOth.  Harriman  (Rep.),  was  elected  Governor  of  New  Hampshire.— The  House  passed  the 
bill  to  abolish  the  tax  on  manufactures— yeas  122,  nays  2. 

llth.  The  Georgia  Constitutional  Convention  adopted  the  constitution  as  a  whole,  by 
a  vote  of  112  to  14. — Congress  was  requested  to  pass  such  laws  as  will  remove  political 
disabilities  from  all  the  citizens  of  Georgia,  by  yeas  120,  nays  26.— The  Mississippi  Conven- 
'tion  adopted  the  Bill  of  Rights.— J.  Ross  Browne  was  confirmed  minister  to  China,  and  Tuck- 
erman  minister  to  Greece.— Election  ordered  in  Louisiana.— The  act  declaring  that  any  election 
authorized  in  the  former  rebel  states  shall  be  decided  by  the  majority  of  the  votes  actually  cast, 
became  a  law,  by  lapse  of  time,  the  President  not  having  signed  or  returned  it  within  ten  days. 
— The  Senate  passed  a  bill  amending  the  Judiciary  act  of  ITS!). — The  Pennsylvania  Republican 
State  Convention  unanimously  nominated  Gen.  Grant  for  President. — The  Illinois  Industrial 
University  at  Champaign  was  opened. — The  Republican  State  Convention  of  New  York  met  at 
Albany. — The  South  Carolina  Republican  State  Convention  nominated  Robert  K.  Scott  for 
Governor. 

12th.  Attorney  General  Stanberry  resigned  his  office,  having  been  selected  by  President 
Johnson  to  manage  the  defence  in  the  impeachment  trial.— The  trial  of  Jeff.  Davis  was  postpon 
ed  until  April  14th. 

13th.  The  President  asked  forty  days'  time  for  preparing  his  answer  to  the  articles  of  im 
peachment.— The  Senate  extended  the  time  until  March  23. 

14th.  Election  ordered  in  Georgia.— Election  held  in  Arkansas.— Gen.  Grant  directed  Gen. 
Thomas  to  call  for  all  troops  he  may  want  in  Tennessee. 

16th.  Election  ordered  in  Florida. — Avcrysevei%e  equinoctial  storm  prevailed  throughout 
the  North  West ;  considerable  loss  of  life  and  great  damage  done  to  property. 

18th.  The  House  agreed  to  the  report  of  the  Conference  Committee  on  the  Consular  and 
Diplomatic  Appropriation  bill. — The  Republican  State  Conventions  of  New  Jersey,  Vermont 
and  Michigan  endorsed  Congress,  and  favored  the  nomination  of  Gen.  Grant  for  President.— The 
steamer  Magnolia  was  blown  up  12  miles  above  Cincinnati ;  100  lives  lost.— The  Senate  passed 
the  bill  to  exempt  certain  manufactures  from  internal  taxation,  by  36  to  3. — The  House  passed 
the  bill  providing  that  in  case  of  the  death  or  removal  of  the  Chief  Justice,  the  senior  Associate 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  perform  the  duties  of  Chief  Justice.— The  bill  providing  for 
the  continuance  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  for  one  year  was  passed,  by  yeas  96  to  nays  37. 

2Oth.  The  Senate  proposed  a  bill  authorizing  the  Peace  Commissioners  to  conclude  a  treaty 
of  peace  with  the  Navajo  Indians.— The  California  Assembly  rejected  the  14th  Amendment  by 
a  vote  of  46  to  24. 

21st.    The  Indians  committed  depredations  in  New  Mexico. 

23d.  The  High  Court  of  Impeachment  for  the  trial  of  President  Johnson  was  opened.— The 
answer  of  the  President  to  the  articles  of  impeachment  was  filed.— The  counsel  for  the  Presi 
dent  asked  for  a  delay  of  thirty  days. 

24th.  Gen.  Buchanan  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  5th  Military  District,  in  the  place 
of  Gen.  Hancock,  recalled.— The  impeachment  trial  was  ordered  to  proceed  March  30. 

25th.  The  House  passed  the  bill  exempting  certain  manufactures  from  taxation.— The 
Kansas  Republican  State  Convention  met  at  Topeka. — The  New  Jersey  House  passed  the  res 
olution  withdrawing  the  consent  of  the  State  to  the  14th  Amendment,  over  the  Governor's 
veto— yeas  45,  nays  13. 

26th.  The  Senate  passed  the  Habeas  Corpus  Appeal  bill  over  the  veto  of  the  President  by  a 
vote  of  33  to  9  ;  they  also  ratified  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  the  North  German 
Confederation,  recognising  the  rights  of  naturalized  citizens,  by  a  vote  of  32  to  8. 


744  THE  AMERICAN  TEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1809. 

27th.  The  President's  veto  of  the  Supreme  Court  bill  was  read  in  the  llcmso,  and  the  bill  re- 
passed  by  a  vote  of  112  to  34. — The  House  agreed  to  the  report  of  the  Conference  Committee  on 
the  Manufacturers'  Tax  Exemption  bill. — The  Pacific  railroad  was  completed  to  the  highest 
summit  on  the  route. — The  New  England  Methodist  Conference,  Boston,  passed  resolutions  in 
dorsing  impeachment. 

28tli.  The  House  passed  by  a  vote  of  102  to  29,  the  Alabama  bill  providing  for  a  provisional 
government  of  the  State  until  the  Constitution  be  again  submitted  to  the  people. — Gen.  Han 
cock  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  military  division  of  the  Atlantic. — A  new  indictment 
was  found  against  Jeff.  Davis  by  the  U.  S.  Grand  Jury,  at  Richmond. 

3Oth.  The  House  declared,  by  80  to  17,  the  joint  resolution  of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature 
withdrawing  its  consent  to  the  Constitutional  Amendment  to  be  disrespectful  to  the  House, 
and  scandalous  in  character,  and  directed  it  to  be  returned.— Butler,  of  Massachusetts,  opened 
in  the  Court  of  Impeachment,  the  prosecution  on  the  part  of  the  managers. — A  supplementary 
Reconstruction  Act  was  promulgated. — G.  A.  Ashburn,  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion,  was  assassinated  at  Columbus,  Georgia. 

31st.  At  the  Diamond  mine,  Scranton,  Pa.,  by  the  breaking  of  a  chain,  17  men  were  pre 
cipitated  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  185  feet,  by  which  accident  12  were  killed  outright,  and  the 
rest  severely  injured. 

April  1st.  The  State  election  in  Rhode  Island  resulted  in  the  election  of  Gen.  Burnside  , 
(Rep.)  for  Governor. 

2d.  The  New  York  State  Senate  organized  as  a  Court  of  Impeachment  for  the  trial  of  Canal 
Commissioner  Dorn.— Jen".  Davis'  trial  was  postponed. 

3d.  The  newly  elected  Legislature  of  Arkansas  met  and  organized. — The  lower  branch  of  the 
Arkansas  Legislature  unanimously  adopted  the  14th  Amendment. 

4th.  The  case  for  the  prosecution  in  the  Court  of  Impeachment  was  substantially  closed. — 
Henry  H.  Wells  was  appointed  Governor  of  Virginia  by  Gen.  Schofield. 

6th.  The  election  for  State  officers  in  Connecticut  resulted  in  a  democratic  majority.  Gov. 
English  being  elected. — The  new  Constitution  for  Michigan  was  defeated. — The  Arkansas  Sen 
ate  ratified  the  14th  Amendment. — Gen.  Meade  issued  orders  for  the  suppression  of  the  Ku- 
Klux-Klan  and  other  incendiary  organizations  in  his  District. 

8th.  The  Senate  passed  a  bill  relative  to  the  qualification  of  jurors. — The  corner  stone  of 
Booth's  new  theater  was  laid  in  New  York. — Sergeant  Bates,  who  had  walked  from  Vicksburg 
with  the  U.  S.  flag,  and  without  money,  arrived  at  Richmond. 

9th.  The  counsel  for  the  President  opened  the  argument  for  the  defence  in  the  Senate.-- 
The  steamer  Sea  Bird  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  Lake  Michigan,  off  Waukegan,  one  hundred  lives 
lost,  only  two  persons  saved. 

13th.    Gen.  Meade  ordered  a  new  election  in  Georgia. 

14th.  The  steamer  Lexington  was  blown  to  pieces  near  Vicksburg.  Miss.,  during  a  severe 
storm. — The  election  in  South  Carolina  resulted  in  a  majority  of  over  40,000  votes  for  the  new 
Constitution  and  the  Republican  State  ticket. 

15th.  The  impeachment  trial  resumed. — Serious  accident  near  Port  Jervis,  on  the  Erie  rail 
road  ;  many  lives  lost. — Several  vessels  destroyed  by  fire  at  Detroit. 

16th.    Messrs.  Rice  and  McDonald  elected  U.  S.  Senators  for  Arkansas. 

1 7th.  The  Reconstruction  Convention  of  Virginia  adopted  the  new  Constitution. — The  Con 
stitution  of  Louisiana  ratified  by  popular  vote ;  H.  C.  Warmouth  (Rep.)  elected  Governor,  and 
Oscar  J.  Dunn,  (colored,)  Lieutenant  Governor. 

2Oth.  The  evidence  for  the  defence  and  for  the  prosecution  in  the  Impeachment  trial 
closed.— The  election  in  Texas  showed  43,142  for  the  Convention,  and  11,246  against  it.— Election 
in  Georgia ;  for  the  Constitution,  89.007 ;  against  it,  71,309.— Election  in  North  Carolina ;  for  the 
Constitution,  93,118;  against  it,  74,009. 

23d.  Extensive  fire  in  St.  Louis,  destroying  over  a  million  dollars  of  property.— Charles 
Dickens  left  the  United  States. 

24th.    The  Delaware  Republican  State  Convention  declared  its  preference  for  Gen.  Grant  for 
President.— The  President  withdrew  the  nomination  of  Ewing  as  Sec.  of  War,  and  substituted 
Gen.  Schofield.— Gen.  Ord  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  California.— Re 
newal  of  the  bail  bond  of  Jefferson  Davis.— A  treaty  of  peace  concluded  at  Fort  Laramie,  Dako 
tah  Territory,  with  the  Sioux  Indians. 

25th.  Thirty-three  persons  killed  and  wounded  by  an  accident  on  the  Pittsburgh  and 
Alleghany  railroad. 

28th.  Three  large  breweries  at  Houston,  Texas,  valued  at  $300,000,  seized  and  libelled  by 
the  special  Agent  of  the  Treasury  Department. 


1S09.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  745 

May  1st.  The  propeller,  Gov.  Cnshman,  exploded  in  Bufl'alo ;  several  persons  killed  or 
wounded. 

3d.  Terrific  tornado  at  Shanghai,  near  Galesburg,  Illinois ;  2  churches  unroofed,  14  houses 
blown  down,  4  persons  killed  and  40  injured. 

4th.  Bingham  commenced  the  closing  argument  on  the  part  of  the  prosecution  in  the  Im 
peachment  trial. — Election  in  Florida  resulted  in  a  majority  for  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution 
and  the  Republican  State  ticket. 

5th.    The  American  Medical  Association  met  at  Washington. 

6th.  The  Illinois  Republican  Convention  declared  for  Gen.  Grant  for  President,  and  nomi 
nated  John  M.  Palmer  for  Governor.— The  argument  in  the  Impeachment  trial  closed  by  Bingham. 

7th.  The  House  adopted  a  joint  resolution  requesting  the  President  to  send  a  sufficient  num 
ber  of  vessels  of  war  to  the  fishing  grounds  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  adjacent  to  the  British 
Provinces,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  American  vessels  in  the  exercise  of  their  rights.— The 
Iowa  Republican  Convention  favored  the  nomination  of  Gen.  Grant  for  the  Presidency. 

8th.    The  House  passed  the  bill  providing  for  the  admission  of  Arkansas  by  yeas  110,  nays  32. 

12th.    The  National  Fenian  Congress  met  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

13th.  The  Criminal  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  refused  to  admit  John  H.  Surratt  to 
bail,  and  he  was  remanded. 

14th.  The  bill  providing  for  the  admission  of  North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Louisiana 
and  Alabama,  passed  by  yeas,108 ;  nays,  35. 

15th.    The  new  Constitution  of  Mississippi  signed  by  the  members  of  the  Convention. 

16th.  The  Court  of  Impeachment  directed  that  the  vote  be  taken  on  the  llth  article  first;  the 
vote  resulted— for  conviction,  35,  (all  Rep.);  for  acquittal,  19,  (12  Dem.,  7  Rep).— The  House 
adopted  by  88  to  13,  the  resolution  that  the  Managers  be  allowed  to  investigate  whether  corrupt 
means  had  been  employed  to  influence  votes  on  the  impeachment  question  in  the  Senate. 

19th.    Election  ordered  in  Mississippi. 

2Oth.  The  House  agreed  to  the  request  of  the  Impeachment  Managers  that  Chas.  W.  Woolley 
of  Cincinnati  be  brought  to  the  bar  of  the  House.— The  National  Republican  Convention  met 
at  Chicago ;  Carl  Schurz,  of  Missouri,  appointed  temporary  chairman-,  Ex-Governor  Hawley, 
of  Connecticut,  elected  chairman. 

2 1  St.  The  Senate  adopted  the  resolution  to  appoint  a  select  committee  of  three  to  investigate 
whether  improper  means  had  been  used  to  influence  Senators  in  their  consideration  of  the  Im 
peachment  articles. — Gen.  U.  S.  Gi-ant  was  unanimously  nominated  in  Chicago  as  the  Republi 
can  party's  candidate  for  President,  and  Schuyler  Colfax,  Speaker  of  the  House,  was  nominated 
for  the  Vice-Presidency,  on  the  fifth  ballot. 

22d.  Arrival  of  the  Chinese  Embassy  in  New  York.— The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  opened  to 
travel  600  miles  west  from  Omaha. 

24th.    Extensive  fire  in  New  York,  destroying  property  to  the  amount  of  $500,000. 

26th.  The  Impeachment  trial  concluded.  The  vote  on  the  2d  and  3d  articles  was  35  to  19. 
The  Impeachment  on  these  articles  having  failed,  the  High  Court  adjourned  sine  die. — Secre 
tary  Stanton  relinquished  charge  of  the  War  Department. — Gen.  Thomas  assumed  the  duties 
of  Secretary  of  War. 

27th.  The  House  passed  a  bill  for  the  prevention  and  punishment  of  frauds  in  the  revenue, 
and  for  the  prevention  of  smuggling. 

28th.    The  House  passed  a  bill  regulating  the  inspection  and  appraisement  of  imports. 

29th.  Gen.  Grant  formally  accepted  the  nomination  of  the  Chicago  National  Convention.— 
The  graves  of  Union  soldiers  in  the  cemeteries  throughout  the  country  decorated  with  flowers 
by  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.— Heavy  shocks  ot  earthquake  in  Sacramento  and  Virginia 
City. 

3Oth.  A  treaty  concluded  between  the  U.  S.  Government  and  the  Osage  Nation.— Schuyler 
Colfax  accepted  the  nomination  for  Vice-President. 

June  1st.  The  Senate  passed  resolutions  of  thanks  to  Ex-Secretary  Stanton,  for  his  con 
duct  both  in  war  and  peace,  by  a  vote  of  37  to  11.— Gen.  Schofield  confirmed  and  installed  as 
Secretary  of  War.— The  Ohio  Supreme  Court  decided  that  the  bill  disfranchising  persons  having 
a  visible  admixture  of  colored  blood  is  unconstitutional.— Gen.  Stoneman  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  First  Military  District.— The  National  Topographical  Union  met  at  Wash 
ington.— A  call  was  issued  for  a  formation  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  coop 
erate  with  the  societies  of  the  Tennessee,  Cumberland,  Ohio  and  Georgia.— Henderson's  motion 
thanking  Chief  Justice  Chase  for  his  conduct  during  Johnson's  Impeachment  trial  rejected  by  a 
vote  of  11  to  30  in  the  Senate. — The  bill  admitting  Arkansas  passed  the  Senate  by  a  vote  of  34 
to  8.— The  Texas  Reconstruction  Convention  met  at  Austin. 


746  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

2d.  The  Chinese  Embassy  formally  received  by  the  Secretary  of  State.— Gen.  Stoneman  as 
sumed  command  of  Virginia. 

3d.  The  Senate  passed  the  bill  to  provide  for  a  temporary  government  for  the  Territory  of 
Wyoming.— The  National  Board  of  Trade  met  in  Philadelphia.— Callicott  sentenced,  for  whis 
ky  frauds,  to  imprisonment  and  fine. — Jeff.  Davis'  trial  postponed  till  November. 

4th.  Gen.  McDowell  assumed  command  of  the  Fourth  Military  District  (Mississippi  and 
Arkansas). — Ex-President  Buchanan  buried  at  Wheatland. 

5th.  The  Senate  passed  the  bill  providing  that  any  contract  hereafter  made  which  specifies 
payment  to  be  made  in  gold  shall  be  legal  and  may  be  enforced.— Burlingame  and  the  Chinese 
Embassy  received  by  the  President.— The  steamer  Thompson  Dean,  the  largest  on  the  Western 
or  Southern  rivers,  was  launched  at  Cincinnati. 

6th.    The  Senate  agreed  to  the  report  of  the  Conference  Committee  on  the  Arkansas  bill. 

9th.  The  Chinese  Embassy  formally  received  in  the  House  of  Representatives.— William 
Sprague  elected  U.  S.  Senator  of  Rhode  Island.— The  House  of  Representatives  passed  the  bi'.l 
for  the  installation  of  officers  and  the  meeting  of  Legislatures  in  the  Southern  States  by  a  vote 
of  113  to  31.— The  Florida  Senate  ratified  the  14th  Amendment. 

lOth.  The  Senate  passed  the  bill  for  the  admission  of  the  Southern  States,  with  only  five 
negative  votes.— The  House  passed  the  bill  authorizing  a  contract  with  a  New  York  Steamship 
Company  for  the  transportation  of  mails  and  emigrants  between  New  York  and  a  port  in 
Europe. 

1 1th.  The  House  ordered  the  release  from  custody  of  Woolley,  he  having  purged  himself 
from  contempt. — The  New  York  Senate,  as  a  Court  of  Impeachment,  acquitted  Robert  C.  Dorn, 
Canal  Commissioner,  on  all  charges  preferred  against  him. — The  Senate,  by  a  strict  party  vote, 
passed  a  bill  continuing  the  Freedmcn's  Bureau  for  another  year.— The  steamboat  Ocean  Wave 
took  fire  and  burned  to  the  water's  edge  at  Dubuque,  Iowa.—  Very  destructive  fire  atMarquettc, 
Mich. ;  over  100  buildings  burned,  and  $1,000,000  property  destroyed. 

12th.  Reverdy  Johnson  confirmed  as  Minister  to  England. — The  House  agreed  to  the 
Senate's  amendments  to  the  Southern  Restoration  bill,  by  111  votes  to  28. 

15th.  The  House  passed  the  resolution  allowing  civil  service  employees  of  the  government 
an  additional  compensation  of  20  per  cent.,  by  a  vote  of  71  to  58. 

16th.  Gen.  McDowell  removed  Gov.  Humphreys,  of  Mississippi,  and  appointed  Gen.  Ames 
Military  Governor  in  his  stead. 

17th.  The  Senate  passed  the  bill  relating  to  national  currency. — The  North  American  Saen- 
gerfest  held  at  Chicago. 

18th.  Military  review  at  Washington  in  honor  of  the  Chinese  Embassy. — A  steam  fire  engine 
exploded  in  New  York ;  6  persons  killed  and  22  wounded. — The  House  reconsidered  the  bill 
granting  20  per  cent,  additional  pay  to  government  employees,  and  the  original  bill  was  laid  on 
the  table  by  a  vote  of  68  to  64. 

19th.  The  House  agreed  to  the  Senate  bill  giving  thanks  to  Ex-Secretary  Stanton,  by  a  vote 
of  102  to  24. 

2Oth.  The  President  vetoed  the  bill  for  the  admission  of  Arkansas.  It  was  immediately 
passed  over  his  veto  without  debate,  by  a  vote  of  111  to  31. — Collision  between  the  steamer 
Morning  Star  and  bark  Cortland  on  Lake  Erie ;  20  persons  were  drowned. 

22d.  The  Senate  passed  the  Arkansas  bill  over  the  President's  veto  by  a  vote  of  30  to  7. — 
Election  in  Mississippi  resulted  in  a  majority  against  the  Constitution. — Surratt  discharged  on 
$20.000  bail. 

23d.  The  House  fixed  the  tax  on  whisky  at  fifty  cents  per  gallon. — Senators  Rice  and 
McDonald  of  Arkansas,  admitted  to  seats  in  the  U.  S.  Senate. 

24th.  The  Senate  passed,  by  a  vote  of  26  to  11,  the  bill  making  eight  hours  a  day's  work  for 
laborers  and  mechanics  in  government  employ. — The  Arkansas  Representatives  were  admitted 
to  their  seats. — International  Convention  of  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  at  Detroit. 

25th.  The  Southern  Restoration  bill  admitting  the  States  of  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Louisiana,  Georgia,  Alabama  and  Florida,  to  representation  in  Congress,  was  passed  over  the 
President's  veto  by  35  to  8  in  the  Senate.  The  House  likewise  passed  it  immediately  over  the 
reto  by  a  vote  of  105  to  30. 

26th.  The  Senate  passed  the  Legislative  Appropriation  bill. — The  House  passed  the  Tax 
bill.— The  German  Saengerfest  began  at  Milwaukee. 

27th.  Gen.  McMahon  confirmed  as  Minister  to  Paraguay.— The  House  passed  a  joint  resolu 
tion  that  Indian  lands,  where  disposed  of  by  treaty,  be  conveyed  direct  to  the  United  States. 

28th.  Gov.  Baker  and  Lieut.  Gov.  Voorhies,  of  Louisiana,  removed  by  Gen.  Buchanan  by 
order  of  Gen.  Grant. 


EECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  747 

29th.  The  Senate  and  House  passed  the  bill  extending  the  time  for  the  completion  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  for  two  years  from  the  2d  of  July,  1SG8,  requiring  the  completion  of 
the  whole  line  by  July  4,  1870. — The  newly  elected  officers  in  Louisiana  installed ;  the  Legisla 
ture  meeting  on  the  same  day.  4  of  the  Senate  were  pure  negroes,  and  several  of  mixed  blood. 
The  proportion  of  negroes  in  the  House  was  still  larger.  Both  Houses  set  aside  the  Test  Oath 
and  admitted  members  to  seats  on  their  taking  the  constitutional  oath.— The  national  Schuetzen- 
fest  in  New  York  began. 

SOth.    U.  S.  Senator  Osborne,  of  Florida,  admitted. 

July  1st.  Gen.  Gillem  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Fourth  Military  District.— Gen. 
Meade  issued  an  order  directing  all  military  rule  to  cease  in  Florida.— The  North  Carolina 
Legislature  met  and  ratified  the  14th  Amendment. 

2d.  The  Senate  passed  the  Civil  Appropriation  bill.— The  Senate  passed  the  bill  granting  to 
the  Western  Pacific  Railroad  the  use  of  Yerba  Buena  Island,  in  San  Francisco  Harbor,  for  the 
erection  of  depots,  machine  shops,  &c.,  by  28  votes  to  8.— The  lower  branch  of  the  Louisiana 
Legislature  adopted  the  Constitutional  Amendment.— The  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  de 
cided  the  registry  law  and  the  act  preventing  soldiers  from  voting  unconstitutional. 

4th.  President  Johnson  issued  a  proclamation  of  general  amnesty  and  pardon  to  all  engaged 
in  the  late  rebellion,  except  those  already  indicted  for  treason  or  other  felony. — The  Governors 
of  Georgia  (Bullock)  and  Alabama  (Smith)  were  installed  by  Gen.  Meade.— The  National  Dem 
ocratic  Convention  met  at  New  York,  Horatio  Seymour  presiding. — Gen.  Canby,  on  the  ratifica 
tion  of  the  Constitutional  Amendment  by  the  North  Carolina  Legislature,  issued  an  order  sus 
pending  military  law  in  that  State.— The  Georgia  Legislature  convened  at  Atlanta.— Gen.  Augur 
concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Eastern  Shoshones  and  Barrock  Indians. 

6th.    The  South  Carolina  Legislature  organized. 

7th.  Thad.  Stevens  presented  articles  of  impeachment  against  President  Johnson.— The  Sen 
ate  passed  a  bill  continuing  in  force  the  act  increasing  the  salaries  of  District  Judges  from  $2,000 
to  $3,500.— The  House  passed  a  bill  to  modify  the  warehouse  system.— The  South  Carolina  Sen 
ate  adopted  the  Constitutional  amendment. 

8th.  The  House  passed  the  bill  for  the  removal  of  political  disabilities. — Scott  inaugurated 
as  governor  of  South  Carolina. 

9th.  The  National  Democratic  Convention  nominated  Horatio  Seymour  of  New  York  for 
President  on  the  22d  ballot,  and  F.  P.  Blair,  Jr.,  of  Missouri,  for  Vice  President  on  the  1st  ballot. 
—The  Senate  passed  the  Tax  bill.— The  House  passed  a  bill  providing  that  the  Constitution 
adopted  by  the  Virginia  Convention  shall  be  submitted  to  the  people  for  ratification  on  the  13th, 
14th,  and  15th  of  August.— The  Louisiana  Senate,  and  the  lower  House  of  the  South  Carolina 
Legislature,  ratified  the  14th- Amendment.— The  Varieties  Theater  in  Cincinnati  destroyed 
by  fire.— Fearful  accident  on  the  Erie  railroad  near  French  creek ;  many  persons  killed  and 
wounded. 

1  Oth.  The  Senate  passed  the  bill  excluding  from  the  Electoral  College  the  votes  of  such  States 
lately  in  rebellion  as  shall  not  have  been  reorganized. — The  House  passed  the  joint  resolution 
to  extend  to  the  1st  of  Jan.  1869,  the  time  for  collection  of  the  direct  tax  in  the  South ;  also  the 
bill  for  distributing  the  rewards  for  the  capture  of  Jefferson  Davie  ;  also  the  bill  regulating  the 
retirement  of  officers. — The  hottest  day  known  for  years. 

1 1th.  The  Senate  passed  the  bill  for  the  discontinuance  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  on  the  1st 
Of  January  next.— The  House  passed  the  bill  in  reference  to  the  representation  of  the  Southern 
States  in  the  Electoral  College,  by  a  vote  of  112  to  21 ;  also  a  joint  resolution  relative  to  refining 
gold  and  silver  at  the  mint.— The  President  issued  a  proclamation  announcing  the  ratification 
of  the  14th  Constitutional  Amendment  by  the  Legislature  of  North  Carolina,  but  ignoring  its 
ratification  by  Florida. 

1 3th.  The  House  passed  the  bill  providing  for  the  discontinuance  of  the  Freedmen's  Bureau, 
104  to  42,  in  States  fully  restored  to  representation.— The  Senate  passed  the  bill  authorizing  the 
construction  of  a  bi'idge  over  the  Mississippi  at  St.  Louis.— Gen.  Canby  issued  his  order  for  the 
restoration  of  civil  law  in  South  Carolina.— The  provisional  officers  of  Alabama  were  installed 
and  the  Legislature  assembled.— Prof.  Wilson  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  discovered  another  planet.— 
Gov.  Warmouth,  of  Louisiana,  was  installed.— Boyden  and  Dockery,  two  Republicans  from 
North  Carolina,  admitted  to  their  seats. — The  Legislature  of  Alabama  ratified  the  14th  Amend 
ment. 

14th.    The  Senate  passed  the  Funding  bill.— The  House  passed  the  Alaska  bill. 

15th.  William  M.  Evarts  confirmed  as  Attorney  General.— The  House  agreed  to  the  report 
of  the  Conference  Committee  on  the  Tax  bill.— Serious  riot  in  Millican,  Texas,  between  whites 
and  negroes ;  12  persons  killed. 


7-48  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

16th.  The  Senate  passed  a  bill  to  extend  the  laws  of  the  United  States  over  Alaska;  also 
the  Indian  Appropriation  bill. — Fifty  persons  died  in  New  York  from  the  effects  of  the  heat. — 
The  riot  at  Millican,  Texas,  continued,  45  persons  killed  during  four  days. 

17th.  The  Senators  elect  from  North  Carolina  and  Louisiana  sworn  in.— The  Senate  passed 
the  Three  Per  Cent.  Temporary  Loan  bill ;  also  the  bill  appropriating  $7,200,000  in  com  for  the 
payment  of  Alaska ;  also  the  Deficiency  Appropriation  bill.— Strike  of  the  Philadelphia  gas 
men  ;  the  city  was  in  darkness. 

18th.  Five  Louisiana  and  two  South  Carolina  members  sworn  in. — The  Georgia  House  of 
Representatives  decided  that  all  its  sitting  members  were  eligible. — President  Johnson  sent  a 
message  to  Congress,  recommending  certain  amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

2Oth.  The  Senate  passed  a  bill  relating  to  pensions. — The  President's  veto  of  the  bill 
relating  to  the  vote  in  the  Electoral  College  received  by  the  Senate,  and  the  bill  immediately 
passed  over  the  veto,  by  45  votes  to  8. — The  bill  for  the  military  peace  establishment  of  the 
United  States  was  passed. — The  House  passed  over  the  President's  veto,  the  Electoral  College 
bill  by  a  vote  of  134  to  36. — The  House  agreed  to  a  resolution  sympathizing  with  Crete  in  her 
struggle  for  independence. — Secretary  Seward  issued  a  proclamation  announcing  that  the  Con 
stitutional  Amendment  had  been  ratified  by  the  necessary  number  of  States,  if  Ohio  and  New 
Jersey  were  counted  in.— The  President  signed  the  Whisky  and  Tobacco  bill.— Boweu,  of  South 
Carolina,  and  Lash  of  North  Carolina,  admitted  as  Representatives.— Three  express  robbers 
were  taken  from  the  train  and  hanged  by  a  mob,  near  Seymour,  Indiana. 

21st.  Congress  adopted  a  concurrent  resolution  declaring  the  14th  Article  ratified.— The 
Senate  passed  a  resolution  appealing  to  the  Turkish  Government  in  favor  of  the  Cretans.— 
The  Georgia  Legislature  ratified  the  14th  Article  of  Amendment. 

22d.    The  House  passed  the  bill  organizing  Wyoming  Territory. 

23d.  The  House  passed  the  bill  to  facilitate  the  establishment  of  a  line  of  steamers  to 
Europe ;  also  the  Alaska  Appropriation  bill. 

24th.  The  Senate  passed  a  joint  resolution  in  regard  to  the  provisional  Governments  in  the 
States  of  Texas  and  Virginia,  and  ratified  the  Chinese  treaty.— The  House  passed  the  bill  for 
the  issue  of  $25,000,000  temporary  loan  certificates. — The  House  passed  a  bill  for  the  speedy  re 
organization  of  the  States  of  Virginia,  Mississippi,  and  Texas. — Heavy  storm  in  Baltimore  and 
Ellicott  City ;  several  lives  lost  and  $3,000,000  worth  of  property  destroyed  by  inundation. 

25th.  The  Senate  adopted  the  bill  for  the  protection  of  American  citizens  abroad  by  a  vote 
of  39  to  5.— The  Senate  passed  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  bill  over  the  President's  veto  by  a  vote 
of  42  to  5.— It  was  likewise  passed  in  the  House. 

27th.  Gen.  Rosecrans  was  confirmed  as  Minister  to  Mexico.— The  House  passed  the  Fund- 
Ing  bill  by  a  vote  of  104  to  32.— The  Tennessee  Legislature  met  in  Nashville. 

28th.  Congress  took  a  recess  until  September  21.— The  War  Department  abolished  the  2d 
and  3d  military  districts,  the  states  of  these  districts  having  fully  complied  with  the  Recon 
struction  laws.— Secretary  Seward  issued  a  final  proclamation  stating  that  the  14th  amendment 
to  the  U.  S.  Constitution  had  been  adopted  by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  states, 
and  had  now  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution. 

29th.    The  National  Temperance  Convention  met  in  Cleveland. 

SOth.    Miners'  strike  in  Pennsylvania. 

31st.  The  President  proclaimed  officially  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  between  the  United 
States  and  the  North  German  Confederation  regarding  citizenship.— Great  fire  in  Oil  City,  Pa. ; 
over  200  houses  burnt.— Depredations  of  Indians  in  Arizona. 

August  1st.  The  U.  S.  war  steamer  Suwanee  was  reported  a  total  loss. — The  Alabama 
Senate  authorized  the  Governor  to  organize  the  militia  whenever  he  should  see  proper.— The 
Military  Division  of  the  Pacific,  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Halleck,  was  subdivided  into  three 
districts,  as  follows:  Department  of  California,  Gen.  Ord ;  Department  of  the  Columbia,  Gen. 
Crook ;  Department  of  Alaska,  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis. 

3d.  The  election  in  Kentucky  resulted  in  a  Democratic  majority  of  88,678.— The  Florida 
Legislature  took  the  choice  of  Presidential  electors  from  the  people  and  vested  it  in  the 
Legislature. 

5th.  Gen.  Canby,  commanding  the  2d  Military  District,  relinquished  officially  his  command, 
the  civil  government  having  been  restored. 

6th.  Five  steamers  were  destroyed  by  fire  at  Cincinnati.— Gov.  Warmouth,  of  Louisiana, 
stated  to  the  President  that  150  murders  had  been  committed  in  that  state  in  6  weeks,  and  asked 
for  the  protection  of  U.  S.  troops.— The  first  colored  jury  impannelled  in  Tennessee,  at  Nashville. 

7th.  The  Senate  of  the  Alabama  Legislature  passed  the  bill  providing  for  the  casting  of  the 
electoral  vote  by  the  Legislature ;  and  the  lower  House  passed  the  electoral  bill. 


1869.]  KECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  749 

9th.  The  lower  house  of  the  Louisiana  Legislature  passed  a  new  militia  bill,  making  it  a 
penal  offence  to  organize  a  military  company  except  under  orders  of  the  Governor. 

1 1th.  Death  of  Thaddeus  Stevens  at  Washington.— Gov.  Smith,  of  Alabama,  vetoed  the  bill 
to  choose  Presidential  electors  by  the  Legislature.— Gen.  Gillem  assumed  the  command  of  the 
Department  of  Mississippi. 

13th.    Gen.  Can  by  assumed  command  of  the  Department  of  Washington. 

14th.    Encke's  comet  was  observed  from  the  Washington  Naval  Observatory. 

17th.    The  National  Teachers'  Association  met  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

18th.  Gen.  Buchanan,  commanding  the  Department  of  Louisiana,  issued  an  order  forbidding 
any  interference  of  the  military  with  civil  matters,  without  special  instruction  from  head-quar 
ters,  and  to  be  prepared  for  any  emergency  which  might  threaten  the  public  peace. 

2Oth.    The  Chinese  Embassy  in  Boston. 

22d.  Gen.  Sherman  directed  Gen.  Sheridan  to  pursue  and  punish  the  hostile  Indians  in 
Kansas. 

23d.  Gen.  Rosecrans  met  a  number  of  prominent  Generals  of  the  late  Southern  Confedera 
tion  at  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Va. 

24th.  Gen.  Sheridan  directed  the  forcible  removal  of  the  Indians  to  their  reservations ;  all 
commercial  or  friendly  intercourse  with  them  was  forbidden.— Civil  conflict  in  three  counties 
in  Arkansas. 

25th.  The  American  yacht  Sappho  was  beaten  in  the  match  sailing  round  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
by  British  yachts. 

28th.  Gen.  Grant  issued  instructions  to  the  Southern  commanders  relative  to  the  military 
aid  to  be  given  to  the  civil  authorities.— The  Arrapahoes  committed  depredations  in  Colorado. 
—Gov.  Hall  called  on  Gen.  Sheridan  for  assistance.— The  lower  house  of  the  Louisiana  Legis 
lature  prohibited  any  distinction  on  account  of  color  or  previous  condition  on  the  routes  of 
travel,  places  of  entertainment,  and  of  public  resort. 

31st.  Proclamation  by  the  Governor  of  South  Carolina,  appealing  to  the  citizens  of  the  state 
to  refrain  from  and  discountenance  all  demonstrations  whereby  the  public  peace  may  be  en 
dangered.— The  Texas  Constitutional  Convention  adjourned  until  first  Monday  of  December.— 
The  lower  branch  of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  passed  the  militia  bill.— The  Georgia  Senate 
unanimously  authorized  the  Governor  to  issue  a  proclamation  disbanding  armed  associations 
throughout  the  state.— Beginning  of  the  German  Saeugerfest  at  Pittsburgh. 

September  1st.  Military  order  of  Gen.  Buchanan,  defining  the  relations  between  mili 
tary  and  civil  officers  in  Louisiana;  the  Sheriff  has  a  right,  in  cases  of  resistance  to  his 
authority,  to  request  the  assistance  of  troops ;  the  military  commander  must  render  the  assist 
ance  if  satisfied  as  to  its  necessity ;  otherwise  apply  for  special  instructions  to  head-quar 
ters. — The  state  election  in  Vermont  resulted  in  a  large  majority  for  the  Republican  candidate 
for  Governor. 

3d.  The  Georgia  House  declared  negroes  ineligible  to  seats ;  25  of  the  colored  members 
leave  the  House. 

7th.  Three  horse  thieves  hanged  near  Des  Moines.— The  propeller  Hippocampus,  en  route 
from  St.  Joseph  to  Chicago,  foundered  and  sunk ;  38  lives  were  lost. 

8th.  Election  in  Colorado ;  Republican  Delegates  to  Congress  elected.— The  Republicans  in 
New  Mexico  elected  Delegate  to  Congress,  and  two-thirds  of  the  Legislature.— Prof.  Watson, 
of  the  Detroit  Observatory,  announced  the  discovery  of  another  minor  planet,  shining  like  a 
star  of  the  tenth  magnitude.— Fight  with  the  Indians,  within  two  miles  of  Fort  Lyon ;  2  Indians 
and  2  soldiers  killed. 

9th.  The  Republican  State  Convention  of  Massachusetts  nominated  William  Claflin  for 
Governor.— The  Governor  of  Georgia  protested  against  the  expulsion  of  the  colored  mem 
bers  of  the  House ;  the  latter  returned  the  protest  with  a  resolution  that  the  members  of  each 
House  were  to  judge  of  the  qualification  of  its  members.— The  Chinese  Embassy  sailed  for 
Europe. 

lOth.  The  Lincoln  Monument  Association  adopted  the  design  of  the  American  Sculptor 
Mead. — The  Governor  of  Georgia  issued  a  proclamation  against  armed  organizations. — A  baud 
of  Cheyennes  invaded  the  towns  of  Sheridan  and  Butler,  Kansas. 

1 1th.  A  delegation  of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  had  an  interview  with  the  President  relative 
to  the  shocking  state  of  affairs  in  that  state,  brought  about  by  the  Ku  Klux  Klan. — Orders  were 
issued  to  Gen.  G.  H.  Thomas  to  state  how  many  additional  troops  were  required  to  enforce  the 
execution  of  the  laws  in  Tennessee.— The  Tennessee  Legislature  passed  the  militia  bill. 

12th.  The  President  promised  the  delegates  of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  to  direct  Gen. 
Thomas  to  furnish  whatever  military  force  might  be  necessary  to  aid  the  civil  officers  in  carry- 


750  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

ing  out  the  laws. — The  Georgia  Senate  declared  the  two  colored  members  ineligible  by  a  vote 
of  25  to  11. 

14th.  The  Republicans  in  Maine  elected  their  state  ticket  (majority  over  20,000),  and 
all  the  members  of  Congress. — Gen.  Rousseau  arrived  at  New  Orleans  and  assumed  com 
mand  of  the  Department  of  Louisiana.— The  Georgia  House  of  Representatives  resolved 
that  the  negro  members  having  one-eighth  negro  blood  are  ineligible  ;  sixty-nine  Republicans 
refused  to  vote. 

15th.  The  Oregon  Legislature  met  at  Salem.— A  band  of  Indians  defeated  on  the  banks  of 
the  Big  Sandy.— A  terrible  conflagration  raged  in  the  forests  of  Oregon  and  California,  on  both 
sides  of  the  Columbia  river. 

1 6th.  The  Nevada  Union  State  Convention  met  at  Carson  City.— Gov.  Brownlow,  of  Tennes 
see,  issued  hie  proclamation  calling  for  loyal  militia  to  put  down  the  armed  conspirators  in  the 
State.— The  Alabama  Legislature  met  in  extra  session  at  Montgomery.— The  billiard  champion 
ship  of  America  was  won  at  Chicago  by  McDevitt  against  Dion  of  Montreal. 

1 7th.  The  Georgia  House  of  Representatives  passed  the  bill  excluding  negroes  from  the  jury. 
—Indians  attacked  Government  troops  under  Col.  Forsythe,  and  held  them  in  siege  for  three  days. 
—Game  of  Cricket  between  the  All-England  Eleven,  and  twenty-two  American  players  of  the  St. 
George's  Club,  New  York,  was  finished ;  score— All-England,  185  runs ;  St.  George's,  61  rune. 

18th.    Gen.  Hindman  was  assassinated  at  Helena,  Arkansas. 

19th.  The  Louisiana  Senate  passed  the  House  bill  prohibiting  any  personal  distinctions  in 
railroad  cars,  steamboats  or  in  places  of  public  resort.— A  republican  meeting  in  Camilla,  Geor 
gia,  was  fired  into  and  broken  up  ;  7  negroes  killed,  and  30  to  40  wounded.— Reign  of  terror  in 
Arkansas. 

2 1st.  Opening  of  the  second  session  of  the  National  Labor  Congress  ;  a  women's  delegation 
was  admitted.— The  Surratt  case  was  called  up  in  Washington,  and  a  nolle  prosequi  entered  on 
the  first  charge.— The  two  Houses  of  Congress  met ;  they  resolved  to  adjourn  until  the  16th  of 
October. — Both  Houses  of  the  Alabama  Legislature  adopted  a  resolution  asking  the  President 
to  send  IT.  S.  troops  to  that  State  to  aid  in  preserving  the  peace.— A  joint  resolution  was  passed 
by  the  Louisiana  House  of  Representatives,  requesting  their  Senators  and  Representatives  in 
Congress  to  propose  and  support  the  repeal  of  the  act  by  which  the  organization  of  the  militia 
of  the  State  was  prohibited. 

22d.  The  trial  of  John  H.  Surratt  was  resumed  at  Washington ;  he  pleaded  benefit  of  the 
Amnesty  Proclamation  of  President  Johnson  of  July  4.— The  horse  John  Stewart  trotted  20 
miles,  drawing  his  driver  and  wagon,  in  59  m.  23  sec. 

23d.  Three  negroes  were  admitted  to  the  South  Carolina  bar.— Surratt' s  plea  was  overruled 
by  the  court. 

24th.  Surratt  was  discharged.— Severe  fight  on  the  Delaware  Fork  between  Col.  Forsyth 
and  Indians. 

28th.  Gov.  Warmouth's  veto  of  the  Negro  Equality  bill  was  sustained  in  the  Louisiana 
House. 

29th.    Gen.  McClellan  arrived  at  New  York  from  Europe. 

October  1st.    Great  mass  meeting  of  the  "Boys  in  Blue"  in  Philadelphia. 

2d.    Great  floods  in  Arizona. 

5th.  Grand  Democratic  demonstration  in  New  York.— The  corner  stone  of  the  new  Illinois 
State-House  was  laid  at  Springfield. 

6th.  Political  riots  in  Pittsburg.— The  New  York  State  Colored  Men's  Convention  was  held 
at  Utica. — The  propeller  Perseverance  was  burned  15  miles  off  Putneyville,  on  Lake  Ontario ; 
14  persons  perished  in  the  flames. 

7th.    The  Indian  Peace  Commission  met  at  Chicago. 

lOth.    Ku  Klux  Klan  disturbances  in  Arkansas. 

1 2th.  President  Johnson  issued  a  proclamation  appointing  Nov.  26th  as  a  day  of  National 
Thanksgiving  and  Prayer. 

1 3th.  The  election  in  Pennsylvania  resulted  in  a  Republican  majority  of  9,677 ;  that  in  Ohio 
in  a  Republican  majority  of  17,388;  the  one  in  Indiana  in  a  Republican  majority  of  961.— Tho 
election  in  Nebraska  was  carried  by  the  Republicans. 

14th.  An  old  man,  named  Mapes,  living  in  Cooper  County,  Mo.,  was  murdered  by  his  wife 
and  two  men ;  after  their  arrest,  the  men  were  hung  by  a  mob. 

15th.  A  steamer,  conveying  State  arms  belonging  to  Arkansas,  from  Memphis  to  Little 
Rock,  was  seized  by  a  band  of  disguised  men,  and  the  arms  thrown  into  the  river. 

16th.  Congress  met  and  adjourned  to  Nov.  10th. — The  negro  preacher,  Randolph,  member 
of  the  South  Carolina  Senate,  was  shot  down  at  Cokesville. 


18C9.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  7~j 

17th.  The  Sheriff  and  Parish  Judge  of  St.  Mary'e  Parish,  Louisiana,  were  assassinated  at 
Franklin. — Troops,  in  small  numbers,  were  ordered  to  various  points  in  the  South. 

18th.  The  Oregon  Legislature  adopted  a  resolution  withdrawing  the  consent  of  the  State  to 
the  adoption  of  the  14th  amendment. 

19th.    The  New  York  "World"  suggested  the  withdrawal  of  Frank  Blair. 

21st.  A  number  of  serious  earthquakes  occurred  in  California;  several  lives  were  lost  and 
much  property  destroyed. — The  statue  of  Gen.  Sedgwick  was  unveiled  at  West  Point. 

22d.    State  election  in  West  Virginia ;  it  was  carried  by  the  Republicans. 

23d.  James  Hin<?,  member  of  Congress  of  Arkansas,  was  assassinated  in  Monroe  County. — 
Great  political  riot  at  Carrollton,  La. — Another  shock  of  an  earthquake  at  San  Francisco. — On 
the  Hudson  River  railroad,  near  Greenbush,  three  passenger  cars  wei'e  thrown  from  the  track 
and  smashed  ;  two  persons  were  killed  and  40  injured. 

24th.  Fight  between  white  and  black  political  clubs  in  New  Orleans ;  8  persons  were  killed, 
and  many  wounded. 

25th.  Riot  in  St.  Bernard,  near  New  Orleans. — Col.  Carpenter  routed  the  Cheyennes  and 
Arrapahoes  at  Buffalo  Station,  Kansas. — Another  fight  at  Shortness  Creek. 

26th.  Gov.  Warmouth,  of  Louisiana,  applied  to  Gen.  Rousseau  to  take  charge  of  the  parishes 
of  Orleans,  Jefferson,  and  St.  Bernard,  and  keep  the  peace. — Gen.  Schofield,  Secretary  of  War, 
authorized  Gen.  Rousseau  to  take  such  action  as  might  be  necessary  to  preserve  peace  and  good 
order,  and  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  the  citizens. — Gen.  Rousseau  appointed  Gen. 
Steadman  Chief  of  Police. 

3Oth.    Five  desperadoes  were  hung  near  Gelner,  Nebraska,  by  a  Vigilance  Committee. 

November  1st.  A  train  on  the  Union  Pacific  railroad  was  captured  by  the  Indians,  and 
destroyed. 

2d.    Severe  gales  on  the  Northern  Lakes ;  several  vessels  were  destroyed. 

3d.  Gen.  Grant  was  elected  President  of  the  United  States.— Speaker  Colfax  was  elected 
Vice  President. 

4t]ft.    The  Widows'  Home,  at  Mount  Auburn,  near  Cincinnati,  was  burned. 

5th.  Two  thousand  stand  of  arms,  in  transit  by  railroad  from  Jacksonville  to  Tallahassee, 
were  seized  near  Madison,  by  a  party  of  unknown  persons. — Gen.  Canby  was  directed  by  the 
President  to  relieve  Gen.  Reynolds  of  the  command  of  the  district  of  Texas. — Gen.  Wallace  suc 
ceeded  Gen.  Cauby  in  command  of  the  Department  of  Washington. — The  railroad  bridge  across 
the  Mississippi,  at  Quiucy,  was  finished  and  tested. — The  corner  stone  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum 
was  laid  at  Athens,  Ohio. 

6th.  The  statement  of  the  public  debt  showed  a  decrease,  during  October,  of  $7,514.166. — The 
President  published,  in  a  proclamation,  the  text  of  an  extradition  treaty  with  Italy. — Gov.  Reed, 
of  Florida,  was  impeached  for  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. — Earthquake  shocks  in  San  Fran 
cisco. — S.  Thurlow,  a  prominent  Republican,  was  shot  at  Huntsville,  Ala. — Gov.  Reed,  of  Florida, 
declared  the  Legislature  of  that  State  to  be  an  illegal  body.— Conflict  of  authority  between  him 
and  Lieut.  Gov.  Gleason.— Conclusion  of  a  naturalization  treaty  with  Bavaria. 

9th.  Gov.  Clayton,  of  Arkansas,  authorized  the  raising  of  60,000  militia  in  the  State,  to  quell 
serious  political  troubles.— Ratification  of  treaties  with  Kansas  Indians.— Admiral  Farragut  ar 
rived  in  New  York.— Gen.  Read,  of  Kentucky,  committed  suicide  at  Louisville. 

lOth.  Both  Houses  of  Congress  met  and  at  once  adjourned.— England  and  the  United  States 
agreed  to  submit  the  Alabama  affair  to  arbitration. 

1 1th.    The  Fox  and  Wisconsin  Rivers  Improvement  Convention  met  at  Prairie  du  Chien. 

13th.    Great  meteoric  display. 

14th.  Two  ferry  boats  on  the  East  River  collided,  killing  five  and  seriously  injuring  21  per 
sons.— The  steamer  Matanzas  was  destroyed  by  fire  while  at  sea,  off  Cape  Hatteras. 

15th.    Large  fire  in  St.  Louis  ;  loss  $400,000. 

16th.  Gen.  Sheridan  left  Fort  Hays  for  the  Canadian  river,  to  assume  command  against 
the  Indians  who  had  about  7,000  warriors.— The  steamer  J.  N.  McCullough  sunk  near  Madison, 
Indiana. 

18th.  The  Central  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,  at  Columbus,  was  burned;  several  patients  were 
burned  or  smothered  to  death. 

19th.  Gen.  McMahon,  Minister  to  Paraguay,  received  instructions  to  proceed  to  Asuncion 
with  Rear  Admiral  Davis  and  a  naval  squadron,  and  redress  the  wrongs  committed  by  Lopez  on 
American  citizens.— The  Hellespont  was  wrecked  on  the  California  coast;  12  lives  lost. 

2Oth.  Gen.  Sherman  strongly  recommended  the  transfer  of  the  Indian  Bureau  to  the  War 
Department.— Red  Cloud,  and  other  prominent  Indian  Chiefs,  signed  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the 
United  States.— Conflicts  between  the  Government  troops  and  the  Ku  Klux,  in  Arkansas.  The 


752  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

latter  were  worsted  at  Centre  Point,  Sevier  County.— The  office  of  the  Iliad,  (a  Republican 
paper),  at  Homer,  La.,  was  mobbed  and  destroyed. — Reports  of  discoveries  of  silver  ore  in  the 
White  Pine  region  of  Nevada. 

23d.  Gen.  Howard  issued  an  order  providing  for  the  discontinuance  of  the  Freedmen's  Bu 
reau  after  Jan.  1st,  with  the  exception  of  the  educational  department,  and  the  collection  of 
money  due  to  soldiers. 

24th.  Editor  Pollard,  of  Richmond,  shot  and  instantly  killed.— The  Legislatures  of  South 
Carolina  and  Arkansas  assembled. 

25th.  The  steamship  Hibernia  foundered  off  the  Irish  coast. — Chief  Justice  Chase  ordered 
that  the  test-oath  for  Grand  Jurors  be  dispensed  with. — The  Governor  of  Arkansas  declared 
martial  law  in  several  counties. 

26th.    National  Thanksgiving  day  throughout  the  United  States. 

27th.  Gen.  Custar  fought  and  defeated  the  Cheyennes  under  Black  Kettle,  on  the  north  fork 
of  the  Wachita  river. — The  Fenian  Congress  met  in  Philadelphia. — Serious  depredations  of  the 
Indians  in  Arizona. 

December  1st.    Burning  of  Fort  La  Fayette. 

2d.    Loretta,  a  small  town  in  California,  was  destroyed  by  earthquake. 

4th.  The  Alabama  Senate  made  the  wearing  of  disguises  and  masks  by  any  number  of  men, 
a  crime  punishable  by  fine  and  imprisonment. — Meeting  of  the  National  Board  of  Trade  in 
Cincinnati. 

5th.  Terrible  collision  of  the  two  steamers  United  States  and  America  on  the  Ohio,  64  miles 
below  Cincinnati,  with  a  loss  of  72  lives ;  both  boats  were  burned. 

6th.    Ku  Klux  outrages  in  Tennessee. 

7th.  Beginning  of  the  third  session  of  the  Fortieth  Congress.— The  House  adopted  a  resolu 
tion  relative  to  amendments  to  the  naturalization  laws,  by  125  votes  to  32. — Heavy  snow  storm 
all  over  the  country. 

8th.  The  House  passed  by  105  to  51,  the  bill  regulating  the  duties  on  imported  cop 
per  and  copper  ores ;  also  a  bill  providing  for  the  transfer  of  the  Indian  Bureau  from  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  to  the  War  Department,  by  116  to  33.— Outrages  of  the  Ku 
Klux  in  West  Tennessee. 

9th.  The  House,  by  a  vote  of  125  to  38,  laid  the  President's  Message  on  the  table  and  ordered 
it  to  be  printed.  It  also  passed  the  Virginia  Election  bill. 

1 1th.  Express  robbers  were  hung  in  the  New  Albany  jail,  Indiana,  by  a  band  of  regulators 
from  Seymour. 

13th.    A  lady  was  admitted  as  a  law  student  in  a  St.  Louis  college. 

1 4th.  The  House  agreed  to  a  resolution  to  sustain  the  public  credit,  and  denounced  all  forms 
of  repudiation.— The  Supreme  Court  of  Florida  rendered  judgment  denying  the  claims  of  Lieu 
tenant  Governor  Gleason. 

15th.    President  Johnson's  views  on  the  National  Debt  denounced  in  the  U.  S.  Senate. 

16th.  The  House  passed  the  bill  repealing  the  act  prohibiting  the  organization  of  militia  in 
all  the  reconstructed  States  except  Georgia. — A  resolution  was  passed  by  123  to  27,  allowing 
women  in  the  Government  employ  the  wages  of  men  for  the  same  work. — Four  companies  of 
militia  entered  the  town  of  Lewisburg,  Ark.,  and  set  fire  to  two  warehouses. 

1 7th.  The  Senate  adopted  by  42  to  6,  a  resolution  disapproving  the  President's  financial 
recommendation. — Fight  in  Arkansas  between  citizens  and  militia. 

18th.    The  Senate  passed  a  resolution  of  sympathy  with  Spain,  by  a  vote  of  41  to  5. 

21st.    Congress  adjourned  to  January  5. 

22d.  Two  pickpockets  were  taken  from  a  train  near  Memphis,  and  hung  to  a  tree.— A 
Woman's  Suffrage  Convention  was  held  at  Concord,  N.  H. 

23d.  The  U.  S.  authorities  confiscated  a  distillery  in  Boston,  worth  $150,000.— Ku  Klux 
Klan  outrages  in  Tennessee. 

24th.    Extensive  Ku  Klux  depredations  in  Kentucky. 

25th.  President  Johnson  issued  a  Universal  Amnesty  proclamation.— Secretary  Welles  ac 
cepted  the  transfer  of  League  Island,  by  the  city  of  Philadelphia  to  the  Government,  for  a  navy 
yard. 

26th.  Destructive  fire  at  Lynn,  Mass.— The  office  of  the  "Register,"  at  Marksville,  La., 
was  totally  destroyed  by  a  mob. 

29th.  Mosby  Clark,  an  old  revolutionary  soldier,  died  at  Richmond,  Va.,  at  the  age  of 
121  years. 

3Oth.  The  Dakota  House  of  Representatives  voted  in  favor  of  female  suffrage.— Gen. 
Sheridan  captured  the  Indian  Chiefs  Santanta  and  Lone  Wolf. 


1WJU.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  753 

FOREIGN  STATES-AMERICA. 

ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC. 

January.  Rosario,  on  the  Parana  River,  in  rebellion  against  the  authority  of  President 
Mitre,  declared  for  Gen.  Urquiza. — The  cholera  subsided  in  Buenos  Ayres. 

February.    The  State  of  Entrerios  joined  Rosario  in  the  revolt. 

June.    Sarmiento  elected  President. 

August  13th.  Terrible  storm  in  Buenos  Ayres,  attended  with  great  loss  of  life ;  numerous 
vessels  sunk  in  the  harbor. — The  Senate  passed  a  bill  making  Rosario  the  capital. 

October  18th.  Sarmiento  inaugurated  as  President;  he  urges  education,  internal  im 
provements,  and  a  prosecution  of  the  war  with  Paraguay.  • 

November.  The  insurrection  in  Corrientes  was  suppressed. — President  Sarmiento  released 
all  the  Paraguayan  prisoners  of  war  in  Buenos  Ayres. 

December.  On  the  overthrow  of  Lopez,  the  Gran  Chaco  was  fully  incorporated  into  the 
Argentine  Republic. 

BRAZIL. 

January.  A  general  conscription  was  ordered  to  provide  reinforcements  for  the  army  on 
the  Rio  Parana. 

May  9th.    Opening  of  the  Parliament  by  the  Emperor. 

July  llth.  A  conservative  cabinet  was  formed;  the  Parliament  opposing  it  by  85  votes 
to  10,  it  was  dissolved. — Gen.  Webb  demanded  that  the  steamer  Wasp  be  permitted  to  ascend 
the  river  to  Asuncion. — The  Ministry  resolved  upon  a  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war  in  Para 
guay,  and  refused  all  offers  of  mediation. 

CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

February.    Severe  earthquakes  at  La  Union,  in  Nicaragua. 

21st.  The  port  of  Amapola,  in  Guatemala,  was  opened  to  foreign  commerce  for  twenty 
years. 

April.  The  government  of  San  Salvador  concluded  a  treaty  of  extradition  with  Italy,  and 
a  treaty  of  peace  and  commerce  with  Nicaragua. 

August.    The  government  of  Nicaragua  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  United  States. 

November.  President  Castro,  of  Costa  Rica  was  quietly  deposed  by  Generals  Salazar  and 
Blanco.— Jesus  Jimenez,  the  First  Vice  President,  was  made  Provisional  President.— The 
Legation  of  Nicaragua  in  the  United  States  was  suppressed. — Francisco  Duefias  was  elected 
President  of  San  Salvador. 

29th.    The  House  of  Representatives  of  Guatemala  convened. 

CHILI. 

May.    The  free  trade  treaty  with  the  Argentine  Confederation  was  rescinded. 

June.  A  contract  was  entered  into  for  the  introduction  of  German  colonists  into  Chili.— 
Completion  of  the  fortifications  of  Valparaiso. 

August.  Imprisonment  for  debt  was  abolished.— Severe  earthquake  at  Copiapo.— Several 
volcanoes  in  the  South  were  in  active  operation. 

October  24th.    Fifty  persons  lost  by  a  tornado. 

November.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  impeachment  charges  against  the  Supreme 
Court. 

COLOMBIA-UNITED  STATES  OF 

February.    Congress  proclaimed  Santos  Gutierrez  President  of  the  Republic. 

March  24th.  The  revolutionary  party  in  Tolima  was  defeated.— Trial  of  the  murderers  of 
the  officers  of  the  R.  R.  Cnyler.  in  Carthagena. 

26th.  Fire  in  the  depot  of  the  Panama  Railroad,  at  Aspinwall ;  loss  $200,000.— The  Govern 
ment  granted  a  railroad  concession  to  an  American  company. 

May.    Great  poverty  throughout  the  republic. 

July.  Dr.  Amador  (conservative)  was  elected  President  of  the  State  of  Panama.— A  revo 
lution  broke  out.— The  acting  President  was  arrested.— Gen.  Ponce,  commander  of  the  State 
troops,  was  inaugurated  Provisional  President.— A  force  was  sent  to  arrest  Amador.— A  decree 
of  the  Provisional  President  declared  the  Isthmus  in  a  state  of  war,  suspended  constitutional 
48 


754  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

guarantees,  and  stopped  the  transit  of  the  Rio  Grande.— The  Provisional  President,  defeated 
the  conservatives  at  Veraguas  and  Chiriqui. 

August.  Gen.  Ponce,  returned  from  the  interior  and  immediately  issued  a  decree  abolish 
ing  martial  law  and  convoking  a  constitutional  assembly. 

29th.  Another  revolution  broke  out  in  Panama.— Gen.  Correoso,  during  the  absence  of 
President  Ponce,  took  military  possession  of  the  city.— Ponce  resigned.— Correoso  proclaimed 
himself  Provisional  President  and  formed  a  new  Cabinet. 

September.  The  Panama  Constitutional  Assembly  assumed  the  sovereignty  until  a  new 
constitution  could  be  formed,  delegating  the  executive  powers,  in  the  mean  time,  to  the  acting 
President,  Correoso. 

October  lOth.  J.  Gutierrez  Vergara,  President  of  the  State  of  Cundinamarca,  pronounced 
against  the  Federal  Government.— The  President  of  the  Republic  called  out  the  National 
troops  and  captured  the  rebels. 

November  12th.  President  Correoso  met  Gen.  Obaldia,  commander- in-chief  of  the  con 
servative  forces  of  Panama,  with  his  insurrectionary  forces,  near  Santiago,  and  completely  routed 
them. — The  National  Supreme  Court,  at  Bogota,  ordered  the  release  of  President  Gutierrez 
Vergara. — The  President  of  the  Republic  refused  to  do  it. — Several  States  protested  against 
his  action. 

16th.    Fearful  earthquake  at  Panama. 

December.    Correoso  was  re-elected  President  of  Panama. — Bogota  under  martial  law. 

ECUADOR. 

January  13th.  Doctor  Xavier  Espinosa  was  elected  President  of  the  Republic. — Congress 
assembled. 

August  13th.  An  earthquake  destroyed  the  towns  of  Ibarra,  San  Pablo,  Quitumbita, 
Atuntaqui,  Imautad,  Cotocachi,  Otovola,  and  other  villages. — Great  injury  done  to  the  buildings 
in  Quito.  The  lives  lost  were  estimated  at  30,000. 

HAYTI. 

January  16th.  Salnave  refused  to  permit  any  more  French  clergymen  to  enter  the 
island. 

February  5th.    Salnave  was  defeated  by  the  Cacos. 

22d.    Salnave  was  defeated  near  Cape  Haytien. — Gen.  Salomon  proclaimed  President. 

March  9th.  Battle  at  Savanna-la-Grande. — The  Cacos  were  routed. — The  national  troops 
in  possession  of  Fort  Liberte. — A  general  amnesty  was  proclaimed. 

April.    The  Cacos  defeated  the  government  troops  and  retook  several  towns. 

May.  Gen.  Niesage-Saget  took  Fort  Diamant  and  the  city  of  St.  Marc,  and  proclaimed  Gef- 
frard  President  of  the  Republic. — The  northern  part  of  Hayti  was  in  the  possession  of  the 
Cacos. — Salnave  defeated  the  Cacos  near  Port-au-Prince,  and  shut  himself  up  in  the  place. 

June.  The  Cacos  besieged  Salnave  in  Port-au-Prince. — Salnave  defeated  the  rebels  in  a 
desperate  engagement  outside  Port-au-Prince. — Faubert  and  Nissage  joined  the  besieging  party 
with  their  forces. — Faubert  attacked  the  fort  outside  the  city  for  four  days. — The  Haytien  man- 
of-war,  Liberte,  joined  the  revolutionists. 

July.  Salnave  defeated  by  the  insurgents  at  Port  Rouge,  but  he  still  held  Port-au-Prince.—- 
The  Piquets  were  defeated  at  Baynet. 

August.  Cape  Ilaytien  surrounded  by  the  insurgents,  and  communication  with  the  interior 
cut  off. — Port-au-Prince  closed  in  on  the  land  side. — Gen.  Lynch  took  supreme  command  of  the 
insurgents. — Salnave  again  defeated  and  acted  on  the  defensive. — He  enforced  a  loan  of  $200,000. 
—The  rebel  war  ship,  Liberte,  blockaded  Gonaives.— A  reconciliation  took  place  between  Sal- 
nave  and  the  British  Minister. 

September.  The  siege  of  Port-au-Prince  was  raised,  Gen.  Faubert  being  short  of  ammuni 
tion. — He  retired  to  St.  Marc. — The  Cacos  again  concentrated  their  forces. — Port-au-Prince, 
Cape  Haytien,  Gonaives,  and  Port  de  Paix,  were  opened  to  foreign  commerce. 

October.  The  Haytien  man-of-war,  Galatea,  attacked  the  rebel  cruisers,  Sylvain  and  Liberte*, 
at  Petit-Goane.  The  Sylvian  was  sunk,  and  the  Liberte  burned  by  her  own  crew. — Dissen 
sions  among  the  insurgents.— Generals  Dominguez,  Saget,  and  Rebecca,  each  declared  Pres 
ident  by  their  troops.— The  towns  of  Petit-Goane,  Desaliue,  and  Jeremie,  in  possession  of  Gen. 
Salnave. 

November.  Salnave  commenced  the  bombardment  of  Jeremie. — Jacmel  was  surrounded 
by  2,000  Piquets. — Salnave  was  defeated  at  Jeremie. — Cape  Haytien  vigorously  attacked  by  the 
insurgents. — A  regular  government  was  installed  under  President  Nissage  Saget,  at  St.  Marc,  in 
the  North,  and  'Gen.  Domiuguez  in  the  South.— Saluave  was  repulsed  at  Miragoane.— The  num- 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  755 

ber  of  revolutionists  increasing. — Blockades  were  maintained  at  St.  Marc,  Miragoane,  Aux 
Cayes  and  Jeremie. 

3Oth.    Miragoane  was  taken  by  Salnave. 

December.  Effective  blockade  of  St.  Marc.— Five  coasters,  loaded  with  supplies  for  the 
rebels,  we- re  captured  by  the  Hayticn  gunboat  Potion. 

9th..    The  garrison  at  Jacmel  repulsed  an  attack ;  both  parties  suffered  severely. 

MEXICO. 

January.  Serious  revolution  in  Yucatan.  The  Government  issued  an  order  banishing  from 
the  country  all  persons  who  had  been  tried  and  convicted  of  taking  part  in  the  late  war  against 
the  Republic. — The  extraordinary  powers  .surrendered  by  President  Juarez  to  Congress,  were 
again  authorized  by  Congress,  for  a  limited  time,  in  view  of  the  Yucatan  insurrection. 

19th.  A  Mexican  fleet  arrived  before  Campeche  and  disembarked  2,000  troops. — They  imme 
diately  marched  upon  Sisal. 

2 1st.  Revolt  in  Sonora.— The  town  of  Mazatlan  threatened  by  rebels.— Manuel  Aspiroz  was 
appointed  Minister  of  the  Interior,  and  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and  Matias  Romero,  Minister  of 
Finances.— The  revolutionary  attempts  in  Yucatan  were  suppressed. 

February  1st.  The  national  troops  under  Gen.  Allatorre  defeated  the  insurgents  in  Yuca 
tan,  in  a  two  days'  fight. — Diaz  and  Escobedo  offered  their  resignation. — A  revolution  was  being 
organized  in  Puebla,  in  the  interest  of  Ortega. 

12th.  The  Government  declared  Puerto  Angelo,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  a  port  of  entry  for  for 
eign  and  coasting  commerce. 

19th.  A  plot  to  assassinate  President  Juarez,  and  to  rob  the  treasury,  was  discovered. — 
Battle  between  Ruba  and  Martinez,  near  Mazatlan ;  Ruba  was  routed.— War  between  Alvarez 
and  Jimenez,  on  the  West  coast. 

March  15th.  The  revolution  in  Sinaloa  was  gaining  ground.— A  forced  loan  was  levied  in 
Mazatlan.— The  State  of  Tamaulipas  expelled  foreigners. 

April  1st.  Congress  assembled.— Foreigners  serving  under  the  empire  were  permitted  to 
remain,  on  proof  of  their  following  an  honorable  calling. 

13th.    Gen.  Ncgrete  was  defeated. 

May.  Gen.  Jimenez  submitted  to  the  Government.— Rivera  pronounced  against  the  Gov 
ernment,  and  took  possession  of  the  mountain  fastnesses  of  Ajusco.— Similar  pronuuciamentos 
were  made  in  other  parts  of  the  country. — One  band  in  Queretaro  proclaimed  in  favor  of  Santa 
Anna. — Escobedo  and  Cortina  marched  against  them. 

June.  Ignacio  Mariscal  was  appointed  Minister  of  Justice. — The  British  man-of-war,  Chan 
ticleer,  blockaded  the  port  of  Mazatlan,  and  was  only  prevented  from  bombarding  it  by  the 
united  efforts  of  the  foreign  consuls. 

July.  Conclusion  of  Treaties  with  the  United  States,  (see  Dec.  10).— Cortina  routed  Flores.— 
Capt.  Briggs,  of  the  English  man-of-war  Chanticleer,  was  ordered  by  the  Admiral  to  re-open 
tlic  port  of  Mazatlan  immediately,  and  proceed  to  Panama. — End  of  the  campaign  against  Mar- 
I  Inez.— Close  of  the  Congress.— Domiuguez  pronounced  against  the  Government  in  the  State  of 
Vera  Cruz.— Ortega  was  released. 

August.  Gen.  Escobedo  attacked  and  defeated  two«bodies  of  insurgents  near  Queretaro.— 
Alatorre  defeated  by  Negrete.— Cortina  refused  to  join  in  Negrete's  rebellion.— Alatorre  retreat 
ed  towards  Vera  Cruz.— A  tidal  wave  in  Lower  California.  The  tide  rose  upwards  of  60  feet. 

23d.    Assassination  of  Gen.  Patoni. 

September  7th.  The  Puebla  rebellion  put  down. — The  President  ordered  the  arrest  and 
trial  of  Gen.  Canto,  for  the  assassination  of  Patoni. — Ortega  issued  a  manifesto  renouncing  all 
claims  to  the  Presidency. 

October.  Bands  of  guerillas  in  the  State  of  Guerrero.— Gen.  Uraga  banished  from  the  Re 
public. 

November.  A  storm,  lasting  three  days,  passed  over  the  northwest,  causing  considerable 
damage  and  loss  of  life.  Alamos,  a  city  of  7,000  inhabitants,  in  Sonora,  and  several  smaller 
towns  in  Lower  California,  were  destroyed.— Revolution  in  Nueva  Leon. 

December.  Great  floods ;  the  towns  of  Comaticalico  and  Parasso  were  entirely  destroyed ; 
the  towns  of  Cardenas  and  Cunduacar,  suffered  greatly. — Coahuila  was  made  a  sovereign  State. 

lOth.  President  Juarez  received  U.  S.  Minister  Rosecrans. — The  rebels  in  Tamaulipas 
offered  to  surrender  to  Escobedo,  but  their  terms  were  refused. — Congress  ratified  the  treaty 
with  the  United  States  for  the  settlement  of  the  claims  in  both  countries,  and  also  for  the  recog 
nition  of  the  rights  of  naturalized  citizens. 

2Oth.    Terrible  earthquake  in  Colima. 


756  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND,  REGISTER.  [1869. 

PARAGUAY. 

January.    The  allies  were  reinforced  and  pressed  the  siege  of  Humaita. 
February.    The  Argentine  General,  Mitre,  yielded  the  command  of  the  armies  allied  against 
Paraguay  to  the  Brazilian  Marshal  Caxias. 

1 7th.    Three  monitors  of  the  allies  passed  Curupaity. 

18th.  The  allied  armies  of  Brasil,  Uruguay,' and  the  Argentine  Confederation,  took  one  of 
the  outposts  of  the  fortress  Humaita.  The  works  were  demolished ;  loss  of  the  Paraguayans 
stated  to  be  1,600  men. 

1 9th.    Six  iron-clads  of  the  allies  forced  a  passage  at  Humaita,  with  a  loss  of  600  on  each  side. 
March  2d.    Forty-eight  Paraguayan  boats,  carrying  1,200  men,  were  repulsed  in  their  at 
tempt  to  board  the  Brazilian  iron-clads  in  the  Parana,  above  Humaita. 
21st.    The  Brazilians  took  the  retrenchments  of  Tuyuti. 

23d.  Curupaity,  abandoned  by  the  Paraguayans,  was  occupied  by  the  Brazilian  troops.— 
Lopez  held  the  mouth  of  the  Tibicuary  river. 

May.  Combined  attack  on  the  rear  of  Lopez's  position  at  Humaita;  it  was  repulsed  by  the 
Paraguayans,  after  a  desperate  battle. — The  allies  commenced  the  process  of  starving  out  the 
garrison  at  Humaita. 

June  2Oth.  Beginning  of  the  difficulty  between  Mr.  Washburn,  the  Ambassador  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  Paraguayan  government. — Gumecindo  Benitez,  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  inquired  why  certain  foreigners  charged  with  conspiracy  against  President  Lopez,  were 
sheltered  in  the  Legation  of  the  United  States. 

27th.  Benitez  demanded  that  the  Portuguese  Pereira  be  delivered  up  by  Mr.  Washburn  to 
the  police  officers. 

July  9th.  Battle  on  the  Parana,  between  Paraguayan  boats  and  two  iron-clads.— The  Para 
guayan  crews  boarded  the  ships,  but  were  driven  off  by  the  fire  from  fort  Tayi. 

lOth.  The  Brazilian  forces  under  Gen.  Osorio  were  repulsed  by  the  Paraguayans  near  Hu 
maita  ;  loss  of  the  allies  1,000  men. 

13th.  Minister  Benitez  demanded  the  dismissal  from  the  Legation  of  the  United  States  of 
Porter  Cornelius  Bliss,  an  American,  and  George  Masterman,  an  Englishman. 

14th.  Mr.  Washburn  declined  to  deliver  up  Messrs.  Bliss  and  Masterman,  and  demanded 
his  passports. 

1 8th.  The  allies  attacked  a  two-gun  battery  at  Humaita,  and  were  repulsed  with  a  loss  of 
1,000  men. 

23d.  Minister  Benitez  demanded  the  immediate  delivery  of  a  sealed  packet  of  communica 
tions  received  by  Mr.  Washburn  from  Jose  Berges,  ex-Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  ;  Mr.  Wash 
burn  denied  having  received  such  a  package. 

25th.  The  fortress  Humaita  was  abandoned. — The  allies  took  possession  of  it. — The  rem 
nant  of  the  garrison,  on  its  retreat  towards  Timbo,  was  surrounded,  and  it  surrendered,  1,328  in 
number,  after  ten  days'  desperate  struggle. — Three  Brazilian  ironclads  passed  the  batteries  on 
the  river  Parana,  and  joined  the  fleet  in  the  bombardment  of  Lopez's  position. 

31st.  Mr.  Washburn  charged  by  Minister  Benitez  with  conspiracy  with  ex-Minister  Berges 
against  President  Lopez. 

August  3d.  The  accusation  of  conspiracy  indignantly  denied  by  Mr.  Washburn.— The 
allied  forces  threatened  the  Paraguayans'  position  at  Timbo.— Lopez,  with  12,000  fighting  men, 
was  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tibicuary  ;  subsequently  compelled  to  retire. 

September.  Lopez  fortified  Villeta  and  Angostura.— Mr.  Washburn  embarked  on  board 
the  United  States  war  steamer  Wasp. — Arrest  of  Messrs.  Bliss  and  Masterman. — The  Para 
guayans  attacked  the  allied  army  before  Angostura ;  they  were  repulsed. — Lopez  shot  his  two 
brothers.— A  column  of  12,000  allied  troops  was  sent  across  the  Gran  Chaco  to  flank  the  Para 
guayan  position  at  Villeta. 

24th.  Battle  at  Villeta ;  the  allied  land  forces  repulsed. — Brazilian  iron-clads  go  above  An 
gostura. 

November  15th.  The  allied  forces  under  Caxias  attacked  Villeta,  and  were  unsuccessful. 
December.  Arrival  of  the  new  Ambassador  of  the  United  States,  Gen.  McMahon,  ac 
companied  by  Admiral  Davis  and  several  gunboats,  at  Asuncion ;  he  was  received  by  President 
Lopez,  who  had  established  his  headquarters  at  Luque. — Messrs.  Bliss  and  Masterman  were 
released  by  President  Lopez,  to  Admiral  Davis,  on  condition  that  they  be  tried  in  the  United 
States. — Lopez's  army  was  routed  at  Villeta  and  the  town  taken.— The  allied  fleet  on  its  way 
to  Asuncion. — Lopez  fled  with  500  cavalry. — The  remnant  of  his  army  shut  up  in  Angostura. — 
Severe  fighting  at  Angostura  and  Lomas  Valentinas,  beginning  on  Dec.  21,  and  ending  on  Dec. 
26,  with  total  defeat  of  Lopez,  and  entry  of  allies  into  Asuncion. 


J8G9.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  757 

PERU. 

January.  The  forces  under  Col.  Corneja,  sent  by  Prado  against  Col.  Legura,  were  routed 
by  the  latter.  -  Callao  pronounced  against  Prado,  who  retired  to  Lima  after  a  disastrous  defeat 
before  Arequipa. 

6th.    Insurrection  at  Lima ;  it  was  suppressed  by  the  troops  of  the  Government. 

7th.  The  national  forces  under  Col.  Corneja  were  again  defeated,  before  Chiclayo,  by  Col. 
Balta.— Prado  resigned.— The  people  of  Lima  proclaimed  the  constitution  of  I860.— Gen.  La 
Puerto  published  a  decree  appointing  the  Grand  Marshal,  La  Fuente,  President  of  the  Council 
and  Chief  of  the  Executive  power.— Fighting  in  the  streets  of  Lima  in  the  night  of  the 
7th  to  8th. 

8th.  All  the  troops  at  Lima  and  the  squadron  at  Callao  pronounced  in  favor  of  the  new  state 
of  things  ;  quiet  was  restored. — The  whole  country  was  under  the  control  of  the  revolutionists 
under  Canseco. 

lOth.    Col.  Prado  embarked  at  Callao  for  Chili. 

1 3th.  A  proclamation  confirmed  the  treaty  concluded  by  Pezet  with  Spain,  declared  the 
alliance  with  Chili,  Bolivia  and  Ecuador  dissolved,  and  annulled  all  the  engagements  entered 
into  by  Prado. — Canseco  organized  a  government  and  ordered  an  election  for  President. 

22d.  Balta  announced  his  determination  to  support  Gen.  Canseco  as  Provisional  Presi 
dent. — One  hundred  of  Canseco's  men  were  killed  by  the  explosion  of  Prado's  powder  maga 
zine. 

March  14th.  A  plot  to  reins  tote  Prado  was  discovered  among  the  soldiery;  the  leaders 
were  imprisoned. — The  guano  companies  agreed  to  advance  $12,000,000  to  the  government. — 
Yellow  fever  in  Lima  and  Callao. 

May.    Yellow  fever  raged  in  Lima. 

July  28th.    The  Congress  met. 

August  1st.    Col.  Balta  took  the  oath  of  office  as  President. 

13th.  Terrible  earthquake ;  the  towns  of  Arequipa,  Arica,  Iquique,  Moquegia,  Locumr.a 
and  numerous  other  smaller  towns  were  entirely  destroyed ;  300  lives  were  lost  in  Arequipa, 
500  in  Arica,  600  in  Iquique,  and  about  400  in  the  other  towns,  by  the  crushing  of  houses  and  the 
rising  of  the  sea.  The  U.  S.  ship  Fredonia  was  dashed  to  pieces  at  Arica  and  all  her  crew  lost ; 
the  man-of-war  Wateree  was  carried  half  a  mile  inland  by  a  tidal  wave. 

November.  Difficulties  between  President  Balta  and  Congress.— The  small  pox  raged 
severely  in  Lima  and  Callao. — Shocks  of  earthquake  in  Arica  and  Arequipa. 

December.    All  the  inland  waters  were  declared  free  to  vessels  of  all  classes  and  countries. 

SAN  DOMINGO. 

January.  The  insurrection  was  gaining  ground.— General  Baez  proclaimed  President.— 
Hungria  acting  provisionally  as  President. 

February  lOth.  President  Cabral  fled  with  his  Cabinet.— The  southern  forces  entered 
the  capital. — 30  deaths  a  day  by  cholera  in  St.  Domingo  City. 

March  3d.  A  counter  revolution  broke  out  in  several  provinces  under  the  lead  of  Gen. 
Morena  and  Castillo.— Wide  spread  disaffection  against  Baez's  government. 

April.  General  Baez,  having  repulsed  the  insurgents,  seized  the  capital  without  any  strug 
gle,  reestablished  the  military  authority  and  took  the  oath  as  President  of  the  Republic.— The 
Congress  assembled  to  modify  the  Constitution,  resolved  to  make  Samana  a  free  port  and  a 
neutral  postal  and  telegraph  station  common  to  all  nations. 

May  2d.  The  new  President  Baez  was  inaugurated  and  he  appointed  his  Ministry. — General 
Luperon,  partisan  of  President  Cabi'al,  headed  an  insurrection  against  President  Baez. — Baez 
banished  and  persecuted  all  the  eminent  men  who  did  not  support  his  administration. 

June.  Polanco  headed  another  insurrection  against  President  Baez.— The  Constitutional 
Convention  named  Baez  Dictator,  but  he  declined  the  honor. 

July.  Outbreak  of  another  revolution.— A  body  of  President  Baez's  troops  defeated  by  the 
revolutionsts,  at  Saybo. — The  reinforcements  ordered  to  Saybo  refused  to  embark. 

25th.    Ogando,  the  revolutionary  leader,  and  Gen.  Cabral  within  three  miles  of  Azua. 

August.    The  whole  country  in  revolt  against  Baez. 

November.  The  insurgents  in  the  north  proclaimed  for  Luperon. — The  forces  under 
Ogando  were  scattered. 

December.  Gen.  Ogando  was  joined  by  other  revolutionary  chiefs.— Cabral  defeated  Baez's 
troops  at  Guayubin. — The  insurgents  at  Las  Matas  were  defeated  by  Baez's  troops. — Gen.  Adzu 
crossed  the  frontier  and  joined  Gen.  Ogando's  rebel  forces. 


758  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

t  URUGUAY. 

February  9th.  Revolution  against  Gen.  Venancio  Fiores,  Provisional  Governor ;  it  was 
directed  by  his  son,  Col.  Fortunato  Fiores.— The  foreign  fleet  sided  with  the  Governor.— Order 
was  restored  and  F.  Fiores  banished. 

1 5th.  Opening  of  Parliament  in  whose  hands  Gen.  Venancio  Fiores  replaced  the  power  he 
had  exercised  for  three  years.— The  supreme  authority  was  temporarily  confided  to  P.  Yarela, 
President  of  the  Senate. 

19th.  New  revolt ;  the  former  provisional  Governor,  V.  Fiores,  was  assassinated  at  Monte 
video;  his  murderer?  were  immediately  shot,  and  order  was  restored. — Manuel  Fiores  was  ap 
pointed  Provisional  President,  Col.  E.  Bustamente  was  appointed  Minister  of  War  and  Navy, 
E.  Regunaga  Minister  of  Justice,  H.  Varela  Minister  of  the  Interior  and  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

22d.    Sudden  death  of  the  Provisional  President,  Manuel  Fiores. 

27th.  The  Ministers  Regunaga  and  Bustamente  resigned ;  II.  Varela  was  charged  with  the 
three  Ministries  of  Justice,  of  Foreign  Affairs  and  of  the  Interior,  and  of  War  and  Navy. 

March  1st.    Gen.  Battle  was  unanimously  elected  President  of  the  Republic. 

VENEZUELA. 

January.    The  insurgents  were  forced  to  retire  on  Guarico.— A  new  Ministry  was  formed. 

March.    The  rebels  besieged  Caracas. 

April  8th.    The  national  troops  gained  a  decisive  victory. 

18th.    The  ministers  resigned. 

May.  Compromise  between  the  belligerents,  by  which  the  existing  government  was  ac 
knowledged. 

June  22d — 26th.  Revolution:  the  insurgents  defeated  the  troops  of  the  government  near 
Caracas  on  the  22d. — Gen.  Monagas  demanded  the  surrender  of  Caracas;  the  insurgents  pene 
trated  into  the  city  on  the  same  day  and  the  following. — The  troops  of  the  government  sur 
rendered  on  the  26th,  after  having  fought  for  75  hours  in  the  streets  and  houses. — President  Fal 
con  was  compelled  to  flee  from  the  country.— Monagas,  the  leader  of  the  revolutionary  forces, 
proclaimed  a  new  government,  which  was  recognized  by  the  foreign  representatives. 

July.  The  adherents  of  the  late  President  Falcon  concentrated  at  Puerto  Cabello ;  the  new 
President,  Monagas,  marched  against  them ;  he  effected  important  reforms  in  the  government. 

August.    The  Bolivar  and  the  Mariscal  blockaded  La  Guayra. 

1 5th.    Puerto  Cabello  surrendered  to  Monagas. — Several  Pronunciamentos. 

October.    Presidential  election. — Galan  defeated  at  Coro. 

November  18th.    Death  of  President  Monagas. 

December.    Pulgar  was  confirmed  as  Provisional  President. 


EUROPE. 

AUSTRIA. 

January  1st.    The  Government  forbade  recruitments  for  the  Papal  Army  in  the  Empire. 

15th.  Arrival  at  Triest  of  Admiral  Tegetthoff,  in  the  frigate  Novara,  with  the  remains  of 
Emperor  Maximilian. 

February  1st.  Prince  Colloredo-Mansfeld  was  appointed  President  of  the  House  of  the 
Lords. 

5th.    Arrival  of  the  Emperor  and  the  Empress  at  Pesth. 

2Oth.    The  Government  officially  warned  the  clergy  against  fomenting  dissent. 

March  2d.    Admiral  Tegetthoff  appointed  Commander-in-chief  of  the  Austrian  fleets. 

8th.    Return  of  the  Emperor  to  Vienna. 

1 2th.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  a  decree  abolishing  the  Council  of  State. 

16th.  Dr.  Giskra,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  declared  that  the  government  contemplated 
the  strengthening  of  the  autonomy  of  the  different  countries  of  the  Empire,  and  the  carrying 
out  of  a  system  of  decentralisation. 

23d.  The  Upper  House  adopted,  almost  unanimously,  (17  votes  dissenting)  the  new  law  on 
marriage,  in  opposition  to  the  Concordat. 

24th.  Vienna  was  illuminated  amidst  general  rejoicing,  on  account  of  the  virtual  repeal  of 
tjie  Concordat  with  Rome. 

26th.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  the  civil  marriage  bill  with  the  modifications  pro 
posed  by  the  Upper  House. 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  759 

April  1  St.  The  Reichsrath  passed  the  bill  for  a  general  system  of  education  by  public 
schools. 

22d.    Conclusion  of  a  treaty  of  Commerce  with  Great  Britain. 

29th.    The  Upper  House  adopted  the  decree  abolishing  the  Council  of  State. 

SOth.  The  Upper  House  adopted  the  law  abolishing  imprisonment  for  debts  in  the  form 
proposed  by  the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

May  1st.    The  treaty  of  Commerce  with  Great  Britain  was  signed. 

1 2th.  The  bill  guaranteeing  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  passed  the  lower  House  of  the  Aus 
trian  Reichsrath. 

15th.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  the  Austro-German  treaty  of  Commerce. 

July  5th.  The  Government  furloughed  36,000  troops. — The  Prime  Minister,  von  Bcust,  de 
clared  the  intermeddling  of  the  Pope  with  the  domestic  legislation  of  Austria  a  violation  of  the 
Independence  and  dignity  of  the  Empire. 

2Oth.  Conclusion  of  the  meeting  of  a  European  Telegraph  Conference  at  Vienna.— Serious 
political  riots  at  Prague. 

August  8th.  The  Hungarian  Assembly  passed  the  Army  bill  with  102  votes  to  as,  and  the 
Militia  and  Recruiting  bills  with  a  very  large  majority. — A  strict  non-intervention  in  German 
affairs  was  announced. — The  official  reports  exhibited  a  great  improvement  in  the  financial  af 
fairs  of  the  Empire. — The  Hungarian  Army  was  reorganized  under  native  commanders. — Aus 
tria  forbade  the  transit  of  firearms  from  the  Empire  across  the  Danube. 

22d.    The  Diets  were  opened  in  all  the  crownlands. 

October  19th.    The  Austrian  Reichsrath  met  at  Vienna. 

November  12th.  The  Austrian  Reichsrath  adopted  the  Army  bill,  by  118  votes  against 
39,  by  which  the  army  was  to  be  increased  to  the  strength  of  800,000  men  on  the  war  footing  for 
ten  years. 

16th.    5,000  workingmen  assembled  and  protested  against  the  new  army  law. 

25th.  The  Croatian  Deputies  were  admitted  to  seats  in  the  Hungarian  Diet.— An  Austrian 
fleet  started  on  an  expedition  around  the  world. 

December.  Baron  von  Beust  was  created  Count  by  the  Emperor.— Appointment  of  a  min 
ister  for  Croatia  in  the  Hungarian  Cabinet, 

lOth.    The  Hungarian  Diet  closed  with  a  speech  from  the  Emperor. 

BELGIUM. 

January  4th.    Appointment  of  a  new  Ministry. 

February.    Conclusion,  at  Berlin,  of  a  postal  treaty  with  North  Germany. 

March  14th.  The  House  of  Representatives  adopted,  by  69  votes  against  39,  the  project 
of  the  army  reorganization. 

25th— 29th.  Tumults  in  the  neighborhood  of  Charleroi.— Fight  between  the  troops  and 
the  miners. 

April  2d.  The  Senate  adopted,  by  40  votes  against  10,  the  project  of  the  army  reor 
ganization. 

SOth.    Death  of  Count  Le  Hon,  at  Paris,  former  member  of  the  National  Assembly  in  1830. 

May  2d.    Exchange  of  the  ratifications  of  the  postal  treaty  with  North  Germany. 

August  lOth.    51  persons  killed  by  a  colliery  explosion. 

September  6th.  Meeting  of  the  International  Convention  of  Workingmen  of  Europe.— 
It  discussed  the  diminution  of  the  hours  of  labor,  education,  establishment  of  credit  and  coope 
rative  societies,  councils  of  arbitration  instead  of  strikes,  and  trade  societies. 

November  lOth.    Opening  of  the  Diet. 

DENMARK. 

January  SOth.  The  Landsthing  adopted  unanimously  the  treaty  concerning  the  sale  of  the 
islands  of  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John. 

February  2d.    The  King  signed  this  treaty. 

March  3d.    Bishop  Kierkegaard,  Minister  of  Public  Worship,  resigned. 

April  1  St.  Denmark  asked  the  cession  of  Alsen  and  Duppel  from  Germany,  but  Prussia 
gave  a  decided  refusal. 

6th.  The  Folksthing  adopted,  by  50  votes  against  25,  an  address  demanding  the  union  of 
the  Ministries  of  War  and  the  Navy. 

9th.    Signing,  at  Copenhagen,  of  the  postal  treaty  with  North  Germany. 

28th.    The  Landsthing  adopted,  by  53  votes  against  7,  the  law  on  free  municipalities. 

July.    Violent  shocks  of  earthquake  in  St.  Thomas. 


760  THE  AMERICAN  YEAS  BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

August  12th.  Departure  of  the  Danish  Royal  Family  from  Copenhagen  on  a  visit  to 
Russia. 

October  6th.  The  Government  reconsidered  and  postponed  for  one  year  the  time  for  the 
ratification  of  the  treaty  with  the  United  States  for  the  sale  of  St.  Thomas'  and  St.  John's 
islands. 

FRANCE. 

January  1st.  Napoleon  received  the  Prussian  Minister  to  France,  Baron  von  Goltz,  as 
Ambassador  of  the  North  German  Confederation.— The  Government  urged  the  Chamber  to  pai-s 
the  bill  for  the  reorganization  and  increase  of  the  army. 

14th.  The  Legislative  Body  passed  the  Army  Reorganization  bill  by  190  votes  against  60; 
by  this  bill  every  Frenchman  is  obliged  to  serve  in  the  National  Guard.— Ten  of  the  public  news 
papers  of  Paris  were  fined  1,000  francs  each,  for  printing  unlawful  reports  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  Corps  Legislatif. 

22d.  Conclusion  of  a  postal  treaty  with  the  Netherlands. — The  people  regarded  the  new 
army  bill  with  great  disfavor. 

February  4th.    The  new  military  law  received  the  Imperial  sanction. 

9th.    France  consented  to  expel  the  Hanoverian  political  refugees  from  her  soil. 

14th.    The  treaty  of  Customs  between  France,  Prussia  and  Mecklenburg  signed. 

15th.  Exchange  of  the  ratification  of  this  treaty. — The  French  army  was  rapidly  reorga 
nized  under  the  new  law. 

18th.    Napoleon  accredited  a  new  Minister  to  Japan. 

21st.  Conclusion  of  a  treaty  between  France  and  Italy  concerning  the  French  inhabiting 
Italy  and  the  Italians  inhabiting  France. — The  Legislative  body  rejected,  by  a  vote  of  155  to  67, 
an  amendment  to  the  Press  Law,  providing  for  the  publication  of  a  full  report  of  the  proceed 
ings  of  that  body. 

March  3d.    The  organization  of  the  National  Guard  Corps  was  completed. 

9th.  The  Legislative  Body  adopted,  by  242  votes  against  1,  the  Press  Law,  and  by  230  votes 
against  12,  a  law  on  the  contingent. 

24th.  Erneutes  occurred  at  Bordeaux,  Lyons,  Marseilles  and  other  towns  on  account  of  the 
new  army  bill. 

25th.  The  Legislative  Body  adopted,  by  209  votes  against  22,  a  law  on  the  right  of  as 
sembling. 

April  2d.  The  Senate  adopted  4  laws  concerning  the  reorganization  of  the  army. — At  the 
end  of  the  month,  the  French  charge  d'affaires  and  consul  general  at  Tunis  broke  off  his  diplo 
matic  relations  with  the  government  of  the  Bey. 

May  6th.    The  Senate  adopted,  by  93  votes  against  24,  the  law  on  the  Press. 

lOth.  The  Emperor  signed  the  law  on  the  Press. — A  mixed  commission  presided  over  by  a 
Frenchman  was  established  to  regulate  the  difficulties  between  France  and  Tunis. 

29th.    The  Senate  adopted  the  law  on  the  right  of  assembling  by  86  votes  against  24. 

3Oth.  The  disputes  with  the  Bey  having  terminated,  the  French  charge  d'affaires  renewed 
his  diplomatic  relations  with  the  Tunisian  government. 

31st.    The  Emperor  visited  Rouen  and  delivered  two  brief  speeches. 

June  2d.    Prince  Napoleon  left  Paris  on  a  visit  to  Baden. 

6th.    Visit  of  Prince  Napoleon  to  Vienna. 

21st.    He  left  Pesth  for  Constantinople. 

26th.  The  Legislative  Body  adopted,  by  210  votes  against  13,  a  motion  of  the  government 
asking  for  the  increase  of  the  contingent  for  1869  to  100,000  men. 

3Oth.  The  French  Legislative  opposition  objected  to  the  heavy  cost  of  the  military  force 
kept  in  and  near  Rome. 

July  19th.  The  Emperor  Napoleon  made  a  pacific  speech  at  Paris.— The  Legislative  Body 
passed  the  war  budget.— An  imperial  decree  facilitated  the  importation  of  breadstuff's. 

28th.    The  Corps  Legislative  closed  its  sessions. 

31st.  The  Senate  was  prorogued. — The  collection  tonnage  dues  from  all  vessels  entering 
French  ports  with  cargoes  of  cereals  was  suspended  for  three  months ;  this  decree  went  into 
effect  Oct.  let. 

August.  Rochefort,  editor  of  "La  Lanterne,"  was  condemned  to  prison  for  one  year  and  to 
pay  a  fine  of  10,000  francs. 

6th.    Queen  Victoria  reached  Paris. 

14th.  The  Emperor  reviewed  a  large  body  of  troops.— Extraor^-.-.ary  popularity  of  the 
new  loan. 

31st.    A  portion  of  the  French  troops  were  recalled  from  Rome. 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  761 

September  18th.  The  Emperor  and  Empress  visited  the  Queen  of  Spain  at  St.  Sebastian. 
—Explosion  of  a  cartridge  factory  at  Metz ;  40  persons  were  killed  and  110  wounded. 

October  19th.  Duel  between  Marfori  and  Rochefort,  editor  of  the  "Lanterue ;"  the  latter 
was  badly  wounded. 

November.  The  Government  persecuted  all  journals  having  urged  subscriptions  for  a 
monument  of  Baudin.— Discovery  of  a  conspiracy. 

14th.    Death  of  Rossini,  the  great  composer. 

15th.    Death  of  Baron  Rothschild. 

16th.  The  office  and  material  of  the  "Temps"  of  Paris  were  seized  by  the  police,  and 
prosecutions  commenced  against  other  journals. 

28th.  Death  of  the  celebrated  advocate  Berryer.— The  editors  of  the  Reveil,  Tribune, 
LTAvenir,  Temps  and  Journal  de  Paris,  were  fined  and  imprisoned  for  encouraging  the  Baudin 
subscriptions. 

December  1st.    Strike  of  the  printers  at  Paris. 

17th.    Change  in  the  Ministry. 

23d.       Napoleon  officially  received  the  Spanish  Ambassador,  Olozaga. 

28th.    France  invited  Russia  to  attend  the  Eastern  Conference. 

GERMANY. 
NORTH  GERMAN  CONFEDERATION. 

January  3d.    The  Duchy  of  Lauenburg  entered  into  the  Zollverein. 

8th.  The  Prussian  Diet  adopted  a  series  of  resolutions  taking  strong  ground  in  favor  of 
freedom  of  speech  and  inviolability  of  the  members  of  the  Diet,  by  a  majority  of  30. — The  diplo 
matic  representation  of  the  North  German  Confederation  superseded  the  former  Ambassadors 
of  particular  States. 

18th.    The  Prussian  Diet  authorized  a  railroad  loan. 

February.    Conclusion  of  a  postal  treaty  with  Belgium. 

2d.  Count  Bismarck  threatened  to  dissolve  the  Parliament  on  the  question  of  voting  indem 
nity  to  the  dethroned  monarchs.  The  demanded  supply  was  voted. 

5th.  The  Italian  minister  to  the  North  German  Confederation  was  cordially  received  by  the 
King  of  Prussia. 

1 7th.    Count  Bismarck  seriously  ill. 

22d.  Conclusion  of  a  treaty  between  the  Confederation  and  the  United  States,  concerning 
the  nationality  of  persons  emigrating  from  one  of  the  two  countries  to  the  other. 

29th.    The  Prussian  Diet  adjourned.    Speech  of  the  King. 

March  2d.    Confiscation  of  the  property  of  ex-King  George  of  Hanover. 

4th.    Convocation  of  the  North  German  Parliament. 

5th.    Visit  of  Prince  Napoleon  at  Berlin. 

lOth.    The  Zollverein  concluded  a  commercial  treaty  with  Austria. 

23d.  Opening  of  the  North  German  Parliament.  Speech  of  the  King  of  Prussia,  in  which 
he  refers  hopefully  to  the  probable  effect  of  the  American  naturalization  treaty. 

3Oth.  Conclusion  of  a  treaty  of  commerce  and  navigation  between  Spain,  the  Confederation 
and  the  States  of  the  Zollverein  not  belonging  to  the  Confederacy.  Exchange  of  ratification 
at  Madrid. 

April  2d.  The  North  German  Confederation  ratified  the  naturalization  treaty  with  the  United 
States,  the  Polish  members  and  a  few  others  voting  against  it. 

8th.    Conclusion  of  a  postal  treaty  between  the  Confederation  and  Denmark. 

13th.    Convocation  of  the  Customs  Parliament. 

2Oth.  Journey  of  -the  Royal  Prince  of  Prussia  in  Italy.— The  North  German  Parliament 
Instructed  Count  von  Bismarck  to  enter  into  negotiations  with  foreign  powers  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  by  treaty,  the  absolute  neutrality  of  private  property  at  sea  during  time  of  war. 
—The  Customs  Parliament  rejected  by  a  decided  vote,  the  address  of  the  Party  of  National 
Unity. 

23d.    Adjourning  of  the  Customs  Parliament.    Speech  of  the  King  of  Prussia. 

25th.    The  Saxon  Upper  House  adopted  the  Jury  system. 

28th.  The  abolition  of  the  penalty  of  death  was  rejected  by  the  Saxon  Upper  House  and 
adopted  by  the  Lower. 

29th.    The  Government  of  North  Germany  abolished  imprisonment  for  debt. 

June  17th.    The  North  German  Parliament  passed  the  budget  for  the  Confederation. 

2Oth.    Adjourning  of  the  North  German  Parliament.    Speech  of  the  King  of  Prussia. 

22d.    Journey  of  the  King  to  Hanover. 


762  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

July.  The  Government  stopped  all  prosecutions  against  the  adopted  citizens  of  America 
Of  German  birth. 

lOth.  At  a  trial  of  the  reaping  machines  of  the  world,  at  Berlin,  the  English  reapers  re 
ceived  the  international  prize. 

August  1 1th.  The  two  Grand  Duchies  of  Mecklenburg  and  the  free  city  of  Lubeck  joined 
the  Zollverein,  which  now  extends  over  39,000,000  inhabitants. — The  North  German  Confedera 
tion  proposed  to  reform  the  laws  relative  to  emigration,  by  an  international  negotiation. 

September.    The  army  was  considerably  reduced. 

November  4th.  Opening  of  the  Diet  by  the  King.  The  Upper  House  elected  as  its  Pres 
ident,  Count  Stollberg,  the  Lower,  Herr  von  Forckenbeck.  The  financial  budget  showed  a 
deficit  of  5,200,000  thalers. 

2Oth.  The  Diet  voted  in  favor  of  the  entire  freedom  of  debate.  The  deputies  from  Schles- 
wig,  refusing  to  take  the  constitutional  oath,  were  denied  seats  in  the  Diet. 

December  19th.  The  Upper  House  of  Deputies  rejected  the  resolution  guaranteeing 
immunity  from  arrest  for  words  spoken  in  debate. 

SOUTH  GEKMAN  STATES.— BAVARIA. 

January  31st.    Publication  of  a  military  code  to  operate  from  February  1, 18G8. 

February  24th.    Death  of  Baron  von  Pechmaun,  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

28th.    Ex-king  Louis  I.  died. 

March  28th.    Tumults  at  Traunstein  (Upper  Bavaria)  on  account  of  militia  matters. 

31st.    Herr  von  Hoermann  was  appointed  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

May  26th.  Proclamation  of  the  King  at  the  anniversary  of  the  constitution.  He  promised 
to  stand  by  it. 

SOth.    Conclusion  of  a  naturalization  treaty  with  the  United  States. 

September  21st.  Beginning  of  the  Military  Convention  of  the  South  German  States  at 
Munich. 

November  4th.    Opening  of  the  Diet. 

BADEN. 

February  4th.    Death  of  Mathy,  the  Minister  of  State  and  Finances. 

12th.    De  Jolly  was  charged  with  forming  a  new  Cabinet. 

13th.  The  President  of  the  Council,  Jolly,  announced  the  formation  of  the  Cabinet,  and  his 
political  programme.  His  aim  was  the  unity  of  Germany. 

15th.    The  Houses  adjourned. 

July.  Conclusion  of  a  treaty  regarding  the  mutual  protection  of  the  rights  of  naturalized 
citizens,  with  the  United  States. 

WURTEMBERG. 

February.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  unanimously,  the  Jury  system. 
2Oth.    The  Landtag  adjourned.    Speech  of  the  King. 
March  16th.    Publication  of  the  new  Judiciary  law. 

HESSE. 

June  25th.    Inauguration  of  the  Luther  Monument  at  Worms,  in  the  presence  of  the  King 
of  Prussia  and  other  sovereigns. 
July.    The  American  naturalization  treaty  was  adopted. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

January  9th.  Committal  of  the  Fenians  Burke,  Casey,  Shaw  and  Mullaney,  to  Warwick 
Jail,  for  trial,  on  charge  of  treason. 

12th.    The  steamship  Chicago  ran  ashore  in  a  fog,  near  Queenstown,  Ireland. 

14th.    Shock  of  an  earthquake  felt  at  St.  Andrews,  Canada. 

17th.    G.  F.  Train  arrested  at  Queenstown,  Ireland,  by  the  Government. 

18th.  Fenians  attacked  a  martello  tower  near  Dungannon,  Ireland,  and  were  repulsed.— A 
number  of  Fenians  were  arrested. 

24th.    Great  gales  over  the  united  kingdom. 

26th.    Wide-spread  distress  in  the  eastern  districts  of  London. 

February  1st.    A  terrific  storm  prevailed  all  over  England. 

3d.  A  fearful  snow  storm  raged  over  Newfoundland.— The  steamer  Aurora  was  sunk  at  La- 
cnine,  Canada. 

lOth.    Fenian  riots  and  deadly  assaults  on  the  police  in  Cork. 

1 1th.    Death  of  Sir  David  Brewster. 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  763 

12th.    Terrific  storm  in  Newfoundland. — More  disturbances  at  Cork. 

13th.    Opening  of  the  Parliament  without  Royal  speech. 

14th.  The  Fenian  leader,  Leniion,  was  sentenced  in  Dublin,  to  15  years'  imprisonment,  with 
hard  labor. 

19th.  The  Commons  adopted  a  bill  for  the  renewal  of  the  suspension  of  the  habeas  corpus 
act  in  Ireland. — Conviction  of  Sullivan  and  Pigot,  at  Dublin,  for  seditious  libels  on  the  Gov 
ernment. 

25th.  Count  Derby  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health.— Disraeli  was  charged  with  the  for 
mation  of  a  new  cabinet. 

28th.  The  authorities  of  Ireland  were  empowered  to  apprehend  or  detain,  for  a  limited 
time,  such  persons  as  should  be  suspected  of  conspiring  against  her  majesty's  person  or  gov 
ernment.— The  Nova  Scotia  House  of  Assembly  passed  resolutions  against  the  Provincial  Union, 
by  a  vote  of  36  to  2. 

29th.    Fenian  treason  trials  in  Sligo,  Ireland. 

March  3d.  Gen.  Nagle  was  tried  for  Fenianism  by  a  jury,  in  Dublin.— G.  F.  Train  was 
again  arrested  at  Dublin. 

5th.  Disraeli  declared  to  the  Commons  that  he  would  continue  the  policy  of  Lord  Derby, 
and  that  his  programme  was  one  of  peace. — Lord  Malmesbury  declared  the  same  to  the  House 
of  Lords. 

12th.  Prince  Alfred  was  wounded  in  the  back  by  a  pistol-shot  by  the  Fenian  O'Farrell,  at 
Port  Jackson,  Australia. 

18th.  The  Disraeli  cabinet  adjourned  the  whole  plan  of  Irish  reform  to  the  next  Parliament. 
—A  great  flood  washed  away  ten  miles  of  the  Great  Western  Railroad  track,  near  Chatham, 
Canada  West. 

23d.  Capt.  Mackay  sentenced  to  penal  servitude  for  twelve  years.— The  House  of  Commons 
passed  the  bill  for  the  abolition  of  Church  rates. 

27th.  The  Fenians  Thompson  and  Mullauey,  were  convicted  for  killing  the  policeman  Brett, 
at  Manchester,  and  were  sentenced  to  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  for  life. 

3Oth.  Mr.  Gladstone  moved  that,  the  House  of  Commons  resolve  itself  into  a  committee  to 
consider  the  Acts  relating  to  the  Established  Church  of  Ireland. 

April  4th.  The  motion  of  Lord  Stanley  to  postpone  the  Irish  Church  question  until  the 
next  Parliament,  was  negatived  by  330  to  270  votes. — The  House  adopted  Gladstone's  motion, 
328  to  272. — The  Government  proclaimed  the  adopted  son  of  the  Maharadia,  of  Mysore,  suc 
cessor  of  the  latter. 

7th.  Thomas  D'Arcy  McGee  was  assassinated  at  Ottawa,  Canada. — Enthusiastic  meetings 
of  the  Liberal  party  all  over  England. 

8th.    Dr.  Livingstone  was  heard  from. 

12th.  Death,  at  Hatfield  House,  in  Herfordshire,  of  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury,  aged 
77  years. 

1 5th.    Visit  of  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales  to  Ireland. 

21st.  The  Commons  adopted  a  motion  asking  that  executions  should  no  longer  take  place 
in  public.— Death  of  Gen.  Simpson,  commander-in-chief  of  the  English  army  in  the  Crimea,  at 
the  age  of  76  years. 

27th.  Close  of  the  trial  of  the  Fenian  prisoners  for  murder  in  the  Clerkenwell  explosion.— 
Barrett  only  convicted,  and  sentenced  to  death ;  all  the  others  were  acquitted. 

3Oth.  The  Commons  adopted,  by  330  against  265  votes,  the  first  of  Gladstone's  resolutions. 
— Conclusion  of  a  treaty  of  navigation  with  Austria. — Conviction  of  Burke  and  Shaw  for 
felony ;  the  former  sentenced  to  fifteen  years',  and  the  latter  to  seven  years'  penal  servitude. 

May  4th.    Disraeli  stated  that  the  Queen  refused  to  receive  the  resignation  of  the  ministers 
until  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  new  constituencies. 
"     0th.    Death,  at  Cannes,  France,  of  Lord  Henry  Brougham. 

lOth.    No-Popery  riots  at  Ashton-under-Lyne. 

1 1th.    The  Capital  Punishment  within  Prisons  Bill  passed. 

14th.  The  Protestant  Bishops  of  Ireland  sent  to  the  Queen  an  address  against  the  abolition 
of  the  Irish  Church. 

18th.  Baxter's  motion  that  in  order  to  avoid  increasing  the  number  of  members  in  the 
House,  English  boroughs  under  5,000  in  population  be  disfranchised,  carried  by  217  to  196.— 
Bouverie's  amendment  on  the  Scotch  Reform  Bill,  to  reject  the  clause  requiring  payment  of 
rates  as  a  qualification,  carried  by  118  to  96. 

26th.  Michael  Barrett,  convicted  of  causing  the  Clerkenwell  explosion,  was  executed  at 
Newgate,  London. 


764  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

June  1st.    Pigot  and  Sullivan,  the  Fenian  editors,  set  free  by  issue  of  a  writ  of  error. 
2d.    The  Grand  Jury  in  the  case  of  Eyre,  late  Governor  of  Jamaica,  found  no  true  bill,  and 
the  prosecution  \vas  therefore  closed. — Departure  of  the  greater  portion  of  the  expeditionary 
force  from  Abyssinia. 

18th.    The  Commons  rejected  Col.  French's  amendment  to  the  Irish  Reform  Bill  reducing 
the  county  franchise  from  £12  to  £8.— The  Scotch  Reform  Bill  passed. 
25th.    The  Irish  Reform  Bill  was  passed  by  the  Commons. 
29th.    The  House  of  Lords  rejected  the  Irish  Church  bill. 

July  2d.    The  thanks  of  Parliament  voted  to  Sir  Robert  Napier  and  the  army  of  Abyssinia. 
6th.    Accouchement  of  the  Princess  of  Wales  of  a  princess. 

7th.  The  Scotch  Representation  Bill  passed  by  the  House  of  Lords.— Gen.  Napier  was  made 
Lord  Napier  of  Magdala. 

9th.    The  Irish  Reform  bill  passed  the  House  of  Lords. 

13th.    An  act  was  passed  to  carry  into  effect  a  convention  between  her  Majesty  and  the 
Emperor  of  the  French,  concerning  the  fisheries  in  the  seas  adjoining  the  British  Islands  and  . 
France,  and  to  amend  the  laws  regarding  British  sea  fisheries  ;  also  an  act  to  amend  the  repre 
sentation  of  the  people  in  Ireland. 

23d.  The  Commons  passed  the  bill  providing  for  the  purchase  of  all  the  telegraph  lines  by 
the  Government. 

31st.  An  act  was  passed  for  enabling  her  Majesty  to  accept  a  surrender,  upon  terms,  of  the 
lands,  privileges  and  rights  of  u  the  governor  and  company  of  adventurers  of  England  trading 
in  Hudson's  Bay,"  and  for  admitting  Hudson's  Bay  Territory  into  the  dominion  of  Canada.— 
The  Parliament  was  prorogued.— The  habeas  corpus  was  restored  in  Ireland,  and  the  prisoners 
affected  by  it  were  set  free. 

August  1st.    Twenty-three  persons  crushed  to  death  at  Manchester,  while  attempting  to 
leave  Music  Hall,  during  a  panic  created  by  an  alarm  of  fire. 
3d.    Failure  of  the  Atlantic  Cable  of  1866. 

8th.  Continued  drought  throughout  the  United  Kingdom.— Queen  Victoria  in  Switzer 
land. 

lOth.    Two  persons  sentenced  to  twelve  months'  hard  labor  at  Bristol,  for  personation  of 
voters  at  the  recent  election. — Editor  Pigot  was  pardoned. 
13th.    Serious  anti-rent  riots  at  Tipperary,  Ireland. 

2Oth.    Fearful  railroad  accident  at  Cardigan,  Wales ;  27  persons  were  killed. 
September  4th.    Repeal  resolutions  passed  by  the  Nova  Scotia  House. 
5th.    No-Popery  riot  in  Manchester. 

6th.    A  large  number  of  rioters  were  arrested  in  Manchester. 

14th.    First  interview  of  the  new  American  Minister,  Reverdy  Johnson,  with  the  Queen. 
16th.    The  town  of  Barkerville,  British  Columbia,  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
October  7th.    Thirty  lives  were  lost  in  London,  by  explosion  in  a  pyrotechnic  factory. 
November  llth.    The  Parliament  was  dissolved. 

13th.    Beginning  of  the  elections.— The  Queen  received  Mr.  Burlingame,  the  Einbassador  of 
China,  at  Windsor  Castle.— Election  tumults  in  Bristol,  Belfast  and  Cork. 
17th.    The  riot  act  was  read  in  Bolton. 

2Oth.    Serious  riots  at  Drogheda,  during  the  elections ;  the  troops  fired  upon  the  people. 
21st.    The  commission  for  the  arrangement  of  the  Alabama  claims  to  sit  in  Washington.— 
Disraeli  refused  the  peerage. 

24th.  One  hundred  and  four  persons  were  killed  and  wounded  by  the  explosion  of  a  coal 
mine  at  Arley. 

December  2d.    The  Ministry  resigned. 

3d.  Gladstone  accepted  the  appointment  of  Premier. — John  Bright  accepted  a  place  in  the 
Ministry. 

6th.    Great  gales  ;  many  ships  were  wrecked. 

lOth.  Opening  of  the  new  Parliament. — The  members  of  Gladstone's  cabinet  formally  ac 
cepted  their  appointments. 

18th.    Earthquake  shock  at  Gibraltar. 

21st.  Nearly  all  the  members  of  the  new  Parliament  appointed  to  government  positions 
were  re-elected. 

GREECE. 

February  6th.    Ministerial  crisis.— The  cabinet  was  dissolved,  and  Bulgaria  charged  to 
form  a  new  one. 
8th.    The  Parliament  was  dissolved. 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  705 

March  6th.  Six  hundred  women  and  children,  refugees  from  Crete,  were  brought  to  the 
Piraeus  by  a  Russian  frigate. 

April  3d.    Beginning  of  the  Election  which  resulted  in  a  larger  majority  for  this  ministry. 

May  7th.    Opening  of  the  Parliament.— Speech  of  the  King. 

June.  The  foreign  ministers  in  Athens  protested  against  Candian  members  being  admitted 
to  the  Legislature  of  Greece.— They  were,  consequently  not  admitted. 

July  27th.  The  Metropolitan  of  Athens  called  on  Mr.  Tuckermann,  U.  S.  minister  and 
thanked  him  for  the  sympathy  of  the  United  States  with  the  Greek  nation. 

December.  The  King  of  Denmark  and  the  Prince  of  Wales  urged  the  King  of  Greece  to 
concede  the  demands  of  the  Sultan. — The  Grecian  Government  refused  the  Sultan's  demands. — 
The  military  reserves  were  called  out- — Two  war  vessels  were  ordered  to  Syra. 

22d.  The  Government  demanded  of  the  Chambers  a  credit  of  one  hundred  million  drachmas. 
—Troops  were  levied,  and  towns  fortified. 

24th.  The  Greek  minister  in  Constantinople  left. — The  Chambers  granted  the  demands  of 
the  Government  for  men  and  money. 

28th.  The  Foreign  Minister  declared  that  the  kingdom  would  make  any  sacrifice  for  the 
maintenance  of  its  rights. 

ITALY. 

January  1  st.  King  Victor  Emanuel  advised  the  people  and  Parliament  to  remain  calm 
during  the  crisis. 

4th.    Conclusion  of  a  commercial  treaty  with  China,  at  Florence. 

5th.  New  cabinet  formed  out  of  a  minority  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies.— Alarming  erup 
tion  of  Mount  Vesuvius. 

1 1th.    Re-opening  of  the  Parliament. 

2Oth.  Prime  Minister  Menabrea  informed  the  Spanish  Government  that  Italy  would  not 
admit  the  interference  with  her  affairs  of  any  foreign  power,  except  France.— The  Government 
recognized  the  republic  of  Mexico,  and  accredited  a  minister  to  it.— The  sales  of  church  property 
proved  very  profitable  to  the  government.— The  legislative  opposition  on  the  question  of  the 
budget  was  defeated. 

22d.    The  Legislature  passed  an  income  tax  bill. 

February  3d.  A  thanksgiving  festival,  prepared  by  the  ecclesiastical  authorities  on  account 
of  the  battle  of  Montana,  was  prohibited  by  the  government. 

lOth.  Death,  at  Turin,  of  Count  Thaon  di  Revel,  formerly  State  Minister,  Senator,  and 
Municipal  Councilor. 

13th.  Signing,  at  Florence,  of  the  final  protocol  regarding  the  regulation  of  the  frontiers 
of  Valteline,  and  the  Canton  Grisons. 

2Oth.    Creation  of  the  order  of  the  Crown  of  Italy. 

21st.  Conclusion  of  a  treaty  with  Switzerland  concerning  the  church  property  of  the  dio 
cese  of  Como. 

March  1st.  The  workingmen  of  Genoa  addressed  Admiral  Farragut  and  complimented  the 
liberal  feeling  of  the  American  people. — Manilas  remains  were  returned  to  Venice,  and  received 
with  great  honor. — A  uian-of-war  was  sent  to  Japan. 

29th.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  the  treaties  with  China,  Japan  and  Uruguay,  and 
a  motion  concerning  a  postal  treaty  with  the  Netherlands. 

April  22d.  Marriage  of  Prince  Humbert  with  the  Princess  Margaret  of  Italy,  his  cousin.— 
Violent  riots  in  Bologna. 

June  9th.    Opening  of  the  Mount  Cenis  Railway  across  the  Alps. 

17th.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted,  by  160  against  57  votes,  the  project  of  law  increas 
ing  the  direct  taxes  by  one-tenth. 

23d.  The  French  General,  Dumont,  announced  in  Civita  Vecchia,  that  Napoleon  would 
never  abandon  the  Pope. 

August  3d.  The  Second  Chamber  resolved  to  limit  the  issue  of  notes  to  750  mill,  (francs). 
—The  Tobacco  Trade  Convention  was  adopted,  205  to  161  votes. 

September  17th.  Cardinal  Reisach  was  sentenced,  by  a  civil  court  at  Rieti,  to  pay  a  fine 
of  500  francs,  for  attempting  to  take  possession  of  the  See  of  Sabina,  by  order  of  the  Pope, 
without  the  authority  of  the  King.— Gen.  Garibaldi  resigned  his  seat  in  the  National  Par 
liament. 

November.  Mount  Vesuvius  was  in  a  violent  state  of  eruption ;  the  light  was  seen  150 
miles  distant  at  sea.— The  Parliament  began  its  sessions.— The  Finance  Minister's  budget 
showed  a  diminution  of  the  deficit  by  81  millions. 

December  27th.    Garibaldi  issued  an  encouraging  manifesto  to  the  Cretans. 


766  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

NETHERLANDS. 

January  3d.    A  royal  decree  ordered  the  dissolution  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

lOth.  The  Minister  of  State,  (de  Kock),  resigned  his  function  as  chief  of  the  Royal 
Cabinet. 

22d.  Election  of  a  new  Chamber  of  Deputies ;  it  resulted  in  the  election  of  35  ministerial, 
and  38  opposition  candidates. 

February  25th.    Opening  of  the  session  of  the  Chambers  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

March  2d.    De  Thorbecke  protested  against  the  last  dissolution  of  the  Chambers. 

7th.  The  debates  concerning  Thorbecke1  s  protest  were  concluded. — The  Chamber  of  Depu 
ties  resolved,  by  65  votes  against  5,  to  wait  for  the  presentation  of  the  diplomatic  documents 
promised  by  the  ministry  before  voting  on  the  motion  of  Blusse  declaring  that  the  last  dissolu 
tion  of  the  Chambers  was  not  in  the  interest  of  the  country. 

14th.  The  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  presented  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  the  diplomatic 
documents  concerning  Luxemburg. 

17th.  Report  of  the  commission  regarding  the  diplomatic  documents  presented  by  the 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

23d.  The  report  of  the  commission  having  been  adopted  on  the  21st,  by  55  votes  against  18, 
the  motion  of  Blusse  to  disapprove  the  dissolution  of  the  Chambers,  was  adopted  by  39  against 
34  votes. 

April  3d.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adjourned  its  session  to  the  21st  of  April. 

28th.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  rejected  the  project  of  the  budget  of  Foreign  Affairs  by  37 
votes  against  33. — The  discussion  was  adjourned. — All  the  ministers  resigned. 

May  23d.  Van  Reenen  and  Baron  Mackay,  having  successively  failed  to  form  a  new  cabinet, 
the  king  confided  this  task  to  Thorbecke. 

June  3d,  4th  and  8th.  End  of  the  ministerial  crisis.— New  Cabinet.— The  ministries 
for  Public  Worship  were  abolished. — Riotous  demonstrations  in  Luxemburg,  in  sympathy  with 
France ;  they  were  promptly  suppressed. 

12th.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  the  budgets  for  war,  navy,  finances  and  colonies. 

22d.    The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  the  budgets  for  Surinam  and  Curacao. 

November.  Serious  riots  iu  Rotterdam  quelled  by  the  troops ;  twenty-two  persons  were 
killed. 

PAPAL  STATES. 

February  8th.  Gen.  de  Failly  transmitted  the  command  of  the  French  Army  of  Occupa 
tion,  which  was  reduced  to  a  single  brigade,  to  Gen.  Dumont. 

March  4th.    Prince  Lucien  Bonaparte  was  created  a  Cardinal. 

17th.    The  Pope  rejected  Napoleon's  plan  for  a  settlement  with  Italy. 

2Oth.    Admiral  Farragut  received  by  the  Pope. 

May  8th.  Conclusion  of  a  treaty  of  commerce  and  navigation  with  North  Germany  and 
the  Zollverein. 

June  22d.  The  Pope  addressed  two  allocutions  to  the  Secret  Consistory  ;  in  the  one  he 
announced  the  convocation  of  a  General  Council ;  in  the  other  he  spoke  against  the  abolition 
of  the  Austrian  Concordat. 

29th.  The  Pope  issued  a  bull  calling  a  general  council  of  the  Church,  at  Rome,  on  Decem 
ber  8, 1869. 

August.    The  foreign  soldiers  in  the  service  of  the  Pope  deserted  in  large  numbers. 

November  2d.    A  Revolutionary  Committee  was  organized  in  Rome. 

PORTUGAL. 

January  3d.    Anti-tax  riot  in  Lisbon.— The  Cabinet  resigned. 

4th.  New  Cabinet.— The  King  and  Queen  fired  upon  while  returning  from  a  hunting  party  ; 
they  were  unhurt.— The  Parliament  was  dissolved. 

February.  The  Government  authorized  the  laying  of  a  telegraphic  cable  across  the 
Atlantic,  the  line  to  be  run  from  Falmouth  to  Oporto,  thence  to  the  Azores  and  the  United 
States. 

April  15th.    Opening  of  the  Cortes.— Speech  of  the  King. 

21st.  Exchange  of  ratifications  of  a  treaty  of  amity,  commerce  and  navigation  with  the 
Republic  of  Liberia. 

June  25th.    General  amnesty  for  political  crimes. 

July.  Changes  in  the  Cabinet.— The  Duke  of  Louie  was  charged  with  the  formation  of  a 
new  Cabinet. 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  767 

August.  The  second  Chamber  authorized  material  reforms,  by  100  votes  to  13.— Extensive 
fire  at  Lisbon,  half  a  million  dollars  worth  of  property  destroyed. 

October.  Expedition  against  Mozambique ;  the  Portuguese  troops,  surprised  by  the  natives, 
suffered  severely. 

RUSSIA. 

January.  The  extensive  gold  fields  discovered  near  the  Amoor  were  guarded  by  Russian 
troops. 

18th.  Death  of  Prince  Basil  Dolgoroukoff,  General  of  Cavalry,  Adjutant-General,  and  Min 
ister  of  War. 

February.  The  Czar  protested  with  the  other  European  powers,  against  the  extensive 
armament  going  on  in  the  Principality  of  Servia. 

29th.  An  Imperial  ukase  ordered  the  suppression  of  the  Government  Commission  for  the 
domestic  affairs  of  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  and  the  subordination  of  the  administration  of  the 
kingdom  to  the  different  authorities  of  the  Empire.— An  Imperial  ukase  ordered  the  amalga 
mation  of  the  Ministry  of  Postal  Affairs  and  Telegraphs  with  that  of  the  Interior. 

April  1 5th.  Russia  refused  to  mediate  between  Denmark  and  Germany  in  the  Schleswig 
question. 

May  1st.    Beginning  of  hostilities  against  the  Emir  of  Bokhara. 

2d.  Battle  in  Bokhara ;  the  troops  of  the  Emir  were  beaten  and  the  city  of  Bokhara  was 
taken. 

24th.  A  semi-official  paper  St.  Petersburg  announced  the  conclusion  of  a  commercial  treaty 
with  Khokand. 

25th.    Battle  near  Samarcand ;  the  Bokharians  were  defeated. 

26th.    Samarcand  was  taken  by  Gen.  Kaufmann. 

June  1st.  Another  great  battle  between  the  Russians  and  Bokharians,  in  which  the 
former  were  victorious. 

6th.  Publication  of  an  amnesty  for  political  crimes. — Prince  Gortschakoff  proposed  to  the 
Powers  a  Convention  for  prohibiting  the  use  of  certain  explosive  projectiles. — The  Emperor 
mitigated  the  sentences  of  many  exiles  in  Siberia. 

July.  The  Russians  in  Central  Asia  formed  an  alliance  with  Feroz  Shah,  thus  advancing 
nearer  to  the  north-western  frontier  of  British  India.— Conclusion  of  a  peace  between  the  Emir 
of  Bokhara  and  the  Czar's  General  commanding  in  Central  Asia.— The  troops  of  the  Czar 
evacuated  Samarcand. 

November.  The  International  Military  Commission  met  in  St.  Petersburg  under  the  presi 
dency  of  the  Russian  Minister  of  War. — The  Emperor  appointed  Jan.  11,  1869,  for  a  general 
draft  to  fill  the  army. 

December.  Russia  asked  that  hostilities  between  Greece  and  Turkey  be  suspended  until 
the  proposed  Conference  had  ended  its  deliberations. 

25th.    Russia  urged  the  United  States  to  take  part  in  the  Turko-Grecian  Conference. 

SPAIN. 

January.  Teneriffe,  in  the  Canary  Islands,  was  visited  by  a  violent  and  destructive  hur 
ricane. 

4th.    The  Captain-General  of  Cuba  placed  the  island  under  military  government. 

22d.  The  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  informed  the  Italian  Government  that  Spain  was  de 
termined  to  uphold  the  temporal  power  of  the  Pope. 

23d.    Amnesty  for  the  persons  compromised  in  the  insurrections  of  1866  and  1867. 

29th.    A  brigade  of  soldiers  was  formed  for  the  support  of  the  Pope. 

February  5th.    It  was  dissolved  owing  to  the  remonstrance  of  France. 

15th.    Sev.  Catalina  was  appointed  Minister  of  the  Navy. 

March  llth.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopted  a  law  granting  a  longer  period  for  the 
conversion  of  bonds  of  the  Passive  Debt. 

2Oth.    The  Minister  of  Finance  was  authorized  to  contract  a  loan  of  55  millions  of  francs. 

27th.  The  Government  paid  an  indemnity  to  England  for  the  seizure  of  the  ship  Queen 
Victoria. 

30th.  Signing,  at  Madrid,  of  the  treaty  of  commerce  with  North  Germany.— The  Govern 
ment  rigorously  excluded  all  American  newspapers. 

April.    Tumults  recommenced  in  Catalonia. 

13th.    Catalonia  was  again  placed  under  martial  law. 

23d.  Death  of  Marshal  R.  M.  Narvaez,  Duke  of  Valencia,  President  of  the  Council  of  Min 
istry  and  minister  of  War,  in  consequence  of  which  all  the  ministers  gave  in  their  resignation.— 


768  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

The  Minister  of  the  Interior,  L.  Gonz.  Bravo  Murillo  was  charged  with  the  formation  of  a  new 
Cabinet. 

24th.  New  Cabinet :  Bravo,  President  of  Interior ;  Roncali,  Justice  and,  provisionally, 
Foreign  Affairs ;  Catalina,  Public  Works ;  Belda,  Navy  ;  Marfori,  Colonies  ;  Orobio,  Finances  ; 
Lieut.-Gen.  Mayalcle  y  Villaroya,  War;  Bravo  declared  to  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  that  he 
would  continue  the  political  programme  of  his  predecessor. 

May  8th.    The  Senate  adopted  the  budget  for  1869. 

9th.    The  Senate  approved  the  commercial  treaty  with  the  Zollverein. 

2Oth.    A  royal  decree  adjourned  the  Cortes. 

June  16th.  Change  in  the  Cabinet:  Roncali  was  definitely  appointed  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs  ;  Coronado,  Minister  of  Justice  ;  Marfori,  Minister  of  the  Royal  House. 

July  6th.  Arrest  of  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Montpensier  at  Seville ;  they  were  exiled  by 
order  of  the  Q.ueen. 

8th.  The  late  Captain-General  of  Cuba,  Gen.  Dulce,  Marshal  Serrano,  and  other  high  officer? 
of  the  army,  were  arrested  on  a  charge  of  conspiring  against  the  Queen's  throne ;  they  were 
banished  to  the  Canary  Islands. 

14th.    The  army  was  exhorted  to  loyalty  by  the  General  commanding  at  Madrid. 

28th.    Measures  of  military  repression  were  directed  against  the  insurrectionary  movement. 

August.  Discontent  increased  and  extended  to  the  navy. — Martial  law  was  declared  in 
Barcelona. — Insurgents  were  moving  in  Aragon  and  Catalonia. — Secret  presses  circulated  pam 
phlets  against  the  government. — The  Captain  Generals  of  Madrid  and  Barcelona,  Marquis 
Novaliches,  Count  Cheste  and  the  Minister  of  War  resigned. 

September  18th.  Outbreak  of  the  revolution. — Admiral  Topete,  commanding  the  naval 
forces  off  Cadiz,  revolted. — All  the  exiled  Generals  returned. — Gen.  Concha  was  commissioned 
to  command  the  royal  forces. — The  Minister  President,  Gonzalez  Bravo,  resigned  and  escaped 
to  France. 

28th.    In  the  battle  of  Alcola,  the  royal  troops  were  defeated. 

29th.    Madoz  was  declared  President  of  the  Provisional  Junta. 

SOth.  Queen  Isabella  crossed  the  frontier  in  her  flight  to  France.— The  deposition  of  the 
Queen  and  the  sovereignty  of  the  people  were  publicly  and  officially  proclaimed  by  the  Provi 
sional  Government. 

October.  The  insurrection  spread  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  kingdom ;  it  prevailed 
at  Alicante,  at  Leon,  in  Malaga,  in  the  provinces  of  Bejar  and  Alcoy.— Lersundi,  the  Captain 
General  of  Cuba,  acknowledged  the  sovereignty  of  the  new  provisional  government  in  Spain. — 
The  Junta  called  out  the  militia. — The  whole  kingdom  of  Spain  recognized  the  Provisional 
Government. — A  perfect  understanding  existed  between  the  heads  of  the  several  parties. 

3d.  Madrid  was  won  by  the  revolutionists  without  the  spilling  of  blood.— Marshal  Serrano, 
accompanied  by  seven  generals  of  the  army,  entered  Madrid  in  triumph. — Gen.  Serrano,  the 
head  of  the  moderate  "Liberal  Union"  party,  and  Gen.  Prim,  the  head  of  the  more  radical  Pro 
gressists,  agreed  to  call  Marshal  Espartero,  Duke  of  Victoria,  to  the  head  of  the  State. — A  new 
ministry  was  formed,  of  which  Serrano  was  made  President. 

4th.    Isabella  issued  her  protest  against  the  revolutionists. 

7th.  A  provisional  government  was  organized  by  the  sanction  of  Gen.  Prim  and  Serrano, 
honorary  Presidents. — Santa  Anna  was  ordered  to  leave  Cuba. 

12th.    The  Provisional  Government  decreed  the  expulsion  of  the  Jesuits. 

16th.  The  Provisional  Government  declared  the  children  of  all  slaves  free. — The  election 
of  a  Constitutional  Assembly  was  fixed  for  the  15th  of  November ;  it  was  subsequently  postponed 
to  January,  1869. — The  Provisional  Government  introduced  important  reforms :  administrative 
decentralization,  universal  suffrage,  religious  liberty,  the  right  of  public  assemblage,  the  right 
of  trial  by  jury,  and  equality  of  all  men  before  the  law.— The  American  Minister  was  the  first 
to  congratulate  the  Government  on  the  great  changes.— The  Central  Provisional  Junta  in  Mad 
rid  and  the  several  Juntas  in  the  Province  having  been  dissolved,  the  new  government  was  in 
trusted  to  Marshal  Serrano. 

26th.  A  battle  was  fought  at  Tunas,  Cuba,  between  the  government  troops  and  a  num 
ber  of  insurgents. 

November.  The  city  of  Havana  was  authorized  to  borrow  10,000,000  crowns  to  finish  the 
Isabella  canal.— A  powerful  naval  and  military  expedition  fitted  out  in  Cadiz  to  accompany  the 
new  Captain-General  Dulee  to  Cuba,  to  whom  extensive  powers  were  granted. — The  Govern 
ments  of  Prussia,  Italy,  France,  Belgium,  England  and  Portugal,  opened  diplomatic  inter 
course  with  the  Provisional  Government.— The  Ministerial  Report  on  the  financial  condition 
of  the  country,  calculated  a  deficit  of  2,500  millions  of  reals,  and  urged  the  necessity  of  extra- 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  769 

ordinary  expenses  in  consequence  of  famine  and  the  generally  prevailing  want  of  work.— A 
decree  of  the  Government  opened  a  public  subscription  for  a  loan  of  200  millions  of  Spanish 
dollars,  to  be  guaranteed  by  the  crown  domains  to  the  amount  of  2,110  millions  of  reals*.— The 
term  of  service  in  the  navy  was  shortened  by  two  years.— Marshal  Serrano  confirmed  Gen. 
Prim's  appointment  as  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Spanish  army.— The  Republicans  held 
meetings  declaring  against  the  re-establishment  of  a  monarchy. — The  Minister  of  Justice  author 
ized  the  building  of  a  Protestant  church  in  Madrid.— The  Bishops  organized  a  reaction  in  the 
country,  and  protested  against  the  suppression  of  the  convents.— Nearly  all  commanders  of  the 
provinces  asked  for  a  reinforcement  of  their  troops ;  Prim  refused  it.— Marshal  Serrano  nomi 
nated  25  Councillors  of  State.— Justices  of  Peace  were  re-appointed  in  the  provinces.— The  in 
habitants  of  the  Balearic  and  Canary  islands  petitioned  for  religious  toleration.— Count  Bal- 
maseda  was  authorized  to  pardon  all  insurgents  in  Cuba,  except  the  leaders. — The  insurgents  in 
possession  of  Bayanio,  and  other  towns. — The  revolutionary  committee  in  Havana  claimed  bellig 
erent  rights  for  the  insurrectionary  forces. — Puerto  Principe  revolted.  Five  war  vessels  were 
immediately  sent  against  the  insurgents. — The  Government  declared  the  freedom  of  the  colonial 
ports. — An  immense  meeting  of  50,000  people  in  Madrid,  presided  over  by  Olozaga,  pronounced 
for  monarchy.— Republicanism  advocated  in  Cadiz,  and  Seville. — The  insurrection  continued  in 
Cuba;  Man/anillo  besieged  by  the  insurgents  ;  frequent  skirmishes. — The  Spanish  troops  forti 
fied  Puerto  Principe.— Tumults  in  Seville ;  they  were  subdued  by  the  troops. — The  term  of  sub 
scriptions  for  the  loan  was  extended  to  the  15th  of  December. — The  Minister  of  Finance  abol 
ished  the  differential  duties. — Great  demonstrations  of  the  Constitutionalists  and  the  Republi 
cans  at  Barcelona. — The  Carlists  issued  an  election  manifesto  in  Paris. — A  strong  party  aspired 
to  independence  in  Cuba,  and  promised  the  planters  a  great  remission  of  taxes. — Capt.  Gen. 
Lersundi  pardoned  several  prominent  revolutionists. — In  a  fight  near  Santa  Cruz,  the  insur 
gents  were  routed. — The  Spanish  merchants  of  Havana  raised  three  months'  volunteers  for 
service  against  the  insurgents. — Republican  demonstrations  prevalent  in  Spain.  The  Govern 
ment  declared  that  the  people  were  in  favor  of  a  monarchy. — The  insurgents  in  Cuba  routed 
Col.  Quiros  and  drove  him  into  Santiago  de  Cuba. — Numerous  demonstrations  in  Porto  Rico 
against  the  authorities. — The  town  of  Holguin  captured  by  the  revolutionary  forces. 

December.  Espartero  was  asked  to  become  temporary  Dictator  of  Spain. — Gen.  Prim  de 
clared  the  Spanish  Government  would  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  Bourbons.— The  revolution 
ary  Junta  of  Cuba  refused  to  accept  any  reforms  offered  as  an  inducement  to  surrender,  and 
declared  their  determination  to  fight  for  independence. — The  Spanish  press  urged  the  concession 
of  liberal  reforms  for  Cuba  and  the  settlement  of  the  slavery  question. — Carlist  movements  were 
organizing  in  the  provinces — Santiago  de  Cuba  was  closely  surrounded  by  the  insurgents,  who 
recaptured  Villa  del  Cobre.— Severe  fight  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Alta  Garcia,  between  Puerto 
Principe  and  Nuevitas :  likewise  at  Moran. 

9th.  Rising  of  the  Republicans  in  Cadiz.— The  insurgents  occupied  prominent  positions 
and  were  well  supplied  with  arms.— Bloody  conflict.— An  armistice  of  two  days  was  agreed  to, 
the  insurgents  demanding  terms  of  capitulation.— Count  Balmaseda  defeated  the  insurgents 
in  Cuba.— The  Government  did  not  accede  to  the  demands  made  by  the  insurgents  of  Cadiz- 
Gen.  Caballero  de  Roda  issued  a  proclamation,  giving  the  people  time  until  the  13th  to  lay 
down  their  arms.— The  insurgents  surrendered  and  gave  up  their  arms.— The  troops  entered  the 
city.— New  risings  in  Cuba.— The  leaders  of  all  political  parties  in  Spain  pledged  themselves  to 
preserve  peace  until  the  questions  at  issue  were  settled  by  the  Constituent  Cortes.— Steam 
transports  arrived  with  troops  in  Cuba.— A  portion  of  the  Progressists  in  favor  of  Espartero 
as  King.— A  Carlist  conspiracy  discovered  at  Navarra. 

18th.  Shock  of  earthquake  in  Gibraltar.— The  steamer  Pclayo  sailed  from  Havana  for  San 
tiago  with  1,000  men  to  reinforce  the  troops  operating  against  the  insurgents.— The  Republican 
party  in  Spain  developed  great  strength.— The  municipal  elections  resulted  in  a  victory  of  the 
monarchists  at  Madrid;  the  republicans  carried  Seville,  Barcelona,  and  a  large  number  of  the 
provincial  capitals. 

2Oth.    The  insurrection  at  Toro,  in  the  province  of  Zamora  was  promptly  suppressed. 

23d.  Four  thousand  troops  with  artillery  advanced  to  attack  Bayamo,  held  by  the  Cuban 
insurgents.— Eight  hundred  volunteers  landed  on  the  south  side  of  Cuba  to  join  the  Cubans.— 
Ten  thousand  insurgents  surrounded  Santiago  de  Cuba. — Manzanillo  was  closely  besieged. 

3 1st.    A  Republican  rising  at  Malaga. 

SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 

February  29th.  The  Second  Chamber  declared  by  100  votes  against  69,  against  abolishing 
the  penalty  of  death. 

49 


770  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

March.  3d.  The  First  Chamber  also  declared  against  the  abolition  of  capital  punishment  by 
a  great  majority. 

April  9th.  The  Ministers  of  Foreign  Affairs  (Count  Manderstroem),  of  Finances  (Baron 
d'Ugglas),  of  War  (Abelin),  and  of  the  Interior  (de  Lagerstrale),  resigned. 

15th.    The  King  refused  to  accept  their  resignation. 

May  16th.    Closing  of  the  Chambers.    Speech  of  the  King. 

2 1  st.  A  German  expedition  to  the  North  Pole  left  Bergen  in  the  ship  Gcrmania.— A  Swedish 
expedition  sailed  to  explore  Spitzbergen. 

June  4th.    End  of  the  Ministerial  crisis,  and  appointment  of  a  new  Ministry. 

SWITZERLAND. 

January  3d.    The  Federal  Council  resolved  to  renew  diplomatic  relations  with  Mexico. 

26th.  A  great  majority  of  the  voters  of  Zurich  (about  60,000  voting),  decided  for  the  revision 
of  the  constitution  by  the  Council  of  Constitution. 

February  9th.  The  Grand  Council  of  Freiburg  resolved  by  51  votes  against  34  to  re-estab 
lish  the  penalty  of  death. 

March  6th.    Strike  of  laborers  at  Geneva. 

16th.  The  people  of  Neufchatel  decided  with  a  great  majority  against  the  revision  of  the 
constitution. 

April  1 9th.  A  great  majority  of  the  people  of  Thurgau  decideld  in  favor  of  revising  the 
constitution. 

May  1st.    The  Papal  Government  adhered  to  the  convention  of  Geneva,  (August  22, 1864). 

August  17th.  200  Polish  emigrants  and  about  twice  as  many  sympathizers*  from  various 
countries  met  at  Rapperswyl,  Canton  of  St.  Gall,  to  inaugurate  a  monument  commemorative 
of  their  nation's  struggle  for  independence. 

November.  The  elections  for  the  National  Council  resulted  in  the  election  of  74  conserva 
tives  and  30  radicals. 

TURKEY. 

January.  Battle  between  the  Cretans  and  Turks;  the  former  successful. — The  Cretans  re 
jected  all  overtures  from  Turkey,  and  insisted  upon  expelling  invaders  from  the  island. 

February.    Recommencement  of  fights  in  Crete. 

1st.  The  Viceroy  of  Egypt  recalled  his  army  contingent  from  Abyssinia  at  the  request  of 
England. 

1 1th.    The  Grand  Vizier  was  recalled  from  Crete. 

19th.  The  Government  adhered  to  the  international  telegraphic  convention  of  May  17, 1865. 
—Defeat  of  the  Turks  near  the  town  of  Cauea. 

24th.  The  Senate  of  Rumania  voted  by  a  majority  of  3  votes,  to  disapprove  the  action  of 
the  Government. 

25th.  The  Rumanian  Chamber  of  Deputies  gave,  by  91  votes  against  32,  a  vote  of  confi 
dence  to  the  Ministers. 

March  7th.  The  Assembly  of  Montenegro  convoked  February  10,  by  Prince  Nicholas  I., 
changed  the  form  of  government ;  the  entire  administration  was  entrusted  to  the  Senate,  which 
was  responsible  to  the  National  Assembly,  leaving  to  the  Prince  the  external  policy  only.— The 
National  Assembly  of  Crete  sent  an  appeal  to  the  United  States.— The  Porte  refused  the  con 
cession  of  an  American  naval  station  on  the  coast  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

13th.    The  Grand  Vizier  stated  officially  that  the  war  in  Crete  was  at  an  end. 

14th.  Fight  near  Aprocoronia,  in  Crete,  between  Ali  Pasha  and  the  insurgents.  The  Turks 
were  defeated. 

17th.    Opening  of  the  Chambers  of  Egypt. 

April.  Changes  in  the  Egyptian  Cabinet.  Cherif  Pasha  was  appointed  Minister  of  the  In 
terior,  Ismail  Pasha,  Minister  of  Finances. 

May  3d.    The  Cretans  defeated  the  Turks  near  Sphakia. 

lOth.  The  Sultan  opened  the  new  State  Council  by  an  address  in  which  he  announced 
the  presentation  of  divers  projects  of  laws  and  ministerial  reports  regarding  the  situation  of 
the  Empire,  especially  the  state  of  public  works  and  the  organization  of  the  army.  He  con 
cluded  his  address  by  declaring  that  Turkey  should  sincerely  endeavor  to  adopt  European 
civilization. 

1 1th.    The  President  of  the  Rumanian  Ministry,  Stephen  Golesco,  resigned. 

13th.  Nicholas  Golesco  was  charged  with  forming  a  new  Cabinet.  He  accepted  the  Presi 
dency  and  the  portfolio  of  Foreign  Affairs.— The  Provisional  government  of  Crete  decided  to 
convoke  a  Parliament. 


1869.]  RECORD  OF  IMPORTANT  EVENTS.  771 

June  lOth.  Assassination  of  Prince  Michel  III.  Obrenovic.  in  the  Park  Topchida,  near 
Belgrad,  Servia. 

22d.    Milan  Obrenovic,  Prince  Michel's  nephew  was  chosen  Prince  of  Servia. 

24th.    Visit  of  Prince  Napoleon  to  Rumania. 

July  5th.  Prince  Alexander  Georgevich,  the  suspected  instigator  of  the  assassination  of 
Prince  Michel,  with  his  family,  was  excluded  from  succession  to  the  throne  of  Servia,  and 
placed  under  surveillance  of  the  police.— Political  riots  disturbed  Bulgaria.  The  Sultan's  gov 
ernment  despatched  troops  to  restore  order.— The  Sultan's  government  confirmed  the  new 
Prince  of  Servia.— Bloody  conflict  between  the  Christians  and  Turks  at  Scutari. 

27th.    Encounters  between  the  Cretans  and  Turks. 

August.  Turkish  troops  defeated  the  insurgents  in  Bulgaria.— The  Government  declared 
the  eldest  son  of  the  viceroy  of  Egypt  successor  to  the  vice-royal  throne.— Admiral  Farragut  in 
Constantinople.— The  Greeks  of  Chios  attempted  to  celebrate  the  day  of  the  baptism  of  the 
Grecian  King's  son,  but  were  prevented  by  the  Turkish  authorities.— The  Greek  attache  of  the 
American  consulate  was  arrested. 

November  16th.    Great  earthquake  in  Rumania. 

23d.  U.  S.  Minister  Morris  at  Constantinople  protested  against  the  incarceration  of  Amer 
icans  at  Damascus.  — Troops  were  sent  to  Bulgaria  to  quell  disorder. — Change  in  the  Ruma 
nian  Cabinet. 

December.  The  Prime  Minister  of  the  Danubian  Principalities  advocated  respect  for  ex- 
istino  treaties,  and  the  maintenance  of  strict  neutrality.— The  Sublime  Porte  threatened  to  recall 
the  Turkish  Ambassador  at  Athens,  if  open  support  to  the  Cretans  be  not  withheld.— The  Sultan 
sent  an  ultimatum  to  Greece,  and  required  an  answer  in  five  days.— The  Turks  captured  a  strong 
position  in  Sphakia.— Turkish  troops  were  concentrated  on  the  frontier  of  Greece.— All  Greeks 
were  ordered  to  leave  Turkey.— Naval  engagement  between  a  Grecian  war-steamer  and  a  Turk 
ish  cruiser. 

18th.  A  Turkish  fleet  sailed  for  the  Archipelago.— The  Greek  steamer  Enosis  at  Syra  was 
watched  by  Hobart  Pasha.— The  Great  Powers  urged  a  delay  of  action,  the  Western  Powers 
sustained  the  ultimatum. 

21st.  The  Ambassadors  of  the  Western  Powers  declined  protection  to  the  Greek  residents 
in  Constantinople. — A  Russian  flag  burned  in  the  streets  of  Constantinople. 

22d.  The  Sultan  granted  three  weeks  for  the  departure  of  Greek  subjects  from  the  empire. 
Hobart  Pasha  blockaded  Syra. 

24th.  The  American  Minister  offered  his  protection  to  Greek  subjects. — Terrible  steam 
boat  accident  in  the  Gulf  of  Smyrna ;  '200  lives  lost. 

25th.  Ships  of  war  were  placed  by  the  Government  off  the  coast  of  Cortige,  to  prevent 
Greek  volunteers  from  going  to  Crete. 

27th.    The  Porte  declined  to  yield  the  independence  of  Crete,  or  to  sell  or  transfer  it  to  Egypt. 


ASIA,  AFRICA,  AND  AUSTRALIA. 

ABYSSINIA. 

January.  Gen.  Napier  arrived  at  Annesley  Bay.— The  van  of  the  English  expedition  reached 
Senafe. 

February.    The  English  army  arrived  at  Antalo. 

March.    Theodoras  was  at  Magdala  ready  for  the  siege. 

April  lOth.  Gen.  SirRobt.  Napier  defeated  the  Emperor  Theodoras  before  the  fortress  cf 
Magdala.— Theodoras  sent  the  European  prisoners  to  the  British  camp,  and  attempted  to  nego 
tiate  ;  Napier  demanded  an  unconditional  surrender. 

13th.  The  fortress  of  Magdala  was  carried  by  storm;  Theodorus  was  found  dead;  the 
British  took  28  large  guns  and  10,000  small  arms. 

1 7th.    Magdala  was  burned  down  by  order  of  Gen.  Napier. 

18th.    The  British  army  began  its  march  from  Abyssinia. 

28th.    Civil  war  and  anarchy  reigned  all  over  the  territory.— Severe  fights. 

September.    Prince  Gobazie  was  crowned  Emperor  at  Gondar. 

CHINA. 

January  llth.  The  Imperial  troops  gained  several  victories  over  the  rebels.  Explosion 
of  the  arsenal  atWinchung;  1,000  persons  supposed  to  have  been  killed  or  wounded. — The 
Government  appointed  Anson  Burlingame,  formerly  U.  S.  Minister  in  Pekin,  its  special  envoy 
to  all  the  treaty  powers,  at  a  salary  of  $40,000. 


772  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18C9. 

15th.  Envoy  Burlingame  and  suite,  while  en  route  from  Pekin  to  Shanghai,  were  beset  by 
robbers  who  were  dispersed  by  the  aid  of  British  marines  and  Cossack  troops. — Shocks  of 
earthquake  at  Shanghai  and  Ningpo. 

May.  The  rebels  of  the  North  menaced  Pekiu  seriously .— The  rebels  were  defeated  on  the 
Peiho,  but  still  threatened  Tientsin. 

June.  The  rebels  retired  from  Tientsin ;  they  left  the  Peiho  river  and  marched  off  in  a 
southerly  direction. 

October.    The  rebels  threatened  Ningpo. 

November.  The  English  fleet  appeared  before  Nankin  and  obtained  full  reparation  for  in 
sults  to  Missionaries  at  Hong  Chow. 

December.    English  Missionaries  discovered  evidences  of  great  mineral  wealth. 

JAPAN. 

January  1st.  The  ports  of  Hiogo  and  Osaka  were  definitely  opened  to  foreign  commerce. 
— The  Tycoon  demanded  a  revision  of  the  Constitution. — The  most  powerful  princes  of  Japan 
recognized  the  Micado  as  the  only  and  supreme  Sovereign. 

llth.  Admiral  Bell,  Flag-Lieutenant  Reed  and  ten  seamen  of  the  Flagship  Hartford  were 
drowned  while  crossing  Osaka  bar.— The  Tycoon  collected  forces  to  regain  his  lost  influence. 

19th.  Severe  fighting  at  Yeddo  between  the  Tycoon  and  Mikado's  armies.— Naval  engage 
ment  near  Yokohama. 

26th.  Fights  near  Osaka  between  the  troops  of  the  Tycoon  and  those  of  the  Daimios  in 
favor  of  the  Mikado ;  the  Tycoon  was  defeated  and  fled  to  Yeddo. 

March.    Order  was  restored. — Dissolution  of  the  Gorodjo  (Council  of  the  State). 

April  27th.    Yokohama  in  possession  of  foreign  troops  and  peaceful. 

May  12th.  The  Mikado  appeared  with  his  army  before  Yeddo  and  threatened  the  city ;  the 
Tycoon  offered  to  retire  and  to  disband  his  army  if  the  place  was  spared. — Yeddo  was  surren 
dered  to  the  Mikado. — The  officers  in  command  refused  to  surrender  the  fleet  and  left  Yeddo 
with  the  ships. 

17th.  The  Daimia  Aidsen  beat  the  troops  of  the  Mikado.— The  civil  war  was  in  fierce 
progress. 

June  3Oth.  The  foreign  Ministers  issued  a  united  protest  against  the  Mikado's  persecu 
tion  of  native  Christians. 

July  5th.  One-half  of  Yeddo  destroyed  by  fire. — Yeddo  and  Yokohama  again  under  Stots- 
bashi's  control. — A  compromise  was  effected  between  the  Daimios  of  the  North  and  of  the 
South. 

October.  Yeddo  still  remained  closed. — Negate  and  Hakodadi  were  seized  by  the  Southern 
troops.— The  Government  of  Mikado  appointed  H.  W.  Grinnell,  of  New  York,  to  the  position 
of  Inspector-General  of  the  Japanese  Navy. 

November.  Seven  war  ships  appeared  in  the  inland  sea  and  destroyed  many  castles  and 
some  towns.— The  Mikado,  having  reached  his  majority,  was  crowned  Emperor  at  Kioto;  he 
established  his  residence  at  Yeddo  and  was  enthusiastically  greeted. 

December.  Prince  Aidsen,  the  most  powerful  of  the  Northern  Daimios,  surrendered.— 
Stotsbashi,  the  Ex-Tycoon,  was  invited  to  retum  to  Yeddo  and  take  part  in  the  reconstruction 
of  the  Government.— The  civil  war  at  an  end. 

SANDWICH  ISLANDS. 

April  17th.    Eruption  of  the  volcano  MaunaLoa;  frequent  earthquakes  since  March  29th ; 
great  destruction  of  property  and  loss  of  about  100  lives ;  a  tidal  wave. 
June.    The  Assembly  agreed  to  the  subsidy  of  $25,000  to  a  line  of  steamers  to  San  Francisco. 
July.    Arrival  of  the  first  cargo  of  Japanese  emigrants. 


OBITUARIES,  1868. 


Abbott,  Amos,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Massachusetts,  born  at  Andover,  in  that  State, 
September  10, 1786,  and  died  November  2,  aged  82  years.  Mr.  Abbott  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  afterward  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  in  which  he  was  very  successful.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1835  and  1836,  and  again  in  1842,  and  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1849. 

Adler,  George  J.,  a  German-American  scholar  and  teacher,  born  at  Leipsic,  in  1821,  and 
died  at  the  Bloomingdale  Insane  Asylum,  near  New  York  city,  August  24,  aged  47  years.  He 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1833.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  New  York,  where 
he  graduated  in  1844,  and  held  the  Professorship  of  the  German  language  from  1846  to  1854. 
He  was  author  of  a  number  of  educational  works,  his  ''Dictionary  of  the  German  and  English 
Languages,"  published  in  1859,  being  his  best  known  work,  and  a  standard  authority.  In  1861, 
his  mind  became  impaired,  and  he  spent  much  of  the  latter  part  of  his  life  at  the  Bloomingdale 
Asylum,  but  continued  his  studies  until  his  death.  He  translated  Goethe's  "Iphigenia  in 
Tauris"  into  English,  and  some  of  his  works  were  translated  into  French. 

Allen,  William,  D.  D.,  an  American  scholar,  born  at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  January  2, 1784,  and 
died  at  Northampton,  July  16,  aged  84  years.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in  1802.  In 
1817,  he  became  President  of  Dartmouth,  and  of  Bowdoin  College  in  1820,  holding  the  latter 
position  until  1839.  Dr.  Allen  was  author  of  a  "Biographical  Dictionary  of  Americans." 

Andrea,  Jerome  de,  a  Roman  Catholic  Cardinal,  born  at  Naples,  April  12, 1812,  and  died  at 
Rome,  May  15,  aged  56  years.  He  was  descended  from  a  patrician  but  not  wealthy  family  of 
Aquila,  and  his  father  was  Minister  of  Finance  under  Ferdinand  II.  Educated  for  the  Church, 
his  progress  was  rapid  and  brilliant,  and  he  became  Archbishop  of  Mitylene,  in  parlibus,  com 
mendatory  abbot  of  Subiaco,  and  was  made  a  cardinal  in  1852.  In  1853,  on  the  occasion  of  the 
dispute  relating  to  the  use  of  the  Pagan  classics  in  schools,  he  took  part  with  M.  Venillot,  of 
the  Univers,  against  their  use.  In  1859,  he  was  supposed  to  sympathize  with  the  movement  for 
Italian  unity,  and  to  favor  many  reforms  in  the  Church.  He  refused,  however,  to  support  the 
attempt  to  establish  a  free  Italian  church.  On  account  of  his  liberal  views  the  Pope  publicly 
censured  him,  and  suspended  him  from  his  functions  as  bishop.  He  was  summoned  at  the 
same  time  from  Naples  to  Rome,  but  at  first  refused  compliance,  though  he  at  length  reluctantly 
obeyed,  and  some  time  afterward  was  induced  to  sign  a  recantation. 

Andrews,  Timothy  P.,  an  officer  in  the  U.  S.  army,  died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  March  11. 
During  the  Mexican  war,  he  was  Colonel  of  the  regiment  of  Voltigeurs,  and  was  breveted  Brig 
adier  General  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Cherubusco.  He  was  first  appointed  a  pay 
master  in  1822,  and  after  the  war  with  Mexico  he  again  held  that  position.  In  1851  he  was 
appointed  Deputy  Paymaster  General,  and  Paymaster  General  in  1863.  In  November,  1864,  he 
was  placed  upon  the  retired  list. 

Asboth,  Alexander,  an  American  General,  born  in  Hungary,  December  18, 1811,  and  died 
at  Buenos  Ayres,  January  21,  aged  57  years.  He  was  educated  at  Oedenburg,  served  for  some 
time  in  an  Austrian  regiment,  and  subsequently  pursued  a  course  of  legal  studies  at  Presburg. 
In  the  Hungarian  struggle  of  1848-9,  he  attached  himself  to  the  Revolutionary  party,  and  rose 
to  the  position  of  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army.  He  went  with  Kossuth  to  Turkey,  shared  the 
imprisonment  of  his  chief  at  Kutaieh,  and  accompanied  him  to  the  United  States,  in  1851.  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  in  1861,  he  offered  his  services  to  the  government,  and  in  July, 
became  chief  of  staff  to  Major-General  Fremont.  He  was  appointed  a  Brigadier  General  in 
September,  1861,  and  had  command  of  a  division  in  Fremont's  western  campaign.  His  division 
formed  the  rear  guard  in  the  famous  retreat  to  Rolla.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  winter 
campaign  into  Arkansas,  projected  by  Major-General  Curtis,  and  was  prominent  in  the  three 
days'  battle  at  Pea  Ridge,  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  He  was  transferred  to  the  army  of 
the  Mississippi  in  1862,  and  after  holding  some'other  military  appointments,  commanded  in 
Florida,  where  he  was  severely  wounded,  September  27, 1864.  He  left  the  service  in  August, 
1865,  and  was  appointed  by  President  Johnson,  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  Buenos  Ayres. 

Baker,  Lafayette  C.,  a  Brigadier-General  of  volunteers  by  brevet,  and  chief  of  the  United 
States  Detective  Service,  during  the  civil  war,  born  at  Stafford,  N.  Y.,  in  1824,  and  died  at  Phila 
delphia,  July  3,  aged  43  years.  In  1867,  Gen.  Baker  published  a  work,  in  which  he  detailed 

773 


774  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

much  secret  history  relating  to  the  war;  but  many  of  his  facts  were  controverted,  especially  by 
the  friends  of  President  Johnson,  whom  he  charged  with  being  privy  to  a  pardon  brokerage 
business,  alleged  to  have  been  carried  on  at  Washington,  in  1805. 

Baraga,  Frederick,  D.  D.,  Roman  Catholic  Bishop,  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  born  at  Dobernich, 
in  Austria,  in  1797,  and  died  at  Marquettc,  Wisconsin,  January  20,  aged  70  years.  He  settled  at 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  before  1838,  and  was  made  bishop,  November  1,  1853. 

Baugher,  Henry  L.,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  bom  at  Ab- 
bottstown,  Perm.,  about  1803,  and  died  at  Gettysburg,  April  14,  aged  G5  years.  He  was  educated 
at  Dickinson  College,  and  studied  theology  at  Princeton,  and  at  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Gettysburg.  Mr.  Baugher  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Maryland  Synod,  and  was  first  pastor 
of  the  Lutheran  church  at  Boonsboro1,  McL,  and  afterward,  in  1830,  he  was  called  to  Gettysburg. 
In  1832,  he  became  professor  of  the  Greek  language  and  Belles  Lettres,  in  Pennsylvania  College, 
and  in  1850,  he  was  elected  President  of  the  college,  a  position  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  for  many  years  pastor  of  the  college  church,  and  besides  his  sermons,  wrote  much  for 
the  Evangelical  Review,  and  other  church  periodicals. 

Baxter,  Portus,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Vermont,  born  at  Browning-ton,  Orleans 
county,  in  that  State,  and  died  at  Washington,  March  4.  He  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  Third  Vermont  District,  and  served  from  1861  to  1867.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Philadelphia  "Loyalists'"  Convention,  in  1866,  and  was  a  Presidential  elector  in  1852 and 
1856. 

Bayard,  Richard  H.,  an  American  statesman,  born  at  Wilmington,  Delaware,  in  1796,  and 
died  in  Philadelphia,  March  4,  aged  72  years.  He  was  educated  at  Princeton  college,  where  he 
graduated  in  1814,  and  afterward  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  Delaware  from  1836  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1845.  In  1850  Mr.  Bayard  was 
appointed  Charge  d'Afl'aires  to  Brussels.  He  was  the  son  of  the  elder  and  brother  of  the 
younger  James  A.  Bayard. 

Beach,  Moses  Yale,  an  American  journalist,  for  many  years  the  proprietor  of  the  New  York 
Sun,  was  born  at  Wallingford,  Conn.,  January  7,  1800,  and  died  July  19,  aged  68  years.  When 
14  years  of  age,  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  cabinet  maker,  at  Hartford,  and  pursued  his  calling  in 
Northampton  and  Springfield,  but  without  much  success,  owing  to  a  tendency  to  indulge  in  the 
experiments  of  an  inventor.  Among  his  designs  was  a  gun-powder  engine  for  propelling  bal 
loons  ;  but  his  experiments  proving  unsuccessful,  he  then  endeavored  to  open  steam  navigation 
on  the  Connecticut  river,  between  Hartford  and  Springfield.  He  afterward  removed  to  Ulster 
County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  engaged  for  seven  years  in  the  manufacture  of  paper.  In  1835,  he 
went  with  his  family  to  New  York,  where  he  purchased  an  interest  in  The  Sun  newspaper,  and 
in  a  short  time  became  its  sole  proprietor.  In  this  enterprise  he  was  very  successful,  but  retired 
about  1857.  He  also  amassed  considerable  money  by  banking,  and  other  financial  operations. 
President  Polk  sent  Mr.  Beach  to  Mexico,  during  the  war  with  that  country,  to  arrange  a  treaty 
of  peace ;  but  owing  to  a  false  report  that  Santa  Anna  had  annihilated  Gen.  Taylor's  army,  the 
negotiations  were  broken  off.  For  several  years  previous  to  his  death  he  resided  in  his  native 
town,  where  he  died  of  paralysis. 

Beach,  Wooster,  M.  D.,  an  eminent  American  physician,  died  in  New  York  city,  Jan.  28. 
He  was  the  founder  of  a  new  system  of  medicine  known  as  the  Eclectic  Medical  System.  Dr. 
Beach  practiced  his  profession  for  over  forty-five  years,  and  was  so  ardent  in  contending  against 
eome  of  the  principles  of  the  Allopathic  school  of  medicine,  that  he  established  an  institution 
for  the  dissemination  of  his  own  views,  and  graduated  many  students.  He  was  the  author  of  a 
number  of  medical  works,  and  at  one  time  published  The  Telescope,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and 
The  Evening  Journal,  a  daily,  both  of  which  were  popular  in  their  day. 

Beall,  S.  W.j  formerly  Lieutenant-Governor,  and  acting  Governor  of  Wisconsin,  was  killed 
in  a  rencontre  at  Helena,  Montana,  September  26.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  Lieuten 
ant-Colonel  of  Volunteers.  He  was  65  years  of  age,  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Beecher,  Lieut.  Frederick,  a  gallant  officer  of  the  late  war,  nephew  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Ward  Beecher,  killed  by  the  Indians,  on  the  Upper  Republican  river,  Kansas,  September  23. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  Lieut.  Beecher  was  28  years  old. 

Bell,  Henry  H.,  Rear-Admiral  U.  S.  N.,  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  and  accidentally 
drowned,  together  with  a  whole  boat's  crew,  while  crossing  the  bar  at  Osaka,  Japan,  January 
11.  He  was  appointed  to  the  navy,  Aug.  4,  1823.  At  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  he  was  fleet- 
captain  under  Farragut,  and  in  1862  and  1863,  he  commanded  the  West  Gulf  Blockading  Squad 
ron.  In  1866,  Admiral  Bell  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  Asiatic  Squadron.  His  re 
mains  were  brought  home  din-ing  the  spring  and  summer,  and  interred  in  the  cemetery  at  New- 
burgh,  N.  Y. 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  775 

Bell,  Samuel  Dana,  an  eminent  American  jurist,  born  at  Francestown,  New  Hampshire, 
October  9, 1798,  and  died  at  Manchester,  July  31,  aged  70  years.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege,  in  1810,  and  afterward  adopted  the  law  as  a  profession.  In  1849,  he  was  appointed  justice 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  New  Hampshire,  and  on  the  reorganization  of  the  Supreme  Court,  in 
1855,  he  was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  Chief  Justice  in  1859.  He  resigned 
in  1864.  He  assisted  in  the  revision  of  the  statutes  of  the  State  in  1830, 1842  and  1867.  His 
father  was  the  Hon.  Samuel  Bell,  a  distinguished  American  statesman. 

Berryer,  Antoine  Pierre,  a  French  lawyer  and  statesman,  born  in  Paris,  January  4, 1790, 
where  he  died  November  28,  aged  78  years.  His  father  was  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  M. 
Berryer  was  educated  for  the  same  profession.  He  was  a  Royalist,  and  pronounced  against  the 
first  Napoleon  before  the  victory  of  the  allies,  for  which  his  arrest  was  ordered ;  but  he  managed  to 
escape,  and  during  the  Hundred  Days  was  a  Royalist  Volunteer.  He  saw  with  disgust,  how 
ever,  the  action  of  the  extreme  Royalists  in  1815-16  in  seeking  out  victims  from  the  chiefs  of  the 
First  Empire,  and  was  counsel  for  some  of  the  most  distinguished  of  these.  He  was  associated 
with  his  father  and  M.  Duprie  in  the  unsuccessful  defence  of  Marshal  Ney,  and  he  conducted 
the  defence  of  Gen.  Cambronne,  securing  the  acquittal  of  his  client.  M.  Berryer  was  con 
cerned  in  the  State  trials  which  followed  after  the  successive  Revolutions,  defending  Lamen- 
nais  under  the  Bourbons,  Chateaubriand  under  the  Orleans  monarchy,  and  Montalembert  un 
der  the  new  Empire.  One  of  his  most  remarkable  cases  was  the  defence  of  Prince  Louis  Na 
poleon  Bonaparte,  for  the  part  he  took  in  the  Boulogne  affair  of  1840.  In  1830  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  from  the  department  of  Haute  Loire,  and  though  a  legiti 
mist,  took  the  oath  to  the  Revolutionary  Government  after  the  July  Revolution.  When  the 
Duchess  of  Berry  projected  her  attempt  at  a  rising  in  La  Vendee,  M.  Berryer  was  sent  by  the 
more  prudent  legitimists  to  persuade  her  from  it.  but  he  was  himself  arrested  as  one  of  her 
supporters.  In  his  trial,  which  took  place  at  Blois,  he  completely  established  his  innocence. 
M.  Berryer  visited  the  titular  Heniy  V.,  better  known  as  the  Comte  de  Chambord,  when  the 
illustrious  exile  was  in  London,  for  which  he  was  censured  by  the  Chamber  of  Deputies.  After 
the  revolution  of  1848,  he  submitted  to  be  elected  a  member  of  the  National  Assembly  from  the 
department  of  the  Bouchcs-du-Rhone.  M.  Berryer  belonged  to  the  reactionary  party,  but  he 
early  understood  the  designs  of  the  Prince  President,  and  endeavored  to  thwart  them  and  pre 
vent  the  coup  d'etat  of  1851.  After  the  establishment  of  the  Second  Empire,  he  took  but  little 
part  in  public  affairs  beyond  seeking  to  promote  the  proposed  fusion  of  the  two  branches  of  the 
Bourbon  family.  In  1852  he  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  French  Advocates  by  being  elected 
Batonnier  of  the  Faculty,  and  in  1854,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  French  Academy.  On 
receiving  the  latter  honor  he  expressly  desired  that  he  might  be  excused  from  the  duty  of  visit 
ing  the  head  of  the  government,  and  his  request  was  granted.  The  last  great  political  cause  in 
which  M.  Berryer  took  part,  was  the  trial  of  the  persons  charged  with  violating  the  law  of  asso 
ciation.  As  an  orator.  M.  Berryer  was  held  to  be  the  first  after  Mirabeau,  and  he  was  the  ablest 
as  well  as  the  most  distinguished  French  lawyer  of  his  day. 

Blakeney,  Sir  Edward,  Field  Marshal,  born  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  in  1778,  and  died 
August  2.  aged  90  years.  He  entered  the  army  as  a  cornet  in  1794,  and  saw  service  in  the  West 
Indies  and  in  Holland ;  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Copenhagen  in  1807,  New  Orleans  in  1814, 
and  Waterloo  in  1815;  served  throughout  the  Peninsular  War,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Albuera  and  the  assault  of  Badajos,  and  led  the  First  Brigade  in  General  Sir  William 
Clinton's  expedition  to  Portugal  in  1826.  From  1832  to  1855,  he  commanded  the  forces  in  Ire 
land.  He  was  appointed  Governor  of  Chelsea  Hospital  in  1856,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  Colonel  of  the  1st  Regiment  of  Foot,  and  of  the  Prince  Consort's  own  Rifle  Brigade. 

Boyd,  John  H.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York  from  1851  to  1853,  born  in  that  State 
and  died  at  Whitehall,  July  2.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Assembly  from  Washington 
county  in  1840. 

Bradbury,  William  B.,  an  American  musical  composer,  born  at  York,  Maine,  in  1816,  and 
died  at  Montclair,  N.  J.,  January  7,  aged  52  years.  Mr.  Bradbury  early  manifested  a  taste  for 
music,  and  became  well  known  as  a  musician  and  a  teacher  of  his  art.  He  afterward  studied  in 
Germany  under  the  best  masters,  but  he  had  before  this  devoted  himself  to  composition,  pro 
ducing  many  well-known  melodies  and  some  popular  hand-books  of  music.  He  had  a  host  of 
admirers  and  some  enemies,  both  the  result  of  the  popular  character  of  the  airs  and  tunes  of 
which  he  was  the  author. 

Brewster.  Sir  David,  an  English  philosopher,  born  at  Jedburg,  December  11,  1781,  and 
died  in  Edinburgh,  February  10,  aged  86  years.  He  was  educated  for  the  Church  of  Scotland 
of  which  he  became  a  licentiate.  In  the  year  1800,  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  M.  A. 
from  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  in  1807,  LL.  D.  from  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  and 


776  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

subsequently  tht,  degrees  of  A.  M.  from  Cambridge  and  D.  C.  L.  from  Oxford  and  Durham. 
While  studying  at  Edinburgh  he  enjoyed  the  friendship  of  Robison,  Playfair  and  Dugald  Stew 
art.  In  1808,  he  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  and  the  same  year 
undertook  the  editorship  of  the  "Edinburgh  Encyclopedia,"  which  was  not  finished  until  1830. 
Dr.  Brewster  published  his  "Treatise  on  new  Philosophical  Instruments"  in  1813.  About  this 
time  his  studies  were  mostly  upon  the  subject  of  optics,  and  he  became  distinguished  for  his 
discoveries  respecting  the  polarization  of  light  and  the  invention  of  the  Kaleidoscope,  in  1816. 
In  that  year  the  Institute  of  France  adjudged  him  one-half  of  the  prize  of  3,000  francs  offered 
for  the  most  important  discoveries  in  any  branch  of  science  made  during  the  two  preceding 
years.  He  was  also  inventor  of  the  lenticular  stereoscope  now  in  universal  use.  He  wrote 
treatises  on  the  kaleidoscope,  the  stereoscope,  on  optics,  and  on  natural  magic  besides  other 
wojks  and  contributions  to  nearly  all  the  Quarterlies.  One  of  his  best  known  works  is  his  life 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  In  1819,  in  conjunction  with  Prof.  Jameson,  he  established  the  "Edin 
burgh  Philosophical  Journal,"  and  afterward  the  "Edinburgh  Journal  of  Science.''  lie  is  en 
titled  to  the  credit  of  the  establishment  of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  the  scientific  meeting  at  York  in  ia31,  from  which  that  institution  dates  its  history, 
being  held  at  his  suggestion.  He  was  a  member  of  nearly  all  the  Royal  Academies  of  Europe, 
and  there  is  scarcely  a  learned  body  in  the  world  from  which  he  did  not  receive  some  recogni 
tion.  Dr.  Brewster  was  knighted  in  1832  by  King  William  IV.,  and  among  the  last  distinctions 
to  be  conferred  upon  him  was  the  decoration  of  an  Officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  by  the  Em 
peror  Napoleon,  in  1855.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Macpherson,  the  author  of  Ossian,  In  1810 ; 
became  a  widower  in  1850,  but  married  again  in  1857. 

Brooke,  Sir  James,  K.  C.  B.,  Rajah  of  Sarawak,  born  at  Bath  in  1803,  and  died  June  11, 
aged  65  years.  He  was  the  son  of  a  gentleman  for  many  years  connected  with  East  India  Com 
pany's  service,  and  after  receiving  his  education  at  the  Norwich  Grammar  School,  he  obtained 
a  commission  in  the  Indian  army.  He  saw  service  in  the  Burmese  war,  but  was  compelled  to 
leave  the  army  on  account  of  his  health.  While  cruising  through  the  Eastern  Archipelago  he 
was  attracted  to  Borneo,  where  he  undertook,  at  his  own  cost,  an  expedition  to  suppress  an 
insurrection  which  had  broken  out  against  the  native  ruler.  He  was  soon  after  appointed 
Rajah.  In  1847,  when  the  British  took  possession  of  the  island  of  Labuan,  he  was  appointed 
Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief,  and  created  a  K.  C.  B.  He  returned  to  England  in  1856  in 
impaired  health,  and,  after  a  short  visit  to  Borneo,  settled  down  at  Dartmoor  to  spend  his 
last  days. 

Brougham,  Henry,  Lord  Brougham  and  Vaux,  a  distinguished  English  statesman,  born  in 
Edinburgh,  September  19,  1779,  and  died  at  his  villa  near  Cannes,  France,  May  9,  aged  89  years. 
He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and  first  distinguished  himself  by  a  paper  on 
the  refraction  and  reflection  of  light,  printed  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  for  1798. 
This  was  followed  by  other  papers  on  the  same  subject,  and  in  1803  he  published  his  "Inquiry 
into  the  Colonial  Policy  of  the  European  Powers,"  a  work  of  considerable  talent,  for  which  he 
was  much  praised.  He  had  previously  assisted  in  establishing  the  Edinburgh  Iteiiew,  to  which 
he  was  a  frequent  contributor  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  was  admitted  an  advocate  at  the 
Scottish  bar  in  1800,  but  took  up  his  residence  in  London  in  1804.  In  1808  he  was  called  to  the 
bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  commenced  practice  as  a  barrister  in  the  King's  Bench.  Mr.  Broug 
ham  gained  considerable  reputation  as  an  advocate ;  among  the  most  notable  of  his  early  cases 
was  his  defence  of  Leigh  Hunt,  editor  of  the  Examiner,  who  was  acquitted  upon  a  prosecution 
for  libel,  while  Mr.  Drokard,  proprietor  of  the  Stamford  News,  whom  he  also  defended,  was 
convicted  for  the  republication  of  the  same  article.  In  1810,  Mr.  Brougham  entered  Parliament 
for  Camelford,  a  rotten  borough  in  the  gift  of  the  late  Duke  of  Cleveland,  then  Earl  of  Darling 
ton.  He  was  out  of  Parliament  from  1812  to  1816.  when  he  was  returned  for  the  borough  of 
Winchelsea  by  the  influence  of  his  old  friend  and  patron,  and  continued  to  represent  it  until 
1830.  Early  in  that  year  he  resigned,  but  was  immediately  afterward  elected  for  Knaresborough, 
and  at  the  general  election  in  August  he  was  chosen  to  represent  the  county  of  York.  In  Par 
liament  he  favored  Roman  Catholic  Emancipation,  and  reform  in  the  government  of  India,  and 
spoke  in  condemnation  of  flogging  in  the  navy,  but  his  most  important  services  were  in  behalf 
of  popular  education,  a  subject  to  which  he  gave  his  attention  throughout  his  whole  parlia 
mentary  career.  In  1820  and  1821,  he  was  engaged  at  Westminster  Hall  as  Attorney-General  to 
Queen  Caroline,  whose  suit  against  George  IV.  he  conducted  to  a  successful  issue,  securing  her 
rights  as  a  wife  and  the  sympathy  of  the  public  toward  her  as  a  woman .  In  this  cause  he  made 
great  reputation  for  his  zeal  and  eloquence  as  an  advocate,  and  two  of  his  speeches  have  taken 
their  place  among  the  specimens  of  English  classic  oratory.  In  1825  appeared  his  "Practical  Ob- 


OBITUARIES.  777 

serrations  upon  the  Education  of  the  People,  addressed  to  the  Working  Classes  and  their  Em 
ployers,"  and  the  same  year  he  was  elected  Lord  Rector  of  Glasgow  University,  in  recognition 
of  his  services  in  behalf  of  education.  In  1827  he  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Society  for  the 
Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge,  and  was  its  first  President.  Next  to  popular  education,  no 
subject  more  enlisted  his  sympathies  or  engaged  his  attention  than  the  abolition  of  slavery  and 
the  slave  trade ;  but  he  was  from  his  first  entry  upon  public  life,  a  man  of  enlightened  philan 
thropy  and  liberal  opinions,  and  became  the  acknowledged  leader  in  all  measures  of  Parlia 
mentary  Reform.  When  Earl  Grey  assumed  the  Premiership,  upon  the  resignation  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  in  1830,  he  was  appointed  Lord  Chancellor,  and  at  the  same  time  he  was  raised  to 
the  peerage  as  Lord  Brougham  and  Vaux.  The  result  of  the  few  years  during  which  he  held  the 
Chancellorship,  he  summed  up  in  the  following  words  :  "  The  abolition  of  slavery  in  all  our  Colo 
nies  ;  the  opening  of  the  East  India  trade  and  the  destruction  of  the  Company's  monopoly ;  the 
amendment  of  the  criminal  law ;  vast  improvements  in  the  whole  municipal  jurisprudence  both 
as  regards  law  and  equity ;  the  settlement  of  the  Bank  Charter ;  the  total  reform  of  the  Scotch 
municipal  corporal  ions ;  the  entire  alteration  of  the  poor  laws;  and  an  ample  commencement 
made  in  reforming  the  Irish  Church  by  the  abolition  of  ten  bishoprics."  The  dismissal  of  the 
Whig  ministry  in  1834,  put  an  end  to  his  Chancellorship  and  his  official  life,  and  afterward  he 
occupied  an  independent  position  in  the  House  of  Lords,  criticising  the  measures  of  Whig  and 
Tory  alike,  but  paying  constant  attention  to  the  legal  business  of  the  House  as  one  of  the  "law 
Lords."  His  last  speech  in  the  House  of  Lords  was  delivered  June  17,  1858,  upon  the  suppres 
sion  of  the  slave  trade.  Lord  Brougham,  in  1848,  desired  to  be  naturalized  as  a  citizen  of  the 
French  Republic,  but  this  intention  was  not  consummated  because  the  legislative  Assembly  re 
quired  him  to  divest  himself  of  his  privileges  as  an  English  peer.  Lord  Brougham  contributed 
largely  to  modern  literature.  His  "Historical  Sketches  of  the  Statesmen  of  the  time  of  George 
III.,"  begun  in  183'),  were  finished  in  1843,  and  these  were  followed  by  his  "Men  of  Letters  and 
Science."  In  1855  he  collected  his  speeches  and  writings  in  10  volumes,  and  in  1856  his  contri 
butions  to  the  Edinburgh  Renew  were  published  in  3  volumes.  In  connection  with  E.  J.  Routh, 
Esq.,  he  published  in  1855,  "An  Analytical  View  of  Newton's Principia,"  and  he  afterward  pub 
lished  a  paper  on  the  Integral  Calculus,  and  contributed  articles  on  light  to  the  Transactions  of 
the  Institute  of  France.  He  read  a  dissertation  on  "Analytical  and  Experimental  Inquiries  on 
the  Cells  of  Bees,"  in  1858.  In  1844  he  wrote  a  novel  entitled  "  Albert  Lunel,  or  the  Chateau  of 
Lauguedoc,"  which  was  suppressed  on  the  eve  of  publication,  and  of  which  it  is  said  only  five 
copies  are  now  extant.  Lord  Brougham  married  in  1819,  and  had  one  daughter  who  died 
young.  In  1860  he  obtained  a  fresh  patent  of  peerage  with  remainder  to  his  brother  William 
Brougham  and  his  male  issue. 

Brown,  Rev.  John  Newton,  an  American  clergyman,  bom  at  New  London,  Conn.,  June 
29,  1803,  and  died  at  Philadelphia,  May  14,  aged  64  years.  Believing  himself  called  to  the  minis 
try,  he  studied  at  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and  commenced  his  minis 
try  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Soon  afterward  he  became  assistant  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gano,  then  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  Church  at  Providence,  R.  I.  In  October  1826,  he  became  pastor  at  Maiden. 
Mass.,  and  thence  removed  to  Exeter,  N.  H.  About  this  time  he  completed  the  "  Encyclopedia 
of  Religious  Knowledge,"  in  the  preparation  of  which  he  had  spent  two  years.  From  1838  to 
1845.  he  was  professor  of  Exegetical  Theology  and  Church  History  in  the  ~New  Hampton  Insti 
tution,  and  he  then  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Lexington,  Va.  In  1849  he  became 
Editorial  Secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his  death.  Dr.  Brown  was  a  man  of  large  acquirements,  and 
during  his  life  performed  a  vast  amount  of  literary  labor.  The  Baptist  Articles  of  Faith,  com 
monly  called  the  New  Hampshire  Confession,  extensively  used  by  the  Baptist  churches  as  a 
statement  of  their  belief,  were  written  by  him  while  a  pastor  in  New  Hampshire,  and  revised  in 
1852.  He  also  wrote  in  verse,  one  of  his  best  efforts  being  a  translation  of  the  Dies  free. 

Buchanan,  James,  an  American  statesman  and  fifteenth  President  of  the  United  States, 
born  in  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  April  22,  1791,  and  died  at  Wheatland,  near  Lancaster, 
June  1,  aged  77  years.  The  birth-place  of  Mr.  Buchanan  was  at  a  place  called  "Stony  Batter," 
among  what  are  known  as  the  "North  Mountains"  of  the  Kittatinny  range  of  the  Blue  Moun 
tains.  His  father  emigrated  to  this  country  from  Donegal,  Ireland,  and  his  mother,  though  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  was  also  of  Scotch-Irish  extraction.  Mr.  Buchanan  graduated  at  Dickinson 
College  in  1809  with  high  honor,  and  immediately  commenced  the  study  of  the  law,  being  admitted 
to  the  Lancaster  Bar  in  1812.  In  less  than  twenty  years  from  the  time  that  he  commenced  the 
practice,  he  had  retired  on  more  than  a  competency,  and  his  name  occurs  in  the  Reports  of 
cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  oftener  than  that  of  any  other  lawyer  of  his  time. 
At  the  age  of  23,  Mr.  Buchanan  entered  politics,  being  elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  in 


778  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18G9. 

1814.  He  was  reelected  in  1815,  and  in  1820  entered  Congress,  representing  the  district  lately 
represented  by  Thaddeus  Stevens.  He  continued  to  serve  in  that  body  until  1831,  when  he  vol 
untarily  retired,  and  soon  after  accepted  from  President  Jackson  a  mission  as  Envoy  Extraordi 
nary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  St.  Petersburg.  In  Congress  he  made  his  first  speech 
January  11, 1822,  on  a  deficiency  in  the  military  appropriation,  supporting  the  Federal  authority 
and  arguing  in  defence  of  Mr.  Crawford,  then  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  He  opposed  the  bank 
rupt  law ;  favored  a  tariff  for  revenue  with  incidental  protection  only ;  discouraged  entangling 
alliances  with  Mexico  and  the  South  American  Republics,  and  earnestly  protested  against  the 
island  of  Cuba  being  in  the  possession  of  any  European  power  except  Spain,  on  account  of  its 
strategic  importance  to  the  United  States.  During  his  last  term  in  Congress,  Mr.  Buchanan  was 
chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee.  Mr.  Buchanan  became  a  United  States  Senator  from 
Pennsylvania  in  1834.  and  he  remained  in  the  Senate  until  the  beginning  of  Mr.  Folk's  adminis 
tration  in  1845,  when  he  became  Secretary  of  State  and  afterward  retired  to  private  life.  Of  gen 
eral  political  measures,  he  favored  while  in  the  Senate  the  policy  of  Gen.  Jackson  with  regard 
to  French  indemnity ;  argued  in  favor  of  the  right  of  resident  aliens  to  the  elective  franchise  on 
the  admission  of  Arkansas  and  Michigan  ;  defended  the  preemption  rights  of  settlers  on  the 
public  lands ;  advocated  the  annexation  of  Texas  in  1845,  and  sought  as  early  as  1835-0  to  stifle 
the  slavery  agitation  in  its  infancy  by  a  resolution  that  Congress  had  no  power  to  legislate  upon 
the  subject.  During  the  administration  of  Mr.  Polk,  the  settlement  of  the  North-west  Boundary 
disputes  was  effected  mainly  through  his  instrumentality,  and  the  policy  of  Mr.  Polk  in  our 
difficulties  with  Mexico  in  1847  which  led  to  the  "Mexican  War,"  was  also  as  much  the  policy 
of  Mr.  Buchanan.  On  the  accession  of  Mr.  Pierce  to  the  Presidency  in  1853,  Mr.  Buchanan  was 
appointed  Minister  to  Great  Britain.  Mr.  Buchanan  returned  to  the  United  States  in  April  1856, 
to  become  the  candidate  of  the  democratic  party  for  the  Presidency,  and  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Cincinnati  Convention  in  June  following.  The  canvass  was  an  animated  one,  but  he  was 
elected  over  Gen.  Fremont  and  Ex-President  Fillniore  by  a  large  majority  in  the  Electoral  Col 
lege.  His  administration  was  a  remarkable  one.  Mr.  Buchanan  remained  at  Washington  until 
after  the  inauguration  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  then  retired  to  his  farm  near  Lancaster,  where  he 
lived  in  dignified  retirement  until  his  death.  Mr.  Buchanan  never  married. 

Buel,  Alexander  W.  a  member  of  Congress  from  Michigan,  born  in  Rutland  county,  Ver 
mont,  in  1813,  and  died  at  Detroit,  Michigan,  April  17,  aged  55  years.  He  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  College,  in  1830,  and  afterward  taught  school  in  Vermont  and  New  York,  while  preparing 
himself  for  the  legal  profession.  He  took  up  his  residence  in  Michigan,  in  1834.  In  1836,  he 
was  attorney  for  the  city  of  Detroit,  and  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in  1837.  He  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Wayne  County,  in  1843-44.  and  in  1847,  he  was  again  a  member  of  the 
Legislature.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1851. 

Cagger,  Peter,  an  American  politician,  born  about  the  year  1814,  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and 
accidentally  killed  while  driving  through  the  Central  Park  in  New  York  city,  July  7.  Mr.  Cag- 
ger  was  educated  at  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  and  at  the  Catholic  College  at  Montreal.  He 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession,  and  practiced  at  Albany  for  many  years  with  great  success. 
Although  a  leading  politician  in  the  state  of  New  York  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  Mr. 
Cagger  never  held  office. 

Campbell,  John  H.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  born  in  that  state  and 
died  in  Philadelphia,  January  9.  He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession.  His  service  in  Congress  was 
as  a  Representative  from  1845  to  1847. 

Campbell,  Thompson,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Illinois,  from  1851  to  1853,  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  died  at  San  Francisco,  December  7.  He  practiced  law  in  San  Francisco  for 
several  years,  and  was  Land  Commissioner  of  California,  besides  holding  the  office  of  Secretary 
of  State  of  Illinois,  from  1843  to  1846. 

Cardigan,  James  Thomas  Brudenell,  seventh  Earl  of.  born  at  Hambledon,  October  16, 
1797,  and  died  March  28,  aged  70  years.  He  served  in  the  army  for  many  years.  In  1840,  he  was 
tried  before  the  House  of  Lords  for  "felonious  shooting"  in  wounding  Capt.  Tuckett,  in  a  duel 
fought  at  Wimbledon  Common,  and  was  only  discharged  on  technical  ground.  He  was  most  dis 
tinguished  for  his  personal  gallantry  as  the  leader  of  the  famous  "six  hundred"  at  Balaklava. 

Carson,  Kit,  a  noted  American  trapper  and  pioneer,  born  in  Madison  county,  Ky.,  Decem 
ber  24,  1809,  and  died  at  Fort  Lynn,  Colorado,  May  23,  aged  58  years.  While  he  was  a  mere  in 
fant,  his  parents  emigrated  to  what  is  now  Howard  county,  Missouri,  where  he  was  apprenticed 
to  a  saddler,  at  the  age  of  15.  He  continued  at  this  occupation  for  two  years,  and  then  joined  a 
hunting  expedition  to  the  plains.  During  the  next  sixteen  years  he  led  the  adventurous  life  of 
a  trapper,  being  hunter  to  Bent's  Fort  for  eight  years  of  this  period.  At  the  expiration  of  this 
long  time  he  paid  a  short  visit  to  his  family,  and  on  his  return  to  the  plains  met  for  the  first 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  779 

time  Lieut.,  afterward  Gen.  John  C.  Fremont,  whose  guide  he  became,  contributing  in  a  great 
measure  to  the  success  of  Fremont's  Explorations.  In  1847,  Carson  was  sent  to  Washington  as 
a  bearer  of  dispatches,  and  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Rifle  Corps  of  the  United  States 
army.  He  afterward  served  the  Government  in  many  ways,  and  was  for  a  number  of  years  In 
dian  agent  in  New  Mexico.  He  was  instrumental  in  arranging  treaties  between  the  United 
States'and  the  Indians,  which  had  a  good  effect  in  preventing  the  massacres  so  common  on  the 
plains.  A  few  weeks  before  his  death  he  had  visited  Washington  with  a  deputation  of  the  red 
men,  and  after  completing  his  mission  to  the  government,  made  a  tour  of  the  principal  cities  in 
the  Northern  and  Eastern  States.  While  at  Fort  Lynn,  on  his  return,  he  ruptured  an  artery  of 
the  neck,  from  which  he  died. 

Cattermore,  George,  an  English  painter,  born  at  Dickelburgh,  in  Norfolk,  in  1800,  and 
died  in  July,  aged  68  years.  Devoting  himself  to  art,  he  became  distinguished  as  a  painter  in 
water  colors,  especially  of  historical  and  romantic  subjects.  He  was  also  eminent  in  his  repre 
sentation?  of  architectural  works.  He  was  one  of  the  English  artists  who  received  medals  at 
the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1855. 

Christy,  George,  a  delineator  of  Ethiopian  eccentricities,  whose  real  name  was  George  N. 
Harrington,  died  in  New  York  city,  May  13.  He  was  the  original  "Brudder  Bones,"  and  in  his 
lifetime  made  more  than  three  fortunes  by  his  gift  in  "  Negro  Minstrelsy.1"  He  was  very  popu 
lar  in  New  York,  for  many  years,  and  was  performing  in  Boston  the  week  preceding  his  decease. 

Clark,  Laban,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  born  at 
Havcrhill,  N.  H.,  July  19,  1778,  and  died  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  November  28,  aged  90  years.  ' 
His  parents  were  Congregationalists,  but  he  became  a  zealous  dissenter  from  the  tenets  of  Cal 
vinism,  and  through  the  influence  of  some  Methodist  pioneers,  was  in  early  life  brought  into 
connection  with  that  church.  He  commenced  the  work  of  the  itinerancy  in  1800,  and  during 
the  next  fifty  years  he  held  many  and  almost  continuous  appointments,  in  Vermont,  New  York, 
and  Connecticut.  Among  the  towns  and  cities  in  which  he  held  appointments  during  his  long 
life  of  labor,  were  Schenectady,  Troy,  Hartford,  New  Haven  and  New  York.  In  1851,  he  accepted 
the  superannuated  relation,  and  retired  from  the  active  work,  and  located  his  home  at  Middle- 
town.  Dr.  Clark  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Middletown  Wesleyan  University,  and  the 
Missionary  Society  of  his  denomination  was  organized  at  his  suggestion,  when  a  pastor  in  New 
York,  in  1819.  The  Christian  Advocate  says  of  Dr.  Clark:  "Methodism  in  theology,  and  De 
mocracy  in  politics,  were  the  most  paramount  things  to  him  in  this  world.  The  collocation,  we 
are  aware,  seems  singular  enough  in  our  day ;  but  no  person  who  knew  our  dear  old  friend  would 
admit  that  his  character  was  justly  portrayed  without  the  mention  of  this  fact." 

Cobb,  Howell,  an  American  statesman,  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Georgia,  September  5, 
1815,  and  died  in  New  York  City,  October  9,  aged  53  years.  He  graduated  at  Franklin  College, 
at  Athens,  Ga. ;  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836,  at  the  age  of  21.  The  same 
year  he  served  as  a  Presidential  elector,  and  in  the  year  following  was  elected  Solicitor  General 
of  the  Western  Circuit,  by  the  Legislature  of  Georgia.  He  held  the  office  three  years,  and  re 
tired  with  a  lucrative  practice,  to  which  he  devoted  himself  until  his  election  to  Congress,  in 
1843.  He  served  as  Representative  in  Congress  without  interruption  until  1850,  and  was  again 
elected  in  1855.  He  was  the  acknowledged  leader  of  the  House,  in  the  Thirtieth  Congress, 
gaining  this  distinction  by  his  efficient  support  of  President  Folk's  policy  in  the  war  with 
Mexico,  in  1S47.  Upon  the  assembling  of  the  Thirty-first  Congress,  he  was  elected  Speaker, 
after  an  animated  contest,  and  the  adoption  of  the  plurality  rnle,  by  which  his  election  was  se 
cured  by  a  bare  majority  of  three  over  Mr.  Winthrop,  there  being  twenty  scattering  votes.  He 
favored  the  compromise  measures  of  1850,  and  as  these  measures  gave  rise  to  opposition  in  his 
party,  from  the  extreme  Southern  rights  men,  he  accepted  the  nomination  of  the  Union  party 
for  Governor.  After  a  violent  contest,  he  was  elected  by  the  largest  majority  ever  given  to  any 
candidate  in  Georgia.  In  the  Presidential  canvass  of  1856,  he  advocated  the  election  of  Mr. 
Buchanan,  making  a  tour  of  the  Northern  States,  and  was  rewarded  for  his  services  by  a  place 
in  the  cabinet.  He  held  his  post  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  until  near  the  close  of  Mr.  Bu 
chanan's  administration,  when  he  resigned,  to  go  with  Georgia  into  Secession.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Provisional  Congress  of  the  Confederacy,  was  elected  chairman  of  that  body,  and  as 
euch  presided  at  the  organization  of  the  first  Confederate  Congress.  He  then  retired  to  private 
life,  afterward  accepting  the  positions  of  Brigadier  General  and  Major  General  in  the  Confede 
rate  army.  He  took  some  part  in  organizing  the  militia  of  Georgia,  but  did  not  gain  much 
distinction  as  one  of  the  military  leaders  of  the  Confederacy.  After  the  war,  he  was  a  violent 
opponent  of  the  Reconstruction  policy  of  Congress,  and  even  counseled  driving  Northern  em 
igrants  to  the  South  from  the  country.  He  was  in  the  North  at  the  time  of  his  death,  upon  a 
tour  of  pleasure  with  his  wife,  and  died  suddenly  of  apoplexy,  while  in  New  York. 


780  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Coles,  Ed-ward,  Governor  of  Illinois  from  1822  to  1826,  born  in  Virginia,  and  died  at  Phila 
delphia,  July  7,  aged  82  years. 

Coquerel,  Athanase,  a  French  Protestant  divine,  born  in  Paris  in  1795,  and  died  January 
12,  aged  72  years.  He  was  educated  at  Montauban,  where  he  finished  his  theological  studies  in 
181(5,  and  at  the  age  of  21  was  named  minister  of  the  Gospel.  He  resided  for  some  time 
in  Holland,  being  pastor  of  the  French  church  at  Amsterdam,  preaching  also  at  Leyden  and 
Utrecht,  but  after  an  absence  of  twelve  years  he  returned  to  France.  He  entered  the  Consistory 
in  1833,  and  exercised  his  ministry  in  Paris  until  his  death,  being  at  that  time  President  of  the 
Presbyteral  Council  of  the  Reformed  Church.  After  the  revolution  of  February,  1848,  M.  Co 
querel  was  elected  to  the  primitive  National  Assembly  from  the  department  of  the  Seine,  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Commission  to  frame  the  new  Constitution.  After  the  election 
of  President  Prince  Louis  Napoleon  Bonaparte  on  the  10th  of  December,  he  supported  the  gen 
eral  policy  of  the  new  Government,  and  voted  for  the  expedition  to  Rome  in  1849,  and  for  the 
re-establishment  of  the  temporal  power  of  the  Pope.  Notwithstanding  these  votes,  he  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and  took  his  seat  with  the  Centre,  or  party  of  order;  but 
the  coup  d'etat  of  December  2, 1851,  put  an  end  to  his  official  life.  M.  Coquerel  was  distinguished 
as  an  orator,  and  was  author  of  a  number  of  works.  He  published  volumes  of  sermons  in  1819 
and  1852,  "Le  Protestant  "  in  1831,  "UExamen"  in  1834,  and  more  recently,  an  "  Analysis  of  the 
Bible,"  "Answer  to  Renan's  Life  of  Jesus,"  and  other  works. 

Coyne,  Joseph  Stirling,  an  English  dramatist,  born  at  Birr,  in  Kings  county,  Ireland,  in 
1805,  and  died  in  London,  July  20,  aged  63  years.  He  was  the  eon  of  an  officer  in  the  Irish  Com 
missariat,  and  was  intended  for  the  legal  profession,  but  he  broke  away  from  an  irksome  and 
monotonous  stu'dy  to  devote  himself  to  literature.  He  went  to  England  in  1837  and  soon  be 
came  noted  as  a  playwright.  He  had  previously  produced  three  farces  at  the  Theater  Royal, 
Dublin,  and  he  continued  to  write  for  the  London  theaters,  especially  the  Adelphi  and  the  Hay- 
market,  for  many  years.  Mr.  Coyne's  popular  farce  "How  to  Settle  Accounts  with  your 
Laundress,"  was  translated  into  French  and  acted  upon  the  French  and  German  stage.  He  was 
for  a  number  of  years  a  dramatic  critic  and  writer  on  the  London  press,  and  together  with  Mr. 
Mark  Lemon  and  Mr.  Henry  Mayhew,  was  one  of  the  projectors  and  original  proprietors  of 
Punch.  He  was  author  of  several  works  of  fiction,  and  of  a  work  on  the  Scenery  and  Antiqui 
ties  of  Ireland.  From  1856  until  his  death,  he  was  secretary  of  the  Dramatic  Authors'  Society. 

Cranworth,  Lord,  the  Right  Hon.  Robert  Monsey  Rolfe,  born  at  Cranworth,  in  Norfolk, 
December  18,  1790,  and  died  July  27,  aged  77  years.  He  was  educated  at  Winchester  and 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge.  He  was  elected  a  fellow  of  Downing  College  in  1812,  and  in  1810 
was  called  to  the  bar.  Mr.  Rolfe  represented  Penryn  in  Parliament  in  the  Liberal  interest,  until 
his  elevation  to  the  Bench  in  1850.  In  1834  he  was  appointed  Solicitor  General,  but  resigning 
in  consequence  of  a  change  of  ministers  in  that  year,  he  was  re-appointed  in  1835,  and  held  the 
office  until  1839,  when  he  was  made  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer.  In  1850,  he  was  ap 
pointed  Vice  Chancellor  and  created  Baron  Cranworth ;  in  1851  he  was  named  one  of  the  Lords 
Justices  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  in  Chancery,  and  in  1852  was  appointed  Lord  High  Chancellor 
by  Lord  Aberdeen.  He  held  the  office  until  the  formation  of  the  Derby  ministry  in  1858,  when 
he  retired,  but  he  was  again  appointed  Lord  High  Chancellor  in  1865,  retiring  with  Lord  Rus 
sell's  administration  the  next  year.  After  his  retirement  from  office,  Lord  Cranworth  paid 
constant  attention  to  the  judicial  business  of  the  House  of  Lords  as  one  of  the  "law  peers," 
and  was  very  earnest  in  promoting  all  measures  of  social  or  legal  reform. 

Dean,  Julia,  an  American  actress,  born  in  Buffalo,  July  22, 1830,  and  died  in  New  York  city, 
March  6.  Julia  Dean  was  introduced  to  the  public  through  the  efforts  of  her  father,  an  actor  of 
repute,  and  at  once  achieved  a  good  success.  She  first  appeared  at  the  Old  Broadway  Theater 
and  at  the  Astor  Place  Opera  House  in  New  York,  in  the  character  of  Julia,  in  the  "Hunchback,1' 
but  she  achieved  her  greatest  popularity  in  the  South  and  West.  After  she  had  been  about  ten 
years  on  the  stage,  she  married  a  Mr.  Hayne  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  from  whom  she  afterward  sep 
arated  and  obtained  a  divorce  in  the  Utah  courts.  She  had  previously  lived  in  San  Francisco, 
playing  in  California,  Oregon,  Idaho,  and  Utah.  She  married  a  second  time  in  1866,  but  was 
scarcely  known  by  her  husband's  name  of  Cooper,  and  retained  her  own  name  in  the  announce 
ments  for  the  one  or  two  engagements  she  played  after  her  return  to  the  Atlantic  coast.  Mrs. 
Cooper  left  three  children  by  her  first  marriage. 

Duffield,  George,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman,  born  at  the  village  of  Strasburg,  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania,  July  4,  1794,  and  died  at  Detroit,  June  26,  aged  74  years.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1615,  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Presbytery 
of  Philadelphia.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  active  work  of  the  ministry  in  the  Presbyterian 
church,  and  was  one  of  the  most  active  in  founding  the  branch  known  as  "New  School."  From 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  781 

1S37  to  1838  he  was  pastor  of  the  Broadway  Tabernacle  church  in  New  York,  having  previously 
preached  in  Philadelphia,  but  in  the  latter  year  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Detroit,  where  he  continued  until  his  death.  In  1849,  during  the  cholera  season,  he 
was  prostrated  by  disease,  and  the  malady  taking  a  chronic  form,  he  spent  a  year  abroad  at  the 
desire  of  his  people,  returning  completely  restored  to  health.  Dr.  Duffield  married,  in  1819, 
Isabella  Grahame  Bethune,  sister  of  the  late  Dr.  Bethune,  and  was  the  father  of  eleven  sons, 
only  five  of  whom  survived  him. 

Elliott,  Charles  Loring,  a  distinguished  American  portrait  painter,  born  at  Scipio,  N.  Y., 
in  1812,  and  died  at  Albany,  August  24,  aged  50  years.  His  youth  was  mostly  spent  at  Syracuse, 
where  he  was  placed  in  a  store,  but  owing  to  the  boy's  distaste  for  mercantile  pursuits,  an  attempt 
was  made  to  educate  him  in  his  father's  profession  of  architect.  To  this  calling  he  also  proved 
averse,  and  sometime  afterwards  became  a  pupil  of  Trumbull  and  Quidor  in  New  York  city.  He 
did  not  take  up  his  residence  permanently  in  that  city  until  after  he  had  made  a  reputation  as  a 
portrait  painter,  having  resided  in  the  western  part  of  the  State  for  about  ten  years  after  finishing 
his  professional  education.  He  first  attracted  notice  by  some  creditable  illustrations  in  oil  of 
scenes  in  the  works  of  Irving  and  Spaulding.  As  a  portrait  painter  he  won  a  very  marked  suc 
cess,  and  acquired  an  independent  fortune.  His  works  were  distinguished  by  fidelity  to  the 
originals,  and  a  vigorous  coloring  that  placed  them  far  above  the  mere  mechanical  execution 
of  his  art.  Of  late  years,  he  resided  at  Albany.  For  some  time  previous  to  his  death,  he  had 
been  suffering  from  a  tumor  on  the  brain,  but  that  event  is  believed  to  have  been  superinduced 
by  excessive  labor  in  painting  as  many  as  ten  portraits  between  the  middle  of  March  and  the 
middle  of  July. 

Ellsworth,  William  W.,  ex-Governor  of  Connecticut,  born  in  Windsor  county,  November 
10,  1791,  and  died  at  Hartford,  January  15,  aged  76  years.  He  ..was  the  son  of  Oliver  Ellsworth, 
and  was  educated  at  Yale  College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1810.  He  was  afterward  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  Trinity  College,  and  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1829  to  1833.  In 
1838  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and  was  re-elected  four  years.  Gov.  Ellsworth 
was  for  many  years  a  Judge  of  the"  Supreme  Court  of  Connecticut,  and  was  well  known  for 
his  legal  attainments  and  fine  culture. 

Engle,  Frederick,  Rear  Admiral  U.  S.  N.,  born  in  Delaware,  in  1799,  and  died  at  Philadel 
phia,  February  12,  aged  68  years.  He  entered  the  naval  service  in  1814,  and  commanded  the 
Princeton  during  the  Mexican  war. 

Fessenden,  T.  A.  D.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Maine,  born  in  Portland,  January  23, 
1826,  and  died  at  Lewiston,  Me.,  September  28,  aged  42  years.  Mr.  Fessenden,  who  was  the 
brother  of  the  Hon.  William  Pitt  Fessenden,  was  educated  at  Bowdoin  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1845.  He  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  was  chosen  attorney  of  Andros- 
coggin  county  in  1861.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1860,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  in  1862,  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  C.  W.  Walton,  resigned. 

Finney,  Darwin  A.,  a  member  of  the  Fortieth  Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  born  at  Shrews 
bury,  Vt.,  in  1814,  and  died  in  Brussels,  Belgium,  August  25,  aged  54  years.  Mr.  Finney  re 
moved  to  Meadville,  Penn.,  in  1838.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly  in  1854, 
and  of  the  State  Senate  from  1857  to  1860.  In  1866,  he  was  elected  to  Congress,  but  owing  to 
ill  health,  he  was  in  his  seat  only  a  few  days  during  the  short  session  of  1867,  and  in  the  autumn 
of  that  year  he  went  abroad.  His  remains  were  brought  home  early  in  January,  1869,  and 
buried  at  Laurel  Hill  Cemetery,  near  Philadelphia. 

Force,  Peter,  an  American  journalist  and  historian,  and  a  noted  bibliophile,  born  in  New 
Jersey,  November  26, 1790,  and  died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  January  23,  aged  77  years.  In  early 
life,  Mr.  Force  became  a  printer  in  New  York,  where  he  resided  until  1815,  when  he  removed 
to  Washington.  He  began  the  publication  of  the  "National  Calendar,"  an  annual  volume  of 
statistics,  in  1820,  and  continued  it  until  1836.  From  November,  1823,  to  February,  1830,  he 
published  the  "  National  Journal,"  a  political  newspaper,  which  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  be 
ing  the  organ  of  John  Quincy  Adams1  administration.  He  was  Mayor  of  Washington  from 
1S36  to  1840.  In  1&33,  Mr.  Force  made  a  contract  with  the  United  States  Government  for  the 
publication  of  a  documentary  history  of  the  American  colonies,  of  which  9  volumes  appeared, 
under  the  title  of  u  American  Archives."  He  also  published  a  series  of  tracts  in  4  volumes,  on 
the  same  subject.  Thirty  years  were  spent  in  the  preparation  of  his  work,  and  the  collection 
of  books,  manuscripts  and  maps  that  he  gathered  during  that  time  are  unequaled  for  complete 
ness  and  value.  These  were  purchased  by  the  Government  some  time  before  the  death  of  Mr. 
Force,  and  placed  in  the  library  of  Congress. 

Ford,  Thomas  H.,  died  at  Washington,  February  29,  aged  54  years.  He  had  been  Lieuten 
ant  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  commanded  a  brigade  for  some  time  during  the  civil  war. 


783  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

Fulfori,  Francis,  D.  D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Montreal  and  Metropolitan  of  Canada,  born  in 
Sedmouth,  England,  in  the  year  1803,  and  died  at  Montreal,  September  9,  aged  65  years.  He 
was  educated  at  the  university  of  Oxford,  graduating  in  1824.  He  held  a  curacy  for  a  brief 
period,  but  in  1832,  he  was  appointed  rector  of  Trowbridge  in  Wiltshire,  and  the  same  year 
was  made  chaplain  to  the  Duchess  of  Gloucester.  In  1841,  he  was  appointed  rector  of  Croy- 
den,  Cambridgeshire,  and  the  same  year  became  minister  of  Curzon  chapel,  May  fair,  London. 
He  was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Montreal  in  1850,  an  office  which  he  held  until  his  death. 

Gannon,  Mary  (Mrs.  Stephenson),  an  American  actress,  born  in  New  York,  October  8, 1829, 
and  died  in  that  city,  February  22,  aged  38  years.  She  played  in  child  parts  at  the  Old  Bowery 
Theatre  when  only  six  years  old.  In  1849,  she  married  George  W.  Stephenson,  a  lawyer,  but 
upon  the  death  of  her  husband,  which  occurred  a  few  years  afterward,  she  returned  to  the  stage, 
assuming  her  maiden  name.  At  the  time  of  her  death  she  was  a  member  of  the  company  be 
longing  to  Wallack's  Theatre. 

Gansevoort,  Guert,  a  commodore  in  the  United  States  Navy,  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  in  1812,  and  died  at  Schenectady,  July  15,  aged  56  years.  After  being  educated  at  the 
naval  academy,  he  entered  the  service  as  a  midshipman.  He  rose  to  prominence  during  the 
Mexican  war  while  in  command  of  the  John  Adams.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  was 
chief  of  ordnance  at  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  and  subsequently  had  command  of  the  iron-clad 
Roanoke.  He  was  commissioned  a  commodore  in  I860,  and  placed  upon  the  retired  list  in  1867. 
Commodore  Gansevoort  was  45  years  in  the  naval  service,  and  spent  18  years  of  this  time  at  sea. 

Gates,  William,  Brevet  Brigadier  General,  U.  S.  A.,  born  in  New  York  City,  where  he 
died,  October  7.  He  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1806.  He  served  through  the  war  with  Great 
Britain,  and  was  in  command  of  Fort  Moultrie  during  the  nullification  troubles  in  South  Caro 
lina.  He  also  served  in  Florida  and  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  he  was  for  two  years  Governor 
of  Tampico. 

Gibbs,  Alfred,  a  Major  General  by  brevet  in  the  United  States  Army,  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  April  23, 1823,  and  died  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  December  26,  aged  45  years.  He 
entered  the  military  academy  at  West  Point  in  1842,  and  was  graduated  in  1846,  being  brevetted 
2d  Lieutenant  in  the  Mounted  Rifles.  He  served  through  the  Mexican  war,  and  was  twice 
brevetted  for  gallant  conduct.  He  afterward  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Persifer  F.  Smith,  in 
California,  and  was  serving  in  New  Mexico  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  in  that  territory,  but  was  subsequently  exchanged,  and  on  coming  North  was  given 
the  command  of  the  130th  Regiment  of  New  York  Volunteers,  and  served  with  distinction  un 
der  Gen.  Sheridan  in  the  latter  part  of  the  war.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  he  had  been  in  the 
Regular  Army  23  years,  and  held  the  rank  of  Major  and  of  a  Brevet  Major  General. 

Gillespie,  William  Mitchell,  an  American  author,  born  in  the  year  1816,  in  New  York 
City,  where  he  died  January  1.  aged  52  years.  He  was  educated  at  Columbia  College,  after 
which  he  spent  several  years  in  foreign  travel.  Returning  to  this  country  in  1845,  he  published 
a  spirited  volume  entitled  "Rome  as  seen  by  a  New  Yorker  in  1843-44. "  The  same  year  he 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering  in  Union  College,  an  office  which  he  held  until 
his  death.  Prof.  Gillespie  was  author  of  a  popular  volume  on  "Land  Surveying,"  and  of  a 
practical  manual  on  road-making,  entitled  "Roads  and  Railroads."  These  works  became 
standard  authorities.  He  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  the  philosophy  of  Augusts  Comte,  and,  in 
1857,  under  the  title  of  "Philosophy  of  Mathematics,"  he  published  an  abstract  of  Comte's 
writings. 

Gilmer,  John  A.,  an  American  statesman,  born  in  1805,  and  died  at  Greenboro\  N.  C.,  May 
21,  aged  63  years.  Mr.  Gilmer  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832.  From  1846  to  1856  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  North  Carolina,  and  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  of  the  Confederate  Congress. 

Goodrich,  Chauncey  A.,  D.  D.,  an  American  scholar,  born  in  1817,  and  died  at  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  March  27,  aged  51  years.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1837 ;  studied  theology, 
and  was  in  the  ministry  until  1856.  He  was  also  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Professor  of  the 
Pastoral  Charge  in  Yale  College.  Prof.  Goodrich  married  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Webster,  the  lexi 
cographer,  and  was  editor  of  the  more  recent  editions  of  "Webster's  Dictionary,"  previous  to 
the  last. 

Grayson,  William,  Governor  of  Maryland  from  1838  to  1841.  Mr.  Grayson  was  for  many 
years  an  active  Maryland  politician.  He  died  in  Queen  Anne's  County,  in  that  state,  July  9, 
aged  82  years. 

Granger,  Francis,  an  American  statesman,  born  at  Suffield,  Hartford  county,  Connecticut, 
in  1787,  and  died  at  his  residence  in  Canandaigua,  Ontario  county,  New  York,  August  28,  aged 
81  years.  He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1811,  and  began  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Cauandai- 


18:9.]  OBITUAKIES.  783 

gua  in  1814.  He  was  prominent  in  politics  from  1825  to  1842,  being  especially  identified  with, 
the  anti-Masonic  movement  of  that  time.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Assembly  in 
1825  and  1826,  and  again  in  1829  and  1830.  In  1828  and  1830  he  was  the  candidate  of  the  Anti- 
Masons  for  Governor,  but  was  defeated  by  Mr.  Throop,  the  democratic  candidate,  and  he  was 
again  defeated  for  the  same  office  by  William  L.  Marcy,  in  1832.  He  was  four  times  elected  to 
Congress,  the  first  time  in  1834  and  the  last  in  1840.  In  1836,  he  was  a  candidate  for  Vice-Pre- 
sident  of  the  United  States,  on  the  ticket  with  Gen.  Harrison,  and  was  Harrison's  Post  Master 
General  during  his  short  administration.  Mr.  Granger's  well-known  anti-slavery  views  at  first 
prevented  his  confirmation  by  the  Senate,  and  it  was  understood  that  he  was  to  retire  from  the 
cabinet  should  he  find  it  necessary  to  act  with  the  abolition  party.  After  his  retirement  from 
official  life,  in  1842,  he  never  held  office,  but  still  manifested  much  interest  in  public  affairs. 

Gurley,  Phineas  D.,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  died  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  September  30,  aged  52  years.  Dr.  Gurley  was  for  many  years  chaplain  of 
the  United  States  Senate,  and  pastor  of  the  New  York  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church.  The  late 
Presidents  Buchanan  and  Lincoln  both  attended  service  at  his  Church,  and  he  preached  Presi 
dent  Lincoln's  funeral  sermon.  He  was  active  in  promoting  the  union  of  the  Old  and  New 
School  Presbyterians  at  the  General  Assembly  held  at  St.  Louis  in  1866. 

Halpine,  Charles  G.,  an  American  journalist,  better  known  by  his  nom  deplume  of  "  Miles 
O'Reilly,"  born  in  county  Heath,  near  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  November,  1829,  and  died  in  New 
York  City,  August  3,  aged  39  years.  He  was  prepared  for  and  entered  Trinity  College  in  1846, 
but  the  next  year  he  married  and  came  to  Boston,  where  he  remained  for  two  years,  employed 
upon  the  journals  of  that  city.  In  1848,  he  became  French  translator  for  the  New  York  Herald, 
and  after  acting  awhile  in  that  capacity,  and  as  correspondent  for  several  New  Y^ork  journals, 
he  purchased  an  interest  in  The  Leader,  and  assisted  in  editing  that  paper  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  civil  war.  In  1S61,  he  entered  the  military  service  as  a  private  in  the  69th  New  York 
Regiment  of  three  months  troops,  but  he  was  soon  appointed  Major  and  Assistant  Adjutant 
General  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Hunter,  with  whom  he  served  in  Hissouri  and  the  Carolinas  until 
transferred  to  the  staff  of  Major  Gen.  Halleck.  While  serving  in  the  South,  he  wrote  the  let 
ters  of  "Private  Miles  O'Reilly  of  the  47th  New  York."  These  letters  were  first  written  to  a 
New  York  newspaper,  and  afterward  collected  and  published  in  a  volume.  They  were  entirely 
fictitious,  but  their  pungency  and  wit  gave  him  considerable  reputation.  Just  before  his  resig 
nation  from  the  army,  Major  Halpine  was  appointed  a  Brigadier  General  by  brevet,  and  a  Major 
in  the  regular  army.  In  1866,  he  was  elected  Register  of  the  city  of  New  York,  a  position 
worth  nearly  $50,000  a  year,  which  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Gen.  Halpine  enjoyed 
some  reputation  as  a  versifier,  and  was  the  poet  at  the  consecration  of  the  Gettysburg  National 
Cemetery  in  1864.  A  poem  published  in  The  Tribune  in  1854,  beginning  with  the  well-known 
line — "Tear  down  the  flaunting  lie,"  was  attributed  to  his  pen. 

Hampden,  Right  Rev.  Renn  Dickson,  D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  a  descendant  of  the 
celebrated  John  Hampden,  born  in  Barbadoes  in  1793,  and  died  early  in  the  year,  aged  75  years. 
He  was  educated  at  Oriel  College,  Oxford.  In  1832,  he  delivered  his  Bampton  Lectures,  upon 
which  Dr.  J.  H.  Newman  wrote  a  pamphlet  in  1836,  after  he  had  been  appointed  Regius  Profes 
sor  of  Divinity.  Dr.  Newman's  pamphlet  led  both  the  High  and  Low  Church  parties  to  attack 
Dr.  Hampden  for  heresy,  and  he  was  censured  by  the  university  convocation.  The  High  Church 
party  made  a  strong  effort  to  prevent  his  consecration  after  his  appointment  to  the  See  of  Here 
ford,  but  were  unsuccessful. 

Hartstene,  Henry,  formerly  Commander  in  the  United  States  Navy,  born  in  South  Caro 
lina  and  died  at  Paris,  March  31.  He  entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman  in  1828,  and  served  un 
til  1861,  when  he  resigned  to  enter  the  Confederate  service.  Commander  Hartstene  was  best 
known  as  the  officer  in  command  of  the  expedition  that  rescued  Dr.  Kane  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
in  1855. 

Havin,  Leonor  Joseph,  a  French  publicist,  born  at  St.  Lo  in  1799,  and  died  at  Paris  No 
vember  13,  aged  69  years.  He  shared  with  his  father,  from  1816  to  1820,  the  exile  to  which  the 
latter  had  been  condemned  as  a  proscribed  regicide,  and  upon  his  return  to  France  took  up  his 
residence  at  Caen.  A  liberal  in  politics,  he  was  chosen  in  1830  a  delegate  to  enlighten  the  pro 
visional  government  upon  the  wants  and  wishes  of  the  western  departments.  He  held  some 
local  offices  at  St.  Lo,  was  elected  a  deputy  in  1831  and  made  secretary  to  the  Chamber  in  1S39, 
but  in  1842  in  consequence  of  ministerial  influence  he  was  excluded  from  that  office.  After  the 
revolution  of  1848  he  was  chosen  to  the  Constituent  Assembly  for  La  Manche.  He  generally 
voted  with  the  Right  upon  all  social  and  political  questions.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
council  of  state  in  1849,  but  remained  for  14  years  without  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  Assembly. 
In  1863  he  was  elected  to  Corps  Legislatif  from  Paris,  but  being  at  the  same  time  a  successful 


784  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

candidate  of  the  opposition  for  La  Manche,  he  chose  to  represent  the  latter  place.  For  a  long 
time  member  of  the  departmental  council  (consul  general)  for  La  Manche,  he  was  chosen  to  the 
same  office  for  the  canton  of  Thorigny  in  1861  in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  the  government. 
After  the  death  of  M.  Perree  he  was  political  director  of  the  Siecle,  one  of  the  most  influential 
of  the  daily  newspapers  of  Paris. 

Hawks,  Right  Rev.  Cicero  S.,  D.D.,  LL.  D.,  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop  of  the  Diocese 
of  Missouri,  born  at  Newborn,  North  Carolina,  May  20,  1812,  and  died  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  April 
21,  aged  56  years.  He  was  the  brother  of  the  late  Rev.  Francis  L.  Hawks,  D.  D.,  of  New  York, 
in  whose  family  he  resided  from  a  child,  and  to  whom  he  was  indebted  for  his  education.  After 
taking  orders  he  became  in  1836  rector  of  Trinity  Church  at  Buflalo,  N.  Y.,  where  he  continued 
seven  years.  In  1843  he  became  rector  of  Christ  Church,  St.  Louis,  and  the  next  year  was 
elected  bishop  of  the  diocese.  He  exercised  the  functions  of  his  office  for  a  quarter  of  a  cen 
tury,  and  always  took  an  active  and  leading  part  in  the  questions  agitating  the  Protestant  Epis 
copal  Church,  and  in  promoting  the  work  to  which  he  was  devoted. 

Head,  Sir  Edmund  Walker,  an  English  author  and  statesman,  born  at  Maidstone,  Kent, 
in  1805,  and  died  January  28,  aged  63  years.  He  was  educated  at  Winchester  and  Oriel  College, 
Oxford,  graduating  a  first-class  in  classics  in  1827.  He  was  for  some  years  a  Fellow  of  Merton 
College,  and  from  1838  to  1847  a  commissioner  and  assistant  commissioner  of  the  Poor  Laws. 
He  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  Brunswick  in  the  latter  year,  and  held  the  posi 
tion  until  1854,  when  he  succeeded  Lord  Elgin  as  Governor-General  of  Canada.  He  resigned 
the  latter  position  in  1861.  Sir  Edmund  wrote  learnedly  on  art ;  edited  "Kugler's  Handbook  of 
Painting,11  and  contributed  a  work  on  the  "  Shall  and  Will"  controversy  in  Grammar. 

Herrick,  Anson,  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York,  born  at  Lewiston,  Maine,  January 
21,  1812,  and  died  in  New  York  city,  February  6,  aged  56  years.  He  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  then  learned  the  business  of  a  printer.  In  1836  he  settled  in  New  York  and  es 
tablished  The  Neiv  York  Atlas  newspaper  in  1838,  of  which  he  was  the  editor  and  proprietor 
until  his  death.  In  1853  he  was  chosen  an  Alderman  of  the  city,  and  held  the  office  of  naval 
store-keeper  under  President  Buchanan's  administration.  He  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  in  1862.  Mr.  Herrick  was  a  democratic  leader  in  New  York,  but  early  in  life  he  was  a 
strenuous  anti-Mason. 

Biggins,  Mathew  James,  an  English  Journalist,  better  known  by  his  pseudonym  of 
"Jacob  Omnium,"  born  in  Ireland  about  the  year  1810,  and  died  at  his  residence  in  London, 
August  19.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  and  at  New  College,  Oxford,  after  which  he  served  some 
years  as  an  officer  in  the  army.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  a  constant  contributor  to 
The  London  Times,  but  in  1863  he  withdrew  from  that  journal  and  became  one  of  the  principal 
writers  in  The  Pall  Mall  Gazette.  He  was  also  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Quarterly  and  Edin 
burgh  Reviews,  and  The  Cornhill  Magazine.  His  style  was  terse  and  vigorous,  and  he  was  a 
severe  satirist. 

Hindman,  Thomas  C.,  a  Confederate  General,  bom  in  Tennessee  in  1818,  and  was  killed  at 
Helena,  Ark.,  September  27,  aged  50  years.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  2d  Lieutenant  in 
a  Mississippi  regiment.  He  afterward  removed  to  Arkansas  and  was  a  Representative  from  that 
State  in  the  36th  and  37th  Congresses.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war  he  entered  the  Confed 
erate  service  and  was  appointed  a  Brigadier-General  and  afterward  promoted  to  be  Major-Gen- 
eral.  He  first  served  under  Buckner  in  Kentucky,  and  had  command  at  Memphis.  He  was 
charged  in  .1862  with  obtaining  $1,000,000  from  the  Memphis  banks  under  a  pretended  authority 
of  Gen.  Beaurcgard.  Hindman  was  arrested,  but  his  disgrace  did  not  continue  long,  and  he 
was  again  appointed  to  command  in  Arkansas. 

Hinds,  James,  a  member  of  the  40th  Congress  from  Arkansas,  assassinated  at  Monroe,  in 
that  State,  October  22,  at  the  age  of  35  years.  Mr.  Hinds  was  born  in  Hebron,  Washington  Co., 
N.  Y.,  December  5,  1833.  He  graduated  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  College  in  1856,  and  afterward 
pursued  his  profession  in  Minnesota.  During  the  civil  war  he  served  as  a  private  in  the  Union 
Army,  and  at  its  close  took  up  his  residence  at  Little  Rock,  Arkansas.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the  present  Constitution  of  the  State,  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  a  commissioner  to  codify  the  laws. 

Hopkins,  John  Henry,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  an  American  clergyman,  Protestant  Episcopal  Bishop 
of  Vermont,  was  born  in  Dublin  Jan.  30, 1792,  and  died  Jan.  9,  aged  76  years.  He  came  to  America 
with  his  parents  in  1800,  and  after  receiving  a  classical  education  passed  a  year  in  a  counting 
room  in  Philadelphia.  When  only  19  years  old  he  embarked  in  the  iron  manufacture  in  Western 
Pennsylvania,  but  failed  in  business  in  1817  in  consequence  of  the  depression  that  followed  the 
peace  of  1815.  He  then  read  law  and  after  six  months  study  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Pitts- 
burg.  He  practiced  for  a  few  years,  but  he  alterward  entered  the  ministry  and  became  Rector 


1869.]  OBITUAEIES.  785 

of  Trinity  Church,  Pittsburg,  in  May  1824,  at  which  time  he  was  ordained.  In  1826  he  was  cleri 
cal  deputy  to  the  general  convention  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  again  in  1829.  In  1827  he  waa 
a  candidate  for  assistant  bishop  of  Pennsylvania,  but  the  vote  between  him  and  Dr.  Onderdorik 
being  a  tie,  he  elected  the  latter  by  his  own  vote.  In  1831  Mr.  Hopkins  accepted  a  call  to  Trin 
ity  Church,  Boston,  and  became  professor  of  Systematic  Divinity  in  a  Theological  Seminary 
established  at  that  time  by  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts.  The  next  year  he  was  elected  the 
first  bishop  of  the  separate  diocese  of  Vermont,  and  accepted  besides  the  rectorship  of  St. 
Paul's  Church,  Burlington.  He  soon  began  a  boys'  school,  which  enabled  him  to  give  remunera 
tive  employment  to  a  number  of  candidates  for  orders,  but  in  erecting  the  buildings  necessary 
for  the  purposes  of  the  school,  he  involved  himself  in  debt  to  such  a  degree  as  to  require  the 
sacrifice  of  his  own  property.  He  resigned  his  rectorship  in  1856  to  devote  himself  more  exclu 
sively  to  the  affairs  of  his  diocese,  and  to  building  up  the  "Vermont  Episcopal  Institute."  Dr. 
Hopkins  was  author  of  a  number  of  works,  mostly  of  a  controversial  character,  on  theological 
subjects,  published  since  the  year  1833.  A  history  of  the  Church  in  verse  was  published  a  short 
time  before  his  death,  and  at  the  close  of  the  present  year  appeared  the  latest  work  from  his  pen, 
in  which  he  corrected  some  views  advanced  in  previous  works,  acknowledging  that  he  had  erred 
in  confounding  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  with  Antichrist.  In  the  early  partof  the  civil  war 
he  published  a  work  defending  slavery,  that  attracted  considerable  attention  because  of  the  source 
from  which  it  emanated.  Dr.  Hopkins  married  in  1816.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  pre 
siding  Bishop  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

Hughes,  Ball,  an  American  sculptor,  born  in  London  January  19, 1806,  and  died  at  Boston 
March  5,  aged  62  years.  He  was  placed  for  instruction  under  the  sculptor  Bailey,  with  whom  he 
remained  for  seven  years.  During  this  time  he  gained  a  number  of  important  prizes.  In  1829 
he  emigrated  to  New  York,  his  first  work  of  importance  in  this  country  being  the  statue  of 
Alexander  Hamilton,  for  the  Merchants'  Exchange  at  New  York,  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of 
1835.  His  most  important  work  is  his  statue  in  bronze  of  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  in  Mount  Au 
burn,  near  Boston,  a  work  that  is  crumbling  away,  owing  to  imperfect  casting.  Mr.  Hughea 
was  charged  with  using  inferior  materials  that  were  corroded  by  the  atmosphere,  but  more 
charitable  judges  attribute  the  imperfections  of  the  work  to  a  want  of  knowledge  in  this  coun 
try  at  that  time  on  the  subject  of  bronze  castings,  and  the  poor  appliances  for  producing  good 
work. 

Ing-ersoll,  Joseph  R.,  an  American  statesman,  born  in  Philadelphia  June  17, 1786,  and  died 
February  20,  aged  82  years.  He  graduated  at  Princeton,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1807. 
He  was  a  member  of  Congress  from  ia35  to  1837,  and  again  from  1841  to  1849.  From  1850  to  1853 
he  was  Minister  of  the  United  States  to  Great  Britain. 

Johnson,  Herman  M.,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
died  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  April  5.  Dr.  Johnson  was  Professor  of  Philosophy  and  English  Literature 
in  Dickinson  College  from  1850  to  1860,  and  in  the  latter  year  he  was  elected  President  of  that 
institution. 

Junkin,  George,  D.  D.,  an  American  Clergyman  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  May  20.  During  the  last  half  century  he  was  identified  with  the  most  important  move 
ments  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  especially  in  the  controversy  that  resulted  in  the  division  of 
the  Church  into  Old  School  and  New  School.  On  the  organization  of  Lafayette  College  at 
Easton,  Pa.,  Dr.  Junkin  became  its  President,  resigning  the  position  in  1841  to  become  Presi 
dent  of  the  Miami  University.  In  1844  he  again  became  President  of  Lafayette  College,  but 
resigned  in  1848  to  accept  the  Presidency  of  Washington  College  at  Lexington,  Va.  When  the 
civil  war  broke  out  Dr.  Junkin  was  still  at  Lexington,  but  he  remained  steadfast  in  his  devotion 
to  the  Union,  and  was  compelled  to  leave  the  State  as  one  of  the  many  refugees  from  Virginia 
in  the  early  days  of  the  war.  Soon  after  coming  to  the  North  Dr.  Junkin  accepted  a  Professor 
ship  at  Lafayette  College,  retaining  the  position  until  the  time  of  his  death.  The  famous  Stone 
wall  Jackson  was  his  son-in-law,  having  married  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Junkin  while  residing  at 
Lexington. 

Kean,  Charles,  an  English  actor,  born  at  Waterford,  England,  in  1811,  and  died  at  London 
January  23,  aged  57  years.  He  was  the  second  eon  of  the  celebrated  Edmund  Kean,  and  waa 
placed  by  his  father  at  Eton  until  a  change  of  fortune  made  his  removal  necessary,  and  he  then 
resolved  to  adopt  the  stage  as  a  profession.  His  first  appearance  was  at  Drury  Lane,  October 
1, 1827,  as  Young  Norval  in  Home's  tragedy  of  "  Douglass,"  but  it  was  not  particularly  success 
ful.  Neither  were  his  after  performances  much  better  received,  and  it  was  not  until  October, 
1829,  when  he  was  acting  Romeo  and  Sir  Edward  Mortimer  in  the  "Iron  Chest,"  at  the  Hay- 
market,  that  he  was  mentioned  in  terms  of  praise  in  the  London  journals.  He  had  previously 
played  in  the  provinceR,  and  in  October  1828,  while  performing  at  Glasgow,  he  had  the  satisfac- 

50 


786  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

tion  of  being  reconciled  to  his  father,  from  whom  he  had  been  estranged  owing  to  the  separa 
tion  of  Edmund  Kean  from  his  mother.  For  his  son's  benefit  Edmund  Kean  consented  to  play 
Brutus  to  Charles  Kean1s  Titus,  and  father  and  son  afterward  played  in  conjunction  at  Dublin 
and  Cork.  Charles  Kean  made  his  first  appearance  in  New  York  in  September  1830,  as  Richard 
III.,  meeting  with  a  cordial  reception,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  returning  to  England  at  the 
age  of  22  with  an  established  reputation.  But  his  success  in  London  was  still  slight,  though  at 
Dublin,  Edinburgh,  Manchester  and  other  places  he  was  received  with  marks  of  appreciation  sim 
ilar  to  those  with  which  he  had  been  greeted  in  America,  and  it  was  not  until  after  his  brilliant 
euccess  at  Covent  Garden,  where  he  appeared  as  Hamlet  on  January  8,  18:38,  that  he  became  a 
favorite  in  the  metropolis.  His  memorable  appearance  at  Covent  Garden  in  "  Othello,11  as  layo 
to  his  fathers  Moor,  Miss  Ellen  Tree  playing  Desdemona,  was  made  on  March  28, 1833,  the  fail 
ure  of  Edmund  Kean^  powers  while  performing,  and  his  subsequent  death,  making  it  one  of 
the  most  notable  events  in  dramatic  history.  During  his  first  successful  engagement  in  Lond'on, 
Charles  Kean  appeared  in  only  three  characters,  Hamlet,  Richard  III.,  and  Sir  Giles  Oven-each. 
Early  in  June  of  the  following  year  he  appeared  at  the  Haymarket  with  equal  success,  and  after 
making  a  second  visit  to  this  country,  resumed  his  place  at  that  theater  in  1840.  In  1842,  while 
playing  at  Dublin,  Mr.  Kean  married  Miss  Ellen  Tree,  and  in  1845  in  conjunction  with  his  wife, 
visited  the  United  States  for  the  third  time,  his  fourth  and  last  tour  through  this  country,  his 
wife  again  accompanying  him,  being  made  in  the  year  1865.  In  1850  he  became  manager  of  the 
Princess1  Theater,  and  during  the  next  ten  years  he  and  his  wife  were  identified  with  the  splen 
did  revival  of  Shakspearc's  historic  plays,  by  the  departure  from  conventional  precedents  and 
the  adoption  in  their  stead  of  costumes  and  scenery  true  in  the  matter  of  historical  details. 
After  1860  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kean  appeared  in  several  short  engagements  both  in  Great  Britain  and 
America. 

Kearney,  Lawrence,  a  Commodore  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  born  in  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  Nov 
ember  30, 1789,  and  died  at  that  place,  November  29,  aged  79  years.  He  entered  the  naval  service 
as  a  midshipman  in  1807,  and  in  1809  was  ordered  to  the  frigate  Constitution,  and  subsequently 
to  the  President.  In  the  war  of  1812  he  distinguished  himself,  and  was  made  a  Lieutenant. 
His  next  service  was  in.  suppressing  the  pirates  in  the  West  Indies  under  the  notorious  Gibbs, 
and  in  1825  he  was  sent  to  the  Mediterranean  in  the  sloop-of-war  Warren  to  protect  American 
commerce  from  the  Greek  pirates.  In  the  following  year  he  bombarded  Miconi,  compelling  the 
pirates  to  restore  property  belonging  to  American  merchants.  He  was  given  command  of  the 
East  India  squadron  in  1840,  and  served  zealously  until  1862,  when  he  was  placed  on  the  retired 
list.  He  was  commissioned  Commodore  in  1866. 

Kimball,  Heber  C.,  a  Mormon  Elder  and  one  of  the  three  members  of  the  Presidency  to 
whom  all  Mormondom  is  subject,  was  born  in  1801,  and  died  at  Salt  Lake  City,  June  22,  aged  67 
years.  He  was  converted  to  Mormonism  in  1832,  the  same  year  with  Brigham  Young,  at  Kirt- 
land,  Ohio,  where  Sidney  Rigdon  and  Joe  Smith  erected  a  temple  in  1836.  Kimball  and  Young 
shared  in  all  the  vicissitudes  of  fortune  of  Smith  and  Rigdon,  both  at  Kirtland  and  in  Missouri. 
Kimball  was  ordained  as  one  of  the  twelve  apostles  in  1835,  and  in  1837  he  was  sent  with  Orson 
Hyde  from  Kirtlaud,  as  a  missionary  to  England.  When  the  constitution  of  the  Mormon  Church 
was  perfected  by  the  creation  of  a  First  Presidency,  Kimball  was  associated  with  Brigham 
Young  and  Daniel  C.  Wells  in  that  office,  and  in  the  event  of  Young's  death  would  have  been 
his  successor.  Young  was  always  accustomed  to  speak  of  him  as  the  model  saint,  and  he  on 
the  other  hand  always  manifested  the  most  sycophantic  respect  for  Young.  He  was  uneducated 
and  was  described  as  a  cunning,  cruel,  and  unscrupulous  man,  coarse  and  disgusting  as  a 
speaker.  He  gloated  over  the  polygamic  feature  of  Mormonism,  and  sometimes  boasted  that 
he  had  more  wives  than  the  Prophet  himself,  but  this  was  always  discredited.  His  claims  to 
be  the  head  of  the  Mormon  Church  in  the  event  of  Brigham's  death,  were  reported  to  have  been 
eet  aside  in  favor  of  Brigham  Young,  Jr.,  with  whom  Kimball  had  recently  been  in  England 
upon  the  missionary  business  of  Mormonism. 

Krummacher,  Frederic  Wilhelm,  a  distinguished  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  Prussia,  a  strenuous  opponent  of  the  rationalistic  school  of  theology,  and  an  author  of  no 
small  reputation,  died  in  Potsdam,  December  20, 1868.  He  was  son  of  the  eminent  theologian 
and  poet,  Prof.  Frederic  Krummacher.  He  was  born  in  Duesburg  in  1790,  and  for  several 
years  previous  to  his  death  was  chaplain  of  the  Prussian  Court.  Most  of  his  numerous  works 
have  been  translated  into  English  and  published  in  this  country.  Prominent  among  these  are 
"Elijah  the  Tishbite,11  "The  Last  Days  of  Elisha,"  "Solomon  and  the  Shulamite,11  etc.  His 
last  published  work  is  "David  the  King  of  Israel.1'  In  1843,  he  was  elected  to  a  professorship 
in  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  German  Reformed  Church  at  Mercersburg,  Penn.,  which  ha 
declined  with  expressions  of  the  kindest  appreciation  of  the  honor  conferred  upon  him. 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  787 

Leeser,  Rev.  Isaac,  Rabbi  of  the  principal  Portuguese  Synagogue  in  Philadelphia,  died  in 
that  city  February  1,  aged  60  years.  He  was  born  in  Westphalia,  and  began  his  official  minis 
trations  in  Philadelphia,  in  1829.  Dr.  Leeser  was  for  a  number  of  years  editor  of  the  Occident,  a 
publication  devoted  to  the  interests  of  Judaism,  and  was  well  known  as  a  writer  on  controver 
sial  subjects,  and  a  translator  of  many  devotional  works.  He  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  and 
was  held  in  great  respect  for  his  attainments. 

Leutze,  Emmanuel,  an  American  painter,  born  in  Gmiind,  Wurtemberg,  May  24, 1816,  and 
died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  July  19,  aged 52  years.  Mr.  Leutze  emigrated  to  this  country  with  his 
parents  while  he  was  very  young,  and  his  youth  was  passed  in  Philadelphia.  He  early  showed 
much  taste  for  drawing  and  sketching  portraits,  and  in  1841  he  went  abroad  to  become  a  pupil  of 
Lessing,  director  of  the  gallery  at  Dusseldorf.  He  had  previously  made  some  reputation  by  his 
paintings  of  "Hagar  and  Ishmaelin  the  Desert,"  and  "The  Indian  Contemplating  the  Setting 
Sun."  Soon  after  becoming  a  pupil  of  Lessing,  he  painted  his  "  Columbus  before  the  Council 
of  Salamanca,"  which  was  considered  a  great  success,  and  in  1842  he  obtained  from  the  exposi 
tion  at  Brussels  a  medal  for  his  "Columbus  in  Chains."  About  the  same  time  he  finished  his  "Co 
lumbus  before  the  Queen,"  and  "  The  Reception  of  Columbus  at  Barcelona."  Mr.  Leutze  spent 
the  year  1843  at  Munich,  studying  the  works  of  Cornelius  and  Kaulbach,  and  in  1845,  having  in 
the  meantime  studied  at  Venice  and  Rome,  he  returned  to  Dusseldorf,  where  he  married.  He 
afterwards  continued  to  devote  himself  to  historical  subjects,  producing  many  well-known  and 
much-admired  pictures,  among  the  most  celebrated  of  which  in  this  country  are  his  "Washing 
ton  at  Monmouth,"  and  "Washington  Crossing  the  Delaware."  Mr.  Leutze  returned  to  this 
country  in  1859,  and  was  engaged  in  painting  historical  pictures  in  the  capitol  at  Washington. 
One  of  the  best  of  these  works  is  his  "Westward  Ho ! "  in  the  interior  of  the  south  wing.  At 
the  time  of  his  death,  his  family  were  traveling  in  Germany,  and  he  was  living  in  Washington 
with  a  young  daughter. 

Limayrac,  Paulin,  a  French  journalist  widely  known  as  a  writer  both  in  politics  and 
belles  lettres,  of  profound  analytical  power  and  great  mastery  of  language,  born  at  Caussade, 
(Tarn-et-Garonne),  France,  February  26, 1817,  and  died  at  Paris,  July  11,  aged  51  years.  He 
commenced  his  studies  at  Montauban,  and  finished  his  education  at  the  college  of  Henry  IV.  in 
Paris.  In  1840  he  began  to  write  for  the  Revue  de  Paris,  and  from  1843  to  1845  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Revue  des  Deux  Afondes,  besides  contributing  to  other  periodicals.  The  literary 
chronicle  of  the  journal  was  under  his  direction,  and  he  also  contributed  a  series  of  articles 
under  the  general  title  of  "  Simples  Essais  d'Hisloire  Litteraire,"  and  a  romance  afterward  pub 
lished  in  separate  form,  entitled  "L' 'Ombre  d'Eric."  In  1849  he  wrote  a  five-act  comedy,  "La 
Comedie  en  Espagne,"  which,  though  never  played  owing  to  political  events,  obtained  for  him 
in  1855  the  Cross  of  Commander  of  the  Order  of  Charles  III.  of  Spain.  From  1852  to  1855,  M. 
Limayrac  was  literary  editor  of  the  Presse  newspaper,  and  in  May,  1856,  he  became  one  of  the 
political  editors  of  the  Constitutionnel  He  was  also  a  writer  for  the  Patrie,  and  in  June,  1861,  he 
became  editor-in-chief  of  the  Pays,  a  position  he  left  in  October  of  the  same  year  for  the  Con 
stitutionnel.  He  was  decorated  with  the  Legion  of  Honor  in  1856,  in  1861  was  promoted  to  a 
Grand  Officer,  and  was  the  recipient  of  other  distinctions.  A  collection  of  his  literary  contri 
butions  to  the  Presse  was  made  in  1856,  under  the  title  of  "Coups  de  Plume  Sinceres. 

Lincoln,  Levi,  ex-Governor  of  Massachusetts,  born  at  Worcester,  in  that  State,  October  22, 
1782,  and  died  May  29,  aged  75  years.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1805.  In  1812,  he  was  elected  State  Senator,  and  from  1814  to  1823  he  was  a  member  of  the 
lower  house  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  of  which  he  was  Speaker  in  1822.  He  was  Lieu 
tenant  Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1823 :  in  1824  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  was  elected  Governor  of  the  State  in  1825.  He  was  re-elected  for  four  successive 
terms,  and  was  the  first  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  who  ever  exercised  the  veto  power.  From 
1834  to  1841,  he  was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed  by  Pres 
ident  Harrison  Collector  of  the  port  of  Boston,  a  position  he  held  until  1843.  In  1844  and  1845, 
he  was  again  a  State  Senator  and  President  of  the  Senate.  He  was  the  first  mayor  of  Worces 
ter,  being  elected  to  that  position  in  1848.  Mr.  Lincoln  was  a  gentleman  of  liberal  attainments 
and  fine  culture. 

Longley,  Charles  Thomas,  D.  D.,  an  English  clergyman  and  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
"  Primate  of  all  England  and  Metropolitan,"  was  bom  at  Rochester  in  the  year  1794,  and  died 
in  London  October  27,  aged  74  years.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster,  where  he  was  put 
upon  the  foundation  as  a  "  King's  scholar,"  and  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford.  He  took  his  Bache 
lor's  degree  in  Michaelmas  term,  1815,  gaining  a. first  class  in  classics,  and  then  became  a 
Tutor  and  Censor  of  his  college,  and  also  served  the  University  office  of  Proctor.  In  1823,  he 
undertook  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  parish  of  Cowley,  two  miles  from  Oxford,  and  in  1825  and 


788  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  KEGISTER.  [1869. 

1826,  acted  as  a  Public  Examiner  in  the  classical  schools.  He  quitted  Oxford  in  1827,  on  being 
presented  to  the  living  of  West  Tytherly  in  Hampshire,  but  on  the  resignation  of  the  late  Dr. 
Butler,  he  accepted  the  post  of  Head  Master  of  Harrow  School,  which  he  retained  for  seven 
years.  In  1836,  the  See  of  Ripon  was  founded  to  relieve  the  See  of  York  from  a  part  of  its  res 
ponsibilities  in  the  manufacturing  districts,  and  Dr.  Longley  was  appointed  to  the  Episcopate  by 
Lord  Melbourne.  On  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Maltby  in  1856,  he  was  appointed  by  Lord  Palmers- 
ton  to  the  Bishopric  of  Durham,  and  four  years  afterward  he  was  promoted  to  the  Archbishopric 
of  York.  Only  two  more  years  elapsed  after  his  promotion  to  the  See  of  York  until  the  Archie- 
piscopal  See  of  Canterbury  became  vacant  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Sumner,  in  1862,  when  the  choice 
of  the  Ministry  again  fell  upon  Dr.  Longley,  and  he  was  recommended  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  Canterbury,  as  the  man  best  fitted  to  fill  the  "  Metropolitan  "  throne  of  "All  England."  In 
his  Archiepiscopal  administration  there  were  but  few  salient  features,  the  most  notable  act  of 
Archbishop  Longley  being  the  calling  together  of  the  "Pan-Anglican  Synod"  at  Lambeth,  in 
1867,  to  consider  the  case  of  Dr.  Colenso,  the  bishop  of  Natal.  He  presided  over  the  delibera 
tions  of  the  Conference,  and  had  a  large  share  in  drawing  up  the  Pastoral  letter  of  the  Bishops 
to  the  Auglican  Churches.  Dr.  Longley  enjoyed  the  patronage  of  nearly  200  livings,  and  the 
value  of  his  archdiocese  was  £15,000  a  year.  He  was  left  a  widower  some  years  before  his 
death. 

Louis  I.,  Charles  Augustus,  ex-king  of  Bavaria,  born  August  25, 1786,  and  died  March  19, 
aged  82  years.  He  was  the  sou  of  Maximilian  Joseph,  king  of  Bavaria,  and  was  educated  at 
the  Universities  of  Landshut  and  Gottingen.  He  took  part  in  the  campaigns  against  Austria, 
in  1809,  and  succeeded  his  father  October  13, 1825.  The  king  had  a  strong  taste  for  the  fine  arts, 
and  managed  the  revenue  of  his  kingdom  with  the  strictest  economy,  that  he  might  be  able  to 
enrich  his  Glyptotheca,  a  magnificent  museum  of  sculpture,  that  he  built,  with  the  choicest 
works  of  art.  He  also  erected  other  public  works,  and  did  much  to  infuse  a  taste  for  art  among 
the  people.  He  was  the  author  of  four  volumes  of  "Poems,"  Gedichte,  published  in  1829,  and 
a  prose  work,  WalhallcCs  Genossen,  in  1843.  In  the  sphere  of  learning  he  was  especially  active 
in  the  encouragement  of  historical  studies.  His  administration  was  at  first  liberal,  but  the  king 
fell  under  the  control  of  the  ultramontane  clergy,  and  was  subject  to  their  influence  from  1831 
to  1847.  Popular  discontent  had  grown  strong  in  Munich,  and  the  downfall  of  the  ultramontane 
party  did  not  allay  the  excitement.  The  supposed  influence  of  the  king's  mistress,  the  well 
known  Lola  Montez,  served  rather  to  increase  it.  He  created  her  Countess  of  Landsfelt,  in 
1846,  and  conferred  many  other  favors  upon  her ;  but  the  popular  clamor,  on  her  account,  ended 
in  disturbances  at  Munich,  in  1848,  and  she  was  driven  from  the  country.  Soon  afterward 
(March  20),  the  king  himself  went  into  retirement,  in  which  he  continued  until  his  death,  hav 
ing  abdicated  in  favor  of  his  son,  Maximilian. 

Lover,  Samuel,  an  English  novelist,  born  in  Dublin.  1797,  and  died  in  London,  July  6,  aged 
71  years.  Mr.  Lover  was  the  son  of  a  member  of  the  Dublin  Stock  Exchange,  and  first  won  his 
way  to  distinction  as  an  artist.  Starting  as  a  miniature  painter,  his  portraits  attracted  so  much 
attention  as  to  procure  him  many  sitters  from  among  the  English  and  Irish  aristocracy.  In  1828 
he  was  elected  an  academician  of  the  Royal  Hibernian  Society  of  Arts,  and  was  made  secretary 
of  the  Society,  but  notwithstanding  his  success,  his  taste  for  literature  led  him  to  abandon  art. 
While  engaged  as  a  painter,  he  contributed  to  a  periodical  a  series  of  "  Legends  and  Tales,  Illus 
trative  of  Irish  Character,"  and  removed  to  London  in  1837,  where,  encouraged  by  his  success 
in  Dublin,  he  devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits.  His  "  Irish  Sketches  "  were  published  in 
that  year,  and  in  the  year  following,  his  best  known  work,  "Handy  Andy,"  appeared  in  Bentleifs 
Miscellany.  His  "  Songs  and  Ballads  "  appeared  in  ia39  ;  about  the  same  time,  he  composed  a 
number  of  operas  and  expanded  some  of  his  tales  and  sketches  into  elaborate  works  of  fiction, 
but  finding  that  his  health  was  beginning  to  suffer,  he  conceived  the  idea  in  1844  of  reciting  and 
singing  his  own  works  in  public.  These  entertainments,  which  he  called  "Irish  Evenings," 
contained  graphic  sketches  of  Irish  humor  varied  with  songs  and  music  of  his  own  composition. 
They  became  very  popular  in  London  and  the  provinces,  and  the  reputation  that  he  acquired  by 
his  recitals  induced  him  to  visit  the  United  States  and  Canada  in  1846,  where  he  was  as  success 
ful  as  at  home.  On  his  return  to  England  in  1848,  he  proceeded  to  illustrate  his  experience  in 
this  country  by  a  second  entertainment,  which  was  also  very  successful.  His  last  works  are 
"Metrical  Tales  and  Poems"  published  in  1859,  "Lyrics  of  Ireland,"  1858,  and  "Treasure  Trove," 
1844.  Since  1856,  Mr.  Lover  received  a  literary  pension  of  £100  per  annum  from  his  government. 
As  a  writer  he  was  graphic  without  being  polished,  but  his  humor  was  irresistible. 

McCall,  George  Archibald,  an  American  general,  born  in  Philadelphia,  March  16, 1802, 
and  died  at  West  Chester,  Pa.,  February  25,  aged  66  years.  He  was  graduated  at  West  Point  in 
1822,  and  served  for  a  few  years  aa  2d  Lieutenant  in  the  4th  Infantry.  In  1831,  he  was  appointed 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  789 

aid-de-camp  to  Gen.  Gaines,  and  was  Assistant  Adjutant  General  of  the  Western  Department 
until  1836,  when  he  was  promoted  to  be  captain.  He  was  recommended  for  promotion  by  Gen. 
Worth  for  gallantry  in  the  war  with  the  Florida  Indians,  and  was  promoted  to  be  Major  and 
Lieutenant  Colonel  by  brevet  for  gallantry  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma. 
In  1847,  he  was  promoted  to  be  Major  in  the  3d  Infantry,  and  while  serving  with  his  regiment 
iu  New  Mexico,  in  1850,  was  appointed  by  President  Taylor  Inspector  General  of  the  army,  with 
the  rank  of  Colonel  of  Cavalry,  He  resigned  his  commission  in  1853.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
civil  war,  in  1861,  soon  after  the  three  months  troops  had  taken  the  field,  he  was  requested  by 
Gov.  Curtin  of  Pennsylvania  to  organize  a  corps  of  15,000  men,  to  be  called  the  Pennsylvania 
Reserve  Corps.  With  these  he  took  the  field,  and  near  the  close  of  the  year  he  planned  the  bat 
tle  of  Dranesville,  the  first  success  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  continued  in  command 
of  hi*  division  throughout  the  winter  and  spring  of  1861-62,  and  though  retained  on  the  Poto 
mac  after  the  departure  of  McClellan  for  the  Peninsula,  he  joined  the  army  before  Richmond, 
June  IS,  1862,  his  division  being  attached  to  the  corps  of  Fitz  John  Porter.  On  the  26th,  he 
fought  in  the  battle  of  Mechanicsville,  in  which  the  enemy  were  repulsed,  and  in  the  battle  of 
Gaines'  Mill,  on  the  27th,  he  held  the  extreme  left  of  the  Union  line.  The  Pennsylvania  Re 
serves  suffered  more  in  these  two  days  than  any  division  in  the  army,  but  preserved  their  or 
ganization  intact,  and  gained  a  high  reputation  for  discipline  and  valor.  On  the  30th,  Gen.  Mo 
Call  fought,  with  success,  a  superior  Confederate  force  at  the  crossing  of  the  Turkey  bridge,  on 
the  New  Market  road,  while  defending  the  wagon  trains  passing  at  that  point.  After  the  battle, 
while  reconnoitering  in  the  darkness  in  front  of  his  line,  he  was  surprised  and  captured,  and  was 
held  as  a  prisoner  in  Richmond  until  exchanged  in  the  following  August.  He  suffered  'much 
during  his  confinement,  and  after  his  exchange  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Chester  county,  and, 
owing  to  his  impaired  health,  did  not  again  resume  his  command.  In  1862,  he  was  a  democratic 
candidate  for  Congress,  but  was  unsuccessful. 

McGee,  Thomas  D'Arcy,  a  Canadian  statesman,  born  at  Carlingford,  Ireland,  April  13, 
1825,  and  assassinated  at  Ottawa,  Canada,  April  7,  aged  43  years.  He  emigrated  to  Boston  in 
1842,  where  he  held  a  position  on  the  press  for  a  few  years,  but  again  returned  to  Ireland  and 
joined  the  staff  of  The  Nation  newspaper.  In  1847,  he  called  a  meeting  in  the  Rotundo,  Dub 
lin,  to  oppose  the  later  policy  of  O'Connell,  and  in  1849,  he  became  compromised  by  the  part  he 
took  in  the  Young  Ireland  emeute.  Escaping  to  the  United  States,  he  established  T fie  Ameri 
can  Celt  newspaper  at  New  York.  At  first  he  was  an  ardent  admirer  and  advocate  of  Republican 
institutions,  but  when  the  "  Know  Nothing,"  or  American  movement,  developed  itself  in  this 
country,  he  became  a  steady  royalist,  and  soon  afterward  removed  to  Montreal.  He  was  chosen 
Representative  from  Montreal  in  1857,  and  from  1864  to  1867  was  President  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  Canada.  He  was  the  chief  Canadian  commissioner  to  the  Paris  Exhibition  in  1855, 
and  to  the  Exhibition  at  Dublin  in  1864.  He  took  a  leading  part  as  a  delegate  to  all  the  confer 
ences  to  promote  the  Union  of  the  British  North  American  Provinces,  and  held  the  post  of 
Minister  of  Agriculture  under  the  new  government.  Mr.  McGee  enjoyed  considerable  reputa 
tion  as  a  writer,  his  principal  work  being  a  u  Popular  History  of  Ireland,"  in  two  volumes,  pub 
lished  at  New  York  in  1862 ;  and  he  was  a  man  of  marked  ability  as  an  orator.  In  the  House 
of  Commons,  two  hours  previous  to  his  assassination,  he  delivered  an  able  speech  on  the  posi 
tion  of  Nova  Scotia  on  the  question  of  a  repeal  of  the  Union,  and  was  just  entering  the  door 
of  his  residence  when  he  was  shot  from  behind,  the  wound  causing  instant  death.  An  Irish 
Fenian  named  James  Whelan  was  afterward  tried  and  executed  as  the  murderer. 

McRae,  John  J.,  an  American  politician,  bom  hi  Wayne  county,  Mississippi,  and  died  at 
Balize,  Honduras,  May  30.  He  adopted  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  afterward  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  Mississippi  Legislature,  being  twice  elected  speaker  of  the  Lower  House.  In 
1851,  he  served  for  a  short  time  in  the  United  States  Senate  by  appointment  to  fill  a  vacancy. 
Mr.  McRae  was  Governor  of  Mississippi  from  1854  to  1858,  and  a  Representative  hi  Congress 
from  1858  to  1861.  He  took  part  in  the  civil  war,  and  after  the  close  of  the  war  lived  abroad. 

Mag-ee,  John,  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  York,  born  in  that  state  and  died  at  Wat- 
kins,  April  5,  aged  74  years.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1827  to  1831.  Mr.  Ma- 
gee  was  largely  interested  in  railroads  and  coal  mines,  and  was  reputed  to  be  worth  $40,000,000. 

Mann,  Abijah,  Jr.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  NewYork  from  1833  to  1837,  born  at  Fair- 
field,  Herkimer  county,  September  24, 1793,  and  died  at  Auburn,  September  6,  aged  75  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1827  to  1830,  and  again  in  1838.  He  began  life 
as  a  teacher,  and  was  afterward  a  merchant,  postmaster,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Mann,  James,  a  member  of  the  American  Congress,  born  in  Maine  and  died  at  New  Or 
leans,  August  26,  aged  46  years.  Mr.  Mann  began  life  as  a  teacher,  and  resided  at  Gorham  many 
years.  He  was  at  different  times  a  member  of  both  branches  of  the  Maine  Legislature.  He 


790  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

entered  the  army  as  a  captain  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  but  he  was  subsequently  made  a 
Paymaster,  and  in  1863  was  assigned  to  duty  at  New  Orleans,  where  he  remained  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  was  then  appointed  by  President  Lincoln,  Treasury  Agent  in  connection  with 
the  Customs,  and  subsequently  by  President  Johnson  in  connection  with  the  Department  of  In 
ternal  Revenue.  In  1867,  he  was  actively  interested  in  reorganizing  the  democratic  party  of 
Louisiana,  and  was  in  that  year  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Second  Louisiana 
District.  It  was  mainly  to  his  efforts  that  the  proposition  to  furnish  arms  to  the  militia  of  the 
South  was  defeated. 

Marocchetti,  Charles  Baron,  a  celebrated  sculptor,  born  at  Turin,  of  French  parents,  in 
1805,  and  died  in  London,  January  1,  aged  63  years.  He  was  educated  at  the  lycee  Napoleon, 
and  then  entered  the  studio  of  Bosio.  After  studying  in  Italy,  he  returned  to  France  in  1827, 
and  the  same  year  exhibited  u  A  Young  Girl  Playing  with  a  Dog."  In  1831,  he  exhibited  his 
''Fallen  Angel,"  and  about  the  same  time  executed  for  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  of  Turin  a 
statue  of  Bishop  Morsi,  and  without  any  reward,  an  equestrian  statue  of  Emmanuel  Philibert. 
The  latter  was  his  greatest  work,  and  was  the  only  thing  sent  by  the  artist  to  the  Paris  Exhibi 
tion  of  1855.  In  1839,  Marocchetti  was  made  a  Chevalier  of  the  Legion  of  Honor.  He  afterwaixl 
executed  many  works,  including  the  bas  relief  for  one  of  the  triumphal  arches  of  Paris,  but  in 
1848,  he  went  to  England  from  political  causes,  and  continued  to  reside  in  that  country  until 
his  death.  Among  his  late  works  are  an  equestrian  statue  of  the  Queen,  executed  for  the  city 
of  Glasgow  in  1854 ;  an  obelisk  in  granite  to  the  memory  of  the  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  Crimea, 
1856,  and  the  Mausoleum  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Charles  1, 1857.  M.  Marocchetti 
contributed  his  share  to  the  national  worship  of  the  late  Prince  Albert,  by  a  portrait  bust  of  his 
Royal  Highness,  among  the  great  number  of  busts  executed  by  him  during  his  residence  in 
England. 

Marsh,  John,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  and  temperance  advocate,  born  in  Connecti 
cut  in  1788,  and  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  August  4,  aged  80  years.  He  was  educated  at  Yale 
College,  and  at  21  commenced  the  work  of  the  ministry.  Dr.  Marsh  was  throughout  life  an  un 
remitting  advocate  of  temperance,  and  published  many  sermons  and  addresses  on  the  subject, 
besides  a  hand-book,  entitled  "  Temperance  Recollections."  He  was  also  the  editor  of  "The 
Temperance  Journal,"  while  that  paper  was  published. 

Mattison,  Hiram,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  born 
at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  in  1814,  and  died  at  Jersey  City,  November  25,  aged  54  years.  Dr.  Mattison 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Black  River  Conference,  and  Professor  in  the  Black  River 
Institute.  He  removed  to  New  York  City  in  1850,  where,  on  account  of  some  difference  of 
opinion  between  himself  and  the  brethren  of  his  church,  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Conference,  and  founded  the  Trinity  M.  E.  Church  in  Sixth  Avenue,  over  which  he  presided  for 
a  number  of  years.  He  afterward  renewed  his  connection  with  the  Conference,  and  in  1865 
united  with  the  Newark  Conference.  From  1865  to  1867  he  was  pastor  of  the  Trinity  M.  E. 
Church  in  Jersey  City,  but  resigned  in  the  latter  year  to  accept  the  post  of  Secretary  to  the 
American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union.  Dr.  Mattison  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  The  Na 
tional  Magazine,  a  periodical  published  under  the  auspices  of  the  Methodist  Book  Concern,  and 
upon  the  establishment  of  the  Northern  Independent  at  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  he  became  one  of  its 
associate  editors.  During  the  last  few  months  of  his  life  he  attracted  some  attention  from  the 
stand  taken  by  him  in  opposition  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  made  himself  especially 
prominent  by  the  part  he  took  in  the  alleged  abduction  case  of  Mary  Ann  Smith  in  New  Jersey. 

Mayne,  Sir  Richard,  K.  C.  B.,  for  many  years  one  of  the  Police  Commissioners  of  Lon 
don,  born  in  Ireland  in  1796,  and  died  at  London,  December  27,  aged  72  years.  His  father  was 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench,  Ireland.  He  was  educated  at  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  and  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  took  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1821.  He  was  called 
to  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  in  1822.  In  1829,  he  was  appointed  a  Commissioner  of  the  London 
Police,  in  which  position  he  showed  great  executive  ability,  but  he  recently  made  himself  un 
popular  by  attempting  to  suppress  the  Sunday  meetings  of  workingmen,  an  attempt  which  re- 
suited  in  the  Hyde  Park  riot.  He  further  showed  his  eccentricities  by  a  war  upon  dogs  and  the 
trundling  of  children's  hoops  in  the  streets,  but  in  his  earlier  years  he  rendered  valuable  service, 
for  which  he  was  created  a  C.  B.  in  1847,  and  a  K.  C.  B.,  civil  division,  in  1851. 

Menken,  Adah  Isaacs,  an  American  actress,  born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  about  the  year 
1832,  and  died  in  Paris,  August  11,  aged  36  years.  Her  maiden  name  was  Adah  Isaacs,  the  name 
of  Menken  being  that  of  her  first  husband,  to  whom  she  was  espoused  before  she  became  an 
object  of  public  interest.  Her  marriage  with  Mr.  Menken  proved  unhappy,  and  she  afterward 
formed  a  liaison  with  John  C.  Heenan,  the  pugilist,  while  in  California,  which  continued  after 
she  came  to  New  York,  in  1860.  She  claimed  to  be  married  to  Heenan,  but  her  charms,  so 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  791 

freely  exhibited  on  the  stage  at  this  time  that  to  her  example  the  successful  origin  of  the  nude 
drama  is  attributed,  were  also  used  as  the  means  of  unnumbered  conquests.  Heenan  subse 
quently  disavowed  the  marriage.  She  was  introduced  to  the  New  York  public  in  1860,  by  Mr. 
James  Nixon,  proprietor  of  the  circus  in  Sixteenth  street,  where  she  sustained  the  character  of 
Mazeppa  with  great  success.  Her  success  on  the  stage  has  been  attributed  to  her  fine  figure 
and  easy  carriage  and  a  free  and  debonair  demeanor,  that  has  never  been  excelled  by  those  who 
minister  to  the  prurient  imagination.  But  Mrs.  Menken  must  have  had  some  genuine  qualities 
as  an  artist,  at  least  in  the  line  she  had  chosen,  and  she  made  the  character  of  Mazeppa  her 
own.  In  1864,  she  was  engaged  to  appear  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Smith,  the  lessee  of  the  Theatre  Royal, 
Astley's,  London,  in  the  only  character  in  which  she  excelled,  and  for  nearly  two  seasons  she 
played  the  part  with  great  acceptability  to  the  public  of  the  English  metropolis,  if  not  to  the 
critics.  During  her  second  season  in  London,  she  appeared  in  a  drama  called  "  The  Children 
of  the  Sun,"  written  for  her  by  Mr.  John  Brougham,  but  was  unsuccessful.  She  continued  to 
reside  in  Europe,  and  shortly  before  her  death  was  playing  in  Paris  to  crowded  houses.  During 
her  residence  in  New  York  she  married  Mr.  R.  H.  Newell,  better  known  as  "  Orpheus  C.  Kerr," 
but  the  relation  proved  unhappy,  and  in  less  than  a  year  it  was  dissolved.  While  abroad,  her 
name  was  associated  in  unenviable  notoriety  with  those  of  Alexander  Dumas,  pere,  the  novelist, 
and  Swinburne  the  poet,  among  others.  Rumor  credited  the  young  English  poet  with  being 
engaged  in  editing  a  volume  of  verse  from  her  pen  about  the  time  of  her  death,  which  has  sub 
sequently  appeared,  dedicated,  by  permission,  to  Charles  Dickens. 

Michael  III.,  Prince  of  Servia,  born  September  4, 1828,  and  assassinated  at  Belgrade,  June 
10.  Michael  Obrenovitch  was  the  younger  son  of  Prince  Milosh  Obrenovitch.  He  was  educated 
together  with  his  elder  brother  Milan,  under  the  care  of  a  Russian  professor  named  Zoritch, 
and  subsequently  of  a  young  Greek  of  Trieste.  After  the  abdication  of  his  father,  consequent 
upon  the  revolution,  and  the  death  of  his  elder  brother,  which  occurred  three  months  after  his 
being  proclaimed  Prince,  Michael  returned  from  the  exile  which  he  had  shared  with  his  father, 
and  on  July  8,  1839,  he  was  proclaimed  prince  upon  the  terms  of  the  proclamation  of  1838.  He 
proceeded  to  Constantinople,  where  the  title  and  decoration  of  Muchir  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  the  Sultan  in  January,  1840.  The  first  years  of  the  Prince's  rule  were  rendered  unhappy  by 
constant  difficulties  with  Turkey,  and  in  1842,  intrigue  and  faction  so  far  succeeded  that  the 
National  Assembly  proclaimed  the  right  to  rule  to  be  forfeited  by  the  Obrenovitch  family,  and 
conferred  the  dignity  upon  Alexander  Karageorgevitch.  The  prince  spent  the  next  few  years 
in  traveling  in  Europe,  but  upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1860,  (restored  to  power  in  1858),  he 
again  became  the  hereditary  ruler  of  Servia,  and  in  1867,  succeeded  in  compelling  Turkey  to 
withdraw  the  garrisons  of  the  five  fortresses  in  the  possession  of  that  government.  He  waa 
assassinated  by  three  men  who  suddenly  fired  upon  him  while  walking  through  one  of  the  pub 
lic  parks  of  Belgrade,  the  charge  being  made  that  the  assassins  were  instigated  to  the  deed  by 
the  Prince  Karageorgevitch. 

Miller,  James  F.,  a  commodore  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  born  in  New  Hampshire  and  died  at 
Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  July  11,  aged  65  years.  He  entered  the  naval  service  from  Massa 
chusetts  in  1826,  and  after  passing  through  the  various  grades  of  rank,  was  promoted  to  be 
commodore  in  1866. 

Milman,  Henry  Hart,  D.  D.,  an  English  author  and  divine,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  born  in 
London,  Feb.  10, 1791,  and  died  Sept.  25,  aged  77  years.  He  was  educated  at  Eton  and  Brazen 
Nose  College,  Oxford.  He  was  author  of  a  play  entitled  "  Fazio,"  which  was  first  produced  at 
Covent  Garden,  and  is  occasionally  acted  even  now.  In  1818,  he  published  a  heroic  poem  in 
12  books,  entitled  "  Samor,"  and  this  was  followed  by  the  u  Fall  of  Jerusalem,"  "  Anne  Boleyn," 
"  The  Martyr  of  Antioch,"  &c.  Dr.  Milman  is  best  known  by  his  prose  works,  of  which  hia 
"History  of  the  Jews"  is  perhaps  the  most  important.  ,  This  work  was  published  in  1835,  and 
was  followed  by  a  "History  of  Christianity,"  in  1840,  and  a  "History  of  Latin  Christianity," 
in  1855.  He  also  wrote  a  "Life  of  Keats,"  edited  an  illustrated  edition  of  Horace  with  a  life 
of  the  poet,  and  furnished  "  Notes  and  Illustrations  "  to  Gibbon's  great  work.  He  contributed 
numerous  articles  to  the  Quarterly  Review,  and  in  1827,  published  "  Sermons  at  the  Bampton 
Lecture."  He  took  orders  in  1817,  and  was  appointed  vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Reading.  In  1821, 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Poetry  in  the  University  of  Oxford ;  was  afterward  made  rector 
of  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  and  in  1849  was  appointed  Dean  of  St.  Paul's. 

Mitchell,  S.  Augustus,  an  eminent  American  Geographer  and  author  of  a  popular  series 
of  Text  Books  on  that  subject,  known  by  his  name,  died  December  20,  in  Philadelphia,  where 
he  had  resided  for  more  than  half  a  century. 

Monagas,  Gen.  Jose  Tadeo,  Provisional  President  of  Venezuela,  born  about  1786,  and 
died  early  in  November,  aged  82  years.  Monagas  was  one  of  the  few  remaining  contempora 
ries  of  Bolivar  the  liberator  of  Spanish  America.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  revolution  in  South 


792  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

America,  he  entered  the  ranks,  fought  bravely,  and  won  great  distinction.  When  order  was 
restored  in  Venezuela  and  Gen.  Paez  elected  the  first  President  of  the  Republic,  Monagas  en 
deavored  to  get  up  an  insurrection  to  overturn  the  Government,  but  the  attempt  failed.  Var 
gas  succeeded  Paez,  when  Monagas  again  raised  the  standard  of  revolt,  but  Paez  took  the  field 
against  him,  and  this  attempt  also  failed.  By  the  aid  of  Paez,  who  by  this  means  hoped  to 
give  peace  to  Venezuela,  Monagas  at  last  obtained  the  goal  of  his  ambition  by  being  elected 
President ;  but  after  exercising  his  functions  for  two  years,  he  overturned  the  government, 
proclaimed  himself  dictator,  and  drove  Paez  from  the  country.  He  ruled  as  dictator  eleven 
years,  but  was  finally  overthrown  by  a  revolution  in  1859,  and  compelled  to  retire  to  private 
life.  During  the  recent  revolution  in  Venezuela,  although  then  more  than  eighty  years  of  age, 
he  took  the  field  against  President  Falcon,  and  having  vanquished  him,  caused  himself  to  be 
proclaimed  Provisional  President  of  the  Republic.  But  for  his  death  he  would  probably  have 
been  again  elected  President  of  Venezuela. 

Mongkout,  Chao  Pha,  King  of  Siam,  born  about  the  year  1805,  and  died  October  1,  aged 
63  years.  He  succeeded  his  father,  Phen  Din  Klang,  in  1825,  by  right  of  being  the  eldest  son 
of  the  queen.  He  was,  however,  set  aside  by  his  elder  brothers,  and  then  became  a  Buddhist 
monk,  devoting  much  of  his  time  to  the  study  of  science  and  language.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain,  and  spoke  English  with  much  fluency.  In  April,  1851, 
upon  the  death  of  his  brother  Chao,  he  ascended  the  throne,  and  discarding  the  monastic  drese 
he  assumed  all  the  insignia  of  royalty,  taking  the  title  of  Prabat  Somdet  Pra  Paramenthon 
Maha  Mongkout.  Among  the  first  acts  of  his  reign  he  established  a  royal  printing  press,  and 
granted  freedom  of  worship.  In  1855,  he  concluded  a  treaty  of  commerce  with  Great  Britain, 
and  the  next  year  with  France  and  the  United  States.  He  paid  great  attention  to  the  develop 
ment  of  the  internal  resources  of  his  Kingdom,  and  caused  many  roads,  canals  and  other  im 
provements  to  be  constructed  in  various  parts  of  Siam. 

Morehead,  Charles  S.,  ex-Governor  of  Kentucky,  born  in  Nelson  county  in  that  state, 
in  1802,  and  died  in  Washington  county,  Mississippi,  December  23,  aged  60  years.  He  adopted 
the  profession  of  the  law.  In  1828  and  1829  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
again  from  1838  to  1842,  and  in  1844  and  1853.  He  was  three  times  speaker.  He  was  appointed 
Attorney  General  of  the  state  in  1832,  and  held  the  office  five  years.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1847  to  1851.  In  1855,  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Kentucky,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Peace  Congress  of  1861.  After  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  he  was  for  a  long  time 
confined  in  Fort  Lafayette.  His  last  days  were  spent  on  the  plantation  in  Mississippi,  where 
he  died. 

Muzaffar-ed-din,  Emir  of  Bokhara,  died  in  the  prime  of  life,  sometime  in  July  or  August. 
He  was  the  son  of  Nasrullah  Khan,  who  put  to  death  the  British  subjects  Conolly  and  Stoddart 
during  the  troubles  in  Afghanistan ;  but  the  late  Khan  was  distinguished  for  an  extreme  soft 
ness  of  character,  love  of  justice  and  genuine  piety.  In  consequence  he  was  sometimes  in 
volved  in  religious  wars  with  the  unbelievers ;  but  he  seemed  to  have  been  inspired  by  a  love 
of  conquest  rather  than  zeal  against  simple  unbelief.  In  a  war  with  the  Khan  of  Khokand  he 
was  highly  successful,  but  his  struggles  against  the  overwhelming  power  of  Russia  brought 
him  to  the  brink  of  destruction.  After  the  capture  of  Samarcand,  a  short  time  before  hie 
death,  he  was  completely  in  the  power  of  his  victorious  enemy.  Forsaken  by  his  subjects,  by 
whom  he  was  once  adored,  and  abandoned  by  his  relatives  who  intrigued  against  him,  he  did 
not  live  to  see  the  capture  of  his  capital  or  to  accept  the  terms  dictated  by  Russia.  His  death 
changed  the  hostile  attitude  of  the  Russians  toward  the  Khanates  into  a  friendly  one,  and 
seems  to  confirm  the  Imperial  power  in  Central  Asia. 

Narvaez,  Don  Ramon  Maria,  Duke  of  Valencia,  a  Spanish  General  and  statesman,  born 
at  Loga  in  Andalusia,  Angust  4,  1800,  and  died  at  Madrid  April  23,  aged  68  years.  He  took  part 
at  a  very  early  age  in  the  war  against  the  Emperor  Napoleon  I.,  and  rose  rapidly  in  the  army. 
In  1835  he  fought  so  zealously  against  the  Carlists  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  insurrection  in  the 
Basque  provinces,  that  he  was  appointed  Brigadier,  and  gained  great  reputation  by  his  pursuit 
of  Gomez,  the  Carlist  general  in  1836.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  war  in  1840,  he  quarreled 
with  Espartero,  and  in  1841  joined  in  the  attempt  to  overthrow  that  minister  by  an  insurrection. 
Failing  in  this,  he  was  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  Paris,  but  the  expulsion  of  Espartero  in  1843, 
was  owing  in  a  great  measure  to  Narvaez,  who  was  rewarded  for  his  part  in  the  movement  with 
the  title  of  Duke  of  Valencia.  Espartero  was  opposed  by  the  party  of  the  queen-mother,  Chris 
tina,  who  was  then  in  retirement  in  France,  and  on  her  return  to  Spain  in  1845,  Narvaez  became 
her  prime  adviser  and  kept  down  the  Liberals  until  his  ministry  was  overthrown  in  1846.  In 
May  1847,  he  was  sent  as  Ambassador  to  Paris,  where  he  engaged  in  the  plots  against  the  Queen 
formed  by  her  mother,  but  in  October  of  that  year  he  was  chosen  President  of  the  Council  and 


1869.]  OBITUARIES.  793 

head  of  the  Ministry,  and  retained  the  position,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  interval,  until 
1861.  He  was  then  sent  as  Ambassador  to  Vienna,  but  in  1856  he  was  again  called  to  the  head 
of  the  Ministry.  As  he  had  before  weakened  his  authority  by  ceaseless  quarrels  with  Queen 
Isabella,  he  now  impaired  his  popularity  by  strengthening  the  influence  of  the  crown  in  the 
Senate,  admitting  to  it  the  dignitaries  of  church  and  state,  and  making  the  dignity  of  Senator 
hereditary,  so  that  it  became  necessary  that  he  should  tender  his  resignation  November  1,  1857. 
Narvaez  again  became  President  of  the  Council  and  head  of  the  new  ministry  in  September 

1864,  a.id  signalized  his  return  to  power  by  preventing  the  invasion  of  St.  Domingo  in  January 

1865,  bit  in  June  of  the  same  year  he  made  way  for  the  government  of  Marshall  O'Donnell.    In 
1866  he  returned  to  power  for  the  fourth  time,  and  remained  at  the  head  of  the  ministry  until 
his  death. 

Nicolson,  Samuel,  inventor  of  the  "Nicolson  pavement,"  born  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  and 
died  at  Boston,  January  6,  aged  76  years.  He  was  also  inventor  of  an  improved  apparatus  for 
steering  vessels. 

Noyes,  Joseph  C.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Maine  from  1837  to  1839,  born  at  Portland 
in  1798,  and  died  at  that  place  July  28,  aged  70  years.  He  was  a  merchant  by  occupation,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature  hi  1833,  and  Collector  of  the  Paasamaquoddy  District  from  1841 
to  1843. 

Pendleton,  John  S.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Virginia,  born  in  Virginia,  and  died  at 
Culpepper  Court  House  in  that  State,  November  19,  aged  63  years.  He  was  appointed  Charge 
d' Affaires  to  the  Republic  of  Chili  in  1841,  served  as  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1845  to 
1849.  and  became  Minister  Resident  to  the  Argentine  Confederation  in  1851. 

Pickering1,  Octavius,  an  eminent  American  law  reporter,  bom  at  Wyoming,  Penn.,  Sep 
tember  2,  1791,  and  died  at  Boston,  October  29,  aged  78  years.  Mr.  Pickering  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1810,  and  studied  law  at  Boston,  being  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  County  Bar 
in  1816.  He  assisted  in  reporting  the  proceedings  of  the  Massachusetts  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1G20,  and  in  1822  became  State  Reporter.  His  reports  of  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts  run  through  a  period  of  18  years,  and  fill  24  volumes.  In  1842  he  gave 
up  the  office  of  reporter,  and  lived  abroad  in  England  and  on  the  Continent  until  1849.  Mr. 
Pickering  was  interested  in  science  and  natural  history,  and  was  an  active  member  of  the  Bos 
ton  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  other  associations. 

Poe,  Adam,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman,  born  in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  July  21, 
1804,  and  died  June  26,  aged  64  years.  He  received  only  a  limited  education,  his  youth  being 
spent  at  work  upon  his  father's  farm.  Having  attached  himself  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  he  entered  the  itinerancy  in  1826,  and  in  1827  was  admitted  into  the  Ohio  Annual  Con 
ference.  During  the  ensuing  seven  years  he  was  a  "circuit  preacher"  in  various  parts  of  the 
State.  In  1835  he  became  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Wooster  District,  and  continued  on  that  and 
the  Tiffin  Districts  for  five  years.  From  1839  to  1852  he  was  stationed  at  Mansfield  and  Dela 
ware  for  a  number  of  years,  and  was  Presiding  Elder  of  different  districts ;  but  in  the  latter 
year  he  was  elected  assistant  agent  of  the  Western  Book  Concern,  and  re-elected  in  1856,  and  in 
1860  he  was  made  principal  agent  and  re-elected  to  this  office  in  1864.  Dr.  Poe  was  one  of  the 
best  known  clergymen  in  the  denomination  to  which  he  belonged,  and  throughout  the  many 
years  of  his  ministry  was  a  sincere  and  arduous  worker  in  the  work  he  had  chosen.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  education,  and  may  almost  be  said  to  have  been  the  founder  of  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  Conference. 

Raphall,  Rev.  Morris  Jacob,  a  Jewish  Rabbi,  born  in  Stockholm  in  1798,  and  died  in 
New  York  June  23,  aged  70  years.  He  was  educated  at  the  Jewish  College  at  Copenhagen, 
where  he  became  entitled  to  the  designation  of  Rabbi.  He  acquired  the  English  language  in 
England  in  1812.  From  1821  to  1824,  he  was  at  the  University  of  Giessen,  and  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  England  in  1825.  In  1834  he  commenced  The  Hebrew  fieview,  the  first  Jewish  periodi 
cal  ever  published  in  England.  He  translated  the  works  of  Maimonides.  the  "Book  of  Princi 
ples,"  and  in  conjunction  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sola,  eighteen  treatises  of  the  "Mishua."  He 
afterward  published  a  number  of  treatises  in  defence  of  Judaism.  In  1641  Dr.  Raphall  was  ap 
pointed  Rabbi  of  the  Birmingham  Synagogue,  and  the  year  before  he  had  been  secretary  to  the 
chief  Rabbi  in  England  during  the  persecution  of  the  Jews  in  Syria.  He  was  always  active  in 
advancing  the  interests  of  his  people,  and  among  other  things  was  prominent  in  promoting  the 
Hebrew  National  School  at  Birmingham.  In  1847  he  wrote  an  address  to  the  electors  of  Lon 
don,  which  had  great  influence  in  securing  the  election  of  Baron  de  Rothschild  to  Parliament. 
He  emigrated  to  this  country  in  1849.  and  was  at  first  Rabbi  preacher  to  the  congregation  of  the 
Greene  street  Synagogue  in  New  York,  and  afterward  of  the  congregation  "Bnai  Jeshurun,"  in 
Thirty-fourth  street.  He  published  in  this  country  "Devotional  Exercises  for  the  Daughters  of 


794  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

Israel,"  and  portions  of  his  Biblical  translations.  Dr.  Raphall  was  held  in  high  repute  for  hie 
learning,  and  was  much  respected  both  by  his  own  people  and  the  Christian  public. 

Rives,  "William  C.,  an  American  statesman,  born  in  Nelson  county,  Va.,  May  4,  17'J3,  and 
died  at  Charlottesville,  April  26,  aged  75  years.  He  was  educated  at  Hampdeu  Sidney  and  Wil 
liam  and  Mary's  College,  and  then  studied  law  with  Thomas  Jefferson.  He  was  first  elected  to 
the  Virginia  Legislature  in  1817  and  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1823.  He  served  in  Con 
gress  three  successive  terms,  and  was  then  appointed  Minister  to  France  by  President  Jackson. 
On  his  return  to  this  country  in  1832  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  but  resigned 
in  1834  and  was  reflected  in  1835,  and  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate  in  1840.  In  1849  he 
was  appointed  Minister  to  France  the  second  time,  and  retired  from  political  life  upon  his  re 
turn  in  1853.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  "  Peace  Congress  "  of  1861,  and  he  was  afterward  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Confederate  Congress.  Mr.  Rive's  enhanced  his  reputation  by  publishing  a  "  History 
of  the  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison." 

Robertson,  Anthony  L.,  an  American  Jurist,  born  in  New  York  city  in  June  1808,  and 
died  December  18,  aged  60  years.  He  graduated  at  Columbia  College  in  1825,  and  after  several 
years  study,  entered  upon  the  practice  of  the  law.  In  1846  he  became  assistant  Vice  Chancellor 
of  the  Fifth  Judicial  District,  and  he  was  afterward  Surrogate  of  the  County  of  New  York  by 
appointment  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to  the  Bench  of  the  Superior  Court,  and 
was  Chief  Justice  of  that  court  from  1805  until  his  death. 

Rossini,  Gioacchino,  a  musical  composer  of  great  eminence,  born  in  Tesaro,  near  Bologna, 
February  29,  1792,  and  died  in  Paris  November  13,  aged  76  years.  His  musical  talent  was  devel 
oped  at  a  very  early  age,  and  while  he  was  still  a  boy  he  was  taught  singing  by  a  Bolognese 
master.  He  developed  a  remarkably  fine  soprano  voice,  but  this  failed  him  at  the  age  of  16  and 
he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  occupation  as  a  chorister  in  the  Bologna  churches.  After  this 
he  was  admitted  to  the  Lyceum  at  Bologna  and  studied  counterpoint  under  Mattei,  but  he  had 
made  little  progress  in  his  art  when  he  undertook  to  educate  himself.  He  studied  intently  the 
best  models,  Italian  and  German,  and  produced  some  light  operatic  pieces  of  which  the  only 
one  that  has  lived  is  the  "L'ingauno  Felice,"  brought  out  in  1812.  "Tancredi"  was  produced 
at  Venice  in  1813.  Rossini  had  acquired  some  reputation  by  his  previous  works,  but  this  one 
all  at  once  made  him  famous.  Encouraged  by  its  success  he  produced  other  operas  in  quick 
succession,  but  none  of  them  equalled  his  first  chef-d'oeuvre  in  the  enthusiasm  it  created,  and 
all  of  them,  including  "  Tancredi,"  have  been  eclipsed  by  his  later  works.  From  1814  to  1822  he 
was  musical  director  of  the  San  Carlos  theater  at  Naples,  and  during  this  period  composed  some 
of  his  most  successful  operas.  In  1816  his  "11  Barbiere  di  Seviglia"  was  produced  at  Rome 
during  the  Carnival,  and  the  greater  part  of  it,  it  is  said,  was  written  within  eight  days.  About 
the  same  time  he  produced  his  "Otello,"  which  is  still  popular,  and  in  1817  "Cindarella"  (Cene- 
rentola),  was  brought  out,  followed  by  the  oratorio  of  "  Moses  in  Egypt."  in  1818.  The  last  of 
these  is  sometimes  admirably  represented  in  New  York  and  Boston  in  its  original  form,  but  it 
has  undergone  two  transformations  to  fit  it  for  a  too  fastidious  English  audience,  one  of  these 
having  the  fantastic  title  of  "Peter  the  Hermit"  (Pietro  rEeremieta).  La  Cenerentola  is  well 
remembered  in  this  country  on  account  of  the  triumphs  of  Alboni  in  New  York  in  1855.  After 
producing  these  and  a  number  of  other  operas,  Rossini  took  leave  of  the  Italian  stage  in  1823 
by  the  production  of  his  greatest  work,  the  magnificent  Semiramide.  The  most  brilliant  opera 
evening  in  America  was  in  the  representation  of  this  piece  at  the  opening  of  the  Academy  of 
Music  in  New  York,  when  Grisi  sung  and  acted  with  more  than  the  oriental  splendor  of  the 
Assyrian  Queen.  The  " Semiramide'''1  was  first  produced  in  Venice,  when  lyric  representations 
in  the  days  before  the  Austrian  conquest  were  the  serious  business  of  life  with  the  Venetians,  and 
was  the  magnificent  peace  offering  which  Rossini  made  them  for  previous  grounds  of  complaint 
they  had  against  him.  In  the  same  year  that  witnessed  the  production  of  "  Semiramide"  Ros 
sini  married  Signora  Colbran,  a  well-known  prima-donna,  but  then  past  her  charms,  and  in  1824 
they  went  to  London  under  an  engagement,  he  to  compose  an  opera  and  she  to  sing.  The  opera 
was  not  written  and  the  prima-donna  failed  to  please,  but  Rossini  was  everywhere  feted,  and 
realized  $50,000  in  a  short  time  from  concerts  projected  for  him  by  the  leaders  of  fashion  in  the 
metropolis.  Proceeding  to  Paris  he  became  director  of  the  Italian  opera  there,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  remained  until  1830,  producing  among  other  operas  "  Guillaume  Tell,"  one  of  his  greatest 
and  most  original  works.  He  then  withdrew  from  all  professional  exertion  and  retired  to  Passy, 
the  only  important  work  which  he  afterward  produced  being  his  well  known  "  Stabat  Mater." 
A  posthumous  opera  is  to  be  produced  in  Paris  with  Alboni  in  the  cast.  The  list  of  Rossini's 
works  is  very  large,  comprising  thirty-eight  operas,  two  or  three  masses,  nine  cantatas  and 
much  miscellaneous  music.  Having  separated  from  his  first  wife,  who  died  in  1845,  he  married 
Madame  Olympe  Pelissier  in  that  year,  and  afterward  resided  chiefly  in  Paris,  his  house  being 


1809.]  OBITUARIES.  795 

the  center  of  social,  literary  and  artistic  circles.  He  was  promoted  a  Grand  officer  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor  and  decorated  with  other  distinctions,  and  a  statue  was  raised  to  him  at  Pesaro, 
in  August  1864,  with  great  ceremony. 

Rothschild,  James,  Baron,  the  fifth  and  last  surviving  son  of  Meyer  Anselm  Rothschild, 
the  founder  of  the  great  banking  house  of  the  Rothschilds,  died  in  Paris,  November  16,  aged  76 
years.  He  was  born  at  Frankfort,  May  15,  1792,  and  established  himself  in  Paris  in  1812,  where 
he  was  the  head  of  the  French  branch  of  the  firm.  Soon  after  his  establishment  in  Paris  he  re 
ceived  the  title  of  Consul-General  of  the  Austrian  Empire  in  France,  for  eminent  services  ren 
dered  to  Austria,  and  in  many  other  ways  he  contributed  to  the  reputation  of  the  house  of 
which  he  was  a  member.  Upon  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons  many  of  the  ancient  nobility 
had  recourse  to  him  for  financial  relief.  He  mainly  contributed  to  the  construction  of  the  St. 
Germain  and  Northern  railroads,  and  many  public  works  owe  their  erection  to  his  munificence, 
especially  synagogues  and  Hebrew  establishments,  such  as  the  hospital  of  the  Rue  Picpm,  He 
contributed  12,000  francs  to  the  relief  of  the  wounded  in  the  Revolution  of  July  1830,  and  his 
influence  under  the  reign  of  King  Louis  Phillipe  was  very  great.  But  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years  the  authority  of  his  name  visibly  declined,  and  in  1847  when  provisions  were  scarce  the 
popular  feeling  against  him  became  very  bitter  in  consequence  of  the  shafts  hurled  at  him  by 
numerous  pamphleteers.  The  next  year  one  of  the  first  acts  of  revolutionary  violence  which 
led  to  the  establishment  of  the  Republic,  was  the  pillage  of  his  country  seat  at  Sarennes.  He 
was  compelled  to  suspend  his  business  but  remained  in  Paris  under  the  protection  of  M.  Caus- 
sidiere,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the  popular  feeling  against  him  had  been  appeased  by  a  con 
tribution  of  50,000  francs  to  the  relief  of  the  wounded,  that  he  could  again  engage  in  banking 
affairs.  Under  the  Republic  and  the  Second  Empire  the  part  taken  by  Baron  Rothschild  in  the 
great  affairs  of  state  was  not  so  important  as  in  the  preceding  reigns,  and  he  never  regained  the 
influence  he  had  lost. 

Salisbury,  James  Brownlow  William  Gascoyne-Cecil,  Marquis  of,  only  son  of 
the  first  Marquis,  born  April  17,  1791,  and  died  at  his  seat  in  Hertfordshire,  April  12,  aged  77 
years.  He  represented  Weymouth  in  Parliament  in  the  conservative  interest  from  1814  until 
he  succeeded  his  father  as  second  Marquis,  June  23,  1823.  He  was  a  member  of  Lord  Derby's 
first  two  administrations,  being  Lord  Privy  Seal  from  February  to  December,  1852,  and  Presi 
dent  of  the  Council  from  1858  to  1859.  The  Marquis  of  Salisbury  was,  at  his  death,  Lord  Lieu 
tenant  of  Middlesex,  High  Steward  of  Hertford,  Colonel  of  the  Herts  militia,  and  patron  of 
eight  livings. 

Seymour,  Thomas  H.,  ex-Governor  of  Connecticut,  born  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1808, 
where  he  died,  September  3,  aged  60  years.  He  was  educated  at  the  Middletown  Military  In 
stitute,  studied  law  and  then  pursued  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Mr.  Seymour  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1843  to  1845.  In  the  Mexican  war  he  served 
as  Major  of  a  New  England  regiment,  and  after  the  battle  of  Chapultepec  he  was  promoted  to 
be  Colonel.  In  1850,  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Connecticut,  and  he  was  reelected  three  times 
in  succession.  He  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce  minister  to  Russia,  and  served  in  that 
capacity,  besides  holding  offices  of  honor  and  trust.  In  1863,  he  was  again  the  democratic  can 
didate  for  Governor  of  Connecticut,  but  he  was  defeated  by  a  considerable  majority. 

Slemmer,  Adam  J.,  an  American  general,  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Pennsylvania,  and 
died  at  Fort  Laramie,  of  which  he  was  commander,  October  7.  He  graduated  at  West  Point  in 
1850,  and  then  served  against  the  Seminole  Indians  in  Florida,  and  afterward  in  California  and 
at  Fort  Moultrie  in  Charleston  harbor.  Lieut.  Slemmer  was  afterward  transferred  to  West 
Point,  and  served  as  a  teacher  in  that  institution  for  four  years.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebel 
lion,  he  was  in  command  of  a  small  garrison  at  Fort  McRae,  near  Mobile,  and  distinguished 
himself  by  throwing  his  small  force  of  80  men,  some  of  them  marines  from  the  steamer  Wyan- 
dotte  then  in  Pensacola  bay,  into  Fort  Pickens  on  the  opposite  shore  and  about  a  mile  distant 
from  Fort  McRae.  He  secured  himself  against  attack  from  the  latter  place  by  spiking  the  guns 
and  ramming  the  tompions  so  firmly  into  the  muzzles  that  they  had  to  be  bored  out.  Lieut. 
Slemmer  held  Fort  Pickens  without  reinforcements  while  all  the  other  military  works  of  the 
United  States  were  being  seized  and  garrisoned  by  hostile  forces  in  the  last  days  of  Mr.  Buchan 
an's  administration,  and  it  was  not  until  the  20th  of  April  that  he  yielded  precedence  to  Col. 
Brown,  who  had  been  sent  to  occupy  the  Fort  with  an  ample  garrison.  Lieut.  Slemmer  wag 
promoted  to  be  Brigadier  General  of  Volunteers  in  reward  for  his  services,  and  continued  to 
serve  with  ability  and  zeal  until  his  death. 

Smith,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Brevet  Brigadier  General  U.  S.  A.,  born  at  Trenton,  N.  J. 
in  1831,  and  died  at  Fort  Reno,  Wyoming  territory,  in  August,  aged  37  years.  Gen.  Smith  was 


790  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 

graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  and  served  through  the  civil  war  with 
credit. 

Smith,  Seba,  an  American  journalist  and  author  of  "  Major  Jack  Downing's  Letters,"  was 
born  in  Buckfield,  Maine,  September  14,  1792,  and  died  at  Patchogue,  L.  L,  July  29,  aged  76 
years.  He  was  educated  at  Brunswick  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1818,  afterward  adopting 
the  profession  of  journalist.  He  first  formed  a  connection  with  the  press  in  Portland,  where 
he  remained  until  his  removal  to  New  York,  in  1842.  During  the  political  excitement  of  the 
time,  when  Gen.  Jackson  was  the  leading  spirit  in  national  affairs,  he  wrote  a  series  of  letters 
to  a  Portland  newspaper  over  the  signature  of  "Major  Jack  Downing,"  which  attracted  great 
attention  and  attained  a  wide  celebrity.  These  letters  were  collected  in  a  volume  in  1833,  and 
afterward  were  often  reprinted,  though  they  have  long  lost  the  place  they  once  held  in  the  pub 
lic  mind.  In  1841,  he  published  a  metrical  romance  entitled  "Powhatan,"  and  a  collection  of 
his  tales  and  essays  was  published  in  1855.  A  work  entitled  "  New  Elements  of  Geometry," 
which  he  published  in  1850,  is  generally  considered  his  most  remarkable  production.  This 
work  contained  a  somewhat  vehement  assault  on  the  common  definitions  of  geometry,  main 
taining  the  ingenious  paradox  that  the  three  dimensions  of  space — length,  breadth  and  thick 
ness — were  predicated  upon  lines,  surfaces  and  solids.  It  made  but  little  impression  upon  the 
scientific  world,  though  it  secured  him  the  friendship  of  the  French  philosopher,  August  Comtev 
Mr.  Smith  was  the  husband  of  Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith,  well  known  from  her  numerous  poems, 
novels  and  tales. 

Sommers,  Charles  G.,  D.  D.,  died  in  New  York  City,  December  19,  at  the  age  of  76.  Dr. 
Sommers  was  born  in  London  in  1791,  and  emigrated  to  America  early  in  the  present  century. 
In  1811,  he  was  employed  as  confidential  clerk  by  John  Jacob  Astor,  but  soon  afterward  turned 
his  attention  to  the  ministry.  His  ministerial  labors  extended  over  nearly  a  half-century,  the 
greater  part  of  which  time  he  was  actively  engaged  in  mission  and  reformatory  work  under 
the  auspices  of  the  American  Tract  Society,  which  he  served  without  compensation  for  23 
years,  the  Bible  Society,  and  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  He  also  founded  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and,  in  connection  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  Griffiths,  es 
tablished  the  first  Sunday  school  in  America  upon  the  plan  of  Robert  Raikes,  in  Division 
street. 

Steele,  Frederic,  an  American  general,  born  in  Delhi,  Delaware  county,  N.  Y.,  and  died 
at  San  Mateo,  January  20,  of  apoplexy.  He  was  graduated  at  West  Point  in  1843,  and  ap 
pointed  brevet  2d  Lieutenant  in  the  2d  Infantry.  He  served  throughout  the  Mexican  war,  and 
was  promoted  to  be  first  lieutenant  and  captain  for  gallantry  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and 
Chapultepec.  After  the  close  of  the  Mexican  war  he  was  ordered  to  California,  where  he  be 
came  Adjutant  General  to  Gen.  Riley.  He  afterward  served  on  the  western  frontier,  and  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  in  1861,  was  appointed  Major  in  the  llth  Infantry,  serving  in 
Missouri.  For  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  August  10,  1861,  he  was 
made  Brigadier  General  of  volunteers,  January  29, 1862.  Gen.  Steele  was  for  a  long  time  in 
command  at  Helena,  Arkansas,  and  captured  Little  Rock,  the  capital  of  the  state,  September 
10, 1863.  In  1864,  he  cooperated  with  the  Red  River  expedition  of  Gen.  Banks,  but  the  check 
received  by  Banks  necessitated  the  return  of  Gen.  Steele1  s  army  to  Little  Rock.  After  the 
war  he  was  in  command  of  the  Department  of  Oregon. 

Stevens,  Edwin  A.,  well  known  during  the  war  as  the  owner  and  originator  of  what  was 
called  the  Stevens'  Battery,  at  New  York,  died  at  Paris,  August  7,  aged  72  years.  His  father, 
John  Stevens,  was  a  cotemporary  of  Robert  Fulton,  and  like  him  a  pioneer  in  steamboat  navi 
gation.  At  the  death  of  the  elder  Stevens,  in  1838,  he  left  to  his  son  Edwin  the  tract  of  land 
on  which  the  city  of  Hoboken,  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  suburbs  of  New  York,  now 
stands.  In  tha  development  and  improvement  of  this  property  Mr.  Stevens  amassed  a  colossal 
fortune,  which,  at  his  death,  was  said  to  amount  to  $18,000,000.  He  was  one  of  the  projectors 
of  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railroad,  and  was  always  intimately  connected  with  its  manage 
ment.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  he  had  nearly  completed  a  floating  battery,  and  ap 
plied  to  Congress  for  assistance,  which  was  granted,  but  not  in  sufficient  amount  to  finish  the 
work,  and  a  subsequent  proposition  which  he  made  to  complete  it  was  rejected  by  the  Secre 
tary  of  the  Navy.  Afterward,  Mr.  Stevens  built  and  fitted  out  the  Naugatuck,  a  one  gun  moni 
tor,  but  his  pet  project  was  never  tried  or  completed.  His  remains  were  brought  from  Paris  to 
Hoboken  for  interment. 

Stevens,  Thaddeus,  an  American  statesman,  born  at  Peacham,  Caledonia  county,  Ver 
mont,  April  4, 1792,  and  died  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  midnight,  August  12,  aged  75  years.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1814,  and  the  same  year  removed  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
became  a  teacher  in  an  academy.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Gettysburg  bar  in  1816.  He  con- 


18(59.]  OBITUARIES.  797 

tinued  to  reside  at  Gettysburg  until  1842,  when  he  removed  to  Lancaster.  In  1833,  he  wag 
elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly,  and  he  was  re-elected  the  two  following  years.  He  waa 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1837,  and  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature 
the  same  year,  and  the  last  time  in  1841.  He  was  appointed  a  Canal  Commissioner  in  1838,  but 
held  the  office  for  only  a  short  time.  In  the  Legislature,  he  was  most  distinguished  for  the 
part  he  took  in  promoting  the  educational  interests  of  the  people.  Previous  to  1834,  Pennsyl 
vania  had  no  common  school  system,  but  in  that  year  the  present  system  was  established  under 
the  leadership  of  Mr.  Stevens  in  the  Legislature.  He  afterwards  opposed  the  attempts  to  abol 
ish  it  with  the  same  earnestness  that  characterized  his  exertions  for  its  establishment,  and 
succeeded  in  defeating  in  the  House  a  bill  for  the  repeal  of  the  law  which  had  been  passed  by 
the  Senate.  At  this  time,  the  anti-masonic  movement  had  just  begun.  Among  those  who 
were  most  hostile  to  secret  societies  was  Mr.  Stevens,  and  he  pursued  his  hostility  so  far  as  to 
have  many  prominent  persons,  among  them  the  late  Vice  President  Dallas,  examined  before  a 
committee  of  the  Legislature  touching  the  secrets  of  the  order.  In  1835,  Joseph  Ritner,  the 
anti-masonic  candidate,  was  elected  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Mr.  Stevens  became  the 
principal  adviser  of  the  Executive.  Near  the  close  of  Ritner's  administration  occurred  the 
noted  "Buckshot  War,"  in  which  Mr.  Stevens  bore  a  prominent  part.  This  trouble  originated 
in  alleged  election  frauds  in  Philadelphia  county  and  other  places,  in  the  general  election  of  1838, 
and  resulted  in  the  Senate  Chamber  at  Harrisburg  being  taken  possession  of  by  a  mob  while 
the  Senate  was  in  session,  and  the  organization  of  two  rival  bodies,  each  styling  itself  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Owing  to  the  confidential  relations  of  Mr.  Stevens  toward  Gov. 
Ritner's  administration,  and  the  part  he  took  as  a  member  of  the  Assembly,  much  of  the  obloquy 
that  resulted  was  poured  upon  his  head.  He  was  expelled,  however,  but  sent  back  to  his  con 
stituents,  he  published  an  address  to  the  people  of  Adams  county  and  was  re-elected.  From 
1842,  when  he  removed  to  Lancaster,  to  1848,  when  he  was  first  elected  to  Congress,  and  during 
the  ten  years  intervening  the  first  and  second  periods  of  his  successive  service,  Mr.  Stevens 
practiced  his  profession  with  great  success,  not  only  in  Lancaster  but  the  neighboring  counties, 
and  never  entirely  abandoned  it,  even  amid  the  important  duties  of  his  active  career  in  the 
House.  In  Congress,  he  wrought  out  for  himself  a  lasting  reputation.  Neither  the  Thirty-first 
nor  the  Thirty-second  Congress  was  concerned  with  measures  to  give  a  new  member  of  the 
House  particular  prominence  before  the  country ;  but  in  the  interval  that  elapsed  between  the 
Thirty-second  and  the  Thirty-sixth,  grave  issues  had  been  sprung  upon  the  people,  and  on  his 
return  to  Congress  in  1859,  Mr.  Stevens  at  once  took  a  prominent  position.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  important  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means  during  three  terms,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Reconstruction  of  the  Thirty-ninth  and  Fortieth  Congress.  He  also  served  on 
other  committees,  his  last  important  position  being  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Managers  on  the 
part  of  the  House  in  the  impeachment  of  President  Johnson  before  the  Senate.  He  framed 
the  eleventh  article  of  impeachment,  and  prepared  an  argument  in  favor  of  Mr.  Johnson's 
conviction,  based  upon  it.  His  health  had  long  been  seriously  impaired  so  that  it  was 
often  necessary  to  assist  him  from  his  carriage  to  his  seat  in  the  House,  but  he  still  kept  about 
his  active  duties,  both  in  and  out  of  Congress,  and  his  last  public  act  of  any  significance  was 
an  attempt  to  read  his  impeachment  argument  before  the  Senate.  He,  however,  proved  too 
weak  for  the  task.  He  originated  some  of  the  most  important  measures  which  have  engaged 
the  attention  of  Congress  during  the  last  few  years.  On  the  8th  of  December,  1862,  he  intro 
duced  into  theHouse  a  bill  to  indemnify  the  President  and  other  persons  for  suspending  the 
privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  which  was  passed.  Mr.  Stevens  was  always  a  decided 
opponent  of  slavery.  To  secure  the  perpetuity  of  the  Proclamation  ef  Emancipation,  he  offered 
in  the  House,  on  the  28th  of  March,  1864,  a  joint  resolution  abolishing  slavery,  but  it  was  laid 
aside  in  favor  of  a  resolution  of  similar  import  previously  offered  in  the  Senate  by  Mr.  Trum- 
bull.  On  the  27th  of  January,  1863,  and  a  year  before  the  adoption  of  a  similar  measure,  Mr. 
Stevens  offered  a  bill  for  the  enlistment  of  negroes  as  soldiers,  and  he  was  always  earnestly  in 
favor  of  universal  suffrage.  As  early  as  1838,  he  refused  to  append  his  name  to  the  present 
constitution  of  Pennsylvania,  framed  by  a  convention  of  which  he  was  a  member,  because  it 
contained  the  word  white  as  applied  to  citizens.  In  nearly  every  measure  of  public  importance, 
as  confiscation,  taxation,  and  the  national  finances,  Mr.  Stevens  'held  what  are  generally  con 
sidered  extreme  views.  He  was  opposed  to  showing  leniency  toward  the  men  who  were  en 
gaged  in  rebellion  against  their  government,  but  proposed  holding  their  states  in  the  condition 
of  territories,  and  confiscating  their  lands  to  provide  for  the  loyal  population  and  assist  in  pay 
ing  the  national  debt.  He  would  have  taxed  government  bonds,  and  desired  their  payment  in. 
"greenbacks"  instead  of  gold.  The  Reconstruction  policy  of  Congress  was  mostly  his  work, 
but  the  various  measures  for  the  restoration  of  the  Southern  states  were  tempered  to  meet  the 
yiews  of  men  of  more  conservative  tendencies. 


798  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Stockton,  Thomas  Hewlings,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Methodist  Protestant 
Church,  born  in  1808,  and  died  at  Philadelphia,  October  9,  aged  60  years.  Dr.  Stockton  was  in 
the  ministry  of  his  church  for  nearly  forty  years,  and  was  for  several  terms  chaplain  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  He  enjoyed  the  reputation  of  being  a  speaker  of  great  power  and 
eloquence,  and  was  also  well  known  as  a  writer.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  editor  of  The 
Christian  World  and  The  Bible  Times,  papers  of  his  denomination,  but  resigned  their  charge 
because  he  was  not  permitted  to  use  these  journals  to  combat  slavery.  He  published  several 
volumes  of  sermons  and  poems,  compiled  the  Methodist  Protestant  Hymn-book,  and  prepared 
a  new  edition  of  the  New  Testament.  He  manifested  a  deep  interest  in  all  the  social  and  reli 
gious  questions  of  the  time,  and  contributed  to  whatever  he  believed  to  be  genuine  progress, 
both  by  his  power  as  a  writer,  and  his  eloquence  as  a  preacher.  During  the  latter  years  of  his 
life  he  had  charge  of  the  Church  of  the  New  Testament,  in  Philadelphia,  but  his  failing  health 
often  prevented  him  from  officiating  in  his  pulpit. 

Stohlmann,  Charles  F.  E.,  D.  D.,  an  American  clergyman  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  born 
about  1810,  and  died  in  New  York  City,  May  3,  aged  58  years.  Dr.  Stohlmann  became  pastor 
of  St.  Mathew's  German  Lutheran  Church  in  New  York,  in  1838,  and  continued  in  that  relation 
until  his  death.  He  was  eminent  as  a  preacher,  and  very  successful  in  building  up  his  denomi 
nation  in  New  York. 

Stoughton,  Edward  H.,  an  American  general,  died  in  Boston,  December  25.  He -was 
graduated  at  West  Point,  in  1859,  and  served  in  New  Mexico  for  two  years,  but  resigned  in  1861. 
In  the  summer  of  that  year  he  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  4th  Vermont  Volunteers,  with 
which  he  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  afterward  made  a  Brigadier-General  of 
Volunteers,  and  while  in  command  of  the  2d  Vermont  Brigade,  he  was  captured  by  Mosby,  the 
guerrilla,  in  a  night  raid  upon  his  camp.  He  was  confined  for  some  time  in  Libby  Prison,  but 
resigned  from  the  army  immediately  upon  his  release.  He  then  began  the  practice  of  the  law 
in  New  York  City,  but  impaired  health  compelled  him  to  relinquish  the  profession,  and  he  re 
tired  to  Boston. 

Theodorus,  King  of  Abyssinia,  killed  in  battle  with  the  British  troops  under  Gen.  Napier, 
before  Magdala,  April  13,  was  born  of  humble  parentage,  in  Quard,  on  the  borders  of  Western 
Amhara,  about  1821,  and  was  educated  in  a  convent,  where  he  had  been  placed  under  restraint 
by  his  mother.  His  original  name  was  Dejajmatch  Kasai.  Escaping  from  the  convent  to  his 
uncle,  Dejatch  Comfu,  a  noted  rebel,  he  imbibed  a  taste  for  manly  sports  and  military  pursuits. 
Naturally  ambitious  and  politic,  he  obtained  authority  among  the  chiefs  of  Abyssinia,  and  his 
power  continued  to  increase  at  the  expense  of  the  other  "Ras"  or  chiefs,  until  he  felt  himself 
strong  enough  to  claim  the  throne.  In  1853,  he  defeated  his  father-in-law,  Ras  Ali,  in  battle, 
and  took  him  prisoner,  and  in  1855,  was  crowned  as  King  of  Abyssinia,  by  Abnna  Salama,  the 
head  of  the  Church.  His  reign  soon  proved  the  most  effective  Abyssinia  had  ever  had.  When 
he  first  came  into  power  he  felt  the  necessity  of  maintaining  friendly  relations  with  Great  Brit 
ain,  on  account  of  the  Indian  possessions  of  the  English,  and  their  foothold  in  Aden.  A  treaty 
had  been  made  between  Great  Britain  and  Abyssinia,  in  1849,  and  ratified  in  1852,  by  which  it 
was  agreed  that  each  country  should  be  represented  at  the  court  of  the  other  by  an  embassador. 
In  18(53,  The6dorus  wrote  an  autograph  letter  to  Queen  Victoria,  asking  permission  to  send  an 
embassy  to  London,  but  the  letter  remained  unanswered,  and  the  embassy  was  not  sent.  Nei 
ther  did  the  English  have  a  regularly  accredited  agent  in  Abyssinia,  but  Mr.  Plowden,  who  had 
long  been  consul  at  Massawah,  went  to  that  country  about  the  time  of  Theodore's  accession  with 
presents  to  the  persons  in  authority,  and  succeeded  in  gaining  the  favor  of  tbe  king.  Mr. 
Plowden,  unfortunately,  was  killed,  and  his  successor,  Mr.  Cameron,  reached  Abyssinia  in  1802. 
About  this  time,  Mr.  Stern,  an  English  missionary,  wrote  a  book,  in  which  he  reflected  upon 
the  character  of  the  king,  and  accused  him  of  great  cruelty,  in  flogging  two  interpreters  to 
death.  Enraged  at  these  animadversions,  and  perhaps  piqued  at  the  neglect  betrayed  by  the 
unanswered  letter,  King  Theodore,  about  the  beginning  of  1864,  sent  a  force  to  the  missionary 
station,  seized  the  missionaries,  and  put  them  in  chains.  He  also  seized  Mr.  Cameron,  and 
kept  him  constantly  chained  to  an  Abyssinian  soldier.  These  outrages  produced  great  excite 
ment  in  England.  The  British  Government  at  first  tried  to  eflect  the  release  of  the  prisoners 
by  diplomacy,  and  Mr.  Rassam,  an  Asiatic,  was  sent  to  the  King  early  in  1866,  for  that  purpose. 
Theodorus  agreed  to  the  release  of  his  captives ;  but  when  Mr.  Rassam  sought  to  depart,  he 
was  also  detained.  The  King  then  wrote  another  letter  to  the  Queen,  in  which  he  attributed 
Mr.  Rassam's  detention  to  a  desire  to  consult  with  him  on  the  relations  of  the  two  countries, 
and  the  bearer  of  this  letter  carried  one  from  Mr.  Rassam  also,  requesting  that  some  English 
artisans  should  be  sent  to  Abyssinia.  The  English  Government  engaged  these,  and  having  sent 
them  to  the  coast  of  Abyssinia,  notified  the  King  that  they  would  enter  his  service  if  the  cap- 


1809.]  OBITUARIES.  799 

tives  were  released.  This  not  being  done,  the  artizans  returned  to  England.  After  exhausting 
all  diplomatic  resources,  the  English  Government,  in  1867,  declared  war  against  Theodore.  The 
first  troops  made  their  appearance  in  the  country  in  October,  1867,  but  it  was  not  until  the  be 
ginning  of  the  next  year  that  the  whole  army  arrived.  The  troops  were  under  the  command 
of  Sir  Robert,  now  Lord  Napier,  then  commanding  at  Bombay,  and  were  either  natives  of  India, 
or  English  soldiers  long  accustomed  to  the  climate  of  the  East.  The  distance  from  the  landing 
place  to  Magdala,  the  capital  of  Theodore,  is  about  300  miles.  The  English  had  to  overcome 
great  difficulties  upon  the  march,  and  were  continually  watched  and  harrassed  by  the  forces  of 
the  King ;  but  it  was  not  until  they  had  reached  Magdala,  that  Theodore  risked  a  battle.  Here 
he  made  a  stand,  however,  and  fought  bravely  for  his  crown,  but  he  was  defeated  and  slain,  and 
his  capital  captured  by  the  English. 

Thompson,  Waddy,  a  member  of  Congress  from  South  Carolina,  born  in  Pickensville,  in 
that  State,  September  8,  179S,  and  died  at  Tallahassee,  Florida,  November  %3,  aged  70  years. 
He  graduated  at  the  South  Carolina  College,  in  1814,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819.  Mr. 
Thompson  served  in  the  South  Carolina  Legislature,  and  was  at  one  time  Solicitor  for  the 
Western  Circuit  of  that  State.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1835  to  1841,  and  in 
1842,  was  appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Mexico.  He  also  served  as  a  Presidential 
elector,  and  attained  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General  of  the  South  Carolina  militia. 

Tod,  David,  ex-Governor  of  Ohio,  born  at  Youngstown,  Mahoning  County,  February  21, 
1805,  and  died  November  13,  aged  64  years.  Mr.  Tod  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1827.  In  1844,  he  was  the  democratic  candidate  for  Governor,  but  was  beaten  by  a  small  ma 
jority.  He  was  appointed  Minister  to  Brazil,  by  President  Polk,  in  1847,  and  represented  the 
United  States  at  that  court  until  1852.  He  continued  to  act  with  the  Democratic  party  until 
1860,  when  he  was  a  member  of  the  Charleston  Convention,  and  one  of  the  strongest  supporters 
of  Mr.  Douglas.  After  the  withdrawal  of  the  Southern  wing  of  the  party  at  Baltimore,  headed 
by  the  President  of  the  Convention,  Caleb  Gushing  of  Massachusetts,  Mr.  Tod  became  presiding 
officer  by  virtue  of  being  the  First  Vice  President  of  that  body.  He  was  a  strong  advocate  of 
"Peace  measures,"  both  before  and  after  the  "Peace  Congress"  held  at  Washington  previous 
to  the  civil  wai%  but  after  the  beginning  of  hostilities  was  an  active  war  man.  In  1861,  he  was 
the  candidate  of  the  Republicans  and  war  Democrats  for  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  was  elected  by 
over  55,000  majority. 

Tracy,  Andrew,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Vermont,  died  at  Woodstock,  October  28, 
aged  70  years.  He  was  educated  for  the  law,  and  became  eminent  in  his  profession.  Mr.  Tracy 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  1853  to  1855,  and  he  was  for  ten  years  a  member  of  both 
branches  of  the  Vermont  Legislature.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  Assembly  from  1842  to  1845. 

Vassar,  Matthew,  founder  of  Vassar  college,  bom  in  Norfolk,  England,  in  1792,  and  died 
at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  June  23,  aged  76  years.  His  father  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1796  and  settled  near  Poughkeepsie,  where  he  engaged  in  the  occupation  of  a  brewer,  which 
was  also  the  business  of  the  son.  By  steady  industry,  Mr.  Vassar  acquired  a  large  fortune. 
In  1861,  he  gave  $408,000  for  founding  the  Vassar  Female  college,  accompanying  the  gift  with  a 
statement  of  his  wishes.  It  was  his  purpose  to  offer  young  women  the  highest  educational 
facilities  at  a  moderate  charge,  but  to  admit  as  beneficiaries  those  who  could  not  defray  the  ex 
pense.  The  college  has  been  in  successful  operation  for  a  number  of  years.  It  was  Mr.  Vassar' s 
custom  to  read  an  address  to  the  Trustees  of  the  College  at  their  annual  meeting,  and  while  en 
gaged  in  this  duty,  he  sunk  back  in  his  chair  and  suddenly  expired. 

Vaughan,  Robert,  D.D.,  an  English  dissenting  minister,  born  in  1795,  and  died  in  London, 
June  20,  aged  73  years.  Dr.  Vaughan  was  self-educated,  and  entered  the  Congregational  minis 
try  early  in  life.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  Worcester,  where  he  labored  for  six  years,  and  then 
became  minister  of  the  chapel  at  Kensington,  and  Professor  of  History  in  the  University  of  Lon 
don.  He  published  his  "  Life  of  Wickliffe  "  in  1828,  and  "  Memorials  of  the  Stuart  Dynasty"  in 
1834,  and  in  the  next  few  years  he  produced  a  number  of  other  volumes,  mostly  of  a  religious 
character,  which  recommended  him  to  the  committee  of  the  Lancashire  Independent  college  at 
Manchester,  seeking  a  president  for  that  institution.  He  was  chosen  to  the  position  in  1843, 
and  filled  it  for  fourteen  years,  when  he  retired  to  devote  himself  more  exclusively  to  literary 
pursuits.  He  also  held  a  pastorate  at  Uxbridge  for  a  short  time.  Dr.  Vaughan  was  the  founder 
and  editor  of  the  British  Quarterly  Review.  Among  the  books  of  his  later  years  were  his 
"Memorial  of  English  Non-conformity,"  and  "Revolutions  in  English  History,"  a  treatise  on 
Ritualism,  a  volume  of  Family  Prayers,  and  other  works.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  Dr.  Vaughan 
held  a  pastorate  at  Torquay,  where  he  had  removed  in  the  autumn  of  1867.  He  had  the  reputa 
tion  of  being  a  man  of  great  learning,  and  his  sermons,  won  him  the  respect  of  circles  where 
Congregationalism  had  been  unknown  or  despised. 


800  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [18C9. 

Walewski,  (Comte  de),  Florian  Alexander  Joseph  Colona,  a  French  statesman, 
born  May  4,  1810,  and  died  September  27,  aged  58  years.  He  was  reputed  the  natural  son  of  the 
Emperor  Napoleon  I.  by  a  noble  Polish  lady  of  great  beauty.  Count  Walewski  was  educated  at 
Geneva,  and  in  early  life  devoted  his  exertions  to  the  cause  of  Poland,  but  afterward  escaped  to 
France  against  the  consent  of  the  Grand  Duke  Constantine.  After  the  revolution  of  July,  1830, 
he  entered  the  French  army  and  rose  to  a  captaincy.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  editors 
of  the  Messager  newspaper,  wrote  a  number  of  political  pamphlets,  and  produced  several  plays, 
but  without  much  success.  In  1840,  he  was  sent  on  a  mission  to  Egypt  by  M.  liners,  and 
was  Minister  to  Buenos  Ayres  under  the  ministry  of  M.  Guizot.  He  was  in  the  latter  country 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution  of  1848,  and  on  his  return  to  Paris  was  sent  by  President 
Louis  Napoleon  as  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  Florence  and  afterward  to  Naples,  and  in  1854, 
he  was  appointed  Ambassador  to  England.  Count  Walewski  was  recalled  in  May,  1855,  to  be 
come  Minister  fof  Foreign  Affairs,  and  presided  over  the  Conference  at  Paris  in  the  spring  of 
1856,  which  met  to  conclude  a  treaty  of  peace  with  Russia.  He  was  succeeded  in  1859  by  M. 
Thouvenel,  and  became  Minister  of  State,  in  place  of  M.  Fould.  He  resigned  in  1803  in  conse 
quence  of  his  warm  sympathies  with  the  insurrection  of  Poland.  From  September,  1805,  to 
March,  1807,  he  was  President  of  the  Corps  Legislatif,  was  made  a  Senator  in  April,  1855,  and  a 
Grand  Officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  in  1852.  Count  Walewski  was  twice  married. 

Wells,  Samuel,  Governor  of  Maine  from  1856  to  1857,  and  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  that  State,  died  at  Boston,  July  15. 

Whittlesey,  Thomas  T.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Connecticut  from  1836  to  1839,  born 
in  that  State,  and  died  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  September  1,  aged  70  years.  Mr.  Whittlesey 
graduated  at  Yale  college  in  1817.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  of  Wisconsin  in  1852, 
having  removed  to  Madison  in  that  State  some  time  previously. 

"Wick,  William  W.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Indiana,  born  at  Canonsburg,  Pennsyl 
vania,  February  23, 1796,  and  died  at  Indianapolis,  May  19,  aged  72  years.  He  received  a  classi 
cal  education,  and  adopted  the  law  as  a  profession.  After  pursuing  his  studies  with  the  Hon. 
Thomas  Corwin,  he  located  for  practice  in  Fayette  county,  Indiana,  in  1820.  In  1822  he  was 
chosen  President  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit,  became  Secretary  of  State  i»  1825,  and  in 
1829  Attorney  for  the  State  in  the  same  Circuit  where  he  had  been  President  Judge.  Mr.  Wick 
was  again  elected  President  Judge  in  1831  and  in  1850,  serving  each  time  the  term  of  three  years. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  in  1839^11  and  1845-49.  In  1855  he  became  Postmaster  of 
Indianapolis,  but  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  1857. 

Wilmot,  David,  an  American  statesman,  born  at  Bethany,  Wayne  county,  Pa.,  Jan.  20, 1814, 
and  died  at  Towauda,  March  16,  aged  54  years.  Mr.  Wilmot  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Wilkes- 
barre  in  1834.  He  was  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  Pennsylvania  from  1845  to  1851.  He 
was  author  of  the  proposition  in  the  bill  empowering  President  Polk  to  negotiate  peace  with 
Mexico,  which  declared  that  slavery  should  be  forever  forbidden  in  the  territory  acquired  by  the 
United  States.  This  amendment  was  not  adopted,  but  became  recognized  as  the  line  of  demar 
cation  dividing  parties  on  the  slavery  question.  In  1848,  Mr.  Wilmot  supported  Martin  Van 
Buren  for  the  Presidency  on  the  Free  Soil  ticket.  He  was  elected  President  Judge  of  the  Thir 
teenth  Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1851.  He  resigned  in  1854,  but  was  re-elected, 
holding  the  office  from  1855  to  1861.  He  was  twice  a  candidate  for  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  in  1801  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States.  In  1803,  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Claims  by  President  Lincoln,  and  held  the  position  until  his  death. 

Wilson,  James,  a  member  of  Congress  from  1823  to  1829,  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Pennsylvania,  April  28,  1779,  and  died  at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  in  July.  From  1811  to  1822  he  was  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace.  In  Congress  he  served  chiefly  on  the  Committee  of  Claims.  After  return 
ing  to  private  life,  he  was  again  elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  the  duties  of  which  office  he 
continued  to  fill  until  1859. 

Woodruff,  John,  a  member  of  Congress  from  the  Second  Connecticut  District  from  ia55 
to  1857  and  1859  to  1801,  born  at  Hartford,  March  20,  1809,  and  died  at  New  Haven,  May  20,  aged 
59  years.  Mr.  Woodruff  was  a  member  of  the  Connecticut  Legislature  in  1854,  and  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue  from  1802  to  1868. 

Wortendyke,  Jacob  B.,  a  member  of  Congress  from  New  Jersey,  born  at  Chestnut  Ridge 
in  Bergen  county,  November  27, 1818,  and  died  at  Jersey  City,  November  7,  aged  50  years.  He 
was  educated  at  Rutger's  college,  where  he  graduated  in  1839.  For  several  years  afterward  he 
was  engaged  in  teaching,  but  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852.  He  pursued  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Jersey  City,  where  he  was  elected  an  alderman.  He  represented 
his  district  in  Congress  from  1857  to  1859. 


APPENDIX. 


THE  following  amendment  to  the  Constitution  has  been  proposed  by  Con-, 
gress,  having  passed 'the  House  of  Representatives  on  the  25th  of  February, 
by  a  vote  of  143  to  43,  and  the  Senate  on  the  26th,  by  a  vote  of  39  to  13 : 

ARTICLE  XV.  I.  The  right  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or 
abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  state,  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition 
of  servitude. 

II.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

It  was  ratified  by  the  Kansas  Legislature,  February  27  ;  by  the  Louisiana, 
Missouri,  and  Nevada  Legislatures,  March  1 ;  by  the  Illinois,  Michigan,  and 
Wisconsin  Legislatures,  March  5 ;  by  the  Maine  Legislature,  March  11 ;  and 
by  the  Legislature  of  Arkansas,  March  15. 

General  Ulysses  S.  Grant  was  inaugurated  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  Schuyler  Colfax,  Vice  President,  on  the  4th  of  March,  1869.  On  the 
5th,  the  following  persons  were  nominated  to  the  Cabinet  by  President 
Grant,  and  were  confirmed  by  the  Senate : 

Secretary  of  State ELIHU  B.  WASHBURNE Illinois. 

Secretary  of  the  Treamry ALEXANDER  T.  STEWART New  York. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy ADOLPH  E.  BORIE Pennsylvania. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior JACOB  D.  Cox Ohio. 

Postmaster  General JOHN  A.  J.  CRESWELL Maryland. 

Attorney  General EBEN  ROCKWOOD  HOAR Massachusetts. 

Mr.  Stewart,  Mr.  Washburne,  and  Gen.  Schofield,  Secretary  of  War,  hav 
ing  resigned,  the  President,  on  the  llth  of  March,  nominated  Hamilton  Fish, 
Secretary  of  State ;  George  S.  Boutwell,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  Gen. 
John  A.  Rawlins,  Secretary  of  War.  The  nominations  were  immediately 
confirmed  by  the  Senate,  and  the  Executive  Department  was  fully  organized, 
as  follows : 

EXECUTIVE. 

President,  -        -        ULYSSES  S.  GRANT,         -        -        Illinois. 

Vice  President,       -        -    SCHUYLER  COLFAX,     -  Indiana. 

THE  CABINET. 

Secretary  of  State HAMILTON  FISH New  York. 

Seo-etary  of  the  Treasury GEORGE  S.  BOUTWELL Massachusetts. 

Secretary  of  War JOHN  A.  RAWLINS Illinois. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy ADOLPH  E.  BORIE Pennsylvania. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior JACOB  D.  Cox Ohio. 

Postmaster  General JOHN  A.  J.  CRESWELL Maryland. 

Attorney  General EBEN  ROCKWOOD  HOAR Massachusetts. 

51  801 


802  THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

MILITARY  DEPARTMENTS  AND  DISTRICTS. 

The  following  military  nominations  were  made  by  the  President,  and  con 
firmed  by  the  Senate  on  the  5th  of  March : 

Lieutenant  General  W.  T.  Sherman  to  be  General  of  the  army;  Major  General  P.  II.  Sheridan 
to  be  Lieutenant  General,  vice  Sherman,  promoted ;  Brigadier  General  J.  M.  Schofield  to  be 
Major  General,  vice  Sheridan,  promoted  ;  Colonel  Christopher  C.  Auger  to  be  Brigadier  General, 
vice  Schofield,  promoted. 

The  following  changes  in  the  command  of  the  Military  Departments  and 
Districts  were  made  in  accordance  with  an  order  issued  from  the  Army  Head 
quarters  on  March  5 : 

Brigadier  and  Brevet  Major  General  A.  H.  Terry  wa%  assigned  to  the  Department  of  the  South. 

Major  General  George  G.  Meade  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  military  Division  of 
the  Atlantic,  headquarters  at  Philadelphia. 

Lieut.  General  P.  H.  Sheridan  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  Louisiana. 

Major  General  W.  S.  Hancock  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  Dakota. 

Brigadier  and  Brevet  Major  General  E.  R.  S.  Canby  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  First 
Military  District. 

Brevet  Major  General  J.  J.  Reynolds,  Colonel  of  the  26th  Infantry,  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  Fifth  Military  District, 

By  another  order,  issued  on  the  16th  of  March,  the  following  additional 
changes  were  made : 

Lieut.  General  P.  H.  Sheridan  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Military  Division  of 
Missouri. 

Major  General  II.  W.  Halleck  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Military  Division  of  the 
South,  to  be  composed  of  the  Departments  of  the  South,  Louisiana,  the  Fourth  Military  Dis 
trict,  and  the  States  composing  the  present  Department  of  the  Cumberland ;  head-quarters  at 
Louisville. 

Major  General  George  H.  Thomas  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Military  Division  of 
the  Pacific. 

Major  General  J.  M.  Schofield  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Departmentof  the  Mis 
souri  ;  Illinois,  and  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  were  transferred  to  this  Department. 

Brigadier  and  Brevet  Major  General  O.  O.  Howard  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  De 
partment  of  Louisiana. 

The  Department  of  Washington  was  discontinued,  and  merged  in  the  Department  of  the 
East.  The  First  Military  District  was  added  to  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic.  (See 
page  124). 

FORTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. — STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Foreign  Relations.  Messrs.  Sumner  (chairman),  Fessenden,  Cameron,  Harlan,  Morton,  Pat 
terson,  and  Casserly. 

Commerce.  Messrs.  Chandler  (chairman),  Corbett,  Kellogg,  Spencer,  Conkling,  Buckingham, 
and  Vickers. 

Finances.  Messrs.  Sherman  (chairman),  Williams,  Cattell,  Morrill,  Warner,  Fenton,  and 
Bayard. 

Manufactures.    Messrs.  Morton  (chairman),  Yates,  Robertson,  Boreman,  and  McDonald. 

Agriculture.    Messrs.  Cameron  (chairman),  Robertson,  Tipton,  Gilbert,  and  McCreery. 

Appropriations.  Messrs.  Fesseudeu  (chairman),  Grimes,  Wilson,  Cole,  Sprague,  Sawyer,  and 
Stockton. 

Military  Affairs.  Messrs.  Wilson  (chairman),  Howard,  Cameron,  Morton,  Thayei; ,  Abbott, 
and  Schurz. 

Naval  Affairs.    Messrs.  Grimes  (chairman),  Anthony,  Cragin,  Nye?  Drake,  Scott,  and  Stockton. 

Judiciary.  Messrs.  Trumbull  (chairman),  Stewart,  Edmunds,  Conkling,  Rice,  Carpenter,  and 
Thurman. 

Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  Messrs.  Ramsey  (chairman),  Pomeroy,  McDonald,  Harlan,  Cole, 
Gilbert,  and  Thurman. 

Public  Lands.  Messrs.  Pomeroy  (chairman),  Williams  Tipton,  Osborn,  Warner,  Sprague, 
aad'Caeeedy, 


1869.]  APPENDIX.  803 

Private  Land  Claims.    Messrs.  Williams  (chairman),  Ferry,  Sawyer,  Kellogg,  and  Bayard. 

Indian  Affairs.  Messrs,  llarlan  (chairman),  Ross,  Corbett,  Thayor,  Buckingham,  Pool,  and 
Davis. 

Pensions.  Messrs.  Edmunds  (chairman),  Tipton,  Spencer,  Pratt,  Browiilow,  Schurz,  and 
McCreery. 

Revolutionary  Claims.    Messrs.  Yates  (chairman),  Pool,  Fowler,  Brownlow,  and  Saulsbury. 

Claims.    Messrs.  Howe  (chairman),  Willey,  Scott,  Sprague,  Robertson,  Pratt,  and  Davis. 

District  of  Columbia.  Messrs.  Hamlm  (chairman),  Patterson,  Sunnier,  Rice,  Harris,  Pratt, 
and  Vickers. 

Patents.    Messrs.  Willey  (chairman),  Ferry,  Carpenter,  Osborn,  and  Norton. 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  Messrs.  Morrill  (chairman),  Trumbull,  Ferry,  Cole,  and 
Stockton. 

Territories.  Messrs.  Nye  (chairman),  Cragin,  McDonald,  Schurz,  Howard,  Boreman,  and 
McCreery. 

Pacific  Railroad.  Messrs.  Howard  (chairman),  Sherman,  Ramsey,  Stewart,  Wilson,  Harlan, 
Drake,  Rice,  Abbott,  Feuton,  and  Scott. 

Mines  and  Mining.  Messrs.  Stewart  (chairman),  Chandler,  Anthony,  Yates,  Ross,  Saulsbury 
and  Fowler. 

Revision  of  the  Laws  of  the  United  States.  Messrs.  Conkling  (chairman),  Sumner,  Carpenter, 
Pool,  and  Bayard. 

To  Audit  and  Control  the  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate.  Messrs.  Cragin  (chairman),  Ed 
munds,  and  Davis. 

Printing.    Messrs.  Anthony  (chairman),  Harris,  and  Casscrly. 

Library.    Messrs.  Cattell  (chairman),  Howe,  and  Fessenden. 

Enrolled  Bills.    Messrs.  Thayer  (chairman),  Patterson,  and  Abbott. 

Engrossed  Bills.    Messrs.  Ross  (chairman),  Buckingham,  and  Norton. 

Education.    Messrs.  Drake  (chairman),  Morrill,  Pomeroy,  Sawyer,  and  Corbett. 

COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOUSE. 

Ways  and  Means.  Messrs.  Schenck  (chairman),  Hooper,  Allison,  Maynard,  Kelley,  Brooks, 
Blair,  McCarthy,  and  Marshall. 

Appropriations.  Messrs.  Dawes  (chairman),  Beaman,  Kelsey,  Washburn,  (Wis.),  Lawrence, 
(Ohio).  Sargent,  Dickey,  Niblack,  and  Beck. 

Banking  and  Currency.  Messrs.  Garfleld  (chairman),  Lynch,  Judd,  Coburn,  Smith,  (Vt.), 
Packer,  (Penn.),  Lash,  Cox,  and  Jones,  (Ky.) 

Judiciary.  Messrs.  Bingham  (chairman),  Davis,  (N.  Y.),  Butler,  (Mass.),  Cook,  Peters,  Mer- 
cur,  Loughridge,  Eldridge,  and  Kerr. 

Claims.  Messrs.  Washburne  (Mass.),  (chairman),  Hotchkiss,  Holman,  Cobb,  Stokes,  Ela, 
Dockery,  Stiles,  and  Moore. 

Reconstruction.  Messrs.  Butler  (Mass.),  (chairman),  Farnsworth,  Beaman,  Paine,  Ward,  (N. 
Y.),  Julian,  Poland,  Whittemore,  Beck,  Woodward,  and  Morgan. 

Foreign  Affairs.  Messrs.  Banks  (chairman),  Orth,  Judd,  Wilkinson.  Sheldon,  Willard,  Am 
bler,  Wood,  and  Swann. 

Reorganization  of  the  Civil  Service.  Messrs.  Hotchkiss  (chairman),  Jenckes,  Armstrong,  May 
nard,  and  Kerr. 

On  Ninth  Census.  Messrs.  Stokes  (chairman),  Garfield,  Banks,  Allison,  Laflin,  Cullom,  Wil 
kinson,  Haldeman,  and  Schmnaker. 

Pacific  Railroad.  Messrs.  Wheeler  (chairman),  Logan,  Morrill,  (Penn.),  Van  Horn,  (Mo.), 
Hopkins,  Bufflnton,  Lynch,  Palmer,  Roots,  Van  Trump,  Voorhees,  Axtell,  and  Wilson,  (Min.) 

Commerce.  Messrs.  Dixon  (chairman),  O'Neill,  Ingersoll,  Sawyer,  Finkelnburg,  Bennett,  Con 
ger,  Holman,  and  Potter. 

Public  Land?.  Messrs.  Julian  (chairman),  Ketchum,  Townsend,  Fitch,  Hawley,  Winans, 
Smyth.  (Iowa),  Wilson,  (Min.),  and  McCormick. 

Post  Offices  and  Post  Reads.  Messrs.  Farnsworth  (chairman),  Ferry,  Hill,  Twitchell,  Boyd, 
Tyner,  Fitch,  Smith,  and  Adams. 

Manufactures.  Messrs.  Morrill  (Penn.),  (chairman),  Ames,  Sawyer,  Smith,  (Vt.),  Sanford, 
Upson,  Morrill,  (Me.),  Cleveland,  and  Rice. 

Agriculture.  Messrs.  Wilson  (Ohio),  (chairman),  Loughridge,  Fisher,  Smith,  (Tenn.),  Dyer, 
Benton,  Crebs,  Axtell  and  Reeves. 

Indian  Affairs.  Messrs  Clark  (chairman),  Van  Horn,  Shanks,  Taffe,  Bailey,  Deweese,  Arm 
strong,  Mungen,  and  Trimble. 


804  TIIE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER.  [1869. 

Territories.  Messrs.  Cullom  (chairman),  Ward,  Taffe,  Dyer,  Pomeroy,  Moore,  (Ohio),  Duval, 
Hambleton,  and  Cleveland. 

Revolutionary  Pensions.  Messrs.  Devveese  (chairman),  Willard,  Knapp,  Gilflllan,  Winans, 
Butler,  (Teiin.),  Rice,  Rogers,  and  Smith,  (Oregon.) 

Invalid  Pensions.  Messrs.  Benjamin  (chairman)  Benton,  Wilson,  (Ohio),  Hay,  Phelps,  Bowen, 
Strickland,  Bird,  and  Sweeney. 

Roads  and  Canals.  Messrs.  Ingersoll  (chairman),  Ames,  Cobb,  (N.  C.),  Smith,  (Ohio),  Pros- 
ser,  McGrevv,  Wells,  and  Winchester. 

Alines  and  Mining.  Messrs.  Ferris  (chairman),  Sargent,  Hawkins,  Strickland,  Pomeroy, 
Duval,  Roots,  Dickinson,  and  Briggs. 

Military  Affairs.  Messrs.  Logan  (chairman),  Cobb,  (Wis.),  Neglcy,  Packard,  Stoughton, 
Witcher,  Asper,  Morgan,  and  Slocum. 

Militia.  Messrs.  Shanks  (Ind.),  (chairman),  Clarke,  Smythe,  Boles,  Donley  Moore,  (Ohio), 
Trimble,  Reading,  and  Beck. 

District  of  Columbia.  Messrs.  Cook  (chairman),  Welker,  Williams,  (Ind.),  Gilfillan,  Boles, 
Hamilton,  Cowles,  Stone,  and  Knott. 

Revolutionary  Claims.  Messrs.  Boyd  (chairman),  Ambler  Prosser,  Stoughton  Witcher,  Jones, 
(N.  C.),  Negley,  Morrissey,  and  McNeeley. 

Public  Expenditures.  Messrs.  Coburn  (chairman),  Sawyer,  Wilson,  (Ohio),  Hawkins,  Knapp, 
Donley,  Jones,  (N.  C.),  Getz,  and  Ilamill. 

Private  Land  Claims.  Messrs.  Orth  (chairman),  O'Neil,  Dixon,  Welker,  Maynard,  Wash- 
burn,  (Wis.),  Swann,  Knott,  and  Potter. 

Naval  Affairs.  Messrs.  Scofield  (chairman),  Ferry,  Stevens,  Ketcham,  McCrary,  Hale,  Archer, 
and  Haight. 

Freedmen's  Affairs.  Messrs.  Dockery  (chairman),  Shanks,  (Ind.),  Bailey,  Tillman,  Hawley, 
McGrevv,  and  Moffatt. 

Education  and  Labor.  Messrs.  Arnell  (chairman),  Beatty,  Hoar,  Townsend,  Hamilton,  (Fla.), 
Burdett,  Tyner,  McNeeley,  and  Rogers. 

Revision  of  Laws.  Messrs.  Poland  (chairman),  Ferris,  Blair,  McCrary,  Hoar,  Finkelnburg, 
Upson,  Voorhees,  and  Johnson. 

Coinage,  Weights  and  Measures.  Messrs.  Heaton  (chairman),  Kelley,  Hooper,  Hill,  Davis, 
Shober,  and  Griswold. 

Patents.  Messrs.  Jenckes  (chairman),  Stevens,  Smith,  (Ohio),  Tillman,  Moore,  (111.),  John 
son,  Sanford,  Van  Auken,  and  Calkin. 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds.  Messrs.  Hopkins  (chairman),  Beatty,  Smith,  (Tenn.),  Tanner, 
and  Getz. 

Mileage.    Messrs.  Hawkins  (chairman),  Mercur,  Packard,  Stevenson,  and  Fox. 

Accounts.    Messrs.  Cake  (chairman),  Arnell,  Bufflnton,  Kelsey,  and  Golladay. 

Expenditures  in  the  State  Department.  Messrs.  Bailey  (chairman),  Hale,  Twitchell,  Styles, 
and  Archer. 

Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  Department.  Messrs.  Allison  (chairman),  WTheeler,  Lash,  Ran 
dall,  and  Briggs. 

Expenditures  in  the  War  Department.  Messrs.  Williams  (chairman),  Tanner,  Cessna,  Cobb, 
(N.  C.),  and  Burr. 

Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Department.  Messrs.  Lynch  (chairman),  Cowles,  Dickey,  Hamill, 
and  Reeves. 

Expenditures  in  the  Post  Office  Department.  Messrs.  Moore  (N.  J.),  (chairman),  Bingham, 
Hay,  Benjamin,  and  Mayham. 

Expenditures  in  the  Interior  Department.  Messrs.  Ela  (chairman),  Bennett,  Packer,  Strader, 
and  Adams. 

Expenditures  of  Public  Buildings.  Messrs.  Churchill  (chairman),  Ela,  Phelps,  Hoag,  and 
Hambleton. 

On  Rules.    The  Speaker  (chairman),  Messrs.  Banks,  Ferry,  Garfleld,  and  Brooks. 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


A. 

ABDUL- Aziz,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  590. 

ABSTRACTS  of  the  Public  Laws  of  the  United 
States,  246-254. 

ABYSSINIA,  chief  town,  598;  area  and  popula 
tion,  598 ;  antiquity,  598 ;  early  Christianity, 
598;  divisions,  598;  government  and  rulers, 
598 ;  emperor,  598. 

ABYSSINIAN  Church,  616. 

ACTS  of  Congress,  246-254. 

ADLERBERG,  Count,  Gov.  General  of  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Finland,  584. 

ADJUTANT  General's  Department,  111. 

ADOLPHUS.  Prince  of  Schaumburg-Lippe,  563. 

ADMIRAL  of  the  Navy,  132. 

AEROLITES,  14. 

AFRICA,  598 ;  divisions  and  subdivisions,  with 
area  and  population  of.  598;  description  of 
divisions,  (see  each  division) ;  religious  sta 
tistics,  612,  614,  616. 

AGRICULTURE,  department  of,  183;  commis 
sioner  of,  183 ;  statistics  of,  185 ;  progress 
of,  623. 

AGRICULTURAL,  exchanges  184;  museum,  184; 
garden,  184;  statistics,  185 ;  tables,  186;  col 
leges,  212;  land  grants,  193,  213. 

ALABAMA,  Governors  of,  61;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
71,  262;  Representatives  of  in  Congress,  74; 
collectors  of  customs  in,  97 ;  assessors  and 
collectors  of  internal  revenue,  99 ;  mail  ser 
vice  in,  155 ;  land  grants  to,  174 ;  tempera 
ture  and  rain-fall  in,  186 ;  average  yield  and 
prices  of  crops,  188;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188;  colleges  in,  196. 

Capital,  275;  area,  275;  population,  275, 
279;  settlement  of,  275 ;  admitted  into  the 
union.  275;  secession  of,  275;  reconstruc 
tion  of,  234,  248,  275;  government,  275; 
legislature,  275  ;  qualification  of  voters,  276: 
militia,  276;  judiciary,  276;  election  of 
judges,  276;  United  States  courts,  276;  Su 
preme  court,  277;  Circuit  courts,  277 ;  courts 
of  chancery,  277 ;  finances,  277 :  chief  sources 
of  revenue,  277 ;  state  debt,  277 ;  education, 
277;  state  university,  277,  278;  common 
schools,  278;  Board  of  Education,  278; 
school  fund,  278 ;  charitable  and  penal  in 
stitutions,  278;  Insane  Hospital,  278,  279; 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  279; 
wealth  and  industry,  280 ;  productions,  280 ; 
minerals,  280;  commercial  advantages,  280; 
bureau  of  industrial  resources,  2SO;  votes 
at  presidential  elections,  726. 

ALASKA  TERRITORY,  eclipse  of  the  sun  in,  13; 
extent  of,  59;  collector  of  customs,  97;  laws 
of  United  States  extended  to,  253. 

Capital,  482 ;  area,  482 ;  population,  482, 
483 ;  situation,  482 ;  exploration  of,  482  ; 
Russian-American  fur  company,  482:  ceded 
to  the  United  States,  482;  military  district, 
482 ;  boundaries,  482 ;  character  of  the  coun 
try,  482;  climate,  483;  rivers,  483;  moun 
tains,  483;  Aleutian  islands,  483;  wealth 


ALASKA  TERRITORY — 

and  industry,  483 ;  description  of  the  capital, 
483 ;  timber  and  minerals,  484 ;  fisheries.  484 ; 
furs,  484. 

ALBANIAN  race,  576. 

ALBERT,  Prince  of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, 
502. 

ALDEBARAN,  occultation  of,  19. 

ALEXANDER  II.,  Emperor  of  Russia,  582. 

ALGERIA,  capital,  599;  area,  599;  population, 
599 ;  government — military  districts,  599 ; 
expenditures,  599;  army,  599;  commerce, 
599 ;  products,  599. 

AMERICA,  area,  523;  population, 523;  compara 
tive  size,  523;  history,  523;  independent 
states  of,  523-524 ;  languages  of,  523-524 ;  re 
ligion  of.  524;  European  possessions  in, 524; 
United  States  of,  59-522,  (see  United  States)  • 
statistics  of  Christianity  in,  611 ;  Roman 
Catholic  Church  in,  613 ;  Protestant  Churches 
in,  616-622. 

ANAM,  area  and  population,  592;  divisions,  593; 
emperor,  593 ;  war-craft,  593. 

ANGLICAN  Church,  616-617. 

ANHALT,  capital,  561;  area,  561;  population, 
561 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family,  561 ; 
government,  561 ;  revenue,  expenditure  and 
debt,  561 ;  troops,  561. 

APPENDIX,  801. 

APPLICATIONS,  for  admission  to  U.  S.  Military 
Academy,  110 ;  for  admission  to  Naval  Acad 
emy,  130;  for  appointment  of  cadet  en<ri- 
neers,131;  for  pensions,  176;  for  patents,  182. 

APPOINTMENT,  of  cadets  to  Military  Academy, 
110 ;  of  cadet  engineers  in  the  Navy,  132. 

APPROPRIATIONS,  for  Freedmen's  Bureau,  126; 
to  supply  deficiencies  in  various  depart 
ments,  246,  248,  251 ;  for  U.S.  Military  Acad 
emy,  247 ;  for  Post  Office  Department,  247 ; 
consular  and  diplomatic  expenses,  247;  for 
expenses  of  Impeachment  Trial,  248;  for 
the  support  of  the  army.  248;  for  the  naval 
service,  248;  for  legislative,  executive  and 
judicial  expenses,  250;  for  sundry  civil  ex 
penses,  250;  payment  of  invalid  and  other 
pensions,  251 ;  for  the  Indian  department, 
252 ;  for  Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb,  253 ;  for  executive  expenses.  253. 

ARABIA,  area,  593 ;  population,  593;  divisions, 
593;  Muscat,  593;  manufactures,  593;  the 
Wahabces,  593 ;  holy  cities,  593. 

ARCHBISHOPRICS  and  bishoprics,  613-614. 

AREA,  of  the  United  States,  59;  (for  separate 
States  and  Territories,  see  under  each,  also  see 
different  countries  in  each  division). 

ARGENTINE  Republic,  capital,  525 ;  area,  525 ; 
population,  525;  history,  525;  classes  of 
population,  525;  immigration,  525  ;  govern 
ment,  525 ;  election  of  President  and  Vice- 
President,  525  ;  Senate,  525;  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  525 ;  revenue,  525 ;  public 
debt  and  currency,  525;  army  and  navy,  525; 
commerce,  525 ;  imports,  525 ;  chief  articles 
of  export,  525 ;  railroads,  525. 

805 


806 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


AKIZONA  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69 ;  dele 
gate  from,  76 ;  assessor  and  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue,  99 ;  mail  service  in,  156 ;  gold 
and  silver  product,  220,  221,  650. 

Capital,  484;  area,  484;  population,  484, 
485 ;  organization  of,  484 ;  government,  484 ; 
judiciary,  484  ;  Supreme  court,  484,  485  ; 
United  States  court,  485;  finances,  485;  in- 
deotedness,  485;  wealth  and  industry,  485 ; 
ruins  of  Spanish  settlements,  485-  Indian 
hostilities,  485 ;  surface,  485 ;  productions, 
485;  Colorado  river,  485 ;  climate,  485;  min 
erals,  486 ;  lumber,  486  ;  railroads,  486. 

ARKANSAS,  Governors  of,  64 ;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
71,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263 ;  collectors  of  customs  in,  97 ;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  99;  mail 
service  in,  155;  land  grants  to,  174;  pension 
ers  in,  176,  177;  temperature  and  rain-fall, 
186 ;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187  ; 
prices  of  farm  stock,  188. 

Capital,  281;  area,  281 ;  population,  281, 
284;  settlement  of,  281 ;  admitted  into  the 
union,  281 ;  ordinance  of  secession  passed, 
281 ;  reconstruction  in,  281 ;  new  constitu 
tion  adopted,  281 ;  provisions  of,  281 ;  gov 
ernment,  281;  legislature,  281 ;  qualification 
of  voters,  2S2;  judiciary,  282;  appointments 
of  judges,  282 ;  United  States  courts,  282; 
Supreme  court,  282;  circuit  courts,  282;  fi 
nances,  282;  state  debt,  283;  education,  283; 
injury  to  literary  institutions  by  the  war, 
283;  declaration  of  Gov.  Murphy,  283;  pro 
visions  of  constitution  with  regard  to  edu 
cation,  283  ;  charitable  and  penal  institutions, 
283;  Institution  for  the  blind,  283;  peniten 
tiary,  284 ;  wealth  and  industry,  284 ;  agri 
cultural  statistics  of,  284;  minerals,  284; 
value  of  property,  284 ;  Banks,  284;  votes  at 
presidential  elections,  728. 

ARMENIAN  CHURCH,  615. 

ARMY  AND  NAVY,  106. 

A-RMY  LIST,  111 ;  general  officers,  111 ;  Adjutant 
General's  Department,  111 ;  Inspector  Gen 
erals,  111 ;  Chief  Signal  Officers  of  the  Army, 
112;  Quartermaster's  department,  112;  sub 
sistence  department,  112  ;  medical  depart 
ment,  112;  pay  department,  113;  corps  of  en 
gineers,  113 ;  ordnance  department,  114-  en 
gineer  battalion,  114 ;  regiments  of  cavalry — 
1st  to  5th,  114;  6th  to  10th,  115;  regiments 
of  artillery— 1st  to  5th,  115 ;  regiments  of  in 
fantry— 1st,  115 ;  2d  to  14th,  116;  15th  to 27th, 
117;  28th  to  40th,  118;  41st  to  45th,  119;  pay 
of  the  army,  121 ;  organization  of,  122. 

ARMY  PENSIONS,  175. 

ARMORIES  AND  ARSENALS,  123. 

ARTILLERY  SCHOOL,  123. 

ARTICLES  OF  IMPEACHMENT,  227. 

ASIA,  eclipse  of  the  sun  visible  in,  12:  area  and 
population  of,  592;  civilization,  592;  Euro 
pean  possessions,  592;  governments  purely 
Asiatic,  592;  religions  of,  592;  states  and 
smaller  divisions,  592;  religious  statistics, 
611,  614,  615,  618-622. 

ASSESSORS  of  Internal  Revenue,  99. 

ASSISTANT  Adjutant  Generals,  108,  111. 

ASSISTANT  Instructors  and  Professors  in  Mili 
tary  Academy.  109;  in  Naval  Academy,  129. 

ASSOCIATE  JUSTICES,  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
62,  147. 

ASTEROIDS.  14,  47. 

ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT,  9;  eras,  9;  Jew 
ish  calendar,  9;  Jewish  year,  9;  Jewish 
months,  9;  Mohammedan  calendar,  10;  Mo 
hammedan  year,  10;  Mohammedan  months, 
10 ;  Movable  church  days,  10 ;  Cycles  of  time, 


ASTRONOMICAL  DEPARTMENT— 

10 ;  seasons,  10 ;  rising  and  setting  of  Mer 
cury,  10 ;  eclipses  for  1869, 11 ;  lunar  eclipse, 
11 ;  eclipses  of  the  sun,  12;  table  of  eclipses 
visiole  in  North  America,  14;  asteroids, 
14;  Venus  and  Mars,  15;  phases  of  Venus, 
15;  evening  stars,  15:  morning  stars,  15; 
ephemeris  of  the  principal  planets,  16; 
sun's  declination  for  Washington, 18;  eclipses 
of  Jupiter's  moons,  18;  moon's  place  or 
longitude,  19;  constellations  and  sicns  of 
the  Zodiac,  19 ;  occultations  of  Regulus  and 
Aldebaran,  19 ;  hi<rh  water — at  Boston,  20; 
at  New  York,  20;  at  Philadelphia,  21;  at 
San  Francisco,  21 ;  mean  time  of  sun-rise 
and  sun-set,  22-44 ;  length  and  increase  of 
days,  22-44  ;  moon's  phases,  23-45 ;  situation 
of  the  planets,  23-45 ;  mean  time  of  beg-in- 
ninir  and  end  of  twilight,  23-45 ;  planetary 
conjunctions,  46 ;  Saturn's  rings,  46:  sun  and 
planets,  47;  tide-table,  48;  star-table,  49; 
latitude  and  longitude,  50-58. 

ATTORNEY  General,  80 ;  duties  of,  146. 

ATTORNEY  General's  office,  146. 

ATTORNEYS  General,  62. 

AUSTRALASIA  AND  POLYNESIA,  602 ;  table  of 
area  and  population  of  divisions,  602;  for 
divisions  (*ee  each  division)  ;  religious  statis 
tics,  612,  614. 

AUSTRALIA,  568. 

AUSTRIA,  capital,  540;  area,  540,  541;  popula 
tion,  540,  541 ;  history,  540;  accession  of  the 
House  of  llapsbunr.  540;  made  an  arch 
duchy,  540 ;  constitution  proclaimed,  540 : 
races,  541 ;  cities,  541 ;  reigning  sovereign 
and  family,  541 :  list  of  sovereigns,  541 ;  gov 
ernment,  541 ;  Provincial  and  Central  Diets, 
541:  ministry  of  Austria  proper,  5-12;  con 
stitution  of  Hungary,  542;  Hungarian  min 
istry,  542";  ministry  of  the  empire,  542 ;  af 
fairs  common  to  all  parts  of  the  empire,  542 ; 
educational  establishments,  542 ;  universi 
ties,  542;  revenue  and  expenditures,  543; 
public  debt,  543 ;  army  and  navy,  543 ;  for 
tresses,  543;  imports  and  exports,  544; 
Society  of  the  Austrian  Lloyd,  544;  rail 
ways  and  telegraphs,  544. 

AVERAGE  price  of  principal  products,  187;  yield 
of,  187 ;  price  of  farm,  stock,  188. 

B. 

BADEN,  capital,  566;  area  and  population,  566: 
emigration,  566  ;  reigning  sovereign  and 
family,  566;  Legislative  Chambers,  566; 
ministry,  566 ;  'education,  566 ;  universities, 
566;  receipts,  expenditure,  and  debt,  566; 
railways,  566;  army,  566;  telegraph  lines,  566. 

BALTA,  JOSE,  president  of  Peru,  533. 

BALTIMORE,  courts  of,  360 ;  commerce  of,  303. 

BAPTISTS,  divisions  of,  617 ;  in  America,  617: 
in  Great  Britain,  618'  on  the  continent  of 
Europe,  618:  in  Asia  and  Australia,  618; 
missions  in  Burmah,  594. 

BATTLE,  LORENZO,  president  of  Uruguay.  133. 

BAVARIA,  capital,  5<>4;  area,  564;  population, 
564 ;  districts,  564 ;  emigration,  564 ;  reign- 
ing  sovereign  and  family,  56-4 ;  government, 
564 ;  Upper  and  Lower  House,  564  ;  ministry, 
565  ;  education,  561 ;  universities,  561 :  rev 
enue,  expenditures,  and  debt,  565 ;  railways, 
565;  army  and  fortresses,  565;  production 
of  beer,  mines,  &c.,  565 ;  banks,  563 ;  tele 
graph  lines  505  ;  post-office,  565. 

BELGIUM,  capital,  544 ;  area,  544 ;  population, 
544;  history,  544;  independence  established, 
544;  reigning  sovereign  and  family,  544;  gov- 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


807 


BELGIUM — 

eminent,  544;  Senate  and  Chamber  of  Rep 
resentatives,  £45 ;  ministry,  543 ;  education, 
545 ;  revenue  and  expenditure*,  545 ;  nation 
al  debt,  545 ;  army  and  navy,  545 ;  fortresses, 
545 ;  commerce,  545 ;  imports  and  exports, 
545 ;  state  railway,  545. 

BLAIR,  F.  JR.,  letter  of  acceptance  of  nomina 
tion,  273. 

BOLIVIA,  capital,  525;  area,  525;  population, 
525;  history,  525;  treaty  with  Brazil,  525; 
government.  525 ;  army,  revenue,  expendi 
tures,  imports?,  525. 

BOSTON,  high  water  at,  20;  Normal  and  train 
ing  school,  368. 

BOUNTY  Land  Warrants,  172. 

BRAZIL,  capital,  525;  area,  525;  population, 
525 ;  history,  525 ;  constituted  a  kingdom, 
525;  constitution  adopted,  525;  slaveholders, 
525 ;  suppression  of  slave-trade,  525 ;  colo 
nies,  525 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family ,52(5 ; 
government,  legislative  assembly,  520;  vot 
ing  compelled,  52(5;  new  ministry  formed, 
July  1S68.  526 ;  revenue,  expenditures,  and 
debt,  526;  paper  currency  in  circulation, 
526 ;  army  and  navy,  526 ;  commerce,  526 ; 
trade  with  United  States,  526. 

BREMEN,  area  and  population,  564 ;  Senate,  564 ; 
income,  expenditure  and  debt,  564 ;  imports 
and  exports,  564;  commercial  navy,  564; 
army,  564. 

BRIGADIER  Generals,  111-120. 

BRITISH  America,  533. 

BRITISH  India,  capital,  593 ;  area,  593 ;  popula 
tion,  593;  divisions,  593;  cities,  593;  gov 
ernment,  594;  governor-general,  594;  edu 
cation,  594 :  finances,  594 ;  revenue,  expen 
ditures,  and  debt,  594 ;  army,  594 ;  exports 
and  imports,  594 ;  railways,  post-offices  and 
telegraph  lines,  594;  arrivals  and  clearances, 
594 ;  cotton,  594. 

BRITISH  Possessions,  area,  533,  534 ;  population, 
533,534;  income,  533,  534;  expenses,  533, 
534 ;  imports  and  exports,  533,  534. 

BRUNSWICK,  capital,  561 ;  area,  561 ;  population, 
561 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family,  561 ; 
Legislative  Chamber,  561 ;  revenue,  expen 
diture  and  debt,  561 ;  army,  561 ;  mines,  561. 

BUREAU  of  Refugees,  Freedmen,  and  aban 
doned  lands,  108;  organization  of,  125;  com 
missioner  of,  125 ;  departments  of,  125.  (See 
Freedmen 's  Bureau). 

BUREAU  of  military  justice,  108,  111  ;  navy 
yards  and  docks,  128 ;  navigation,  128 ;  ord 
nance,  128;  construction  and  repair,  128; 
equipment  and  recruiting,  128;  steam-engi 
neering,  128;  provisions  and  clothing,  128; 
medicine  and  surgery,  128;  Indian  affairs, 
179 ;  officers  and  duties  of,  179 ;  of  industrial 
resources,  Alabama,  280. 

BURMAH,  capitals,  594;  area  and  population, 
594;  divisions,  594;  government,  594;  edu 
cation,  594 ;  revenue,  594 ;  missions,  594. 

c. 

CADETS,  appointment  of  to  military  academy, 
110;  qualifications  of,  110;  examination  of, 
110;  pay  of.  111. 

CADET  ENGINEERS  in  the  navy,  131 ;  number 
of,  131 ;  pay  of,  131 ;  examination  of,  131 ; 
appointment  of,  132. 

CALIFORNIA,  Governors  of,  64;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  71,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263 ;  collectors  of  customs  in,  97 ;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue  in,  99 ; 
military  department  of,  124;  mail  service 


CALIFORNIA— 

in,  155;  land  grants  to,  174;  pensioners  in, 
176,  177 ;  temperature  and  rainfall,  186 ;  av 
erage  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices 
of  tarm  stock,  188 ;  colleges  in,  1%. 

Capital,  285;  area,  285;  population,  285, 
292 ;  settlement  of,  285 ;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  285;  government,  285;  legislature, 
285 ;  qualification  of  voters,  285 ;  judiciary, 
285 ;  election  of  judges,  286 ;  United  States 
courts,  286;  Supreme  court,  286;  District 
courts,  286;  registers  in  bankruptcy,  286; 
times  and  places  for  holding  courts,  286; 
courts  in  San  Francisco,  286  ;  finances,  287  ; 
state  debt,  287 ;  education,  state  board  of, 
287 ;  school  officers,  288 ;  state  board  of  ex 
amination,  288 ;  county  and  city  boards  of 
examiners,  288;  state  diplomas,  288;  life 
diplomas,  288;  State  Normal  School,  289: 
schools  of  San  Francisco,  289;  schools  of 
Sacramento,  289;  charitable  institutions, 
290  ;  Insane  Asylum,  290 ;  Institution  for  the 
Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind,  290;  State  Reform 
School,  290 ;  State  Prison,  291 ;  wealth  and 
industry,  291 ;  soil  and  climate,  292 ;  produc 
tions,  292,  293;  fruits,  292-  vineyards,  292; 
production  of  silk,  292;  '"Big  Tree  grove," 
293;  mineral  wealth,  293,  647:  trade  and 
commerce  of  San  Francisco,  293 ;  votes  at 
Presidential  elections.  668. 

CANADA,  Dominion  of,  capital,  534 ;  area,  534 ; 
population,  534 ;  history,  534 ;  Inter-colonial 
Conference  of  Quebec,  534 ;  action  with  re 
gard  to  Confederation,  534;  government, 
534 ;  cabinet,  534 ;  Governor  General,  535 ; 
Senate  and  House  of  Assembly,  535;  army, 
535 ;  statistics  of  population,  535 ;  produc 
tions,  536. 

CANDIDATES  for  Naval  Academy,  130;  nomina 
tion  of,  130;  qualifications,  130;  appoint 
ment,  131. 

CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE,  capital,  599 ;  area,  599 ; 
population,  599 ;  nativity  of  population,  599 ; 
Governor  and  Councils,  599 ;  revenue,  ex 
penditure,  and  debt,  599 ;  imports  and  ex 
ports.  599. 

CAPITOL  at  Washington,  512. 

CAPTAINS  of  the  navy,  133,  135. 

CAUCASIAN  race,  538. 

CENTRAL  AMERICA,  history,  526;  population, 
526.  (see  each  State). 

CERNA,  VINCENT,  President  of  Guatemala, 
527. 

CEYLON,  area  and  population,  595 ;  Governor 
and  Council,  595 ;  revenue  and  expenditure, 
595 ;  imports  and  exports,  595. 

CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS,  (Me  each  State). 

CHARLES  ALEXANDER,  Grand  Duke  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  560. 

CHARLES,  King  of  Wurtemberg,  565. 

CHARLES  XV.  King  of  Sweden  and  Norway, 
586. 

CHARLES,  Prince  of  Rumania,  591. 

CHICAGO,  population  of,  323 ;  receipts  and  ship 
ments  of,  323. 

CHIEF  JUSTICES  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  147. 

CHIEF  JUSTICES  of  the  Supreme  Court,  62. 

CUILI,  capital,  527;  area,  527;  population,  527; 
history,  527;  census  report,  527;  govern 
ment,  528;  president,  528;  ministry,  528; 
Council  of  State,  528 ;  Senate  and  Chamber 
of  Deputies,  528 ;  revenue  and  expenditures, 
528 ;  debt,  528 ;  army  and  navy,  528 ;  com 
merce,  528 ;  imports  and  exports,  528 ;  ton 
nage,  528;  education,  528;  university,  528 ; 
secondary  instruction,  528. 


808 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


CHINA,  capital,  595 ;  area,  595 ;  population,  595 : 
provinces,  595 ;  sovereign,  595;  government, 
595;  boards  of  government,  595;  finances, 
595;  army,  595;  commercial  treaty  of  Nan 
king,  595  ;  table  of  exports  and  imports  of 
principal  ports,  595,  596;  movement  and  val 
ue  of  shipping,  595;  imperial  roads,  596; 
coal,  596 ;  treaties,  596. 

CHURCH  DAYS,  10. 

CHRISTIAN  IX.  King  of  Denmark,  546. 

CHRISTIANITY  in  America,  524 ;  in  Europe,  539 ; 
in  Asia,  532  :in  Abyssinia,  598 ;  in  Madagas 
car,  600 ;  in  Turkey,  609 ;  in  Africa,  609 ;  sta 
tistics  of,  610-622 ;  divisions  of— Roman  Cath 
olic  Church,  61-615;  Oriental  Churches,  610, 
615;  Protestant  Churches,  610,  616-622. 

CIRCUIT  COURTS  of  the  United  States,  147;  of 
each  State,  (see  each  State). 

CIVILIZATION  of  Europe  brought  to  America, 
523;  in  Asia.  592. 

COAL,  in  Alabama,  280 ;  in  Arkansas,  284;  in 
Illinois,  322 ;  in  Iowa,  337  ;  in  Indiana,  329; 
in  Kansas.  341 ;  in  Kentucky,  346 ;  in  Mis 
souri,  394 ;  in  Nebraska,  395 ;  in  North  Car 
olina,  426;  in  Ohio,  432;  in  Pennsylvania, 
444,  654 ;  in  Tennessee,  457 ;  in  Virginia, 
471 ;  in  West  Virginia,  475  ;  in  Alaska,  484; 
in  Colorado,  489;  in  Dakota,  492;  in  Monta 
na,  500 ;  in  New  Mexico,  501 ;  in  Washing 
ton  Territory,  507:  history  of,  653 ;  annual 
product  for  the  world,  655 ;  product  for  the 
United  States,  656.  v 

COAST  LINE  of  the  United  States,  59. 

COINAGE,  219. 

COINS,  foreign  gold  and  silver,  221 ;  of  the  Uni 
ted  States,  222. 

COLFAX,  SCHUYLER,  nominated  Vice  President, 
267 ;  letter  of  acceptance,  266 ;  inaugurated, 
801. 

COLLECTORS  of  customs  97. 

COLLECTORS  of  internal  revenue,  99. 

COLLEGES  and  collegiate  institutions  196. 

COLLEGE,  Yale,  297;  Trinity,  297;  Delaware, 
305;  St.  Mary's,  305;  Emory,  314;  Iowa  Ag 
ricultural,  333;  St.  John's,  361 ;  Dartmouth, 
404;  Princeton,  408;  Agricultural  of  New 
Jersey,  408;  Columbia,  415;  Rutger's  Fe- 
male,~415 ;  Vassar,  415 ;  Agricultural  of  Ver 
mont,  465;  of  William  and  Mary,  470;  Wash 
ington,  470;  Agricultural  of  West  Virginia, 
474.  (See  Universities). 

COLOMBIA,  United  States  of,  capital,  528;  area, 
528 ;  population,  528 ;  history,  528 ;  changes 
of  organization,  528;  independent  Indians, 
528;  government,  529;  ministry,  529;  Sen 
ate  and  Chamber  of  Representatives,  529; 
revenue  and  expenditures,  529;  debt,  529; 
army,  529;  commerce,  529;  imports  and  ex 
ports,  529 ;  arrivals,  529. 

COLONELS,  111-120. 

COLORADO  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69 ;  dele 
gate  from,  76;  assessor  and  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue.  199;  mail  service  in,  156; 
gold  and  silver  product  of,  220,  221,  605. 

Capital,  486 ;  area,  486 ;  population,  486  ; 
organization  of,  486 ;  failure  of  admission  to 
the  Union,  486:  government,  486;  change  of 
capital,  486 ;  legislature,  487 ;  judiciary,  487 ; 
Supreme  court,  487;  District  courts,  487; 
terms  of  courts,  487 ;  finances,  487 ;  sources 
of  revenue  and  disbursements,  487;  educa 
tion,  488;  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc 
tion,  488;  wealth  and  industry,  488;  agri 
cultural  lands,  488 ;  gold  and  silver  mining, 
488;  coal  and  other  minerals,  489;  statistics 
of  business  of  Denver,  489 ;  products,  489 ; 
banks,  489. 


COMMANDERS,  133, 135. 

COMMISSIONER  of  Internal  Revenue,  96;  duties 
of,  9(5;  of  Freedmen's  Bureau,  125;  of  Gen 
eral  Land  Office,  169;  of  pensions,  169, 175; 
of  patents,  169,  181,  182;  of  Indian  office, 
169, 179-,  of  agriculture,  183 ;  of  education,  190. 

COMMISSIONERS  to  establish  peace  with  Indian 
tribes,  180. 

COMMITTEES  of  the  Senate,  72,  261,  802 ;  of  the 
House,  76,  262,  803. 

COMMODORES,  132, 135. 

COMPARATIVE  TABLES,  603 ;  large  divisions  of 
the  world,  603;  political  divisions  of  the 
world,  603 ;  cities,  607. 

CONGREGATIONALISM,  in  America,  618 ;  in  Eng 
land  and  the  colonies,  618. 

CONGREGATIONALISTS,  in  America,  618;  in 
Great  Britain,  618. 

CONGRESS,  70 :  two  houses  of,  70 ;  Senate,  70 ; 
House  of  Representatives,  70;  apportion 
ment  of  members,  71 ;  fortieth  congress,  71 ; 
sessions  of,  71;  members  of,  71.  201;  com 
mittees  of,  72, 261 ;  proceedings  of,  225 ;  acts 
of,  246;  forty-first  congress,  262;  librarian 
of,  214 ;  library  of,  214. 

CONGRESSES,  list  of,  63. 

CONJUNCTIONS,  planetary,  46. 

CONNECTICUT,  Governor's  of.  64;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  71,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263 ;  collectors  of  customs  in,  97  ;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  99  ;  mail 
service  in,  155  ;  pensioners  in,  176, 177 ;  tem 
perature  and  rainfall,  186 ;  average  yield  and 
prices  of  crops,  187  ;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188 ;  colleges  in,  196. 

Capitals,  294 ;  area,  234;  population,  294, 
301;  settlement  of,  294;  government,  294; 
legislature,  294 ;  qualification  of  voters,  294 ; 
National  Guards,  294 ;  judiciary,  295  ;  Uni 
ted  States  courts,  295  ;  Supreme  Court  of 
Errors,  295;  Superior  court,  295;  State's  at 
torney,  296;  terms  of  Supreme  court,  296; 
terms  of  Superior  court,  296;  nuances,  296; 
receipts  for  civil  list  account  for  year  ending 
March  31, 1868,  298 ;  expenditures,  296 ;  state 
debt,  297;  education,  297;  colleges,  297; 
Yale  college,  297;  professional  schools,  297: 
academics  and  hiirh  schools.  29S;  State  Board 
of  Education,  298;  State  Normal  School,  298; 
teachers'  institutes,  298;  school  statistics, 
298;  charitable  institutions,  291) ;  American 
Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  299,  300; 
Retreat  for  the  Insane,  299,  300;  State  Re 
form  School,  299,  300 ;  School  for  Imbeciles, 
300,  301  ;  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Homes,  300;  in 
digent  blind,  300;  Hartford  Hospital,  301; 
State  Prison  and  Jails,  301 ;  county  jails,  301 ; 
wealth  and  industry,  301 ;  increase  in  popu 
lation,  301 ;  increase  in  value  of  property, 
302;  manufactures,  302 ;  mines,  302;  banks, 
302;  insurance,  302 ;  railroads,  302;  votes  at 
Presidential  elections,  696. 

CONSTELLATIONS  of  the  zodiac,  19. 

CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  framed, 
59 ;  basis  of  the  government,  59. 

CONSTITUTIONAL  AMENDMENT,  fourteenth,  257; 
ratification  of,  258. 

CONSULAR  branch  of  department  of  State,  80. 

CONSULAR  officers  in  foreign  countries,  82. 

CONTENTS,  5. 

CONVENTION,  postal,  with  Great  Britain,  150; 
with  Belgium,  Netherlands,  &c.,  150;  with 
Hong  Kong,  151. 

CONVENTION,  National  T?epublican  at  Chicago, 
265 ;  National  Democratic  at  New  York,  268; 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  National,  at  Chicago, 
266 ;  at  New  York,  269. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


809 


COPPER,  ni  Alabama,  280 ;  in  Connecticut,  302 ; 
in  Illinois,  :«:•$:  in  Michigan,  1381;  ii.  Mis 
souri,  .'594 ;  in  Nevada,  401 :  in  North  Caro 
lina,  42(5;  in  Wisconsin,  481;  in  Alaska,  484 
in  Arizona,  480;  in  Colorado,  489;  in  Dako 
ta,  492 ;  in  Montana,  500 ;  ill  New  Mexico, 
501 ;  history  of,  656. 

COPTS,  616. 

CORPS  OP  ENGINEERS,  113. 

COSTARICA,  capital, 527;  area, 527;  population, 
527;  government,  527;  revenue,  527;  exports 
and  imports,  527;  militia,  527. 

COTTON  exempted  from  revenue  tax,  246. 

COUNCILS,  National  and  Provincial  of  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  614. 

COURT  OP  CLAIMS,  147. 

COURTS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  147. 

COURTS  OF  THE  STATES,  (see  judicially  of  each 
State). 

CROPS,  wheat,  185 ;  corn,  185 ;  average  yield 
and  average  price,  187;  condition  ot,  189. 

CROTON  AQUEDUCT,  518. 

CUBA,  area,  537;  fertility,  537;  mines,  537; 
railroads,  537;  population,  537;  liberation 
of  slaves,  537;  government,  537;  chief  towns, 
537;  productions,  537;  population,  exports 
and  imports  of  Porto  Rico,  537. 

CURRENCY  AND  FINANCE,  630. 

CUSTOMS,  collectors  of,  97. 

CYCLES  OF  TIME,  10. 

D. 

DAKOTA  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69;  dele 
gate  from,  76 ;  assessor  and  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue,  99;  military  department  of, 
124;  mail  service  in,  156;  gold  and  silver 
product  of,  221. 

Capital,  489;  area,  489;  population,  489, 
492;  organizalion  of,  489;  government,  489 ; 
qualification  of  voters,  490 ;  militia,  490 ; 
judiciary,  490 ;  Supreme  and  District  courts, 
490;  terms  of  courts,  490;  finances,  490; 
education,  490 ;  public  school  system,  490 ; 
school  officers,  491 ;  school-buildings,  491 ; 
"Dakota  Hall,"  491  ;  teachers'  institutes, 
491 ;  school  statistics.  491 ;  wealth  and  in 
dustry,  491 ;  immigrants,  492;  Indian  hos 
tilities,  492;-  public  lands,  492;  railroads, 
492. 

DANISH  POSSESSIONS,  area,  536;  population, 
536 ;  sale  of  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John,  536 ; 
settlements  in  Greenland,  536. 

DAYS,  length  and  increase  of.  23-44. 

DEAF  MUTES,  institutions  for,  (see  each  State) ; 
methods  of  instructing  in  American  Asy 
lum,  299 ;  college  for,  513. 

DEBT  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  240,  244. 

DEBTS  op  THE  STATES,  245 ;  (see  each  State  and 
country). 

DELAWARE.  Governors  of,  65 ;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  71,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263 ;  collector  of  customs  in,  97 ;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  99 ;  mail 
service  in,  155;  pensioners  in,  177;  temper 
ature  and  rain-fall,  186;  average  yield  and 
prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188 ;  colleges  in,  196. 

Capital,  303;  area,  303;  population,  303, 
305;  settlement,  303 ;  constitution  adopted, 
303;  government,  303;  legislature,  303;  qual 
ification  of  voters,  303 ;  judiciary,  303 ;  ap 
pointment  of  judges,  304;  United  States 
courts,  304;  judges  of  state  courts,  304; 
terms  of  courts.  304;  finances,  304;  state 
debt,  304;  education,  305;  colleges,  305; 
wealth  and  industry,  305 ;  railroads,  305;  ag- 


DELAWARE — 

riculture,  305;  foreign  trade,  305;  banks, 
305;  products,  305  \  votes  at  presidential 
elections,  670. 

DEMOCRATIC  NATIONAL  CONVENTION  at  New 
York,  268. 

DENMARK,  capital,  545 ;  area,  545,  546 ;  popula 
tion,  545,546;  history,  545;  Schleswig-Hol- 
stein  wars,  546;  reigning  sovereign  and 
family,  546;  treaty  of  Vienna,  546;  govern 
ment,  546;  Diets,  546;  Iceland,  546;  minis 
try,  546;  education,  546;  revenue  and  ex 
penditures,  546 ;  public  debt,  546;  army  and 
navy,  546;  imports  and  exports,  547;  com 
mercial  marine,  547. 

DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE,  1S3;  commis 
sioner  of,  183 ;  established,  183;  business  of, 
183 ;  building  of,  183. 

DEPARTMENT  OP  EDUCATION,  190;  commis 
sioner  of,  190;  act  creating,  190;  informa 
tion  sought  by,  191 ;  modes~of  obtaining  in 
formation,  191 ;  modes  of  disseminating  in 
formation,  192;  plan  of  publication,  192; 
work  done,  or  in  progress,  193. 

DEPARTMENT  of  the  Interior,  169;  bureaus  in, 
169 ;  chief  officers  in,  169  ;  public  lands,  170 ; 
bounty  land  warrants,  172 ;  private  land 
claims,  174;  pension  office,  175;  army  pen 
sions,  175;  navy  pensions,  176;  bureau  of 
Indian  affairs,  179;  patent  office,  181. 

DEPARTMENT  of  the  Navy,  128;  bureaus  in, 
128;  chief  officers  in,  128;  United  States 
Naval  Academy,  129;  navy  list,  132;  naval 
constructors,  136  ;  vessels  of  the  United 
States  navy,  136 ;  naval  force,  138;  squad 
rons,  139;  navy  yards  and  shore  stations, 
140;  pay  of  the  navy,  141. 

DEPARTMENT  of  the  Post  Office,  (see  Post  Office 
Department). 

DEPARTMENT  of  State,  80;  diplomatic  branch, 
consular  branch,  disbursing  agent,  transla 
tor,  clerk  of  appointments  and  commissions, 
clerk  of  rolls  and  archives,  clerk  of  authen 
tications,  clerk  of  pardons  and  passports,  80 ; 
intercourse  with  foreign  nations,  81. 

DEPART^EXT  of  the  Treasury,  95;  bureaus  in, 
95;  chief  officers  in,  96;  collectors  of  cus 
toms^!;  assessors  and  collectors  of  inter 
nal  revenue,  99 ;  United  States  Coast  Survey, 
104;  Light-house  board,  105;  Light-house 
districts  and  officers,  105;  Supervising  in 
spectors  of  steamboats  and  their  districts, 
106. 

DEPARTMENT  of  War,  107;  bureaus  in,  107; 
chief  officers  in,  108;  United  States  Military 
Academy.  108;  military  divisions,  districts 
and  departments,  124;  Freedmeu's  Bureau, 
125. 

DEPOSITS  at  United  States  Mint,  219. 

DIPLOMATIC  Corps,  89. 

DISCOVERY  of  America,  523. 

DISTILLED  Spirits,  laws  respecting  tax  on,  246, 
247,  250. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,  area,  510;  population, 
510,  514;  ceded  to  the  General  Government, 
510;  present  limits,  510;  judiciary,  510;  Su 
preme  court,  147, 510 ;  District  and  Criminal 
C(  urts,  511 ;  terms  of  court,  511 ;  charitable 
institutions,  513;  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
513,  514;  Columbian  Institution  for  Deaf, 
Dumb  and  Blind,  513,  514;  U.  S.  Jail,  514; 
classification  of  population,  514;  Washing 
ton,  (see  Washington  City). 

DIVISIONS  of  the  W'orld,  in  order  of  area  and 
population,  603-605 ;  in  order  of  density  of 
population,  605, 606 ;  alphabetically  arranged, 
606,  607. 


810 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[18C9. 


DUENAS.  FRANCISCO,  president  of  San  Salva 
dor,  527. 

DUTCH  Possessions,  area  and  population,  537. 

DUTIES  levied  on  leading  articles  of  merchan 
dise,  236. 

E. 

EAST  ASIATIC  RELIGIONS,  (509. 

ECLIPSE,  of  the  moon,  11,  12;  of  the  sun,  11, 
12,  18. 

ECLIPSES,  11;  table  of,  14;  of  Jupiter's  moons, 
18. 

ECUADOR,  capital,  520  ;  area,  529 ;  population, 
529 ;  history,  529 ;  government,  529 ;  provin 
ces,  529;  revenue,  expenditures  and  debt, 
529 :  exports  and  imports,  529. 

EDUCATION,  (see  Department  of).  Journal  of, 
190,192;  in  the  several  States,  (see  wider 
Education  in  each  State  and  territory) ;  in 
Chili,  528;  in  Austria,  542;  in  Belgium,  545 ; 
in  Denmark,  540;  in  Fiance,  549';  in  Ger 
many,  402;  in  Prussia,  557;  in  Saxony,  559 ; 
in  Mecklenbnrg-Schwerin,  559;  in  Bavaria, 
565;  in  Wnrtembere,  560;  in  Baden,  56(5;  in 
Great  Britain,  571 ;  in  Ireland,  572;  in  Scot 
land,  572;  in  Greece,  577 ;  in  Italy,  578;  in 
Portugal,  581 ;  in  Russia,  583;  in  Spain, 585; 
ill  Sweden,  587;  in  Norway,  587  ;  in  Switzer 
land,  588;  in  Turkey,  590;  in  British  India, 
594;  in  Burmah,  594;  in  Madagascar,  600. 

EDUCATIONAL  documents,  192, 193. 

EDUCATIONAL  tables,  19(5. 

EGYPT,  capital.  599;  area,  599;  population,  599 ; 
nativity  of  population,  599;  sovereign,  599; 
independence,  599 ;  ministry  and  Assembly 
of  Representatives,  599;  revenue,  expendi 
tures  and  loans,  599;  army  and  navy,  600; 
commerce,  600. 

ELECTIONS,  of  Senators,  79 ;  of  members  of 
House  of  Representatives,  79;  of  President 
and  Vice-President,  79. 

ELECTORS,  of  President  and  Vice-President,  7f\ 

ENVOYS  Extraordinary,  81. 

EPHEMEIUS  of  the  principal  planets,  16, 17. 

ERAS,  corresponding  with  1869,  9. 

ERNEST  I.,  Duke  of  Saxe-Altenburg,  561. 

ERNEST  II..  Duke  of  Baxe-Cobarg-Qotha,  561. 

ESPINOSA,  XAVIER,  president  of  Ecuador,  529. 

ESTABLISHED  Church  of  England  and  Ireland, 
617. 

EUROPE,  area,  538;  population,  538;  compara 
tive  size,  538 ;  divisions,  538 ;  increase  of 
population,  538;  races,  538,  539;  countries, 
539;  empires,  539;  States  and  rulers,  539, 
540;  statistics  of  Christianity  in,  611,  622. 

EUROPEAN  conferences,  539 ;  possessions,  372. 

EVENING  stars,  15. 

EVENTS,  record  of  for  1868.  739. 

EXAMINATION  of  Cadets  for  the  Military  Acad 
emy,  110 ;  of  applicants  to  the  Naval  Acad 
emy,  130  ;  of  cadet  engineers,  131. 

EXCHANGES,  Agricultural,  184. 

EXECUTIVE  government  of  United  States,  79. 

EXPENDITURES  of  the  U.  S.  Treasury,  237. 

EXPORTS,  of  New  York,  420,  520:  "of  Great 
Britain,  575;  of  France,  552 ;  of  Russia.  584; 
of  British  India,  594  ;  of  China,  595.  596 ;  of 
Japan,  59(5 ;  (also  see  eacii  Stale  and  country). 

F. 

FARM  stock,  price?  of,  188. 

FEE.IEE  Islands,  area  and  population,  601 :  num 
ber.  601 ;  missions,  601 ;  offers  of  cession  to 
Great  Britain,  601  ;  indemnity  to  United 
States,  601 ;  exports,  601. 


FIFTEENTH  Constitutional  Amendment,  801. 

FINANCES,  of  the  United  States,  2:35 ;  act  to 
suspend  further  reduction  of  the  currency, 
246 ;  of  individual  States,  (see  each  State  and 
Territory). 

FINANCIAL  tables,  237. 

FINLAND,  ancient  constitution,  584;  govern 
or  general,  584 ;  revenue  and  expenditure, 
584 ;  army  and  navy,  584. 

FLORIDA,  Governors  of,  65;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
71,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263;  collectors  of  customs  in,  97;  assessor 
and  collector  of  internal  revenue,  99 ;  mail 
service  in,  155;  land  grants  to,  174;  tem 
perature  and  rain-fall,  186;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crops.  187;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188;  reconstruction  of,  234,  248. 

Capital,  306;  area,  306;  population,  306, 
310 ;  ceded  to  the  United  States,  306 ;  settle 
ment,  306 ;  admitted  into  the  union,  906 ;  or 
dinance  of  secession  passed,  306 ;  repealed, 
306 ;  constitution  adopted,  306 ;  ratified,  30(5 ; 
fourteenth  amendment  ratified,  306 ;  govern 
ment,  30(5;  legislature,  306;  qualification  of 
voters,  307;  judiciary,  307  ;  appointment  of 
judges,  307;  Supreme  court,  307,  308;  Cir 
cuit  courts,  307,  308 ;  United  States  courts, 
808;  finances,  308 ;  state  debt,  309 ;  educa 
tion,  309 ;  Board  of  Education,  309 ;  com 
mon  school  fund,  309 ;  seminaries,  309 ;  char 
itable  institutions,  309;  criminals,  310; 
wealth  and  industry,  310;  emigration,  310; 
fruits,  310;  manufactures,  310;  steamboat 
and  canal  companies,  310 ;  votes  at  presiden 
tial  elections,  735.  ,  -^ 

FOREIGN  coins,  221. 

FOREIGN  consuls  in  United  States,  90. 

FOREIGN  legations  in  United  States,  89. 

FOREIGN  intercourse,  81 ;  postage,  158. 

FOURTEENTH  constitutional  amendment,  257 ; 
ratification  of,  257. 

FRANCE,  capital,  547;  area,  547;  population, 
548;— in  cities  and  departments,  547,548: 
nationality,  548  ;  reigning  sovereign  and 
family,  548;  list  of  sovereigns,  549  ;  govern 
ment,  549;  constitution,  549;  Council  of 
State,  Senate  and  Legislative  body,  549  : 
ministry,  549 ;  education,  549  ;  educational 
institutions,  549  ;  political  journals,  549  ; 
finances,  549;  expenditures,  549,  550;  rev 
enue,  550;  public  debt,  550;  army,  550;  de 
tails  of  organization,  551 ;  navy,  551  •  details 
of  organization,  552 ;  commerce,  imports 
and  exports,  552 ;  gold,  silver,  and  other 
products,  552 ;  business  of  the  Post  Oflice 
department,  552 ;  telegraph  lines  and  rail 
roads,  552 ;  banks,  553 ;  colonies,  553. 

FRANCIS  JOSEPH  I.,  Emperor  of  Austria,  and 
King  of  Hungary.  541. 

FREDERICK  FRANCIS  II.,  Grand  Duke  of  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  559. 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM  I.,  Grand  Duke  of  Mcck- 
lenburg-Strelitz,  559. 

FREDERICK  I.,  Grand  Duke  of  Baden,  566. 

FREEDMEN'S  Bureau,  125;  commissioner  of, 
125 ;  organization  of,  125 ;  appropriations 
for,  126 ;  expenditures  of,  126. 

FREEDMEN,  schools  for,  127. 

FRENCH  Possessions,  area,  537;   population, 

FRIENDS,  religious  sect  in  United  States,  618; 
in  England,  618. 

GK 

GENERAL  of  the  army,  111. 

GEORGE  I.,  King  of  the  Hellenes,  576. 

GEORGE  II.,  Duke  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  561. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


811 


GEORGE  VICTOR,  Prince  of  Waldeck,  563. 

GEORGIA,  Governors  of,  65 ;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
72, 262 ;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 263 ; 
collectors  of  customs  in,  97;  assessors  and 
collectors  of  internal  revenue  in,  99 ;  mail 
service  in,  155 ;  land  grants,  174;  temper 
ature  and  rainfall,  186;  average  yield  and 
prices  of  crops,  187;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188;  colleges,  196 :  reconstruction,  234,  248. 
Capital,  311;  area,  311;  population,  311, 
314  ;  settlement,  311 ;  constitution  ratified, 
ordinance  of  secession  adopted,  311:  re 
pealed,  311 ;  new  constitution  adopted  and 
ratified,  311 ;  government,  311 ;  legislature, 
311 ;  qualification  of  voters,  311 ;  judiciary, 
312;  Supreme  court,  312,  313  ;  Circuit  court, 
312,  313;  United  States  courts,  313;  terms 
of  courts,  313;  finances,  313;  bonded  debt, 
313;  education,  313;  colleges,  313;  univer 
sities,  313,314;  State  School  Commissioner, 
314;  educational  fund,  314;  charitable  insti 
tutions,  314;  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  314; 
penitentiary,  314 ;  wealth  and  industry,  314 ; 
products,  315 ;  manufactures,  315;  minerals, 
315 ;  gold  mining,  315 ;  value  of  property  in, 
315 ;  votes  at  Presidential  elections,  688. 

GERMANY,  history,  553;  constitution  of  North 
Germany,  553 ;  area  and  population,  553 ; 
education,  554;  universities,  554  ;  the  Zoll- 
verein,  554;  revenue,  554;  exports,  554- 
mines  and  manufactures,  554;  insurance  and 
credit  companies,  554 ;  merchant  navy,  554 ; 
(see  North  Gerinany  and  South  Germany). 

GOBAZIE,  Emperor  of  Abyssinia,  598. 

GOLD,  coinage,  219 ;  coins  of  the  United  States, 
221 ;  coins,  foreign,  221 ;  deposits  at  United 
States  mint,  219;  production,  220 ;  discov 
eries  of  and  mines  in  California,  293,  650;  in 
Alabama,  280 ;  in  Georgia,  315 ;  in  Nevada, 
400 ;  in  North  Carolina,  426  ;  in  South  Caro 
lina,  453 ;  in  Virginia,  471 ;  in  Alaska,  484 ; 
in  Arizona,  486;  in  Colorado,  488,652-  in 
Dakota,  492;  in  Idaho,  495, 651 ;  in  Montana, 
499,  651 :  in  New  Mexico,  501 ;  in  Oregon, 
650;  in  Washington  Ter., 507;  in  Wyoming, 
510;  in  RussiM>44;  in  Asia,  Australia  and 
Africa,  646;  in  South  American  countries, 
646;  in  Mexico,  646;  in  British  America,  647 ; 
history  of,  648 ;  product  of  in  1865,  649-650. 

GOVERNMENT  of  the  United  States,  79-80;  of 
Alabama,  275 ;  of  other  states  and  countries, 
(see  each  state  and  country). 

GOVERNORS  OF  THE  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES, 
Alabama,  64,  275  ;  Arkansas,  64,  281 ;  Cali 
fornia,  64,  285 ;  Connecticut,  64,  294;  Dela 
ware,  65,  303;  Florida,  65,  306 ;  Georgia,  65, 
311;  Illinois,  65, 316;  Indiana,  65, 324 ;  Iowa, 

65,  330:  Kansas,  65,  338;  Kentucky,  65,  342; 
Louisiana.  66, 346;  Maine,  66,  a>3 ;  Maryland, 

66,  358;    Massachusetts,  66,  364 ;   Michigan, 
66,  376;  Minnesota,  66,  382;  Mississippi,  66, 
387;    Missouri.  67,  390;    Nebraska,  67,  395; 
Nevada,  67,  398 ;    New  Hampshire,  67,  401 ; 
New  Jersey,  67,  406;    New  York,  67,  411: 
North  Carolina,  67,  421 ;  Ohio,  67.  426 ;  Ore 
gon.  68,  4:33 ;   Pennsylvania,  68,  437 ;  Rhode 
Is  land,  68, 445;  South  Carolina,  68, 449;  Ten 
nessee,  (58,  454  :    Texas,  68,  458 ;    Vermont, 
69,462;  Virgin ia,  69,  467 ;  West  Virginia,  69, 
471;  Wisconsin,  69,  476;  Arizona  Territory, 
69,484;  Colorado  Ter.,  69, 486;  Dakota  Ter 
69,  489;  Idaho  Ter.,  69,  493;  Montana  Ter., 
69,497:    New  Mexico  Ter.,  69,  500;    Utah 
Ter.,  69,  502;  Washington  Ter.,  69,  504. 

GRANT,  U.  S.,  nominated  for  the  Presidency, 
267 ;  letter  of  acceptance,  266 ;  inaugurated, 
8J1. 


GREAT  BRITAIN,  postal  conventions  with,  150 ; 
capital,  567  ;  area,  567-568;  population,  567- 
568 ;  history,  567 ;  statistics  of  total  British 
empire,  568;  growth  of  colonial  empire, 
568-569;  increase  of  population,  569;  de 
crease  in  Ireland,  569;  emigration. 569;  clas 
sification  of  population,  569 ;  wealth,  569 ; 
pauperism,  569 ;  crime,  569;  reitrning  sov 
ereign  and  family,  570 ;  civil  list  of  the  queen , 
570;  list  of  Kings  of  the  House  of  Hanover, 
570;  government,  570;  House  of  Lords  and 
House  of  Commons,  570 ;  bills  introduced 
to  Parliament,  570 ;  duration  of  Parliament, 
571 ;  Cabinet,  571 ;  political  parties,  571 ;  ed 
ucation,  571  ;  educational  statistics,  571-572; 
parliamentary  grants  to  education,  572;  rev 
enue  and  expenditures,  572;  national  debt, 
572;  army,  regiments,  depots  and  training 
establishments,  573;  auxiliary  forces,  573; 
navy,  573 ;  seamen  and  ships  of,  574 ;  com 
merce,  574 ;  imports  and  exports,  574-576 ; 
merchant  navy,  576 ;  movement  of  shipping, 
576 ;  classification  of,  576. 

GRECO-LATIN  LANGUAGES,  538. 

GREECE,  capital,  576;  area,  576;  population, 
576;  history,  576;  agriculture,  576;  reigning 
sovereign  and  famify,576;  government,  577; 
Chamber  of  Representatives,  577;  ministry, 
577:  education,  577;  finances — revenue,  ex 
penditures  and  debt,  576 ;  army  and  navy, 
577;  commerce,  imports  and  exports,  577. 

GREEK  CHURCH,  organization  of,  615 ;  statis 
tics,  615. 

GUATEMALA,  capital,  527;  area,  527;  popula 
tion,  527 ;  government,  527 ;  legislative 
chamber,  527;  revenue,  expenditures  and 
public  debt,  527 ;  army  and  militia,  527 ;  im 
ports  and  exports,  527. 

GUNTHER  II.,  Prince  of  Schwarzburg-Sonder- 
ehausen,  563. 

GUTIERREZ,  SANTOS,  president  of  U.  S.  of  Co 
lombia,  529. 

GUZMAN,  FERNANDO,  president  of  Nicaragua, 
5~7. 

H. 

HAMBURG,  area.  563 ;  population,  563;  Senate 
and  House  of  Burgesses,  563;  income,  ex 
penditure  and  debt,  563;  commerce,  564; 
army,  564. 

HAYTI,  capital,  529;  area,  529;  population,  529; 
history,  529;  revolution,  529;  government, 
529;  new  constitution  adopted,  529;  minis 
ters,  529 ;  Senate  and  House  of  Commons, 
529;  revenue  and  expenditures,  529;  debt, 
529 ;  imports  and  exports.  529 ;  movement 
of  shipping,  530;  army  and  navy,  530. 

HENRY  XIV.,  Prince  of  Reuss-Schleiz,  562. 

HENRY  XXII.,  Prince  of  Reuss-Greiz,  562. 

HESSE,  capital,  567 ;  area,  567;  population,  567; 
reigning  sovereign  and  family,  567 ;  Upper 
and  Lower  House  of  Legislature,  567;  min 
istry,  567 ;  revenue,  expenditure  and  debt, 
567 :  army  and  fortress  of  Mentz,  567. 

HIGH  WATER,  at  Boston,  20 ;  at  New  York,  20; 
at  Philadelphia,  21 ;  at  San  Francisco,  21 ; 
at  110  places.  48. 

HOLLAND,  (see  Netherlands). 

HONDURAS,  capital,  527;  area,  527;  population, 
527;  government,  527;  new  constitution 
adopted,  527 ;  Senate  and  Legislative  Assem 
bly,  527;  Council  of  State.  527;  revenue, 
527;  imports  and  exports,  527. 

HONG  KONG,  postal  convention  \yith,  151. 

HOUSE  OF  COMMONS  of  Great  Britain,  570. 

HOUSE  OF  LORDS  of  Great  Britain,  570. 

HOUSE  OF  HANOVER,  kings  of,  570. 


812 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[I860. 


HOUSE   or  REPRESENTATIVES  of  the  United 

States,  70;  speakers  of,  0.3-74  ;  members  of. 
74,  261,263;  officers  of,  74-78 ;  committees 
of,  76,  262. 

I. 

IDAHO  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69 ;  delegate 
from,  76 ;  assessor  and  collector  of  internal 
revenue,  99;  mail  service  in,  156;  gold  and 
silver  product  of,  220,  221. 

Capital,  492;  area,  492;  population,  492; 
organization  of,  492 ;  boundaries,  492 ;  gov 
ernment,  493;  legislature,  493;  judiciary, 
493;  Supreme  court,  493;  District  courts, 
493 ;  terms  of  courts,  493 ;  finances,  493 ;  ter 
ritorial  indebtedness,  494;  education,  494; 
school  system,  494  ;  amount  raised  for 
schools,  494;  penal  institutions,  494;  wealth 
and  industry,  494 ;  character  of  people,  494 ; 
Indian  depreciations,  495 ;  Surveyor  General, 
495 ;  surveys,  495 ;  climate  and  soil,  495  ; 
fruit,  495 ;  gold  mines,  495,  496 ;  silver  ore, 
496 ;  quartz  mills,  496 ;  banks,  496. 
ILLINOIS,  Line  of  sun's  eclipse  passes  through, 
13  ;  Governors  of,  65;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
72,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263 ;  collectors  of  customs  in,  97 ;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue  in,  99 ; 
mail  service  in,  155 ;  land  grants,  174 ;  pen 
sioners  in,  177,  178;  temperature  and  rain 
fall,  186;  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187; 
prices  of  farm  stock,  188;  colleges  in,  196. 
Capital,  316;  area,  316;  population,  316, 
322;  settlement,  316 ;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  316;  made  a  territory,  316 ;  constitu 
tion  framed,  316;  admitted  to  the  Union, 
316;  government,  316;  legislature.  316;  quali 
fication  of  voters,  316 ;  judiciary,  316 ;  Su 
preme  court,  316. 317 ;  Circuit  courts,  316, 317 ; 
Superior  court  of  Chicago,  316,  317;  United 
States  courts,  317;  terms  of  Supreme  court, 
317;  finances,  317;  funds,  317;  state  debt, 
318 ;  education,  318 ;  State  Industrial  Uni 
versity,  318;  State  superintendent,  319: 
County  superintendents,  319;  trustees  of 
towns,  319;  school  directors,  319;  teach 
ers'  certificates,  319;  State  Normal  Uni 
versity,  319.  320;  teachers' institutes,  319; 
public  schools,  320;  charitable  institutions, 
320;  Institution  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  320, 
321 ;  Hospital  for  Insane,  320,  322 ;  Institu 
tion  for  Blind,  320,  322;  institutions  for 
Idiots  and  Imbeciles,  321,  322 ;  Soldiers'  Or 
phans' Home,  321;  penitentiary,  321,  322; 
labor  of  convicts,  321 ;  soil  and  situation, 
322;  minerals,  322;  coal  fields.  322 ;  lead  dis 
trict,  323;  wealth,  323;  railroads,  323 ;  canal, 
323;  manufactured  products,  323;  receipts 
and  shipments  of  Chicago,  323 ;  products, 
323 ;  assessment,  323 ;  banks,  323 ;  votes  at 
presidential  elections,  692. 

IMPEACHMENT,  articles  of,  227 ;  vote  on,  232. 

IMPEACHMENT  TRIAL,  225 ;  managers  of,  232 ; 
vote  on,  233. 

IMPORTS,  of  New  York,  420,  520;  of  Great 
Britain,  575;  of  France.  552 ;  of  Russia,  584; 
of  British  India,  594;  of  China,  595-596;  of 
Japan,  596 ;  (also  see  each  state  and  country). 

INDEPENDENT  AMERICAN  STATES,  524. 

INDIA,  (see  British  India). 

INDIAN  AFFAIRS,  179;  tribes,  181. 

INDIANA,  Governors  of,  65 ;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
72, 262 ;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74. 263: 
collectors  of  customs  in,  97 ;  assessors  and 
collectors  of  internal  revenue  in,  99 ;  mail 
service  in,  155 ;  pensioners  in,  177, 178:  tem 
perature  and  rain-fall,  186 ;  average  yield  and 


INDIANA — 

prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188 ;  colleges  in,  196. 

Capital,  324;  area,  324;  population,  324, 
328  ;  settlement,  324 ;  organized,  324 ;  con 
stitution  adopted,  324;  admitted  into  the 
Union,  324;  government,  324;  legislature, 
324;  qualifications  of  voters,  324;  judiciary. 
324;  United  States  courts,  324;  Supreme 
court  of  the  State,  324;  Circuit  courts,  325  ; 
terms  of  courts,  325 ;  finances,  325 ;  State 
debt,  325 ;  education,  325 ;  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  326 ;  county  commis 
sioners,  326;  trustees  of  towns,  326;  State 
Normal  School,  326;  city  training  schools, 
326 ;  teachers'  institutes,  32(5 ;  school  fund, 
326 :  public  schools,  326 ;  school  revenues, 
326 ;  charitable  institutions,  327;  Asylum  for 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  327,  328 ;  Institution  for 
the  Blind,  327,  328;  Asylum  for  the  Insane, 
327,  328 ;  Soldiers'  and  Seamens'  Home,  327, 
328;  State  prisons,  327,  328;  labor  of  con 
victs,  327;  House  of  Refuge,  328;  wealth 
and  industry.  328;  nativity  of  foreign  born 
population,  328;  farms,  32S;  live  stock,  329; 
wine,  329;  manufactures,  329;  coal  fields, 
329;  minerals,  329 ;  railroads,  329  ;  value  of 
property  and  products,  329 ;  banks,  329 ;  votes 
at  presidential  elections,  700. 

INDIANS,  number  of,  179 ;  difficulties  with,  179. 

INDIAN  TERRITORY,  Capital,  496  :  area,  496 ;  pop 
ulation  496 ;  situation,  496 ;  its  relations  to 
the  United  States  Government,  496;  treaties 
with  Indians,  496;  character  of  the  country, 
wild  animals,  497;  civilized  Indians,  497. 

INDO-EUROPEAN  LANGUAGES,  538. 

INSANE  HOSPITALS,  (see  each  state). 

INSPECTOR  GENERALS,  111. 

INTERNAL  REVENUE,  commissioner  of,  96: 
special  commissioner  of,  96;  assessors  and 
collectors  of,  99. 

IOWA,  Line  of  sun's  eclipse  passes  through,  13 ; 
Governors  of,  65;  U.  S.  Senators  of,  72,262; 
Representatives  in  Congress,  74,  263;  col 
lectors  of  customs,  97;  assessors  and  col 
lectors  of  internal  revenue,  100 ;  mail  service 
in,  155 ;  land  grants,  174 ;  pensioners  in,  177 ; 
temperature  and  rain-fall,  186 ;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crops,  187  ;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188;  colleges  in.  198. 

Capital,  330;  area,  330;  population,  330, 
336 ;  purchased  from  France,  330  ;  settle 
ment,  330 ;  organized  as  a  territory,  330 ;  ad 
mitted  into  the  Union,  330;  government; 
330 ;  State  militia,  330  ;  legislature,  330  ; 
qualification  of  voters,  330;  judiciary,  330; 
Supreme  court,  330,  331  ;  District  courts, 
331 ;  United  States  courts,  331 ;  terms  of 
Supreme  court,  331 ;  finances,  331 ;  condition 
of  principal  funds,  332  ;  resources  of  the 
State,  332;  State  indebtedness,  332;  educa 
tion,  332  ;  State  university,  332 ;  colleges  and 
universities,  3:33;  agricultural  college,  333; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  333 ; 
county  superintendents,  333 ;  normal  in 
struction,  333 ;  teachers'  institutes,  333 ;  pub 
lic  schools,  333 ;  charitable  institutions,  334 ; 
Institution  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  334, 335 ;  In 
stitution  for  the  Blind,  334, 335 ;  Hospital  for 
Insane,  335;  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home,  335; 
penitentiary,  335,  336 ;  wealth  and  industry, 
336  ;  increase  in  real  estate,  336 ;  agriculture, 
336:  minerals,  337 ;  manufactures,  337;  table 
of  cultivated  land  and  products,  337  ;  land 
grants,  337  ;  banks  and  railroads,  337;  news 
papers,  337;  insurance,  337;  votes  at  presi 
dential  elections,  706. 


1869.] 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


813 


IKON,  in  Alabama,  280  ;  in  Arkansas,  284 ;  in 
Connecticut,  302;  in  Illinois,  323 ;  in  Iowa, 
337 ;  in  Michigan,  381 ;  in  Missouri,  394, 654 ; 
in  Nevada,  401;  in  New  Jersey,  410;  in 
North  Carolina,  426 ;  in  Ohio,  432 ;  in  Ore 
gon,  654;  in  Pennsylvania,  444,  654 ;  in  Ten 
nessee,  457 ;  in  Texas,  461 ;  in  New  York, 
420;  in  Virginia,  471 :  in  West  Virginia,  475 ; 
in  Wisconsin,  481 ;  in  Alaska,  484 ;  in  Ari 
zona,  486 ;  in  Colorado,  489,  654 ;  in  Dakota, 
492 ;  in  New  Mexico,  502 ;  history  of,  652 ; 
method  of  producing,  653;  product  of,  654; 
imports  of,  654. 

ISABELLA  II.,  Queen  of  Spain,  585. 

ISMAIL,  PACHA,  Viceroy  of  Egypt,  599. 

ITALY,  capital,  577;  area,  577;  population,  577; 
history,  577;  treaty  of  Villa  Franca,  577; 
population  of  principal  cities,  577;  reigning 
sovereign  and  family,  578 ;  government,  578 ; 
Senate  and  House  of  Deputies,  578;  minis 
try,  578;  education,  578 ;  universities,  578; 
revenue,  expenditures  and  debt,  578;  army 
and  fortresses,  578 ;  navy,  578 ;  commerce, 
imports  and  exports,  578;  products,  579; 
railroads,  newspapers,  savings  banks,  579. 

J. 

JACOBITES,  615. 

JAMAICA,  536 ;  area,  536 ;  divisions,  536 ;  gov 
ernment,  536 ;  legislative  council,  536 ;  ex 
ports,  536 ;  revenue,  536. 

JAPAN,  596 ;  capital,  596 ;  area  and  population, 
596;  ports  open  to  aliens,  596;  chief  cities, 
596 ;  government,  596 ;  war  between  Mikado 
and  Tycoon,  596;  Daimios,  596:  army,  596; 
expansion  of  commerce,  596 ;  imports  and 
exports,  596. 

JAVA,  596;  area,  596;  population,  596 ;  restored 
to  the  Netherlands,  596;  slavery  abolished, 
596 ;  government,  596 ;  division,  596 ;  rev 
enue,  596 ;  army  and  navy,  597 ;  trade  and 
exports,  597. 

JEWISH,  calendar,  9 ;  year,  9 ;  months,  9. 

JEWS,  609. 

JIMENEZ,  JESUS,  president  of  Costa  Rica,  527. 

JOHN  I.,  King  of  Saxony,  558. 

JOHN  II.,  Prince  of  Liechtenstein,  567. 

JUAREZ,  BENITO.  president  of  Mexico,  5:30. 

JUDICIARY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  146;  su 
preme  court,  147 ;  circuit  courts,  147 ;  dis 
trict  courts,  147 ;  court  of  claims,  147 ;  (of 
the  several  states  and  territories,  see  under 
each). 

K. 

KANSAS,  Governors  of,  65;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
72, 262 ;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74,  263; 
assessor  and  collector  of  internal  revenue, 
100 ;  mail  service  in,  155 ;  land  grants,  174 ; 
pensioners  in,  177;  temperature  and  rain 
fall,  186 ;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops, 
187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock,  188 ;  colleges  in, 
198. 

Capital,  338;  area,  338;  population,  338, 
341 ;  purchased  from  France,  338 ;  admitted 
to  the  Union,  338 ;  government,  &38 ;  legis 
lature,  338 ;  qualification  of  voters,  338 ;  judi 
ciary,  338 ;  Supreme  court  of  the  State,  338. 
339  ;  United  States  courts.  338  ;  District 
courts,  339 ;  finances,  339 ;  State  debt,  .339 ; 
education,  339;  Lawrence  University,  &39; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  339 ; 
county  superintendents,339 ;  Normal  School, 
339,  340;  public  schools,  340;  charitable  in 
stitutions,  340;  Asylum  for  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
340 ;  Asylum  for  Insane,  340 ;  Institution  for 


KANSAS — 

the  Blind,  340 ;  wealth  and  industry,  341 ; 
immigration,  341 ;  settlement  of  the  slavery 
question,  341 ;  soil,  341 ;  building  material, 
341 ;  climate,  341 ;  live  stock,  341 ;  minerals, 
341;  surveys,  341;  manufactures,  342;  rail 
roads,  products,  342 ;  banks,  342 ;  votes  at 
presidential  elections,  732. 

KENTUCKY,  Governors  of,  65 ;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  72,  262 ;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263 ;  collectors  of  customs,  98 ;  asstes^ors  and 
collectors  of  internal  revenue,  100  ;  mail 
service  in,  155 ;  land  grants,  174  •  pensioners 
in,  177 ;  temperature  and  rain-fall,  186 ;  aver 
age  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of 
farm  stock,  188;  colleges  in,  198. 

Capital.  342;  area.  342;  population,  342, 
345;  settlement,  342;  admitted  into  the 
Union,  342;  government,  342;  legislature, 
342;  qualification  of  voters,  343;  judiciary, 
343 ;  court  of  appeals,  343 ;  Circuit  courts, 
343;  United  States  courts,  343;  finances, 
343;  State  debt,  343;  education,  344;  Ken 
tucky  University,  344 ;  State  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  344 ;  charitable  insti 
tutions,  344 ;  Institution  for  Deaf  Mutes,  344, 
345;  Insane  asylums,  344.  345;  Institution 
for  the  Blind,  344 ;  Institution  for  Feeble 
minded  children,  344,  345;  penitentiary.  344, 
345 ;  wealth  and  industry,  345 ;  soil  and  hus 
bandry,  346 ;  minerals,  346 ;  trade,  346 ;  pro 
ducts,  346  ;  assessment,  346 ;  votes  at  presi 
dential  elections,  708. 

KI-TSIANG,  Emperor  of  China,  595. 

L. 

LAND  BUREAU,  169 ;  established,  170. 

LAND  CLAIMS,  174. 

LAND  GRANTS,  for  educational  purposes,  193 ; 
for  agricultural  and  scientific  schools,  212 ; 
for  internal  improvements,  174. 

LAND  WARRANTS,  172. 

LANGUAGE,  of  American  states.  522,  523;  Eng 
lish,  523 ;  Spanish,  spoken  in  New  Mexico, 
501;  use  of  in  American  states,  523;  French, 
spoken  in  America,  524  ;  German,  spoken  in 
America,  524  ;  Portuguese,  spoken  in  Amer 
ica,  524. 

LANGUAGES  of  Europe,  538. 

LATITUDE,  table  of,  50—58. 

LAW  SCHOOLS,  208. 

LAWS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  abstracts  of,  246. 

LEAD,  in  Arkansas,  284 :  in  Illinois,  323,  658 ; 
in  Iowa,  336 ;  in  Kentucky,  346 ;  in  Mis 
souri,  658;  in  Virginia,  471 ;  in  Wisconsin, 
481 ;  in  Montana,  500;  in  New  Mexico,  502; 
historv  of,  657 ;  product,  658. 

LEGAL  TENDER  NOTES,  241 ;  provision  regard 
ing,  639  j  issued,  redeemed  and  outstanding, 
243 ;  depreciation  of,  639. 

LENGTH  and  increase  of  days,  22 — 24. 

LEOPOLD,  Duke  of  Anhalt.  409. 

LEOPOLD  II.  King  of  the  Belgians.  544. 

LEOPOLD  II.  Prince  of  Lippe-Detmold.  562. 

LETTER  of  acceptance  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  266 ; 
of  Schuyler  Colfax,  266;  of  Horatio  Sey 
mour,  270;  of  F.  Blair,  Jr.,  273. 

LIBERIA,  600 ;  capital,  600 ;  area.  600  ;  popula 
tion,  600;  constitution,  600;  President,  600; 
revenue  and  expenditure,  600 ;  exports,  600 ; 
coast  traders,  (500. 

LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS,  214 ;  additions  to,  214 ; 
rooms  of,  215:  number  of  volumes  in,  215; 
of  Patent  Office,  182. 

LIECHTENSTEIN,  567 ;  area,  567 :  population, 
567;  reigning  sovereign  and  family,  567; 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1SC9. 


LIECHTENSTEIN — 

immense  private  property,  567;    House  of 
Representatives.  5(>7 ;  voters,  5(57. 

LIEUTENANT  COLONELS,  111—120. 

LIEUTENANT  COMMANDERS,  133 — 135. 

LIEUTENANT  GENERAL,  111. 

LIEUTENANTS,  134. 

LIGHTHOUSE  BOARD,  96,  105. 

LIGHTHOUSE  DISTRICTS  and  officers,  105. 

LIPPE  DETMOLD,  capital,  562 ;  area,  562;  pop 
ulation,  562 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family, 
562;  government,  562;  revenue,  expendi 
tures,  and  debt.  562;  troops,  562. 

LIST  of  vessels  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  136—145. 

LITERATURE  and  literary  influences  of  the  day, 
essay  on,  659. 

LONGITUDE,  table  of,  50 — 58. 

LOPEZ,  FRANCISCO  SOLANO,  President  of  Par 
aguay,  531. 

Louis  I.  King  of  Portugal,  581. 

Louis  II.  King  of  Bavaria,  564. 

Louis  I II.  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse-Darmstadt,  567. 

LOUISIANA,  Governors  of,  66 ;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
172,  262 ;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263;  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  100 ;  mili 
tary  department  of,  125 ;  mail  service  in,  155 ; 
first  grant  of  swamp  lands  to,  173;  land 
grants,  174;  pensioners  in,  177;  temperature 
aud  rain-fall,  186 ;  average  yield  and  prices 
of  crops,  187;  prices  of  Farm  stock,  188;  col 
leges  in,  198  ;  reconstruction  of,  234,  248. 

Capital,  346;  area,  346;  population,  346, 
351;  settlement,  346;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  346;  ordinance  of  secession,  346; 
new  constitution  ratified,  346 ;  government, 
347 ;  legislature,  347 ;  qualification  of  voters, 
347  ;  judiciary,  347 ;  Supreme  court  and  Dis 
trict  courts,  347,  348 ;  United  States  courts, 
348;  finances,  348;  State  debt,  348;  educa 
tion.  349 ;  university,  349 ;  State  Superinten 
dent  of  Public  Instruction,  349 ;  school  fund, 
349  ;  Normal  School,  349 ;  school  statistics 
of  New  Orleans,  349 ;  charitable  institutions, 
349 ;  agricultural  resources,  352 ;  timber,  352 ; 
value  of  land.  352;  commerce,  352 ;  products, 
352  ;  banks,  352 ;  votes  at  presidential  elec 
tions,  722. 

LUBECK,  area  and  population,  564 ;  Senate  and 
House  of  Burgesses,  564;  High  Court  of  Ap 
peal  for  the  free  cities  of  Germany,  564; 
finances,  564 ;  commerce,  564 ;  troops,  564. 

LUTHERANS,  in  the  United  States,  618,  619 ;  in 
Europe,  619;  in  Asia,  Africa,  and  Austra 
lia,  619. 

LUXEMBURG,  capital,  579 ;  area,  579 ;  popula 
tion,  579;  history,  579;  treaty  of  London, 
579  ;  government.  579 ;  Diet,  579 ;  revenue, 
expenditures,  and  debt,  579. 

M. 

MADAGASCAR,  capital,  600 :  area,  600 ;  popula 
tion,  600  ;  early  history,  (500 ;  persecutions 
arid  advancement  of  Christianity,  600;  gov 
ernment,  600. 

MAGNETIC  NEEDLE,  declination  of,  obtained,  49. 

MAINE,  Governors  of.  66;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
172,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263;  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  100  ; 
mail  service  in,  155 :  pensioners  in,  177 ; 
temperature  and  rain-fail,  186;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188:  colleges  in.  198. 

Capital,  353:  area,  .353;  population,  353, 
357;  settlement,  353;  admitted  to  the  Union, 


MAINE — 

353;  government,  353;  legislature,  353; 
qualifications  of  voters,  353;  judiciary,  353: 
Supreme  court  of  the.  state,  353,  354 ;  United 
States  courts,  ar>4;  terms  of  supreme  court, 
354;  finances,  354 ;  chief  sources  of  revenue, 
354;  expenditures,  354;  resources  of  the 
state,  354 ;  liabilities  of  the  state,  355 ;  state 
debt,  355;  education,  355;  colleges,  355; 
Superintendent  of  common  schdbls,  355; 
Normal  Schools,  355 ;  public  schools,  355; 
charitable  institutions.  356;  Hospital  for 
the  Insane,  356 ;  State  Reform  School,  356 ; 
Industrial  School  for  girls,  356 ;  state  prison, 
356;  wealth  and  industry,  357:  immigration, 
357;  harbors,  357;  lumber  business,  357; 
ship  building,  357;  water  power,  357;  manu 
factures,  357;  agriculture,  357;  products, 
357 ;  banks,  357 ;  railroads,  357 ;  votes  at 
Presidential  elections,  670. 

MAJORS,  111—120. 

MAJOR  GENERALS,  111. 

MANUFACTURES  exempted  from  internal  rev 
enue  tax,  247. 

MARINE  CORPS,  136. 

MARS,  disc  of,  15;  evening  star,  15;  ephemeris 
of,  16, 17 ;  situation  of,  23—45  ;  diameter,  47  ; 
distance  from  sun,  47 ;  revolution  and  rota 
tion  on  axis,  47. 

MARYLAND,  Governors  of,  66 ;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  172,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
74,263;  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  100; 
mail  service  in,  155;  pensioners  in,  177; 
temperature  and  rain-fall.  186 ;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crop?,  187 :  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188;  colleges  in.  198. 

Capital,  358;  area,  358;  population.  358, 
363 ;  settlement,  358 ;  United  Stales  consti 
tution  ratified,  358 ;  government,  358 ;  legis 
lature,  358;  qualification  of  voters,  359; 
court  of  Appeals,  359 ;  Circuit  courts,  359 ; 
Baltimore  city  courts,  359,  360;  United 
States  courts,  359;  terms  of  courts,  360; 
finances,  360;  chief  sources  of  revenue,  360; 
disbursements,  3(!1 ;  state  debt,  361 ;  educa 
tion,  361 ;  colleges,  361 ;  St.  John's  college, 
361 ;  supervision  of  public  schools,  361 ; 
Board  of  county  school  commissioners,  361 ; 
school  district  boards,  361 ;  Normal  School, 
362  ;  teachers'  institutes,  362  ;  common 
schools,  362;  charitable  institutions,  362; 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  362:  penitentiary, 
362 ;  wealth  and  industry,  363 ;  soil  and  cli 
mate,  363;  flour,  363;  fruit,  363;  commerce, 
363;  oysters,  363;  products,  363;  banks, 
363;  votes  at  Presidential  elections,  684. 

MASSACHUSETTS,  Governors  of,  66;  U.  S.  Sena 
tors,  72,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
74,  263 ;  collectors  of  customs.  98 ;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  100; 
mail  service  in,  155 ;  pensioners  in,  177 ; 
temperature  and  rain-fall,  186;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crops,  187;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188 ;  colleges  in,  198. 

Capital,  364;  area,  364;  population,  364, 
374;  settlement,  364;  United  States  consti 
tution  ratified,  364;  government,  364;  ex 
ecutive  council,  364;  state  militia,  364;  legis 
lature,  364;  qualification  of  voters,  364; 
judiciary,  365 ;  Supreme  court,  365 ;  Superior 
court,  365;  United  States  courts,  365;  dis 
trict  attorneys,  365 ;  terms  of  Supreme 
court,  365;  finances,  366;  state  debt,  366; 
chief  sources  of  revenue,  366  ;  ordinary  ex 
penses,  367;  trust  funds,  367;  education, 
368;  Harvard  University,  368;  Lawrence 


1869.] 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


815 


MASSACHUSETTS— 

Scientific  School,  368 ;  Board  of  Education, 
368;      school    committees,    368;      Normal 
Schools,   368,   369:     school  statistics,   368; 
charitable  institutions,  369 ;  Lunatic  Hospi 
tals,  369,  371;  Almshouses,  369,  371;  State 
Reform  School,  370,  371 ;  Industrial  school 
for  girls,  370,  371 ;    School  for  Idiotic  and 
Feeble-minded  youth,  370,  372;    Nautical 
School,  370,  372;    criminal  statistics,  372; 
state  prison,  372;  county  and  city  prisons, 
372 ;  receipts  and  expenditures  of  charitable 
institutions  for  1867,  373 ;  wealth  and  indus 
try,  374;   statistics  of  population,  374;    in 
dustrial  statistics,  374;    corporations,  375; 
periodicals,  375;  assessments,  375;  banks, 
375;    insurance   companies,  375;    votes  at 
Presidential  elections,  676. 
MAYO,  Earl,  Governor  General  of  India,  594. 
MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN,   capital,  559 ;   area, 
559  ;  population,  559 ;  character  of  the  coun 
try  559 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family,  559 ; 
Slavonic  origin,  559;  government,  559;  edu 
cation,  559 ;  finances,  559 ;  army,  559. 
MECKLENBUHG-STRELITZ,  capital,    560;    area, 
560;  population  and  emigration,  560;  reign 
ing  sovereign  and  family,  560 ;    Diet,  560 ; 
revenue,  560';  army,  560. 
MEDICAL  colleges  and  schools,  206. 
MEDICAL  Department  of  the  army,  112. 
MEDINA,  JOSE  MARIA,  Pres.  of  Honduras,  529. 
MELGAREJO,  MARIANO,  525. 
MEMBERS,   of  Fortieth  Congress,  71,  261 ;    of 
Forty-first  Congress,  262—264;  political  clas 
sification  of,  261. 
MERCHANDISE,  duties  levied  on,  236 ;  sales  of, 

238,  239. 

MERCURY,  rising  and    setting  of,  10;    when 
brightest,  10;  diameter,  47;    distance  from 
sun,  47 ;  revolution,  47. 
METHODIST  CHURCH,  620;   denominations,  in 

Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  and  Australia,  621. 
METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH  in  the  United 
States,  619,  620;  annual  conferences  in,  620; 
Church  South,  620;   African  and  Zion  Chur 
ches,  620. 

MEXICO,  530 ;  capital,  530 ;  area,  530 ;  popula 
tion,  530 ;  history,  530 ;  list  of  rulers,  530 ; 
statistics  of  races,  530;  government,  530; 
ministry,  531 ;  constitution,  531;  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives,  531 ;  revenue  and 
expenditures  531 ;  debt,  531 ;  exports  and 
imports,  531 ;  produce  of  silver,  531 ;  rail 
way,  531  ;  army,  531. 

MICHIGAN,  Governors  of,  66;  U.  S.  Senators, 
72,  262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
263;  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  101 ; 
mail  service  in,  155;  land  grants  in,  174, 
248;  pensioners  in,  177;  temperature  and 
rain-fall,  186;  average  yield  and  prices  of 
crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock,  188 ;  col 
leges  in,  198. 

Capital,  376;  area,  376;  population,  376, 
381 ;  settlement,  376 ;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  376;  admitted  to  the  Union,  376; 
government,  376;  legislature,  376;  qualifica 
tion  of  voters,  376;  judiciary,  376;  Supreme 
court,  376,  377;  Circuit  courts,  376,  377; 
United  States  courts,  377 :  terms  of  Supreme 
court,  377;  finances,  377;  state  debt,  378; 
education,  378 ;  University  of  Michigan,  378, 
379 ;  Agricultural  college,  378 ;  Normal 
School,  378,  379;  Superintendent  of  public 
instruction,  379;  teachers'  institutes,  379; 
school  funds,  379 ;  public  schools,  379 ;  pri 
vate  schools,  379;  charitable  institutions, 


MICHIGAN — 

379 ;  Asylum  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb  and  Blind, 
379,  380;  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  380:  state 
prison,  380 ;  State  Reform  School,  380 ;  De 
troit  House  of  Correction,  380 ;  wealth  and 
industry,  381 ;  divisions  of  the  state,  381 ; 
climate,  381 ;  minerals,  381 ;  commerce,  381 ; 
products,  381 ;  railroads,  382 ;  manufactures, 
382:  banks,  382;  votes  at  Presidential  elec 
tions,  724. 

MIDSHIPMEN,  number  at  Naval  Academy,  130 ; 
candidates  for,  130 ;  qualifications,  130 ;  ex 
amination,  131 ;  advancement  of,  131. 

MILAN  OBRENOVITCH,  Prince  of  Servia,  591. 

MILITARY  divisions,  districts,  and  departments, 
124,  802. 

MINING,  641. 

MINISTERS  resident,  82. 

MINNESOTA, line  of  sun's  eclipse  passes  through, 
13;  Governors  of,  66;  U.  S.  Senators,  72, 
262;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74,  263; 
collectors  of  customs,  98 ;  assessors  and  col 
lectors  of  internal  revenue,  101 ;  mail  ser 
vice  in,  155 ;  land  grants  in,  174,  251 ;  pen 
sioners  in,  177;  temperature  and  rain-fall, 
186 ;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ; 
prices  of  farm  stock,  188 ;  colleges  in,  198. 

Capital,  382;  area,  382;  population,  382, 
386;  settlement,  382;  organized  as  a  terri 
tory,  382;  admitted  into  the  Union,  382; 
government,  382;  legislature,  382;  qualifi 
cation  of  voters,  382;  judiciary,  383;  Su 
preme  court,  383;  District  courts.  383;  Uni 
ted  States  court,  383;  terms  of  Supreme 
court,  383;  finances,  383;  sources  of  reve 
nue,  383;  disbursements,  384;  funded  debt, 
384;  education,  384 ;  school  lands,  384-385 ; 
State  University,  384;  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  384;  Normal  School,  385; 
teachers'  institutes,  385;  public  schools, 
385;  charitable  institutions,  385;  Institution 
for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  386;  Hospital  for  the 
Insane,  38(5;  state  prison,  386;  wealth  and 
industry,  386 ;  advantageous  situation,  387 ; 
agriculture,  387 ;  minerals,387 ;  forests,  pro 
ducts,  387 ;  steamboats,  387 ;  water-power, 
387;  votes  at  Presidential  elections,  734. 

MINT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  (see  U.S. Mint, 
218). 

MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS,  Progress  of  Agricnl- 
turej  621—629  ;  Currency  and  Finance,  630; 
Mining,  641 ;  Literature  and  Literary  influ 
ences  of  the  Day,  659. 

MISSISSIPPI,  Governors  of,  66;  collectors  of 
customs,  98 ;  assessors  and  collectors  of  in 
ternal  revenue,  101;  mail  service  in,  155; 
land  grants,  174;  temperature  and  rain-fall, 
186 ;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ; 
prices  of  farm  stock,  188 ;  colleges  in,  198 ; 
reconstruction  in,  234,  248. 

Capital,  387;  area,  387;  population,  387, 
390:  settlement,  387;  admitted  to  the  Union, 
387;  ordinance  of  secession  adopted,  387; 
repealed,  387 ;  government,  388 ;  legislature, 
388;  qualification  of  voters,  388;  judiciary, 
388 ;  High  court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  388 ; 
Circuit  courts,  388,  389;  Chancery  courts, 
388;  United  States  courts,  388;  terms  of 
courts,  389;  finances,  389;  education,  389; 
colleges  and  academies,  389;  charitable  in 
stitutions,  389:  Asylum  for  the  Blind,  3S9»; 
penitentiary,  389;  cotton,  390;  other  pro 
ducts,  390 ;  votes  at  Presidential  elections, 
720. 

MISSOURI,  Governors  of,  67;  U.  S.  Senators, 
72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress,  74, 
264 ;  collector  of  customs  in,  98 ;  assessors 


81(3 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


MISSOURI— 

and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  101 ;  mili 
tary  department  of,  1*24;  mail  service  in, 
155 ;  hind  grants  to,  174 ;  pensioners  in,  177, 
178 ;  temperature  and  rain-fall,  186 ;  average 
yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of 
farm  stock,  188 ;  colleges  in,  198. 

Capital,  390;  area,  390;  population,  390, 
394;  settlement,  390;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  390;  admitted  to  the  Union,  390; 
new  constitution  ratified,  390;  government, 
390;  legislature,  390 ;  qualilication  of  voters, 
391 ;  judiciary,  391 ;  Supreme  court,  391 ; 
Circuit  and  District  courts,  391;  United 
States  courts,  391 ;  terms  of  courts,  391 ; 
finances,  391 ;  state  debt,  392;  education, 
392 ;  State  University,  392 ;  Normal  Schools, 
392;  State  Superintendent,  392;  boards  of 
education,  392 ;  county  superintendent,  392 ; 
public  school  fund,  392;  public  schools,  392; 
schools  of  St.  Louis,  393 ;  charitable  insti 
tutions,  393;  Institution  for  the  Blind,  393; 
Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  393 ;  Asylum 
for  the  Insane,  393 ;  penitentiary,  393,  394 ; 
wealth  and  industry,  394 ;  soil  and  agricul 
ture,  394;  vineyards,  394;  minerals,  394; 
position,  395 ;  manufactures,  395 ;  tonnage, 
395;  products,  395;  votes  at  Presidential 
elections,  716. 

MOHAMMKDAN,  calendar,  10 ;  year,  10 ;  months, 
10 ;  countries,  G10. 

MOHAMMEDANS,  number  of,  609. 

MONASTIC  ORDERS,  615. 

MONEY  order  system,  154. 

MONTANA  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69  ;  dele 
gate  from,  76;  assessor  and  collector  of  in 
ternal  revenue,  101 ;  gold  and  silver  product 
of,  220,  221. 

Capital,  497 ;  area,  497 ;  population,  497, 
499  ;  organization,  497 ;  boundaries,  497  ; 
government,  497;  judiciary,  497;  Supreme 
court,  497, 498 ;  Probate  courts,  497 ;  finances, 
498;  expenditures,  498;  public  debt,  498; 
education,  498;  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  498;  county  superintendents, 
498 ;  school  returns,  498 ;  wealth  and  in 
dustry,  499  ;  immigration,  499  ;  Surveyor 
General,  499  ;  character  of  the  country,  499 ; 
stock  raising,  499;  silver  and  gold  mines, 
499 ;  other  minerals,  500 ;  assessed  value  of 
property,  500 ;  banks,  500. 

MONTENEGRO,  reigning  prince  of,  591 ;  popula 
tion,  591 ;  army,  591. 

MOON,  eclipses  of,  11,  12,  14;  longitude  of,  19; 
phases  of,  23-45 ;  rising  and  setting  of,  23-45. 

MORAVIANS,  621. 

MORNING  STARS,  15. 

MUSEUM,  Agricultural,  184. 

MURPHY,  GOVERNOR,  of  Arkansas,  remarks 
upon  the  condition  of  education,  283. 

N. 

NAPOLEON  III.  Charles  Louis,  Emperor  of  the 
French,  548. 

NAPSAR-ED  Dm,  Shah  of  Persia,  597. 

NATAL,  area  and  population,  600  ;  erected  to  a 
separate  government,  600;  revenue  and  ex 
penditures,  600;  imports  and  exports,  600. 

NATIONAL  BANKS,  242;  notes  of,  2-42;  taxation 
of,  243 ;  money  reserve  of,  244. 

NATIONAL  DEBT,  240,  244,  635,  637,  640,  642. 

NATIONAL  PLATFORMS  of  1868,  Republican,  265 ; 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  at  Chicago,  266;  Dem 
ocratic,  268 ;  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  at  New 
York,  269. 

NATIONAL  SOCIETIES,  223. 


NAVAL  CONSTRUCTORS,  136. 

NAVAL  FORCE,  138,  145. 

NAVY  AND  ARMY,  106. 

NAVY  DEPARTMENT,  (see  dejtartment  of  the 
Navy);  list,  132;  grades  of  ofiicers,  132; 
retired  list,  135 ;  marine  corps,  136 ;  resig 
nations,  deaths  and  dismissals,  136. 

NAVY  PENSIONS,  176,  178. 

NAVY  yards  and  shore  stations,  140. 

NAVY  of  Great  Britain,  573 ;  governed  by  573- 
strength  of,  B74. 

NEBRASKA,  Governors  of,  67 ;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  72,  263;  Representative  in  Congress,  75, 
264;  assessor  and  collector  of  internal  re 
venue,  101  ;  mail  service  in,  155;  land  grants 
to,  174;  pensioners  in,  177;  temperature  and 
rain-fall  of,  186;  average  yield  and  prices  of 
crops,  187;  prices  of  farm  stock,  188. 

Capital,  395;  area,  395;  population,  395, 
397 ;  settlement,  395 ;  admitted  to  the  union, 
395;  government, 395;  legislature, 395;  qual 
ification  of  voters,  396;  judiciary,  396;  Su 
preme  court,  396;  District  courts,  396;  Unit 
ed  States  courts,  396;  finances,  396;  sinking 
fund,  396 ;  education,  397 ;  Board  of  Educa 
tion,  397;  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc 
tion,  397 ;  Normal  School,  397 ;  wealth  and 
industry,  397;  timber,  397;  stock-raising, 
397;  coal-beds,  397 ;  products,  397;  banks, 
397 ;  votes  at  presidential  elections,  733. 

NESTORIANS,  615. 

NETHERLANDS,  579;  capital,  579;  area,  579; 
population,  579;  history,  579;  reigning  sov 
ereign  and  family,  579;  House  of  Orange- 
Nassau,  579;  Legislative  Chambers,  579; 
ministry,  580;  education,  universities,  580; 
revenue,  expenditure  and  debt,  580;  army 
and  navy,  580 ;  commerce,  imports  and  ex 
ports,  580;  colonial  statistics,  580. 

NEVADA,  Governors  of,  67;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
72,  263 ;  Representatives  of,  75,  264 ;  assess 
or  and  collector  of  internal  revenue,  101 ; 
mail  service  in,  155 ;  land  grants  to,  174, 400 ; 
gold  and  silver  produced,  220. 

Capital,  398;  area,  398;  population,  398, 
400;  ceded  to  the  United  States,  398;  settle 
ments,  398;  admitted  to  the  union,  398; 
boundaries,  398 ;  government,  398  ;  legisla 
ture,  398 ;  qualification  of  voters,  398 ;  judi 
ciary,  398;  Supreme  court,  398;  District 
courts,  398;  terms  of  courts,  398;  United 
States  courts,  398 ;  finances,  399 ;  state  debt, 
399 ;  education,  399 ;  Board  of  Education, 
399 ;  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction, 
399;  county  superintendents,  399;  boards 
of  trustees,  399:  boards  of  examiners,  399; 
charitable  institutions,  400;  prison,  400: 
wealth  and  industry,  400;  immigration,  400; 
Indians,  400;  surface,  400;  forests,  400;  min 
ing,  400;  Sutro  tunnel,  400;  salt,  401 ;  mills 
for  crushing  ores,  401 ;  votes  at  presidential 
elections,  735. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE,  Governors  of,  67;  U.S. Sen 
ators  of,  72,  263 ;  Representatives  in  Con 
gress,  75,  264;  collector  of  customs  in,  98; 
assessors  and  collectors  of  internal  revenue, 
101;  mail  service  in,  155;  pensioners  in, 
177;  temperature  and  rain-fall,  186;  average 
yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187;  prices  of 
farm  stock,  188;  college  in,  200. 

Capital,  401 ;  area,  401 ;  population,  401, 
405;  settlement,  401 ;  United  States  consti 
tution  ratified,  401 ;  government,  401 ;  legis 
lature,  402;  qualification  of  voters,  402 ;  ju 
diciary,  402;  Supreme  court,  402;  United 
States  courts,  402;  terms  of  Supreme  court, 
402;  finances,  403;  state  debt,  403 ;  literary 


1869.] 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


817 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE — 

fund,  404;  education.  404;  Dnrtmonth  Col 
lege.  404;  Agricultural  Collie,  404;  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction,  404;  school 
committees,  404'  teachers'  conventions,  404; 
public  schools,  404:  charitable  institutions, 
405 ;  Asylum  tor  the  Insane,  405 ;  Reform 
School,  405;  state  prison,  405  ?  wealth  and 
industry,  405;  agriculture,  406;  manufac 
tures,  406;  lumber,  406;  farms,  406;  pro 
ducts,  406 ;  banks,  406 ;  votes  at  presidential 
elections,  670. 

NEW  JERSEY,  Governors  of,  67;  U.S. Senators 
of,  72,  263 ;  Representatives  in  Congress,  75, 
264;  collectors  of  customs  in,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  101 ;  mail 
service  in,  155;  pensioners  in,  177,  178;  tem 
perature  and  rain-fall  of,  186 ;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188;  colleges  in,  200. 

Capital,  406;  area,  406:  population,  406, 
410;  settlement,  406;  United  States  consti 
tution  ratified,  406;  government,  406;  legis 
lature,  407;  qualification  of  voters,  407 ;  mi 
litia,  407;  judiciary,  407;  Supreme  court, 
407;  court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  407;  Unit 
ed  States  courts,  407 ;  terms  of  courts,  407 ; 
finances,  408;  state  debt,  408;  education, 
408;  Princeton  College,  408 ;  Board  of  Edu 
cation,  408;  Superintendent  of  Public  In 
struction,  408;  county  superintendents, 408; 
board  of  examiners,  408;  Normal  School, 
409  ;  public  schools,  409;  charitable  institu 
tions,  409 ;  Lunatic  Asylum,  409 ;  Home  for 
disabled  soldiers,  409 ;  Soldiers'  Children's 
Home,  409, 410;  state  prison,  409, 410 ;  wealth 
and  industry,  410 ;  garden  products,  410 ; 
zinc  and  marl,  410;  manufactures,  410;  pro 
ducts,  410;  banks, 410;  railroads, 410;  votes 
at  presidential  elections,  672. 

NEW  JERUSALEM  CHURCH,  621. 

NEW  MEXICO,  Governors  of,  69 ;  delegates  from, 
76;  assessor  and  collector  of  internal  rev 
enue,  101:  mail  service  in,  155;  gold  and 
silver  product  of,  220,  221. 

Capital,  500;  area,  500;  population,  500 ; 
settlement,  500 ;  ceded  to  the  United  States, 
500;  constituted  a  territory,  500;  govern 
ment,  500;  legislature,  500;  judiciary,  500; 
Supreme  and  District  courts,  501 ;  education, 
501  :  schools,  501  ;  Spanish  dialect,  501  ; 
wealth  and  industry,  501 ;  productions,  501 ; 
mining  operations,  501 ;  salt,  502. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES,  area,  601 ;  population,  601 ; 
immigrants,  601;  parliament,  601;  schools, 
601 ;  revenue,  expenditure  and  debt,  601 ; 
trade,  imports  and  exports,  601 ;  coal,  601. 

NEW  YORK,  Governors  of,  67  5  U.  S.  Senators, 
72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress,  75, 
264;  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  101,  102; 
mail  service  in,  155 ;  pensioners  in,  177, 178 ; 
temperature  and  rain-fall  of,  186;  average 
yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188;  colleges  in,  200. 

Capital,  411 ;  area,  411 ;  population,  411, 
419  ;  settlement,  411 ;  United  States  consti 
tution  ratified,  411 ;  state  constitution  adopt 
ed,  411 ;  government,  411 ;  Governor's  staff, 
411 ;  legislature.  411 ;  judiciary,  412 ;  court 
for  Trial  of  Impeachments,  412;  court  of 
Appeals,  412,  413;  Supreme  court,  412,  413; 
County  courts,  412;  Criminal  courts,  412; 
United  States  courts,  413 ;  terms  of  courts, 
413 ;  finances,  413  ;  general  and  other  funds, 
414 ;  state  debt,  414 ;  canal  fund,  414 ;  canal 
debt  paying  interest,  414 ;  education,  414 ; 

52 


Regents  Of  the  University  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  414 ;  University  Convocation, 
415 ;  Columbia  College,  415 ;  other  colleges 
and  universities,  415;  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction, 415;  school  commission 
ers,  415 ;  Normal  Schools,  415 ;  teachers  in 
stitutes,  416;  public  schools,  416;  private 
schools,  416;  charitable  institutions,  416; 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  416,  417; 
Institution  for  the  Blind,  417 ;  Asylum  for 
Idiots,  417 ;  Lunatic  Asylums,  417 ;  Inebri 
ate  Asylum  417,  418;  Western  House  of 
Refuge,  418,  state  prisons,  418,  419 ;  wealth 
and  industry,  419 ;  arrivals  of  foreigners,  419 ; 
agriculture,  420 ;  receipts  for  customs,  420; 
canals  and  railroads,  420 ;  minerals  420 ;  pro*- 
ducts,  420 ;  banks,  242,  244,  420 ;  insurance 
companies,  420;  imports,  420;  votes  at  presi 
dential  elections,  678. 

NEW  YORK  CITY,  516 :  area  of  Manhattan  Isl 
and,  516;  population,  516,  521 ;  government, 
516;  board  of  aldermen,  516;  board  of  as 
sistant  aldermen,  516;  board  of  supervisors, 
516 ;  commissioners  of  charities  and  correc 
tions,  516;  executive  departments,  517;  ex 
ecutive  county  officers,  517 ;  commissioners 
of  Central  Park,  517 ;  Metropolitan  police 
department, 517,  Courts, 517;  Police  courts, 
517;  Criminal  courts  of  record,  518;  Civil 
courts,  518;  fire  department,  518 ;  board  of 
health,  518;  Croton  aqueduct,  518;  educa 
tion,  518;  school  officers,  518;  periodicals 
and  libraries,  518 ;  churches,  518;  charitable 
institutions,  519,  521 :  post  office,  519";  rev 
enue  officers,  519 ;  military,  519 ;  banks,  519 ; 
insurance  companies,  519 ;  number  of  man 
ufacturing  and  mining  companies,  519 ;  city 
railroads  and  ferries,  519 ;  imports  and  ex 
ports,  520;  arrivals  of  steamers,  ships,  &c., 
520 ;  valuation  of  taxable  property,  520 ;  ap 
propriations,  520;  amount  of  tax,  521 ;  im 
migration,  521 ;  representation  in  the  State 
Legislature  and  in  Congress,  521. 

NEW  ZEALAND,  area,  601 ;  population,  601 ;  par 
liament,  601;  revenue,  expenditures  and 
debt,  601 ;  industry,  601. 

NICARAGUA,  capital, 527;  area, 527;  population, 
527 ;  government,  527 ;  divisions,  527 ;  reve 
nue,  expenditures  and  debt,  527;  imports 
and  exports,  527. 

NICHOLAS  I,  Prince  of  Montenegro,  591. 

NOMINATION  of  President  and  Vice  President, 
267,  272. 

NORMAL  schools,  210. 

NORMAL  and  Training  schools,  210. 

NORTH  CAROLINA,  line  of  sun's  eclipse  passes 
through,  13;  Governors  of,  67;  U.  S.  Sena 
tors,  72,  263 ;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
75,  264 ;  collectors  of  customs  in,  98 ;  asses 
sors  and  collectors  of  intenial  revenue  in, 
102 ;  mail  service  in,  155 ;  temperature  and 
rain-fall  of,  186 ;  average  yield  and  prices  of 
crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock,  188 ;  col 
leges  in,  200;  gold  product,  221. 

Capital,  421 ;  area,  421 :  population,  421, 
425 ;  settlement,  421 ;  United  States  consti 
tution  ratified,  421 ;  secession  of,  421 ;  re-ad 
mitted  to  the  union,  421 ;  government,  421 ; 
legislature,  421 ;  qualification  of  voters,  422 ; 
judiciary,  422;  Supreme  court,  422, 423  ;  Su 
perior  court,  422,  423 ;  United  States  courts, 
423;  terms  of  courts,  423;  finances,  423; 
state  debt,  423;  education,  424 ;  State  Uni 
versity,  424;  Board  of  Education,  424;  pub 
lic  school  system,  424 ;  literary  fund,  424 ; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  424; 


818 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


NORTH  CAROLINA— 

charitable  institutions,  424 ;  Insane  Asylum, 
425;  Institution  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  4-25; 
state  prison,  425 ;  wealth  and  industry,  425 ; 
divisions  of,  42(5 ;  fisheries,  42(5 ;  minerals, 
42(5 ;  products,  42(5 ;  manufactures,  42(5 ;  banks, 
426 ;  votes  at  presidential  elections,  686. 

NORTH  GERMANY,  554;  area  and  population, 
(see  Germany) ;  government,  554 ;  new  con 
stitution,  554;  federal  council  and  parlia 
ment,  554 ;  finances,  555 ;  expenditures  and 
revenue,  555 ;  army  and  navy,  555. 

NORWAY,  capital,  587;  area,  587;  population, 
587 ;  government,  587 ;  democratic  constitu 
tion,  587;  the  Storthing,  587 ;  education,  587; 
finances,  587;  army  and  navy,  588;  imports 
and  exports,  588;  commercial  navy,  588. 

NOTES,  legal  tender,  241 ;  of  National  banks, 
242. 

o. 

OBITUARIES,  Abbott,  Amos,  773 ;  Adler,  George 
J.,  773;  Allen,  Wm.,  D.  D.,  773;  Andrea, 
Jerome  de,  773 ;  Andrews,  Timothy  P.,  773 ; 
Asboth,  Alexander,  773. 

Baker,  Lafayette  C.,  773;  Baraga,  Freder 
ick,  D.  D.,  774;  Baugher,  Henry  L.,  D.  D., 
774;  Baxter,  Portus,  774-  Bayard,  Richard 
H.,  774;  Beach,  Moses  Yale,  774;  Beach, 
Wooster,  M.  D.,  774;  Beall,  S.  W.,  774; 
Beecher,  Lieut.  Frederick,  774 ;  Bell,  Henry 
H.,  774;  Bell,  Samuel  Dana,  775 ;  Berryer, 
Antoine  Pierre,  775;  Blakeney,  Sir  Edward, 
775;  Boyd,  John  H.,  775:  Bradbury,  Win. 
B.,  775 ;  Brewster,  Sir  David,  775 ;  Brooke, 
Sir  James,  K.  C.  B.,  776;  Brougham.  Henry, 
Lord  Brougham  and  Vaux,  776 ;  Brown,  Rev. 
John  Newton,  777 ;  Buchanan,  James,  777 ; 
Buel,  Alexander  W.,  778. 

Cagger,  Peter,  778;  Campbell,  John  H., 
778;  Campbell,  Thompson,  778;  Cardigan, 
Jas.  Thos.  Brudenell,  778;  Carson,  Kit,  778; 
Cattermore,  George,  779;  Christy,  George, 
779;  Clark,  Laban,  D.  D.,  779;  Cobb,  How- 
ell,  779;  Coles,  Edward,  780;  Coquerel, 
Athanase,  7bO ;  Coyne,  Joseph  Stirling,  780 ; 
Cramvorth,  Lord  the  Right  Hon.  Monsey 
Rolfe,  780. 

Dean,  Julia,  780;  Duffield,  Geo.,  D.  D., 
780. 

Elliott,  Charles  Loring,  781 ;  Ellsworth, 
Wm.  W.,  781 ;  Engle,  Frederick,  781. 

Fessenden,  T.  A.  D.,  781 ;  Finney,  Dar 
win  A.,  781 ;  Force,  Peter,  781 ;  Ford,  Thos. 
H.,  781 ;  Fulford,  Francis,  D.  D.,  782. 

Gannon,  Mary,  782 ;  Gates,  William,  782 ; 
Gansevoort,  Guert,  782;  Gibbs,  Alfred,  782; 
Gillespie,  Wm.  Mitchell,  782 ;  Gilmer,  John 
A.,  782;  Goodrich,  Chauncey  A.,  D.  D.,  782; 
Granger,  Francis,  782;  Grayson,  Wm.,  782; 
Gurley,  Phineas  D.,  D.  D.,  783. 

Halpine,  Charles  G.,  783;  Hampden,  the 
Rt.  Rev.  Reun  Dickson,  783;  Hartstene, 
Henry,  783;  Havin,  Leonor  Joseph,  783; 
Hawks,  Right  Rev.  Cicero  S.,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
784;  Head,  Sir  Edmund  Walker,  784;  Her- 
rick,  Anson,  784 ;  Higgins,  Matthew  James, 
784 ;  Hindman,  Thos.  C.,  784 ;  Hinds,  James, 
784;  Hopkins,  John  Henry,  784;  Hughes, 
Ball,  785 

Ingersoll,  Joseph  R.,  785. 

Johnson,  Herman  M.,  D.  D.,  785 ;  Junkin, 
George,  D.  D.,  785. 

Kean,  Charles,  7R5;  Kearney,  Lawrence, 
786;  Kimball,  Heber  C.,  786;  Krummacher, 
Frederic  Wilhelm,  786. 


OBITUARIES — 

Leser,  Rev.  Isaac,  787 ;  Leutze,  Emmanuel, 
787;  Limayrac,  Panlin,  787;  Lincoln,  Levi, 
787;  Longley,  Chas.  Thomas,  787;  Louis  I., 
Chas.  Augustus,  788;  Lover,  Samuel,  788. 

McCall,  George  Archibald,  788;  McGee, 
Thomas  D1  Arcy,  789 ;  McRae,  John  J.,  789 ; 
Magee,  John,  789;  Mann,  Abijah,  Jr.,  789- 
Mann,  James,  789;  Marochetti,  Chas  Baron 
790;  Marsh,  John,  D.  D.,790;  Mattison,  Hi 
ram,  D.  D.,  790;  Mayne,  Sir  Richard,  K.  C. 
B.,  790;  Menkin,  Adah  Isaacs,  790;  Michael 
III.,  Prince  of  Servia,  791 ;  Miller,  James 
F.,  791 ;  Milman,  Henry  Hart,  791 ;  Mitchell, 
S.  Augustus,  791  ;  Monagas,  Gen.  Jose 
Tadeo,  792 ;  Mongkout,  Chao  Pha,  King  of 
Siam,  792;  Morehead,  Chas.  S.,792;  Muzaf- 
fer-ed-diu,  Emir  of  Bokhara,  792. 

Navaez,  Don  Ramon  Marie,  Duke  of  Va 
lencia,  792 ;  Nicolson,  Samuel,  793 ;  Noyes, 
Joseph  C.,  793. 

Pendleton,  John  S.,  793;  Pickering,  Oc- 
tavius,  793;  Poe,  Adam,  D.  D.,  793. 

Raphall.  Rev.  Morris  Jacob,  793;  Rives. 
Wm.  C.,  794;  Robertson,  Anthony  L.,  794; 
Rossini,  Gioachino,  794  :  Rothschild,  James, 
Baron,  795. 

Salisbury,  James,  Marquis  of,  795 ;  Sey 
mour.  Thomas  H.,  795;  Slemmer,  Adam  J., 
795;  Smith,  Benjamin  Franklin,  795;  Smith, 
Seba,  796;  Sommers,  Chas.  G.,  D  D  796* 
Steele,  Frederic,  796;  Stevens,  Edwin  A., 
796 ;  Stevens,  Thaddeus,  796 ;  Stockton, 
Thos.  Hewlings,  798 ;  Stohlman,  Chas.  F.  E.. 
D.  D.,  798;  Stoughton,  Edward  H.,  798. 

Theodoras,  King  of  Abyssinia,  798 ; 
Thompson,  Waddy,  799;  Tod,  David,  799; 
Tracy,  Andrew,  799. 

Vassar,  Matthew,  799 ;  Vaughan,  Robert, 
D.  D.,  800. 

Walewski,  (Comte  de)  Florian,  800;  Wells, 
Samuel,  800-  Whittlesey,  Thos.  T.,  800- 
Wick,  Wm.  W.,  800;  Wilmot,  David,  800; 
Woodruff,  John,  800;  Wortendyke,  Jacob 
R.,  800. 

OCCULT ATIONS  of  Regulus  and  Aldebaran,  19. 
(ECUMENICAL  councils.  614. 
OFFICERS  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  60 ;  presidents,  60 ;  vice-presidents, 
60 ;  secretaries  of  state,  60 ;  secretaries  of 
the  treasury,  61 ;  secretaries  of  war,  61 ;  sec 
retaries  of  the  navy,  61 ;  secretaries  of  the 
interior,  61 ;  postmasters-general,  (52 ;  at 
torneys-general.  62;  chief  justices  of  the 
supreme  court,  62;  associate  justices  of  the 
supreme  court,  62 ;  presidents  pro-tempore 
of  the  Senate,  63 ;  speakers  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  63. 

OHIO,  Governors  of,  67 ;  U.  S.  Senators,  72,  263; 
Representatives,  75.  264;  collectors  of  cus 
toms,  98 ;  assessors  and  collectors  of  inter 
nal  revenue,  102 ;  mail  service  in,  156 ;  pen 
sioners  in,  177, 178 ;  temperature  and  rainfall, 
186;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187; 
prices  of  farm  stock,  188;  colleges,  200. 

Capital,  426;  area,  426;  population,  426; 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  426;  settlement 
of,  426,  432;  admitted  to  the  Union,  426; 
goveniment,  426 ;  legislature,  427  qualifica 
tion  of  voters,  4'J7 ;  state  militia,  427  ;  judi 
ciary,  427 ;  Supreme  court,  427,  428 ;  United 
States  courts,  427 ;  finances,  428 ;  state  debt, 
428;  education,  428;  school  commissioners, 
428;  board  of  examiners,  429 ;  school  dis 
tricts,  429 ;  public  schools,  429 ;  private 
schools  429;  colleges,  430;  charitable  insti 
tutions,  430;  Lunatic  Asylums,  430,  431; 


1869.] 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


819 


OHIO — 

Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  430, 
431 ;  Institution  for  the  Blind,  430,  431 ; 
Asylum  for  Idiots,  430;  Reform  School,  430, 
431;  penitentiary,  431,  432;  wealth  and  in 
dustry,  432;  vineyards,  432;  coal  andiron, 
432 ;  salt,  432 ;  railroads,  432, 433 ;  commerce, 
432 ;  products,  433 ;  banks,  433 ;  votes  at  presi 
dential  elections,  698. 

OLDENBURG,  capital,  559;  area,  559;  popula 
tion,  559;  reigning  sovereign  and  family, 
559;  government,  560;  revenue,  expendi 
tures,  debt,  560;  army,  560;  commerce,  560. 

ORD,  E.  O.  C.,  Maj.  Gen.,  appointed  command 
er  of  4th  Military  District,  234;  orders  an 
election,  281. 

ORDNAN-CE  Department,  114  ;  bureau  of  the 
navy,  128. 

OREGON,  Governors  of,  68;  U.  S.  Senators  of, 
72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress,  75, 
264;  collector  of  customs  and  surveyor,  98; 
assessor  and  collector  of  internal  revenue, 
101 ;  mail  service  in,  156 ;  land  grants  to,  174 
4135 :  pensioners  in,  177 ;  temperature  and 
rainfall,  186;  colleges  in,  202 ;  gold  product, 
220.  221. 

Capital,  433;  area,  433;  population,  4.33, 
436;  settlement,  boundary,  433;  admitted  to 
the  Union,  433;  government,  433;  legisla 
ture,  433;  qualification  of  voters,  433;  judi 
ciary,  434 ;  Supreme  court,  434 ;  United  States 
courts,  434;  finances,  434;  state  debt,  434 ; 
education,  435;  Willamette  University,  4:35; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  435; 
charitable  institutions,  4:35;  Insane  Asylum, 
435;  penitentiary  435;  wealth  and  industry, 
436;  natural  divisions,  436;  forests,  436; 
fisheries,  436 ;  Columbia  river,  436 ;  votes  at 
Presidential  elections,  732. 

ORGANIZATION  of  the  army,  122. 

ORIENTAL  Churches,  615. 

P. 

PAGANS,  in  America,  524 ;  in  Europe,  539 ;  in 
Asia,  592 ;  in  the  world,  609. 

PAPAL  STATES,  580;  capital,  580;  area,  580; 
population,  580;  history,  580;  reigning  sov 
ereign,  580 ;  government,  580 ;  Councils,  580 ; 
ministry,  580 ;  revenue,  expenditures,  and 
debt,  580;  army,  581 ;  commerce,  581 ;  rail 
ways,  581. 

PARAGUAY,  531 ;  capital,  531 :  area,  531;  popula 
tion,  531;  history,  531 ;  disputed  territory, 
531:  government,  531;  sources  of  income,  531 ; 
debt,  532;  army  and  navy,  532;  exports  and 
imports,  532. 

PARLIAMENT  of  Great  Britain,  570;  duration 
of,  571. 

PARLIAMENTARY  elections  in  Great  Britain, 
571 ;  grants  to  popular  education,  572. 

PASSPORTS,  clerk  of.  81. 

PATENT  office,  169,  181 ;  commissioner  of,  169 ; 
established,  181;  receipts  and  expenditures, 
181 ;  business  of,  182 ;  library  of,  182. 

PATENTS,  applications  for,  181, 182 ;  issued,  181, 
182. 

PAY  of  cadets,  111 ;  of  the  army,  121 ;  of  the 
navy,  141. 

PAY  Department  of  the  army,  113. 

PEDRO  II.,  Emperor  of  Brazil,  526. 

PENITENTIARIES,  (see  each  State). 

PENNSYLVANIA,  Governors  of,  68 ;  U.  S.  Sena 
tors,  72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
75,264:  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  102 ;  mail 
service  in,  156 ;  pensioners  in,  177, 178 ;  tem- 


PENNSYLVANIA— 

perature  and  rainfall,  186 ;  average  yield  and 
prices  of  crops,  187;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188;  colleges  in,  202. 

CapitaC437;  area,  437:  population,  437, 
444;  settlement  of,  437;  United  States  con 
stitution  ratified,  437 ;  government,  437 ;  leg 
islature,  437:  qualification  of  voters,  437; 
judiciary,  437;  Supreme  court,  437,  438; 
District  courts,  438  ;  courts  of  Common 
Pleas,  438;  United  States  courts,  438; 
terms  of  courts,  438 ;  finances,  439 ;  state 
debt,  439 ;  education,  439 ;  history  of  school 
system,  439 :  colleges,  439,  441 ;  Superin 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction,  439;  school 
districts,  439;  Normal  schools,  440,  441; 
public  schools,  440  ;  colleges,  academies 
and  seminaries,  441 ;  charitable  institutions, 
441 ;  Insane  Asylum,  441,  442,  443 ;  Institu 
tion  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  441,  442;  Insti 
tution  for  the  Blind,  441,  442;  Training- 
School  for  Feeble-minded  Children,  441,  442 ; 
Philadelphia  House  of  Refuge,  441 ;  House 
of  Refuge  for  West  Pennsylvania,  441,  442; 
Pennsylvania  Hospital,  442 ;  West  Pennsyl 
vania  Hospital,  443;  penitentiaries,  443; 
wealth  and  industry,  444 ;  foreigners  in  the 
State,  444;  agriculture,  444;  coal  and  petro- 
leum,444 ;  railroads,444 :  products,444 ;  banks, 
444 ;  votes  at  Presidential  elections,  764. 

PENSION  office,  175. 

PENSIONS,  169;  commissioner  of,  170;  army 
pensions,  175  ;  navy  pensions,  176,  178. 

PENSIONERS,  176,  178,  179. 

PEREZ,  JOSE  JOAQUIN,  president  of  Chili,  527. 

PERSIA,  capital,  597;  area,  597;  population, 
597 ;  chief  cities,  597 ;  sovereign,  597 ;  rev 
enue,  597 ;  army,  597 ;  imports  and  exports, 
597. 

PERU,  capital,  532 ;  area,  532 ;  population,  532 ; 
history,  532  ;  government,  532 ;  new  consti 
tution  adopted,  532 ;  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives,  532 ;  religion,  532 ;  minis 
try,  532 ;  revenue,  expenditures,  and  debt, 
532;  army  and  navy,  532 ;  exports  and  im 
ports,  532;  arrivals  and  clearances,  532. 

PETER  I..  Grand  Duke  of  Oldenburg,  559. 

PHASES,  of  Venus,  15  :  of  the  moon,  23-45. 

PHILADELPHIA,  high  water  at,  21. 

Pius  IX.,  Sovereign  Pontiff  of  Rome,  580. 

PLANETS,  small  or  asteroids,  14 ;  exterior,  15 ; 
interior,  15 ;  ephemeries  of,  16,  17 ;  situa 
tion  of,  23-45 ;  conjunctions  of,  46 ;  diameter 
and  revolutions  of,  47  ;  primary  and  aster 
oids,  47. 

PLANETARY  conjunctions,  46 ;  characters,  46. 

PLATFORMS,  (see  National  Platform*). 

POLAND,  population,  584:  government,  584; 
loss  of  independence,  584 ;  finances,  584. 

POLARIS,  time  of  passing  the  meridian,  49; 
mean  distance  from  the  pole,  18(59,  49. 

POLITICAL  classification  of  Congress,  264. 

POLYNESIA,  (xee  Australasia  and  Polynesia}. 

POPE,  JOHN,  Maj.  Gen.,  appointed  commander 
of  3d  District,  234 ;  orders  issued  by,  275, 306. 

POPULATION,  of  States  and  Territories,  (iteeeach 
State  and  Territory);  of  America,  523;  of 
independent  American  States,  523 ;  of  Euro 
pean  possessions  in  America,  524;  of  Europe, 
538  ;  of  States  of  Europe,  539,  540 ;  of  Asia, 
592:  of  States  and  divisions  of  Asia.  592;  of 
Africa,  598 :  of  divisions  and  subdivisions, 
598  ;  of  Australasia  and  Polynesia,  601  :  (also 
see  each  diridoii  of  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  <ftf., 
for  population  of  each). 

PORTUGAL,  capital.  581 ;  area,  581 ;  population, 
581 ;  history,  581 ;  islands  and  colonies,  581 ; 


820 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


PORTUGAL— 

reigning  sovereign  and  family,  581 ;  govern 
ment,  581 ;  Legislative  Chambers,  581 ;  coun 
cil  of  ministers,  581 ;  education,  581 ;  uni 
versity,  581 ;  revenue,  expenditure  and  debt. 
581  ;  army,  581 ;  navy,  582 ;  exports  and  im 
ports,  582. 

POSTAGE,  rates  of  domestic,  157 :  foreign,  158, 
161 ;  regulations  with  respect  to,  157,  159. 

POSTAGES  on  United  States  and  European 
mails,  156. 

POSTAL  Conventions,  150 ;  with  Great  Britain, 
150;  with  other  foreign  countries,  150;  wiih 
Hong  Kong,  151 ;  mail  steamship  service  to 
China  and  Japan,  151. 

POSTAL  money  order  system,  154. 

POSTAL  service,  151 ;  post  offices  and  delivery 
of  letters,  151 :  statistics  for  fiscal  year  end 
ing  June  30,  18(57,  152;  revenue  and  expen 
ditures  from  1S54  to  1868,  inclusive,  154 ;  es 
timates  for  I860,  155 ;  appropriations  for 
special  service,  155 ;  table  of  mail  service 
and  of  postal  receipts  and  expenditures  for 
year  ending  June  30,  1867,  by  States,  155  ; 
rates  of  domestic  postage,  157 ;  postage  on 
transient  printed  matter,  157;  foreign  let 
ters,  158;  rates  of  postage  on  printed  mat 
ter  for  foreign  countries,  158;  regulations 
•with  respect  to  newspapers,  book  packets, 
patterns,  samples,  &c.,  to  foreign  countries, 
159;  United  States  exchange  offices  for  for 
eign  mails,  100;  table  of  postage  to  foreign 
countries,  160. 

POSTMASTER  General,  80 ;  duties  of,  148. 

POSTMASTERS  General,  62. 

POST  Office  Department,  148 ;  bureaus  in,  148 ; 
chief  officers  in,  149 ;  revenues  and  expen 
ditures  of,  149. 

POST  Offices,  151. 

PRE-EMPTION  law  and  right,  171, 175. 

PREFACE,  3. 

PRESBYTERIANS,  Old  School  in  United  States, 
621 ;  New  School,  621 ;  other  branches,  621, 
622 ;  in  Great  Britain  and  Colonies.  622. 

PRESIDENT  of  the  United  States,  how  chosen, 
79 ;  powers  and  duties  of,  79. 

PRESIDENTS  of  the  United  States,  60,  79,  80. 

PRESIDENTS  of  colleges,  197. 

PRESIDENTS  pro-tempore  of  the  Senate,  63. 

PRICES  of  farm  stock,  188. 

PRIVATE  land  claims,  174. 

PROCEEDINGS  of  fortieth  Congress,  225. 

PROCLAMATIONS  of  President  Johnson,  255-257. 

PRODUCTIONS,  (fee  each  State). 

PROTESTANTISM  in  America,  524 ;  divisions  of, 
616. 

PROTESTANT  Churches,  616. 

PROTESTANT  Episcopal  Church  of  the  United 
States,  616. 

PRUSSIA,  capital,  555;  area,  555;  population, 
555,  556 ;  table  of  provinces.  555 ;  languages 
spoken,  555 ;  chief  cities,  556 ;  reigning  sov 
ereign  and  family,  556 ;  increase  of  territory. 
556 ;  list  of  sovereigns,  556 ;  government, 
556;  constitution,  556;  House  of  Lords  and 
Chamber  of  Deputies,  556  ;  the  executive, 
557;  education,  557;  finances,  557;  revenue, 
expenditures  and  debt,  557;  army  and  navy, 
557,  558 ;  fortresses,  merchant  navy,  558 ; 
import f« and  exports,  558;  mines, 558;  banks, 
558 ;  railroads  and  telegraph  lines,  558. 

PUBLIC  buildings  of  Washington,  513. 

PUBLIC  debt  of  the  United  States,  239, 244 ;  com 
parative  view  of,  240. 

PUBLIC  Lands,  169,  170;  surveyors  of,  169;  area 
of,  170;  survey  of,  170;  grants  of,  174. 

PUBLIC  Laws  of  the  United  States,  246. 


PUBLIC  Resolutions,  254. 
PUBLIC  School  expenses  in  principal  cities  of 
United  States,  213. 

Q. 

QUALIFICATIONS,  of  Senators  of  United  States, 
70;  of  Representatives,  70;  of  cadets  at  the 
Military  Academy.  110;  of  candidates  for  the 
Naval  Academy,  130 ;  of  cadet  engineers,  131. 

QUALIFICATION  of  voters,  (nee  each  State). 

QUARTERMASTER'S  Department,  112. 

QUEENSLAND,  601 ;  area,  601 ;  population,  602; 
immigration,  60S;  establishment.  602;  Par 
liament,  602 ;  revenue  and  expenditures,  602 ; 
exports  and  imports,  602. 

QUICKSILVER,  mines  of  Alniadeu,  645;  use  of, 
648  ;  history  of,  658. 

R. 

RAIN-FALL,  -table  of  for  twelve  months,  186. 

RATIFICATION  of  constitutions  of  Southern 
states,  235;  of  constitutional  amendment — 
fourteenth,  258 ;  fifteenth,  801. 

REAR  ADMIRALS,  132-134. 

RECEIPTS  AND  EXPENDITURES,  of  the  Patent 
Office,  181 ;  of  the  Post  Office,  149-155 ;  of 
the  United  States,  237;  from  Internal  Rev 
enue,  237. 

RECONSTRUCTION  in  the  Southern  states,  233. 

REED,  Gov.,  of  Florida,  urges  provision  for 
charitable  and  penal  institutions,  310. 

REFORM  BILL  of  Great  Britain,  570-571. 

REFORMED  CHURCHES,  in  'the  United  States, 
622;  in  Europe  and  Africa,  622. 

REGISTER  OF  THE  TREASURY,  97 ;  duties  of,  96. 

REGISTRATION  of  voters  in  Southern  states,  234. 

REGULUS,  occultation  of,  19. 

RELIGION,  in  the  American  states,  524 ;  in  the 
European  states,  539;  in  Asia.  592. 

RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  OF  THE  WORLD,  609; 
creeds, 609;  Christians, 609;  Jews, COS);  East 
Asiatic,  609;  Mohammedans,  609;  Pagans, 
609;  Christianity,  609. 

REPRESENTATIVES,  in  fortieth  Congress,  74; 
in  forty-first  Congress,  263. 

REPUBLICAN  NATIONAL  CONVENTION,  265 ; 
Platform,  2(55. 

RESIGNATIONS,  deaths  and  dismissals  in  the 
navy,  136. 

RETIRED  LIST,  of  Army,  119;  of  Navy,  135. 

REUSS,  chief  town.  562;  Elder  line,  area  and 
population,  562;  Younger  line,  area  and 
population,  562;  Elder  line,  reigning  sover 
eign  and  family,  562;  new  constitution, 562; 
income,  expenditures,  debt,  troops,  562; 
Younger  line,  reigning  sovereign  ana  family, 
562;  government,  562;  income,  expendi 
tures,  debt,  troops,  562. 

RHODE  ISLAND,  Governors  of,  68 ;  IT.  S.  Sen 
ators,  72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
75,  264 ;  collectors  of  customs  and  surveyors, 
98 ;  assessors  and  collectors  of  internal  rev 
enue,  103;  mail  service  in,  156;  pensioners 
in,  177,  179;  temperature  and  rainfall.  180; 
average  yield  and  prices  of  crops.  187 ;  prices 
of  farm  stock,  188;  colleges  in,  202. 

Capitals,  445;  area,  445;  population,  445, 
448;  settlement  of,  445 ;  U.  S.  constitution 
ratified,  445;  government,  445;  legislature, 
445;  qualification  of  voters,  445;  judiciary, 
445;  Supreme  court,  445,  446;  court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  445,446;  United  States  courts, 
446;  terms  of  courts,  446;  finances,  440; 
state  debt,  446;  education,  447:  Brown  Uni 
versity,  447;  School  Commissioner,  447; 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


821 


RHODE  ISLAND — 

Normal  School,  447 ;  common  schools,  447; 
charitable  institutions,  447  ;  beneficiaries 
maintained  in  other  states,  447;  Butler  Insane 
Asylum.  447, 448 ;  Providence  Reform  School, 

.  447,  448;  State  Prison,  447,  448;  wealth  and 
industry,  448;  manufactures,  448;  products, 
448;  banks,  448;  railroads,  448;  votes  at 
Presidential  elections.  674. 

ROBINSON,  SIR  H.,  Governor  of  Ceylon,  595. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH,  statistics  of,  611- 
612;  the  Pope,  612:  cardinals,  612 ;  patri 
archs,  archbishops  and  bishops,  612;  arch 
bishoprics  and  bishoprics,  in  America,  613 ; 
in  Europe,  613-614 ;  in  Asia,  614 ;  in  Africa, 
614;  in  Australasia  and  Polynesia,  614- 
(Ecumenical  councils,  614;  National  and 
Provisional  Councils  and  Diocesan  Synods, 
614 ;  monastic  orders,  615. 

RUMANIA,  area,  591 ;  population,  591 ;  chief 
cities, 591;  sovereign, 591 ;  government, 691; 
union  of  Wallachia  and  Moldavia,  591 ;  cabi 
net,  591 ;  revenue,  expenditures  and  debt, 
591 ;  army  and  navy,  591 ;  exports  and  im 
ports,  591. 

RUSSIA,  capital.  582:  area,  582;  population,  582; 
history,  582 ;  divisions  and  chief  cities,  582 : 
serfdom  abolished,  582;  nativity  of  popula 
tion.  582;  reigning  sovereign  and  family, 
582;  government,  582;  councils,  582;  minis 
try,  582 ;  education,  universities  and  peri 
odicals,  583 ;  revenue,  expenditures  and 
debt.  583 ;  army  and  navy,  583 ;  imports  and 
exports,  584;  trading  ports,  shipping  en 
tered,  584 ;  commerce,  584 ;  railroad  lines, 
584 ;  (see  Finland  and  Poland). 

s. 

SACRAMENTO,  schools  in,  289. 

SALNAVE,  SYLVAIN,  president  of  Hayti,  529. 

SALT,  in  Kentucky,  346:  in  Louisiana,  352;  in 
Michigan,  381;  in  Nevada,  401 ;  in  New  York, 
420;  in  Ohio,  432;  in  Texas,  461 ;  in  Virginia, 
471;  in  West  Virginia,  475;  in  New  Mexico, 
502 ;  in  Utah,  503. 

SAN  DOMINGO,  532;  capital,  532;  area,  532; 
population,  532 ;  history,  532 ;  independence 
and  civil  war,  532 ;  president,  532 ;  imports 
and  exports,  532 ;  shipping  arrivals,  532. 

SANDWICH  ISLANDS,  capital,  602;  area,  602; 
population,  602;  history,  602;  disco  very,  602; 
consolidation  of  kingdom,  602 ;  list  of  kings, 
602 ;  government,  602 ;  ministry,  602. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  high  water  at,  21 ;  public 
schools  in,  289;  trade  and  commerce  of,  293. 

SAN  SALVADOR,  527;  capital,  527;  area,  527; 
population,  527 ;  government,  527;  Senate 
and  Legislature,  527;  revenue,  expenditures 
and  debt,  527 ;  imports  and  exports,  527. 

SARMIENTO,  DOMINGO  F.,  president  of  Argen 
tine  Republic,  525. 

SATURN,  situation  of,  23-45;  diameter,  47;  dis 
tance  from  sun,  47 ;  revolution  and  rotation 
on  axis,  47. 

SAX E-ALTENBURG,  capital,  562;  area,  562;  pop 
ulation,  562;  wealth  of  peasantry.  562;  reign 
ing  sovereign  and  family,  562;  Chamber  of 
Representatives,  562;  revenue  and  expen 
ditures,  562;  troops,  562. 

SAXE-CoBURG-GoTHA,  capital,  561 ;  area,  561 ; 
population,  561 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  fam 
ily,  561 ;  government,  561 ;  elections,  561 ; 
income,  expenditures  and  debt,  562 ;  troops, 
562. 

SAXE-MEININGEN,  capital,  561 ;  area,  561 ;  pop 
ulation,  561  ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family, 


SAXE-MEININGEN — 

561 ;    government,  561 ;    income,  expendi 
tures  and  debt,  561 ;  troops,  561. 

SAXE-WEIMAR,  capital,  560 ;  area,  560 ;  popula 
tion,  560;  reigning  sovereign  and  family, 
560;  government.  560 ;  House'of  Parliament, 
560;  finances,  560;  troops,  560. 

SAXONY,  capital,  558 ;  area,  558 ;  population, 
558;  districts  and  cities,  558;  reigning  sov 
ereign  and  family,  558;  government,  558; 
Upper  and  Lo.v^r  Chambers,  558;  council 
of  ministers,  55.);  education,  559 ;  finances, 
559;  revenue,  expenditures  and  debt,  559; 
army,  559;  lad.'Mrial  pu  suits,  559. 

SCHAUMBURG  Lipr  j  563 ;  chief  town, 563;  area, 
563;  populatic.^,  563;  I'cignuig  sovereign 
and  family,  563,  government,  563 ;  income, 
expenses  and  troops,  56£. 

SCHOFIELD,  MAJOR  <.EN.  JOHN  M.,  appointed 
commander  of  1st  Military  District,  234. 

SCHOOL,  Lawrence  Scientific,  368;  Sheffield 
Scientific,  297;  military,  nautical,  medical, 
&c.,  in  Chili,  528;  of  mines  in  Mexico,  531. 

SCHOOL,  artillery,  123. 

SCHOOLS,  agricultural  and  scientific,  212;  grants 
for,  173;  Theological,  204 ;  of  law,  208;  Med 
ical,  206;  Normal,  210;  Training.  210. 

SCHOOLS  in  the  states,  (see  Education  in  each 
state). 

ScHWARZBURG-RuDOLSTADT,  562;  chief  town, 
562;  area  and  population,  562;  reigning  sov 
ereign  and  family,  562;  government,  563; 
revenue  and  expenditures,  563;  troops,  563. 

ScHWARZBURG-SoxDERSHAUSEN,  563 ;  chief 
town, 563;  area, 563;  population. 563;  reign 
ing  sovereign  and  family,  563;  government, 
563;  revenue,  expenditure  and  debt,  563; 
troops,  563. 

SEASONS,  the,  10. 

SECRETARY,  of  State,  80 ;  duties  of,  80 ;  of  the 
Treasury,  80;  duties  of,  95;  of  War,  80;  du 
ties  of,  107;  of  the  Navy,  80",  duties  of,  128; 
of  the  Interior,  80. 

SECRETARIES,  of  State,  60,  81 ;  the  Treasury, 
61,  90;  War,  61,  108;  the  Navy,  61,  128;  the 
Interior,  61,  169;  Legation,  82. 

SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  70. 

SENATE,  presiding  officers  of,  63.  73.  of  Fortieth 
Congress,  71 ;  committees  of,  72,  802;  of 
Forty-first  Congress,  262. 

Senators,  of  the  United  States,  qualifications 
of,  70;  how  chosen,  70;  in  Fortieth  Con 
gress,  71 ;  in  Forty-first  Congress.  262. 

SERVIA,  area  and  population,  51)1 ;  capital,  591 ; 
sovereign,  591 ;  government,  591 ;  protection 
of  European  powers,  591 ;  revenue  and  ex 
penditures,  591  ;  army,  591 ;  commerce,  591. 

SCSSIONS  of  Congress,  63,  71. 

SETTLEMENT  of  United  States,  59 ;  (of  the  seve 
ral  States  and  Territories,  see  under  each). 

SEYMOUR,  HORATIO,  nominated  President,  272 ; 
letter  of  acceptance,  270. 

SHERIDAN,  PHILIP  H.  Major  General,  appointed 
commander  of  the  5th  Military  District,  234. 

SHIP  BUILDING  in  Maine,  357. 

SIAM,  capital,  597;  area,  597;  population,  597; 
divisions,  597 ;  sovereign,  597 ;  government, 
597 ;  public  revenue,  597 ;  armament,  597 ; 
fleet  of  war,  597  ;  trade,  597. 

SICKLES,  DANIEL  E..  Maj.  Gen.,  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  2d  Mil.  District,  234,  421. 

SIGNS  of  the  zodiac,  19. 

SILK,  production  of  in  California,  292. 

SILVER,  coinage,  219;  deposits  at  United  States 
Mint,  219  ;  production,  220,  647. 

SILVER  COINS,  of  the  United  States,  222;  for 
eign,  222. 


822 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


[1869. 


SILVER  MINES,  in  Nevada,  400,  046.  651;  in 
Michigan,  381 ;  in  Missouri,  394 ;  in  Alaska, 
484;  in  Arizona,  486,  652 ;  in  Colorado,  488, 
652;  in  Dakota,  492;  in  Idaho,  495.  657,  651 ; 
in  Montana,  499,  651 ;  in  New  Mexico.  501, 
652 ;  in  Mexico,  531 ;  history  of,  649 ;  in 
Ural  Mountains,  645 ;  in  European  States, 
645;  in  Japan  and  New  Zealand,  646;  in 
South  American  States,  646. 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION,  216;  officers  of,  216 ; 
fund  of,  21(i ;  publications  of,  217 ;  exchanges 
of,  217  ;  observers  for,  217. 

SOLDIERS'  AND  SAILORS'  National  Convention, 
at  Chicago.  206 ;  at  New  York,  269. 

SOLDIERS'  ORPHANS'  HOMES,  in  Conn.,  300; 
in  Illinois,  321 :  in  Indiana,  327;  in  Iowa, 
335  ;  in  Pennsylvania,  442  ;  in  Wisconsin, 
479. 

SOLICITOR  of  the  Treasury,  97 :  duties  of,  96. 

SOUTH  AUSTRALIA,  area  and  population,  602 ; 
Parliament,  602;  revenue  and  expenditures, 
602;  imports  and  exports,  602. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  Governors  of,  68 ;  U.  S.  Sen 
ators,  72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
75,264;  collectors  of  customs,  98;  assessors 
and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  103 ;  mail 
service  in,  156;  temperature  and  rainfall, 
186 ;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187  ; 
prices  of  farm  stock,  188;  colleges  in,  202. 

Capital,  449;  area,  449;  population,  449, 
452;  settlement  of,  449;  United  States  con 
stitution  ratified,  449 ;  ordinance  of  seces 
sion  adopted,  449;  repealed,  449 ;  re-admit 
ted  to  Union,  449;  Government,  449;  leg 
islature,  449;  qualification  of  voters,  450; 
judiciary,  450;  Supreme  court,  450,  451  ; 
courts  of  Common  Pleas,  450;  court  of  Gen 
eral  Sessions,  450;  United  States  courts, 
450 ;  finances,  451 ;  state  debt,  451 ;  educa 
tion,  451 ;  Superintendent  of  Education,  451 ; 
school  fund,  451;  charitable  institutions, 
452 ;  Lunatic  Asylum,  452 ;  penitentiary, 
452;  wealth  and  industry,  452 ;  increase  of 
colored  population,  452;  agriculture,  453; 
effects  of  the  war,  453 ;  gold,  453 ;  manufac 
tures,  453 ;  products,  453 ; .  banks,  453 ;  votes 
at  Presidential  elections,  737. 

SOUTH  GERMANY,  564.    (See  separate  States). 

SOUTHERN  STATES,  reconstruction  in,  233;  reg 
istration  in,  234;  ratification  of  constitu 
tions,  235. 

SPAIN,  capital,  584 ;  area,  584,  585 ;  population, 
584,  585 ;  history,  584 ;  union  of  Aragon, 
Castile,  and  other  Kingdoms,  584 ;  value  of 
lands,  585 ;  government,  585 ;  revolution  of 
1868,585;  races  of,  585;  education,  585;  uni 
versities,  585;  revenue,  expenditures  and 
debt,  585-  army  and  navy,  585 ;  classification 
of  vessels,  585 ;  imports  and  exports,  585 ; 
mineral  and  agricultural  wealth,  586;  rail 
ways  and  coast  line,  586 ;  colonies,  586. 

SPANISH  POSSESSIONS,  537 ;  area,  537 ;  popula 
tion,  537.  (See  Cuba). 

SPEAKERS  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
63,  74. 

SPECIAL  COMMISSIONER  of  Revenue.  97;  duties 
of.  96. 

SQUADRONS  in  the  U.  S.  Navy,  139. 

STAMP  DUTIES,  259 ;  penalties  for  not  using 
stamps,  260. 

STARS,  evening,  15 ;   morning,  15 ;   table  of,  49. 

STATE  LEGISLATURES,  politically  classified,  738. 

STATES  AND  TERRITORIES,  Governors  of,  64-69 ; 
Governments  of,  274. 

STATISTICS  of  Agriculture,  185. 

STATISTICS  of  Deaf  Mutes,  (see  each  State). 

STATISTICS  of  Insane,  (see  each  State). 


STATISTICS  of  Penitentiaries  and  Prisons  (see 
each  State). 

SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT,  112. 

SUN,  eclipse  of,  11-13;  declination  of,  18:  di 
ameter  and  rotation  on  axis,  47. 

SUNRISE,  22-44. 

SUNSET,  22-44. 

SUPERVISING  INSPECTORS  of  steamboats  and 
their  districts,  106. 

SUPREME  COURT  of  the  United  States,  147- 
Chief  Justices  of,  62,  147;  Associate  Jus 
tices  of,  62,  147. 

SUPREME  COURT  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
147,  511. 

SURVEYS  of  Public  Lands,  170. 

SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY,  586 ;  union  and  govern 
ment,  586. 

SWEDEN,  capital,  586;  area,  586;  population, 
5S6 ;  history  586;  union  with  Denmark,  586 ; 
agriculture,  586 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  fam 
ily,  586 ;  constitution  and  government,  586 ; 
Diet,  586;  qualification  of  electors,  587; 
ministry,  587 ;  education,  587 ;  revenue,  ex 
penditures  and  debt,  587 ;  army  and  navy, 
587 ;  fortresses,  587 ;  imports  and  exports, 
587 ;  mines  and  manufactures,  587 ;  railways, 
and  telegraph  lines,  587 ;  (see  Norway). 

SWEDISH  POSSESSIONS,  537. 

SWITZERLAND,  588;  capital,  588;  area,  588; 
population,  588;  history,  588  ;  government, 
588;  State  and  Federal  Councils,  588  ;  edu 
cation,  588;  universities,  588 ;  revenue  and 
expenditures,  588;  army,  588;  commerce, 
exports  and  imports,  589 ;  railways  and  tele 
graph  lines,  589 ;  Post-office,  business  of,  589. 

T. 

TARTARY,  area,  597;  population,  597;  divisions, 
597;  principal  cities,  597;  Russian  con 
quests,  597. 

TASMANIA,  area  and  population,  602:  Legisla 
tive  Council  and  House  of  Representatives, 
602 ;  revenue  and  expenditure,  602  ;  imports 
and  exports,  602. 

TAXATION  of  National  Banks,  243. 

TEMPERATURE  and  rain-fall,  185 ;  table  of,  186. 

TEMPERATURE,  highest,  185  ;  lowest,  185. 

TENNESSEE,  Governors  of,  68;  U.  S.  Senators, 
72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress,  75, 
264 ;  collectors  of  customs,  98 ;  assesors  and 
collectors  of  internal  revenue.  103 ;  mail  ser 
vice  in,  156;  temperature  and  rainfall,  186; 
average  yield  and  prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices 
of  farm  stock,  188;  colleges  in,  202. 

Capital,  454;  area,  454:  population,  454, 
456 ;  settlement  of.  454 ;  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  454;  admitted  to  the  Union,  454; 
ordinance  of  secession  adopted,  454;  re 
pealed,  454 ;  the  state  restored  to  the  Union, 
454;  government.  454;  legislature.  454 ;  qual 
ification  of  voters,  454;  judiciary,  454 ;  Su 
preme  court,  454,  455 ;  Chancery  court,  454, 
455;  United  States  courts,  455;  finances, 
455;  state  debt,  455 ;  education.  455;  colleges, 
455:  State  Superintendent,  455 ;  County  Su 
perintendents,  455 ;  charitable  institutions, 
455;  Insane  Hospital,  455,  456;  Institution 
for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  455,  456;  Institution 
for  Blind,  455,  456 ;  State  Penitentiary,  456 ; 
wealth  and  industry,  456 ;  natural  divisions, 
456  ;  minerals,  457 ;  products,  457 ;  manufac 
tures,  457;  banks,  457;  votes  at  Presidential 
elections,  712. 

TEXAS,  Governors  of,  68;  collectors  of  customs 
in,  98;  assessors  and  collectors  of  internal 
revenue,  103 ;  mail  service  in,  156 ;  tempera- 


1869.] 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


823 


TEXAS— 

ture  and  rainfall.  180;    average  yield  and 

.  prices  of  crops,  1ST;  prices  ot  farm  stock, 
188 ;  colleges  in,  203. 

Capital,  457;  area,  457;  population,  457, 
400 ;  settlement  of,  457 ;  admitted  to  the 
Union,  457;  ordinance  of  secession  adopted, 
457;  annulled.  457 ;  reconstruction  of,  457; 
government,  458;  legislature,  458;  qualifi 
cation  of  voters,  458;  judiciary,  458;  Su- 
B;eme  court, 458;  United  States  courts,  458; 
istrict  courts,  458;  terms  of  courts,  45(4; 
finances,  459;  state  debt,  459;  education,  459; 
universities,  459 ;  Board  of  education,  459 ; 
testimony  of  Superintendent  on  the  state 
of  schools,  459;  charitable  institutions,  400; 
Institution  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  400;  Lunatic 
Asylum,  400 ;  penitentiary.  4(50 ;  wealth  and 
industry,  400;  advantages  in  regard  to  soil 
and  climate,  401 ;  timber,  401 ;  cotton,  401 ; 
minerals,  401 ;  price  of  lands,  401 ;  products, 
461 ;  banks,  401 ;  votes  at  Presidential  elec 
tions,  730. 

THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES,  204. 

TIDE  TABLE,  48. 

TIN,  history  of,  059. 

TITLES  and  abstracts  of  public  laws,  246. 

TREASURER  of  United  States,  97 ;  duties  of,  90. 

Tu-Duc,  emperor  of  Anam,  593. 

TURKEY,  capital,  589 ;  area,  589 ;  population, 
589 ;  history,  589 ;  classification  of  races  in 
divisions  of  the  empire,  589 ;  chief  cities, 
589 ;  reigning  sovereign  and  family,  590 ; 
House  of  Othman,  590;  government,  590; 
liberty  of  worship,  590;  dignitaries,  590; 
ministry,  590;  education,  590:  revenue,  ex 
penditures  and  debt,  590;  army  and  navy, 
59i) ;  classification  of  vessels,  590 ;  imports 
and  exports,  590;  railways  and  telegraph 
lines.  591 ;  Tributary  States,  (see  Egypt,  Itu- 
mania,  Servia,  Montenegro). 

TWILIGHT,  beginning  and  end  of,  23-45. 

u. 

UNITARIANS,  in  the  United  States,  622 ;  in  Eu 
rope,  0-22. 

UNITED  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST,  622. 

UNITED  EVANGELICAL  CHURCH,  622. 

UNITED  STATES,  59;  extent  of,  59;  area,  59; 
settlement  of,  59 ;  government  of,  59. 

UNITED  STATES  BONDS,  241. 

UNITED  STATES  COAST  SURVEY,  90,  104;  offi 
cers  of,  104  ;  object  of,  101 ;  work  of,  104. 

UNITED  STATES  COINS,  222. 

UNITED  STATES  DEBT,  239,  240. 

UNITED  STATES  Military  Academy,  108 ;  Mili 
tary  Staff,  108 ;  Academic  Staff,  109;  appoint 
ment  and  admission  of  cadets,  110. 

UNITED  STATES  MINT,  218;  officers  of,  218; 
branches  of,  218 ;  deposits,  219;  coinage,  219. 

UNITED  STATES  Naval  Academy,  129 ;  Superin 
tendent  of,  129;  Academic  Board  and  Staff, 
129;  officers  not  attached  to  the  staff,  130; 
regulations,  130;  admission  of  students, 
130:  cadet  engineers  in  the  navy,  131. 

UNIVERSALISTS,  in  the  United  States,  622;  in 
Europe,  022. 

UNIVERSITIES,  in  Austria,  542;  in  Germany, 
554;  in  Prussia,  557;  in  Bavaria,  505;  in 
Baden,  500;  in  Italy,  578;  in  Russia,  583; 
in  Spain,  585 ;  in  Switzerland,  588. 

UNIVERSITY  of  Alabama,  277;  board  of  regents 
of,  278 ;  Wesleyan,  297 ;  Georgia  State,  313 ; 
Oglethorpe,  314 ;  Mercer,  314 ;  Illinois  State 
Industrial,  318;  Indiana  State,  325;  Iowa 
State,  332;  Kansas  State,  339;  Kentucky, 


UNIVERSITY  OF — 

344;  Harvard,  308;  of  Michigan,  378;  Min 
nesota  State,  384;  Missouri  State,  392;  of 
New  York,  415 ;  Cornell,  415 ;  of  North  Caro 
lina,  424;  Willamette,  4:35;  Brown,  447;  of 
Texas,  459 ;  of  Virginia,  470 ;  of  Wisconsin, 
478;  of  Washington  territory,  505;  of  Chili, 
528 ;  of  Tubingen,  500 ;  of  Coimbra,  581 ;  of 
Calcutta,  594. 

URANUS,  rising  and  setting  of,  16. 

URUGUAY,  capital,  533;  area,  533;  population, 
533;  history,  533;  treaty  with  Brazil  and 
Buenos  Ayres,  533 ;  government,  533 ;  min 
istry,  533;  receipts  and  expenditures,  533; 
*  debt,  533;  army,  533;  imports  and  exports, 
533;  revenue  from  customs,  533. 

UTAH  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69  ;  delegate 
from,  70 ;  assessor  and  collector  of  internal 
revenue,  103;  mail  service  in,  150;  gold  and 
silver  product  of,  221,  222. 

Capital,  502;  area,  502;  population,  502, 
503;  ceded  to  the  United  States,  502;  settle 
ment  by  Mormons,  502 ;  change  of  name, 
502;  government,  502;  legislature,  502:  judi 
ciary,  502 ;  Supreme  court.  502, 503 ;  District 
courts,  503;  finances,  503;  education,  503; 
wealth  and  industry,  503;  character  of  the 
territory,  503;  productions,  503 ;  fruit,  503; 
stock  raising,  503;  factories,  503  ;  Mormon 
temple  and  tabernacle,  504  ;  banks,  504. 

V. 

VAN  DIEMEN'S  LAND,  (see  Tasmania). 

VENEZUELA,  capital,  533;  area,  533;  popula 
tion,  533;  history,  533 ;  independence  recog 
nized,  533;  government,  533 ;  new  constitu 
tion  adopted,  533 ;  revenue,  expenditures 
and  debt,  533;  army,  533;  imports  and  ex 
ports,  533. 

VENUS,  disc  of,  15 ;  phases  of,  15 ;  evening  star, 
15  ;  ephemeris  of,  16, 17 ;  situation  of,  23^15 ; 
diameter,  47;  distance  from  sun,  47;  revo 
lution  and  rotation,  47. 

VERMONT,  Governors  of,  69 ;  IT.  S.  Senators  in, 
72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress,  76, 
264;  collector  of  customs,  98;  assessors  and 
collectors  of  internal  revenue,  103 ;  mail  ser 
vice  in,  156;  pensioners  in,  177,  178;  tem 
perature  and  rainfall,  180 ;  average  yield  and 
prices  of  crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock, 
188  ;  colleges  in,  203. 

Capital,  462;  area,  462;  population,  462, 
406;  settlement  of,  402;  admitted  to  the 
Union,  402;  government,  402;  legislature, 
402 ;  qualification  of  voters,  402 ;  judiciary, 
402;  Supreme  court,  402, 403;  County  courts, 
402,  403 ;  United  States  courts,  403 ;  terms 
of  courts,  403 ;  finances.  404 ;  state  debt, 
404;  education,  405;  Agricultural  college, 
4r»  ;  Board  of  Education,  405  ;  Normal 
schools,  405 ;  public  schools,  465 ;  charitable 
institutions,  405 ;  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  405, 
466;  Reform  School,  405,  40(5;  State  Prison, 
400;  wealth  and  industry,  466;  agriculture, 
406;  quarries,  407;  products,  407;  banks, 
407;  votes  at  Presidential  elections,  672. 

VICE-ADMIRAL,  132. 

VICE-PRESIDENT  of  the  United  States,  how 
chosen,  79 ;  powers  and  duties  of,  79. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS,  GO,  79,  80. 

VICTOR  EMMANUEL  II.,  King  of  Italy,  578. 

VICTORIA  I.,  Queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire 
land,  570. 

VICTORIA,  area  and  population,  602;  revenue 
and  expenditure,  602;  imports  and  exports, 
602;  wool,  602;  gold  product,  602. 


824 


THE  AMERICAN  YEAR-BOOK  AND  REGISTER. 


L1869. 


VIRGINIA,  Governors  of,  69;  collectors  of  cus 
toms,  98;  assessors  and  collectors  of  inter 
nal  revenue,  103;  mail  service  in,  156;  pen 
sioners  in,  177 — 179;  temperature  and  rain 
fall,  186;  average  yield  and  prices  of  crops, 
187;  prices  of  farm  stock,  188 ;  colleges  in, 
202;  gold  product,  221. 

Capital,  467;  area,  467;  population,  467, 
470 ;  settlement  of,  467 ;  United  States  con 
stitution  ratified,  467;  secession  of,  467; 
state  divided,  467;  reconstruction  of,  467; 
government,  467;  qualification  of  voters, 
468;  judiciary,  468;  court  of  Appeals,  468 ; 
District  courts,  468;  Circuit  courts,  468; 
United  States  courts,  468;  finances,  469; 
state  debt,  469 ;  education,  4(59;  college  of 
William  and  Mary,  470;  Washington  College, 
470 ;  University  of  Virginia,  470 ;  wealth  and 
industry,  470 ;  agriculture,  470 ;  timber  and 
minerals,  471:  products,  471;  banks,  471; 
votes  at  Presidential  elections,  680. 

w. 

WALDECK,  chief  town,  563 ;  area,  563 ;  popula 
tion,  563;  reigning  sovereign  and  family, 
563;  government,  563;  revenue,  expendi 
ture,  debt  and  troops,  563. 

WANG.NU,  King  of  Siam,  597. 

WASHINGTON  CITY,  extent,  511 ;  streets  and  av 
enues,  511 ;  incorporation,  511 ;  Georgetown, 
511;  Capitol,  512;  laying  of  corner-stone, 
512;  extensions,  512;  dome,  512;  dimensions 
of  building,  512 ;  rotunda,  513 ;  Senate  cham 
ber  and  Representatives  hall,  513;  other 
principal  public  buildings,  513 ;  parks,  513 ; 
classification  of  buildings,  513;  classifica 
tion  of  population,  514. 

WASHINGTON  TERRITORY,  Governors  of,  69 ; 
delegate  from,  76 ;  collector  of  customs,  98 ; 
assessor  and  collector  of  internal  revenue, 
103;  mail  service  in,  156;  gold  and  silver 
product,  221. 

Capital,  504;  area,  504;  population,  504, 
505 ;  settlement,  504 ;  organization,  504;  gov 
ernment,  504 ;  legislature,  505 ;  judiciary,  505 ; 
Supreme  court,  505;  District  courts,  505; 
United  States  court,  505 ;  terms  of  courts, 
505:  education,  505;  University  of,  505; 
schools,  505 ;  wealth  and  industry,  505 ;  nat 
ural  divisions,  505  ;  climate,  5U6 ;  produc 
tions,  506;  forests  and  lumber,  507;  mines, 
507 ;  fisheries,  507  ;  commercial  facilities, 
507 ;  rivers,  507 ;  public  lands,  507. 

WEALTH  AND  INDUSTRY,  (see  each  State). 

WESTERN  AUSTRALIA,  population,  602;  area, 
603;  transportation  of  British  convicts,  602; 
exports  and  imports,  602. 

WEST  VIRGINIA,  line  of  sun's  eclipse  passes 
through,  13;  Governors  of,  69;  U.  S.  Sena 
tors,  72,  263 ;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
76, 264 ;  collectors  of  customs  in,  98 ;  assess 
ors  and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  203 ; 
mail  service  in,  156;  pensioners,  177,  178; 
temperature  and  rainfall,  18(i ;  average  yield 
and  prices  of  crops,  187;  prices  of  farm 
stock,  188;  colleges  in,  204. 

Capital,  471 ;  area,  471 ;  population,  471. 
475 ;  organization  of,  471 ;  admitted  to  the 
Union,  471 ;  government,  471 ;  legislature, 


WKST  VIRGINIA— 

471 ;  qualification  of  voters,  472 ;  jndicinry, 
472;  Supreme  court,  472;  United  States 
courts,  472;  terms  of  courts,  472  finances; 
472;  revenue  and  expenditures,  473;  educa 
tion,  473;  Superintendent  of  Schools  473; 
county  superintendents,  473 ;  boards  of  edu 
cation,  473;  school  fund,  473;  Normal 
Schools,  473 ;  Agricultural  College,  474;  pub 
lic  schools,  474 ;  charitable  institutions,  474 ; 
Insane  Hospital,  474 ;  penitentiary,  474, 475; 
wealth  and  industry,  475;  soil,  475;  mine 
rals,  475;  taxable  property  of  the  state,  475; 
votes  at  Presidential  elections,  736. 

WILLIAM  I.,  King  of  Prussia,  556. 

WILLIAM  I.,  Duke  of  Brunswick,  561. 

WILLIAM  III.,  King  of  the  Netherlands,  579. 

WISCONSIN,  Governors  of,  69 ;  U.  S.  Senators 
of,  72,  263;  Representatives  in  Congress, 
76,  264;  collectors  of  customs  in,  98;  assess 
ors  and  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  104 ; 
mail  service  in,  156 ;  land  grants  to,  174, 248 ; 
pensioners  in,  177 — 179;  temperature  and 
rainfall,  186;  average  yield  and  prices  of 
crops,  187 ;  prices  of  farm  stock  in,  188 ;  col 
leges  in,  204. 

Capital,  476;    area,  476;    population,  476; 
settlement,  476  ;  admitted  to  the  Union.  476 ; 


United  States  courts,  477:  terms  of  courts, 
477  ;  finances,  477 ;  state  debt,  477  ;  educa 
tion,  478;  State  University,  478;  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction,  478 ;  Nor 
mal  Schools,  478 :  public  schools,  478;  private 
schools,  478;  colleges,  479 ;  charitabki  insti 
tutions  479;  Insane  Hospital,  479,  480 ;  In 
stitution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  479,  480 ; 
Institution  for  the  Blind,  479;  Soldiers1  Or 
phans'  Home,  479,  480 :  Reform  School,  479, 
480;  State  Prison,  480 ;  wealth  and  industry, 
480;  immigration,  480;  surface,  481 ;  timber, 
481 ;  minerals,  481 ;  manufactures,  481 :  pro 
ducts,  481 ;  banks,  481 ;  votes  at  Presidential 
elections,  704. 

WURTEMBERG,  area,  565 ;  population,  565 ;  ex 
tensive  emigration,  565 ;  reigning  sovereign 
and  family^  565  :  government,  565;  min 
istry,  565 ;  educational  institutions,  566 ;  in 
come,  expenditure  and  debt,  566 ;  railroads, 
566;  army,  566;  banks  and  insurance,  566; 
live  stock,  566 ;  mines,  566;  Post-Offlce,  566 ; 
telegraph  stations,  566. 

WYOMING  TERRITORY,  organization,  508  ; 
boundaries,  508 ;  government,  508 ;  legisla 
ture,  508;  qualification  of  voters,  508;  judi 
ciary,  509;  character  of  the  country,  510; 
surface,  510;  gold  mines,  510 ;  Pacific  Rail 
road,  510. 

Y. 

YALE  COLLEGE,  297. 

YOUNG,  Sir  John,  Governor-General  of  Canada, 
534. 

z. 

ZINC,  659 ;  history  of,  659 ;  product,  659. 
ZODIAC,  constellations  and  signs  of,  19. 
ZOLLVEREIN,  THE,  of  Germany,  402. 


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